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1 πρόβατον
πρόβατον, ου, τό (Hom.+; on the dat. pl. πρόβασι Hs 6, 1, 6 s. Herodian, Gramm. 1414, 10. πρόβασι βοσνήμασι Hesych p. 275 MSchmidt, as Schwyzer I 499)① sheep (on this mng. s. O. Wilck I 286; B-D-F §126, 1aα; L-S-J-M s.v. I. The more general senses ‘cattle’ or ‘small cattle’ scarcely merit serious attention for our lit., though they are barely poss. in certain passages.) Mt 12:11f; 18:12; Lk 15:4, 6 (on this parable: GNordberg, SEÅ 1, ’37, 55–63); Rv 18:13; B 16:5 (En 89:54ff); GJs 18:3 (codd.). As a sacrificial animal 1 Cl 4:1 (Gen 4:4); J 2:14f. πρόβατα σφαγῆς sheep to be slaughtered Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23). Defenseless in the midst of wolves Mt 10:16. In danger without a shepherd Mt 9:36; Mk 6:34 (both Num 27:17; cp. Ezk 34:5 and Jdth 11:19); Mt 26:31; Mk 14:27; B 5:12 (the three last Zech 13:7); 1 Cl 16:6f (Is 53:6f). ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων (cp. ἔνδυμα 2; Proverbia Aesopi 123 P. κρύπτειν τὸν λύκον προβάτου δορᾷ) Mt 7:15. The first fruits of the sheep belong to the prophets D 13:3. Jesus ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη … ἄφωνος (after Is 53:7) Ac 8:32 (cp. Vi. Aesopi G 48 P. a dispute over the question: διὰ τί τὸ πρόβατον ἐπὶ θυσίαν ἀγόμενον οὐ κέκραγεν;); B 5:2 (Is 53:7); 1 Cl 16:7.② people of God, sheep. The lit. usage passes over to the nonliteral, or the sheep appear for the most part as symbols of certain people (En 89:42ff; Did., Gen 215:24): in the extended allegory of the Good Shepherd and the sheep J 10:1–16, 26f (in vs. 3 P66 reads προβάτια). Jesus is ὁ ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας Hb 13:20. Cp. 1 Pt 2:25. The bishop is the shepherd, the church members the sheep IPhld 2:1. Cp. J 21:16, 17 (Porphyr., Adv. Chr. Fgm. 26: the ἀρνία are the catechumens, but the προβάτα are οἱ πιστοὶ εἰς τὸ τῆς τελετώσεως προβάντες μυστήριον). The Christians are called πρόβατα τῆς νομῆς σου (=God’s) 1 Cl 59:4 (cp. Ps 78:13; 94:7; 99:3). In the last times under the influence of lying prophets τὰ πρόβατα will be turned εἰς λύκους D 16:3. At the last judgment people will be divided as the shepherd separates τὰ πρόβατα from οἱ ἔριφοι Mt 25:32f (s. ἔριφος; PAmh 73, 6 [129/30 A.D.] differentiates πρόβ. and αἶγες), and the πρόβατα, representing those blessed by the Father, will stand at the right hand of the Human One (Son of Man) vs. 33 (HGraffmann, D. Gericht nach d. Werken im Mt: KBarth Festschr. ’36, 124–36). Jesus knows that he is (divinely) sent 15:24, and sends his disciples 10:6 πρὸς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ.—In Hermas sheep appear (w. shepherds) as symbolic of all kinds of persons Hs 6, 1, 5f; 6, 2, 3f; 6f; 6, 3, 2; 9, 1, 9; 9, 27, 1.—B. 144. DELG s.v. πρόβατα. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
2 ὄϊς
ὄϊςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `sheep' (Il.)Other forms: gen. -ὄϊος, plur. ὄϊες etc. (Hom.); οἶς (Att.), οἰός (also Hom.), οἶες; ὄϜις (Arg.); details on the inflexion Schwyzer 573 η, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 219 w. lit.; in prose ousted by πρόβατον.Compounds: Rare compp. and abl.: οἰο-πόλος `herding sheep' (h. Merc., Pi.), - νόμος `id.' (Delph. IVa, AP, APl.). Dimin. ὀΐδιον (Theognost.); οἴεος `emanating from sheep' (Hdt., Cos), ὀέα μηλωτή; οἰίας (dial. for - έας) τῶν προβάτων τὰ σκεπαστήρια δέρματα H.; also οἶαι διφθέραι, μηλωταί; ὄα μηλωτή H. With lengthened grade(?) ᾤα f. `fleece of sheep' (com., Att. inscr. IVa, Poll., H.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [784] *h₃eu̯i- `sheep'.Etymology: On οἰσπώτη and οἰσύπη s. vv. Old name of the sheep, to be found in nearly all IE languages, e. g. Skt. ávi-, Luw. ḫawi-, Lat. ovis, Germ., e.g. Goth. awi-str `sheep fold', Lith. avìs, IE *h₃éu̯i-s m. f.; further forms w. very rich lit. in the relative dict., e.g. WP. 1, 167, Pok. 784, W.-Hofmann s. ovis. Acc. ὄϊν = Skt. ávim, gen. ὄϊος = Skt. ávyaḥ. Also οἴεος agrees, prob. only as parallel innovation, with Skt. ávy-aya-(usu. -áya-). -- Besides with transition in the a-decl. Hier.- Hitt. hawa-s; Kronasser Vgl. Laut- und Formenlehre 91, Vorgeschichte und Indogermanistik (Symposion 1959) 121.Page in Frisk: 2,367-368Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄϊς
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3 *ῥήν
*ῥήνGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `sheep, lamb'(A.R.).Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in πολύ-ρρην-ες nom. pl. (Ι 154 = 296), thematic. enlarged πολύ-ρρην-ο-ς nom. sg. (λ 257) `rich in sheep'; ὑπό-ρρην-ο-ν acc. sg. (Κ 216) `having a lamb under one, suckling'. As 1. member in ῥηνο-φορεύς m. `bearer of sheep fleece' (AP; Bosshardt 29); from it ῥηνικός `from the sheep', ῥῆνιξ, - ικος f. `sheep fleece' (Hp.).Derivatives: Several H.-glosses: ῥήνεα πρόβατα (cf. κτήνεα); ῥᾶνα ἄρνα (Elean?), ῥύεινα ἄρνα. Κύπριοι (for Ϝρην-?); prob. also τρανόν (for *Ϝρ-) ἑξαμηνιαῖον πρόβατον (but the α then remains unexplained). -- Here perh the islandname `Ρήνεια (near Delos).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: The above forms differ only in ablaut from ἀρήν (s.v.) \< Ϝαρήν; as basis one assumes best *u̯rēn-, which may agree with Lat. rēnō `garment of reindeer(?)-skin with the Germans' (Germ. LW [loanword].; s. W.-Hofmann s.v.), but s. Benvenist, Rev. Ph. 38(1964)20-12. The hell. ep. ῥήνεσσι and ῥῆνα may well have been built after πολύ-ρρην and oher compp., but this explanation fits neither for Hippocrat. ῥηνικός, ῥῆνιξ nor for the glosses of Hesychius; further Sommer Nominalkomp. 66 ff., Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 161 (also Schwyzer 568).Page in Frisk: 2,653Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > *ῥήν
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4 λαμβάνω
