trŭcīdo

* * *

trŭcīdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [perh. for truci-cidare, i. e. truncum caedere], to cut to pieces, to slay or kill cruelly, to slaughter, butcher, massacre (class.; syn.: obtrunco, jugulo, perimo).

Lit.:

cavete neu capti sicut pecora trucidemini,

Sall. C. 58, 21; cf.:

pecus diripi, trucidari, Auct. B. Afr. 20, 6: cives Romanos necandos trucidandosque curavit,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

ne hic ibidem ante oculos vestros trucidetur,

id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

trucidando occidere,

Liv. 29, 18, 14:

quos ferro trucidari oportebat, eos nondum voce vulnero,

Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:

ne pueros coram populo Medea trucidet,

Hor. A. P. 185:

trucidatae legiones,

Tac. A. 2, 45:

nobilissum corpus ignobili saevitiā,

Val. Max. 9, 2, 2.—

Transf., to cut up, demolish; to destroy, ruin:

seu pisces seu porrum et caepe trucidas,

chew up, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 21:

haec (nubes) multo si forte umore recepit Ignem, continuo magno clamore trucidat,

i. e. extinguishes, Lucr. 6, 147:

juventus ne effundat patrimonium, ne fenore trucidetur,

Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

plebem fenore,

Liv. 6, 37, 2.

to kill cruelly, slay, butcher, massacre, slaughter.

* * *

con-trŭcīdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to hew or cut to pieces, to cut down, to put to the sword, slay (rare, but in good prose).

Prop.:

debilitato corpore et contrucidato se abjecit exanimatus (cf., shortly after, concisum vulneribus),

Cic. Sest. 37, 79; so,

plebem immisso milite,

Sen. Ira, 1, 2, 3:

universos,

Suet. Calig. 28; cf. id. ib. 48; id. Ner. 43 al.:

taurorum opima corpora,

Sen. Ep. 115, 5:

bestias ad munus populi comparatas,

Suet. Caes. 75.—

Trop.:

hi summi imperii nomine armati rem publicam contrucidaverunt,

cut in pieces, Cic. Sest. 10, 24 (v. the figure in connection).

ē-nĕco or ēnĭco, cŭi (enicavit, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 71), ctum (less freq. enecatum; in the part. enecatus, Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127; 30, 12, 34, § 108;

and, enectus,

id. 7, 9, 7, § 47; 26, 15, 90, § 159), 1 (old form of the fut. perf. enicasso, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 55 and 66), v. a., to kill off, kill completely, to kill, [p. 646] stay (freq. and class., esp. in the transf. signif.; syn.: neco, interficio, interimo, conficio, caedo, occido, concido, trucido, jugulo, obtrunco, etc.).

Lit.:

puer ambo anguis enicat,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 67; id. Most. 1, 3, 62; id. Aul. 5, 22; id. Rud. 2, 5, 19; Varr. ap. Non. 81, 12; Plin. 23, 2, 31, § 63 et saep.:

cicer, ervum,

i. e. to stifle in growth, to destroy, Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 155; cf.

Bacchum (i. e. vinum),

Luc. 9, 434 (with exurere messes).—

Transf., in gen., to exhaust utterly, to wear out, destroy: enectus Tantalus siti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 Fischer N. cr.; cf. fame, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 17; Cic. Div. 2, 35; Liv. 21, 40 al.:

bos est enectus arando,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 87.—

In colloq. lang., to torment, torture, plague to death:

aliquem amando,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 41:

aliquem jurgio,

id. ib. 3, 2, 14:

aliquem odio,

id. As. 5, 2, 71; id. Pers. 1, 1, 49; id. Rud. 4, 3, 7:

aliquem rogitando,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 6;

and simply aliquem,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 120; id. Am. 5, 1, 4.—Esp. freq.:

enicas or enicas me,

you kill me, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 45; 2, 4, 25; id. Poen. 5, 4, 98; id. Truc. 1, 2, 21; Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 37; 5, 6, 16. —

Trop.:

ea pars animi, quae voluptate alitur, nec inopia enecta nec satietate affluenti,

Cic. Div. 1, 29, 61; cf. id. Att. 6, 1, 2.

interfĭcĭo, fēci, fectum (archaic pass.:

interfiat,

Lucr. 3, 872:

interfieri,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 131), 3, v. a. [inter-facio], to put between.

