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81 viewing angle
< opt> ■ Gesichtswinkel m -
82 con
with( mezzo) bycon questo tempo in this weathercon tutto ciò for all thatavere con sé have with or on one* * *con prep.1 ( compagnia, unione) with: vieni con me?, are you coming with me?; lavora con il padre, he works with his father; vive a Torino ( insieme) con i genitori, she lives in Turin with her parents; dovunque vada, porta sempre i bambini con sé, wherever she goes, she always takes the children with her; tutti i giorni faceva la sua passeggiata col cane, every day he went for a walk with his dog; restate a cena con noi?, will you stay and have dinner with us?; viaggia sempre con molte valigie, she always travels with a lot of luggage; porta con te l'ombrello, minaccia di piovere, it looks like rain, so take your umbrella with you; si presentò con un grande fascio di giornali sotto il braccio, he turned up with a large wad of newspapers under his arm // mi dispiace, non ho denaro con me, I'm sorry I haven't any money on me2 ( relazione) with: litiga spesso con suo fratello, she argues a lot with her brother; ho avuto una lunga discussione con loro, I had a long discussion with them; essere in pace, in guerra con qlcu., to be at peace, at war with s.o.; va d'accordo con tutti, he gets on well with everyone; con noi si comporta sempre così, he always behaves like that with us; la nostra ditta è in rapporto d'affari con il Giappone e con la Cina, our firm has business dealings with Japan and China; non abbiamo più contatti con lui, we have lost touch with him; il latino ha molte affinità con il greco, Latin has much in common with Greek; hai problemi con il nuovo lavoro?, have you any problems with your new job?3 ( verso, nei riguardi di) to: sii buono con lui!, be kind to him! // non prendertela con me!, don't take it out on me!4 ( per indicare una qualità o una caratteristica) with: era un uomo con i capelli bianchi e con una lunga barba, he was a man with white hair and a long beard; una ragazza con gli occhi azzurri, a girl with blue eyes (o a blue-eyed girl); un cane con il pelo lungo, a dog with long hair (o a long-haired dog); una finestra con le persiane verdi, a window with green shutters; una camera con servizi, a room with bath; vivono in una bella casa con giardino, they live in a lovely house with a garden ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, in questo significato si usa spesso la forma aggettivale5 ( modo) with: agì con grande coraggio, he acted with great courage; lo guardava con ammirazione, she gazed at him with admiration (o admiringly); trattare con cura, to handle with care; non hai lavorato con la dovuta attenzione, you haven't worked carefully enough (o with enough care); mi salutò con grandi sorrisi, she greeted me with a big smile; parla l'inglese con un forte accento americano, he speaks English with a strong American accent; con gli occhi chiusi, with one's eyes closed; con le mani giunte, with one's hands together; con le braccia incrociate, with one's arms crossed // pasta con il sugo, pasta with tomato sauce; risotto coi carciofi, risotto with artichokes; omelette col prosciutto, ham omelette ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, in questo significato si usa spesso la forma avverbiale6 ( mezzo) by; with: partire con l'aereo, la macchina, il treno, to leave by air, by car, by train; scrivere con la penna, la matita, to write with a pen, with a pencil; programmare col computer, to program with the computer; tieni il volante con tutt'e due le mani, hold the steering-wheel with both hands; il pedale della frizione si aziona con il piede sinistro, press the clutch pedal with your left foot; risponderò con un telex, I'll reply by telex; pagherò con un assegno, I'll pay by cheque; che intendi dire con ciò?, what do you mean by that?; il vino si fa con l'uva, wine is made with grapes; sono cose che s'imparano con l'esperienza, they are things you learn with experience // con l'aiuto di Dio, ce la faremo, we'll manage, with God's help7 ( causa) i ghiacciai si sciolgono con il calore dei raggi solari, glaciers melt with the heat of the sun; con il caldo, la carne si è guastata, the meat has gone bad with the heat; con quest'afa non si riesce a respirare, with this heat yon can't breathe; è stato a letto una settimana con l'influenza, he was in bed with flu for a week8 ( con valore temporale) with; in: preferirei partire col chiaro, I'd prefer to set out in the light; le rondini se ne vanno con i primi freddi, swallows migrate with the first sign of cold weather; con il mese di marzo, inizia l'ora legale, standard summertime begins in March; siamo arrivati con la pioggia, we arrived in the rain // con la tua venuta, sistemeremo la faccenda, we'll deal with the matter when you arrive // con l'andare del tempo, as time goes by9 ( con valore avversativo o concessivo) with; for: con quel colorito nessuno avrebbe detto che era ammalato, with that colour, no one would say he was ill; con tutti i suoi difetti, è una persona simpaticissima, he's a very likeable person, with (o for) all his faults; con tutto ciò, non mi sento di disapprovarlo, for all that, I can't bring myself to disapprove10 ( con valore consecutivo) to: con mia grande delusione, trovai che il treno era già partito, to my disappointment, I found the train had already left.* * *[kon]1) (in compagnia, presenza di)ballare, uscire, vivere con qcn. — to dance, go out, live with sb.
2) (in descrizioni) withuna ragazza con i capelli neri — a girl with black hair, a black-haired girl
3) (che coinvolge, riguarda)una discussione, un incontro con qcn. — a discussion, a meeting with sb.
sposarsi con qcn. — to get married to sb., to marry sb.
litigare con qcn. — to quarrel with sb.
4) (indicando un mezzo, un agente) withcolpire qcn. con qcs. — to hit sb. with sth.
5) (indicando il modo) withcon piacere, cura — with pleasure, care
con il pretesto di... — on the pretext of
9) (indicando la condizione) with••con questo caldo — in o with this heat
Note:La preposizione con si traduce quasi sempre con with quando indica: unione ( ballare con qualcuno = to dance with somebody; con la mia famiglia = with my family; caffè con una goccia di latte = coffee with a drop of milk), possesso ( la signora con il cappello nero = the lady with the black hat; una camicia con un grande colletto = a shirt with a large collar), relazione ( essere d'accordo con qualcuno = to agree with somebody; parlare con qualcuno = to talk with somebody), simultaneità ( alzarsi con il sole = to get up with the sun), opposizione ( battersi con qualcuno = to fight with somebody; essere in concorrenza con qualcuno = to be in competition with somebody) e mezzo ( con la forchetta = with a fork; con un bastone = with a stick). - Quando con ha valore di modo o maniera, si traduce spesso in inglese con l'avverbio corrispondente: con passione (= appassionatamente) = passionately; si noti tuttavia che con grande passione si traduce: with a lot of passion. Questo genere di espressioni, e altre quali con l'età, con gli anni etc., si trovano nel dizionario sotto il sostantivo in questione. - Quando con introduce mezzi di trasporto, si rende con by davanti a un mezzo generico ( con la macchina = by car; con il treno = by train; con l'autobus = by bus), mentre si usa in oppure on se il mezzo di trasporto è in qualche modo specificato ( con la mia macchina = in my car; con un autobus molto vecchio = in a very old bus; con l'elicottero del Presidente = in the President's helicopter; con il treno delle 9.45 = on the 9.45 train; con la mia moto = on my motor-bike). - Si notino espressioni idiomatiche quali con ogni probabilità = in all likelihood; con mia sorpresa = to my surprise; sposarsi con qualcuno = to get married to somebody. - Per altri esempi, usi particolari ed eccezioni, si veda la voce qui sotto. Sarà spesso utile consultare la voce relativa alla parola introdotta dalla preposizione; inoltre, la consultazione delle note lessicali poste in coda alla sezione italiano-inglese potrà risolvere particolari dubbi d'uso e di traduzione* * *con/kon/La preposizione con si traduce quasi sempre con with quando indica: unione ( ballare con qualcuno = to dance with somebody; con la mia famiglia = with my family; caffè con una goccia di latte = coffee with a drop of milk), possesso ( la signora con il cappello nero = the lady with the black hat; una camicia con un grande colletto = a shirt with a large collar), relazione ( essere d'accordo con qualcuno = to agree with somebody; parlare con qualcuno = to talk with somebody), simultaneità ( alzarsi con il sole = to get up with the sun), opposizione ( battersi con qualcuno = to fight with somebody; essere in concorrenza con qualcuno = to be in competition with somebody) e mezzo ( con la forchetta = with a fork; con un bastone = with a stick). - Quando con ha valore di modo o maniera, si traduce spesso in inglese con l'avverbio corrispondente: con passione (= appassionatamente) = passionately; si noti tuttavia che con grande passione si traduce: with a lot of passion. Questo genere di espressioni, e altre quali con l'età, con gli anni etc., si trovano nel dizionario sotto il sostantivo in questione. - Quando con introduce mezzi di trasporto, si rende con by davanti a un mezzo generico ( con la macchina = by car; con il treno = by train; con l'autobus = by bus), mentre si usa in oppure on se il mezzo di trasporto è in qualche modo specificato ( con la mia macchina = in my car; con un autobus molto vecchio = in a very old bus; con l'elicottero del Presidente = in the President's helicopter; con il treno delle 9.45 = on the 9.45 train; con la mia moto = on my motor-bike). - Si notino espressioni idiomatiche quali con ogni probabilità = in all likelihood; con mia sorpresa = to my surprise; sposarsi con qualcuno = to get married to somebody. - Per altri esempi, usi particolari ed eccezioni, si veda la voce qui sotto. Sarà spesso utile consultare la voce relativa alla parola introdotta dalla preposizione; inoltre, la consultazione delle note lessicali poste in coda alla sezione italiano-inglese potrà risolvere particolari dubbi d'uso e di traduzione.1 (in compagnia, presenza di) ballare, uscire, vivere con qcn. to dance, go out, live with sb.; porta un amico con te bring a friend with you2 (in descrizioni) with; una ragazza con i capelli neri a girl with black hair, a black-haired girl; il ragazzo con la gamba rotta the boy with the broken leg; una casa con vista sul mare a room with a sea view3 (che coinvolge, riguarda) una discussione, un incontro con qcn. a discussion, a meeting with sb.; sposarsi con qcn. to get married to sb., to marry sb.; il confine con il Belgio the border with Belgium; litigare con qcn. to quarrel with sb.; la guerra con la Germania the war with Germany4 (indicando un mezzo, un agente) with; colpire qcn. con qcs. to hit sb. with sth.; camminare con il bastone to walk with a stick; pagare con carta di credito to pay by credit card; arrivare con il treno to arrive by train5 (indicando il modo) with; con piacere, cura with pleasure, care; con mia grande gioia to my great joy; con il pretesto di... on the pretext of...6 (in relazione a) aumentare con il tempo to increase with time7 (indicando simultaneità) alzarsi con il (primo) sole to get up with the sun8 (interpretato da) Casablanca con Humphrey Bogart Casablanca with Humphrey Bogart; un film con De Niro a film featuring De Niro10 (seguito da un infinito) cominciò col dire che he started (off) by saying that; finì con l'ammettere il proprio torto he ended up admitting he was wrong. -
83 с этой точки зрения
его зрение слабеет, он теряет зрение — his sight is failing
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > с этой точки зрения
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84 load
1. nouna load of [old] rubbish or tripe — (fig. coll.) ein einziger Mist (ugs.)
what a load of rubbish! — was für ein Quatsch (ugs.) od. (ugs. abwertend) Schmarren!
get a load of this! — (coll.) (listen) hör einmal gut od. genau zu! (ugs.); (look) guck mal genau hin! (ugs.)
2. transitive verbloads of — jede Menge od. massenhaft (ugs.) [Nahrungsmittel usw.]
1) (put load on) beladenload somebody with work — (fig.) jemandem Arbeit auftragen od. (ugs. abwertend) aufhalsen
3)the dice were loaded against him — (fig.) er hatte schlechte Karten
4) (charge) laden [Gewehr]load a camera — einen Film [in einen Fotoapparat] einlegen
6) (strain) schwer belasten3. intransitive verba table loaded with food — ein mit Speisen beladener Tisch
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/88815/load_up">load up* * *[ləud] 1. noun1) (something which is being carried: The lorry had to stop because its load had fallen off; She was carrying a load of groceries.) die Ladung2) (as much as can be carried at one time: two lorry-loads of earth.) die Ladung3) (a large amount: He talked a load of rubbish; We ate loads of ice-cream.) eine Unmasse4) (the power carried by an electric circuit: The wires were designed for a load of 15 amps.) die Leistung2. verb1) (to take or put on what is to be carried (especially if heavy): They loaded the luggage into the car; The lorry was loading when they arrived.) beladen3) (to put film into (a camera).) Film einlegen•- loaded* * *[ləʊd, AM loʊd]I. nthe maximum \load for this elevator is eight persons der Aufzug hat eine Tragkraft von maximal acht Personenwith a full \load of passengers mit Passagieren [voll] besetzta heavy/light \load ein hohes/niedriges ArbeitspensumI've got a heavy teaching \load this term in diesem Semester habe ich eine hohe Stundenzahlto lighten the \load das Arbeitspensum verringernto spread the \load die Verantwortung teilenwhat a \load of rubbish! was für ein ausgemachter Blödsinn! fama \load of cars eine [o jede] Menge Autos fama \load of washing Wäscheberg ma \load of work ein Riesenberg an Arbeityou need \loads of patience to look after children man braucht unglaublich viel Geduld, um Kinder zu beaufsichtigen5.get a \load of this new car! jetzt schau' dir doch mal dieses neue Auto an!▶ that takes a \load off my mind! da fällt mir aber ein Stein vom Herzen!II. advIII. vt1. (fill)▪ to \load sth etw ladento \load a container einen Container beladento \load the dishwasher die Spülmaschine einräumento \load the washing machine die Waschmaschine füllenmy boss has \loaded me with work mein Chef hat mich mit unheimlich viel Arbeit eingedeckt\loaded with grief gramgebeugt\loaded with worries sorgenbeladento \load sb with responsibilities jdm sehr viel Verantwortung aufladen3. (supply excessively)4. (fill) ladento \load a cannon eine Kanone ladento \load bullets [into a weapon] Patronen [nach]laden; (insert) einlegento \load a cassette/film eine Kassette/einen Film einlegento \load a program onto a computer ein Programm auf einem Computer installieren5. (bias)to \load a roulette wheel das Roulette präparieren6.to \load the dice in favour of sb/sth für jdn/etw eingenommen seinto \load the dice against sb/sth gegen jdn/etw voreingenommen seinIV. vi [ver]laden* * *[ləʊd]1. n1) (= sth carried, burden) Last f; (= cargo) Ladung f; (on girder, axle etc, fig) Belastung f, Last fwhat sort of load was the ship/truck carrying? — was hatte das Schiff/der Lastwagen geladen?
the maximum load for that bridge is 10 tons —
(work) load — (Arbeits)pensum nt
he has a heavy teaching load this term — er hat in diesem Semester eine hohe Stundenzahl
that's a load off my mind! — da fällt mir ein Stein vom Herzen!
