(before+nouns+in+apposition)

* * *

(hin, hitt), dem. pron.

1) the other; á hinn fótinn, on the other leg; pl. the others, the rest (Kimbi bar sár sín engan mun betr en hinir);

2) emphatically, that; hitt ek hugða, that was what I thought; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to know.

(hin, hit), def. art., before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive, the, = inn, enn( eptir hinni eystri kvísl).

* * *

HIN, HIT, the article, an enclitic, which therefore can never serve as an accentuated syllable in a verse, either as rhyme or in alliteration. In good old MSS. (e. g. Cod. Reg. of Sæm.) it is hardly ever spelt with the aspirate, but is written inn, in, it or ið, or enn, en, et or eð, and thus distinguished from the demonstr. pron. hinn; but in the Editions the prob. spurious aspirate has been generally prefixed: an indecl. inu or hinu occurs often in later MSS. of the 14th century, e. g. the Fb.; but as it has not been heard of since and is unknown in the modern language, it simply seems to be a Norwegianism, thus, inu sömu orð, Th. 2; hinnu fyrri biskupa (gen. pl.), H. E. ii. 79; enu instu luti ( res intimas), Hom. 57 (Norse MS.); hinu ágæztu menn (nom. pl.), id.; innu óargu dýra, 657 A. ii. 12: [cp. Goth. jains = ἐκεινος; A. S. geond; Engl. yon; Germ. jener.]

A. The:

I. preceding the noun:

1. before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive; inn mæri, inn ríki, inn dimmi dreki, inn mikli mögr, Vsp.; in aldna, id.; inn góða mjöð, the good mead, Gm. 13; inn mæra mjöð, Skm. 16; inn helga mjöð, Sdm. 18; in forna fold, Hým. 24; in fríða frilla, 30; inn fróði jötum, Vþm. 20; inn gamli þulr, 9; inn hára þul, Fm. 34; inn fráni ormr, 19; opt inn betri bilar þá er inn verri vegr, Hm. 127; in alsnotra ambátt, in arma, Þkv.; enn fróði afi, Skm. 2; in ílla mæra, 32; enn fráni ormr, 27; eð manunga man, Hm. 163; enn aldna jötun, 104; en horska mær, 95; it betra, Stor. 22; ena þriðju, the third, Vsp. 20; inn móður-lausi mögr, Fm. 2; it gjalla gull, ok it glóðrauða fé, 9; ið fyrsta orð, Sdm. 14; enu skírleita goði, Gm. 39; in glýstömu græti, Hðm. 1; in svásu goð, Vþm. 17; enum frægja syni, Hm. 141; at ins tryggva vinar, 66; ennar góðu konu, 100; ins svinna mans, 162; ens dýra mjaðar, 141; ens hindra dags, 109; ens unga mans, Skm. 11; ens deykkva hrafns, Skv. 2. 20; æ til ins eina dags, Fm. 10; ena níundu hverja nótt, Skm. 21: with the ordinals, inn fyrsti, þriði …, Gm. 6 sqq., Sdm. 21 sqq.

2. so also before an adverb; it sama, likewise, Hm. 75, Fm. 4, Vþm. 22, 23, Gm. 15, Hdl. 26.

3. as an indecl. particle ‘in’ or ‘en’ before a comparative; in heldr, the more, Hm. 60, Sdm. 36, Hkv. 1. 12, Skv. 1. 21, Gh. 3, Nj. 219; in lengr, the longer, Am. 58, 61; this has been already mentioned s. v. en (p. 127, B. at bottom, and p. 128), but it is almost exclusively poetical.

II. placed between a pronoun and an adjective in the definite form:

1. after a demonstr.; sá inn fráni ormr, Fm. 26; sá inn harði hallr, Gs. 10; sá inn aldni jötun, Skm. 25; sá inn ámáttki jötunn, 10; þat ið mikla men, Þkv. 13; þat ið litla, ‘that the little,’ i. e. the little thing, Ls. 44: þann inn alsvinna jötun, Vþm. 1; þann inn aldna jötun, Fm. 29; þann inn hrímkalda jötun, 38; þess ins alsvinna jötuns, Vþm. 5; þat it unga man, Alm. 6; þann inn aldna jötun, Gm. 50; þau in harðmóðgu ský, 41; sá inn máttki munr, 93; mönnum þeim enum aldrœnum, Hbl. 44; börn þau in blíðu, Og. 9; hrís þat ið mæra, Akv. 5: in prose, fjölmenni þat it mikla, Eg. 46; þetta it mikla skip, Fms. x. 347, passim: with ordinals, segðu þat ið eina, say that the first, Vþm. 20; þat ið þriðja, fjórða …, 20 sqq.

2. after a possessive; síns ins heila hugar, síns ins svára sefa, Hm. 105; þíns ins hvassa hjörs, Fm. 29; minn inn hvassi hjörr, 6; míns ins hvassa hjörs, 28; bækr þínar inar bláhvítu, Hðm.

3. after a pers. pron.: þú hinn armi, thou wretch! Ld. 326; gakk þú hingat hinn mikli maðr! Eg. 488.

III. placed between two nouns in apposition:

1. between a proper name and a title or epithet in the definite form; Sigurðr inn Suðræni, Sigurd the Southerner, Skv. 3. 4; Atli inn Ríki, Akv. 29; Högna ins frækna, Hjalla ins blauða, 23; Guðröðr inn Göfugláti, Ýt.; Hamðir inn hugumstóri, Hðm. 25; Kjötva’nn (= Kjötva enn) Auðga, Hornklofi; Svan enum Rauða, Álfr enn Gamli, Hdl.; as also in prose, Ívarr inn Víðfaðmi, Haraldr enn Hárfagri, Ólafr inn Digri, Knútr inn Fundni, Auðr in Djúpauðga, Þorbjörg in Digra, Hildr in Mjófa, Steinólfr inn Lági, Þorkell inn Hávi, Kjarlakr inn Gamli, Björn inn Austræni, Ólafr inn Hvíti, Hálfdan inn Svarti, Sighvatr inn Rauði, Kyjólfr inn Grá, Gestr inn Spaki; Ari inn Fróði (Aren Froðe contr. = Are enn Froðe, Ó. T. 23, line 1), Ketill inn Heimski, Knútr inn Ríki, Eadvarðr inn Góði, Hálfdan inn Mildi, Ingjaldr inn Illráði, Helgi inn Magri, Úlfr inn Skjálgi, Landn., Fb. iii; cp. Gr. Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων, Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος, Germ. Nathan der Weise, Engl. Alfred the Great, etc.: of ships, Ormr inn Langi, Ormr inn Skammi.

