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101 صعب
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) \ صَعْب الاحتمال \ hard: uncomfortable; not pleasant: Poor people have a hard life. \ صَعْب الإِرْضاء \ fussy: hard to please: She’s fussy about her food. particular: hard to please: My teacher is very particular about neat writing. \ صَعْب التحديد لِدِقَّتِه \ subtle: difficult to understand or explain: a subtle difference between two things which seem the same. \ صَعْب الحَرَكَة \ stiff: not easily moved: a stiff door. \ صَعْب الفَهْم \ tortuous: hard to understand: a tortuous explanation. \ صَعْب المأْخَذ (لثِقله أو ضَخَامته) \ unwieldy: difficult to move or control because of its weight or shape: A bicycle is too unwieldy to be carried far. \ See Also الاستِعمال \ صَعْب المِرَاس \ difficult: (of people) hard to please or to deal with. unruly: unwilling to obey; hard to control: an unruly child; an unruly crowd. \ صَعْب الهَضْم \ stodgy: (of food) too heavy to be enjoyable, or to be dealt with easily by the stomach. -
102 مركب
مُرَكَّب \ complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. compound: a mixture: a chemical compound. \ مُرَكَّب آليّ \ mechanism: the arrangement and action of parts of a machine or other objects: a clock mechanism; the mechanism of the human brain. \ See Also آلِيَّة -
103 works
أَعمال \ works. \ See Also عمل (عَمَل) \ الأَجْزَاء المتحرّكة من الآلة (في صيغة الجمع) \ works: the moving parts of a machine (other than the wheels of a vehicle): You should oil the works of your sewing machine. -
104 onderdeel
♦voorbeelden:1 onderdelen van een machine • the parts/components of a machinehet volgend onderdeel van ons programma • the next item on our programmeeen onderdeel vormen van • form a part of -
105 werkend
2 [bewegend] working♦voorbeelden:werkenden en niet-werkenden • employed and unemployedsnel werkende vaccins • fast acting vaccines -
106 order
1. noun1) (sequence) Reihenfolge, dieword order — Wortstellung, die
in order of importance/size/age — nach Wichtigkeit/Größe/Alter
put something in order — etwas [in der richtigen Reihenfolge] ordnen
keep something in order — etwas in der richtigen Reihenfolge halten
answer the questions in order — die Fragen der Reihe nach beantworten
out of order — nicht in der richtigen Reihenfolge
2) (normal state) Ordnung, dieput or set something/one's affairs in order — Ordnung in etwas bringen/seine Angelegenheiten ordnen
be/not be in order — in Ordnung/nicht in Ordnung sein (ugs.)
be out of/in order — (not in/in working condition) nicht funktionieren/funktionieren
‘out of order’ — "außer Betrieb"
in good/bad order — in gutem/schlechtem Zustand
3) in sing. and pl. (command) Anweisung, die; Anordnung, die; (Mil.) Befehl, der; (Law) Beschluss, der; Verfügung, diemy orders are to..., I have orders to... — ich habe Anweisung zu...
court order — Gerichtsbeschluss, der
by order of — auf Anordnung (+ Gen.)
4)in order to do something — um etwas zu tun
5) (Commerc.) Auftrag, der ( for über + Akk.); Bestellung, die ( for Gen.); Order, die (Kaufmannsspr.); (to waiter, ordered goods) Bestellung, dieplace an order [with somebody] — [jemandem] einen Auftrag erteilen
made to order — nach Maß angefertigt, maßgeschneidert [Kleidung]
keep order — Ordnung [be]wahren; see also academic.ru/42004/law">law 2)
7) (Eccl.) Orden, der8)Order! Order! — zur Ordnung!; Ruhe bitte!
Call somebody/the meeting to order — jemanden/die Versammlung zur Ordnung rufen
point of order — Verfahrensfrage, die
be in order — zulässig sein; (fig.) [Forderung:] berechtigt sein; [Drink, Erklärung:] angebracht sein
it is in order for him to do that — (fig.) es ist in Ordnung, wenn er das tut (ugs.)
be out of order — (unacceptable) gegen die Geschäftsordnung verstoßen; [Verhalten, Handlung:] unzulässig sein
10) (Finance) Order, die[banker's] order — [Bank]anweisung, die
11)order [of magnitude] — Größenordnung, die
of or in the order of... — in der Größenordnung von...
