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1 ἕπομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `follow, accompany'.Other forms: Ipf. εἱπόμην, fut. ἕψομαι, aor. ἑσπόμην, inf. σπέσθαι (Il.); ἑσπ-έσθαι, - όμενος, - οίμην certain only since A. R., who also has as innovation the present ἕσπεται;Dialectal forms: Myc. eqeta \/hekʷetās\/, eqesijo \/ hekʷesios\/, s. Gérard-Rousseau, Les mentions rlig. 91-94.Derivatives: ἑπέτᾱς `who accompanies' (Pi.), = myk. e-qe-ta; - τις f. (A. R.); further ἀοσσέω, ὀπάων, ὀπάζω, s. v.; cf. ὀπηδός.Etymology: Identical with Skt. sácate, Av. hačaitē (= ἕπεται, IE *sekʷ-̯etai); further Lat. sequor = OIr. sechur, Lith. sekù, sèkti `follow'; doubtful is the Germ. word for `to see', Goth. saíƕan etc. - The aorist ἑσπόμην stands (with secondary aspiration after ἕπομαι like εἱπόμην) for *ἐ-σπ-; the form ἑσπέσθαι, certain only in hellen. times, is secondary. Debrunner Μνήμης χάριν 1, 81ff. - W.-Hofmann s. sequor.Page in Frisk: 1,544-545Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕπομαι
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2 γάλα
γάλα, γάλακτοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `milk' (Il.);Other forms: Rare forms dat. γάλακι (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. γάλατος (Pap.), τοῦ γάλα (Pl. Com.). - Also γλάγος n. (Β 471). Other forms: γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος H.; κλάγος γάλα. Κρῆτες H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν H.; and γλακτο-φάγος (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).Compounds: Old is γαλα-θη-νός `sucking milk' (Od.) from γάλα and θῆσθαι; on the suffix cf. ἀγανός etc. (Schwyzer 452), also τιθήνη. γαλακτο-πότης (Hdt.) etc. On γάλα as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.Derivatives: γαλακτίς ( πέτρα) name of a stone (Orph.) = γαλακτίτης (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53), both also plant names = τιθύμαλλος (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); γάλαξ name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); γάλιον s. v. - Adj.: γαλακτώδης (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: γαλακτίζω, γαλακτόομαι, γαλακτιάω. - With ξ (from τ assibilated before ι?) γαλαξίας ( κύκλος) `Milky Way' (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also γαλακτίας Ptol.); γαλάξια n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which Γαλαξιών months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον H. (cf. γάλιον); perhaps from *γαλακτ-μόν (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares ἀδαλτόμον. - γάλαγγα s.v. - From γλάγος late γλαγερός, γλαγόεις; also περιγλαγής (Π 642) and γλαγάω (AP). -Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. lac. - The basis of the Greek forms is * galakt- or * glakt- seen in γλακτο-φάγος (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to * glakt. From * galakt, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on γυνή) γάλα, and analogical γάλακτος. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the -t originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. yákr̥-t (s. ἧπαρ). As the nom. lost its final consonants (* galakt \> * galak \> γάλα), the intermediate stage could have given the t-less forms. The Armenian forms, class. kat`n, dial. kaxc` have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate *kaɫt`- with al \< *l̥ ) from *gl̥kt-m, *gl̥kt-s resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. lac MIr. lacht etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from *mlg\/k from the root of ἀμέλγω, is impossible (as this root was *h₂melǵ-). - Old Chin. lak `Kumys' in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. raky, araky; from where Arab. ' araq, Japan. sake etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. lac, Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. galaktar `Besänftigung, s. Tischler HEW.Page in Frisk: 1,283-284Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γάλα
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3 γάλακτος