3)thanks, we have loads — danke, wir haben jede Menge (inf)
it's a load of old rubbish (Brit) — das ist alles Blödsinn (inf) or Quatsch (inf); (film, book, translation) das ist alles Mist! (inf)
2. vt2) (= burden, weigh down) beladenthe branch was loaded with pears — der Ast war mit Birnen überladen
3) (fig) überhäufenor honors (US) —
4) gun ladenis this camera loaded? — ist ein Film im Apparat?
5) dice fälschen, präparieren3. vi"loading and unloading" — "Be- und Entladen"
2) (= load gun) laden; (= load camera) einen Film einlegenhow does this gun load? —
how does this camera load? — wie legt man einen Film in diesen Apparat ein?
* * *load [ləʊd]A s2. Ladung f (auch einer Schusswaffe), Fuhre f:get a load of umga) hör oder schau dir das mal an!,b) merk dir das!;3. fig Last f, Bürde f:a load of care eine Sorgenlast;his decision took a load off my mind bei seiner Entscheidung fiel mir ein Stein vom Herzen;it is a load off my mind to know that … seitdem ich weiß, dass …, ist mir bedeutend wohler6. ELEK, TECHa) Last f, Belastung f:safe load zulässige Belastung;b) Leistung f7. TECH Ladung f, Füllung f (Beschickungsgut)B v/tbe loaded with coal Kohle geladen haben;a) schwer beladen,b) niederdrücken (a. fig);he is loaded down with responsibilities seine Verpflichtungen lasten schwer auf ihmload up aufladenb) einen Hochofen, Reaktor etc beschicken4. eine Schusswaffe etc laden:load the camera FOTO einen Film (in die Kamera) einlegenload duties on sb jemanden mit Pflichten überhäufen6. sich den Magen überladen:load one’s stomach7. beschweren, schwerer machen, engS. Würfel einseitig beschweren, präparieren:load the dice in sb’s favo(u)r figa) vorteilhaft für jemanden sein,b) jemandem einen Vorteil verschaffen;a) nachteilig für jemanden sein,b) jemanden benachteiligen;the dice are loaded against him alles ist gegen ihn, alles hat sich gegen ihn verschworen8. a) ein Getränk präparierenb) Wein etc panschen9. ELEK pupinisieren, Pupinspulen einbauen in (akk)C v/i2. beladen werden3. (das Gewehr etc) laden, FOTO einen Film einlegen:are you loaded? ist Ihre Waffe geladen?4. geladen werden (Schusswaffe etc):how does this camera load? FOTO wie wird in diese Kamera der Film eingelegt?* * *1. nouna load of [old] rubbish or tripe — (fig. coll.) ein einziger Mist (ugs.)
what a load of rubbish! — was für ein Quatsch (ugs.) od. (ugs. abwertend) Schmarren!
get a load of this! — (coll.) (listen) hör einmal gut od. genau zu! (ugs.); (look) guck mal genau hin! (ugs.)
4) usu. in pl. (coll.): (plenty)2. transitive verbloads of — jede Menge od. massenhaft (ugs.) [Nahrungsmittel usw.]
1) (put load on) beladenload somebody with work — (fig.) jemandem Arbeit auftragen od. (ugs. abwertend) aufhalsen
2) (put as load) laden3)the dice were loaded against him — (fig.) er hatte schlechte Karten
4) (charge) laden [Gewehr]load a camera — einen Film [in einen Fotoapparat] einlegen
6) (strain) schwer belasten3. intransitive verbPhrasal Verbs:- load up* * *n.Druck -e m.Ladung -en f.Last -en m. v.beladen v.belasten v.laden v.(§ p.,pp.: lud, geladen) -
85 Kamera
f; -, -s camera; vor laufender Kamera with the camera running, live to camera; vor der Kamera stehen be on camera* * *die Kameracamera* * *Kạ|me|ra ['kaməra, 'kaːməra]f -, -scamera* * *die1) (an engraved stone with a raised design, used as jewellery.) cameo2) (in television, an apparatus which receives a picture and turns it into electrical impulses for transmitting.) camera* * *Ka·me·ra<-, -s>[ˈkaməra]f cameravor die \Kamera[s] treten to make oneself available to the reportersvor der \Kamera on televisionjdn vor die \Kamera bringen to bring sb in front of the cameradigitale \Kamera digital camera* * *die; Kamera, Kameras camera* * *vor laufender Kamera with the camera running, live to camera;vor der Kamera stehen be on camera* * *die; Kamera, Kameras camera* * *-s f.camera n. -
86 Marey, Etienne-Jules
[br]b. 5 March 1830 Beaune, Franced. 15 May 1904 Paris, France[br]French physiologist and pioneer of chronophotography.[br]At the age of 19 Marey went to Paris to study medicine, becoming particularly interested in the problems of the circulation of the blood. In an early communication to the Académie des Sciences he described a much improved device for recording the pulse, the sphygmograph, in which the beats were recorded on a smoked plate. Most of his subsequent work was concerned with methods of recording movement: to study the movement of the horse, he used pneumatic sensors on each hoof to record traces on a smoked drum; this device became known as the Marey recording tambour. His attempts to study the wing movements of a bird in flight in the same way met with limited success since the recording system interfered with free movement. Reading in 1878 of Muybridge's work in America using sequence photography to study animal movement, Marey considered the use of photography himself. In 1882 he developed an idea first used by the astronomer Janssen: a camera in which a series of exposures could be made on a circular photographic plate. Marey's "photographic gun" was rifle shaped and could expose twelve pictures in approximately one second on a circular plate. With this device he was able to study wing movements of birds in free flight. The camera was limited in that it could record only a small number of images, and in the summer of 1882 he developed a new camera, when the French government gave him a grant to set up a physiological research station on land provided by the Parisian authorities near the Porte d'Auteuil. The new design used a fixed plate, on which a series of images were recorded through a rotating shutter. Looking rather like the results provided by a modern stroboscope flash device, the images were partially superimposed if the subject was slow moving, or separated if it was fast. His human subjects were dressed all in white and moved against a black background. An alternative was to dress the subject in black, with highly reflective strips and points along limbs and at joints, to produce a graphic record of the relationships of the parts of the body during action. A one-second-sweep timing clock was included in the scene to enable the precise interval between exposures to be assessed. The fixed-plate cameras were used with considerable success, but the number of individual records on each plate was still limited. With the appearance of Eastman's Kodak roll-film camera in France in September 1888, Marey designed a new camera to use the long rolls of paper film. He described the new apparatus to the Académie des Sciences on 8 October 1888, and three weeks later showed a band of images taken with it at the rate of 20 per second. This camera and its subsequent improvements were the first true cinematographic cameras. The arrival of Eastman's celluloid film late in 1889 made Marey's camera even more practical, and for over a decade the Physiological Research Station made hundreds of sequence studies of animals and humans in motion, at rates of up to 100 pictures per second. Marey pioneered the scientific study of movement using film cameras, introducing techniques of time-lapse, frame-by-frame and slow-motion analysis, macro-and micro-cinematography, superimposed timing clocks, studies of airflow using smoke streams, and other methods still in use in the 1990s. Appointed Professor of Natural History at the Collège de France in 1870, he headed the Institut Marey founded in 1898 to continue these studies. After Marey's death in 1904, the research continued under the direction of his associate Lucien Bull, who developed many new techniques, notably ultra-high-speed cinematography.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsForeign member of the Royal Society 1898. President, Académie des Sciences 1895.Bibliography1860–1904, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris.1873, La Machine animale, Paris 1874, Animal Mechanism, London.1893, Die Chronophotographie, Berlin. 1894, Le Mouvement, Paris.1895, Movement, London.1899, La Chronophotographie, Paris.Further Reading1905, Travaux de l'Association de l'Institut Marey, Paris. Brian Coe, 1981, History of Movie Photography, London.——1992, Muybridge and the Chronophotographers, London. Jacques Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris.See also: Demenÿ, GeorgesBC / MG -
87 Barnack, Oskar
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1879 Berlin, Germanyd. January 1936 Wetzlar, Germany[br]German camera designer who conceived the first Leica camera and many subsequent models.[br]Oskar Barnack was an optical engineer, introspective and in poor health, when in 1910 he was invited through the good offices of his friend the mechanical engineer Emil Mechau, who worked for Ernst Leitz, to join the company at Wetzlar to work on research into microscope design. He was engaged after a week's trial, and on 2 January 1911 he was put in charge of microscope research. He was an enthusiastic photographer, but excursions with his large and heavy plate camera equipment taxed his strength. In 1912, Mechau was working on a revolutionary film projector design and needed film to test it. Barnack suggested that it was not necessary to buy an expensive commercial machine— why not make one? Leitz agreed, and Barnack constructed a 35 mm movie camera, which he used to cover events in and around Wetzlar.The exposure problems he encountered with the variable sensitivity of the cine film led him to consider the design of a still camera in which short lengths of film could be tested before shooting—a kind of exposure-meter camera. Dissatisfied with the poor picture quality of his first model, which took the standard cine frame of 18×24 mm, he built a new model in which the frame size was doubled to 36×24 mm. It used a simple focal-plane shutter adjustable to 1/500 of a second, and a Zeiss Milar lens of 42 mm focal length. This is what is now known as the UR-Leica. Using his new camera, 1/250 of the weight of his plate equipment, Barnack made many photographs around Wetzlar, giving postcard-sized prints of good quality.Ernst Leitz Junior was lent the camera for his trip in June 1914 to America, where he was urged to put it into production. Visiting George Eastman in Rochester, Leitz passed on Barnack's requests for film of finer grain and better quality. The First World War put an end to the chances of developing the design at that time. As Germany emerged from the postwar chaos, Leitz Junior, then in charge of the firm, took Barnack off microscope work to design prototypes for a commercial model. Leitz's Chief Optician, Max Berek, designed a new lens, the f3.5 Elmax, for the new camera. They settled on the name Leica, and the first production models went on show at the Leipzig Spring Fair in 1925. By the end of the year, 1,000 cameras had been shipped, despite costing about two months' good wages.The Leica camera established 35 mm still photography as a practical proposition, and film manufacturers began to create the special fine-grain films that Barnack had longed for. He continued to improve the design, and a succession of new Leica models appeared with new features, such as interchangeable lenses, coupled range-finders, 250 exposures. By the time of his sudden death in 1936, Barnack's life's work had forever transformed the nature of photography.[br]Further ReadingJ.Borgé and G.Borgé, 1977, Prestige de la, photographie.BC -
88 tube
1) (электронная) лампа; (электронный) прибор2) трубка, труба || придавать трубчатую форму3) заключать в трубу или трубку•- tube of magnetic flux
- acorn tube
- acoustical tube
- air-cooled tube
- aligned-grid tube
- aluminized-screen picture tube
- amplifier tube
- anode-potential-stabilized camera tube
- anode-voltage-stabilized camera tube
- anti-TR tube
- anti-transmit-receive tube
- aperture-grill cathode ray tube
- aperture-grille cathode ray tube
- apple tube
- arc-discharge tube
- ATR tube
- attenuator tube
- backward-wave tube
- traveling-wave tube
- ballast tube
- banana tube
- banana-color tube
- band-ignitor tube
- bantam tube
- Barkhausen tube
- barrier-grid storage tube
- beam-deflection mixer tube
- beam-indexing tube
- beam-power tube
- beam-shaping cathode-ray tube
- beam-storage tube
- beam-switching tube
- bistable-phosphor storage tube
- bogey tube
- boob tube
- boron counter tube
- Braun tube
- Brewster angle tube
- camera tube
- camera storage tube
- cathode-potential-stabilized camera tube
- cathode-ray tube
- cathode-ray charge-storage tube
- cathode-ray storage tube
- cathode-voltage-stabilized camera tube
- cathodochromic dark-trace tube
- catkin tube
- cell-type tube
- character-generation cathode-ray tube
- character-indicator tube
- Charactron tube
- charge-storage tube
- chromatron tube
- coding tube
- coiltube
- cold-cathode tube
- cold-cathode counter tube
- cold-cathode glow-discharge tube
- cold-cathode stepping tube
- color cathode-ray tube
- color-picture tube
- control tube
- converter tube
- cooled-anode tube
- cooled-anode transmitting tube
- Coolidge tube
- corona tube
- counter tube
- coupled-cavity traveling-wave tube
- Crookes tube
- crossed-field tube
- cyclotron-wave tube
- damper tube
- dark-trace tube
- dc-powered tube
- decade counter tube
- deflection-type storage tube
- demountable tube
- density-modulated tube
- detector tube
- diffusion tube
- diffusion-furnace tube
- direct-display storage tube
- directly heated tube
- direct-viewing image tube
- direct-view storage tube
- discharge tube
- disk-seal tube
- display storage tube
- dissector tube
- doorknob tube
- dot matrix tube
- double-beam cathode-ray tube
- double-gun cathode-ray tube
- double-stream backward-wave tube
- draw tube
- drift tube
- driver tube
- dual-deflection tube
- duplex tube
- electrical-signal storage tube
- electric-flux tube
- electromagnetically deflected tube
- electromagnetically focused tube
- electromagnetically focused image tube
- electromagnetic cathode-ray tube
- electromagnetic-deflection cathode-ray tube
- electrometer tube
- electron tube
- electron-beam tube
- electron-beam switch tube with cross fields
- electron-beam switch tube with trochoid beam
- electron-dispersion tube
- electronic flash tube
- electron image tube
- electron-indicator tube
- electron-multiplier tube
- electron-ray tube
- electrostatically deflected tube
- electrostatically focused tube
- electrostatically focused traveling-wave tube
- electrostatic cathode-ray tube
- electrostatic memory tube
- electrostatic printing tube
- electrostatic storage tube
- end-window counter tube
- Eustachian tube
- extended-cutoff tube