2. between an appellative and an adjective; sveinn inn hvíti, Ls. 20; hendi inni hægri, 61; þengill inn meins-vani, Gm. 16; seggr inn ungi, Skm. 2; skati inn ungi, Hdl. 9; brúðr in kappsvinna, Am. 75; hest inn hraðfæra, Gh. 18; varr inn vígfrækni, gumi inn gunnhelgi, Hðm. 30; auð inn fagra, Skv. 1. 13; orm inn frána, 1, 11; fjánda inn fólkská, Fm. 37; konungr inn Húnski, Skv. 3. 8, 18, 63, 64; orð ið fyrra, Og. 9; mál ið efsta, 16; seggr inn suðræni, Akv. 3; seggr inn æri, 6; mar’inum mélgreypa, 3, 13; borg inni há, 14; sól inni suðrhöllu, 30; veðrs ens mikla, Hkv. 1. 12; handar ennar hægri, Ls. 38, 61; vífs ins vegliga, Am. 54; konung inn kostsama, Hkm.; gramr inn glaðværi, id.; hlut inn mjóvara, Ýt. 13; konungr inn kynstóri, fylkir inn framlyndi, hilmi’nom hálsdigra, konu’na Dönsku, hverr’ enni Heinversku, Hornklofi, Sæm. (Möb.) 228–231; við arm inn vestra, Sighvat; so also in prose passim.

B. When there was no adjective the article became a suffix to the noun (see Gramm. pp. xix, xx), a usage common even in early prose, but extremely rare in poetry; the reason is, not that the poems were composed before the suffixed article had come into use, but that the metres themselves in which all the old poems were composed are older than that usage, and are not well adapted to it, so that the absence of the article became traditional. The old poem Harbarðsljóð makes an exception, no doubt not from being later than all other poems, but from being composed in a peculiar metre, half verse and half prose; thus in that single poem alone there are nearly twenty instances, or about twice or thrice as many as in all the other poems together:—váginn, Hbl. 2, 13, 15; sundit, 1, 3, 8, 13; verðinum, 4; eikjunni, 7; skipit, id.; stöðna, landit, id.; leiðina, 55; höfuðit, 15; bátinum, 53; veggsins, stokksins, steinsins, 56; matrinn, 3: other solitary instances are, goðin öll, Vsp. 27 (prob. somewhat corrupt); eiki-köstinn, Gh. 20; vömmin vár, Ls. 52.

II. in prose, old and modern, the suffixed article occurs at every step; only one or two instances are worth noticing as peculiar to the Icelandic:

1. as vocative in addressing; konan, O woman! mjöðnannan, id., Sighvat (in a verse of A. D. 1018, and so in mod. usage); elskan! hjartað! heillin! ástin, my love! dear! heart! þursinn! Fas. i. 385; hundarnir! = ω κύνες, Od. xxii. 35: also with another word, barnið gott, good child! Þrúðnaþussinn, thou monster giant! Miðgarðs-ormrinn! Fas. i. 373.

2. esp. if with a possessive adjective following, as in Gr. οὑμός, τοὐμόν, τἀμά, etc.; elskan mín, ástin mín, hjartað mitt, góðrinn minn! hér er nú ástin mín, here is my darling! Sturl. ii. 78, of a father presenting a darling child to a friend; and so in mod. usage: as abuse, hundrinn þinn, thou dog! Ísl. ii. 176; þjófrinn þinn! Fms. vii. 127; dyðrillinn þinn! ii. 279; hundinum þínum! vi. 323: this use is not confined to the vocative, e. g. konan mín biðr að heilsa, my wife (kona mín is never used); maðrinn minn, my husband; biddu foreldrana þína ( ask thy parents) að lofa þér að fara; augun hans, his eyes, Pass. 24. 4; hugrinn vor og hjartað sé, our mind and heart (cp. Gr. τω ἐμω θυμω), 43. 5; svo hjartað bæði og málið mitt | mikli samhuga nafnið þitt, 10. 7; gef þú að móður-málið mitt, 35. 9; bókin mín, my favourite book, my own book; as also, fáðu mér hattinn minn, vetlingana mína, skóna mína, give me my hat, gloves, shoes; tungan í þér, augun í þér, thy tongue, thy eyes; höfuðið á mér, fætrnir á mér, my head, my feet; hendrnar á þér (‘á mér, á þér’ are here equivalent to a possessive, see p. 37, C. IV), thy hands, cp. Homer, τα σα γούνατα; hestana þína, Gr. ϊππους τους σούς: similar is the instance, vömmin vár, the sins of ours, Ls. 52; this may be a remnant of a time when the article was used separately, even with an indefinite adjective.

3. a double article, one suffixed to the noun and the other prefixed to the word in apposition; hirðin sú in Danska, Fms. vi. 323; þau in stóru skipin, viii. 384 and passim: again, when a noun is put in the genitive after another noun the former has no article; as the Engl. phrase ‘the fish of the sea and the fowl of the air’ is in Icel. ‘fiskar sjávarins og fuglar loptsins:’ but this belongs to the syntax; see also Grimm’s D. G. iv. 432.

C. SPECIAL CHANGES, in mod. usage:

I. the demonstr. pron. sá, sú, það has in speech generally taken the place of inn, in, it; thus, sá gamli maðr, sú gamla kona, það gamla skáld; sometimes the article is dropped altogether, e. g. á fimta degi, on the fifth day (= á enum fimta degi); á sömn stundu, in the same hour; even in old writers this is found, með sömu ætlan, Bs. i. 289; á níundu tíð dags, Stj. 41, (but rarely); yet the old form is often retained in writing.