+ V 408-428-225-72-202=1335 Gn 2,15.21.22.23; 3,6to take [τι] Gn 2,21; id. [τινα] Gn 2,15; to take [τινος] Gn 3,6; id. [ἀπό τινος] Ex 12,7; to take away, to remove [τι] 2 Chr 16,2; to take away [τινα] 2 Kgs 2,5to take by violence, to carry off as booty [τι] Jos 11,19; to take by violence, to take captive [τινα] Jgs 8,16; to capture (a city) [τι] 1 Chr 11,8; to take up, to carry away [τινα] (of storm) Is 41,16to take hold of, to seize [τινα] (of pains) Ex 15,14; to attack [τινα] (of sudden pain) 2 Mc 9,5; to catch, to overtake [τινα] (of sleep) DnLXX 4,33bto get, to receive [τι] Lv 25,36; id. [abs.] Hab 1,3; id. [τινα] Ps 48(49),16; to take from, to accept from [τι παρά τινος] Gn 23,13; to gain, to win (virtue)[τι] Zech 6,13; to receive (for money), to buy [τι] Dt 2,6, cpr. Ez 29,14, Jos 11,19; to take up, to pronounce [τι] Mi 2,4to take up, to pronounce [τι] Mi 2,4; to incur [τι] Lv 5,1; to levy, to impose [τι] 1 Mc 3,31; to choose, to select [τινα] Nm 8,6; to take, to choose 2 Mc 8,7; to fetch, to find [τινα] 2 Kgs 3,15; to take as [τινα+pred.] Lv 18,18; to take sb for [τινα εἴς τινα] Gn 43,18; id. [τινα εἴς τι] 1 Mc 14,5οὐ λήμψεται μάχαιραν he shall not draw the sword Is 2,4; ἔλαβεν Ααρων τὴν Ελισαβεθ αὐτῷ γυναῖκα Aaron took Elisabeth as his wife Ex 6,23; ἔλαβον αὐτὴν ἐμαυτῷ εἰς γυναῖκα I took her as my wife Gn 12,19; ἧς οὐχὶ πεῖραν ἔλαβεν ὁ ποὺς αὐτῆς βαίνειν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς whose foot has not yet attempted or tried to go upon the earth Dt 28,56; ἐὰν λάβῃς τὸν συλλογισμὸν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ if you should take account of the children of Israel, if you should count the children of Israel Ex 30,12; πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν λαβόντας keeping or bearing in mind 2 Mc 8,17; οὐκ ἔλαβεν συντέλειαν it is not finished 1 Ezr 6,19; λημψόμεθα τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἡμῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ we shall take our vengeance on him, we shall avenge ourselves on him Jer 20,10; λήμψονται τὴν κόλασιν αὐτῶν περὶ πάντων, ὧν ἐποίησαν they shall receive or bear their punishment for all the things they have done, they shall be punished for all the things they have done Ez 43,11; οὐ λήμψῃ πρόσωπον πτωχοῦ you shall not take the poor into consideration, you shall not show partiality towards the poor, you shall not favour the person of the poor Lv 19,15; ὅταν λάβω καιρόν whenever I seize the opportunity, whenever I take a set time Ps 74(75),3; πᾶς, ὂς ἂν λάψῃ τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος whosoever shall lap of the water with his tongue Jgs 7,5; δεξιὰς λαβεῖν to take the right hand, to shake hands, to pledge friendship 1 Mc 13,50; ἔλαβεν ἐν γαστρὶ Ρεβεκκα Rebecca became pregnant, Rebecca conceived Gn 25,21; τὰ πρόβατα ἐ̓ν γαστρὶ λαμβάνοντα the sheep carrying their young, the sheep that had conceived in the belly, the pregnant sheep Gn 30,41; ἔλαβεν ἐπὶ ματαίῳ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ he lifted up his soul to vanity, he desired vanity Ps 23(24),4; ἑώρα ἀδύνατον εἶναι τὸν Σιμωνα παῦλαν οὐ λημψόμενον τῆς ἀνοίας he saw that it was impossible that Simon would leave or abandon his folly 2 Mc 4,6; τὸν δὲ ἀγορασμὸν τῆς σιτοδοσίας τοῦ οἴκου ὑμῶν λαβόντες ἀπέλθατε go away with the sale of your house’s grain Gn 42,33; λαβόντες χρόνον at the appointed time 1 Ezr 9,12*1 Chr 24,31 ἔλαβον they received corr. ἔβαλον for MT ויפילו they cast (lots), cpr. 1 Sm 14,42, Est 3,7, Neh 11,1; *Jer 23,39 ἐγὼ λαμβάνω I (will) take, seize-אתישׂנ for MT יתישׁנ I will forget, cpr. Ez 39,26;*Zph 3,18 τίς ἔλαβεν who took-אשׂנ מי? ⋄אשׂנ for MT אתשׂמ the burden (of)?; *Jb 38,14 ἦ σὺ λαβών did you take-שׂהתתפ ⋄שׂתפ? for MT תתהפך ⋄הפך did it changeCf. HARL 1991=1992a 152-153; HARLÉ 1988 99.166-167; HELBING 1928, 53; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 245;MARGOLIS, M. 1906a=1972 71-74; →TWNT(→ἀναλαμβάνω, ἀντιλαμβάνω, ἀπολαμβάνω, διαλαμβάνω, ἐκλαμβάνω, ἐπιλαμβάνω, ἐπικαταλαμβάνω, καταλαμβάνω, μεταλαμβάνω, παραλαμβάνω, περιλαμβάνω, προλαμβάνω, προκαταλαμβάνω, προσλαμβάνω, συλλαμβάνω, συμπαραλαμβάνω, συμπεριλαμβάνω, συναντι-, ὑπολαμβάνω,,) -
5 γαστήρ, γαστρός
+ ἡ N 3 15-14-7-26-8=70 Gn 16,4.5.11; 25,21.23belly, stomach, womb Nm 5,22ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχει she is pregnant Gn 16,4; τὰ πρόβατα ἐ̓ν γαστρὶ λαμβάνοντα the sheep carrying their young, the sheep that had conceived in the belly, the pregnant sheep Gn 30,41Cf. SPICQ 1982, 110-112 -
6 θύρα
θύρα, ας, ἡ (Hom.+) ‘door’. As is oft. the case in earlier lit. (e.g. Il. and Od. passim), the pl. can be used of one door (Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 1, 3 Jac.; Philo, Ebr. 49; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 119.—B-D-F §141, 4; Rob. 408).① doorⓐ of habitable quarters ἀνοίγειν open the door (LXX; JosAs 10:9; Jos., Vi. 246) Ac 5:19; B 16:9. Pass. Ac 16:26f (Achilles Tat. 7, 13, 1 Λευκίππη τὰς θύρας ἀνεῳγμένας ὁρῶσα). (ἀπο)κλείειν shut Mt 6:6; Lk 13:25a. Pass (LXX; JosAs 10:6; 14:5; Jos., Ant. 18, 74) Mt 25:10; Lk 11:7; J 20:19, 26; Ac 21:30; κρούειν τὴν θ. knock at the door 12:13; Lk 13:25b; also πρὸς τὴν θ. GJs 12:2; ἔδραμεν πρὸς τήν θ. ibid. διὰ τῆς θ. J 10:1f. ἐπὶ τ. θυρῶν before the door(s) Ac 5:23. Also ἐπὶ θύραις (LXX; Aesop, Fab. 466 P.; Jos., Ant. 17, 90. Also with art.: Clearchus, Fgm. 24 p. 17, 21; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 93 §385) 1 Cl 39:9 (Job 5:4); ἐπὶ τῇ θ. Ac 5:9. πρὸ τῆς θύρας 12:6 (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 860 πρὸ τ. θυρῶν); so also JosAs 5:1. πρὸς (τὴν) θ. at the door (Hegesippus Com. [III B.C.] 1, 24 K.) Mk 1:33; 11:4; τὰ πρὸς τὴν θ. the place near the door 2:2 (TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 6 [Stone p. 14]). πρὸς τῇ θ. ἔξω outside the door J 18:16 (cp. Lucian, Herm. 7, 7 ὁ παρὰ τὴν θύραν ἔξω ἑστώς).—θ. τοῦ πύργου Hv 3, 9, 6.—On the θύρα ὡραία Ac 3:2 s. ὡραῖος 2.—1 Cl 43:3 v.l.ⓑ fig. (Maximus Tyr. 19, 5d ὁ ἔρως ἔστη ἐπὶ θύραις τ. ψυχῆς; Iambl., Myst. 10, 5 [Herm. Wr. IV p. 39, 5ff Sc.] ἡ ἱερατικὴ δόσις καλεῖται ‘θύρα πρὸς θεόν’).