- extended-interaction tube
- externally quenched counter tube
- Farnsworth image-dissector tube
- fast-wave tube
- fiber-optics image tube
- flash tube
- flat tube
- flux tube
- fuse tube
- gas tube
- gas-discharge tube
- gas-filled radiation-counter tube
- gas-flow counter tube
- gas rectifier tube
- gassy tube
- gated-beam tube
- Geiger counter tube
- Geiger-Mueller counter tube
- glass tube
- glow tube
- glow-discharge cold-cathode tube
- glow indicator tube
- grid-control tube
- gridded tube
- grid-glow tube
- grid-pool tube
- halogen-quenched counter tube
- hard tube
- heater-type tube
- heat-eye tube
- Heil tube
- helix traveling-wave tube
- high-electron-velocity camera tube
- high-mu tube
- high-power tube
- high-vacuum tube
- high-velocity camera tube
- Hittorf tube
- hodoscope tube
- hollow-cathode tube
- hot-cathode tube
- hot-cathode gas-filled tube
- image tube
- image camera tube
- image-converter tube
- image-dissector tube
- image-intensifier tube
- image orthicon tube
- image storage tube
- indicator tube
- indirectly heated tube
- inductance tube
- induction-output tube
- interference tube
- ionic-heated-cathode tube
- ionization-gage tube
- key tube
- klystron tube
- laser tube
- Lawrence tube
- lighthouse tube
- light-sensitive tube
- linear-beam tube
- line-focus tube
- liquid-flow counter tube
- local-oscillator tube
- low-electron-velocity camera tube
- luminescent-screen tube
- magnetic tube of force
- magnetically beamed tube
- master tube
- McNally tube
- mechanically controlled tube
- memory cathode-ray tube
- mercury tube
- mercury-arc tube
- mercury-pool tube
- mercury-vapor tube
- metal tube
- metal-ceramic disk tube
- microwave tube
- miniature tube
- mixer tube
- monochromatic cathode-ray tube
- monoscope cathode-ray tube
- M-type tube
- multianode tube
- multicolor cathode-ray tube
- multielectrode tube
- multigun tube
- multigun cathode-ray tube
- multiple-collector traveling-wave tube
- multiple-unit tube
- multiplier tube
- multistage tube
- multiunit tube
- negative tube
- Nixie tube
- noise tube
- noise-generator tube
- nonstorage camera tube
- numerical indicator tube
- numerical-readout tube
- optical-relay tube
- organic-quenched counter tube
- oscillating tube
- oscillograph tube
- oscilloscope tube
- O-type tube
- output tube
- overdriven tube
- PDA tube
- peanut tube
- pencil tube
- penetration-control color tube
- pentagrid tube
- phase-tuned tube
- photoconductive storage tube
- photoelectric tube
- photoelectric electron-multiplier tube
- photo erasable dark trace storage tube
- photo erasable dark trace cathode-ray storage tube
- photoflash tube
- photoglow tube
- photomixer image tube
- photomultiplier tube
- photosensitive tube
- pickup tube
- picture tube
- planar ceramic tube
- plasma-cathode traveling-wave tube
- plumbicon tube
- Pockels tube
- pool tube
- pool-cathode tube
- positive tube
- positive-grid oscillator tube
- postdeflection acceleration tube
- power tube
- power-amplifier tube
- pressure-equalizing tube
- pre-TR tube
- projected tube
- projection cathode-ray tube
- proportional counter tube
- protector tube
- pumped tube
- pyroelectric thermal image tube
- radar tube
- radial-beam tube
- radiation counter tube
- radiation-indexing color tube
- radio tube
- range-azimuth tube
- reactance tube
- reaction tube
- recording storage tube
- regulator tube
- remote-cutoff tube
- repeating flash tube
- ring-sealed tube
- rotation-anode tube
- rotation-anode X-ray tube
- scan-converter storage tube
- screen-grid tube
- sealed-off discharge tube
- SEC camera tube
- secondary-electron conduction camera tube
- secondary-emission tube
- self-focused picture tube
- self-pumping traveling-wave tube
- self-quenched counter tube
- self-rectifying X-ray tube
- shadow-mask cathode ray tube
- shadow-mask color-picture tube
- shaped-beam tube
- sharp-cutoff tube
- shielded tube
- shrinkable plastic tube
- signal-generating tube
- silicon camera tube
- silicon diode-array camera tube
- silicon-dioxide storage tube
- silicon intensifier target tube
- single-collector traveling-wave tube
- single-gun color-picture tube
- SIT tube
- situation-display tube
- slave tube
- slot-mask cathode ray tube
- slot-matrix tube
- soft tube
- space-charge tube
- space-charge-wave tube
- split-beam cathode-ray tube
- squelch tube
- stacked-ceramic tube
- storage tube
- storage cathode-ray tube
- storage-type camera tube
- stroboscopic tube
- subminiature tube
- switching tube
- Tamman tube
- television picture tube
- thermionic tube
- thin cathode-ray tube
- thin-wall counter tube
- three-dimensional cathode-ray tube
- three-gap TR tube
- three-gun color-picture tube
- three-neck picture tube
- TR tube
- transmit-receive tube
- transverse-beam traveling-wave tube
- transverse-field traveling-wave tube
- traveling-wave tube
- TR bandpass tube
- tricolor tube
- tricolor-picture tube
- trigger tube
- tungar tube
- vacuum tube
- vacuum fluorescent tube
- vacuum-gage tube
- valve tube
- variable-mu tube
- velocity-modulated tube
- video camera tube
- voltage-amplifier tube
- voltage-reference tube
- voltage-regulator tube
- voltage-stabilizing tube
- voltage-tunable tube
- wall tube
- water-cooled tube
- Williams tube
- window counter tube
- windowless photomultiplier tube
- xenon flash tube
- X-ray tube -
89 Eastman, George
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 12 July 1854 Waterville, New York, USAd. 14 March 1932 Rochester, New York, USA[br]American industrialist and pioneer of popular photography.[br]The young Eastman was a clerk-bookkeeper in the Rochester Savings Bank when in 1877 he took up photography. Taking lessons in the wet-plate process, he became an enthusiastic amateur photographer. However, the cumbersome equipment and noxious chemicals used in the process proved an obstacle, as he said, "It seemed to be that one ought to be able to carry less than a pack-horse load." Then he came across an account of the new gelatine dry-plate process in the British Journal of Photography of March 1878. He experimented in coating glass plates with the new emulsions, and was soon so successful that he decided to go into commercial manufacture. He devised a machine to simplify the coating of the plates, and travelled to England in July 1879 to patent it. In April 1880 he prepared to begin manufacture in a rented building in Rochester, and contacted the leading American photographic supply house, E. \& H.T.Anthony, offering them an option as agents. A local whip manufacturer, Henry A.Strong, invested $1,000 in the enterprise and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was formed on 1 January 1881. Still working at the Savings Bank, he ran the business in his spare time, and demand grew for the quality product he was producing. The fledgling company survived a near disaster in 1882 when the quality of the emulsions dropped alarmingly. Eastman later discovered this was due to impurities in the gelatine used, and this led him to test all raw materials rigorously for quality. In 1884 the company became a corporation, the Eastman Dry Plate \& Film Company, and a new product was announced. Mindful of his desire to simplify photography, Eastman, with a camera maker, William H.Walker, designed a roll-holder in which the heavy glass plates were replaced by a roll of emulsion-coated paper. The holders were made in sizes suitable for most plate cameras. Eastman designed and patented a coating machine for the large-scale production of the paper film, bringing costs down dramatically, the roll-holders were acclaimed by photographers worldwide, and prizes and medals were awarded, but Eastman was still not satisfied. The next step was to incorporate the roll-holder in a smaller, hand-held camera. His first successful design was launched in June 1888: the Kodak camera. A small box camera, it held enough paper film for 100 circular exposures, and was bought ready-loaded. After the film had been exposed, the camera was returned to Eastman's factory, where the film was removed, processed and printed, and the camera reloaded. This developing and printing service was the most revolutionary part of his invention, since at that time photographers were expected to process their own photographs, which required access to a darkroom and appropriate chemicals. The Kodak camera put photography into the hands of the countless thousands who wanted photographs without complications. Eastman's marketing slogan neatly summed up the advantage: "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest." The Kodak camera was the last product in the design of which Eastman was personally involved. His company was growing rapidly, and he recruited the most talented scientists and technicians available. New products emerged regularly—notably the first commercially produced celluloid roll film for the Kodak cameras in July 1889; this material made possible the introduction of cinematography a few years later. Eastman's philosophy of simplifying photography and reducing its costs continued to influence products: for example, the introduction of the one dollar, or five shilling, Brownie camera in 1900, which put photography in the hands of almost everyone. Over the years the Eastman Kodak Company, as it now was, grew into a giant multinational corporation with manufacturing and marketing organizations throughout the world. Eastman continued to guide the company; he pursued an enlightened policy of employee welfare and profit sharing decades before this was common in industry. He made massive donations to many concerns, notably the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and supported schemes for the education of black people, dental welfare, calendar reform, music and many other causes, he withdrew from the day-to-day control of the company in 1925, and at last had time for recreation. On 14 March 1932, suffering from a painful terminal cancer and after tidying up his affairs, he shot himself through the heart, leaving a note: "To my friends: My work is done. Why wait?" Although Eastman's technical innovations were made mostly at the beginning of his career, the organization which he founded and guided in its formative years was responsible for many of the major advances in photography over the years.[br]Further ReadingC.Ackerman, 1929, George Eastman, Cambridge, Mass.B.Coe, 1973, George Eastman and the Early Photographers, London.BC -
90 mira
intj.1 look, look here, listen, behold.2 to tell you the truth.f.1 sight.mira telescópica telescopic sight2 intention.con miras a with a view to, with the intention ofponer la mira o las miras en algo to set one's sights on something3 aim, goal, intention, objective.4 watchtower.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: mirar.* * *1 (dispositivo) sight2 figurado intention\con miras a with a view toestrecho,-a de miras narrow-mindedtener sus miras en algo/alguien to have one's eye on something/somebodymira telescópica telescopic sight* * *SF1) (Mil, Téc) sight2) (=intención) aim, intentiontener miras sobre algo/algn — to have designs on sth/sb
3) pl miras (=actitud)amplio o ancho de miras — (=tolerante) broad-minded
4)estar a la mira — to be on the lookout (de for)
5) (=torre) watchtower; (=puesto) lookout post* * *a) (Arm, Ópt) sightb) (intención, objetivo)tiene la mira puesta en ese cargo — he's set his sights on getting that job
* * *= viewfinder, gun sight [gunsight].Nota: De arma.Ex. Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.Ex. Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.----* en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.* en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.* en + Posesivo + punto de mira = in + Posesivo + sights.* mira telescópica = telescopic sight.* * *a) (Arm, Ópt) sightb) (intención, objetivo)tiene la mira puesta en ese cargo — he's set his sights on getting that job
* * *= viewfinder, gun sight [gunsight].Nota: De arma.Ex: Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.
Ex: Animals give me more pleasure through the viewfinder of a camera than they ever did in the crosshairs of a gun sight.* en el blanco de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.* en el punto de mira = in the spotlight, in the crosshairs.* en + Posesivo + punto de mira = in + Posesivo + sights.* mira telescópica = telescopic sight.* * *Amira telescópica telescopic sight2(intención, objetivo): con miras a reducir los gastos with a view to reducing costsvino con la mira de quedarse unos días he came intending to stay o with the idea of staying (for) a few daystiene la mira puesta en ese cargo he's set his sights on getting that jobsus miras son egoístas his motives are selfishes de una estrechez de miras increíble she has an amazingly narrow o shortsighted outlook (on things)hay que encarar el proyecto con amplitud de miras we have to adopt a broad-minded approach to the projectes muy estrecho de miras he's very narrow-mindedB( RPl) (perspectiva): ¿están por terminar? — ¡ni miras! are you nearly finished? — nowhere near! o you must be joking! ( colloq)llevan tres años de novios pero no tienen miras de casarse they've been going out for three years but they don't have any plans to marry* * *
Del verbo mirar: ( conjugate mirar)
mira es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
mira
mirar
mira sustantivo femeninoa) (Arm, Ópt) sight;b) (intención, objetivo):
con la mira puesta en el porvenir with one's sight set on the future;
es muy estrecho de miras he's very narrow-minded
mirar ( conjugate mirar) verbo transitivo
1
no me mires así don't look at me like that;
mira a algn a los ojos to look sb in the eye;
se me quedó mirando he just stared at me;
miraba distraída por la ventana he was gazing absent-mindedly out of the window;
miraba cómo lo hacía he was watching how she did it;
ir a mira escaparates or (AmL) vidrieras to go window shopping
2 ( fijarse) to look;◊ ¡mira lo que has hecho! look what you've done!;
mira bien que esté apagado make sure o check it's off;
miré a ver si estaba listo I had a look to see if he was ready
3 ( considerar):
lo mires por donde lo mires whatever o whichever way you look at it;
mirándolo bien ( pensándolo detenidamente) all things considered;
( pensándolo mejor) on second thoughts;
mira mal a algn to disapprove of sb
4 (expresando incredulidad, irritación, etc):◊ ¡mira que poner un plato de plástico en el horno …! honestly o really! imagine putting a plastic dish in the oven …! (colloq);
¡mira que eres tacaño! boy, you're mean! (colloq);
¡mira las veces que te lo habré dicho …! the times I've told you!
