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  • 101 Huygens, Christiaan

    SUBJECT AREA: Horology
    [br]
    b. 14 April 1629 The Hague, the Netherlands
    d. 8 June 1695 The Hague, the Netherlands
    [br]
    Dutch scientist who was responsible for two of the greatest advances in horology: the successful application of both the pendulum to the clock and the balance spring to the watch.
    [br]
    Huygens was born into a cultured and privileged class. His father, Constantijn, was a poet and statesman who had wide interests. Constantijn exerted a strong influence on his son, who was educated at home until he reached the age of 16. Christiaan studied law and mathematics at Ley den University from 1645 to 1647, and continued his studies at the Collegium Arausiacum in Breda until 1649. He then lived at The Hague, where he had the means to devote his time entirely to study. In 1666 he became a Member of the Académie des Sciences in Paris and settled there until his return to The Hague in 1681. He also had a close relationship with the Royal Society and visited London on three occasions, meeting Newton on his last visit in 1689. Huygens had a wide range of interests and made significant contributions in mathematics, astronomy, optics and mechanics. He also made technical advances in optical instruments and horology.
    Despite the efforts of Burgi there had been no significant improvement in the performance of ordinary clocks and watches from their inception to Huygens's time, as they were controlled by foliots or balances which had no natural period of oscillation. The pendulum appeared to offer a means of improvement as it had a natural period of oscillation that was almost independent of amplitude. Galileo Galilei had already pioneered the use of a freely suspended pendulum for timing events, but it was by no means obvious how it could be kept swinging and used to control a clock. Towards the end of his life Galileo described such a. mechanism to his son Vincenzio, who constructed a model after his father's death, although it was not completed when he himself died in 1642. This model appears to have been copied in Italy, but it had little influence on horology, partly because of the circumstances in which it was produced and possibly also because it differed radically from clocks of that period. The crucial event occurred on Christmas Day 1656 when Huygens, quite independently, succeeded in adapting an existing spring-driven table clock so that it was not only controlled by a pendulum but also kept it swinging. In the following year he was granted a privilege or patent for this clock, and several were made by the clockmaker Salomon Coster of The Hague. The use of the pendulum produced a dramatic improvement in timekeeping, reducing the daily error from minutes to seconds, but Huygens was aware that the pendulum was not truly isochronous. This error was magnified by the use of the existing verge escapement, which made the pendulum swing through a large arc. He overcame this defect very elegantly by fitting cheeks at the pendulum suspension point, progressively reducing the effective length of the pendulum as the amplitude increased. Initially the cheeks were shaped empirically, but he was later able to show that they should have a cycloidal shape. The cheeks were not adopted universally because they introduced other defects, and the problem was eventually solved more prosaically by way of new escapements which reduced the swing of the pendulum. Huygens's clocks had another innovatory feature: maintaining power, which kept the clock going while it was being wound.
    Pendulums could not be used for portable timepieces, which continued to use balances despite their deficiencies. Robert Hooke was probably the first to apply a spring to the balance, but his efforts were not successful. From his work on the pendulum Huygens was well aware of the conditions necessary for isochronism in a vibrating system, and in January 1675, with a flash of inspiration, he realized that this could be achieved by controlling the oscillations of the balance with a spiral spring, an arrangement that is still used in mechanical watches. The first model was made for Huygens in Paris by the clockmaker Isaac Thuret, who attempted to appropriate the invention and patent it himself. Huygens had for many years been trying unsuccessfully to adapt the pendulum clock for use at sea (in order to determine longitude), and he hoped that a balance-spring timekeeper might be better suited for this purpose. However, he was disillusioned as its timekeeping proved to be much more susceptible to changes in temperature than that of the pendulum clock.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1663. Member of the Académie Royale des Sciences 1666.
    Bibliography
    For his complete works, see Oeuvres complètes de Christian Huygens, 1888–1950, 22 vols, The Hague.
    1658, Horologium, The Hague; repub., 1970, trans. E.L.Edwardes, Antiquarian
    Horology 7:35–55 (describes the pendulum clock).
    1673, Horologium Oscillatorium, Paris; repub., 1986, The Pendulum Clock or Demonstrations Concerning the Motion ofPendula as Applied to Clocks, trans.
    R.J.Blackwell, Ames.
    Further Reading
    H.J.M.Bos, 1972, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, ed. C.C.Gillispie, Vol. 6, New York, pp. 597–613 (for a fuller account of his life and scientific work, but note the incorrect date of his death).
    R.Plomp, 1979, Spring-Driven Dutch Pendulum Clocks, 1657–1710, Schiedam (describes Huygens's application of the pendulum to the clock).
    S.A.Bedini, 1991, The Pulse of Time, Florence (describes Galileo's contribution of the pendulum to the clock).
    J.H.Leopold, 1982, "L"Invention par Christiaan Huygens du ressort spiral réglant pour les montres', Huygens et la France, Paris, pp. 154–7 (describes the application of the balance spring to the watch).
    A.R.Hall, 1978, "Horology and criticism", Studia Copernica 16:261–81 (discusses Hooke's contribution).
    DV