α. ἐγγύς ἐστιν ἐπὶ θύραις he is near, at your very door (cp. X., An. 6, 5, 23; Just., D 32, 3) Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29. Also πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν ἕστηκεν Js 5:9; cp. also Ac 5:9. ἕστηκα ἐπὶ τ. θύραν καὶ κρούω Rv 3:20a; s. also vs. 20b.β. of the door to the kgdm. of heaven: εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τῆς στενῆς θύρας come in through the narrow door Lk 13:24. Perh. the same door is meant in δέδωκα ἐνώπιόν σου θύραν ἠνεῳγμένην Rv 3:8. But here senseγ. is also prob., acc. to which the opening of the door represents something made possible or feasible: θύρα μοι ἀνέῳγεν μεγάλη 1 Cor 16:9 (HNie, Vox Theologica 10, ’40, 185–92); cp. 2 Cor 2:12; Col 4:3. Sim. ὁ θεὸς … ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως Ac 14:27 (πίστις 2dα).② a passage for entering a structure, entrance, doorway, gateⓐ of the door-like opening of a cave-tomb (cp. Od. 9, 243; SEG VIII, 200, 3 [I A.D., Jerus.]) ἡ θ. τοῦ μνημείου Mt 27:60; Mk 15:46; 16:3. θ. τοῦ μνήματος GPt 8:32; cp. 9:37; 12:53f.—The firm vault of heaven has a ‘door’ (cp. Ps 77:23), which opens to admit favored ones Rv 4:1 (difft., GRinaldi, CBQ 25, ’63, 336–47).ⓑ In John Jesus calls himself ἡ θύρα J 10:9, thus portraying himself as an opening that permits passage: the gate for the sheep; ἡ θύρα (ὁ ποιμήν P75 et al.) τῶν προβάτων vs. 7, however, has the sense which is prominent in the context, the gate to the sheep (s. Hdb. ad loc.; EFascher, Ich bin d. Thür! Deutsche Theologie ’42, 34–57; 118–33).—Jesus as the θύρα τοῦ πατρός the door to the Father IPhld 9:1.—B. 466. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
7 προβατικός
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προβατικός
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8 προβατικός
-ή,-όν + A 0-0-0-3-0=3 Neh 3,1.32; 12,39pertaining to sheep; ἡ πύλη ἡ προβατική the sheep gate -
9 ἀποβουκολέω
3 let stray, lose (as a bad shepherd does his sheep), χαρίεν γὰρ εἰ.. τῇ θυγατρὶ τὸν παῖδα ἀποβουκολήσαιμι.. if I were to lose my daughter her son, X.Cyr.1.4.13:—[voice] Pass., stray, lose one's way, Luc.Nav.4.4 beguile, soothe, Id.Am.16; lead astray, seduce, Id.Bis Acc.13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποβουκολέω
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10 ἵστημι
ἵστημι (Hom.+, ins, pap [Mayser 353]; LXX [Thackeray 247f]; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.) and also ἱστάνω (since I B.C. SIG 1104, 26 ἱστανόμενος; pap [Mayser, loc. cit., with ἀνθιστάνω documented here as early as III B.C.]; Epict. 3, 12, 2; LXX [Ezk 17:14; Thackeray, loc. cit.]; later wr. in Psaltes 236) Ro 3:31; Hs 8, 1, 10 (s. Whittaker on 8, 1, 8; s. B-D-F §93; Mlt-H. 202). Fut. στήσω; 1 aor. ἔστησα; 2 aor. ἔστην, impv. στῆθι, inf. στῆναι, ptc. στάς; pf. ἕστηκα ( I stand), ptc. ἑστηκώς, ός and ἑστώς En 12:3; JosAs 7:2; J 12:29,-ῶσα J 8:9 v.l., neut. ἑστώς Rv 14:1 v.l. (s. B-D-F §96; W-S. §14, 5; Mlt-H. 222) and ἑστός, inf. always ἑστάναι; plpf. εἱστήκειν ( I stood) or ἱστήκειν GPt 2:3, third pl. εἱστήκεισαν Mt 12:46; J 18:18; Ac 9:7; Rv 7:11 (W-H. spell it ἱστ. everywhere); ἑστάκαμεν w. act. mng. 1 Macc 11:34; fut. mid. στήσομαι Rv 18:15. Pass.: 1 fut. σταθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐστάθην (PEg2 65). S. στήκω. Trans.: A. Intr.: B, C, D.A. trans. (pres., impf., fut., 1 aor. act.; s. B-D-F §97, 1; Mlt-H. 241) gener. ‘put, place, set’.① to cause to be in a place or position, set, place, bring, allow to come τινά someone, lit. ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ Ac 5:27. εἰς αὐτούς before them 22:30. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right (hand) Mt 25:33. ἐν μέσῳ in the midst, among 18:2; Mk 9:36; J 8:3. ἐνώπιόν τινος before someone Ac 6:6. Also κατενώπιόν τινος Jd 24. ἐπί τι upon someth. Mt 4:5; Lk 4:9. παρά τινι beside someone 9:47.② to propose someone for an obligation, put forward, propose, lit. (e.g. Just., A I, 60, 3 Μωυσέα … τύπον σταυροῦ … στῆσαι ἐπὶ τῇ ἁγίᾳ σκηνῇ) τινά for a certain purpose: the candidates for election to the apostleship Ac 1:23. μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς 6:13 (cp. Mel., P. 93, 700 ψευδομάρτυρες).③ to set up or put into force, establish, fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Gen 26:3 τὸν ὅρκον; Ex 6:4) τὴν ἰδίαν δικαιοσύνην Ro 10:3. τὸ δεύτερον (opp. ἀναιρεῖν τὸ πρῶτον, a ref. to sacrificial system) Hb 10:9.—Of legal enforcement κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τ. ἁμαρτίαν Lord, do not hold this sin against them Ac 7:60 (contrast ἀφίημι 1 Macc 13:38f; 15:5; Stephen’s expression=ἄφες Lk 23:34; s. Beginn. IV, ad loc.).④ to validate someth. that is in force or in practice, reinforce validity of, uphold, maintain, validate τὶ someth. fig. ext. of 1 (1 Macc 2:27 τὴν διαθήκην) τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν validate or maintain your own tradition Mk 7:9. νόμον ἱστάνομεν we uphold (the) law Ro 3:31 (s. καταργέω 2).⑤ to cause to be steadfast, make someone stand δυνατεῖ ὁ κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν Ro 14:4.ⓐ set/fix a time a period of time ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 3a) Ac 17:31.ⓑ determine a monetary amount οἱ δὲ ἔστησαν αὐτῷ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια Mt 26:15 (=Zech 11:12 ἔστησαν τὸν μισθόν μου τριάκοντα ἀργύρους), presents a special problem for interpreters because of the author’s theological and narrative interests, which prompt him to connect an allusion here to Zech 11:12 in anticipation of a fulfillment statement at Mt 27:9f, which in haggadic fashion draws on Zech 11:13 in the longer form of the Mt and Jer 32 (Mt 39):7–9 (s. JDoeve, Jewish Hermeneutics in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts, ’54, 185–87). Jer 39:9 and Zech 11:12 use the verb ἱ. in the sense weigh out on scales (Hom.; X., Cyr. 8, 2, 21, Mem. 1, 1, 9 al.; GDI p. 870, n49 A [Ephesus VI B.C.] 40 minas ἐστάθησαν; Is 46:6; Jer 39:9; 2 Esdr 8:25), and some (e.g. BWeiss, HHoltzmann, JWeiss; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 227f; Field, Notes 19f) interpret Mt 26:15 in this sense. Of course Mt’s readers would know that coinage of their time was not ‘weighed out’ and would understand ἱ. in the sense of striking a bargain (ἵστημι=set a price, make an offer, close a bargain: Herodas 7, 68 pair of shoes; BGU 1116, 8 [I B.C.]; 912, 25 [I A.D.]; PRainer 206, 10 [II A.D.] κεφάλαιον), they set out (=offered, allowed) for him (=paid him) 30 silver coins (Wlh., OHoltzmann, Schniewind), but the more sophisticated among them would readily recognize the obsolete mng. Ac 7:60 is sometimes interpreted in a related sense, but the absence of a direct object of amount paid suggests that the pass. is better placed in 3 above.B. intr., aor. and fut. forms① to desist from movement and be in a stationary position, stand still, stop (Hom., Aristot.; Philostrat., Ep. 36, 2 ὁ ποταμὸς στήσεται; TestSol 7:3 οὕτως ἔστη ἡ αὔρα) Lk 24:17. στὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐφώνησεν αὐτούς Mt 20:32.