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en general) to look;
mira por la ventana to look out of the window;
¿miraste bien? did you have a good look?, did you look properly?;
mira atrás to look back
2 ( estar orientado) mira A/HACIA algo [ fachada] to face sth;
[terraza/habitación] to look out over sth, overlook sth;
3
mirarse verbo pronominal
mira sustantivo femenino
1 (pieza de instrumento o arma por donde se mira) sight
mira telescópica, telescopic sight
2 pref pl (intención) plan, intention, sight: hemos estado ahorrando con miras a mandar a Juan a la universidad, we've been saving to send Juan to the university
3 Téc levelling stave/staff/rod
mirar
I verbo transitivo
1 to look at: me miró con preocupación, he looked at me with concern
mirar una palabra en el diccionario, to look up a word in the dictionary
2 (examinar) to watch: miraba la película atentamente, she was watching the film carefully
míralo con atención, look at it carefully
3 (tener cuidado) mira bien con quién andas, be careful of the company you keep
II verbo intransitivo
1 (buscar) miraré en ese rincón, I'll have a look in that corner
2 (cuidar) to look after sb/sthg: mira por tus intereses, she is looking after your interests
3 (estar orientado) to face: la fachada mira al norte, the façade faces north ➣ Ver nota en ver
' mira' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
botija
- espanto
- hablar
- luego
- menear
- mirar
- tener
- venir
English:
be
- beauty
- bright
- eye
- fancy
- look
- look at
- side
- sight
- take
- watch
- about
- this
- what
* * *mira nf1. [en instrumento, arma] sightmira telescópica telescopic sight2. [intención, propósito] intention;con miras a with a view to, with the intention of;celebraron una reunión con miras a llegar a un acuerdo they held a meeting with a view to reaching an agreement;se están preparando con miras a los Juegos Olímpicos they are training with a view to competing in the Olympic Games;ser amplio de miras to be enlightened;ser corto de miras to be short-sighted3. RPmiras [posibilidades] [m5] no hay ni miras de que podamos mudarnos antes del verano there's no chance whatsoever of us being able to move before the summer;no tengo ni miras de que me aumenten el sueldo I haven't the slightest chance o prospect of getting a pay Br rise o US raise* * *f:con miras a with a view to;estar en el punto de mira de alguien be the focus of s.o.’s attention;está en el punto de mira de los Lakers the Lakers have an eye on him* * *mira nf1) : sight (of a firearm or instrument)2) : aim, objectivecon miras a: with the intention of, with a view tode amplias miras: broad- mindedponer la mira en: to aim at, to aspire to -
91 content
I 1. ['kɒntent]1) (relative quantity) contenuto m.low, high lead content — basso, alto contenuto di piombo
2) (meaning) contenuto m.2.1) (of jar, bag, drawer) contenuto m.sing.; (of house, in insurance) beni m. mobili2) (of book, file)II [kən'tent]list o table of contents — sommario, indice
nome (happiness) contentezza f.••III [kən'tent] IV 1. [kən'tent]to do sth. to one's heart's content — fare qcs. per propria soddisfazione personale
verbo transitivo (please) accontentare2.to content oneself with sth., with doing — accontentarsi di qcs., di fare
* * *I 1. [kən'tent] adjective(satisfied; quietly happy: He doesn't want more money - he's content with what he has.)2. noun(the state of being satisfied or quietly happy: You're on holiday - you can lie in the sun to your heart's content.)3. verb(to satisfy: As the TV's broken, you'll have to content yourself with listening to the radio.)- contentedly
- contentment II ['kontent] noun1) (the subject matter (of a book, speech etc): the content of his speech.)2) (the amount of something contained: Oranges have a high vitamin C content.)•- contents* * *content (1) /kənˈtɛnt/a. pred.1 contento; pago; soddisfatto: content with life, pago della propria vita; I'm content with third place, sono soddisfatto di (o mi va bene) essere arrivato terzo; He seemed content with the idea, sembrava d'accordo con l'idea; (iron.) Not content with having ruined our holidays…, non contento di averci rovinato le vacanze…; well content, assai soddisfatto; arcicontento3 (GB, come inter., alla Camera dei Lord) sì; favorevole (cfr. ay alla Camera dei Comuni): not content, no; sfavorevole (cfr. no alla Camera dei Comuni).content (2) /kənˈtɛnt/n.1 [u] contentezza; soddisfazione● to one's heart's content, finché se ne ha voglia; quanto pare e piace; a volontà; a sazietà.♦ content (3) /ˈkɒntɛnt/n.1 (solo sing.) contenuto ( di alimento, sostanza); quantità contenuta: low fat content, basso contenuto di grassi; the lead content of paint, la quantità di piombo contenuta nelle vernici2 (al pl.) contenuto (sing.) ( di recipiente, lettera, ecc.): the contents of a trunk, il contenuto di un baule; She emptied the contents of her bag on the table, ha svuotato la sua borsa sul tavolo; He glanced at the contents of the letter, ha dato una scorsa al contenuto della lettera7 [u] (geom.) volume● (comput.) content management, gestione dei contenuti.(to) content /kənˈtɛnt/v. t.contentare; accontentare; soddisfare; appagare● to content oneself ( with), contentarsi (di); limitarsi (a): He contented himself with threats, non è andato oltre le minacce; He contented himself with uttering a few words, si è limitato a proferire alcune parole.* * *I 1. ['kɒntent]1) (relative quantity) contenuto m.low, high lead content — basso, alto contenuto di piombo
2) (meaning) contenuto m.2.1) (of jar, bag, drawer) contenuto m.sing.; (of house, in insurance) beni m. mobili2) (of book, file)II [kən'tent]list o table of contents — sommario, indice
nome (happiness) contentezza f.••III [kən'tent] IV 1. [kən'tent]to do sth. to one's heart's content — fare qcs. per propria soddisfazione personale
verbo transitivo (please) accontentare2.to content oneself with sth., with doing — accontentarsi di qcs., di fare
-
92 eye
1 noun∎ to have green eyes avoir les yeux verts;∎ a girl with green eyes une fille aux yeux verts;∎ before your very eyes! sous vos yeux!;∎ look me in the eye and say that regarde-moi bien dans les yeux et dis-le moi;∎ I saw it with my own eyes je l'ai vu de mes yeux vu ou de mes propres yeux;∎ to open/close one's eyes ouvrir/fermer les yeux;∎ with one's eyes closed/open les yeux fermés/ouverts;∎ figurative she can't keep her eyes open elle dort debout;∎ I could do it with my eyes closed je pourrais le faire les yeux fermés;∎ he went into it with his eyes open il s'y est lancé en toute connaissance de cause;∎ to have the sun/the light in one's eyes avoir le soleil/la lumière dans les yeux;∎ to look sb straight in the eye regarder qn droit dans les yeux;∎ at eye level au niveau des yeux∎ her eyes fell on the letter son regard est tombé sur la lettre;∎ the film looks at the world through the eyes of a child dans ce film, on voit le monde à travers les yeux d'un enfant;∎ with a critical eye d'un œil critique;∎ I couldn't believe my eyes je n'en croyais pas mes yeux;∎ all eyes were upon her elle était au centre de tous les regards, tous les regards étaient posés sur elle∎ eyes left/right! tête à gauche/à droite!;∎ eyes front! fixe!(e) (of potato, twig) œil m(f) (of hurricane) œil m, centre m;∎ the eye of the storm l'œil du cyclone;∎ figurative at the eye of the storm dans l'œil du cyclone(g) (photocell) œil m électrique∎ as far as the eye can see à perte de vue;∎ to keep one's eyes and ears open avoir l'œil et l'oreille aux aguets;∎ to open sb's eyes (to sth) ouvrir les yeux à qn (sur qch), dessiller les yeux à qn (sur qch);∎ the incident opened his eyes to the truth about her l'incident lui ouvrit les yeux sur ce qu'elle était vraiment;∎ we can't close or shut our eyes to the problem on ne peut pas fermer les yeux sur ce problème;∎ to close one's eyes to the evidence se refuser à l'évidence;∎ they can't close their eyes to the fact that the company's at fault ils sont bien obligés d'admettre que la société est en faute;∎ I could do it with my eyes shut je pourrais le faire les yeux fermés;∎ for your eyes only ultra-confidentiel;∎ in this job you need to have a good eye for detail dans ce métier il faut être très méticuleux;∎ to have an eye for a bargain savoir reconnaître une bonne affaire;∎ British to get one's eye in prendre ses repères;∎ he only has eyes for her il n'a d'yeux que pour elle;∎ the boss has his eye on Smith for the job le patron a Smith en vue pour le poste;∎ he has his eye on the gold medal il vise la médaille d'or;∎ she has her eye on the mayor's position elle vise la mairie;∎ the police have had their eye on him for some time cela fait un certain temps que la police l'a à l'œil;∎ he wants to buy an apartment, in fact he's already got his eye on one il veut acheter un appartement, et d'ailleurs il en a déjà un en vue;∎ he always has an eye for or to the main chance il ne perd jamais de vue ses propres intérêts;∎ in my/her eyes à mes/ses yeux;∎ in the eyes of the law/of the Church aux yeux ou au regard de la loi/de l'Église;∎ to run or to cast one's eye over sth jeter un coup d'œil à qch;∎ she ran an eye over the contract elle a parcouru le contrat;∎ to try to catch sb's eye essayer d'attirer le regard de qn;∎ keep your eye on the ball fixez ou regardez bien la balle;∎ could you keep your eye on the children/the house? pourriez-vous surveiller les enfants/la maison?;∎ I have to keep an eye on him il faut que je l'aie à l'œil;∎ I couldn't keep my eyes off him/it je ne pouvais pas en détacher mes yeux;∎ she keeps an eye on things elle a l'œil à tout;∎ to keep a close eye on sth surveiller qch de près;∎ keep an eye on the situation suivez de près la situation;∎ to keep one's eye on the ball (gen) ne pas quitter la balle des yeux; Golf fixer la balle; figurative être vigilant;∎ keep your eyes on the road regarde la route;∎ to keep one's eye open for sth être attentif à qch;∎ keep your eyes open or an eye out for a filling station essayez de repérer une station service;∎ keep an eye out for anyone trying to sell it soyez à l'affût au cas où quelqu'un essaierait de le vendre;∎ familiar keep your eyes skinned or peeled restez vigilant□ ;∎ you can see that with half an eye cela saute aux yeux;∎ anyone with half an eye can see it's a fake du premier coup d'œil n'importe qui verrait que c'est un faux;∎ with half an eye on the weather sans quitter le ciel des yeux;∎ the children were all eyes les enfants n'en perdaient pas une miette;∎ an eye for an eye (and a tooth for a tooth) œil pour œil, (dent pour dent);∎ his eyes are too big for his stomach il a les yeux plus grands que le ventre;∎ familiar to give sb the eye (flirt) faire de l'œil à qn; (give signal) faire signe à qn (d'un clin d'œil)□ ;∎ he has eyes in the back of his head il a des yeux derrière la tête;∎ to set or lay eyes on sth poser les yeux sur qch, apercevoir qch;∎ it was the biggest fish I'd ever laid eyes on c'était le plus gros poisson que j'aie jamais vu;∎ I've never set or laid or familiar clapped eyes on her je ne l'ai jamais vue de ma vie;∎ to make eyes at sb faire de l'œil à qn;∎ familiar my eye! mon œil!;∎ she and I don't see eye to eye (disagree) elle ne voit pas les choses du même œil que moi, elle n'est pas de mon avis; (dislike one another) elle et moi, nous ne nous entendons pas;∎ familiar that's one in the eye for him! ça lui fera les pieds!;∎ there's more to this than meets the eye (suspicious) on ne connaît pas les dessous de l'affaire; (difficult) c'est moins simple que cela n'en a l'air;∎ there's more to her than meets the eye elle gagne à être connue;∎ we're up to our eyes in it! (overworked) on a du travail jusque là!; (in deep trouble) on est dans les ennuis jusqu'au cou!regarder, mesurer du regard;∎ the child eyed the man warily l'enfant dévisagea l'homme avec circonspection;∎ she stood eyeing the sweets counter elle restait là à lorgner les bonbons;∎ to eye sth hungrily dévorer qch du regard;∎ to eye sb up and down regarder qn de la tête aux pieds∎ with an eye to sth/to doing sth en vue de qch/de faire qch;∎ with an eye to the future en vue ou en prévision de l'avenir►► eye bank banque f des yeux;eye camera caméra f oculaire;eye contact croisement m des regards;∎ to establish eye contact (with sb) croiser le regard (de qn);∎ to maintain eye contact (with sb) regarder (qn) dans les yeux;∎ she always avoids eye contact (with me) elle évite tout le temps mon regard;American eye doctor ophtalmologue mf;eye drops gouttes fpl pour les yeux;eye hospital centre m hospitalier d'ophtalmologie;eye makeup maquillage m pour les yeux;eye makeup remover démaquillant m pour les yeux;eye movement camera caméra f oculaire;eye rhyme rime f pour l'œil;eye socket orbite f;eye specialist ophtalmologue mf;eye test examen m de la vue∎ to eye up the girls/boys reluquer les filles/les garçons;∎ he eyed her up il la regardée de la tête aux pieds(b) (estimate strength of → opponent) jauger (d'un coup d'œil)ⓘ Eyes on the prize Il s'agit d'une phrase extraite d'une chanson du mouvement pour les droits civils, aux États-Unis: "I know one thing we did right/Was the day we started to fight/Keep your eyes on the prize/Hold on, hold on" ("je sais que l'on a eu raison d'entamer la lutte, ne perdez jamais votre objectif de vue, tenez bon, tenez bon"). Cette phrase symbolise la lutte menée par le mouvement pour les droits civils en Amérique et figure dans de nombreux titres de livres et de films. On l'utilise également dans toute situation où des gens luttent pour l'obtention de droits civils, quel que soit le pays. En anglais américain, on utilise aussi cette expression de façon allusive lorsque quelqu'un doit se concentrer sur l'objectif à atteindre; on dira par exemple this year the Pistons need to keep their eyes firmly on the prize of the championship ("cette année les Pistons doivent faire tout leur possible pour gagner le championnat"). -
93 Talbot, William Henry Fox
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 11 February 1800 Melbury, Englandd. 17 September 1877 Lacock, Wiltshire, England[br]English scientist, inventor of negative—positive photography and practicable photo engraving.[br]Educated at Harrow, where he first showed an interest in science, and at Cambridge, Talbot was an outstanding scholar and a formidable mathematician. He published over fifty scientific papers and took out twelve English patents. His interests outside the field of science were also wide and included Assyriology, etymology and the classics. He was briefly a Member of Parliament, but did not pursue a parliamentary career.Talbot's invention of photography arose out of his frustrating attempts to produce acceptable pencil sketches using popular artist's aids, the camera discura and camera lucida. From his experiments with the former he conceived the idea of placing on the screen a paper coated with silver salts so that the image would be captured chemically. During the spring of 1834 he made outline images of subjects such as leaves and flowers by placing them on sheets of sensitized paper and exposing them to sunlight. No camera was involved and the first images produced using an optical system were made with a solar microscope. It was only when he had devised a more sensitive paper that Talbot was able to make camera pictures; the earliest surviving camera negative dates from August 1835. From the beginning, Talbot noticed that the lights and shades of his images were reversed. During 1834 or 1835 he discovered that by placing this reversed image on another sheet of sensitized paper and again exposing it to sunlight, a picture was produced with lights and shades in the correct disposition. Talbot had discovered the basis of modern photography, the photographic negative, from which could be produced an unlimited number of positives. He did little further work until the announcement of Daguerre's process in 1839 prompted him to publish an account of his negative-positive process. Aware that his photogenic drawing process had many imperfections, Talbot plunged into further experiments and in September 1840, using a mixture incorporating a solution of gallic acid, discovered an invisible latent image that could be made visible by development. This improved calotype process dramatically shortened exposure times and allowed Talbot to take portraits. In 1841 he patented the process, an exercise that was later to cause controversy, and between 1844 and 1846 produced The Pencil of Nature, the world's first commercial photographically illustrated book.Concerned that some of his photographs were prone to fading, Talbot later began experiments to combine photography with printing and engraving. Using bichromated gelatine, he devised the first practicable method of photo engraving, which was patented as Photoglyphic engraving in October 1852. He later went on to use screens of gauze, muslin and finely powdered gum to break up the image into lines and dots, thus anticipating modern photomechanical processes.Talbot was described by contemporaries as the "Father of Photography" primarily in recognition of his discovery of the negative-positive process, but he also produced the first photomicrographs, took the first high-speed photographs with the aid of a spark from a Leyden jar, and is credited with proposing infra-red photography. He was a shy man and his misguided attempts to enforce his calotype patent made him many enemies. It was perhaps for this reason that he never received the formal recognition from the British nation that his family felt he deserved.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS March 1831. Royal Society Rumford Medal 1842. Grand Médaille d'Honneur, L'Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1855. Honorary Doctorate of Laws, Edinburgh University, 1863.Bibliography1839, "Some account of the art of photographic drawing", Royal Society Proceedings 4:120–1; Phil. Mag., XIV, 1839, pp. 19–21.8 February 1841, British patent no. 8842 (calotype process).1844–6, The Pencil of Nature, 6 parts, London (Talbot'a account of his invention can be found in the introduction; there is a facsimile edn, with an intro. by Beamont Newhall, New York, 1968.Further ReadingH.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London.D.B.Thomas, 1964, The First Negatives, London (a lucid concise account of Talbot's photograph work).J.Ward and S.Stevenson, 1986, Printed Light, Edinburgh (an essay on Talbot's invention and its reception).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1977, The History of Photography, London (a wider picture of Talbot, based primarily on secondary sources).JWBiographical history of technology > Talbot, William Henry Fox
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94 máquina
f.1 machine, engine, piece of machinery.2 railway engine.3 car.* * *1 (gen) machine2 (de un tren) engine3 figurado machinery4 (expendedora) vending machine\a toda máquina at full blastcoser a máquina to use a sewing machine, sew on a sewing machineescribir a máquina to type, typewritemáquina de afeitar shaver, electric razormáquina de coser sewing machinemáquina de escribir typewritermáquina de fotos / máquina fotográfica cameramáquina de lavar washing machinemáquina de tabaco cigarette machinemáquina de tricotar knitting machinemáquina de vapor steam enginemáquina tragaperras slot machine* * *noun f.1) machine2) engine* * *SF1) (=aparato) [gen] machine•
escribir a máquina — to type•
escrito a máquina — typed, typewritten•
hecho a máquina — machine-made•
pasar algo a máquina — to type sth (up)máquina copiadora — copier, copying machine
máquina cosechadora — combine harvester, combine
máquina de afeitar — razor, safety razor
máquina de afeitar eléctrica — electric razor, shaver
máquina de bolas — * pinball machine
máquina de tabaco — * cigarette machine
máquina de tejer, máquina de tricotar — knitting machine
máquina excavadora — mechanical digger, steam shovel (EEUU)
máquina quitanieves — snowplough, snowplow (EEUU)
máquina registradora — LAm cash register
máquina tragaperras — fruit machine, one-armed bandit; (Com) vending machine
2) (Transportes) [de tren] engine, locomotive; (=moto) * motorbike; CAm, Cuba (=coche) car; (=taxi) taxi3) (Fot) camera4) (Pol) machine5) (=maquinaria) machinery, workings pl ; (=plan) scheme of things* * *1)a) ( aparato) machine¿se puede lavar a máquina? — can it be machine-washed?