γάλα, γάλακτοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `milk' (Il.);Other forms: Rare forms dat. γάλακι (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. γάλατος (Pap.), τοῦ γάλα (Pl. Com.). - Also γλάγος n. (Β 471). Other forms: γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος H.; κλάγος γάλα. Κρῆτες H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν H.; and γλακτο-φάγος (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).Compounds: Old is γαλα-θη-νός `sucking milk' (Od.) from γάλα and θῆσθαι; on the suffix cf. ἀγανός etc. (Schwyzer 452), also τιθήνη. γαλακτο-πότης (Hdt.) etc. On γάλα as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.Derivatives: γαλακτίς ( πέτρα) name of a stone (Orph.) = γαλακτίτης (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53), both also plant names = τιθύμαλλος (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); γάλαξ name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); γάλιον s. v. - Adj.: γαλακτώδης (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: γαλακτίζω, γαλακτόομαι, γαλακτιάω. - With ξ (from τ assibilated before ι?) γαλαξίας ( κύκλος) `Milky Way' (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also γαλακτίας Ptol.); γαλάξια n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which Γαλαξιών months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον H. (cf. γάλιον); perhaps from *γαλακτ-μόν (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares ἀδαλτόμον. - γάλαγγα s.v. - From γλάγος late γλαγερός, γλαγόεις; also περιγλαγής (Π 642) and γλαγάω (AP). -Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. lac. - The basis of the Greek forms is * galakt- or * glakt- seen in γλακτο-φάγος (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to * glakt. From * galakt, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on γυνή) γάλα, and analogical γάλακτος. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the -t originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. yákr̥-t (s. ἧπαρ). As the nom. lost its final consonants (* galakt \> * galak \> γάλα), the intermediate stage could have given the t-less forms. The Armenian forms, class. kat`n, dial. kaxc` have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate *kaɫt`- with al \< *l̥ ) from *gl̥kt-m, *gl̥kt-s resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. lac MIr. lacht etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from *mlg\/k from the root of ἀμέλγω, is impossible (as this root was *h₂melǵ-). - Old Chin. lak `Kumys' in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. raky, araky; from where Arab. ' araq, Japan. sake etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. lac, Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. galaktar `Besänftigung, s. Tischler HEW.Page in Frisk: 1,283-284Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γάλακτος
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4 δεσπότης
δεσπότης, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `master (of the house), lord' (Pi.; on its absence in Homer [ δέσποινα Od.] s. Wackernagel Unt. 209 A. 1).Derivatives: δέσποινα `mistress of the house, lady' (Od.); δεσποινικός `in the service of the queen' ( PMasp. 88, 10, VIp); also δεσπότις `id.' (S.), rare δεσπότειρα (S. Fr. 1040), δεσπότρια (Sch. E. Hek. 397); on the feminin forms Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 27; on NGr. δεσποινίς Schwyzer 133. Rare dimin. δεσποτίσκος (E.), δεσποτίδιον (Aristaenet.). - Adj. δεσπόσυνος `beloning to the lord' (Tyrt., h. Cer.), with δεσποσύνη `lordship' (Hdt.); δεσπόσιος `id.' (A.), δεσποτικός (Pl.), δεσπότειος (Lyk.). - Denomin. δεσπόζω `be lord' (Ion.-Att.); δέσποσμα (Man.). δεσποτέω `id.', `obey a δ.' (A.). δεσποτεύω `id.' (LXX); δεσποτεία (Pl.).Etymology: Cf. Skt. dámpati- (also in two words pátir dán), Av. dǝng paitiš `lord'. In Greek it became a fixed compound, which for the i-stem (s. πόσις) became an ā-stem (after old examples, cf. Lat. agricola, ἀγκυλο-μήτης beside μῆτις; Schwyzer 451). δέσποινα from *δεσ-ποτ-νι̯α. - The first part, IE * dems- (from which Gr. δεσ-, Skt. dam-), is the genetive of a word for `house' (s. δόμος). - An old synonym is Lith. viẽšpats; s. οἶκος.Page in Frisk: 1,370-371Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δεσπότης
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5 δμώς