—Mk 10:49; Lk 7:14; 17:12; 18:40. στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα Ac 8:38. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν Rv 18:17; cp. vs. 15. ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ σπηλαίου GJs 19:2. ἔστη ἐπὶ τόπου πεδινοῦ he took his stand on a level place Lk 6:17. Of a star ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον Mt 2:9; also ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3. Of a flow of blood come to an end ἔστη ἡ ῥύσις τ. αἵματος Lk 8:44 (cp. Ex 4:25 [though HKosmala, Vetus Test. 12, ’62, 28 renders it as an emphatic εἶναι] Heraclid. Pont., Fgm. 49 W.; POxy 1088, 21 [I A.D.]; Cyranides p. 117 note γυναικὶ … αἷμα ἵστημι παραχρῆμα). στῆθι stand Js 2:3. ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἔστη ἄνω his hand remained (motionless) upraised GJs 18:3 (not pap).② to come up in the presence of others, come up, stand, appear ἔμπροσθέν τινος before someone Mt 27:11; Lk 21:36. Also ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 10:30; GJs 11:2 (κατενώπιον TestSol 22:13; Just., D. 127, 3) or ἐπί τινος: σταθήσεσθε you will have to appear Mt 10:18 v.l.; Mk 13:9; ἐπί τοῦ παλατίου AcPl Ha 9, 20. στῆθι εἰς τὸ μέσον Lk 6:8; cp. vs. 8b; J 20:19, 26 (Vi. Aesopi I c. 6 p. 243, 15 Αἴσωπος στὰς εἰς τὸ μέσον ἀνέκραξεν). Also ἐν μέσῳ Lk 24:36; Ac 17:22; Ox 1 verso, 11 (s. Unknown Sayings, 69–71). ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the court GJs 15:2. Cp. J 21:4; Rv 12:18; Lk 7:38. Step up or stand to say someth. or make a speech Lk 18:11. Cp. 19:8; Ac 2:14; 5:20; 11:13 al. ἔστησαν … προσδοκῶντες τὸν Ζαχαρίαν they stood waiting for Z. GJs 24:1. Pract. in the sense of the pf. δυνάμενοι … ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ στῆναι (the cult images) which could not remain standing AcPl Ha 1, 20 (cp. ἵστατο δένδρον κυπάρισσος TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 17 [Stone p. 6]; ὁ τόπος ἐν ᾧ ἱστάμεθα GrBar 6:13).③ to stand up against, resist, w. πρὸς and acc. offer resistance (Thu. 5, 104) Eph 6:11; abs. resist (Ex 14:13) vs. 13. (Cp. the term στάσις in the sense of ‘rebellion’.)④ stand firm so as to remain stable, stand firm, hold one’s ground (Ps 35:13) in battle (X., An. 1, 10, 1) Eph 6:14. σταθήσεται will stand firm Ro 14:4a. τίς δύναται σταθῆναι; Rv 6:17. εἰς ἣν στῆτε stand fast in it (Goodsp., Probs. 198) 1 Pt:12. Of house, city, or kingdom Mt 12:25f; Mk 3:24f; Lk 11:18. Cp. Mk 3:26. The OT expr. (Dt 19:15) ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1.⑤ come to a standing position, stand up ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας on one’s feet (Ezk 2:1) Ac 26:16; Rv 11:11. Abs. Ac 3:8.C. intr., perf. and plupf.① to be in a standing position, I stand, I stood of bodily position, e.g. of a speaker J 7:37; Ac 5:25, of hearers J 12:29 or spectators Mt 27:47; Lk 23:35; Ac 1:11, of accusers Lk 23:10. Cp. J 18:5, 16, 18ab, 25; 19:25; Ac 16:9 al.② to be at a place, stand (there), be (there), w. the emphasis less on ‘standing’ than on ‘being, existing’.ⓐ position indicated by adv. of place ἔξω Mt 12:46f; Lk 8:20; 13:25. μακρόθεν Lk 18:13. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν at a distance 23:49; Rv 18:10. ἐκεῖ Mk 11:5. ὅπου 13:14. ὧδε Mt 16:28; 20:6b. αὐτοῦ Lk 9:27; ἀπέναντι AcPl Ha 3, 30.ⓑ w. place indicated by a prep. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at the right (hand) of someone or someth. Lk 1:11; Ac 7:55f (HOwen, NTS 1, ’54/55, 224–26). ἐν αὐτοῖς among them Ac 24:21; w. ἐν and dat. of place Mt 20:3; 24:15; J 11:56; Rv 19:17. ἐν μέσῳ J 8:9 v.l. μέσος ὑμῶν 1:26 (v.l. στήκει). ἐπί w. gen. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 66; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 209 Jac. ἐπὶ τ. θύρας) Ac 5:23; 21:40; 24:20; 25:10; Rv 10:5, 8; AcPl Ha 7, 37; w. dat. Ac 7:33; w. acc. Mt 13:2; Rv 3:20; 7:1; 14:1; 15:2; GJs 5:2 (ἕστηκας codd., ἔστης pap). παρά w. acc. of place Lk 5:1f. πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης J 6:22. πρό w. gen. of place Ac 12:14. πρός w. dat. of place J 20:11. σύν τινι Ac 4:14. μετά τινος AcPl Ha 11, 3. κύκλῳ τινός around someth. Rv 7:11. W. ἐνώπιον (functioning as prep.) ἐνώπιόν τινος Rv 7:9; 11:4; 12:4; 20:12.ⓒ abs. (Epict. 4, 1, 88 ἑστῶσα of the citadel, simply standing there; Tat. 26, 2 παρατρέχοντας μὲν ὑμᾶς, ἑστῶτα δὲ τὸν αἰῶνα) Mt 26:73; J 1:35; 3:29; 20:14; Ac 22:25. τὰ πρόβατα εἱστήκει the sheep stood still GJs 18:2 (not pap). The verb standing alone in the sense stand around idle (Eur., Iph. Aul. 861; Aristoph., Av. 206, Eccl. 852; Herodas 4, 44) Mt 20:6a. ἀργός can be added (Aristoph., Eccl. 879f, Pax 256 ἕστηκας ἀργός) vs. 6a v.l., 6b (w. the question cp. Eubulus Com., Fgm. 15, 1 K. τί ἕστηκας ἐν πύλαις; Herodas 5, 40). W. modifying words (Pla., Phdr. 275d ἕστηκε ὡς ζῶντα τὰ ἔκγονα) εἱστήκεισαν ἐνεοί they stood there speechless Ac 9:7. ὡς ἐσφαγμένον Rv 5:6. cp. Ac 26:6. εἱστήκει ἀπεκδεχόμενος AcPl Ant 13, 22 (=Aa I, 237, 5).③ to stand in attendance on someone, attend upon, be the servant of Rv 8:2 (RCharles, Rv ICC vol. 1, p. 225).