¿me pasas esto a máquina? — would you type this (up) for me?
b) (Jueg) fruit machine; (Fot) camerac) ( de café) coffee machine2)a) (Náut) enginea toda máquina — at top speed, flat out (colloq)
b) (Ferr) engine, locomotivec) (Ven fam) ( auto) car3) ( organización) machine* * *= machine.Ex. Synonyms, related terms and other variants must now be collected, either by human selection, or with the aid of the machine.----* acabado a máquina = machine-finished.* aprendizaje de la máquina = machine learning (ML).* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* borrador escrito a máquina = typewritten draft.* Catalogación Legible por Máquina (MARC) = MARC (Machine Readable Cataloguing).* datos legibles por máquina = machine-readable data.* de escritura a máquina = typing.* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.* documento legible por máquina = machine readable document.* encargado de la máquina de imprimir = machine-minder.* en la dirección de la máquina = machine-direction.* entre la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.* escribir a máquina = type.* escrito a máquina = typewritten.* escritura a máquina = typewriting.* formato legible por máquina = machine-readable form, machine readable format, machine scannable format.* hecho a máquina = machine-made.* joven ayudante del encargado de la máquina de imprimir = machine boy.* legible por máquina = machine-readable.* máquina continua de papel = paper-making machine.* máquina de afeitar = shaver, electrical razor, electric shaver.* máquina de alzar = gathering machine.* máquina de andar o correr estática = treadmill.* máquina de cepillar = planing machine.* máquina de componer en caliente = hot-metal composing machine, hot-metal machine.* maquina de componer en frío = cold-metal machine, cold-metal composing machine.* máquina de cortar en rebanadas = slicer.* máquina de coser = sewing machine.* máquina de coser libros = book-sewing machine.* máquina de cotejar = collating machine.* máquina de discos = jukebox.* máquina de encartonar = casing-in machine.* máquina de escribir = typewriter.* máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.* máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.* máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.* máquina de escribir libros = book-writing machine.* máquina de estampar en relieve = embossing machine.* máquina de estampar tela en relieve = cloth-embossing machine.* máquina de fábrica = manufacturing equipment.* máquina de fabricación = manufacturing equipment.* máquina de fabricar tapas = casemaking machine.* máquina de fax = fax machine.* máquina de franquear = franking machine.* maquina de grapar libros = book-stapling machine.* máquina de imprenta = printing machine.* maquina de imprimir con mecanismo de reiteración = perfector.* máquina de imprimir direcciones = addressograph, addressing machine.* máquina de matar = killing machine.* máquina de papel continuo = newsprint machine.* máquina de perforar papeles = desk punch.* máquina de presión plana = platen jobber, platen, platen machine, flat-platen machine.* máquina de recortar con cuchilla recta = straight-knife trimming machine.* máquina de registro de préstamos por medio de la fotografía = photocharger, photocharging machine.* máquina de reiteración = perfecting machine.* máquina de sumar = adding machine.* máquina de tambor = tumbler machine.* máquina de tejer = knitting machine.* máquina de torno = nipping machine.* máquina de vapor = steam engine.* máquina excavadora = excavator.* máquina expendedora = vending machine.* máquina expendedora de sellos = stamp dispenser.* maquina expendora = dispensing machine.* máquina Fourdrinier = Fourdrinier machine.* máquina Fourdrinier de papel continuo = newsprint Fourdrinier.* máquina fundidora de tipos = typecasting machine.* máquina gofradora = cloth-embossing machine, embossing machine.* máquina industrial = manufacturing equipment.* máquina para leer = reading machine.* máquina pensante = reasoning engine.* máquina planográfica = platen machine.* máquina que funciona con monedas = coin-operated machine.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* máquina redonda = mould machine.* máquina rotativa = cylinder machine.* máquinas plegadoras = folding machinery.* máquina tragaperras = slot machine, fruit machine, one-arm(ed) bandit.* montador de máquinas = machine setter.* papel a mano-máquina = mouldmade paper.* papel hecho a máquina = machine-made paper.* papel verjurado hecho a máquina = machine-made laid paper.* posible de ser consultado por máquina = machine-viewable.* sala de máquinas = machine room.* seleccionado por máquina = machine-selected.* taller de máquinas = machine shop.* terminado a máquina = machine-finished.* texto escrito a máquina = typescript.* texto legible por máquina = machine readable text.* * *1)a) ( aparato) machine¿se puede lavar a máquina? — can it be machine-washed?
¿me pasas esto a máquina? — would you type this (up) for me?
b) (Jueg) fruit machine; (Fot) camerac) ( de café) coffee machine2)a) (Náut) enginea toda máquina — at top speed, flat out (colloq)
b) (Ferr) engine, locomotivec) (Ven fam) ( auto) car3) ( organización) machine* * *= machine.Ex: Synonyms, related terms and other variants must now be collected, either by human selection, or with the aid of the machine.
* acabado a máquina = machine-finished.* aprendizaje de la máquina = machine learning (ML).* a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* borrador escrito a máquina = typewritten draft.* Catalogación Legible por Máquina (MARC) = MARC (Machine Readable Cataloguing).* datos legibles por máquina = machine-readable data.* de escritura a máquina = typing.* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.* documento legible por máquina = machine readable document.* encargado de la máquina de imprimir = machine-minder.* en la dirección de la máquina = machine-direction.* entre la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.* escribir a máquina = type.* escrito a máquina = typewritten.* escritura a máquina = typewriting.* formato legible por máquina = machine-readable form, machine readable format, machine scannable format.* hecho a máquina = machine-made.* joven ayudante del encargado de la máquina de imprimir = machine boy.* legible por máquina = machine-readable.* máquina continua de papel = paper-making machine.* máquina de afeitar = shaver, electrical razor, electric shaver.* máquina de alzar = gathering machine.* máquina de andar o correr estática = treadmill.* máquina de cepillar = planing machine.* máquina de componer en caliente = hot-metal composing machine, hot-metal machine.* maquina de componer en frío = cold-metal machine, cold-metal composing machine.* máquina de cortar en rebanadas = slicer.* máquina de coser = sewing machine.* máquina de coser libros = book-sewing machine.* máquina de cotejar = collating machine.* máquina de discos = jukebox.* máquina de encartonar = casing-in machine.* máquina de escribir = typewriter.* máquina de escribir de margarita = daisy-wheel typewriter.* máquina de escribir de pelota de golf = golf-ball typewriter.* máquina de escribir eléctrica = electric typewriter, electronic typewriter.* máquina de escribir libros = book-writing machine.* máquina de estampar en relieve = embossing machine.* máquina de estampar tela en relieve = cloth-embossing machine.* máquina de fábrica = manufacturing equipment.* máquina de fabricación = manufacturing equipment.* máquina de fabricar tapas = casemaking machine.* máquina de fax = fax machine.* máquina de franquear = franking machine.* maquina de grapar libros = book-stapling machine.* máquina de imprenta = printing machine.* maquina de imprimir con mecanismo de reiteración = perfector.* máquina de imprimir direcciones = addressograph, addressing machine.* máquina de matar = killing machine.* máquina de papel continuo = newsprint machine.* máquina de perforar papeles = desk punch.* máquina de presión plana = platen jobber, platen, platen machine, flat-platen machine.* máquina de recortar con cuchilla recta = straight-knife trimming machine.* máquina de registro de préstamos por medio de la fotografía = photocharger, photocharging machine.* máquina de reiteración = perfecting machine.* máquina de sumar = adding machine.* máquina de tambor = tumbler machine.* máquina de tejer = knitting machine.* máquina de torno = nipping machine.* máquina de vapor = steam engine.* máquina excavadora = excavator.* máquina expendedora = vending machine.* máquina expendedora de sellos = stamp dispenser.* maquina expendora = dispensing machine.* máquina Fourdrinier = Fourdrinier machine.* máquina Fourdrinier de papel continuo = newsprint Fourdrinier.* máquina fundidora de tipos = typecasting machine.* máquina gofradora = cloth-embossing machine, embossing machine.* máquina industrial = manufacturing equipment.* máquina para leer = reading machine.* máquina pensante = reasoning engine.* máquina planográfica = platen machine.* máquina que funciona con monedas = coin-operated machine.* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.* máquina redonda = mould machine.* máquina rotativa = cylinder machine.* máquinas plegadoras = folding machinery.* máquina tragaperras = slot machine, fruit machine, one-arm(ed) bandit.* montador de máquinas = machine setter.* papel a mano-máquina = mouldmade paper.* papel hecho a máquina = machine-made paper.* papel verjurado hecho a máquina = machine-made laid paper.* posible de ser consultado por máquina = machine-viewable.* sala de máquinas = machine room.* seleccionado por máquina = machine-selected.* taller de máquinas = machine shop.* terminado a máquina = machine-finished.* texto escrito a máquina = typescript.* texto legible por máquina = machine readable text.* * *A1 (aparato) machineuna máquina para hacer pasta a pasta-making machinemáquina expendedora de bebidas drinks machine¿sabes coser a máquina? do you know how to use a sewing machine?esto hay que coserlo a máquina this will have to be sewn on the machine¿se puede lavar a máquina? can it be machine-washed?no sé escribir a máquina I can't type¿me pasas esto a máquina? would you type this (up) for me?2 ( Jueg) fruit machine3 (cámara) camera4 (de café) coffee machineCompuestos:calculatorsewing machinejukeboxtypewriterone-armed bandit, fruit machineknitting machinewashing machinesnow machineweight machine● máquina de tricotar or tejerknitting machinewind machineclimbing machinevending machine( Esp) ticket machine( AmL) ticket machineslot machine, fruit machine( Col) slot machine, fruit machine( Esp) slot machine, fruit machineB1 ( Náut) enginea toda máquina at top speed, flat out ( colloq)2 ( Ferr) engine, locomotiveC (organización) machinela máquina del partido the party machine* * *
Del verbo maquinar: ( conjugate maquinar)
maquina es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
maquinar
máquina
maquinar ( conjugate maquinar) verbo transitivo
to plot, scheme
máquina sustantivo femenino
1
◊ ¿se puede lavar a máquina? can it be machine-washed?;
escribir a máquina to type;
máquina de afeitar safety razor;
( eléctrica) electric razor, shaver;◊ máquina de coser/lavar sewing/washing machine;
máquina de escribir typewriter;
máquina expendedora vending machine;
máquina tragamonedas or (Esp) tragaperras slot machine, fruit machineb) (Jueg) fruit machine;
(Fot) camera
2a) (Ferr, Náut) engine
maquinar verbo transitivo to scheme, plot
máquina sustantivo femenino
1 machine: los botones están cosidos a máquina, the buttons are sewn on by machine
máquina de coser/tabaco, sewing/cigarette machine
máquina de escribir, typewriter
máquina tragaperras, fruit machine
2 fam (coche) car
♦ Locuciones: a toda máquina, at full speed
' máquina' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- agarrotarse
- carro
- cinta
- copiar
- de
- deterioro
- eje
- escribir
- estropear
- estropearse
- expendedor
- expendedora
- fastidiarse
- foto
- frenar
- imprenta
- ingenio
- joderse
- lubricación
- lubrificación
- mano
- margarita
- montaje
- operador
- operadora
- oprimir
- parada
- parado
- probar
- quitanieves
- rebanar
- recambio
- rendimiento
- reparar
- sacar
- segadora
- tabulador
- teclado
- teclear
- zumbar
- activar
- agarrotar
- alimentación
- alimentar
- aparato
- arreglo
- averiado
- batidor
- caja
English:
act up
- action
- adjust
- adjustment
- antiquated
- assemble
- behave
- behavior
- behaviour
- blade
- break
- break down
- broken
- bulldozer
- camera
- control
- custom
- daisywheel
- dead
- dependable
- disable
- dispenser
- efficiency
- efficient
- electronic
- frame
- fruit machine
- go off
- go on
- handle
- harvester
- high-powered
- hum
- idle
- idleness
- jukebox
- loud
- machine
- machine code
- machine-washable
- maintain
- one-armed bandit
- operate
- operation
- operator
- order
- output
- pack up
- performance
- play up
* * *máquina nf1. [aparato] machine;coser a máquina to machine-sew;escribir a máquina to type;escrito a máquina typewritten;hecho a máquina machine-made;lavar a máquina to machine-wash;pasar algo a máquina to type sth out o up;Famser una máquina [muy rápido, muy bueno] to be a powerhousemáquina de afeitar electric razor;máquina de bebidas drinks machine, US drink vending machine;máquina de café (espresso) coffee machine;máquina de cambios change machine;máquina de coser sewing-machine;máquina de discos [en bar] jukebox;máquina destructora de documentos document shredder;máquina de escribir typewriter;máquina expendedora vending machine;máquina fotográfica camera;máquina de fotos camera;máquina herramienta machine tool;máquina de oficina office machine;máquina quitanieves snowplough;máquina registradora cash register;máquina de tabaco cigarette machine;máquina del tiempo time machine;máquina voladora flying machinemáquina de azar slot machine, Br fruit machine;máquina de marcianos Space Invaders® machine;máquina recreativa arcade machine;Am máquina tragamonedas slot machine, Br fruit machine; Esp máquina tragaperras slot machine, Br fruit machine3. [locomotora] enginemáquina de vapor steam engine4. [en buque] engine;sala de máquinas engine room;también Figa toda máquina at full pelt o tilt;Figno fuerces la máquina don't overdo it5. [de estado, partido] machinery[bicicleta] bike; [automóvil] wheels, Br motor* * *f1 machine2 FERR locomotive;a toda máquina at top speed3 C.Am., Caribcar4:pasar algo a máquina type sth* * *máquina nf1) : machinemáquina de coser: sewing machinemáquina de escribir: typewriter2) locomotora: engine, locomotive3) : machine (in politics)4)a toda máquina : at full speed* * *máquina n1. (en general) machine2. (tren) engine -
95 letto