In gen. (rare):

terrae natura medicatas aquas interficit,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222 (al. inficiat).—

In partic.

To consume, devour: piscium magnam atque altilium vim, Lucil. ap. Non. 330, 31 al. —

To destroy, bring to naught:

messes,

Verg. G. 4, 330: herbas, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 450, 2:

usum, fructum, victum,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 4:

virginitatem,

App. M. 5, p. 160, 25.—

To kill, slay, murder (class.;

syn. neco, occido, trucido): aliquem,

Cic. Att. 13, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 12 fin.; 2, 23; Sall. Cat. 18, 5; Liv. 31, 18, 7 al.:

feras,

Lucr. 5, 1249.—With abl. of separation, to cut off from:

aliquem et vitā, et lumine,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 37.—With abl. of means:

anum siti fameque atque algu,

id. Most. 1, 3, 36.—

Esp. with se, to commit suicide: se ipsum, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

omnes desperatā salute se ipsi interficiunt,

Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 6; Liv. 31, 18, 7; Tac. A. 6, 18; Quint. 11, 1, 36; Curt. 6, 11, 20; Aug. Civ. Dei, 1, 17 fin. al.—

To interrupt:

sermonem,

App. M. 11, p. 269.

inter-nĕco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to kill, destroy (ante- and post-class.; cf.: interficio, trucido, etc.).

Lit.:

internecatis hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 34, 6. —

Transf.:

sementes,

Amm. 23, 6, 50: culmum, Prud. prooem. Apoth. 61.

occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem pugnis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,

to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:

occisum ad mortem,

wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—

In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

ejus copias,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:

ad unum omnes,

to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:

aliquem veneno,

to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:

occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,

Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:

et occidet eum lingua viperae,

Vulg. Job, 20, 16:

occisa sunt in terrae motu,

id. Apoc. 11, 13:

dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,

se occidere,

Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—

Transf.

To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:

aliā occidis fabulā,

id. Men. 5, 5, 23:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5:

legendo,

id. A. P. 475.—

To ruin, undo:

occidisti me tuis fallaciis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):

occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:

occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,

I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3, v. n. [obcado], to fall down, fall.

Lit.

In gen. (rare):

et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:

arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,

id. 23, 24.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 4:

Capra, Aquila, Canicula,

Col. 11, 2, 94:

occasura pars caeli,

i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,

ante solem obcasum,

before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:

donec lux occidat,

Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:

non occidet ultra sol tuus,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—

Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;

syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

in bello,

id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53:

sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,

Sall. J. 7, 2:

occiderit ferro Priamus?

Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:

minimo vulnere,

Ov. M. 6, 265.—

Transf., to perish, be ruined, lost, etc.

Of persons:

sin plane occidimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:

nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:

occidimus funditus,

Verg. A. 11, 413.—

Of things:

non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,

I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:

occidit spes nostra,

is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:

lumen (oculorum),

Lucr. 3, 414:

dolus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:

causa,

Lucr. 2, 790:

rem publicam occidere,

Cic. Dom. 30, 96:

vita,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

occidit ornatus (mundi),

perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

vestra beneficia occasura esse,

id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,

Hor. Epod. 1, 13:

cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,

Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.

occīdo, for occedo, q. v.

ob-trunco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to cut off, lop away; to trim, prune.

Lit. (post-Aug. and very rare):

vitem,

Col. 4, 29, 13.—

In gen., to cut down, cut to pieces, kill, slay, slaughter (not in Cic. or Cæs.;

syn.: trucido, jugulo, occido): ipsus Amphitruo optruncavit regem Pterelam in proelio,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259: (Medea) puerum interea obtruncat, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67: ceteri vice pecorum obtruncabantur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 497, 27:

caedere alios, alios obtruncare,

id. J. 97, 5:

regem,

Liv. 1, 5:

(hostes),

Sall. J. 67, 2:

cervos ferro,

Verg. G. 3, 374:

gallum,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 4, 10; Liv. 7, 26, 5; 8, 24, 9; 10, 38, 11; Curt. 6, 1, 1; Just. 16, 5, 15; Tac. H. 1, 80; 3, 12.

occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.