④ stand firm in belief, stand firm of personal commitment in gener. (opp. πεσεῖν), fig. ext. of 1, 1 Cor 10:12; 2 Cl 2:6. τ. πίστει ἕστηκας you stand firm because of your faith Ro 11:20; cp. 2 Cor 1:24. ὸ̔ς ἕστηκεν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος one who stands firm in his heart 1 Cor 7:37. ὁ θεμέλιος ἕστηκεν the foundation stands (unshaken) 2 Ti 2:19 (Stob. 4, 41, 60 [vol. V, p. 945]: Apelles, when he was asked why he represented Tyche [Fortune] in a sitting position, answered οὐχ ἕστηκεν γάρ=because she can’t stand, i.e. has no stability; Hierocles 11, 441 ἑστῶτος τοῦ νόμου=since the law stands firm [unchanged]; Procop. Soph., Ep. 47 μηδὲν ἑστηκὸς κ. ἀκίνητον; 75).⑤ to be in a condition or state, stand or be in someth., fig. ext. of 1; grace (Hierocles 12, 446 ἐν ἀρετῇ) Ro 5:2; within the scope of the gospel 1 Cor 15:1; in truth J 8:44.D. intr., pres. mid. to have a beginning, begin, calendaric expression (as old as Hom.) μὴν ἱστάμενος the month just beginning (oft. ins) MPol 21—B. 835. DELG. M-M. TW. -
11 λείπω
Aἔλειπον Il.19.288
, etc.: [tense] fut.λείψω 18.11
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔλειψα, part. (= Antiph.32), elsewh. only late, Plb.12.15.12 ( παρ-), Str.6.3.10 ( παρ-), Ps.-Phoc.77 (ἀπ-), etc.; uncompounded, Ptol.Alm.10.4, Luc.Par.42, Ps.-Callisth.1.44 (cod. C); also in later Poets, Man.1.153, Opp.C.2.33, and in Inscrr., Epigr.Gr.522.16 ([place name] Thessalonica), 314.27 ([place name] Smyrna), etc.: but correct writers normally use [tense] aor. 2ἔλῐπον Il.2.35
, A.Pers. 984 (lyr.), etc.: [tense] pf.λέλοιπα Od.14.134
: [tense] plpf. ἐλελοίπειν ([dialect] Att. -η) X.Cyr.2.1.21:—[voice] Med., in prop. sense chiefly in compds.: [tense] aor. 2ἐλιπόμην Hdt.1.186
, 2.40, E.HF 169, etc. (in pass. sense, Il.11.693, al.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense , Hdt.7.8.ά, 48; alsoλειφθήσομαι S.Ph. 1071
, λελείψομαι Il.24.742, Th.5.105, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐλείφθην, λείφθην Pi.O.2.43
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. : [tense] pf.λέλειμμαι Il.13.256
, Democr.228, Pl.Ti. 61a, etc.: [tense] plpf.ἐλελείμμην Il.2.700
; [dialect] Ep.λέλειπτο 10.256
: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. alsoἔλειπτο A.R.1.45
, etc.:1 leave, quit, Ἑλλάδα, δώματα, etc., Il.9.447, Od.21.116, etc.: with a neg., [σκόπελον] οὔ ποτε κύματα λείπει Il.2.396
;νιν.. χιὼν οὐδαμὰ λ. S.Ant. 830
(lyr.); χερσὶν ὕπο Τρώων λείψειν φάος ἠελίοιο, i.e. die, be killed, Il.18.11;λ. τὸν βίον ὑπό τινος Pl.Lg. 872e
; λ. βίον, βίοτον, etc., S.El. 1444, E.Hel. 226 (lyr.), etc.;αὐτόχειρι σφαγῇ λ. βίον Id.Or. 948
.b conversely,τὸν δ' ἔλιπε ψυχή Il.5.696
, Od.14.426;τὸν.. λίπε θυμός Il.4.470
;ἔπειτά με καὶ λίποι αἰών 5.685
, cf. Od.7.224;λίπε δ' ὀστέα θυμός Il.16.743
; ψυχὴ δὲ λέλοιπεν (sc. ὀστέα) Od.14.134; νῦν δ' ἤδη πάντα λέλοιπεν (sc. ἐμέ) ib. 213; in these two last passages some take it intr., is gone, v. infr. 11.2 leave behind, leave at home,παιδὶ τὸν ἐν μεγάροισιν ἔλειπες Od.13.403
, cf. Il.5.480; esp. of dying men, leave (as a legacy), Ἀτρεὺς δὲ θνῄσκων ἔλιπεν πολύαρνι Θυέστῃ [τὸσκῆπτρον] 2.106; , cf. S.Aj. 973; παῖδα ὀρφανὸν λ. ib. 653; λ. ἄρρενας, θυγατέρας, Pl.Lg. 923e, 924e;λ. εὔκλειαν ἐν δόμοισι A.Ch. 348
(lyr.):—also in [voice] Med., leave behind one (as a memorial to posterity),μνημόσυνον λιπέσθαι Hdt.1.186
, 6.109, al.;λιπέσθαι τιμωρούς E. HF 169
;διαδόχους ἐμαυτῷ Plu.Aem.36
, etc.b leave standing, leave remaining, spare,οἰκίαν οὐδεμίαν X.An.7.4.1
;μηδένα Id.HG2.3.41
, Pl.R. 567b, etc.3 leave, forsake, Il.17.13, etc.;λ. τινὰ χαμαί Pi.O.6.45
; ; τὴν αὑτοῦ φύσιν λ. ib. 903;λ. τὴν τάξιν Pl.Ap. 29a
, etc.; λ. ἐράνους fail in paying.., D.27.25, cf. 25.22; λ. δασμόν, φοράν, X.Cyr.3.1.1, 34; λ. μαρτυρίαν, ὅρκον, fail in.., D.49.19, 59.60, λ. δίκην allow it to go by default, SIG134b24 (Milet., iv B.C.); λοιβὰς.. οὐ λίπε neglected them not, IG3.1337.8.b conversely, λίπον ἰοὶ ἄνακτα they failed him, Od.22.119.4 Math., lose or drop something, i.e. have something subtracted from it, τὸ KP λιπὸν τὸ BO the area KP minus the area BO, Apollon.Perg.3.12, cf. Ptol.Alm. 10.4, al., Dioph.2.21.II intr., to be gone, depart, Epigr.Gr.149.2 ([place name] Rhenea); v. supr. 1.1b.2 to be wanting or missing,οὔ τί πω ἔλιπεν ἐκ τοῦδ' οἴκου.. αἰκία S.El. 514
(lyr.); (lyr.); (lyr.); λείπουσιν αἱ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς [τρίχες] Arist.HA 518a24;ἔτι ἕν σοι λείπει Ev.Luc.18.22
; τί λείπει τῶν ἐπιτηδείων αὐταῖς; Plb.10.18.8; τί γάρ σοι λείπει; Arr.Epict.2.22.5, cf. Diog.Oen.64; [εἰς τὴν προκειμένην πραγματείαν] τὸ ὑφ' οὗ γίνεται.. μὴ ῥηθὲν οὐ λείπει is not needed, Marcellin.Puls.69: c. inf., λείπει μὲν οὐδ' ἃ πρόσθεν ἤδεμεν τὸ μὴ οὐ βαρύστον' εἶναι nihil absunt quin.., S.OT 1232: so c. gen.,βραχὺ λείπει τοῦ μὴ συνάπτειν Plb.2.14.6
, etc.; πρότασις τῆς προειρημένης λείπουσα ὑποθέσει a proposition containing less in the hypothesis than that aforesaid, Papp.648.1: freq. with numerals,κεφάλαιον γίγνεται μικροῦ λείποντος πέντε καὶ δέκα τάλαντα Lys.19.43
;οὐ πολὺ λεῖπον τῶν ἐνενήκοντα ἐτῶν Plb.12.16.13
; : generally,παντὸς μὲν οὖν λείπει Pl.Lg. 728a
; ὁ λιπών ib. 759e; τὸ λεῖπον what is lacking, Plb.4.38.9, etc.; esp. Gramm., to be incomplete, of a phrase,λειπούσης τῆς φράσεως A.D.Adv.159.28
, al.; to be wanting, omitted,λείποντος τοῦ καί Id.Conj.225.24
: also c. dat.,λείπει ἡ κεῖνος φωνὴ τῷ ε ¯ Id.Adv.147.17
.b of the moon, to be invisible (cf. λειψιφαής), Plot.2.3.5.c λείποντα εἴδη, in Algebra, = λείψεις, negative terms, Dioph.1Def.10.B [voice] Pass., to be left, left behind,ἄλοχος Φυλάκῃ ἐλέλειπτο Il.2.700
;οἱ δ' οἶοι λείπονται Od.22.250
, etc.; also ὀπίσσω, μετόπισθε, κατόπισθε λ., Il.3.160, 22.334, Od.21.116; παῖδες.. μετόπισθε λελειμμένοι left behind in Troy, Il.24.687;μόνα.. νὼ λελειμμένα S.Ant.58
, etc.; τὸ λειπόμενον βίου (v.l. βιοτᾶς) Ariphron 1 (= IG3.171).b Math., to be subtracted: τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΦ λειφθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ΔΑ ποιεῖ .., the square on ΔΦ subtracted from the square on ΔΑ gives.., Ptol.Alm. 10.7.2 remain, remain over and above,τριτάτη δ' ἔτι μοῖρα λέλειπται Il.10.253