1. past part vedere leggere2. m bedletto a una piazza single bedletto matrimoniale double bedandare a letto go to bedessere a letto be in bed* * *letto s.m.1 bed: letto a una piazza, single bed; letto a due piazze, double bed; letti gemelli, twin beds; letto a castello, bunk bed; letto da campo, camp bed; letto di ferro, iron bedstead; letto di piume, feather bed; letto elastico, spring bed; letto pieghevole, folding bed; camera a un letto, room with a single bed; camera a due letti, room with two beds; camera da letto, bedroom; compagno di letto, bedfellow; divano letto, divan bed; vagone letto, sleeping car (o sleeper); andare a letto, to go to bed: è ora di andare a letto, it's bedtime; andare a letto con qlcu., (avere rapporti sessuali) to go to bed with s.o.; fare, disfare il letto, to make, to strip the bed; essere a letto, to be in bed; mettere un bambino a letto, to put a child to bed // saltare giù dal letto, to jump (o to spring) out of bed // morire nel proprio letto, to die in one's bed (o to die a natural death) // essere inchiodato a un letto, to be confined to bed // sei cascato dal letto stamattina!, (fig.) you're up with the lark today! // sdraiarsi su un letto di foglie, to lie down on a bed of leaves // figlio di primo letto, child of one's first marriage // letto di dolore, bed of pain; letto di morte, deathbed // letto di Procuste, bed of Procustes // un letto di rose, (fig.) a bed of roses; essere in un letto di spine, (fig.) to be on a bed of thorns (o in serious trouble) // chi va a letto senza cena, tutta notte si dimena, (prov.) he who goes to bed supperless, tumbles and tosses all night2 (med.) bed: letto capillare, capillary bed; letto dell'unghia, nail-bed3 (agr.): letto caldo, hotbed4 (geol., miner.) footwall5 (geogr.) bed, streambed: letto di fiume, riverbed; letto asciutto di lago salato, salt flat6 (chim.) letto di fusione, hearth; letto fluidizzato, fluidized bed.* * *['lɛtto]sostantivo maschile1) bedletto a una piazza o singolo single bed; letto a due piazze, matrimoniale double bed; andare a letto to go to bed; è ora di andare a letto it's time for bed o bedtime; andare a letto con qcn. to go to bed with sb.; mettersi a letto to get into bed, to bed down; (per malattia) to take to one's bed; a letto in bed; essere costretto a letto [ malato] to be bedridden o confined to bed; fare, disfare il letto to make, strip down the bed; (posto) letto bed; un albergo con 300 posti letto a hotel that sleeps 300; camera a un letto, a due -i single, double bedroom; figli dello stesso, di primo letto — children of the same, first marriage
2) (di corso d'acqua) bed3) (strato) bed, layer•letto da campo — camp bed, cot AE
letto di dolore — lett. bed of pain
letto estraibile — truckle BE o trundle AE bed
••andare a letto con le galline — to go to bed o turn in early
* * *letto/'lεtto/sostantivo m.1 bed; letto a una piazza o singolo single bed; letto a due piazze, matrimoniale double bed; andare a letto to go to bed; è ora di andare a letto it's time for bed o bedtime; andare a letto con qcn. to go to bed with sb.; mettersi a letto to get into bed, to bed down; (per malattia) to take to one's bed; a letto in bed; essere costretto a letto [ malato] to be bedridden o confined to bed; fare, disfare il letto to make, strip down the bed; (posto) letto bed; un albergo con 300 posti letto a hotel that sleeps 300; camera a un letto, a due -i single, double bedroom; figli dello stesso, di primo letto children of the same, first marriage2 (di corso d'acqua) bed3 (strato) bed, layer; un letto di foglie a bed of leavesandare a letto con le galline to go to bed o turn in early\letto a baldacchino four-poster (bed); letto da campo camp bed, cot AE; letto a castello bunk bed; letto coniugale marriage bed; letto di dolore lett. bed of pain; letto estraibile truckle BE o trundle AE bed; letto di morte deathbed; letto di rose bed of roses; letto di spine bed of nails; - i gemelli twin beds. -
96 dig
I 1. [dɪg]1) (poke) spintone m., colpo m.; (with elbow) gomitata f.; (with fist) pugno m.to get in a dig at sb. — lanciare una frecciata a qcn
3) archeol. scavi m.pl.2. II 1. [dɪg]1) (excavate) scavare [trench, tunnel]2) agr. zappare [garden, plot]; archeol. scavare, fare degli scavi in [ site]3) (extract) cavare [ potatoes]; raccogliere [ root crops]; estrarre [coal, turf] ( out of da)5) AE colloq. (like)2.1) (excavate) scavare ( into in; for alla ricerca di, per cercare); agr. zappare; archeol. scavare, fare degli scavi3) (penetrate)to dig into — [springs, thorns] piantarsi, conficcarsi
•- dig in- dig out- dig up* * *[diɡ] 1. present participle - digging; verb1) (to turn up (earth) with a spade etc: to dig the garden.) scavare2) (to make (a hole) in this way: The child dug a tunnel in the sand.) scavare3) (to poke: He dug his brother in the ribs with his elbow.) colpire2. noun(a poke: a dig in the ribs; I knew that his remarks about women drivers were a dig at me (= a joke directed at me).) colpo; frecciata- digger- dig out
- dig up* * *dig /dɪg/n.1 (archeol.) scavo3 (fig. fam.) frecciatina; battutina: He can never resist a dig at her parents, non può mai trattenersi dal lanciare una frecciatina ai suoi genitori; to have a dig at sb. [st.], fare una battutina su q. [qc.]4 (pl.) (fam. antiq. GB) camera d'affitto; alloggio♦ (to) dig /dɪg/(pass. e p. p. dug)A v. t.1 scavare; estrarre ( dal suolo): He dug a hole in the ground, ha scavato una buca in terra; to dig a trench [a grave, a tunnel, a ditch], scavare una trincea [una tomba, una galleria, un fosso]; to dig coal, estrarre carbone; to dig potatoes, cavare le patate ( scavando)3 conficcare; piantare: He dug his elbow into my ribs, mi ha piantato il gomito nelle costole; He dug the spurs into the horse's sides, ha piantato gli speroni nei fianchi del cavallo4 (pop. antiq.) apprezzare; capire: to dig girls, apprezzare le donne; I can dig that, lo capisco; You dig?, capisci?B v. i.1 fare uno scavo; vangare2 ( anche fig.) scavare: to dig for gold, scavare in cerca d'oro; cercare l'oro; They dug down several metres and found water, hanno scavato per alcuni metri e hanno trovato l'acqua; They dug through 6 feet of solid rock, hanno fatto un buco di 6 piedi nella roccia solida; They spent months digging through the archives, hanno passato mesi a scavare negli archivi● to dig deep, far prova di generosità, elargire con generosità; (fig.) fare ricerche approfondite □ (fig.) to dig one's own grave, scavarsi la fossa con le proprie mani □ to dig sb. in the ribs, dare una gomitata (o una ditata) nelle costole a q. □ (fig.) to dig a hole for oneself, darsi la zappa sui piedi (fig.) □ to dig (up) the dirt (on sb.), cercare di scoprire informazioni compromettenti (su q.).* * *I 1. [dɪg]1) (poke) spintone m., colpo m.; (with elbow) gomitata f.; (with fist) pugno m.to get in a dig at sb. — lanciare una frecciata a qcn
3) archeol. scavi m.pl.2. II 1. [dɪg]1) (excavate) scavare [trench, tunnel]2) agr. zappare [garden, plot]; archeol. scavare, fare degli scavi in [ site]3) (extract) cavare [ potatoes]; raccogliere [ root crops]; estrarre [coal, turf] ( out of da)5) AE colloq. (like)2.1) (excavate) scavare ( into in; for alla ricerca di, per cercare); agr. zappare; archeol. scavare, fare degli scavi3) (penetrate)to dig into — [springs, thorns] piantarsi, conficcarsi
•- dig in- dig out- dig up -
97 seguridad
f.1 safety (ausencia de peligro).de seguridad safety (cinturón, cierre)seguridad en el trabajo safety at work o in the workplaceseguridad vial road safety2 security.seguridad ciudadana public safetyseguridad Social Social Security3 security (guardias).4 security (estabilidad, firmeza).una inversión que ofrece seguridad a safe o secure investment5 certainty (certidumbre).con seguridad for sure, definitelycon toda seguridad with absolute certaintytener la seguridad de que to be certain that6 confidence (confianza).habla con mucha seguridad she speaks very confidentlyseguridad en sí mismo self-confidencemostrar una falsa seguridad to put on a show of confidence7 assurance, guaranty.8 self-reliance, firmness, positiveness, assurance.* * *1 (gen) security2 (física) safety3 (certeza) certainty, sureness4 (confianza) confidence5 (organismo) security6 (fiabilidad) reliability\con toda seguridad most probablyde seguridad securityen la seguridad de que... in the safe knowledge that...hablar con seguridad to speak with confidencetener la seguridad de que... to be certain that..., be sure that...seguridad en sí mismo,-a self-confidenceseguridad financiera financial securityseguridad social ≈ National Health Service* * *noun f.1) security2) assurance, certainty3) confidence* * *SF1) (=falta de riesgo)a) [ante accidente, peligro] safety; [ante delito, atentado] securitypara mayor seguridad recomendamos el uso de la mascarilla — for safety's sake we recommend that you use a mask
•
cinturón de seguridad — safety belt•
empresa de seguridad — security company•
medidas de seguridad — [ante accidente, incendio] safety measures; [ante delito, atentado] security measuresb) [económica] securityhasta que no tenga trabajo no tendrá seguridad económica — until he has a job he won't have any financial security
c) (Mil, Pol) security•
consejo de seguridad — security council2)seguridad ciudadana — the security of the public from crime
seguridad del Estado — national security, state security
seguridad social — (=sistema de pensiones y paro) social security, welfare (EEUU); (=contribuciones) national insurance; (=sistema médico) national health service, ≈ NHS
3) (=sensación) [de no tener peligro] security; [de confianza] confidence, assurancehabla con mucha seguridad — he speaks with great confidence o assurance
seguridad en uno mismo — self-confidence, self-assurance
4) (=certeza) certaintyno puedo darle seguridad — I can't say for sure o for certain
•
con seguridad, no lo sabemos con seguridad — we don't know for sure o for certaincon toda seguridad, podemos decir que... — with complete certainty, we can say that...
•
tener la seguridad de que... — to be sure o certain that...tenía la seguridad de que algo iba a pasar — he was sure o certain that something was going to happen
tengan ustedes la seguridad de que... — (you may) rest assured that... frm
5) (Jur) [de fianza] security, surety* * *1) ( ausencia de peligro) safety; (protección contra robos, atentados) securitymedidas de seguridad — (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures; (contra robos, atentados) security measures
2) (estabilidad, garantía) security3)a) ( certeza)b) (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidencetener seguridad en uno mismo — to be sure of oneself, to be self-confident
* * *= fall-back [fallback], safety, security, peace of mind.Ex. The program has been enhanced to provide system security and the various levels of fall-back operation in the event of system failure.Ex. Not all topics are covered, but a broad group of industrial topics are represented, including, measurement, environmental and safety engineering, energy technology and communication.Ex. DBMS systems aim to provide data security and access safeguards.Ex. The article is entitled 'Licensing of digital publications: peace of mind for research libraries or an expensive nightmare?'.----* abrochar el cinturón de seguridad = fasten + seat belt.* alfiler de seguridad = safety pin.* ataque contra la seguridad = security attack.* barrera de seguridad = crush barrier.* brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.* brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.* caja de seguridad = safe, safety deposit box.* cámara de seguridad = storage vault, security camera, surveillance camera.* certificado de seguridad = security certificate.* cinturón de seguridad = seat belt.* código de seguridad vial = highway safety code.* como medida de seguridad = as a backup.* con seguridad en uno mismo = assertively.* Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas = United Nations Security Council.* Consejo de Seguridad, el = Security Council, the.* con toda seguridad = safely.* control de seguridad = security checkpoint.* copia de seguridad = backup [back-up], duplicate copy, backup copy.* copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.* cotización a la seguridad social = national insurance contribution.* de máxima seguridad = safety critical [safety-critical].* depósito de seguridad = storage vault.* distancia de seguridad = stopping distance, braking distance.* encargado de seguridad = security officer, security officer.* evaluación de la seguridad = safety evaluation.* falsa sensación de seguridad = false sense of security.* fuerzas de seguridad = security forces.* guarda de seguridad = security patrol, security officer, security officer.* guardia de seguridad = security guard.* línea de seguridad = lifeline.* llevar puesto el cinturón de seguridad = wear + a seat belt.* malla de seguridad = safety net.* mecanismo de seguridad = security mechanism.* medida de seguridad = safety standard, security measure, safety regulation, safety precaution.* medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.* mostrador de seguridad = security desk.* ordenador de seguridad = firewall.* película de seguridad = safety film.* peligro para la seguridad = safety hazard, security risk.* personal de seguridad = security staff.* plan de seguridad = backup plan.* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* problema de seguridad = security problem.* red de seguridad = safety net.* relacionado con la seguridad = safety-related.* responsable de seguridad = safety official.* riesgo para la seguridad = security risk.* seguridad ambiental = environmental security.* seguridad ciudadana = public safety.* seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.* seguridad contra incendios = fire security, fire safety.* seguridad de circulación en bicicleta = bicycle safety.* seguridad de las redes = network security.* seguridad del sistema = system security.* seguridad en el empleo = employment protection and safety.* seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.* seguridad en (la) carretera = driving safety, road safety.* seguridad en las aglomeraciones = crowd safety.* seguridad en uno mismo = self-confidence, assertiveness, self-efficacy, self-belief.* seguridad informática = computer security.* seguridad laboral = occupational safety.* seguridad nacional = national security, homeland security.* seguridad personal = personal safety.* seguridad pública = public safety.* seguridad que da estar en un grupo numeroso = safety in numbers.* seguridad social = social security, national insurance.* Seguridad Social Británica = National Health Service (NHS).* seguridad urbana = urban safety, urban security.* seguridad vial = driving safety, road safety, highway safety.* servicio de seguridad = security service.* sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.* sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.* tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.* tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.* tomar medidas de seguridad = take + safety precautions.* tomar medidas de seguridad más estrictas = tighten + security.* valla de seguridad = crush barrier.* válvula de seguridad = safety valve, pressure relief valve.* vigilante de seguridad = security guard.* volver a la seguridad de = burrow back into.* vulneración de la seguridad = security breach.* vulnerar la seguridad = breach + security.* * *1) ( ausencia de peligro) safety; (protección contra robos, atentados) securitymedidas de seguridad — (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures; (contra robos, atentados) security measures
2) (estabilidad, garantía) security3)a) ( certeza)b) (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidencetener seguridad en uno mismo — to be sure of oneself, to be self-confident
* * *= fall-back [fallback], safety, security, peace of mind.Ex: The program has been enhanced to provide system security and the various levels of fall-back operation in the event of system failure.