δμώς, - ωόςGrammatical information: m.Other forms: also δμῶος (Hes. Op. 430; also Call. Hek. 1, 4, 15 after Gomperz); - f. pl. δμω-ιαί ( δμῳαί) `slave-women' (Il.), sec. sg. δμῳή (Q. S.), for *δμῶ-ι̯ᾰ, *δμῳ̃α?; for the accent cf. ἄγυια: ἀγυιαί and Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 118f.; also δμωΐς (A.) and δμωϊάς, δμῳάς (Q. S.).Compounds: On the compound ὑπο-δμώς δ 386 s. Sommer A. u. Sprw. 26.Derivatives: Adj. δμώ-ϊος (AP). - Abstract μνώ-ια ( μνο-ΐα, μνῴα) serfs in Crete (Str.) with μνωΐτης, μνοΐτης, μνῴτης (Hermon ap. Ath. 6, 267c, Poll.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 29, Bechtel Dial. 2, 790); on δμ \> μν cf. μεσό-μνη \< μεσό-δμη; s. Schwyzer 208.Etymology: To δόμος `house' with the same formation as in πάτρως ( ōu-stem; Schwyzer 479f,). S. also Fraenkel Glotta 32, 23.Page in Frisk: 1,402-403Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δμώς
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6 δοῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slave, servant', also as adj. with the comp. δουλότερος (Hdt.); δούλη f. `slave-woman, maid' (Il.); on the extension E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 74f.Other forms: δῶλος Cret.;Compounds: many subst. and adj. compp.Derivatives: δουλίς f. (Hyp.; cf. Schwyzer 127 and 465) with δουλίδιον (H.), δουλάριον (Ar.). - δουλοσύνη `servanthood' (Ion., Od.; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 226) with δουλόσυνος (E. Hek. 448 [lyr.]); s. Frisk Eranos 43, 220. - δούλιος, - ειος `slavish, of a servant' (Hom.), δούλεος `id.' (A. R.), δουλικός `id.' (Att. etc.), δουλικά ( σώματα) n. pl. `slaves' (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.). - Denomin. δουλεύω `be slave, serve' (Ion.-Att.) with δουλεία, ion. - ηΐη `servanthood', δούλευμα `id.' (trag.; s. Chantr. Form. 186), δουλεύτρια `female servant' (Eust.); δουλόομαι, - όω `be made servant' (Ion.-Att.) with δούλωσις (Th.) and δουλωτικός (Plu.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The forms point to *δόελος, prob. from *δοhελος. One adduces: δοῦλος ἡ οἰκία, η την ἐπὶ τὸ αὑτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν H. (unclear δωλοδομεῖς οἰκογενεῖς; wrong Schulze Q. 95 A. 3); the word has been changed in δοῦμος (Latte after Wackernagel; aigainst the word order), but there is no conclusion. The word is in any case a loan, acc. to Lambertz Glotta 6, 1ff. from Carian or Lydian (thus Benveniste Rev. d. ét. lat. 10, 438f.); Risch, Kratylos 29 (1984) 96f. remarks that then the word would have appeared much later (than Myc), but it could as well be Pre-Greek. Neumann (FS Risch)1986, 489-496) started from *dm̥-sel-o- \> * doh-elo-, with sel- the root of ἑλεῖν. But `home-taken' does not give the right meaning (while Fr. domestique is perfect), and for o \< *m̥ in Attica etc. he gives only ὄπατρος as example.Page in Frisk: 1,412Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δοῦλος
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7 δρόσος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dew', often of several fluids (Hdt., Pi.); in A. Ag. 141 (lyr., pl.) = `young animals' ( λεόντων), thus Call. Hek. 1, 2, 3; after Bechtel Lex. 139 and Benveniste BSL 45, 102 A. 1 metonymia; diff. Leumann Hom. Wörter 258 n. 11; cf. on ἕρσαι.Other forms: on the genus Schwyzer-Debrunner 32 n. 4, 34 n. 1)Derivatives: Adjectives `dewy, fluid': δροσόεις (Sapph.), δροσώδης (com.), δροσερός (E.), δροσινός (AP), δρόσιμος (Plu.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 98). Abstract δροσία (Orac. ap. Luk. Alex. 53, Cat. Cod. Astr., also NGr.; on the meaning Scheller Oxytonierung 54f.). - Hypocorist. δροσαλλίς name of a Bithynian wine (Gp.); s. Chantr. Form. 252. - Denomin. δροσίζω `sprinkle, make dew' (Ar.) with δροσισμός (Olymp. Alch.); δροσόομαι `be sprinkled with dew' (Anakreont.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. Older views in Bq; wrong also Sapir Lang. 15, 185. No doubt Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,419-420Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δρόσος
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8 ἐλαχύς