II. in case A. II. the article may be dropped; þann gamla maim, þá gömlu konu, það gamla skáld, þú armi, etc.; sá ráða-góði, sú goðum-líki, sá ágæti Odysseifr, sú vitra Penelopa, sá Jarðkringjandi Pósídon, Od. passim (in Dr. Egilsson’s translation).

III. in case A. III. 1. the article is also dropped, Knútr Ríki, Haraldr Hárfagri; even old writers (esp. in later vellums) omitted it now and then, Hálfdan Svarta, Fms. i. 1; Haraldr Grænski, 90; Haraldr Hárfagri, 192; Óttarr ungi, Hdl.: even in the Sæm. Cod. Reg., Völsungr ungi, Skv. 3. 1, 3.

IV. in case A. III. 2. the pronouns sá, sú, það, and hinn, hin, hit may be used indiscriminately, although the former is more usual.

V. lastly, in case B. the suffixed article has gained ground, and is in modern prose used more freq. than in ancient.

☞ CONCLUSION.—The old poetical language, with the sole exception of a single poem, had no article in the modern and proper sense; in every instance the ‘inn, in, it’ bears the character of a demonstrative pronoun, preceding an adjective and enhancing and emphasising its sense, like the pers. pron. hann, q. v.; but it is never attached to a single substantive; when the adjective was placed in apposition after a noun, the pronoun came to stand as an enclitic just after the noun, and was sounded as if suffixed thereto; at last it was tacked as an actual suffix to single nouns standing without apposition, and thus the true suffixed article gradually arose, first in speech, then in writing; whereas at the same time the old pronominal enclitic (A. I-III) gradually went out of use, and was either dropped or replaced by the stronger demonstrative pronoun ‘sá, sú.’

HIN, HITT, demonstr. pron., prob. identical in etymology with the preceding word, from which it is however distinguished,

1. by the neut. hitt, Dan. hint;

2. by the initial aspirate, which is never dropped;

3. by being a fully accentuated pronoun, so that the h can stand as an alliterative letter, e. g. handar ennar hægri | mun ek hinnar geta, Ls.; veitkat ek hitt hvart Heita | hungr …, Hallfred; Hitt kvað þá Hamðir, etc., Hom. 23, 25, Korm. 40; Raun er hins at Heinir | hræ …; Skáld biðr hins at haldi | hjálm …, Sighvat, Hkv. Hjörv. 26: [Ulf. jains = ἐκεινος; A. S. geond; Engl. yon; Germ. jener.]

A. This pronoun is used,

I. in a demonstr. sense, emphatically and without being opp. to a preceding demonstr.; raun er hins at …, it is proved that …; skáld biðr hins, at …, Sighvat; veitkat ek hitt hvat (hvárt) …, Hallfred; hitt ek hugða, emphatically, that was what I thought, I thought forsooth, Hm. 98; hitt kvað pá Hróðrglóð, Hðm. 13; hitt kvað þá Hamðir, 25; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to know, Vþm. 3, 6; þó ek hins get, ef …, yet I guess, that if …, Skm. 24; vita skal hitt, ef …, Korm. 40 (in a verse), Ísl. ii. 225 (in a verse); hitt var fyrr = in former times, formerly, Ýt., Fs. 94 (in a verse); hinn er sæll, er …, he is happy, that …, Hm. 8; maðr hinn er …, ‘man he that’ = the man who, 26; hinn er Surts ór Sökkdölum, Edda 51 (in a verse); veitat hinn er tin tannar, hinn er um eyki annask, Kormak (in a verse); handar innar hægri mun ek hinnar geta, er …, the right hand, that hand namely, which …, Ls. 38; this usage scarcely occurs except in old poetry.

II. demonstr. referring to another pronoun, denoting the former, farther, the other, = Dan. hiin, hint, Germ. jener, cp. Gr. ἐκεινος, Lat. ille; freq. in prose, old and mod.; fóru þeir með þau skip er þeim þóttu bezt en brenndu hin, Fms. v. 8; Kimbi bar sár sitt engan mun betr en hinir, er hann hafði áðr á fært, 92; en hitt er meira, at hann lætr sér annarra manna fé jafnheimilt, Eg. 47; kemr örvar-oddrinn í strenglag hinnar örvarinnar, Fb. iii. 405; er þú hefir mik fyrir lagt á hinu áðr, 407; hinir frændr þínir, ii. 425; á hinn fótinn, on that, the other leg, Nj. 97; þat er válítið, … hitt er undr …, Ls. 33; hinir hlaða seglunum ok bíða, Fms. x. 347; ef hinn ( the other part) er eigi þar við staddr, Grág. i. 52; hvárt hinn ( the other one) hefir jafnmikit fé hins ( of the other one) er austr er, 220; rétt er at kveðja frá hennar heimili ef hann veit hvártki hinna (gen. pl.), 339; ok vill annarr hluta en annarr eigi … ok verðr sem hinn mæli ekki um er eigi vill hluta, 393; ef maðr sendir annan mann til eindaga, ok erat hinn skyldr við at taka, id.; þess á milli er hón fór at sofa á kveldit, ok hins er hón var klædd, Ld. 14; ærit fögr er mær sjá, … en hitt veit ek eigi hvaðan þjófs-augu eru komin í ættir várar, forsooth she is a beautiful girl, but yet I know not, Nj. 2:—demonstr. in the sense of this (but rare), stjörnur þær er nær eru leiðar-stjöruu ganga aldri undir með oss, en í Blálandi eðr Arabia ganga hinar stjörnur, these very stars, Rb. 468: phrases, hitt ok annat, this and the other, Rd. 235; mod. hitt og þetta.