Ex: Not all topics are covered, but a broad group of industrial topics are represented, including, measurement, environmental and safety engineering, energy technology and communication.Ex: DBMS systems aim to provide data security and access safeguards.Ex: The article is entitled 'Licensing of digital publications: peace of mind for research libraries or an expensive nightmare?'.* abrochar el cinturón de seguridad = fasten + seat belt.* alfiler de seguridad = safety pin.* ataque contra la seguridad = security attack.* barrera de seguridad = crush barrier.* brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.* brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.* caja de seguridad = safe, safety deposit box.* cámara de seguridad = storage vault, security camera, surveillance camera.* certificado de seguridad = security certificate.* cinturón de seguridad = seat belt.* código de seguridad vial = highway safety code.* como medida de seguridad = as a backup.* con seguridad en uno mismo = assertively.* Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas = United Nations Security Council.* Consejo de Seguridad, el = Security Council, the.* con toda seguridad = safely.* control de seguridad = security checkpoint.* copia de seguridad = backup [back-up], duplicate copy, backup copy.* copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.* cotización a la seguridad social = national insurance contribution.* de máxima seguridad = safety critical [safety-critical].* depósito de seguridad = storage vault.* distancia de seguridad = stopping distance, braking distance.* encargado de seguridad = security officer, security officer.* evaluación de la seguridad = safety evaluation.* falsa sensación de seguridad = false sense of security.* fuerzas de seguridad = security forces.* guarda de seguridad = security patrol, security officer, security officer.* guardia de seguridad = security guard.* línea de seguridad = lifeline.* llevar puesto el cinturón de seguridad = wear + a seat belt.* malla de seguridad = safety net.* mecanismo de seguridad = security mechanism.* medida de seguridad = safety standard, security measure, safety regulation, safety precaution.* medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.* mostrador de seguridad = security desk.* ordenador de seguridad = firewall.* película de seguridad = safety film.* peligro para la seguridad = safety hazard, security risk.* personal de seguridad = security staff.* plan de seguridad = backup plan.* poner en peligro la seguridad = breach + security.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* problema de seguridad = security problem.* red de seguridad = safety net.* relacionado con la seguridad = safety-related.* responsable de seguridad = safety official.* riesgo para la seguridad = security risk.* seguridad ambiental = environmental security.* seguridad ciudadana = public safety.* seguridad contra corrientes eléctricas = electrical security.* seguridad contra incendios = fire security, fire safety.* seguridad de circulación en bicicleta = bicycle safety.* seguridad de las redes = network security.* seguridad del sistema = system security.* seguridad en el empleo = employment protection and safety.* seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.* seguridad en (la) carretera = driving safety, road safety.* seguridad en las aglomeraciones = crowd safety.* seguridad en uno mismo = self-confidence, assertiveness, self-efficacy, self-belief.* seguridad informática = computer security.* seguridad laboral = occupational safety.* seguridad nacional = national security, homeland security.* seguridad personal = personal safety.* seguridad pública = public safety.* seguridad que da estar en un grupo numeroso = safety in numbers.* seguridad social = social security, national insurance.* Seguridad Social Británica = National Health Service (NHS).* seguridad urbana = urban safety, urban security.* seguridad vial = driving safety, road safety, highway safety.* servicio de seguridad = security service.* sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.* sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.* tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.* tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.* tomar medidas de seguridad = take + safety precautions.* tomar medidas de seguridad más estrictas = tighten + security.* valla de seguridad = crush barrier.* válvula de seguridad = safety valve, pressure relief valve.* vigilante de seguridad = security guard.* volver a la seguridad de = burrow back into.* vulneración de la seguridad = security breach.* vulnerar la seguridad = breach + security.* * *A (ausencia de peligro) safetyla seguridad de los rehenes the safety of the hostagescomo medida de seguridad, mantengan los cinturones abrochados as a safety precaution please keep your seatbelts fastenedcierre de seguridad safety catchpor razones de seguridad, no se permite fumar for safety reasons, smoking is not permittedmedidas de seguridad (contra accidentes, incendios) safety measures; (contra robos, atentados) security measuresla empresa encargada de la seguridad del edificio the company responsible for the security of the buildinguna prisión de alta seguridad a high security prisonCompuestos:biosafetypublic safetyla seguridad del estado state security, national securityroad safetyB (estabilidad, garantía) securityuna alta seguridad para el inversor a high degree o level of security for the investorno ofrece ninguna seguridad it doesn't offer any securityCompuesto:social securityC1(certeza): no te lo puedo decir con seguridad I can't tell you for certain o for sure o ( frml) with any degree of certaintycon seguridad se quedó dormido he's probably fallen asleep o ( colloq) I bet he's fallen asleepno me dio ninguna seguridad de tenerlo listo para mañana she didn't give me any assurances that she'd have it ready by tomorrowcon toda seguridad te hace el favor you can be sure he'll do that for you2 (confianza, aplomo) confidence, self-confidencetiene mucha seguridad en sí mismo he's very sure of himself, he has a lot of self-confidenceda una falsa impresión de seguridad he gives off a false impression of self-confidence* * *
seguridad sustantivo femenino
1 ( ausencia de peligro) safety;
(protección contra robos, atentados) security;
(contra robos, atentados) security measures;
seguridad ciudadana public safety
2 (estabilidad, garantía) security;
3
◊ podemos decir con seguridad que … we can say for sure o with certainty that …
seguridad sustantivo femenino
1 (confianza) confidence: hablaba con mucha seguridad, he spoke with great self-confidence
2 (certeza) sureness: ten la seguridad de que no te engañará, you can be certain that he won't deceive you
con toda seguridad, surely
3 (garantía) no me dan la seguridad de que me vayan a contratar, they won't guarantee that they'll hire me
4 (contra accidentes) safety
cinturón de seguridad, safety belt
seguridad en el empleo, safety at work
5 (contra robos, etc) security
cerradura de seguridad, security lock 6 Seguridad Social, Social Security, GB National Health Service
Recuerda que safety se refiere a la seguridad física, mientras que security hace referencia a la seguridad contra el delito.
' seguridad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alta
- beneficio
- cartilla
- cierre
- cinturón
- confianza
- copia
- cotizar
- cotización
- específica
- específico
- inspección
- red
- responsable
- SS
- válvula
- abrochar
- ajustar
- aportar
- aporte
- atentar
- bóveda
- burlar
- caja
- consejo
- estado
- falla
- garantía
- norma
- potenciar
- reforzar
- riguroso
- seguro
English:
around-the clock
- asbestos
- assurance
- backup
- bolster
- buckle up
- certainty
- check
- compromise
- demonstrate
- failsafe
- health service
- job security
- most
- National Insurance
- NHS
- pass
- road safety
- safe-deposit
- safety
- safety belt
- safety net
- screen
- seal
- seatbelt
- security
- Security Council
- security forces
- social insurance
- social security
- social welfare
- speech
- steward
- strap in
- tight
- tighten
- tighten up
- unfasten
- welfare
- back
- brim
- doubt
- fail
- guard
- harness
- homeland
- involve
- national
- pretense
- record
* * *seguridad nf1. [ausencia de peligro físico] safety;la seguridad de los pasajeros es nuestra prioridad passenger safety is our priority;de seguridad [cinturón, cierre] safetyseguridad ciudadana public safety;la principal preocupación del electorado es la seguridad ciudadana the main concern of the electorate is law and order;seguridad en el trabajo safety at work o in the workplace;seguridad vial road safety2. [protección material, afectiva] securityseguridad privada security firms;Seguridad Social Social Security3. [estabilidad, firmeza] security;una inversión que ofrece seguridad a safe o secure investment4. [certidumbre] certainty;con seguridad for sure, definitely;no lo sé con seguridad I don't know for sure o for certain;con toda seguridad with absolute certainty;tener la seguridad de que to be certain that5. [confianza] confidence;habla con mucha seguridad she speaks very confidently;seguridad en sí mismo self-confidence;mostrar una falsa seguridad to put on a show of confidence* * *fcinturón de seguridad seatbelt3 ( certeza) certainty;con toda seguridad for sure* * *seguridad nf1) : safety, security2) : (financial) securityseguridad social: Social Security3) certeza: certainty, assurancecon toda seguridad: with complete certainty4) : confidence, self-confidence* * *1. (contra robos, ataques, etc) security2. (contra accidentes) safety3. (certeza) certainty4. (confianza) confidence -
98 point
point [pɔɪnt]pointe ⇒ 1 (a) point ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (c), 1 (e), 1 (f),1(i)-(l), 1 (n), 1 (o) endroit ⇒ 1 (c) moment ⇒ 1 (d) essentiel ⇒ 1 (g) but ⇒ 1 (h) virgule ⇒ 1 (m) diriger ⇒ 2 (a) pointer ⇒ 2 (a) indiquer ⇒ 2 (b) montrer du doigt ⇒ 3 (a)1 noun(a) (tip → of sword, nail, pencil etc) pointe f;∎ trim one end of the stick into a point taillez un des bouts de la branche en pointe;∎ his beard ended in a neat point sa barbe était soigneusement taillée en pointe;∎ draw a star with five points dessinez une étoile à cinq branches;∎ a dog with white points un chien aux pattes et aux oreilles blanches;∎ an eight-point stag un cerf huit cors;∎ to dance on points faire des pointes;∎ on (full) point (ballet dancer) sur la pointe;∎ on demi-point (ballet dancer) sur la demi-pointe;∎ not to put too fine a point on it… pour dire les choses clairement…(b) (small dot) point m;∎ a tiny point of light un minuscule point de lumière(c) (specific place) point m, endroit m, lieu m;∎ intersection point point m d'intersection;∎ meeting point (sign) point rencontre;∎ the runners have passed the halfway point les coureurs ont dépassé la mi-parcours;∎ we're back to our point of departure or our starting point nous sommes revenus au ou à notre point de départ;∎ the point where the accident occurred l'endroit où l'accident a eu lieu;∎ at that point you'll see a church on the left à ce moment-là, vous verrez une église sur votre gauche;∎ the terrorists claim they can strike at any point in the country les terroristes prétendent qu'ils peuvent frapper n'importe où dans le pays;∎ the bus service to Dayton and points west le service de bus à destination de Dayton et des villes situées plus à l'ouest;∎ points south of here get little rainfall les régions situées au sud d'ici n'ont pas une grande pluviosité∎ the country is at a critical point in its development le pays traverse une période ou phase critique de son développement;∎ we are at a critical point nous voici à un point critique;∎ there comes a point when a decision has to be made il arrive un moment où il faut prendre une décision;∎ when it comes to the point of actually doing it quand vient le moment de passer à l'acte;∎ when it came to the point quand le moment critique est arrivé;∎ at one point in the discussion à un moment de la discussion;∎ at one point in my travels au cours de mes voyages;∎ at one point, I thought the roof was going to cave in à un moment (donné), j'ai cru que le toit allait s'effondrer;∎ at one point in the book à un moment donné dans le livre;∎ at this point the phone rang c'est alors que le téléphone a sonné, à ce moment-là le téléphone a sonné;∎ at that point, I was still undecided à ce moment-là, je n'avais pas encore pris de décision;∎ at that point in China's history à ce moment précis de l'histoire de la Chine;∎ it's too late by this point il est déjà trop tard à l'heure qu'il est;∎ by that point, I was too tired to move j'étais alors tellement fatigué que je ne pouvais plus bouger(e) (stage in development or process) point m;∎ she had reached the point of wanting a divorce elle en était (arrivée) au point de vouloir divorcer;∎ thank God we haven't reached that point! Dieu merci, nous n'en sommes pas (encore arrivés) là!;∎ to reach the point of no return atteindre le point de non-retour;∎ to be at the point of death être sur le point de mourir;∎ the conflict has gone beyond the point where negotiations are possible le conflit a atteint le stade où toute négociation est impossible;∎ the regime is on the point of collapse le régime est au bord de l'effondrement;∎ I was on the point of admitting everything j'étais sur le point de tout avouer;∎ she had worked to the point of exhaustion elle avait travaillé jusqu'à l'épuisement;∎ he was jealous to the point of madness sa jalousie confinait à la folie;∎ he stuffed himself to the point of being sick il s'est gavé à en être malade(f) (for discussion or debate) point m;∎ a seven-point memorandum un mémorandum en sept points;∎ let's go on to the next point passons à la question suivante ou au point suivant;∎ on this point we disagree sur ce point nous ne sommes pas d'accord;∎ I want to emphasize this point je voudrais insister sur ce point;∎ are there any points I haven't covered? y a-t-il des questions que je n'ai pas abordées?;∎ to make or to raise a point faire une remarque;∎ to make the point that… faire remarquer que… + indicative;∎ my point or the point I'm making is that… là où je veux en venir c'est que…;∎ all right, you've made your point! d'accord, on a compris!;∎ the points raised in her article les points qu'elle soulève dans son article;∎ the main points to keep in mind les principaux points à garder à l'esprit;∎ let me illustrate my point laissez-moi illustrer mon propos;∎ to prove his point he showed us a photo pour prouver ses affirmations, il nous a montré une photo;∎ I see or take your point je vois ce que vous voulez dire ou où vous voulez en venir;∎ point taken! c'est juste!;∎ he may not be home - you've got a point there! il n'est peut-être pas chez lui - ça c'est vrai!;∎ the fact that he went to the police is a point in his favour/a point against him le fait qu'il soit allé à la police est un bon/mauvais point pour lui;∎ I corrected her on a point of grammar je l'ai corrigée sur un point de grammaire;∎ she was disqualified on a technical point elle a été disqualifiée pour ou sur une faute technique;∎ to make a point of doing sth tenir à faire qch;∎ he made a point of speaking to her il a tenu à lui adresser la parole;∎ kindly make a point of remembering next time faites-moi le plaisir de ne pas oublier la prochaine fois∎ I get the point je comprends, je vois;∎ the point is (that) we're overloaded with work le fait est que nous sommes débordés de travail;∎ we're getting off or away from the point nous nous éloignons ou écartons du sujet;∎ that's the (whole) point! (that's the problem) c'est là (tout) le problème!; (that's the aim) c'est ça, le but!;∎ that's not the point! là n'est pas la question!;∎ the money is/your feelings are beside the point l'argent n'a/vos sentiments n'ont rien à voir là-dedans;∎ get or come to the point! dites ce que vous avez à dire!, ne tournez pas autour du pot!;∎ I'll come straight to the point je serai bref;∎ to keep to the point ne pas s'écarter du sujet∎ the point of the game is to get rid of all your cards le but du jeu est de se débarrasser de toutes ses cartes;∎ there's no point in asking him now ça ne sert à rien ou ce n'est pas la peine de le lui demander maintenant;∎ what's the point of all this? à quoi ça sert tout ça?;∎ I don't see the point (of re-doing it) je ne vois pas l'intérêt (de le refaire);∎ oh, what's the point anyway! oh, et puis à quoi bon, après tout!