2. transitive verba scoundrel of the first order — (fig. coll.) ein Schurke ersten Ranges
1) (command) befehlen; anordnen; [Richter:] verfügen; verordnen [Arznei, Ruhe usw.]order somebody to do something — jemanden anweisen/(Milit.) jemandem befehlen, etwas zu tun
order something [to be] done — anordnen, dass etwas getan wird
order somebody out of the house — jemanden aus dem Haus weisen
3) (arrange) ordnenPhrasal Verbs:* * *['o:də] 1. noun1) (a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command: He gave me my orders.) die Anordnung2) (an instruction to supply something: orders from Germany for special gates.) der Auftrag3) (something supplied: Your order is nearly ready.) die Bestellung4) (a tidy state: The house is in (good) order.) ordentlicher Zustand5) (a system or method: I must have order in my life.) die Ordnung6) (an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc: in alphabetical order; in order of importance.) die Reihenfolge7) (a peaceful condition: law and order.) öffentliche Ordnung8) (a written instruction to pay money: a banker's order.) die Order9) (a group, class, rank or position: This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.) die Ordnung10) (a religious society, especially of monks: the Benedictine order.) der Orden2. verb1) (to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority): He ordered me to stand up.) befehlen2) (to give an instruction to supply: I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.) bestellen3) (to put in order: Should we order these alphabetically?) ordnen•- orderly3. noun1) (a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.) der/die Sanitäter(in)2) (a soldier who carries an officer's orders and messages.) der Offiziersbursche•- orderliness- order-form
- in order
- in order that
- in order
- in order to
- made to order
- on order
- order about
- out of order
- a tall order* * *or·der[ˈɔ:dəʳ, AM ˈɔ:rdɚ]I. NOUNto bring some \order into a system/one's life etwas Ordnung in ein System/sein Leben bringenin \order in Ordnungto leave sth in \order etw in [einem] ordentlichem Zustand hinterlassento put sth in \order etw ordnen [o in Ordnung bringen]to put one's affairs in \order seine Angelegenheiten ordnen [o in Ordnung bringenthe children lined up in \order of age die Kinder stellten sich dem Alter nach aufin \order of preference in der bevorzugten Reihenfolgein alphabetical/chronological/reverse \order in alphabetischer/chronologischer/umgekehrter Reihenfolgeto sort sth in \order of date/importance/price etw nach Datum/Wichtigkeit/Preis sortierento be out of \order durcheinandergeraten seinword \order Wortstellung f\orders are \orders Befehl ist Befehlcourt \order richterliche Verfügung, Gerichtsbeschluss mdoctor's \orders ärztliche Anweisungby \order of the police auf polizeiliche Anordnung hinto give/receive an \order eine Anweisung [o einen Befehl] erteilen/erhaltento take \orders from sb von jdm Anweisungen entgegennehmenI won't take \order from you! du hast mir gar nichts zu befehlen!if you don't learn to take \orders, you're going to have a hard time wenn du nicht lernst, dir etwas sagen zu lassen, wirst du es schwer habenyour \order will be ready in a minute, sir Ihre Bestellung kommt gleich!we'll take three \orders of chicken nuggets wir nehmen drei Mal die Chickennuggetsto take an \order eine Bestellung entgegennehmento be on \order bestellt seinto put in an \order eine Bestellung aufgeben; (to make sth also) einen Auftrag erteilento take an \order eine Bestellung aufnehmen; (to make sth also) einen Auftrag aufnehmenpay to the \order of Mr Smith zahlbar an Herrn Smithmoney \order Postanweisung fmarket \order Bestensauftrag m fachsprstop-loss \order Stop-Loss-Auftrag m fachsprgood-till-canceled \order AM Auftrag m bis auf Widerruffill or kill \order Sofortauftrag m\order! [\order!] please quieten down! Ruhe bitte! seien Sie bitte leise!to be in \order in Ordnung seinis it in \order for me to park my car here? ist es in Ordnung, wenn ich mein Auto hier parke?to be out of \order BRIT ( fam) person sich akk danebenbenehmen fam; behaviour aus dem Rahmen fallen, nicht in Ordnung seinyour behaviour was well out of \order dein Verhalten fiel ziemlich aus dem Rahmen [o war absolut nicht in Ordnung]you were definitely out of \order du hast dich völlig danebenbenommen famto keep [a class in] \order [in einer Klasse] Ordnung wahren; (maintain discipline) die Disziplin [in einer Klasse] aufrechterhaltento restore \order die Ordnung wiederherstellen9. no pl POL, ADMIN (prescribed procedure) Verfahrensweise f; (in the House of Commons) Geschäftsordnung fto bring a meeting to \order eine Sitzung zur Rückkehr zur Tagesordnung aufrufento raise a point of \order eine