Lit.

In gen. (very rare):

aliquem pugnis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:

occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,

to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:

occisum ad mortem,

wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—

In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):

L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:

ejus copias,

id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:

ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:

ad unum omnes,

to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:

aliquem veneno,

to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:

occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,

Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:

et occidet eum lingua viperae,

Vulg. Job, 20, 16:

occisa sunt in terrae motu,

id. Apoc. 11, 13:

dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,

se occidere,

Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:

occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—

Transf.

To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:

aliā occidis fabulā,

id. Men. 5, 5, 23:

occidis saepe rogando,

Hor. Epod. 14, 5:

legendo,

id. A. P. 475.—

To ruin, undo:

occidisti me tuis fallaciis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):

occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:

occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,

I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.

occĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3, v. n. [obcado], to fall down, fall.

Lit.

In gen. (rare):

et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:

arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,

id. 23, 24.—

In partic.

Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:

soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,

Cat. 5, 4:

Capra, Aquila, Canicula,

Col. 11, 2, 94:

occasura pars caeli,

i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,

ante solem obcasum,

before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:

donec lux occidat,

Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:

non occidet ultra sol tuus,

Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—

Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;

syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:

in bello,

id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53:

sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,

Sall. J. 7, 2:

occiderit ferro Priamus?

Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:

minimo vulnere,

Ov. M. 6, 265.—

Transf., to perish, be ruined, lost, etc.

Of persons:

sin plane occidimus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:

nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:

occidimus funditus,

Verg. A. 11, 413.—

Of things:

non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,

I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:

occidit spes nostra,

is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:

lumen (oculorum),

Lucr. 3, 414:

dolus,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:

causa,

Lucr. 2, 790:

rem publicam occidere,

Cic. Dom. 30, 96:

vita,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:

occidit ornatus (mundi),

perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:

vestra beneficia occasura esse,

id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):

ab oriente ad occidentem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,

Hor. Epod. 1, 13:

cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:

validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,

Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.

occīdo, for occedo, q. v.

pĕrĭmo (orig. form pĕrĕmo, Cato ap. Fest. p. 217 Müll.), ēmi, emptum (emtum), 3, v. a. [per-emo], to take away entirely, to annihilate, extinguish, destroy; to cut off, hinder, prevent.

In gen. (class.;

syn.: perdo, deleo): penitus materiem omnem,

Lucr. 1, 226:

sensu perempto,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89: luna subito perempta est, was taken away, i. e. vanished, disappeared, id. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18:

divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor,

id. ib. 1, 12, 19:

Troja perempta,

destroyed, ruined, Verg. A. 5, 787:

corpus macie,

Liv. 2, 23; cf. id. 38, 21: ne quid consul auspici peremat, should hinder, prevent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 217 Müll.:

reditum,

Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

nisi aliqui casus consilium ejus peremisset,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33:

si causam publicam mea mors peremisset,

id. Sest. 22, 49; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 450, 5:

perimit urbem incendio,

Vulg. Jos. 11, 11.— Absol.:

sin autem (supremus ille dies) perimit ac delet omnino, quid melius, quam? etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117.—

In partic., to kill, slay ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

trucido): perempta et interempta pro interfectis poni solet a poëtis,

Fest. p. 217 Müll.; Lucr. 3, 886:

crudeli morte peremptus,

Verg. A. 6, 163:

aliquem caede,

id. ib. 9, 453:

sorte,

id. ib. 11, 110: hunc, ubi tam teneros volucres matremque peremit (trans. from Homer), Cic. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64; Ov. M. 8, 395:

conceptum abortu,

Plin. 3, 44, 69, § 172:

caedes fratrum indigne peremptorum,

Just. 7, 6.

trŭcīdātĭo, ōnis, f. [trucido], a slaughtering, massacring, butchery.

Lit.:

inde non jam pugna, sed trucidatio velut pecorum fleri,

Liv. 28, 16, 6:

civium,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 11.—In plur. absol.: tantas trucidationes facis, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12.—

Transf., a cutting to pieces, cutting up, cutting off, Cels. praef. med.:

arborum,

a lopping, trimming, Plin. 17, 27, 45, § 257.