    Biographical history of technology > Huygens, Christiaan

  • 102 Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 1 January 1815 Calverly Hall, Bradford, England
    d. 2 February 1906 Swinton Park, near Bradford, England
    [br]
    English inventor of successful wool-combing and waste-silk spinning machines.
    [br]
    Lister was descended from one of the old Yorkshire families, the Cunliffe Listers of Manningham, and was the fourth son of his father Ellis. After attending a school on Clapham Common, Lister would not go to university; his family hoped he would enter the Church, but instead he started work with the Liverpool merchants Sands, Turner \& Co., who frequently sent him to America. In 1837 his father built for him and his brother a worsted mill at Manningham, where Samuel invented a swivel shuttle and a machine for making fringes on shawls. It was here that he first became aware of the unhealthy occupation of combing wool by hand. Four years later, after seeing the machine that G.E. Donisthorpe was trying to work out, he turned his attention to mechanizing wool-combing. Lister took Donisthorpe into partnership after paying him £12,000 for his patent, and developed the Lister-Cartwright "square nip" comber. Until this time, combing machines were little different from Cartwright's original, but Lister was able to improve on this with continuous operation and by 1843 was combing the first fine botany wool that had ever been combed by machinery. In the following year he received an order for fifty machines to comb all qualities of wool. Further combing patents were taken out with Donisthorpe in 1849, 1850, 1851 and 1852, the last two being in Lister's name only. One of the important features of these patents was the provision of a gripping device or "nip" which held the wool fibres at one end while the rest of the tuft was being combed. Lister was soon running nine combing mills. In the 1850s Lister had become involved in disputes with others who held combing patents, such as his associate Isaac Holden and the Frenchman Josué Heilmann. Lister bought up the Heilmann machine patents and afterwards other types until he obtained a complete monopoly of combing machines before the patents expired. His invention stimulated demand for wool by cheapening the product and gave a vital boost to the Australian wool trade. By 1856 he was at the head of a wool-combing business such as had never been seen before, with mills at Manningham, Bradford, Halifax, Keighley and other places in the West Riding, as well as abroad.
    His inventive genius also extended to other fields. In 1848 he patented automatic compressed air brakes for railways, and in 1853 alone he took out twelve patents for various textile machines. He then tried to spin waste silk and made a second commercial career, turning what was called "chassum" and hitherto regarded as refuse into beautiful velvets, silks, plush and other fine materials. Waste silk consisted of cocoon remnants from the reeling process, damaged cocoons and fibres rejected from other processes. There was also wild silk obtained from uncultivated worms. This is what Lister saw in a London warehouse as a mass of knotty, dirty, impure stuff, full of bits of stick and dead mulberry leaves, which he bought for a halfpenny a pound. He spent ten years trying to solve the problems, but after a loss of £250,000 and desertion by his partner his machine caught on in 1865 and brought Lister another fortune. Having failed to comb this waste silk, Lister turned his attention to the idea of "dressing" it and separating the qualities automatically. He patented a machine in 1877 that gave a graduated combing. To weave his new silk, he imported from Spain to Bradford, together with its inventor Jose Reixach, a velvet loom that was still giving trouble. It wove two fabrics face to face, but the problem lay in separating the layers so that the pile remained regular in length. Eventually Lister was inspired by watching a scissors grinder in the street to use small emery wheels to sharpen the cutters that divided the layers of fabric. Lister took out several patents for this loom in his own name in 1868 and 1869, while in 1871 he took out one jointly with Reixach. It is said that he spent £29,000 over an eleven-year period on this loom, but this was more than recouped from the sale of reasonably priced high-quality velvets and plushes once success was achieved. Manningham mills were greatly enlarged to accommodate this new manufacture.
    In later years Lister had an annual profit from his mills of £250,000, much of which was presented to Bradford city in gifts such as Lister Park, the original home of the Listers. He was connected with the Bradford Chamber of Commerce for many years and held the position of President of the Fair Trade League for some time. In 1887 he became High Sheriff of Yorkshire, and in 1891 he was made 1st Baron Masham. He was also Deputy Lieutenant in North and West Riding.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Created 1st Baron Masham 1891.
    Bibliography
    1849, with G.E.Donisthorpe, British patent no. 12,712. 1850, with G.E. Donisthorpe, British patent no. 13,009. 1851, British patent no. 13,532.
    1852, British patent no. 14,135.
    1877, British patent no. 3,600 (combing machine). 1868, British patent no. 470.
    1868, British patent no. 2,386.
    1868, British patent no. 2,429.
    1868, British patent no. 3,669.
    1868, British patent no. 1,549.
    1871, with J.Reixach, British patent no. 1,117. 1905, Lord Masham's Inventions (autobiography).
    Further Reading
    J.Hogg (ed.), c. 1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (biography).
    W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; and C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (both cover the technical details of Lister's invention).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Lister, Samuel Cunliffe, 1st Baron Masham