(i) (feature, characteristic) point m;∎ the boss has his good points le patron a ses bons côtés;∎ it's my weak/strong point c'est mon point faible/fort;∎ her strong point is her sense of humour son point fort, c'est son sens de l'humour;∎ tact has never been one of your strong points la délicatesse n'a jamais été ton fort∎ the Dow Jones index is up/down two points l'indice Dow Jones a augmenté/baissé de deux points;∎ who scored the winning point? qui a marqué le point gagnant?;∎ an ace is worth 4 points un as vaut 4 points;∎ to win/to lead on points (in boxing) gagner/mener aux points;∎ American familiar to make points with sb (find favour with) faire bonne impression à qn□ ;∎ School merit points bons points mpl;∎ points competition (in cycling) classement m par points(k) (on compass) point m;∎ the four points of the compass les quatre points mpl cardinaux;∎ the 32 points of the compass les 32 points mpl de la rose des vents;∎ to alter course 16 points venir de 16 quarts;∎ our people were scattered to all points of the compass notre peuple s'est retrouvé éparpillé aux quatre coins du monde∎ a straight line between two points une droite reliant deux points(m) (in decimals) virgule f;∎ five point one cinq virgule un(n) (punctuation mark) point m;∎ three or ellipsis points points mpl de suspension∎ 6-point type caractères mpl de 6 points∎ (power) point prise f (de courant);∎ eight-point distributor (in engine) distributeur m (d'allumage) à huit plots∎ points aiguillage m(t) (on backgammon board) flèche f, pointe f(a) (direct, aim → vehicle) diriger; (→ flashlight, hose) pointer, braquer; (→ finger) pointer, tendre; (→ telescope) diriger, braquer;∎ to point one's finger at sb/sth montrer qn/qch du doigt;∎ he pointed his finger accusingly at Gus il pointa un doigt accusateur vers Gus, il montra ou désigna Gus d'un doigt accusateur;∎ to point a gun at sb braquer une arme sur qn;∎ he pointed the rifle/the camera at me il braqua le fusil/l'appareil photo sur moi;∎ she pointed the truck towards the garage elle tourna le camion vers le garage;∎ he pointed the boat out to sea il a mis le cap vers le large;∎ if anybody shows up, just point them in my direction si quelqu'un arrive, tu n'as qu'à me l'envoyer;∎ just point me in the right direction dites-moi simplement quelle direction je dois prendre;∎ just point him to the nearest bar tu n'as qu'à lui indiquer le chemin du bar le plus proche∎ to point the way indiquer la direction ou le chemin; figurative montrer le chemin, indiquer la direction à suivre;∎ he pointed the way to future success il a montré le chemin de la réussite;∎ her research points the way to a better understanding of the phenomenon ses recherches vont permettre une meilleure compréhension du phénomène;∎ they point the way (in) which reform must go ils indiquent la direction dans laquelle les réformes doivent aller∎ to point one's toes tendre le pied(e) (sharpen → stick, pencil) tailler(f) Linguistics mettre des signes diacritiques à∎ to point at or to or towards sth montrer qch du doigt;∎ she pointed left elle fit un signe vers la gauche;∎ he pointed back down the corridor il fit un signe vers le fond du couloir;∎ he pointed at or to me with his pencil il pointa son crayon vers moi;∎ he was pointing at me son doigt était pointé vers moi;∎ it's rude to point ce n'est pas poli de montrer du doigt(b) (road sign, needle on dial)∎ the signpost points up the hill le panneau est tourné vers le haut de la colline;∎ a compass needle always points north l'aiguille d'une boussole indique toujours le nord;∎ the weather vane is pointing north la girouette est orientée au nord;∎ when the big hand points to twelve quand la grande aiguille est sur le douze∎ hold the gun with the barrel pointing downwards tenez le canon de l'arme pointé vers le bas;∎ the rifle/the camera was pointing straight at me la carabine/la caméra était braquée sur moi;∎ point your flashlight over there éclaire là-bas;∎ insert the disk with the arrow pointing right insérez la disquette, la flèche pointée ou pointant vers la droite;∎ the aerial should be pointing in the direction of the transmitter l'antenne devrait être tournée dans la direction de ou tournée vers l'émetteur;∎ he walks with his feet pointing outwards il marche les pieds en dehorspour l'instant;∎ no more details are available at this point in time pour l'instant, nous ne disposons pas d'autres détailsen fait, à vrai direpertinentjusqu'à un certain point;∎ did the strategy succeed? - up to a point est-ce que la stratégie a réussi? - dans une certaine mesure;∎ productivity can be increased up to a point la productivité peut être augmentée jusqu'à un certain point;∎ she can be persuaded, but only up to a point il est possible de la convaincre, mais seulement jusqu'à un certain point►► Marketing point of delivery lieu m de livraison;British point duty (of police officer, traffic warden) service m de la circulation;∎ to be on point duty diriger la circulation;point guard (in basketball) meneur(euse) m,f;point of intersection point m d'intersection;point of order point m de procédure;∎ he rose on a point of order il a demandé la parole pour soulever un point de procédure;American point man (in the forefront) précurseur m;Computing point of presence point m de présence, point m d'accès;Marketing point of purchase lieu m d'achat, lieu m de vente;point of reference point m de référence;Marketing point of sale lieu m de vente, point m de vente;∎ at the point of sale sur le lieu de vente;point shoes (for ballet) (chaussons mpl à) pointes fpl;Typography & Computing point size corps m;point source source f ponctuelle;point of view Television & Cinema angle m du regard; (opinion) point m de vue, opinion f;∎ from my point of view, it doesn't make much difference en ce qui me concerne, ça ne change pas grand-chose;∎ to consider sth from all points of view considérer qch sous tous ses aspects;point work (of ballet dancer) pointes fplMathematics (decimals) séparer par une virgule(a) (indicate) indiquer, montrer;∎ I'll point the church out to you as we go by je vous montrerai ou vous indiquerai l'église quand nous passerons devant∎ she pointed out several mistakes to us elle nous a signalé plusieurs erreurs, elle a attiré notre attention sur plusieurs erreurs;∎ I'd like to point out that it was my idea in the first place je vous ferai remarquer que l'idée est de moi;∎ might I point out that…? permettez-moi de vous faire observer ou remarquer que…;∎ he pointed out that two people were missing il fit remarquer qu'il manquait deux personnes∎ the facts point to only one conclusion les faits ne permettent qu'une seule conclusion;∎ all the evidence points to him toutes les preuves indiquent que c'est lui;∎ everything points to CIA involvement tout indique que la CIA est impliquée(b) (call attention to) attirer l'attention sur;∎ ecologists point to the destruction of forest land les écologistes attirent notre attention sur la destruction des forêts;∎ they proudly point to the government's record ils invoquent avec fierté le bilan du gouvernement(of person, report) souligner, mettre l'accent sur; (of event) faire ressortir;∎ his account points up the irony of the defeat son exposé met l'accent sur l'ironie de la défaite;∎ the accident points up the need for closer cooperation l'accident fait ressortir le besoin d'une coopération plus étroite -
99 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
[br]b. 30 July 1889 Mourum (near Moscow), Russiad. 29 July 1982 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian (naturalized American 1924) television pioneer who invented the iconoscope and kinescope television camera and display tubes.[br]Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsZworykin received some twenty-seven awards and honours for his contributions to television engineering and medical electronics, including the Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1965; US Medal of Science 1966; and the US National Hall of Fame 1977.Bibliography29 December 1923, US patent no. 2,141, 059 (the original iconoscope patent; finally granted in December 1938!).13 July 1925, US patent no. 1,691, 324 (colour television system).1930, with D.E.Wilson, Photocells and Their Applications, New York: Wiley. 1934, "The iconoscope. A modern version of the electric eye". Proceedings of theInstitute of Radio Engineers 22:16.1946, Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope.1940, with G.A.Morton, Television; revised 1954.1949, with E.G.Ramberg, Photoelectricity and Its Applications. 1958, Television in Science and Industry.Further ReadingJ.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.KFBiographical history of technology > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma
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100 load
ləud
1. noun1) (something which is being carried: The lorry had to stop because its load had fallen off; She was carrying a load of groceries.) carga2) (as much as can be carried at one time: two lorry-loads of earth.) peso, cantidad3) (a large amount: He talked a load of rubbish; We ate loads of ice-cream.) montones de, montón de4) (the power carried by an electric circuit: The wires were designed for a load of 15 amps.) carga
2. verb1) (to take or put on what is to be carried (especially if heavy): They loaded the luggage into the car; The lorry was loading when they arrived.) cargar2) (to put ammunition into (a gun): He loaded the revolver and fired.) cargar3) (to put film into (a camera).) cargar•- loadedload1 n cargaload2 vb cargartr[ləʊd]1 (in general) carga2 (weight) peso1 cargar ( with, de)1 cargar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLa load of... / loads of... familiar montones de..., un montón de...get a load of this! familiar ¡fíjate en esto!, ¡mira esto!load ['lo:d] vt: cargar, embarcarload n1) cargo: carga f2) weight: peso m3) burden: carga f, peso m4) loads npl: montón m, pila f, cantidad floads of work: un montón de trabajon.• carga s.f.• cargamento s.m.• cargazón s.m.• cargo s.m.• carguío s.m.• munición s.f.• peso s.m.• tiro s.m.v.• agobiar v.• armar v.• cargar v.• colmar v.• fletar v.• recargar v.ləʊd
I
four loads of washing — cuatro lavados or (Esp) coladas
the project will create a heavy administrative load — el proyecto generará mucho trabajo administrativo
to have a load on — (AmE colloq) estar* como una cuba (fam), estar* tomado (AmL fam)
2) (often pl) (colloq)a) (much, many) cantidad f, montón m (fam), pila f (AmS fam)I've done this loads of times — esto lo he hecho cantidad or montones or (AmS tb) pilas de veces (fam)
the play is a load of rubbish — la obra no vale nada or (fam) es una porquería
b) (as intensifier) (colloq)3) ( Civil Eng) carga fmaximum load 15 tons — peso máximo: 15 toneladas
II
1.
a) ( Transp) \<\<truck/plane\>\> cargar*b) ( charge) \<\<gun\>\> cargar*to load a program (into a computer) — cargar* un programa (en una computadora)
2.
vi cargar*Phrasal Verbs:- load up[lǝʊd]1. N1) (=cargo) carga f ; (=weight) peso mI put another load in the washing machine — puse otra colada a lavar or en la lavadora
shed Imaximum load: 17 tons — carga máxima: 17 toneladas
2) (fig) (=burden) carga fhe finds his new responsibilities a heavy load — sus nuevas responsabilidades le resultan una gran carga
she's taking some of the load off the secretaries — está aligerándoles la carga de trabajo a las secretarias
caseload, workloadthat's (taken) a load off my mind! — ¡eso me quita un peso de encima!
3) (Elec, Tech) (also of firearm) carga f4) loads * cantidad * f, un montón *we've got loads of time — tenemos cantidad or un montón de tiempo *
I've got loads (of them) at home — tengo cantidad or un montón en casa *
5)a load of >: the book is a load of rubbish * — el libro es una basura *, el libro no vale nada
they're just a load of kids — no son más que un hatajo or una panda de críos *
get a load of this! — (=look) ¡échale un vistazo a esto! *, ¡mírame esto!; (=listen) ¡escucha esto!
2. VT1) [+ lorry, washing machine, gun, camera] cargardo you know how to load this program? — (Comput) ¿sabes cómo cargar este programa?
2) (=weigh down)•
to be loaded with sth, we're loaded with debts — estamos cargados or agobiados de deudasher words were loaded with meaning — sus palabras estaban llenas or cargadas de significado
3) (=bias)•
the dice were loaded — los dados estaban cargadosthe dice are loaded against him — (fig) todo está en su contra
•
the situation is loaded in our favour — la situación se inclina a nuestro favor3. VI1) [lorry, ship] cargar2) [gun, camera] cargarsehow does this gun/camera load? — ¿cómo se carga esta pistola/cámara?
3) [person] cargarload! — ¡carguen armas!
4.CPDload factor N — (Elec, Aer) factor m de carga
load line N — (Naut) línea f de carga
- load up* * *[ləʊd]
I
four loads of washing — cuatro lavados or (Esp) coladas
the project will create a heavy administrative load — el proyecto generará mucho trabajo administrativo
to have a load on — (AmE colloq) estar* como una cuba (fam), estar* tomado (AmL fam)
2) (often pl) (colloq)a) (much, many) cantidad f, montón m (fam), pila f (AmS fam)I've done this loads of times — esto lo he hecho cantidad or montones or (AmS tb) pilas de veces (fam)
the play is a load of rubbish — la obra no vale nada or (fam) es una porquería
b) (as intensifier) (colloq)3) ( Civil Eng) carga fmaximum load 15 tons — peso máximo: 15 toneladas
II
1.
a) ( Transp) \<\<truck/plane\>\> cargar*b) ( charge) \<\<gun\>\> cargar*to load a program (into a computer) — cargar* un programa (en una computadora)
2.
vi cargar*Phrasal Verbs:- load up
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