; ;ὀλίγων σφι ἡμερέων λείπεται σιτία Hdt.9.45
;ὃ πᾶσι λ. βροτοῖς.. ἐλπίς E.Tr. 681
;αὐτόνομοι ἐλείφθημεν Th.3.11
;ἕως ἄν τι λείπηται Id.8.81
: impers., λείπεται it remains, Pl.Tht. 157e: c.acc. et inf.,πεπληρῶσθαί με Id.Phdr. 235c
.II c. gen.,1 to be left without, to be forsaken of,κτεάνων λειφθεὶς καὶ φίλων Pi.I.2.11
;σοῦ λελειμμένη S. Ant. 548
; but στρατὸν λελειμμένον δορός which has been left by the spear, i.e. not slain, A.Ag. 517.2 to be left behind in a race, Il. 23.407, 409, Od.8.125; λελειμμένος οἰῶν lingering behind the sheep, 9.448; λείπετ'.. Μενελάου δουρὸς ἐρωήν he was left a spear's throw behind Menelaus, Il.23.529; ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο he had been left behind as much as a quoit's throw, ib. 523; , cf. E.Hipp. 1244; τοῦ κήρυκος μὴ λείπεσθαι not to lag behind the herald, Th.1.131; but ἀπό τινος to be left behind by one, Il.9.437, 445; λ. βασιλέος or ἀπὸ βασιλέος by the king, Hdt.8.113, 9.66; λείπεσθαι τοῦ καιροῦ to be behind time, X.Cyr.6.3.29;τῆς ναυμαχίης Id.7.168
;τῆς ἐξόδου Id.9.19
; but, λείπου μηδὲ σύ, παρθέν', ἀπ' οἴκων fail not [to come] from the house, i.e. follow us, dub. in S. Tr. 1275 (anap.): abs., to be left behind, be absent, Hdt.7.229, 8.44.3 come short of, be inferior to, τινος, like ἐλαττοῦσθαι, ἡττᾶσθαι, ὑστερεῖσθαί τινος, because the Verb has a comp. sense, Id.7.48, etc.; οὐκ ἔσθ' ὁποίας λείπεται τόδ' ἡδονῆς falls short of.., E.Fr.138.3; λείπεσθαί τινος ἔς τι or ἔν τινι, Hdt.1.99, 7.8. ά (v. infr. 4);περί τι Plb.6.52.8
; ; ;ξύνεσιν οὐδενὸς λ. Th.6.72
;πλήθει λ. X.HG7.4.24
;πλήθει ἡμῶν λειφθέντες Id.An.7.7.31
; οὐδ' ἔτι θηρὸς ἐλείπετο δερκομένοισιν, i.e. resembled.., Epic.in Arch.Pap.7p.4: also c. gen. rei,λειφθῆναι μάχης E.Heracl. 732
;οὐδὲν σοῦ ξίφους λελείψομαι Id.Or. 1041
: Math., τὸ ἐγγραφὲν τοῦ περιγραφέντος ἐλάσσονι λείπεται the inscribed figure falls short of the circumscribed by less than.., Archim.Con.Sph.21: also c. dat. rei,λειφθῆναι μάχῃ A.Pers. 344
: c. part.,οὐδὲν ἐμοῦ λείπει γιγνώσκων X.Oec.18.5
; λέλειψαι τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων you come short of, understand not my plans, E.Or. 1085;λέλειμμαι τῶν ἐν Ἕλλησιν νόμων Id.Hel. 1246
: abs., to be defeated, Plb.1.62.6;ὑπό τινος AP11.224
(Antip.); λείπεσθαι ἐν [τῇ ἀγορανομίᾳ], Lat. repulsam ferre, Plu. Mar.5, etc.: abs., in part., ἄνδρας λελειμμένους inferior men, A.Fr. 37; also, the poor,IG
14.1839.7.4 to be wanting or lacking in a thing, fail of or in, c. gen.,ὀδυρμάτων ἐλείπετ' οὐδέν S.Tr. 937
;γνώμας λειπομένα σοφᾶς Id.El. 474
(lyr.); ; λελ. λόγου failing to heed my word, S.Aj. 543; μῆνας ἓξ.. λειπόμενος (sc. τῶν εἴκοσι ἐτῶν) Epigr.Gr. 519 ([place name] Thessalonica); also,λ. ἐν τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι μηδ' ὁρᾶν S.OC 495
; v. supr.3.5 to be in need of,τῆς σῆς βοηθείας A.D.Synt.289.28
. (I.-E. leiq[uglide]-, cf. Lat. li-n-quo, Skt. ric-, [tense] pres. [ per.] 3sg. ri-ṇa-k-ti 'leaves', etc.) -
12 πρωτότοκος
πρωτότοκος, ον (πρῶτος, τόκος; Sb 6647 [5 B.C.; s. WMichaelis in 2a: p. 314f]; Kaibel 460, 4; 730, 3; PLips 28, 16; PGM 36, 312; Anth. 8, 34; 9, 213; LXX; TestReub, JosAs; SibOr 3, 627 Philo, Cher. 54 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 71; Just., Tat., Mel., Iren.) ‘firstborn, heir apparent’.① lit. pert. to birth order, firstborn ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρ. (PLips loc. cit. υἱὸν γνήσιον καὶ πρωτότοκον; Gen 25:25 al. LXX; JosAs 1:11; Σὴθ τρίτος, οὐ π. ἐστίν Did., Gen 147, 7) Mt 1:25 v.l.; Lk 2:7 (JFrey, La signification du terme πρ. d’après une inscription juive: Biblica 2, 1930, 373–90; CIJ II 1510, 6; Boffo, Iscrizioni 156–65; New Docs 163); cp. B 13:5 (Gen 48:18). τὰ πρ. the firstborn=all the firstborn (τὰ πρ. Ex 22:28; Num 18:15 al.; Just., D. 84, 1; 111, 3) Hb 11:28 (cp. Ex 11:5). τὰ πρ. τῶν προβάτων the firstborn of the sheep 1 Cl 4:1 (Gen 4:4). The special status enjoyed by a firstborn son as heir apparent in Israel is an implicit component of πρ. in ref. to such a son and plays a dominant role in② pert. to having special status associated with a firstborn, firstborn, fig. ext. of 1ⓐ of Christ, as the firstborn of a new humanity which is to be glorified, as its exalted Lord is glorified πρωτότοκος ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς Ro 8:29. Also simply πρωτότοκος Hb 1:6; cp. Rv 2:8 v.l. This expr., which is admirably suited to describe Jesus as the one coming forth fr. God to found the new community of believers, is also used in some instances where the force of the element-τοκος appears at first glance to be uncertain, but s. comment on status at end of 1 (cp. the originally polytheistic Naassene psalm in Hippol., Ref. 5, 10, 1 and also Ex 4:22; Ps. 88:28) (ὁ) πρ. (ἐκ) τῶν νεκρῶν Col 1:18; Rv 1:5. πρ. πάσης κτίσεως Col 1:15 (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 6, 17, 38; Theoph. Ant. 2, 22 [p. 154, 18]; s. JGewiess, Christus u. d. Heil nach d. Kol.: diss. Breslau ’32; ECerny, Firstborn of Every Creature [Col 1:15]: diss. Baltimore ’38; Romualdus, Studia Cath. 18, ’42, 155–71; WMichaelis, D. Beitrag d. LXX zur Bedeutungsgeschichte von πρ.: ADebrunner Festschr. ’54, 313–20, ZST 23, ’54, 137–57; AArgyle, ET 66, ’54, 61f, cp. 124f, 318f; NKehl, D. Christushymnus im Kol., ’67, 82–98).ⓑ of ordinary humansα. of God’s people (JosAs 21:3 Ἰωσὴφ … ἐστὶν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ πρ.) of the assembly of the firstborn (s. Ex 4:22) in heaven ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων Hb 12:23. Some interpret this phrase as a ref. to angels. On the various interpretations s. OMichel, comm. ad loc.β. of a notorious dissident πρωτότοκος τοῦ Σατανᾶ Pol 7:1 (NDahl, D. Erstgeborene Satans u. d. Vater des Teufels: EHaenchen Festschr., ’64, 70–84). Specif. of Marcion acc. to a saying of Polycarp, EpilMosq 3 (cp. Iren. 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 14, 2]); s. also the corresp. Hebr. expr. in HZucker, Studien z. jüd. Selbstverwaltg. im Altert. ’36, 135.—DELG s.v. τίκτω B. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