  • 103 Paul, Lewis

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    d. April 1759 Brook Green, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of hand carding machines and partner with Wyatt in early spinning machines.
    [br]
    Lewis Paul, apparently of French Huguenot extraction, was quite young when his father died. His father was Physician to Lord Shaftsbury, who acted as Lewis Paul's guardian. In 1728 Paul made a runaway match with a widow and apparently came into her property when she died a year later. He must have subsequently remarried. In 1732 he invented a pinking machine for making the edges of shrouds out of which he derived some profit.
    Why Paul went to Birmingham is unknown, but he helped finance some of Wyatt's earlier inventions. Judging by the later patents taken out by Paul, it is probable that he was the one interested in spinning, turning to Wyatt for help in the construction of his spinning machine because he had no mechanical skills. The two men may have been involved in this as early as 1733, although it is more likely that they began this work in 1735. Wyatt went to London to construct a model and in 1736 helped to apply for a patent, which was granted in 1738 in the name of Paul. The patent shows that Paul and Wyatt had a number of different ways of spinning in mind, but contains no drawings of the machines. In one part there is a description of sets of rollers to draw the cotton out more finely that could have been similar to those later used by Richard Arkwright. However, it would seem that Paul and Wyatt followed the other main method described, which might be called spindle drafting, where the fibres are drawn out between the nip of a pair of rollers and the tip of the spindle; this method is unsatisfactory for continuous spinning and results in an uneven yarn.
    The spinning venture was supported by Thomas Warren, a well-known Birmingham printer, Edward Cave of Gentleman's Magazine, Dr Robert James of fever-powder celebrity, Mrs Desmoulins, and others. Dr Samuel Johnson also took much interest. In 1741 a mill powered by two asses was equipped at the Upper Priory, Birmingham, with, machinery for spinning cotton being constructed by Wyatt. Licences for using the invention were sold to other people including Edward Cave, who established a mill at Northampton, so the enterprise seemed to have great promise. A spinning machine must be supplied with fibres suitably prepared, so carding machines had to be developed. Work was in hand on one in 1740 and in 1748 Paul took out another patent for two types of carding device, possibly prompted by the patent taken out by Daniel Bourn. Both of Paul's devices were worked by hand and the carded fibres were laid onto a strip of paper. The paper and fibres were then rolled up and placed in the spinning machine. In 1757 John Dyer wrote a poem entitled The Fleece, which describes a circular spinning machine of the type depicted in a patent taken out by Paul in 1758. Drawings in this patent show that this method of spinning was different from Arkwright's. Paul endeavoured to have the machine introduced into the Foundling Hospital, but his death in early 1759 stopped all further development. He was buried at Paddington on 30 April that year.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1738, British patent no. 562 (spinning machine). 1748, British patent no. 636 (carding machine).
    1758, British patent no. 724 (circular spinning machine).
    Further Reading
    G.J.French, 1859, The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, London, App. This should be read in conjunction with R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester, which shows that the roller drafting system on Paul's later spinning machine worked on the wrong principles.
    A.P.Wadsworth and J.de L.Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, 1600–1780, Manchester (provides good coverage of the partnership of Paul and Wyatt and the early mills).
    E.Baines, 1835, History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain, London (this publication must be mentioned, but is now out of date).
    A.Seymour-Jones, 1921, "The invention of roller drawing in cotton spinning", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 1 (a more modern account).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Paul, Lewis