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: ἐλάχεια hAP 197 (on the accent Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 115f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1172f., Schwyzer 379; ι 116, κ 509 as v. l. to λάχεια; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 54;, ἐλαχύ (AP); masc. also ἔλαχος (Call., s. Leumann l. c.);Compounds: As 1. member in ἐλαχυ-πτέρυξ, [ἐλα]χύ-νωτος (Pi.).Derivatives: Comp. ἐλά̄σσων, - ττων (Il.), Sup. ἐλᾰ́χιστος (Ion.-Att.). - From ἐλάσσων, - ττων (Schwyzer 731f.): denomin. ἐλασσόομαι, - ττόομαι `become smaller, be inferior, be damaged' (Ion.-Att.), - όω `diminish, damage' (Lys., Isok.) with ἐλάττωσις `diminution, disadvantage, want, loss' (Antipho Soph., Pl. Def., Arist.) and ἐλαττωτικός `not insisting on his rights, diminishing' (Arist.), ἐλάσσωμα, - ττωμα `id.' (D.). From ἔλασσον-, - ττον-: ἐλαττον-άκις `less often' (Pl., Arist., after πλεον-ακις), ἐλαττον-ότης `be inferior' (Iamb.; beside μειζον-ότης); ἐλασσον-έω, - ττονέω `have or give less, to be defective' (LXX, pap.), ἐλαττον-όω `diminish' (LXX). From ἐλάχιστος: ἐλαχιστ-άκις `very rarely' (Hp.), ἐλαχιστ-ιαῖος `of smallest size, infinitesimal' (Diog. Oen. 2).Etymology: Old adjective, identical with Skt. laghú-, raghú- `quick, light, small', Av. ragu- `quick'; from an IE zero grade *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-ú-. The full grade h₁lengʷʰ- in Av. comp. rǝnǰyō (with analogical superlativ rǝnǰišta-), in Lith. lẽngvas and in Goth. leihts ` leicht', if, as prob., from PGm. * linχta-, IE * h₁lengʷʰ- to-. Toch. B laṅktse `light. Without nasal, with ĕ-vowel Lat. lĕvis `light, small, quick', with reduced vowel OCS lьgъ-kъ `light', with a-vowel Celt., e. g. OIr. comp. laigiu `smaller, worse', PCelt. *lag-i̯ōs (positive bec(c)). These forms cannot be all at once explained. W.-Hofmann s. levis, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lẽngvas, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lëgkij (2, 24). - The vowellength in ἐλά̄σσων is secondary, s. Schwyzer 538 w. n. 4; also Seiler Steigerungsformen 43f.Page in Frisk: 1,484-485Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαχύς
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9 ἐρέτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `rower' (Il.),Compounds: As 2. member in ὑπ-ηρέτης, s. v.Derivatives: ἐρετικός `concerning the rowers' (Att.); collective abstrakt εἰρεσίη, - ία ( εἰ- metr. lengthening, maintained in prose) `the rowers' (Od.); denomin. verb ἐρέσσω, rare Att. ἐρέττω, aor. ἐρέσ(σ)αι `row' (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 725). - Beside these the noun instr. ἐρετμόν n. `oar' (Il.) with ἐρετμόω `complete with oars' (E.), PN Έρετμεύς (θ 111; Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 121). - Here also the PN Έρέτρια as "the rowing (town)". - On themselves the nouns in - ηρης and - ερος, - ορος like τρι-ήρης `three-rower' (Ion.-Att.), ἁλι-ήρης `rowing the sea' ( κώπη E. Hek. 455 [lyr.]), πεντηκόντερος, πεντηκόντ-ορος `fifty-rower' (Ion.-Att.), s. below.Etymology: The agent noun ἐρέ-της points like the synonymous Skt. ari-tár- (= Gr. *ἐρε-τήρ (* h₁erh₁-) in Έρέτρ-ιᾱ) to a disyllabic primary verb `row', which in Greek was replaced by the denominative ἐρέσσω (uncertain Myc. e-re-e), but is present in other languages: Lith. iriù, ìrti (with acute, agreeing with disyllabic ἐρε-, \< *h₁r̥h₁-), Germ., e. g. ONo. rōa, Celt., e. g. OIr. imb-rā `row, sail' (IE rō- against rē- (i. e. * h₁reh₁- * h₁roh₁-) in Lat. rēmus, cf. below). Traces of this verb in Greek in τρι-ήρης `three-rower' etc. (with compositional lengthening and ending after the σ-stems), πεντηκόντ-ερος, - ορος `fifty-rower' etc. (after the ο-stems, also with - ο- after - γονος, - φορος a. o.; not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 327 vowel-harmony). Perhaps with το-suffix (Lesb.) τέρρητον τριήρης H., if with Brugmann IF 13, 152f. haplological for *τερρ-έρητον \< *τρι-έρητον, cf. Schwyzer 274. - On influence of ἐρέτης rests prob. the form ἐρετμόν against Skt. arí-tr-a- `oar' (from ari-tár-), Lat. rēmus (formation unclear). - Details in Schwyzer KZ 63, 52ff., Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 3f.; further Pok. 338, W.-Hofmann s. rēmus.Page in Frisk: 1,553-554Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέτης
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