B. COMPOUND FORMS, hinn-ug, hinn-og, or hins-ig, mod. hins-egin, also hizig, q. v. [from vegr], adv. the other way; þótt Gísl þykki hinsig (hinn veg, v. l.) eigi síðr til vísa, Fms. vii. 46; hinnig værir þú undir brún at líta sem …, Nj. 55: locally, there, in the other place, illic, ok láta bera vætti þat hinneg var nefnt, Grág. i. 90; heimta af erfingja ef hinnig er eigi til, K. Þ. K. 28; brenndi þar ok görði hervirki eigi minna enn hinneg, Fms. vi. 340; ef hinnig mundi kostr, K. Þ. K. 24; eigi er hægra undir þeim at búa fyrir kulda sakir, enn hinnog er fyrir ofrhita sakir, Sks. 196; því at hón er kaldari hér en hizug, 70: temp. the other day, formerly (rare), er ek hinnig mælta, Og. 11.

2. denoting motion, hither, thither; hinnig deyja ór Helju halir, Vþm. 43; renna hinnig, Gh. 18; ríða hinig, Fm. 26: koma hinig, Gs. 18.

ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,

A demonstr. Pronoun.

B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.

C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dual

τοῖιν Od.18.34

, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ;

οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404

(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ;

τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11

;

τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18

;

τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e

;

τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e

;

τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75

(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484,

ταῖν Lys.19.17

, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem.,

μεσακόθεν τοῖς κράναιυν Schwyzer664.8

(Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)

A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):

I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun,

αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105

;

τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186

, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.

II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it,

ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12

, al.

III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ;

θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43

, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.

IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.

V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.

VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter,

ὁ δέ

the former,

Pl.Prt. 359e

, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts,

ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595

;

τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d

, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition,

ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28

, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ;

πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c

; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg.,

ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6

: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν or

ὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317

-19, cf. 116 ;

τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102

, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.

2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g.

τὰς γοῦν Ἀθήνας οἶδα τὸν δὲ χῶρον οὔ S.OC24

;

τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b

;

οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a

, etc.

3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite,

ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41

;

νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c

, cf. Phlb. 13c.

4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.

5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a corresponding

ὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3

, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. by

ἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304

; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ;

τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843

, etc. ;

ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205

(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ;

σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45

, cf.

μέν D.

III ;

γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d

, cf. Tht. 181d.

6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause,

τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491

;

τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3

, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,

ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87

;

ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6

: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.

7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.

8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν and

δέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417

;

ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439

;

οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e

.

VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,

1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v.

ὅς A.

II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc.,

καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a

, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt.,

καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61

, al.

2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such,

τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b

: but mostly in acc.,

καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23

, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ;

τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141

, cf. 9.68 ;

τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243

; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad,

τὸν δ' ἀγαθὸν τολμᾶν χρὴ τά τε καὶ τὰ φέρειν Thgn.398

, cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.;

τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53

; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.

VIII abs. usages of single cases,

1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose,

τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12

.

b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ;

τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46

;

δελφῖνες τῇ καὶ τῇ ἐθύνεον ἰχθυάοντες Hes.Sc. 210

:—only poet.

c of Manner,

τῇ περ τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν

in this way, thus,

Od.8.510

.

d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: without

μέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48

.

e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.

2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose,

τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d

, Sph. 230b.

b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.

3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6),

τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37

;

τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89

; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.

4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; also

τὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14

;

τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14

;

τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90

: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause,

τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107

,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.

5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.

b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.;

ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32

, cf. A.Eu. 462 ;

τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59

.

c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).

6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs.,

ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90

, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.;

ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71

;

τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μελάγγειον οὖσαν Plu.2.364c

: in late Prose, also with Positives,

ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47

codd.; with

πάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19

, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).

B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst.,

αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον

the hindmost man,

Il.11.178

;

τὸν ἄριστον 17.80

;

τὸν δύστηνον 22.59

;

τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325

; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also in

τῶν ἄλλων 2.674

, al.: with Advs.,

τὸ πρίν 24.543

, al.;

τὸ πάρος περ 17.720

;

τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583

; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ;

τὰ πρῶτα 1.6

,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ;

ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559

.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.

I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron.,

τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5

; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12;

οὐχ ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐσίαν ποιούμενοι τοὺς παῖδας Pl.R. 372b

.

b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).

c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.

d for Σαῦλος ὁ καὶ Παῦλος, etc., v. καί B.2.

2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type,

οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109

;

πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242

, etc.

b freq. with abstract Nouns,

ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45

, etc.

3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.

4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.

5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.;

τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148

; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.

6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ;

τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b

;

ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d

, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ;

ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8

;

τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8

: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.

7 before Prons.,

a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc.,

τὸν ἐμέ Pl.Tht. 166a

,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ;

τὸν αὑτόν Id.Phdr. 258a

; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.

b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.

c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst.,

ὁ τοιοῦτος

that sort of person,

X.Mem.4.2.21

, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art.,

τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13

.

8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6,

πολύς 11.3

, etc.

9 the Art. with the [comp] Comp. is rare, if ἤ follows, S.Ant. 313, OC 796.

II elliptic expressions:

1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.

2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers.,

τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48

. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, as

τὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86

; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.

3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.

4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.

5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν;

ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52

; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., as

κἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266

, cf.[315] (lyr.);

ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412

(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ;

τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731

.

C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, as

κλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262

, cf. 1.300, al. ;

Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526

(lyr.);

Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86

; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets,

ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3

, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag.,

τῆς S.OC 1258

, Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.);

τῷ S.Ph.14

;

τήν Id.OC 747

, Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg.

τεῦ Il.18.192

(s.v.l.).

D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:

a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ.

b other dialects: in their treatment of crasis these follow the local laws of contraction, hence, e.g., [dialect] Dor. ὡξ from

ὁ ἐξ Theoc.1.65

, ὥλαφος from ὁ ἔλαφος ib. 135 ; [dialect] Ion. ᾡσυμνήτης from ὁ αἰς- SIG57.45 (Milet., v B.C.) ; ὡυτή from

ἡ αὐτή Heraclit.60

, etc.

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;

so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.

Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).

With antecedent in the same sentence.

The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.