  • 104 like

    [̈ɪlaɪk]
    like нечто подобное, равное, одинаковое; and the like и тому подобное; did you ever hear the like? слышали ли вы что-л. подобное? like возможно, вероятно; like enough, as like as not очень возможно; very like весьма вероятно like нечто подобное, равное, одинаковое; and the like и тому подобное; did you ever hear the like? слышали ли вы что-л. подобное? do as you like делайте, как вам угодно; I should (или would) like я хотел бы, мне хотелось бы then: like употр. для усиления значения при выражении согласия: all right then, do as you like ну ладно, поступайте, как хотите like, like anything, like mad разг. стремительно; изо всех сил; сильно, чрезвычайно, ужасно; do not talk like that не говорите так like хотеть (в отриц. предложениях); I don't like to disturb you я не хочу вас беспокоить like разг. так сказать, как бы; I had like to have fallen я чуть не упал like нравиться, любить; I like that! вот это мне нравится! (шутливое выражение несогласия); to like dancing любить танцевать do as you like делайте, как вам угодно; I should (или would) like я хотел бы, мне хотелось бы like похожий, подобный; like question подобный вопрос; in a like manner подобным образом it costs something like 50 стоит около 50 фунтов стерлингов it's just like you to do that это очень похоже на вас; это как раз то, чего от вас можно ожидать like возможно, вероятно; like enough, as like as not очень возможно; very like весьма вероятно like разг. возможный; вероятный; they are like to meet again они, вероятно, еще встретятся; nothing like ничего похожего; there is nothing like home нет места лучше, чем дом like нечто подобное, равное, одинаковое; and the like и тому подобное; did you ever hear the like? слышали ли вы что-л. подобное? like нравиться, любить; I like that! вот это мне нравится! (шутливое выражение несогласия); to like dancing любить танцевать like одинаковый, равный; like sum равная сумма; like dispositions одинаковые характеры like подобно, так; like so вот так, таким образом like похожий, подобный; like question подобный вопрос; in a like manner подобным образом like pl склонности, влечения; likes and dislikes пристрастия и предубеждения; симпатии и антипатии like, like anything, like mad разг. стремительно; изо всех сил; сильно, чрезвычайно, ужасно; do not talk like that не говорите так like разг. так сказать, как бы; I had like to have fallen я чуть не упал like хотеть (в отриц. предложениях); I don't like to disturb you я не хочу вас беспокоить like cures like = клин клином вышибать; чем ушибся, тем и лечись like нравиться, любить; I like that! вот это мне нравится! (шутливое выражение несогласия); to like dancing любить танцевать like одинаковый, равный; like sum равная сумма; like dispositions одинаковые характеры like возможно, вероятно; like enough, as like as not очень возможно; very like весьма вероятно like father like son, like master like man = яблоко от яблони недалеко падает like, like anything, like mad разг. стремительно; изо всех сил; сильно, чрезвычайно, ужасно; do not talk like that не говорите так mad: like буйно веселый; we had a mad time мы очень веселились; like mad как безумный like father like son, like master like man = яблоко от яблони недалеко падает like nothing on earth ни на что не похожий, странный like похожий, подобный; like question подобный вопрос; in a like manner подобным образом like подобно, так; like so вот так, таким образом like одинаковый, равный; like sum равная сумма; like dispositions одинаковые характеры like pl склонности, влечения; likes and dislikes пристрастия и предубеждения; симпатии и антипатии the likes of us (them, etc.) разг. такие люди, как мы (они и т. п.) look like быть похожим look: to like like выглядеть как, походить на, быть похожим на; it looks like rain(-ing) похоже, что будет дождь like разг. возможный; вероятный; they are like to meet again они, вероятно, еще встретятся; nothing like ничего похожего; there is nothing like home нет места лучше, чем дом to run like mad бежать очень быстро, как угорелый she likes him but does not love him он ей нравится, но она его не любит that's something like как раз то, что нужно; вот это прекрасно!; something like a dinner! разг. замечательный обед!, = вот это обед так обед! that's something like как раз то, что нужно; вот это прекрасно!; something like a dinner! разг. замечательный обед!, = вот это обед так обед! like разг. возможный; вероятный; they are like to meet again они, вероятно, еще встретятся; nothing like ничего похожего; there is nothing like home нет места лучше, чем дом like разг. возможный; вероятный; they are like to meet again они, вероятно, еще встретятся; nothing like ничего похожего; there is nothing like home нет места лучше, чем дом like возможно, вероятно; like enough, as like as not очень возможно; very like весьма вероятно we shall not look upon his like again такого человека, как он, нам не видать больше what is he like? что он собой представляет?, что он за человек?