Anfrage zur Geschäftsordnung habenrules of \order Verfahrensregeln pl\order of service Gottesdienstordnung fto call to \order das Zeichen zum Beginn gebento call a meeting to \order (ask to behave) eine Versammlung zur Ordnung rufen; (open officially) einen Sitzung eröffnento be in good \order sich in gutem Zustand befinden, in einem guten Zustand sein; (work well) in Ordnung sein, gut funktionierento be in working [or running] \order (ready for use) funktionsbereit [o betriebsbereit] sein; (functioning) funktionierento be out of \order (not ready for use) nicht betriebsbereit sein; (not working) nicht funktionieren, kaputt sein fam“out of \order” „außer Betrieb“▪ in \order to do sth um etw zu tunhe came home early in \order to see the children er kam früh nach Hause, um die Kinder zu sehen▪ in \order for... damit...in \order for us to do our work properly, you have to supply us with the parts wenn korrekt arbeiten sollen, müssen Sie uns die Teile liefern▪ in \order that... damit...in \order that you get into college, you have to study hard um aufs College gehen zu können, musst du viel lernen\order [of magnitude] Größenordnung fof a completely different \order (type) völlig anderer Art; (dimension) in einer völlig anderen Größenordnungof [or in] the \order of sth in der Größenordnung einer S. genthis project will cost in the \order of £5000 das Projekt wird ungefähr 500 Pfund kostena new world \order eine neue Weltordnungthe higher/lower \orders die oberen/unteren BevölkerungsschichtenJesuit O\order Jesuitenorden mO\order of the Garters Hosenbandorden mO\order of Merit Verdienstorden mMasonic O\order Freimaurerloge fDoric/Ionic \order dorische/ionische Säulenordnungequations of the second \order Ableitungen erster Ordnung pl▪ \orders pl Weihe fto take the \orders die Weihe empfangen21.▶ to be the \order of the day an der Tagesordnung seinbestellenare you ready to \order? möchten Sie schon bestellen?III. TRANSITIVE VERB▪ to \order sth etw anordnen [o befehlen]police \ordered the disco closed die Polizei ordnete die Schließung der Diskothek an2. (command)▪ to \order sb to do sth jdm befehlen [o jdn anweisen] etw zu tunthe doctor \ordered him to stay in bed der Arzt verordnete ihm Bettruhe▪ to \order sb out jdn zum Verlassen auffordern, jdn hinausbeordern▪ to \order sth etw bestellen5. (arrange)▪ to \order sth etw ordnento \order one's thoughts seine Gedanken ordnen* * *['ɔːdə(r)]1. n1) (= sequence) (Reihen)folge f, (An)ordnung fword order — Wortstellung f, Wortfolge f
are they in order/in the right order? — sind sie geordnet/in der richtigen Reihenfolge?
in order of preference/merit — in der bevorzugten/in der ihren Auszeichnungen entsprechenden Reihenfolge
to be in the wrong order or out of order — durcheinander sein; (one item) nicht am richtigen Platz sein
to get out of order — durcheinandergeraten; (one item) an eine falsche Stelle kommen
See:→ cast2) (= system) Ordnung fhe has no sense of order — er hat kein Gefühl für Systematik or Methode
a new social/political order — eine neue soziale/politische Ordnung
3) (= tidy or satisfactory state) Ordnung fto put or set one's life/affairs in order — Ordnung in sein Leben/seine Angelegenheiten bringen
to keep order — die Ordnung wahren, die Disziplin aufrechterhalten
or the courtroom (US)! — Ruhe im Gerichtssaal!
order, order! — Ruhe!
5) (= working condition) Zustand mto be out of/in order (car, radio, telephone) — nicht funktionieren/funktionieren; (machine, lift also) außer/in Betrieb sein
"out of order" — "außer Betrieb"
See:→ working"no parking/smoking by order" — "Parken/Rauchen verboten!"
"no parking - by order of the Town Council" — "Parken verboten - die Stadtverwaltung"
by order of the minister — auf Anordnung des Ministers
to be under orders to do sth — Instruktionen haben, etw zu tun
until further orders — bis auf weiteren Befehl
to place an order with sb — eine Bestellung bei jdm aufgeben or machen/jdm einen Auftrag geben
to put sth on order — etw in Bestellung/Auftrag geben
8) (FIN)to order — Orderscheck m, Namensscheck m
pay to the order of — zahlbar an (+acc)
9)10)(= correct procedure at meeting PARL ETC)
a point of order — eine Verfahrensfrageto be out of order — gegen die Verfahrensordnung verstoßen; ( Jur : evidence ) unzulässig sein; (fig) aus dem Rahmen fallen
to call sb to order — jdn ermahnen, sich an die Verfahrensordnung zu halten
to call the meeting/delegates to order —
an explanation/a drink would seem to be in order — eine Erklärung/ein Drink wäre angebracht
is it in order for me to go to Paris? — ist es in Ordnung, wenn ich nach Paris fahre?
what's the order of the day? — was steht auf dem Programm (also fig) or auf der Tagesordnung?; (Mil) wie lautet der Tagesbefehl?
12) (MIL: formation) Ordnung f13) (social) Schicht fthe higher/lower orders — die oberen/unteren Schichten
15) orderspl(holy) orders (Eccl) — Weihe(n) f(pl); (of priesthood) Priesterweihe f
16) (= honour, society of knights) Orden mOrder of Merit (Brit) — Verdienstorden m
See:→ garter2. vtto order sb to do sth — jdn etw tun heißen (geh), jdm befehlen or (doctor) verordnen, etw zu tun; (esp Mil) jdn dazu beordern, etw zu tun
to order sb's arrest —
he was ordered to be quiet (in public) the army was ordered to retreat — man befahl ihm, still zu sein er wurde zur Ruhe gerufen dem Heer wurde der Rückzug befohlen
he ordered his gun to be brought (to him) — er ließ sich (dat) sein Gewehr bringen
2) (= direct, arrange) one's affairs, life ordnen3) (COMM ETC) goods, dinner, taxi bestellen; (to be manufactured) ship, suit, machinery etc in Auftrag geben (from sb bei jdm)3. vibestellen* * *order [ˈɔː(r)də(r)]A s1. Ordnung f, geordneter Zustand:love of order Ordnungsliebe f;bring some order into Ordnung bringen in (akk);keep order Ordnung halten; → Bes Redew2. (öffentliche) Ordnung:order was restored die Ordnung wurde wiederhergestelltthe old order was upset die alte Ordnung wurde umgestoßen4. (An)Ordnung f, Reihenfolge f:5. Ordnung f, Aufstellung f:in close (open) order MIL in geschlossener (geöffneter) Ordnung7. PARL etc (Geschäfts)Ordnung f:a call to order ein Ordnungsruf;call to order zur Ordnung rufen;rise to (a point of) order zur Geschäftsordnung sprechen;rule sb out of order jemandem das Wort entziehen;order of the day, order of business Tagesordnung ( → A 10);be the order of the day auf der Tagesordnung stehen (a. fig);pass to the order of the day zur Tagesordnung übergehen8. Zustand m:in bad order nicht in Ordnung, in schlechtem Zustand;in good order in Ordnung, in gutem Zustand9. LING (Satz)Stellung f, Wortfolge forders are orders Befehl ist Befehl;give orders ( oder an order, the order) for sth to be done ( oder that sth [should] be done) Befehl geben, etwas zu tun oder dass etwas getan werde;11. Verfügung f, Befehl m, Auftrag m:order to pay Zahlungsbefehl, -anweisung f;order of remittance Überweisungsauftrag13. Art f, Klasse f, Grad m, Rang m:of a high order von hohem Rang;of quite another order von ganz anderer Art14. MATH Ordnung f, Grad m:equation of the first order Gleichung f ersten Grades15. (Größen)Ordnung f:16. Klasse f, (Gesellschafts)Schicht f:the military order der Soldatenstand17. a) Orden m (Gemeinschaft von Personen)b) (geistlicher) Orden:the Franciscan Order der Franziskanerorden18. Orden m:20. RELa) Weihe(stufe) f:major orders höhere Weihentake (holy) orders die heiligen Weihen empfangen, in den geistlichen Stand treten;be in (holy) orders dem geistlichen Stand angehören21. REL Ordnung f (der Messe etc):order of confession Beichtordnung22. Ordnung f, Chor m (der Engel):23. ARCH (Säulen)Ordnung f:Doric order dorische Säulenordnung24. ARCH Stil ma) auf Bestellung anfertigen,b) nach Maß anfertigen;26. a) Bestellung f (im Restaurant etc):b) umg Portion f27. WIRTSCH Order f (Zahlungsauftrag):pay to sb’s order an jemandes Order zahlen;payable to order zahlbar an Order;own order eigene Order;28. besonders Br Einlassschein m, besonders Freikarte fB v/the ordered the bridge to be built er befahl, die Brücke zu bauen;he ordered him to come er befahl ihm zu kommen, er ließ ihn kommento nach):order sb home jemanden nach Hause schicken;order sb out of one’s house jemanden aus seinem Haus weisen;order sb off the field SPORT jemanden vom Platz stellenorder sb to (stay in) bed jemandem Bettruhe verordnen4. Bücher, ein Glas Bier etc bestellen5. regeln, leiten, führenorder arms! Gewehr ab!7. fig ordnen:order one’s affairs seine Angelegenheiten in Ordnung bringen, sein Haus bestellen;an ordered life ein geordnetes LebenC v/i1. befehlen, Befehle geben2. Auftäge erteilen, Bestellungen machen:are you ready to order now? (im Restaurant) haben Sie schon gewählt?;have you ordered yet? (im Restaurant) haben Sie schon bestellt?Besondere Redewendungen: at the order MIL Gewehr bei Fuß;a) befehls- oder auftragsgemäß,a) auf Befehl von (od gen),b) im Auftrag von (od gen),a) in Ordnung (a. fig gut, richtig),b) der Reihe nach, in der richtigen Reihenfolge,c) in Übereinstimmung mit der Geschäftsordnung, zulässig,d) angebracht in order to um zu;the meeting has been adjourned in order for me to prepare my speech damit ich meine Rede vorbereiten kann;in order that … damit …;in short order US umg sofort, unverzüglich;keep in order in Ordnung halten, instand halten;put in order in Ordnung bringen;set in order ordnen;on order WIRTSCHa) auf oder bei Bestellung,b) bestellt, in Auftrag on the order ofa) nach Art von (od gen),a) in Unordnung,b) defekt,c) MED gestört,d) im Widerspruch zur Geschäftsordnung, unzulässig I know I am out of order in saying that … ich weiß, es ist unangebracht, wenn ich sage, dass …;a) bis auf weiteren Befehl,b) bis auf Weiteres ordera) befehlsgemäß,b) auftragsgemäß,c) → A 25,be just under orders nur Befehle ausführen;my orders are to do sth ich habe Befehl, etwas zu tunord. abk1. order2. ordinal3. ordinance4. ordinary gewöhnl.* * *1. noun1) (sequence) Reihenfolge, dieword order — Wortstellung, die
in order of importance/size/age — nach Wichtigkeit/Größe/Alter
put something in order — etwas [in der richtigen Reihenfolge] ordnen
2) (normal state) Ordnung, dieput or set something/one's affairs in order — Ordnung in etwas bringen/seine Angelegenheiten ordnen
be/not be in order — in Ordnung/nicht in Ordnung sein (ugs.)
be out of/in order — (not in/in working condition) nicht funktionieren/funktionieren
‘out of order’ — "außer Betrieb"
in good/bad order — in gutem/schlechtem Zustand
3) in sing. and pl. (command) Anweisung, die; Anordnung, die; (Mil.) Befehl, der; (Law) Beschluss, der; Verfügung, diemy orders are to..., I have orders to... — ich habe Anweisung zu...
court order — Gerichtsbeschluss, der
by order of — auf Anordnung (+ Gen.)
4)5) (Commerc.) Auftrag, der ( for über + Akk.); Bestellung, die ( for Gen.); Order, die (Kaufmannsspr.); (to waiter, ordered goods) Bestellung, dieplace an order [with somebody] — [jemandem] einen Auftrag erteilen
made to order — nach Maß angefertigt, maßgeschneidert [Kleidung]
keep order — Ordnung [be]wahren; see also law 2)
7) (Eccl.) Orden, der8)Order! Order! — zur Ordnung!; Ruhe bitte!
Call somebody/the meeting to order — jemanden/die Versammlung zur Ordnung rufen
point of order — Verfahrensfrage, die
be in order — zulässig sein; (fig.) [Forderung:] berechtigt sein; [Drink, Erklärung:] angebracht sein
it is in order for him to do that — (fig.) es ist in Ordnung, wenn er das tut (ugs.)
be out of order — (unacceptable) gegen die Geschäftsordnung verstoßen; [Verhalten, Handlung:] unzulässig sein
9) (kind, degree) Klasse, die; Art, die10) (Finance) Order, die[banker's] order — [Bank]anweisung, die
‘pay to the order of...’ — "zahlbar an..." (+ Akk.)
11)order [of magnitude] — Größenordnung, die
of or in the order of... — in der Größenordnung von...
2. transitive verba scoundrel of the first order — (fig. coll.) ein Schurke ersten Ranges
1) (command) befehlen; anordnen; [Richter:] verfügen; verordnen [Arznei, Ruhe usw.]order somebody to do something — jemanden anweisen/(Milit.) jemandem befehlen, etwas zu tun
order something [to be] done — anordnen, dass etwas getan wird
2) (direct the supply of) bestellen ( from bei); ordern [Kaufmannsspr.]3) (arrange) ordnenPhrasal Verbs:* * *n.Auftrag -¨e m.Befehl -e m.Grad -e m.Kommando -s n.Ordnung -en f. v.anfordern (commerce) v.anordnen v.befehlen v.(§ p.,pp.: befahl, befohlen)bestellen v. -
107 Marey, Etienne-Jules
[br]b. 5 March 1830 Beaune, Franced. 15 May 1904 Paris, France[br]French physiologist and pioneer of chronophotography.[br]At the age of 19 Marey went to Paris to study medicine, becoming particularly interested in the problems of the circulation of the blood. In an early communication to the Académie des Sciences he described a much improved device for recording the pulse, the sphygmograph, in which the beats were recorded on a smoked plate. Most of his subsequent work was concerned with methods of recording movement: to study the movement of the horse, he used pneumatic sensors on each hoof to record traces on a smoked drum; this device became known as the Marey recording tambour. His attempts to study the wing movements of a bird in flight in the same way met with limited success since the recording system interfered with free movement. Reading in 1878 of Muybridge's work in America using sequence photography to study animal movement, Marey considered the use of photography himself. In 1882 he developed an idea first used by the astronomer Janssen: a camera in which a series of exposures could be made on a circular photographic plate. Marey's "photographic gun" was rifle shaped and could expose twelve pictures in approximately one second on a circular plate. With this device he was able to study wing movements of birds in free flight. The camera was limited in that it could record only a small number of images, and in the summer of 1882 he developed a new camera, when the French government gave him a grant to set up a physiological research station on land provided by the Parisian authorities near the Porte d'Auteuil. The new design used a fixed plate, on which a series of images were recorded through a rotating shutter. Looking rather like the results provided by a modern stroboscope flash device, the images were partially superimposed if the subject was slow moving, or separated if it was fast. His human subjects were dressed all in white and moved against a black background. An alternative was to dress the subject in black, with highly reflective strips and points along limbs and at joints, to produce a graphic record of the relationships of the parts of the body during action. A one-second-sweep timing clock was included in the scene to enable the precise interval between exposures to be assessed. The fixed-plate cameras were used with considerable success, but the number of individual records on each plate was still limited. With the appearance of Eastman's Kodak roll-film camera in France in September 1888, Marey designed a new camera to use the long rolls of paper film. He described the new apparatus to the Académie des Sciences on 8 October 1888, and three weeks later showed a band of images taken with it at the rate of 20 per second. This camera and its subsequent improvements were the first true cinematographic cameras. The arrival of Eastman's celluloid film late in 1889 made Marey's camera even more practical, and for over a decade the Physiological Research Station made hundreds of sequence studies of animals and humans in motion, at rates of up to 100 pictures per second. Marey pioneered the scientific study of movement using film cameras, introducing techniques of time-lapse, frame-by-frame and slow-motion analysis, macro-and micro-cinematography, superimposed timing clocks, studies of airflow using smoke streams, and other methods still in use in the 1990s. Appointed Professor of Natural History at the Collège de France in 1870, he headed the Institut Marey founded in 1898 to continue these studies. After Marey's death in 1904, the research continued under the direction of his associate Lucien Bull, who developed many new techniques, notably ultra-high-speed cinematography.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsForeign member of the Royal Society 1898. President, Académie des Sciences 1895.Bibliography1860–1904, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris.1873, La Machine animale, Paris 1874, Animal Mechanism, London.1893, Die Chronophotographie, Berlin. 1894, Le Mouvement, Paris.1895, Movement, London.1899, La Chronophotographie, Paris.Further Reading1905, Travaux de l'Association de l'Institut Marey, Paris. Brian Coe, 1981, History of Movie Photography, London.——1992, Muybridge and the Chronophotographers, London. Jacques Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris.See also: Demenÿ, GeorgesBC / MG -
108 awkward
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) -
109 complex
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) -
110 complicated
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) -
111 difficult
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) -
112 hard
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) -
113 tough
صَعْب \ awkward: causing difficulty: an awkward bend in the road; an awkward man to deal with. complex: made up of many different parts; difficult to understand. complicated: hard to deal with or understand, because of its many difficult parts: a complicated machine; a complicated story. difficult: (of things) not easy; hard to do; needing skill, strength, thought, etc.. hard: difficult: a hard question. tough: hard: a tough job. \ See Also معقد (مُعَقَّد) -
114 μηχανή
μηχανή, ῆς, ἡ (since Hes.) gener. ‘machine’ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 26:8 PQ [fig. ‘device, strategem’]; Philo; Jos., Ant. 14, 423; 17, 4; Tat. 3, 1; 17, 2 [fig.]; loanw. in rabb.), specif. a crane for hoisting things (Pla., Crat. 425d) fig. μ. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IEph 9:1. The figure is carried out thus: the parts of the ‘crane of Christ’ are the cross (Hdt. 2, 125 μηχ. ξύλων=‘made of wood’) and the Holy Spirit, the latter being the rope. The crane brings the stones, symbolizing Christians, to the proper height for the divine structure (cp. Chrysostom, Hom. 3 in Eph ὥσπερ διά τινος ἕλκων μηχανῆς εἰς ὕψος αὐτὴν [sc. ἐκκλησίαν] ἀνήγαγε μέγα; Martyr. Andreae 1, 14 [Aa II/1, 55] ὦ σταυρὲ μηχάνημα σωτηρίας).—DELG. -
115 hang
I[hæŋ] v կախել, կախ տալ. hang washing on the lines լվացքը պարանին փռել. hang one’s head գլուխը կախել. hang wallpaper պատը պաս տառապատել. hang man դահիճ. (կախաղան հանել, մահապատժի ենթարկել) be hang ed for murder սպանության համար կա խաղան բարձրացնել. hang it! Սատանան տանի I’m hanged if I know Սպանես էլ չգիտեմ. (կախվել, կախված լինել) The lamp hangs from the ceiling Լամպը կախված է առաստաղից. (հա գուստի մասին) The dress hangs well Հագուստը լավ է նստում. His life hangs by a thread Նրա կյանքը մազից է կախված. hang about անգործ շրջել. hang back առաջ չընկնել, ստվերում մնալ. She hung back Նա հետ քաշվեց/ստվե րում մնաց. hang down կախվել. Her hair hang down Նրա մազերը ցած էին կախված. hang on ամուր բռնել, կառչել. hang on the idea մտքից/ գ աղա փա րից կառչել. All hangs on his decision Ամեն ինչ կախված է նրա որոշումից. hang out կախ տալ. դուրս կախել. hang out flags դրոշները կա խել. hang over կախ ընկնել, վրան կռանալ. Exams are hanging over Քննությունները վզիցս են կախվել. hang together համախմբվել, միաս նա կան գործել. The two parts don’t hang together Երկու կողմերը հակասում են միմյանց. hang up ձգձգել. խսկց. լսափողը կախել. hang up your receiver Լսափո ղը կախեք. He hang up (on me) Նա լսափո ղը դրեց (մինչև վերջ ինձ չլսելով)II[hæŋ] n նշանակություն, իմաստ. I don’t get the hang Իմաստը չեմ հասկանում. I haven’t got the hang of this machine Ծանոթ չեմ այս մեքե նայի/մեխանիզմի գործելակերպին. ոot a hang ամենևին I don’t care a hang Վեջս չի -
116 moving
['muːvɪŋ]1) [ vehicle] in movimento; [target, staircase] mobile2) (emotional) [scene, speech] commovente, toccante3) (motivating)to be the moving force o spirit behind sth. — essere l'anima di qcs
* * *adjective (having an effect on the emotions etc: a very moving speech.) commovente* * *moving /ˈmu:vɪŋ/A a.3 in moto; in movimento: a moving train, un treno in moto; the moving parts of a machine, le parti (o gli organi) in movimento di una macchina; ( sport) a moving ball, un pallone in movimento4 che anima; che dà impulso; animatore: He's the moving spirit behind the plan, è l'anima del progettoB n.1 [u] spostamento; trasferimento● (stat.) moving average, media mobile □ (astron.) moving cluster, ammasso stellare in moto □ (elettr.) moving coil, a bobina mobile □ moving day, giorno di trasloco (o in cui scade l'affitto) □ moving forward, spostamento in avanti □ moving in, occupazione della casa nuova; l'entrare in un'abitazione nuova □ (mecc.) moving load, carico mobile □ moving pavement, tapis roulant (franc.) □ ( USA) moving picture, film □ ( USA) moving-picture theater, cinema; cinematografo; sala di proiezione □ moving pictures, cinema; cinematografo □ ( basket) moving screen, velo mobile □ ( USA) moving van, furgone per traslochi □ (fam.) Get moving!, sbrigati!; muoviti!* * *['muːvɪŋ]1) [ vehicle] in movimento; [target, staircase] mobile2) (emotional) [scene, speech] commovente, toccante3) (motivating)to be the moving force o spirit behind sth. — essere l'anima di qcs
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117 ♦ working
♦ working /ˈwɜ:kɪŋ/A a.1 che lavora; attivo; laborioso2 che funziona; funzionante; in funzione: a working model of a plane, un modello d'aereo che funziona; un aeromodello; (mecc.) the working parts of a machine, le parti funzionanti (o mobili) di una macchina3 sufficiente; discreto; che basta allo scopo: a working knowledge of English, una conoscenza discreta dell'ingleseB n.3 (pl.) ► workings● (comput.) working area, area di lavoro □ (equit.) working canter, piccolo galoppo di lavoro ( nel dressage) □ (fin., rag.) working capital, capitale netto d'esercizio; capitale circolante netto □ (fin., rag.) working capital ratio, rapporto di liquidità ( di un'azienda) □ (econ.) the working class, la classe operaia (o lavoratrice); (stor.) il proletariato □ working-class family, famiglia operaia □ working conditions, condizioni di lavoro ( di un dipendente); buono stato, buone condizioni ( di una macchina, ecc.) □ (rag.) working costs, costi di esercizio, spese d'esercizio, spese di gestione □ a working day, una giornata lavorativa; un giorno feriale □ (archit.) a working drawing, un disegno costruttivo □ (rag.) working expenses, spese d'esercizio □ (ind. min.) working face, sezione di scavo □ working group = working party ► sotto □ working hours, ore lavorative; orario di lavoro □ a working hypothesis, un'ipotesi di lavoro □ the working life, la vita (economicamente) attiva □ working load ► workload □ a working man, un operaio; un lavoratore □ working men's club, dopolavoro □ a working mother, una donna con figli che lavora □ working-out, calcolo, risoluzione; elaborazione, sviluppo; esecuzione, attuazione: the working-out of a problem, la soluzione di un problema; the working-out of a plan, l'elaborazione di un progetto □ working-over, il rifare, rifacimento ( di un calcolo, ecc.); busse, botte, pestaggio; (fam. USA) minacce, intimidazioni □ (fin., leg.) working partner, socio attivo □ working party, commissione di studio (o d'indagine); squadra di lavoro ( di soldati, prigionieri, detenuti, ecc.) □ (econ., stat.) working population, popolazione attiva □ (comput.) working space, area di lavoro □ working surface ► worktop □ (org. az.) working time, orario di lavoro □ (econ.) working to rule, sciopero bianco □ (equit.) working trot, trotto di lavoro ( nel dressage) □ working week, settimana lavorativa: 5-day working week, settimana lavorativa di cinque giorni; settimana corta □ working woman, operaia; impiegata; ( in genere) donna che lavora □ (mecc.) in working condition (o in working order), in grado di funzionare; in buono stato. -
118 entrails
'entreilz(the internal parts of the body, especially the intestines: a chicken's entrails.) innvollersubst. flt. \/ˈentreɪlz\/1) innvoller2) indre (deler), det indre av noe -
119 working
attr, inv1) ( employed) berufstätig, erwerbstätig;the \working population die arbeitende Bevölkerung2) ( pertaining to work) Arbeits-;\working clothes Arbeitskleidung f;\working conditions Arbeitsbedingungen fpl;\working model Arbeitsmodell nt;\working practices Arbeitsweise f;\working relationship Arbeitsverhältnis nt;37-hour \working week 37-Stunden-Woche f\working order Betriebsfähigkeit f, Funktionsfähigkeit f;to restore sth to \working order etw wieder in Ordnung bringen;in \working order betriebsfähig, funktionstüchtig;the \working parts of a machine die beweglichen Teile4) ( of theory)5) ( basic) Arbeits-;to have a \working knowledge of sth in etw dat Grundkenntnisse haben6) ( of animal)opencast \working Abbau m über Tage3) minPHRASES:the \workings of fate die Wege des Schicksals -
120 рабочий II
рабоч|ий II -
1. прил. working attr. ;
workers`;
working-class attr. ;
~ класс working class;
~ая молодёжь working/working-class youth;
young workers pl. ;
~ее движение working-class movement;
~ посёлок workers` settlement;
(современный, благоустроенный) factory housing estate;
2. (производящий полезную работу) work attr., working attr. ;
~ скот draught-animals pl. ;
~ая лошадь dray-horse;
~ие пчёлы worker-bees;
3. (предназначенный для работы) working attr. ;
~ день working day, workday;
~ее время working time;
working hours pl. ;
~ костюм working clothes pl. ;
~ее место place for work;
4. (служащий руководством для проведения работы) working attr. ;
~ чертёж working drawing;
5. тех. working attr. ;
~ие части машины working parts of a machine;
~ие руки hands, operatives;
~ая сила manpower, labour power;
в ~ем порядке in the course of the work, on the job.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > рабочий II
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