His:

Caesar copias suas divisit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 97:

ille in sua sententia perseverat,

id. ib. 1, 72:

tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. ib. 2, 37:

cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?

id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,

Liv. 26, 40, 7:

imperat princeps civibus suis,

Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:

nemo rem suam emit,

id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—

Her:

mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:

utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

si nunc facere volt era officium suom,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:

ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,

id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—

Its:

omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,

id. Planc. 40, 95.—

Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

mittent aliquem de suo numero,

id. ib. 11, 10, 25:

rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,

id. Sest. 14, 32:

suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;

and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,

some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—

With a subject-clause as antecedent:

id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:

ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

id. 3, 62, 1:

secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,

id. 35, 14, 4. —

With subject-acc. as antecedent:

hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

cupio eum suae causae confidere,

id. Sest. 64, 135:

suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,

id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

With object-acc. as antecedent.

Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):

hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,

he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:

hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,

id. Sest. 68, 142:

Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

illum ulciscentur mores sui,

id. Att. 9, 12, 2:

quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,

id. Or. 1, 14:

utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,

Liv. 1, 7, 1:

quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,

id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:

quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,

id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:

consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,

Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:

quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?

Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:

sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,

id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:

ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,

Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —

With impers. verbs:

sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,

id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:

jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,

Liv. 10, 7, 8:

militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,

id. 22, 12, 10.—

As adjunct of other members of the sentence:

ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:

totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:

Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:

introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,

Sall. C. 28, 1:

suis flammis delete Fidenas,

i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:

suo igni involvit hostes,

Tac. A. 14, 30:

quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?

Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.

with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—

With dat. as antecedent.

As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):

suus rex reginae placet,

a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:

ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:

Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?

Cic. Sull. 2, 7:

si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?

id. Planc. 33, 81:

haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:

Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,

Liv. 21, 50, 4:

sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,

id. 42, 50, 7:

Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

id. 8, 14, 2:

vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:

nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,

id. Ep. 115, 17:

labor illi suus restitutus est,

id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:

magnitudo sua singulis constat,

id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:

tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,

id. Ep. 53, 11. —

With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—

Of other words:

regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:

mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:

ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,

id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:

nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,

id. 39, 37, 6:

Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,

id. 25, 3, 5.—

With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:

nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,

id. Att. 14, 13, 12:

suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,

the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:

cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,

Liv. 22, 42, 12:

nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,

Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:

Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:

in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:

operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):

(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—

With predic. nom. as antecedent:

sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,

Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—

With appositive noun.

With gram. subject as antecedent:

hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,

id. Lig. 4, 11:

Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—

With object as antecedent:

Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,

id. Lig. 12, 36:

Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,

Liv. 22, 34, 2.—

With appositive noun as antecedent:

si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,

Liv. 6, 34, 5:

C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,

Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—

In participial clauses.

The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:

credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:

stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,

Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:

manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),

Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:

et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,

Liv. 22, 60, 9:

quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—

The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:

sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:

ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,

Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:

Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,

Liv. 25, 15, 1:

(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,

id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—

The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:

M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:

si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:

ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),

Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.

with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,

id. 7, 29, 7.—

In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:

mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—

With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:

cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,

id. Sest. 23, 51:

nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—

With antecedent dependent on the gerund:

eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—

As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:

magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?

Cic. Mil. 15, 40:

neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,

his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:

Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,

id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:

totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,

id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.

Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.

Dependent on subject-inff.:

ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,

Cic. Mur. 7, 16:

siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,

id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:

contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,

id. Par. 6, 51:

ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23:

detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24:

suis exemplis melius est uti,

Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:

levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,

Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;

29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:

quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:

cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,

id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:

Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—

Without a subject-inf.:

omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),

Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):

non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.

With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.

In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.

In infinitive clauses:

(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,

Cic. Mil. 32, 88:

(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,

id. Cael. 10, 24:

ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:

hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,

Caes. B. C. 2, 16:

docent, sui judicii rem non esse,

id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:

hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.

also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—

Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:

scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:

isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,

Liv. 44, 8, 4. —

Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:

Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3:

(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,

Liv. 42, 25, 12:

Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),

id. 1, 13, 2:

Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,

Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:

ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,

Gell. 1, 8, 5. —

In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:

(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;

16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,

id. Marcell. 3, 10:

quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?

Sen. Troad. 3, 13:

querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88;

and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,

id. 9, 3, 68. —

In interrogative clauses:

si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:

ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:

donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,

Liv. 6, 27, 8:

rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,

id. 23, 39, 2:

postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,

id. 43, 19, 5. —

In a virtually oblique clause.

In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:

me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:

quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,

Liv. 43, 23, 5:

(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,

id. 26, 13, 16:

oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,

id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:

tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,

Liv. 10, 20, 7:

Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,

Nep. Dat. 7, 3:

quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?

Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —

In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:

Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),

Cic. Sull. 5, 15:

Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),

id. Att. 2, 1, 12:

non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:

ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?

id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,

Liv. 6, 18, 4:

(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,

id. 1, 21, 3:

adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,

id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).

In the place of ejus.

In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):

Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,

Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:

oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,

Liv. 1, 17, 2:

C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,

Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:

Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,

Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:

quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—

To avoid ambiguity:

petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),

Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,

Liv. 1, 37, 3.—

Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,

his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,

quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,

Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—

Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):

tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,

Cato, R. R. 31:

vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,

id. ib. 37:

qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,

id. ib. 157:

Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,

Nep. Cim. 3, 1:

id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,

id. Lys. 1, 2:

ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,

Ov. F. 6, 601:

quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,

id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.

In partic.

As substt.

sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.

(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:

cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,

fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,

her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:

quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,

his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:

qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,

their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,

to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,

his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:

Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,

Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

Caesar receptui suorum timens,

id. ib. 3, 46:

certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,

id. ib. 2, 20:

omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,

id. ib. 2, 37: so,

Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,

id. ib. 3, 86:

Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,

to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:

naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,

a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:

multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,

id. ib. 1, 19:

nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,

his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:

rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,

his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:

subsidio suorum proelium restituere,

comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:

feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,

their young, id. 26, 13, 12:

abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,

his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:

Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,

their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:

ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,

Liv. 39, 16, 5.—

Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;

the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,

id. Or. 3, 2, 8:

quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,

Liv. 37, 41, 8:

auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,

id. 37, 12:

quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—

Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—

Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:

cedo quid hic faciet sua?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—

sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.