    English-Russian short dictionary > like

  • 105 descend

    dɪˈsend гл.
    1) а) спускаться, сходить;
    опускать, вести вниз From the heights of the mountain immense avalanches often descend. ≈ С горных вершин часто сходят ужасные лавины. The shades of evening began to descend. ≈ Смеркалось. As steps that descend us towards our graves. ≈ Как ступени, что ведут нас вниз, в могилу To find the space descended by a body in 7 seconds. ≈ Определить расстояние, пройденное телом при движении вниз за 7 секунд. б) опускаться, снижаться в) астр. клониться к горизонту г) иметь нисходящую часть, спускаться ( о географическом объекте) With a gateway at each extremity, as the hill descends. ≈ Ворота были на конце каждого отрога холма. To your right the fields descend from your feet to the Chesil Beach. ≈ Справа от вас поля спускаются к Чезил Бич. д) муз. снижать тон ∙ Syn: decline, drop, fall, sink, stoop Ant: climb, increase, lift, soar, ascend
    2) передаваться в рамках непрерывной последовательности носителей а) происходить, вести род Although Theodatus descended from a race of heroes. ≈ Хотя Теодат и происходил из рода героев. We are descended of ancient families. ≈ Наш род древний. б) передаваться по наследству, переходить;
    традироваться The defendant pleaded that the said property descended. ≈ Ответчик утверждал, что указанная собственность была передана по наследству. Our principles may come from our fathers;
    our prejudices certainly descend from the female branch. ≈ Принципы достаются нам от наших отцов, а предрассудки, несомненно, от матерей. Syn: bring down
    10), carry down, come down
    4), hand down
    3), hand on
    2), pass down
    3), pass on
    6)
    3) пасть, опуститься, унизиться до чего-л. If a prisoner is badly treated he may descend to violence. ≈ Если с заключенным плохо обращаются, он может дойти до насилия. I'm surprised that you would descend to lying. ≈ Я удивлен, что вы опустились до откровенной лжи.
    4) обрушиться;
    заглянуть, налететь, нагрянуть (обычно о незваных гостях) Thieves descended on the travellers while they slept. ≈ Грабители напали на путешественников, пока те спали. Syn: attack
    5) переходить (в рассуждении от пункта к пункту) But let us descend to particulars. ≈ Перейдем к частностям. спускаться, сходить - to * from the mountains спуститься с гор - the sun *ed over the hill солнце скрылось за горой - sleep *ed upon his eyes сон смежил его веки - a feeling of sadness *ed upon him его охватило чувство грусти спускаться, идти вниз (по чему-л.) - to * a hill спуститься с горы снижаться( о самолете и т. п.) - to: in a field опуститься на поле( о воздушном шаре и т. п.) опускаться, понижаться (о местности) - the road *s дорога идет /уходит/ под гору понижаться (о тоне, звуке) происходить - he is *ed /редк. he *s/ from an ancient family он происходит из старинного рода переходить, передаваться по наследству - to * from father to son переходить от отца к сыну переходить (от общего к частному, от прошлого к настоящему и т. п.) - to * to details /particulars/ переходить к деталям /подробностям/ прибегать, обращаться к( недостойным средствам) ;
    не гнушаться - to * to falsehood не брезговать ложью, не гнушаться лжи - to * to smb.'s level опуститься до чьего-л. уровня - to * to doing smth. уронить себя каким-л. поступком обрушиваться, налетать, нападать - to * upon the enemy обрушиться на врага неожиданно навещать, приезжать без предупреждения;
    бывать наездами - to * upon one's friends нагрянуть к своим друзьям (астрономия) склоняться к горизонту;
    двигаться к югу descend идти вниз ~ обрушиться;
    налететь, нагрянуть (upon) ~ опускаться, снижаться ~ падать ~ пасть;
    опуститься (морально) ;
    унизиться ~ передаваться по наследству, переходить (from) ;
    to descend from father to son переходить от отца к сыну ~ передаваться по наследству ~ переходить (от прошлого к настоящему, от общего к частному и т. п.) ~ переходить по наследству ~ понижаться ~ происходить;
    to descend from a peasant family происходить из крестьянской семьи ~ астр. склоняться к горизонту ~ спускаться, сходить;
    to descend a hill спуститься с холма ~ спускаться ~ убывать ~ уменьшаться ~ уменьшиться ~ спускаться, сходить;
    to descend a hill спуститься с холма ~ происходить;
    to descend from a peasant family происходить из крестьянской семьи ~ передаваться по наследству, переходить (from) ;
    to descend from father to son переходить от отца к сыну