13 ἐναλλάσσω
Aἐνήλλαχα Plb.6.43.2
, Phld.Mus.p.73K.:— exchange, φόνον θανάτῳ ἐ., i.e. pay for murder by death, E.Andr. 1028 (lyr.); μεταβολὰς ἐ. undergo changes, Plb. l.c.; παντοίας μορφὰς ἐ. to assume.., Apollod.2.5.11: c. inf., ἐνήλλαξεν θεὸς τὴν τοῦδ' ὕβριν πρὸς μῆλα.. πεσεῖν turned aside, diverted his fury so as to fall upon the sheep, S.Aj. 1060.2 cross,τὼ πόδε Philostr.Im.2.7
; also intr., cross one another, of veins and arteries, Arist.PA 668b21.3 Astrol., exchange domicile, of planets, Vett.Val.73.15.4 ἐχρῆν ἐνηλλαχέναι one should have reversed the statement, Phld. l.c.II give in exchange,τιἀντί τινος App.BC3.27
,5.12:—[voice] Med., receive in exchange, τί δ' ἐνήλλακται τῆς ἡμερίας νὺξ ἥδε βάρος; what heavy change from the day hath this night received? S.Aj. 208, cf. Ph.2.638.III [voice] Pass., to be interarticulated,ἄρθρα ἐνηλλαγμένα Hp.Art.46
; also τὸ μέτρον τοῖς δισυλλάβοις ἐναλλάσσεται the metre employs the various disyllabic feet interchangeably, Anon.Metr.Oxy.220 iii 13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐναλλάσσω
-
14 μέλει
μέλει third pers. sing. of μέλω, used impersonally and personally; impf. ἔμελεν; 1 aor. ἐμέλησεν, subj. μελήσῃ (1:5) (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 21 [Stone p. 10]; Just.; Tat. [μέλον ἐστίν]) w. dat. of pers.① it is a care/concern, is of interest to someoneⓐ w. gen. of the thing about which concern is felt (Trag., Pla. et al.; Ael. Aristid. 51, 34 K.=27 p. 542 D.: τούτων ἐμέλησε τῷ θεῷ; Oenomaus Fgm. 12 [in Eus., PE 5, 34, 14] satirical statement by a Cynic: τί μέλει τοῖς φιλανθρώποις θεοῖς ἀνθρώπων; Jos., Ant. 7, 45 θεός, ᾧ μέλει πάντων; Just., A I, 28, 4; D. 6, 1: Ath. 35, 2) μὴ τῶν βοῶν μ. τῷ θεῷ; is it about oxen that God is concerned? 1 Cor 9:9 (Ael. Dion. τ, 35; Paroem. Gr.: Apostol. 17, 43 τῶν δʼ ὄνων οὔμοι μέλει. For the idea cp. Aeschin. 1, 17; EpArist 144; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 260 οὐ γὰρ ὑπὲρ ἀλόγων ὁ νόμος).ⓑ foll. by περί τινος about someone or someth. (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 4, 38, 3 περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν Διὶ̈ μελήσειν = Zeus will care for the rest; Alciphron 4, 6, 5; PLond III, 897, 27 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; POxy 1155, 5; 1 Macc 14:42, 43; Wsd 12:13; Jos., Ant. 6, 253; Just., D. 8, 2 περὶ σεαυτοῦ) οὐ μ. σοι περὶ οὐδενός you care for no one, i.e. you court no one’s favor or you don’t care what anybody thinks or says about you Mt 22:16; Mk 12:14. περὶ τῶν προβάτων care for the sheep J 10:13. περὶ τῶν πτωχῶν 12:6; cp. 1 Pt 5:7; Hv 2, 3, 1. περὶ ἀγάπης οὐ μ. αὐτοῖς they are not concerned about love ISm 6:2.ⓒ foll. by ὅτι (Hdt. 9, 72; PSI 445; Tob 10:5 BA) someone is concerned that Mk 4:38; Lk 10:40. W. inf. foll. (POxy 930, 11) someone takes care or is pleased to do someth. 11:1. W. περί τινος and a subst. inf. foll. τοῦ μεταδοῦναι 1:5.ⓓ a rather clear case of the personal constr. (Hom. et al.; EpArist 92) οὐδὲν (subj.) τούτων (partitive gen.) τῷ Γαλλίωνι ἔμελεν none of these things concerned Gallio = he paid no attention to this Ac 18:17 (s. B-D-F §176, 3; Rob. 508f. But s. οὐδείς 2bγ). Sim. πάντα σοι μ. you are concerned about everything, lit. ‘everything is a care to you’= you want to know about everything Hs 9, 13, 6. —S. also μέλομαι.② be a source of concern abs. (X., Cyr. 4, 3, 7; IG IX, 1, 654 τῇ θεῷ μελήσει) μή σοι μελέτω never mind 1 Cor 7:21.—DELG s.v. μέλω. M-M. -
15 περιτρέχω
περιτρέχω impf. περιέτρεχον; 2 aor. περιέδραμον, ptc. περιδραμών (Hom. et al.).① to be in motion around, run/move around w. the acc. of the thing or pers. one moves around (Hdt. 8, 128; Aristoph., Ran. 193 τὴν λίμνην κύκλῳ; Athen. 5, 208b; PFlor 120, 7; GrBar 6:2) ἄγγελοι περιέτρεχον αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖσε angels were moving about them there ApcPt 5:18. ὧδε κἀκεῖσε περιτρ. κύκλῳ τῆς πύλης run here and there around the gate Hs 9, 3, 1.② to be in rapid motion here and there in an area, run about, go about in (Cebes 14, 1; Am 8:12; Jer 5:1 ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς) w. acc. (Aristoph., Thesmoph. 657 τὴν πύκνα πᾶσαν) ὅλην τὴν χώραν Mk 6:55. ἐν τοῖς πρόβασι (v.l. προβάτοις) π. run about among the sheep Hs 6, 1, 6.—M-M. -
16 ἐμβάλλω
ἐμβάλλω fut. ἐμβαλῶ; 2 aor. ἐνέβαλον, inf. ἐμβαλεῖν. Pass.: fut. ἐμβληθήσομαι LXX; pf. ἐμβέβληται Job 18:8 (Hom.+) to cause to be put in a specific area, freq. in the sense of enforced movement, throw (in, into) τινά someone εἰς τὴν γέενναν Lk 12:5; εἴς τινα τόπον κρημνώδη drove (the sheep) toward some craggy place Hs 6, 2, 6 (UPZ 70, 8 [152/151 B.C.] ἐνβέβληκαν [sc. οἱ θεοί] ὑμᾶς εἰς ὕλην μεγάλην; Just. A II, 2, 10 εἰς δεσμά. But ἐ. can also be used without connotation of pressure send somewhere PPetr II, 41, 2 [III B.C.]; BGU 1209, 14 [I B.C.]; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 257).— Put or set (in, into) (Didymus [I B.C. / I A.D.] ed. Schmidt p. 258, 58; Leo 1, 10 conceal a message; SIG 1170, 16 μέλι ἐ. εἰς τὸ γάλα) set a stone into the foundations B 6:2 (Is 28:16). καρδίας σαρκίνας 6:14. Pass. be set εἰς τὸν τόπον in the place Hs 9, 6, 5f.—M-M. -
17 ἐρῆμος
ἐρῆμος, ον, fem.Aἐρήμη Od.3.270
, S.OC 1719(lyr.), Ant. 739, Tr. 530 (lyr.), and in the phrase δίκη ἐρήμη (v. infr. III): [dialect] Att. [full] ἔρημος, ον, acc. to Hdn.Gr.2.938 : [comp] Comp.- ότερος Th.3.11
, Lys.29.1, etc.: [comp] Sup.- ότατος Hdt.9.118
:—desolate, lonely, solitary,1 of places,ἐς νῆσον ἐρήμην Od.3.270
;χῶρος Il.10.520
; τὰ ἐ. τῆς Λιβύης the desert parts.., Hdt.2.32, cf. Th.2.17 ; ἡ ἐρῆμος (sc. χώρα) Hdt.4.18 ;ἡ ἐρήμη Ael.NA 7.48
: pl., ib.3.26 ; empty,πνύξ Ar.Ach.20
.2 of personsor animals, τὰ δ' ἐρῆμα φοβεῖται (i.e. the sheep), Il.5.140 ;ξέρξην ἔ. μολεῖν A. Pers. 734
(troch.) ;ἧσθαι δόμοις ἔ. Id.Ag. 862
;πόρτις ἐρήμα S.Tr. 530
(lyr.) ;ἔ. κἄφιλος Id.Ph. 228
;τὸν θεὸν ἔ. ἀπολιπόντε Ar.Pl. 447
; freq. of poor, friendless persons, And.4.15, etc.; ἐρημότεροι, opp. δυνατώτεροι, Th.3.11; ;εἰς ὀρφανὰ καὶ ἔ. ὑβρίζειν Pl.Lg. 927c
; solitary, not gregarious,Plu.