Lit.:

nec suom adimerem alteri,

his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):

nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),

id. ib. 1, 2, 119:

illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:

populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:

nec donare illi de suo dicimur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;

(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —

Trop.:

meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;

id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—

Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:

pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,

Dig. 41, 10, 1;

so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,

ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;

similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,

id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —

One ' s property:

Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,

id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:

tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,

id. Att. 14, 14, 6:

Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:

ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,

their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:

docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):

hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;

rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),

Liv. 39, 55, 3. —

One ' s own affairs:

aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:

cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,

Liv. 10, 20, 8:

omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,

id. 22, 41, 5:

aliena cum suis perdidit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.

the context),

Quint. 6, 3, 90.

Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.

Of property in things.

Corporeal:

scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 11:

nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),

Cic. Mil. 32, 87:

quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,

id. Off. 1, 7, 21:

Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84:

gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,

Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;

eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,

Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:

cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,

since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:

referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),

nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:

qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,

Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:

quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),

Ter. And. prol. 14:

potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,

his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—

Of a country or people:

suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,

Liv. 44, 24, 4:

crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,

id. 21, 44, 5.—

Trop.:

omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,

Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:

non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,

id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;

so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,

how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:

prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,

Quint. 10, 2, 26:

quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—

Of persons.

Under a master ' s or father ' s control:

ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,

make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:

eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),

id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—

Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):

ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—

Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:

hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:

sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,

to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:

cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,

Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:

Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,

devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —

Of power over one's self, etc.:

nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,

self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,

selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:

(furiosus) qui suus non est,

Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:

vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,

Ov. M. 8, 35. —

Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):

dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.

Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.

The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.

Opposition expressed:

nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,

Cic. Balb. 8, 21:

sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,

Liv. 45, 38, 12:

damnatione collegae et sua,

id. 22, 35, 3:

Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,

Tac. A. 14, 73:

velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,

id. H. 3, 37;

opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,

at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:

(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —

Implied:

voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,

within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:

superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;

ex suo fonte nativa est,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:

pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —

In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:

Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:

sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:

jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,

sortes sua sponte attenuatas,

id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—

Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:

restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),

Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:

et staturas suo loco leges,

Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:

aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—

For suo jure v. 3. infra.—

Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;

sed habuit suam Venerem,

Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —

Of private relations (opp. to public):

ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:

deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

id. Off. 1, 7, 20:

quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,

i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —

Of just rights or claims:

imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,

due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:

neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,

Quint. 11, 1, 41. —

So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,

in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:

Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,

id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:

numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,

by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —

Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:

huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,

a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:

homini autem suum bonum ratio est,

his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:

in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,

id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —

With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,

that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,

id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:

dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,

in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:

mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,

by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —

According to one ' s liking, of one ' s own choice.

Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:

Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,

after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,

his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—

Of things, favorable.

Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:

hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:

numquam nostris locis laboravimus,

Liv. 9, 19, 15.—

Of time:

cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,

Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —

Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:

neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,

Liv. 22, 39, 21:

tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,

id. 4, 58, 2:

aestuque suo Locros trajecit,

a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:

ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,

Sen. Ep. 71, 3:

orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,

Ov. M. 13, 195:

aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,

Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —

Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:

quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:

geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:

sensus omnis habet suum finem,

its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:

ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,

Liv. 21, 34, 1:

nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,

id. 22, 16, 5:

adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,

Flor. 2, 6, 26:

liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,

Liv. 22, 28, 2:

equites ovantes sui moris carmine,

id. 10, 26, 11:

exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,

id. 21, 42, 3:

tripudiantes suo more,

id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:

equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,

that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):

suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,

Quint. 12, 10, 2:

illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,

Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:

quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,

Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—

Proper, right.

Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:

quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,

their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:

flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,

its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:

novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,

Liv. 40, 36, 6:

cum suo justo equitatu,

id. 21, 17, 8:

totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,

Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:

tranquilla mente et vultu suo,

with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:

media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,

id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:

cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,

not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —

So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,

Verg. G. 2, 82. —

Of time, proper, regular, etc. (cf. 5. b, supra).

The regular time ( = stato tempore):

signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:

cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;

tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:

omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —

The right or proper time:

salictum suo tempore caedito,

Cato, R. R. 33:

cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,

the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,

exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,

id. Sen. 23, 85:

Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:

si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,

Liv. 4, 7, 6:

Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,

Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:

quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!

Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:

de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,

Quint. 2, 4, 21. —

Suo loco = at the proper place:

quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:

quod reddetur suo loco,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

ut suo loco dicetur,

Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:

inscripta quae suis locis reddam,

id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —

Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:

in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,

Cato, R. R. 7:

siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,

at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:

in partes suas digerenda causa,

Quint. 11, 1, 6:

confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —

Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).

Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —

Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:

Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,

retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:

urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,

id. 38, 9, 10. —

Of paternal authority.

Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:

quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,

Inst. 1, 48:

sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,

Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:

liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,

id. ib. 10, 1:

morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,

id. ib. 10, 2:

patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,

Dig. 1, 6, 4:

si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,

Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —

With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,

Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:

pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,

Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:

homo sui juris,

ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:

sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:

non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,

id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —

Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:

CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 156:

(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,

ib. 2, 135:

alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,

ib. 3, 15:

datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),

ib. 3, 41:

sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,

Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:

accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,

id. ib. 22, 17. —

Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,

Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.

In particular connections.

With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).

Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,

A subjectnom.:

(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,

by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?

by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

ruit ipse suis cladibus,

id. ib. 14, 3, 8:

si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:

qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,

Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:

ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,

id. 40, 5, 1:

respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,

id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—

A subject-acc.:

sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,

Liv. 1, 11, 9:

(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,

id. 2, 44, 2.—

An object in dat. or acc.:

sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,

Liv. 6, 36, 4:

alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,

id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):

aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,

their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—

With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;

post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,

Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:

tuo ipsius studio,

Cic. Mur. 4, 9:

tuam ipsius amicitiam,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—

Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:

suamet ipsa scelera,

Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):

suismet ipsis corporibus,

Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):

a suismet ipsis praesidiis,

id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—

With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.