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > descend

  • 106 hold

    I [həʋld] n мор.
    трюм

    after [forward, main] hold - кормовой [носовой, главный] трюм

    II
    1. [həʋld] n
    1. удерживание; захват; хватка

    to have hold of smth. - держать что-л.; держаться за что-л.

    to take /to get, to catch, to seize, to grip, to lay/ hold of smth. - а) брать; хватать; хвататься за что-л.; catch hold of this rope! - хватайся за эту верёвку!; б) добывать; завладевать чем-л.

    where did you get hold of that book? - где ты достал эту книгу?

    to get hold of a secret - узнать тайну, овладеть тайной

    to keep hold of /on/ smth. - не выпускать чего-л. из рук

    to let go /to leave, to lose, to release/ one's hold of /on/ smth. - выпустить что-л. из рук

    to lose one's hold on reality - оторваться от жизни; потерять чувство реальности

    2. ( часто on, over, upon) власть; влияние

    to get hold of smb. - приобрести власть над кем-л.

    after a moment of panic he got hold of himself - после минутной растерянности он овладел собой

    he has a great hold over his young brother - он имеет огромное влияние на своего младшего брата

    the law has no hold on him - по закону с ним ничего нельзя сделать; закону он не подвластен

    to keep a tight hold upon oneself - крепко держать себя в руках, владеть собой; не давать себе распускаться

    3. то, за что можно ухватиться; опора; захват, ушко

    the rock gives no hold for hand or foot - на скале не за что ухватиться и некуда поставить ногу

    4. хранилище, вместилище
    5. арх. тюрьма, место заключения; тюремная камера
    6. 1) убежище, укрытие, приют
    2) логово, берлога
    7. заказ, требование
    8. арх. арест; заключение в тюрьму
    9. арх. крепость
    10. спорт.
    1) захват ( борьба)
    2) держание мяча
    11. кино жарг. «холд», удавшаяся часть съёмки, произведённой в течение съёмочного дня
    12. муз. фермата
    13. спец. фиксация
    14. 1) ав. задержка ( вылета)

    there will be a hold on all takeoffs until the fog has dispersed - все вылеты отменяются (до тех пор), пока не рассеется туман