Caes.63 : neut. as Adv., ἔρημα κλαίω I weep in solitude, E.Supp. 775; ἔρημον ἐμβλέπειν to look vacantly, Ar.Fr. 456.II c. gen., reft of, void or destitute of,[χώρη] ἐ. πάντων Hdt.2.32
;ἀνθρώπων Id.4.17
, cf. 18 ;ἀνδρῶν Id.6.23
, S.OT57 ;Ἀθηναίων Hdt.8.65
;στέγαι φίλων ἔ. S.El. 1405
;Πειραιᾶ ἔ. ὄντα νεῶν Th.8.96
; τῇ ἦν ἐρημότατον τῶν πολεμίων (sc. τὸ τεῖχος) Hdt.9.118 ;[τὰ γεγραμμένα] ἀπόντος τοῦ γράψαντος ἔρημα τοῦ βοηθήσοντός ἐστιν Isoc.Ep.1.3
;θεῶν ἔρημα εἶναι πάντα Pl.Lg. 908c
.2 of persons, bereft of,συμμάχων Hdt.7.160
; (lyr.);πατρὸς ἢ μητρός Pl.Lg. 927d
;πρὸς φίλων S.Ant. 919
; so ἔ. οἶκος a house without heirs, Is.7.31.3 with no bad sense, wanting, without,ἐσθὴς ἐρῆμος ὅπλων Hdt.9.63
; free from,ἀνδρῶν κακῶν ἔρημος πόλις Pl.Lg. 862e
.III ἐρήμη, rarely ἔρημος (with or more commonly without γραφή, δίκη, δίαιτα), ἡ, an undefended action, in which one party does not appear, and judgement goes against him by default, ἤλπιζε.. τὴν γραφὴν..ἐρήμην ἔσεσθαι would be undefended, Antipho 2.1.7 ; ; δίκην εἷλον ἐρήμην I got judgement by default, D.21.81 ;ἐρήμην αὐτὸν λαβόντες..εἷλον Lys.20.18
; τὴν ἔρημον δεδωκότα having given it by default in one's favour, D.21.85 ; ἔρημον ὦφλε δίκην he let it go by default, ib.87, cf. Antipho 5.13 ; ;ἐρήμην καταδιαιτῆσαί τινος Id.40.17
; γενομένης ἐρήμου κατὰ Μειδίου Test. ap. eund.21.93 ; ἐρήμην κατηγορεῖν to accuse in a case where there was no defence, Pl.Ap. 18c, cf. D.21.87 ; ἐρήμην or ἐξ ἐρήμης κρατεῖν, Luc.Anach.40, JTr.25 ;ἁλῶναι Id.Tox.11
, etc.3 for ἐρήμας τρυγᾶν v. sub τρυγάω. -
18 σκορπίζω
σκορπίζω (fr. σκορπίος) fut. σκορπιῶ LXX; 1 aor. ἐσκόρπισα. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. σκορπισθήσονται Tob 14:4 BA; 1 aor. ἐσκορπίσθην; pf. ptc. ἐσκορπισμένος LXX.① to cause a group or gathering to go in various directions, scatter, disperse (Hecataeus Mil.: 1 Fgm. 366 Jac. [in Phryn. p. 218 Lob.]; Strabo 4, 4, 6; Ps.-Lucian, Asinus 32; Aelian, VH 13, 45; Jos., Ant. 16, 10; LXX; TestSol; TestAsh 7:6 v.l.; Tat. 30, 1) of a wolf τὰ πρόβατα σκορπίζει he chases the sheep in all directions J 10:12. Opp. συνάγειν (Artem. 1, 56 p. 52, 17 συνάγει τοὺς ἐσκορπισμένους τὸ ὄργανον; Tob 13:5 BA) ὁ μὴ συνάγων μετʼ ἐμοῦ σκορπίζει, prob. w. ref. to a flock rather than to a harvest Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23 (in Astrampsychus 40 Dec. 83, 8 and Cat. Cod. Astr. II 162, 7 σκ.=‘squander, waste’.—On the idea s. Polyaenus 8, 23, 27: Καῖσαρ Πομπηί̈ου κηρύξαντος ἔχθραν καὶ τοῖς μηδετέρῳ προστιθεμένοις ἀντεκήρυξε καὶ φίλους ἡγήσεσθαι κατʼ ἴσον τοῖς ἑαυτῷ συμμαχήσασιν ‘when Pompey declared hostility, Caesar in turn proclaimed to those who did not choose sides that he equated friends with those who joined forces with himself’. In Lat. in Cicero: AFridrichsen, ZNW 13, 1012, 273–80. Caesar’s point of view resembles that of Mk 9:40=Lk 9:50). Pass. (Plut., Timol. 4, 2; Philo; Jos., Ant. 6, 116; 1 Macc 6:54 ἐσκορπίσθησαν ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν τόπον αὐτοῦ) be scattered ἵνα σκορπισθῆτε ἕκαστος εἰς τὰ ἴδια J 16:32.② to distribute in various directions, scatter abroad, distribute (PLond I, 131, 421 p. 182 [I A.D.] of spreading fertilizer over an entire field; PFlor 175, 22 τὰ καμήλια ἐσκορπίσαμεν=‘we have distributed the camels in various places’; Jos., Ant. 16, 10) of God ἐσκόρπισεν, ἔδωκεν τοῖς πένησιν 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps 111:9).—DELG s.v. σκορπίος. M-M. TW. -
19 ἱκανός
-ή,-όν + A 9-3-8-7-19=46 Gn 30,15; 33,15; Ex 4,10; 12,4; 36,7sufficient, adequate, suited Sir prol.,11; well suited Ex 4,10; sufficient, enough, many, great Hab 2,13; τὸ ἱκανόν what’s enough or sufficient Prv 25,16; ὁ ἱκανός the Mighty One (transl. of MT דישׁ Shaddai read as די/שׁ he who is sufficient) Ru 1,20.21, see also Jb 21,15, 31,2, 40,2ἱκανὸν ὅτι it’s enough that Gn 30,15; ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἰσχύσῃ ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἱκανὸν εἰς τὸ πρόβατον if he cannot afford the sheep Lv 5,7; ἐὰν δὲ μὴ εὑρίσκῃ ἡ χεὶρ αὐτῆς τὸ ἱκανὸν εἰς ἀμνόν if she cannot afford a lamb Lv 12,8; οὐκ ἂν ἔκλεψαν τὰ ἱκανὰ ἑαυτοῖσ; would they not have stolen just enough? Ob 5; οἱ ἱερεῖς ἱκανοί a sufficient number of priests 2 Chr 30,3; ἱκανοί ἐστε ἐν τοῖς ἔτεσιν you are of a sufficient age 1 Mc 16,3; ἐφ᾽ ἱκανόν for a good space, far 2 Mc 7,5; ἀφ᾽ ἱκανοῦ as often as 2 Kgs 4,8*Jer 31(48),30 ἱκανὸν αὐτοῦ enough for him-דיו/ב for MT בדיו his boastingCf. BERTRAM 1958, 20-31; HARL 1986a 229.240-241; 1999 101; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 98; SPICQ 1982,345-350; TOV 1976b, 540; ZORELL 1927, 215-219; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
20 ὑπολύω
A loosen beneath or below, ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα made his limbs give way under him (by giving him a deadly wound), Il.15.581;πολλῶν ἀνδρῶν ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλυσε Od.14.236
; ὑπέλυσε μένος καὶ φαίδιμα γυῖα made courage and strength fail, Il.6.27; of wrestlers,ὑπέλυσε δὲ γυῖα 23.726
:—[voice] Pass.,ὑπέλυντο δὲ γυῖα 16.341
; λύθεν δ' ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα ib. 805;ὑπολύεταί μου τὰ γόνατα Ar.Lys. 216
.II loose from under the yoke,ὁ δ' ἔλυεν ὑφ' ἵππους Il.23.513
, cf. Od.4.39;ὑ. ζεύγη βοεικά Th.4.128
; loose from under the sheep,ἑταίρους Od.9.463
:—[voice] Med., σὺ τόν γ'.. ὑπελύσαο δεσμῶν thou didst set him free from bonds, Il.1.401.2 untie a person's sandals from under his feet, take off his shoes,ὑπαί τις ἀρβύλας λύοι A.Ag. 944
;τὰς Περσικάς Ar.Nu. 152
, cf. Th. 1183:—[voice] Med., take off one's own sandals or shoes, or have them taken off,τὰς ἐμβάδας Id.V. 1157
(prob. cj. for ὑποδύου): abs., ὑπολύεσθαι, opp. ὑποδεῖσθαι, Id.Lys. 950, Pl. 927, cf. X.An.4.5.13:—alsob c. acc. pers., ὑ. τινά unshoe him, take off his shoes,οὐχ ὑπολύσεις αὐτόν; Pherecr.153.6
(hex.);ὑπολύετε, παῖδες, Ἀλκιβιάδην Pl.Smp. 213b
.3 [voice] Med., disarm oneself, Ael.VH14.48 (v.l. ἀπελύσατο).
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