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21 ποδάρκης
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: adjunct of Achilles ( ποδάρκης δῖος Άχιλλεύς Il.), also of Hermes (B.), of δρόμοι and ἡμέρα (Pi.); also as adjunct of a remedy against gout (Gal.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prop. `keeping off or helping with the feet, i.e. `quickfooted' = ποδώκης; in Gal. = `helping the feet'; from ἀρκέω in the older ep. meaning `keep off, help', not (wiht Bechtel Lex. s. v.) in the younger meaning `be sufficient'. On ποδάρκης beside ποδώκης and πόδας ὠκύς Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 6, Bergson Eranos 54, 69.Page in Frisk: 2,569Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποδάρκης
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22 ῥαδινός
Grammatical information: adj.Other forms: βράδινος (Sapph.). Beside it ῥοδανός adjunct of δονακεύς (Σ 576; vv.ll. ῥαδινός, ῥαδαλός); to which ῥοδάν-η f. `weft thread' (Batr. a.o.) with - ίζω (sch. a.o.), - ιστήριον (gloss.); also ῥαδανός, -η, - ίζω (II.), - ᾶται πλανᾶται H., βραδανίζει ῥιπίζει, τινάσσει H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formations like πυκ-ινός, πιθ-ανός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 197f., 201) from unknown basis (*ῥαδεῖν, *ῥάδος, *ῥόδος?). Since Düntzer KZ 13, 6 f. connected with the semant. sightly unclear περι-ρρηδής (s.v.); to this (Lobeck Paralip. 156) also ῥαδές τὸ ἀμφοτέρως ἐγκεκλιμένον H. It may also be connected with ῥάδαμνος (s.v.), with Düntzer (so to be separated from ῥάδιξ?). Further perh. also the Arc. PN Ϝράδων. Unclear ῥαδανῶροι οἱ τῶν λαχάνων κηπουροί H. (rejected by Bechtel Dial. 2,420; to be rejected v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 11). Improbable on ῥαδινός: ῥαδανός Güntert Reimwortbildungen 129. -- From other languages have been adduced: Skt. ávradanta 3. pl. ipf. approx. `loosened, made themselves loose (stagger?)' ἅπ. λεγ. (RV2,24,3); Germ., Goth. wraton ' πορεύεσθαι, διοδεύειν', OWNo. rata `id.'; also Lith. randù, ràsti `find' (s. Fraenkel s.v.); all hypothetic. Details in Bechtel Lex. s. περιρρηδής; older discussion by Curtius 352. -- (Hardly further to u̯er- `turn, bow' WP. 1, 273f., Pok. 1153.) -- The variation *u̯rad-\/u̯rod- shows that it is a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,638Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥαδινός
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23 ῥέθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `face, countenance' (S. Ant. 529, E. HF 1205 [both anap.], Theoc. 29, 16, Lyc. 1137), `body' (Lyc. 173), meaning un χερταιν (Sapph. 22, 3); pl. `faces' (A. R. 2, 68), `limb' (Theoc. 23, 39); older meaning unclear ( ἐκ ῥεθέων Π 856 = Χ 362, Χ 68); cf. ῥεθέων σπλάγχνων, μελῶν, σωμάτων H.; sch. on Χ 68 proposes `face, mouth', also `nostrils', the last of which is preferred by Leumann Hom. Wörter 218ff. (where older lit.) because of the plur. Cf. Snell, Entdeckung des Geistes 24-6, who demonstratess the transition from the literal meaning (a bodypart) to `body'.Compounds: As 1. member in Aeol. ῥεθο-μαλίδας, after sch. on Χ 68 = εὑπροσώπους; litt. "with face-apples". As the meaning `face, countenance', by gramm. given as Aeolic, is certain, we have to start from this in explaining the word. Both an older ep. meaning `mouth' and `figure, body' seems possible; cf. e.g. Lat. ōs `mouth, face', faciēs `figure, face'; the plur. could be after μέλεα, στήθεα, στέρνα, νῶτα a.o. On the meaning in Hom. cf. Vivante Arch. glottol. it. 40, 41 f. -- An orig. mening `nostril(s)' fits excellently, and the transition to `face' or `body' is unproblematic.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No convincing etymology. If we can trust the byform ῥόθος in EM 701, 34, the word must be IE and the θ must belong to the root [but this is doubtful]. Against connection with Skt. várdhati `grow' (to which a.o. Slav., e.g. Russ. rod `lineage, birh', Czech. ú-roda `figure, beauty') as *`figure' (= 'Wuchs'), Frisk IF 49, 101 ff., tells, as Leumann l.c. rightly remarks, the lack of the Ϝ- (β-) in Aeol. ῥέθος. Diff. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 31 ff. (agreeing Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 190 n. 4): to ῥίς, ῥέω; neither morpholog. nor semant. convincing. -- An orig. mening `nostril(s)' fits excellently, and the transition to `face' or `body' is unproblematic.Page in Frisk: 2,648Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέθος
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24 σαῦλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: Poet. adj. of unclear and varying meaning, referring to walk(ing) and movement (cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 253 a. 295): σαῦλα βαίνειν h. Merc. 28 (of a tortoise), Anacr. 168 (Bacchantes), Semon. 18 (horse), σαῦλαι Βασσαρίδες (Anacr. 55), by H. explained with κοῦφα, ἥσυχα, τρυφερά resp. with ἁβρόν, κοῦφον, ἄκρον, τρυφερόν; after sch. Ar. V. 1169 = τὸ φαῦλον καὶ διερρυηκός, so approxim. `light, dainty, delicate, prancing'?; as 1. member in σαυλο-πρωκτιάω (Ar. V. 1173).Derivatives: σαυλόομαι (E. Kyk. 40: κῶμοι... ἀοιδαῖς βαρβίτων σαυλούμενοι), after H. τρυφᾶν, θρύπτεσθαι, ἐναβρύνεσθαι, δια- σαῦλος (Ar. Fr. 624; διασαυλούμενον διακινούμενον καὶ ἐναβρυνόμενον, η διασειόμενον H.), with σαύλωμα θρύμμα H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Rhyming to φαῦλος and perh. arisen through cross with it; other adj. barytona in - λος are μάχλος, κτίλος, ἕωλος. Besides with ν-suffix σαυνά ( σαῦνα?) ἁπαλά H. -- Already because of the uncleare meaning etymolog. difficult to determine. Cf. on σαύρα. -- Prob. belongs to a group (see s.v. σαυκός) of Pre-Greek words.Page in Frisk: 2,682-683Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαῦλος
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25 στείβω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tread (on something), to densify by treading, to trod, to trample' (ep. poet. since Λ 534 a. Υ 499).Other forms: only presentst. except aor. κατ-έστειψας (S. OC 467; not quite certain), vbaladj. στιπτός (v. l. - ει-) `trodden solid, solid, hard'(S., Ar.), ἄ- στείβω `untrodden' (S.; also OGI 606?).Derivatives: στοιβή f. `stuffing, cushion, bulge etc.'; often as plantname `Poterium spinosum', of which the leaves were used to fill up (Hp., Ar., Arist., Epid. [IVa] etc.), with στοιβ-ίον `id.' (Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 10), - άς = στιβάς, - ηδόν `crammed in' (Arist.-comm.), - άζω, rarely w. δια- a.o., `to fill, to stuff' (Hdt., LXX a.o.), from which - αστός, - αστής, - ασις, - άσιμος, - ασία (hell. a. late). -- Besides zero grade nouns: A. στίβος m. `(trodden) road, path, footstep, trail' (ep. Ion. poet. since h. Merc.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 318), `fuller's workshop' (pap. IIIa). From this 1. στιβάς, - άδος f. `bed of straw, reed or leaves, mattress, bed, grave' (IA.) with - άδιον n. `id'. (hell. a. late), - αδεύω `to use like straw' (Dsc.). 2. στιβεύς m. `hound' (Opp.), `fuller' (pap.), = ὁδευτής (H.), - εύω `to track' (D. S., Plu., H.), = πορεύεσθαι (H.) with - εία f. `the tracking etc.' (D. S. a.o.), - εῖον n. `fuller's workshop' (pap.), - ευτής m. `hound' (Sostrat. ap. Stob.); also - ίη = - εία (Opp.; metr. cond.). 3. στιβική f. `fuller's tax' (pap. IIIa). 4. στιβάζω `to enter, to track etc.' with - ασις f. (late). 5. ἐστίβηται `has been tracked' perf. pass. (S. Aj. 874; στιβέω or - άω?). 6. ἄ-στιβ-ος `unentered' (AP), usu. - ής `id.' (A., S., also X. a.o.; joined to the εσ-stems and connected with the verb), - ητος `id.' (Lyc. a.o.; cf. ἐστίβηται). 7. Στίβων name of a dog (X. Cyn.). -- B. στιβαρός `solid, compact, massive, strong' (ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose); like βριαρός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 227, also Benveniste Origines 19; cf. also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 49, - αρηδόν adv. `compact' (opposite σποράδην; late). -- C. With long vowel στί̄βη f. `ripe' (Od., Call.), - ήεις (Call.); on the meaning cf. πάγος, πάχνη to πήγνυμι.Etymology: From the Greek material the essential meaning appears to be the idea `tread (with the feet), make solid, fill up, press together' ( στοιβή, στιβάς, στι-βαρός), from where `tread' with `path, trace, track' ( στείβω, στίβος, στιβεύω). -- Exact agreements outside Greek for στείβω and related στίβος, στιβαρός are missing. Nearest comes Arm. stēp, gen. -oy `frequent, incessant, permanent' (adj. and adv.; on the meaning cf. πυκνός) with stip-em `press, urge', -aw, -ov `quick, diligent(ly)' from IE * stoibo- or * steibo-; so an exampel of the very rare IE b? Beside it with p the Lat. secondary formation stīpāre `press to gether, press, heap, fill up'; here also the Corinth. PN Στίπων (IG 4, 319)? -- To this can be connected in diff. languages on the one hand expressions for `fixed, stiff etc.': Germ., e.g. OE, MHG stīf `stiff, straight', Balt., e.g. Lith. stimpù, stìpti `become stiff or frozen', stiprùs `strong, steady'; on the other hand words for `bar, stalk, post etc.' in Lat. stīpes `pole, stem, bar', stipula `straw' and, with b (IE b as in στείβω), Lith., e.g. stíebas `mast(tree), pillar, stalk etc.', Slav., e.g. Russ. stébelь `stalk' etc. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP 2, 646ff., Pok. 1015f., W.-Hofmann s. stīpō, stips, stipula, Fraenkel and Vasmer s. vv. (Not hereVgl. στῖφος, στιφρός.)Page in Frisk: 2,781-782Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείβω
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