    2) косм. задержка при предпусковой подготовке

    scheduled [unscheduled] hold - плановая [внеплановая /непредвиденная/] задержка в операциях по предпусковой подготовке

    ♢ to keep a good hold of the land - мор. держаться близ берега

    to get hold of the land - мор. привязываться к берегу; опознавать берега

    2. [həʋld] v (held; held, уст. holden)
    I
    1. держать

    to hold a pen [a brush, a spade] - держать перо [кисть, лопату]

    to hold smb. in one's arms - а) обнимать, держать кого-л. в своих объятиях; б) держать кого-л. на руках

    to hold fast to smth. - крепко держаться за что-л., вцепиться во что-л. [ср. тж. 4 и ♢ ]

    the wounded man was holding fast to the railings - раненый крепко держался за ограду

    only the goalkeeper may hold the ball in soccer - в футболе только вратарь может брать мяч в руки /касаться мяча руками/

    to hold a threat of disclosure over smb.'s head - держать кого-л. под угрозой разоблачения

    2. удерживать, сдерживать; задерживать; останавливать

    the driver could scarcely hold the horses - возница с трудом сдерживал лошадей

    to hold smb. from a rash venture - удержать кого-л. от необдуманного поступка

    to hold one's breath - затаить /сдерживать/ дыхание, не дышать

    to hold fire - воен. не открывать огонь; воздерживаться от ведения огня

    will they hold (up) the bus till we get there? - они задержат автобус до нашего прихода?

    there's no holding him - его невозможно удержать /остановить/; он не знает удержу

    3. владеть, иметь; быть владельцем, держателем

    the grandson now holds the estate and the title - теперь имение и титул перешли к внуку, теперь внук является владельцем имения и носителем титула

    4. удерживать; сохранять контроль (над чем-л.)

    to hold a fort [position] against the enemy - удерживать форт [позицию] от наступающего противника [см. тж. ♢ ]

    to hold the record - спорт. держать рекорд

    to hold (the) pace - спорт. держать скорость шага

    to hold fast - воен. стойко держаться [ср. тж. 1 и ♢ ]

    5. вмещать, содержать в себе

    will this suit-case hold all your clothes? - поместится ли вся твоя одежда в этот чемодан?

    the evening held a lot of surprises for us all - вечер был полон неожиданностей для всех нас

    sea-water holds many salts in solution - в морской воде содержится много солей в растворённом виде

    6. держать, хранить (что-л. где-л.)

    my money is held at the bank - мои деньги хранятся в банке; я держу свои деньги в банке

    7. 1) полагать, считать, находить

    I hold it good - я считаю, что это хорошо

    I hold him to be wrong [responsible for it] - я считаю, что он не прав [что он за это отвечает]

    to hold in esteem /in respect/ - уважать, относиться с почтением

    to be held in esteem /in respect/ - пользоваться уважением

    to hold in abhorrence - гнушаться; питать отвращение, омерзение

    to hold a thing to be impossible - считать что-л. невозможным

    we hold these truths to be self-evident - мы почитаем само собой разумеющимися следующие истины

    to be held worthy of smth. - считаться достойным чего-л.

    2) юр. признавать, решать; выносить (судебное) решение

    the court held that... - суд признал /решил, нашёл/, что...

    8. содержать под стражей; держать в тюрьме

    he was held on a charge of theft - он был задержан по обвинению в воровстве

    to hold prisoner [hostage] - держать в плену [заложником]

    to hold captive - а) держать в плену; б) привязывать (аэростат и т. п.)

    9. (of, from) уст. зависеть (от кого-л.); быть обязанным (кому-л. - правом, титулом)
    10. уст. подвергаться (чему-л.); терпеть, выносить (что-л.)
    11. уст. обязывать; вынуждать
    II А
    1. 1) выдерживать (тяжесть, напряжение)

    will the rope [the ice] hold? - выдержит ли верёвка [лёд]?

    this wall won't hold a hook bearing a heavy picture - на эту стену нельзя вешать тяжёлую картину на крюке

    2) поддерживать, держать; нести (тяжесть чего-л.)
    2. продолжаться, держаться, стоять (о погоде и т. п.)