Quisque and suus in different cases.

Quisque as subjectnom.:

sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,

Lucr. 5, 1033:

suo quisque loco cubet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

suum quisque noscat ingenium,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:

ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,

id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:

quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,

id. Mil. 10, 29:

cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 51:

celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,

id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):

nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,

Lucr. 4, 522:

ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,

that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:

hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,

id. 6, 15, 3:

ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,

id. 1, 24, 2:

stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,

id. 44, 38, 11:

(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,

id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:

in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,

Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:

omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,

Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—

With acc. of quisque as subj.:

fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,

Cic. Balb. 13, 31:

recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,

Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:

se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,

id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—

As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:

sua cujusque animantis natura est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:

sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,

id. Pis. 20, 46:

sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:

suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,

id. Off. 3, 6, 30:

ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:

ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,

id. 26, 8, 11:

animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,

id. 22, 5, 8:

tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,

id. 44, 39, 5:

suus cuique (stellae) color est,

Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:

trahit sua quemque voluptas,

Verg. E. 2, 65:

stat sua cuique dies,

id. A. 10, 467.—

As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):

opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,

Liv. 6, 12, 3.—

As adjunct of subj.-acc.:

suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—

As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:

ut suo quemque appellem nomine,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:

placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:

ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

id. Off. 1, 33, 119:

justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:

in tribuendo suum cuique,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,

Liv. 1, 52, 4:

in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,

Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:

certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,

Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:

Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,

Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—

Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.

Attraction of suus:

ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),

id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),

Liv. 45, 29, 10:

equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),

id. 3, 22, 6:

cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,

id. 25, 17, 5:

legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),

Tac. A. 14, 27:

quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,

Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):

sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),

Col. 3, 1;

and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),

Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —

Attraction of quisque:

tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):

quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,

Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:

cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,

Varr. L. L. 10, 48:

in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,

id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:

separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),

Liv. 24, 3, 5:

ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),

Suet. Aug. 40;

and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;

so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),

each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

suo quoque loco,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:

opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,

Col. 11, 3:

suo quoque tempore,

Vitr. 2, 9, 4:

nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),

Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:

ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,

ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—

In the order quisque... suus.

In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:

ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.

with sibi,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:

expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

id. Off. 1, 31, 113:

neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,

Liv. 32, 19, 9:

gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,

id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:

in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—

If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:

in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,

Liv. 21, 48, 2:

in patriam quisque suam remissus est,

Just. 33, 2, 8:

in vestigio quemque suo vidit,

Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:

hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,

id. 33, 45, 6:

pro facultatibus quisque suis,

id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:

respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,

Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:

praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,

id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:

tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,

id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:

summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—

Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:

oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,

Ov. F. 2, 715. —

When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:

atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —

Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:

suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:

ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:

cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,

Liv. 1, 25, 1:

ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,

id. 21, 29, 5:

utraque (lex) sua via it,

Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.

uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,

Liv. 26, 48, 6.—

With sibi.

Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):

reddam suum sibi,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,

for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;

I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.

the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,

Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—

With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):

quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:

eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,

id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—

With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:

quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,

that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:

qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,

id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:

unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—

With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,

to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,

id. Sest. 5, 12:

qua gravitate sua,

id. ib. 61, 129:

suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,

that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:

in istum civem suum,

against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:

cum illo suo pari,

id. Pis. 8, 18:

te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?

id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:

dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,

for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:

non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,

by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:

nullo suo merito,

from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:

ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

With descriptive adjj.

Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):

suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,

Cic. Pis. 31, 76:

causam sui dementissimi consilii,

id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:

suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,

id. ib. 11, 3, 8:

suis amplissimis fortunis,

id. ib. 13, 8, 16:

suum pristinum morem,

id. Pis. 12, 27:

suis lenissimis postulatis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—

Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):

pro eximiis suis beneficiis,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

propter summam suam humanitatem,

id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

ex praeteritis suis officiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 60:

Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,

id. ib. 3, 76.—

After adj. and noun:

veterem amicum suum excepit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,

id. Sest. 54, 116.—

Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):

neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),

Sall. C. 51, 11; so,

neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),

Cic. Balb. 14, 32:

suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),

Tac. A. 3, 16; so,

nulla sua invidia,

Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—

Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:

si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,

Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—

Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.

By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:

quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:

ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ferri suopte pondere,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:

suapte natura,

id. Fat. 18, 42:

suapte vi et natura,

id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:

suopte ingenio,

Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:

suapte manu,

Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:

locus suapte natura infestus,

Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,

suapte natura,

id. 4, 22, 4:

flumina suapte natura vasta,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:

sponte suapte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—

With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):

suomet ipsi more,

Sall. J. 31, 6:

suomet ipsi instrumento,

Liv. 22, 14, 13:

suomet ipsi metu,

Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:

suamet ipsum pecunia,

Sall. J. 8, 2:

suamet ipsae fraude,

Liv. 8, 18, 9:

intra suamet ipsum moenia,

id. 6, 36, 4:

suismet ipsi praesidiis,

id. 8, 25, 6:

suismet ipsis corporibus,

id. 2, 19, 5:

suosmet ipsi cives,

id. 2, 9, 5:

suasmet ipse spes,

Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:

populum suimet sanguinis mercede,

Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:

magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,

id. ib. 2, 52 ib.

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;

so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.

Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).

With antecedent in the same sentence.

The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.

His:

Caesar copias suas divisit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 97:

ille in sua sententia perseverat,

id. ib. 1, 72:

tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. ib. 2, 37:

cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?

id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,

Liv. 26, 40, 7:

imperat princeps civibus suis,

Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:

nemo rem suam emit,

id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—

Her:

mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:

utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

si nunc facere volt era officium suom,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:

ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,

id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—

Its:

omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,

id. Planc. 40, 95.—

Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

mittent aliquem de suo numero,

id. ib. 11, 10, 25:

rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,

id. Sest. 14, 32:

suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;

and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,

some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—

With a subject-clause as antecedent:

id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:

ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

id. 3, 62, 1:

secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,

id. 35, 14, 4. —

With subject-acc. as antecedent:

hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

cupio eum suae causae confidere,

id. Sest. 64, 135:

suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,

id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

With object-acc. as antecedent.

Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):

hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,

he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:

hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,

id. Sest. 68, 142:

Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

illum ulciscentur mores sui,

id. Att. 9, 12, 2:

quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,

id. Or. 1, 14:

utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,

Liv. 1, 7, 1:

quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,

id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:

quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,

id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:

consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,

Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:

quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?

Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:

sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,

id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:

ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,

Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —

With impers. verbs:

sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,

id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:

jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,

Liv. 10, 7, 8:

militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,

id. 22, 12, 10.—

As adjunct of other members of the sentence:

ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:

totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:

Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:

introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,

Sall. C. 28, 1:

suis flammis delete Fidenas,

i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:

suo igni involvit hostes,

Tac. A. 14, 30:

quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?

Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.

with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—

With dat. as antecedent.

As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):

suus rex reginae placet,

a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:

ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:

Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?

Cic. Sull. 2, 7:

si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?

id. Planc. 33, 81:

haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:

Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,

Liv. 21, 50, 4:

sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,

id. 42, 50, 7:

Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

id. 8, 14, 2:

vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:

nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,

id. Ep. 115, 17:

labor illi suus restitutus est,

id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:

magnitudo sua singulis constat,

id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:

tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,

id. Ep. 53, 11. —

With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—

Of other words:

regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:

mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:

ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,

id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:

nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,

id. 39, 37, 6:

Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,

id. 25, 3, 5.—

With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:

nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,

id. Att. 14, 13, 12:

suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,

the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:

cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,

Liv. 22, 42, 12:

nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,

Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:

Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:

in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:

operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):

(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—

With predic. nom. as antecedent:

sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,

Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—

With appositive noun.

With gram. subject as antecedent:

hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,

id. Lig. 4, 11:

Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—

With object as antecedent:

Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,

id. Lig. 12, 36:

Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,

Liv. 22, 34, 2.—

With appositive noun as antecedent:

si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,

Liv. 6, 34, 5:

C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,

Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—

In participial clauses.

The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:

credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:

stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,

Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:

manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),

Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:

et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,

Liv. 22, 60, 9:

quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—

The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:

sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:

ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,

Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:

Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,

Liv. 25, 15, 1:

(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,

id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—

The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:

M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:

si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:

ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),

Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.

with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,

id. 7, 29, 7.—

In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:

mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—

With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:

cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,

id. Sest. 23, 51:

nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—

With antecedent dependent on the gerund:

eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—

As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:

magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?

Cic. Mil. 15, 40:

neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,

his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:

Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,

id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:

totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,

id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.

Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.

Dependent on subject-inff.:

ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,

Cic. Mur. 7, 16:

siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,

id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:

contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,

id. Par. 6, 51:

ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23:

detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24:

suis exemplis melius est uti,

Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:

levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,

Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;

29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:

quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:

cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,

id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:

Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—

Without a subject-inf.:

omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),

Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):

non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.

With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.

In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.

In infinitive clauses:

(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,

Cic. Mil. 32, 88:

(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,

id. Cael. 10, 24:

ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:

hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,

Caes. B. C. 2, 16:

docent, sui judicii rem non esse,

id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:

hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.

also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—

Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:

scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:

isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,

Liv. 44, 8, 4. —

Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:

Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3:

(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,

Liv. 42, 25, 12:

Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),

id. 1, 13, 2:

Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,

Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:

ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,

Gell. 1, 8, 5. —

In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:

(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;

16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,

id. Marcell. 3, 10:

quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?

Sen. Troad. 3, 13:

querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88;

and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,

id. 9, 3, 68. —

In interrogative clauses:

si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:

ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:

donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,

Liv. 6, 27, 8:

rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,

id. 23, 39, 2:

postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,

id. 43, 19, 5. —

In a virtually oblique clause.

In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:

me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:

quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,

Liv. 43, 23, 5:

(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,

id. 26, 13, 16:

oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,

id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:

tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,

Liv. 10, 20, 7:

Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,

Nep. Dat. 7, 3:

quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?

Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —

In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:

Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),

Cic. Sull. 5, 15:

Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),

id. Att. 2, 1, 12:

non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:

ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?

id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,

Liv. 6, 18, 4:

(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,

id. 1, 21, 3:

adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,

id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).

In the place of ejus.

In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):

Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,

Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:

oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,

Liv. 1, 17, 2:

C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,

Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:

Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,

Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:

quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—

To avoid ambiguity:

petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),

Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,

Liv. 1, 37, 3.—

Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,

his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,

quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,

Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—

Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):

tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,

Cato, R. R. 31:

vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,

id. ib. 37:

qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,

id. ib. 157:

Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,

Nep. Cim. 3, 1:

id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,

id. Lys. 1, 2:

ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,

Ov. F. 6, 601:

quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,

id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.

In partic.

As substt.

sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.

(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:

cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,

fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,

her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:

quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,

his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:

qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,

their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,

to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,

his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:

Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,

Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

Caesar receptui suorum timens,

id. ib. 3, 46:

certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,

id. ib. 2, 20:

omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,

id. ib. 2, 37: so,

Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,

id. ib. 3, 86:

Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,

to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:

naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,

a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:

multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,

id. ib. 1, 19:

nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,

his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:

rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,

his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:

subsidio suorum proelium restituere,

comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:

feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,

their young, id. 26, 13, 12:

abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,

his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:

Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,

their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:

ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,

Liv. 39, 16, 5.—

Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;

the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,

id. Or. 3, 2, 8:

quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,

Liv. 37, 41, 8:

auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,

id. 37, 12:

quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—

Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—

Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:

cedo quid hic faciet sua?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—

sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.

Lit.:

nec suom adimerem alteri,

his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):

nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),

id. ib. 1, 2, 119:

illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:

populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:

nec donare illi de suo dicimur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;

(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —

Trop.:

meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;

id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—

Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:

pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,

Dig. 41, 10, 1;

so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,

ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;

similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,

id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —