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1 the early Middle Ages
Общая лексика: раннее средневековье -
2 penitential book (Any of the manuals used in Europe by priests of the Western church, especially during the early Middle Ages, in administering ecclesiastical penance)
Религия: книга покаянийУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > penitential book (Any of the manuals used in Europe by priests of the Western church, especially during the early Middle Ages, in administering ecclesiastical penance)
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3 in the early Middle Ages
Макаров: раннее средневековьеУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > in the early Middle Ages
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4 Middle Ages
средние века; средневековьеthe Middle Ages — средневековье, средние века
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5 Middle Ages
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6 Middle Ages
the Middle Ages — il Medioevo, il Medio Evo
the early, late Middle Ages — l'alto, il basso Medio Evo
* * *( with the) (the time between the end of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.) Medioevo, Medio Evo* * *nplSee:* * *the Middle Ages — il Medioevo, il Medio Evo
the early, late Middle Ages — l'alto, il basso Medio Evo
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7 Middle Ages
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8 rood screen (In Western architecture, element of a Christian church of the Middle Ages or early Renaissance that separated the choir or the area around the altar from the nave)
Религия: алтарная перегородкаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > rood screen (In Western architecture, element of a Christian church of the Middle Ages or early Renaissance that separated the choir or the area around the altar from the nave)
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9 ♦ early
♦ early /ˈɜ:lɪ/ (► earlier, earliest)A a.1 primo; iniziale: early childhood, la prima infanzia; early morning, primo mattino; the early train, il primo treno (della mattina); the early Middle Ages, il primo Medioevo; l'Alto Medioevo; in the early afternoon, nel primo pomeriggio; in the early evening, nel tardo pomeriggio; in early spring, all'inizio della primavera; in the early thirties, nei primi anni trenta; early-summer flowers, i fiori della prima estate NOTA D'USO: - first o early?-2 per tempo; di buon'ora; mattiniero: at an early hour, di buon'ora; an early start, una partenza di buon'ora5 prima del tempo; in anticipo; anticipato; prematuro: an early general election, elezioni politiche anticipate; an early death, una morte prematura; to have an early lunch, pranzare presto; anticipare il pranzo; You're early, sei arrivato presto; sei in anticipo; It's too early to say, è troppo presto per dirloB avv.1 prima del tempo stabilito; in anticipo; per tempo; presto; di buon'ora: She always arrives early, arriva sempre in anticipo; to get up early, alzarsi di buon'ora; to go to bed early, andare a letto presto2 agli inizi: early in one's career, agli inizi della carriera; early in life, in età giovanile; early next week, all'inizio della prossima settimana● (tecn.) early adopter, utente pioniere ( delle nuove tecnologie, ecc.) □ ( Borsa) early bargains, scambi in apertura □ (fam.) early bird, persona mattiniera; tipo mattiniero □ (fig., comm.) early-bird, riservato a chi effettua un acquisto (o una prenotazione) con un certo anticipo: early-bird discount [fee], sconto [tariffa] per chi acquista (o prenota) in anticipo □ (archit.) Early Christian, paleocristiano □ (GB) early-closing day, giorno di chiusura pomeridiana ( dei negozi) □ (archit.) Early English, (in stile) gotico inglese del primo periodo □ (fin.) early exercise, esercizio anticipato ( di un'opzione, ecc.) □ early fruit, primizia □ an early grave, una morte prematura □ the early hours, le primissime ore del giorno ( dopo mezzanotte e prima dell'alba) □ early in the day, di primo mattino; (fig.) per tempo, presto □ early leaver, chi va via presto □ early-morning, di primo mattino; di buon'ora □ (mus.) early music, musica medievale e rinascimentale; musica antica □ early on, agli inizi; presto; quasi subito □ early retirement, pensionamento anticipato; prepensionamento: to take early retirement, andare in prepensionamento □ early riser, persona mattiniera: I'm an early riser, sono mattiniero; mi alzo sempre presto □ (mil. ed estens.) early-warning system, sistema di preallarme □ (bot.) early wood, legno primaverile □ early years, relativo all'età prescolare □ early years education, istruzione prescolastica □ as early as, fin da; già in: as early as 1970, fin dal 1970; già nel 1970 □ (form.) We await your early reply, restiamo in attesa di una vostra sollecita risposta □ to have an early night, andare a letto presto □ It's early days yet, è troppo presto per dirlo; siamo solo agli inizi □ to keep early hours, andare a letto presto e alzarsi di buon'ora □ (prov.) The early bird catches the worm, chi dorme non piglia pesci; chi tardi arriva male alloggia □ (prov.) Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise, le ore del mattino hanno l'oro in bocca. -
10 early
A adj1 ( one of the first) [attempt, role, years, play] premier/-ière ; in an early role dans un de ses premiers rôles ; the author's early novels les premiers romans de l'auteur ; the early weeks of the strike les premières semaines de la grève ; one of the earliest attempts une des premières tentatives ; early man les premiers hommes ; in an earlier life dans une vie antérieure ;2 ( sooner than usual) [death] prématuré ; [delivery, settlement] rapide ; [vegetable, fruit] précoce ; to have an early lunch/night/lecture déjeuner/se coucher/avoir cours tôt ; to catch the earlier train prendre le train d'avant ; to take an early holiday GB ou vacation US prendre des vacances tôt en saison ; to take early retirement partir en préretraite ; at the earliest possible opportunity le plus tôt possible, à la première occasion ; at your earliest convenience sout à votre convenance fml ;3 ( in period of time) in early childhood dans la petite ou première enfance ; at an early age à un très jeune âge ; to be in one's early thirties avoir entre 30 et 35 ans ; to make an early start partir tôt ; to take the early train prendre le premier train ; at the earliest au plus tôt ; the earliest I can manage is Monday je ne peux rien faire avant lundi ; at an early hour très tôt ; in the early hours au petit matin ; in the early Middle Ages/60's au début du Moyen Âge/des années 60 ; in the early spring au début du printemps ; in the early afternoon en début d'après-midi ; at an early date ( in future) très bientôt or prochainement ; the earliest days of the cinema les tout débuts du cinéma ; an earlier attempt/experience une tentative/expérience précédente ;4 Biol [gene] précoce.B adv1 ( in period of time) [leave, arrive, book, start] tôt ; [get up, go to bed] tôt, de bonne heure ; it's still early il est encore tôt ; it's too early to say il est trop tôt pour le dire ; Easter falls ou is early this year Pâques tombe tôt cette année ; can you let me know as early as possible? pouvez-vous me le dire aussitôt que possible? ; can you make it earlier? ( arranging date) pouvez-vous ○ plus tôt? ; five minutes earlier cinq minutes plus tôt ; Fred can't get there earlier than 3 pm Fred ne peut pas y être avant 15 h ; as early as 1983 dès 1983 ; early next year/in the film au début de l'année prochaine/du film ; early in the afternoon en début d'après-midi ; (very) early on dès le début ; early on in her career au début de sa carrière ; I realized early on that j'ai compris rapidement que ; as I said earlier comme je l'ai déjà dit ; ‘post GB early for Christmas’ Post envoyez vos vœux de Noël à l'avance ;2 (before expected, too soon) [arrive, leave, ripen] en avance ; I'm sorry to arrive a bit early, I'm sorry I'm a bit early je suis désolé d'arriver un peu en avance ; the postman called ou was early today le facteur est passé tôt aujourd'hui ; the strawberries are early this year les fraises sont en avance cette année ; to do sth two days/three weeks early faire qch avec deux jours/trois semaines d'avance ; to retire early partir en préretraite.early to bed early to rise tôt couché tôt levé ; it's early days yet ce n'est que le début ; it's the early bird that catches the worm! Prov l'avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt ; to be an early bird être un/-e lève-tôt ; to be a bit early in the day to say être un peu tôt pour le dire. -
11 early
'ə:li
1. adverb1) (near the beginning (of a period of time etc): early in my life; early in the afternoon.) en los inicios, al principio; pronto; temprano2) (sooner than others; sooner than usual; sooner than expected or than the appointed time: He arrived early; She came an hour early.) temprano
2. adjective1) (belonging to, or happening, near the beginning of a period of time etc: early morning; in the early part of the century.) temprano2) (belonging to the first stages of development: early musical instruments.) antiguo; los primeros; primitivo3) (happening etc sooner than usual or than expected: the baby's early arrival; It's too early to get up yet.) temprano4) (prompt: I hope for an early reply to my letter.) pronto•- early bird
early adj adv temprano / prontodo you usually get up early? ¿sueles levantarte temprano?tr['ɜːlɪ]1 (before expected) temprano,-a, pronto2 (initial) primero,-a■ what are your earliest memories? ¿cuáles son tus primeros recuerdos?1 (before expected) temprano, pronto; (soon) pronto2 (near beginning) temprano■ early in the morning a primera hora de la mañana, por la mañana temprano3 (in good time) con tiempo, con anticipación\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat the earliest como muy prontoearlier on antesit's still early days aún es prontoat your earliest convenience con la mayor brevedadthe early bird catches the worm a quien madruga Dios le ayudato have an early night acostarse prontoto make an early start salir tempranoearly bird / early riser madrugador,-raearly man el hombre nombre masculino primitivoearly retirement jubilación nombre femenino anticipadaearly warning system sistema de alerta rojathe early hours / the early morning la madrugadahe arrived early: llegó tempranoas early as possible: lo más pronto posible, cuanto antesten minutes early: diez minutos de adelantothe early stages: las primeras etapasin early May: a principios de mayoearly man: el hombre primitivoearly painting: la pintura antiguahe was early: llegó tempranoearly fruit: frutas tempranerasan early death: una muerte prematuraadj.• adelantado, -a adj.• primero, -a adj.• primitivo, -a adj.• pronto, -a adj.• tempranero, -a adj.• temprano, -a adj.adv.• al principio adv.• temprano adv.
I 'ɜːrli, 'ɜːliadjective -lier, -liest1) ( before expected time) <arrival/elections> anticipadoto be early — \<\<person\>\> llegar* temprano; \<\<baby\>\> adelantarse
the bus was early — el autobús pasó (or salió etc) antes de la hora
2)a) ( before normal time)to have an early night/lunch — acostarse*/comer temprano
early retirement — jubilación f anticipada
b) <crop/variety> temprano, tempranero3) ( far back in time)in the early hours of the morning — en las primeras horas de la mañana, de madrugada
in early June — a principios or a comienzos de junio
from an early age — desde pequeño, desde temprana edad (liter)
5) ( in near future) prontoat the earliest possible moment — lo antes or lo más pronto posible
II
adverb -lier, -liest1) ( before expected time) temprano2) ( before usual time) temprano, pronto (Esp)3) ( long ago)it was known as early as 200 BC — ya se sabía en el año 200 A.C
early in the morning/afternoon — por la mañana/tarde temprano
early in the week/year — a principios de semana/año
5) ( soon) pronto['ɜːlɪ] (compar earlier) (superl earliest)they won't be here till nine at the earliest — por temprano que lleguen no estarán aquí antes de las nueve
1. ADJ1) (=before appointed time)•
to be early — llegar temprano or prontoyou're early! — ¡llegas temprano or pronto!
I was half an hour early for the meeting — llegué a la reunión con media hora de adelanto, llegué a la reunión media hora antes de que empezase
2) (=before usual time) [death, menopause] prematuro, temprano•
to have an early lunch — almorzar temprano, comer temprano•
it was an early summer — el verano se había adelantado, el verano había llegado pronto3) (=soon) pronto•
at your earliest convenience — (Comm) con la mayor brevedad posible4) (=towards beginning)a) (of morning)•
we need two seats on an early flight — necesitamos dos plazas en un vuelo que salga por la mañana temprano or un vuelo a primera hora de la mañana•
to get up at an early hour — levantarse temprano, levantarse de madrugada•
it was early in the morning — era muy de mañana, era muy tempranob) [period, process]the early days/months/years of sth — los primeros días/meses/años de algo
in the early 60s/70s — a principios de los 60/70
she's in her early forties/seventies — tiene poco más de cuarenta/setenta años, tiene cuarenta/setenta y pocos (años)
in early January/March — a principios de enero/marzo
it's still early — (in process) es pronto todavía
from an early age — desde pequeño, desde una edad temprana frm
it flowers from early spring to early autumn — florece desde principios de la primavera a principios del otoño
•
the disease is hard to detect in its early stages — es difícil detectar la enfermedad en sus fases inicialesit's early days yet —
we may have to modify the plans, but it's early days yet — (esp Brit) quizás tengamos que modificar los planes, pero aún es pronto para saberlo
5) (=first) [man, Church] primitivo; [settlers, pioneers, Christians] primer6) (Hort) [fruit, vegetable, crop] temprano2. ADV1) (=ahead of time) [arrive, leave, get up, go to bed] temprano, prontohe arrived ten minutes early — llegó diez minutos antes de la hora, llegó con diez minutos de anticipación
- early to bed, early to risebright 2.2) (=soon) prontoas early as possible — lo más pronto posible, cuanto antes
3) (=towards beginning of sth)a) (in morning) tempranoyou get up too early — te levantas demasiado temprano, madrugas demasiado
b) (in period, process)•
early in sth, early in the afternoon — a primera hora de la tarde•
early last century — a principios del siglo pasado•
early next year — a principios del año que viene•
early on in his career — en los primeros años de su carreraearlier on — anteriormente, antes
•
early this month — a principios de (este) mes3.CPDearly bird * N — madrugador(a) m / f
early closing N — (also: early-closing day) (Brit) día en que muchas tiendas solo abren por la mañana
early riser N — madrugador(a) m / f
early warning radar system N — sistema m de radar de alerta temprana
early warning system N — sistema m de alarma temprana or precoz, sistema m de alerta temprana or precoz
pain acts as the body's early warning system — el dolor actúa como un sistema de alarma or alerta precoz
* * *
I ['ɜːrli, 'ɜːli]adjective -lier, -liest1) ( before expected time) <arrival/elections> anticipadoto be early — \<\<person\>\> llegar* temprano; \<\<baby\>\> adelantarse
the bus was early — el autobús pasó (or salió etc) antes de la hora
2)a) ( before normal time)to have an early night/lunch — acostarse*/comer temprano
early retirement — jubilación f anticipada
b) <crop/variety> temprano, tempranero3) ( far back in time)in the early hours of the morning — en las primeras horas de la mañana, de madrugada
in early June — a principios or a comienzos de junio
from an early age — desde pequeño, desde temprana edad (liter)
5) ( in near future) prontoat the earliest possible moment — lo antes or lo más pronto posible
II
adverb -lier, -liest1) ( before expected time) temprano2) ( before usual time) temprano, pronto (Esp)3) ( long ago)it was known as early as 200 BC — ya se sabía en el año 200 A.C
early in the morning/afternoon — por la mañana/tarde temprano
early in the week/year — a principios de semana/año
5) ( soon) pronto -
12 early
1. a ранний, раннеспелый, скороспелыйearly fruit — скороспелка, скороспелый сорт
2. a сравнит. ст. в предыдущий3. a начальный4. a заблаговременный, своевременный5. a близкий, ожидаемый в ближайшем будущем, скорейший6. a преждевременный, досрочный7. a старинный, древний8. a тех. происходящий ранее заданного момента времени9. a геол. нижний; древний10. adv рано11. adv в началеearly on — вначале, на раннем этапе
early next — в начале; будущий
12. adv своевременно, заблаговременно13. adv скоро, в ближайшее времяСинонимический ряд:1. ancient (adj.) ancient; antediluvian; primal; primitive2. first (adj.) beginning; first; initial3. premature (adj.) advanced; beforehand; in advance; overearly; oversoon; precocious; premature; soon; untimely4. prematurely (adj.) prematurely; too soon5. previous (adj.) former; preexistent; previous; primordial6. recent (adj.) budding; fresh; new; prime; recent7. prematurely (other) ahead of time; before; beforehand; betimes; prematurely; sooner8. seasonably (other) oversoon; precipitously; precociously; presently; promptly; punctually; seasonably; soon; timelyАнтонимический ряд:belated; final; late; modern; punctual -
13 early
1. [ʹɜ:lı] a1. 1) раннийat an early hour - рано утром, в ранний час
early delivery - первая /утренняя/ доставка ( почты)
early edition - а) утренний выпуск ( газеты); б) одно из первых изданий ( книги)
to be too early - прийти раньше назначенного /нужного/ времени
it's too early to go in, the doors don't open till 8 o'clock - ещё не пускают, двери открываются только в 8 часов
2) ранний, раннеспелый, скороспелыйearly fruit - скороспелка, скороспелый сорт
3) в сравнит. ст. предыдущий4) начальныйman's early experience [environment] - впечатления [обстановка] раннего детства
early stage - ранняя фаза, начальная стадия
early cancer - мед. начальный рак
2. заблаговременный, своевременныйearly diagnosis - ранний диагноз, раннее распознавание болезни
early sheet - полигр. пробный оттиск, пробный набор
3. близкий, ожидаемый в ближайшем будущем, скорейшийdemands for early independence - требования незамедлительного предоставления независимости
4. преждевременный, досрочный5. старинный, древнийearly manuscript - старая /древняя/ рукопись
Early English (style) - архит. раннеанглийский стиль
6. тех. происходящий ранее заданного момента времени7. геол. нижний ( о свитах); древний2. [ʹɜ:lı] adv1. раноin June, at the earliest - самое раннее в июне
he died early in life - он рано умер, он умер молодым
2. в начале (чего-л.)3. своевременно, заблаговременноto arrive early at a meeting - явиться на собрание своевременно /заблаговременно/
4. скоро, в ближайшее время♢
as early as possible - как можно скорееearly to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise - посл. ≅ кто рано ложится и рано встаёт, здоровье, богатство и ум наживёт
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14 early
adj1. ранній, початковий2. своєчасний3. близький, очікуваний в найближчому майбутньому- early elections дострокові вибори- early Middle Ages раннє середньовіччя- early warning завчасне/ своєчасне попередження- demands for early independence вимога негайного надання незалежності- in the early 19th century на початку XIX століття- prospects for and early peace надії на швидке встановлення миру -
15 middle
middle ['mɪdəl]1 noun(a) (in space) milieu m, centre m;∎ in the middle (of) au milieu (de), au centre (de);∎ a square with a dot in the middle un carré avec un point au milieu;∎ two seats in the middle of the row deux places en milieu de rangée;∎ in the middle of the crowd au milieu de la foule;∎ in the middle of London en plein Londres;∎ right in the middle of the target en plein dans le mille;∎ in the middle of the road au milieu de la route;∎ in the middle of the Atlantic au milieu de l'Atlantique, en plein Atlantique;∎ they live in the middle of nowhere ils habitent dans un coin perdu ou loin de tout, pejorative ils habitent dans un trou perdu;∎ we broke down in the middle of nowhere on est tombés en panne dans un endroit perdu;∎ familiar they split the money down the middle ils ont partagé l'argent en deux parties égales∎ in the middle of the week au milieu de la semaine;∎ in the middle of October à la mi-octobre, au milieu (du mois) d'octobre;∎ in the middle of the night en pleine nuit, en plein milieu de la nuit;∎ in the middle of winter en plein hiver∎ to be in the middle of doing sth être en train de faire qch;∎ I'm in the middle of something, can you call back? là je suis occupé mais est-ce que tu peux me rappeler plus tard?;∎ I was in the middle of the ironing j'étais en plein repassage∎ he's got rather fat around the middle il a pris du ventre(a) (in the centre) du milieu;∎ the middle book/shelf le livre/l'étagère f du milieu;∎ she was the middle child of three elle était la deuxième de trois enfants;∎ figurative the middle course or way (happy medium) le juste milieu; (compromise) la solution intermédiaire;∎ figurative to steer a middle course adopter une position intermédiaire;∎ in the middle distance à mi-distance; (in picture) au second plan;∎ to gaze into the middle distance regarder dans le vague;∎ the middle path le chemin du milieu; figurative la voie de la modération∎ British of middle height de taille moyenne;∎ this car is in the middle price range cette voiture se situe dans un ordre de prix moyen;∎ the middle ranks of the civil service/party les échelons mpl intermédiaires de la fonction publique/du parti∎ Linguistics Middle Irish/French le moyen gaélique/français►► middle age la cinquantaine;∎ a man in middle age un homme d'un certain âge;∎ to reach middle age atteindre la cinquantaine;∎ in early middle age he… quand il avait la quarantaine, il…;∎ she's well into middle age elle a plus de cinquante ans;the Middle Ages le Moyen Âge m;∎ in the Middle Ages au Moyen Âge;∎ the early/late Middle Ages le haut/bas Moyen Âge;Middle America Geography Amérique f centrale; figurative (American middle class) l'Amérique f moyenne; pejorative l'Amérique f bien pensante;1 nounAméricain(e) m,f du Middle-West; figurative Américain(e) m,f moyen(enne)Geography du Middle-West; figurative de l'américain moyen;Music middle C do m inv du milieu du clavier;Anatomy middle ear oreille f moyenne;the Middle East le Moyen-Orient;∎ in the Middle East au Moyen-Orient;Middle Eastern moyen-oriental;Middle England l'Angleterre f moyenne (aux tendances conservatrices);pejorative Middle Englander Anglais(e) m,f moyen(enne);Linguistics Middle English le moyen anglais;middle finger majeur m, médius m;∎ to give sb the middle finger salute faire un doigt d'honneur à qn;Chess middle game milieu m de partie;∎ figurative to occupy the middle ground adopter une position de compromis;Linguistics Middle High German le moyen haut-allemand;Botany middle lamella lamelle f moyenne;middle management (UNCOUNT) cadres mpl moyens;middle manager cadre m moyen;middle name deuxième prénom m;∎ honesty is her middle name c'est l'honnêteté même;∎ laziness is his middle name c'est un incorrigible paresseux;∎ generosity isn't exactly his middle name! on ne peut pas dire qu'il soit particulièrement généreux;Stock Exchange middle price cours m moyen;middle school British = école pour enfants de 8 ou 9 à 13 ans; American = école pour enfants de 10 à 13 ans, ≃ collège m;British Law Middle Temple = association d'étudiants en droit et d'avocats, ainsi que les bâtiments londoniens où elle siège;Philosophy middle term moyen terme m (d'un syllogisme); -
16 early
ˈə:lɪ
1. прил.
1) а) ранний (в начале дня, недели, года, возраста и т. п.) in the 1970s and the early 1980s ≈ в 70-х и начале 80-х годов a few weeks in early summer ≈ несколько недель в начале лета He was in her early teens. ≈ Он был в раннем юношеском возрасте. the early hours of Saturday morning ≈ ранние часы в субботу утром early bird ≈ ранняя пташка early days ≈ юность Ant: late б) начальный, ранний ( о деятельности, развитии и т. п.) Fassbinder's early films ≈ ранние фильмы Фасбиндера the early days of the occupation ≈ первые дни оккупации The man who is to be good at anything must have early training. ≈ Человек, который в любом деле хочет добиться успеха, должен начинать обучение с ранних лет. в) предыдущий the book's early chapters ≈ предыдущие главы книги
2) преждевременный;
с.-х. скороспелый an early peach ≈ ранний, скороспелый персик her husband's early death ≈ преждевременная смерть ее мужа I'm always early. ≈ Я всегда прихожу раньше.
3) заблаговременный;
своевременный Syn: preliminary, timely
4) близкий, ближайший at an early date ≈ в ближайшем будущем at your earliest convenience ≈ самое раннее, когда вам будет удобно
5) старинный two large and finely painted early dishes ≈ два больших прекрасно расписанных старинных блюда Syn: ancient
1.
6) геол. нижний( о свитах) ;
древний
2. нареч.
1) рано, в начале early in the year ≈ в начале года early in the day ≈ рано утром;
перен. заблаговременно I knew I had to get up early. ≈ Я знал, что мне придется рано вставать. We'll hope to see you some time early next week. ≈ Мы надеемся увидеть вас в начале следующей недели. an incident which occurred much earlier in the game ≈ инцидент, который произошел в игре гораздо раньше early in life ≈ в молодости
2) заблаговременно, своевременно She arrived early to secure a place at the front. ≈ Она приехала заранее, чтобы занять место впереди. Syn: beforehand, in time
3) преждевременно, досрочно This early flowering gladioulus is not very hardy. ≈ Этот досрочно распустившийся гладиолус не очень морозоустойчив.
4) скоро, в ближайшее время ∙ early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise посл. ≈ кто рано ложится и рано встает, здоровье, богатство и ум наживет ранний - * morning раннее утро - in * spring ранней весной - * breakfast ранний завтрак - at an * hour рано утром, в ранний час - he is an * riser он рано встает - * delivery первая /утренняя/ доставка( почты) - * edition утренний выпуск( газеты) ;
одно из первых изданий (книги) - to be too * прийти раньше назначенного /нужного/ времени - it's too * to go in, the doors don't open till 8 o'clock еще не пускают, двери открываются только в 8 часов - to keep * hours рано ложиться и рано вставать ранний, раннеспелый, скороспелый - * fruit скороспелка, скороспелый сорт - * tomatoes ранние помидоры в сравнит. ст. предыдущий - earlier studies ранее проведенные исследования - in the earlier chapters в предыдущих главах начальный - the * Middle Ages раннее средневековье - in the * 20th century в начале XX века - in the * forties в начале сороковых годов - a man in his * forties человек сорока лет с небольшим - man's experience впечатления раннего детства - in the earliest days of our history на заре нашей истории - * Rembrandt ранний Рембрандт - * stage ранняя фаза, начальная стадия - * cancer (медицина) начальный рак заблаговременный, своевременный - * warning заблаговременное предупреждение - * diagnosis ранний диагноз, раннее распознавание болезни - * sheet (полиграфия) пробный оттиск, пробный набор близкий, ожидаемый в ближайшем будущем, скорейший - at an * date в ближайшее время - at the earliest opportunity при первой возможности - at your earliest convenience как только вы сможете - prospects of an * peace надежды на скорое установление мира - demands for * independence требования незамедлительного предоставления независимости преждевременный, досрочный - * election досрочные выборы - * closing закрытие магазинов и учреждений раньше обычного (в один из дней недели) - * death безвременная смерть старинный, древний - * manuscript старая /древняя/ рукопись - * philosophers древние философы - * printed book старопечатная книга - E. English (style) (архитектура) раннеанглийский стиль( техническое) происходящий ранее заданного момента времени - * timing опережение зажигания( двигателя) (геология) нижний (о свитах) ;
древний рано - to be up * рано вставать - to wed * рано вступать в брак - in June, at the earliest самое раннее в июне - he died * in life он рано умер, он умер молодым в начале (чего-л.) - * (in) this year в начале этого года - * next month в начале будущего месяца своевременно, заблаговременно - to arrive * at a meeting явиться на собрание своевременно /заблаговременно/ скоро, в ближайшее время > as * as possible как можно скорее > * to bed and * to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise (пословица) кто рано ложится и рано встает, здоровье, богатство и ум наживет ~ ранний;
the early bird шутл. ранняя пташка;
at an early date в ближайшем будущем;
it is early days yet еще слишком рано, время не настало;
one's early days юность early близкий, скорый( о сроке) ;
early post-war years первые послевоенные годы ~ досрочный ~ заблаговременно;
своевременно ~ заблаговременный;
своевременный;
early diagnosis раннее распознавание болезни ~ заблаговременный ~ геол. нижний (о свитах) ;
древний ~ преждевременно;
early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise посл. кто рано ложится и рано встает, здоровье, богатство и ум наживет ~ преждевременный;
с.-х. скороспелый ~ преждевременный ~ ранний;
the early bird шутл. ранняя пташка;
at an early date в ближайшем будущем;
it is early days yet еще слишком рано, время не настало;
one's early days юность ~ ранний ~ рано;
early in the year в начале года;
early in life в молодости;
early in the day рано утром;
перен. заблаговременно ~ ранний;
the early bird шутл. ранняя пташка;
at an early date в ближайшем будущем;
it is early days yet еще слишком рано, время не настало;
one's early days юность ~ заблаговременный;
своевременный;
early diagnosis раннее распознавание болезни ~ рано;
early in the year в начале года;
early in life в молодости;
early in the day рано утром;
перен. заблаговременно ~ рано;
early in the year в начале года;
early in life в молодости;
early in the day рано утром;
перен. заблаговременно early близкий, скорый (о сроке) ;
early post-war years первые послевоенные годы ~ преждевременно;
early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise посл. кто рано ложится и рано встает, здоровье, богатство и ум наживет ~ ранний;
the early bird шутл. ранняя пташка;
at an early date в ближайшем будущем;
it is early days yet еще слишком рано, время не настало;
one's early days юность ~ преждевременно;
early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise посл. кто рано ложится и рано встает, здоровье, богатство и ум наживет -
17 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. c. 23 AD Como, Italyd. 25 August 79 AD near Pompeii, Italy[br]Roman encyclopedic writer on the natural world.[br]Pliny was well educated in Rome, and for ten years or so followed a military career with which he was able to combine literary work, writing especially on historical subjects. He completed his duties c. 57 AD and concentrated on writing until he resumed his official career in 69 AD with administrative duties. During this last phase he began work on his only extant work, the thirty-seven "books" of his Historia Naturalis (Natural History), each dealing with a broad subject such as astronomy, geography, mineralogy, etc. His last post was the command of the fleet based at Misenum, which came to an end when he sailed too near Vesuvius during the eruption that engulfed Pompeii and he was overcome by the fumes.Pliny developed an insatiable curiosity about the natural world. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans made few original contributions to scientific thought and observation, but some made careful compilations of the learning and observations of Greek scholars. The most notable and influential of these was the Historia Naturalis. To the ideas about the natural world gleaned from earlier Greek authors, he added information about natural history, mineral resources, crafts and some technological processes, such as the extraction of metals from their ores, reported to him from the corners of the Empire. He added a few observations of his own, noted during travels on his official duties. Not all the reports were reliable, and the work often presents a tangled web of fact and fable. Gibbon described it as an immense register in which the author has "deposited the discoveries, the arts, and the errors of mankind". Pliny was indefatigable in his relentless note-taking, even dictating to his secretary while dining.During the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages in Western Europe, Pliny's Historia Naturalis was the largest known collection of facts about the natural world and was drawn upon freely by a succession of later writers. Its influence survived the influx into Western Europe, from the twelfth century, of translations of the works of Greek and Arab scholars. After the invention of printing in the middle of the fifteenth century, Pliny was the first work on a scientific subject to be printed, in 1469. Many editions followed and it may still be consulted with profit for its insights into technical knowledge and practice in the ancient world.[br]BibliographyThe standard Latin text with English translation is that edited by H.Rackham et al.(1942– 63, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann, 10 vols). The French version is by A.Further ReadingThe editions mentioned above include useful biographical and other details. For special aspects of Pliny, see K.C.Bailey, 1929–32, The Elder Pliny's Chapters on Chemical Subjects, London, 2 vols.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)
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18 haut Moyen Âge
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19 l'Alto Medioevo
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20 Alta Edad Media, la
= Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, theEx. The Vatican Archives represent one of the principal sources for the history of the papacy from the Early Middle Ages to the present.Ex. The author endeavors to explore the religious aspirations or religious consciousness of the laity in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages.Ex. Observations of how this process has changed are divided into three historical periods: the Dark Ages, the Renaissance, and the Modern Era.
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