    the fair weather is holding - стоит /держится/ ясная погода

    if the frost holds we shall have skating tomorrow - если мороз удержится, завтра можно будет кататься на коньках

    3. (тж. to hold good, to hold true) иметь силу ( о законе); оставаться в силе (о принципе, обещании)

    does the principle still hold good? - остаётся ли этот принцип в силе?

    the rule holds of /in/ all cases - правило применимо ко всем случаям

    to hold good in law - иметь законную силу, быть юридически обоснованным

    4. занимать (пост и т. п.)

    to hold a rank - иметь звание /чин/

    to hold office - а) занимать пост; б) быть у власти ( о партии)

    5. овладевать ( вниманием)

    to hold the attention of one's audience - заставить себя слушать, завладеть вниманием аудитории

    to hold an audience spellbound - приковать к себе внимание слушателей, зачаровать слушателей

    6. хранить, удерживать ( в памяти)

    I cannot hold all these details in my head /in my memory/ at once - я не могу сразу запомнить все эти подробности

    hold the traditions which you have been taught - библ. держите предания, которым вы научены

    7. придерживаться (взглядов, убеждений)

    to hold strange views - держаться странных взглядов; иметь странные убеждения

    8. резервировать (места, билеты и т. п.)

    we asked them to hold a room for us - мы просили их оставить для нас номер

    9. провести, устроить, организовать ( мероприятие)

    to hold a meeting [an election] - проводить собрание [выборы]

    the election was held in November - в ноябре прошли /состоялись/ выборы

    to hold a discussion [negotiations] - вести дискуссию [переговоры]

    to hold a reception [a press conference] - устроить приём [пресс-конференцию]

    to hold an examination - экзаменовать, проводить экзамен

    to hold correspondence - вести переписку, переписываться

    to hold a feast - пировать; устраивать пир

    to hold an inspection - инспектировать, проводить инспекцию

    to hold a service - церк. отправлять службу

    the college will hold classes today - в колледже сегодня будут (проводиться) занятия

    to hold an anniversary - отмечать /праздновать/ годовщину

    10. не пропускать ( жидкость), быть непроницаемым

    to hold water - не протекать, не пропускать воду (о лодке и т. п.) [см. тж. ♢ ]

    a leather bag will hold water but not petrol - в кожаном мешке можно держать воду, но не бензин

    11. зажимать, затыкать (нос, уши)

    when I spoke she held her ears - когда я говорил, она затыкала уши

    12. уст. биться об заклад, ставить ( ставку)
    13. зачать, понести ( о самке)
    II Б
    1. to hold smb., smth. in á position держать кого-л., что-л. в каком-л. положении

    to hold oneself upright /erect/ - держаться прямо

    hold yourself still - не шевелитесь, не двигайтесь

    to hold oneself ready /in readiness/ (for smth.) - быть (всегда) готовым (к чему-л.)

    to hold one's head high - а) высоко держать голову; hold your head (up)! - выше голову!; б) задирать нос, важничать, заноситься

    to hold in place - прикреплять, держать

    to be held in place by smth. - держаться на чём-л.

    to hold in check - сдерживать, не пускать

    to hold the enemy in position /to his ground/ - воен. сковывать противника

    to hold on a point - спец. устанавливать в данной точке

    2. to hold back from smth. /from doing smth./, to hold off from smth. /from doing smth./, to hold back on smth. /on doing smth./ воздерживаться от чего-л.

    to hold off from beer - воздерживаться от пива, не пить пива

    buyers are holding back on purchases - ком. покупатели воздерживаются от закупок

    3. to hold to /by/ smth. твёрдо держаться, придерживаться чего-л.

    to hold to a belief [by a principle] - твёрдо держаться какого-л. убеждения [какого-л. принципа]

    to hold by /to/ an opinion - придерживаться мнения

    I still hold to my former views - я остаюсь при старом мнении, я не изменил своих взглядов

    I hold to what I have always said - я не отказываюсь от того, что всегда говорил

    to hold by what N. says - прислушиваться к мнению N.

    4. to hold smb. to smth. требовать от кого-л. соблюдения чего-л.

    to hold smb. to his promise - настаивать на выполнении кем-л. своего обещания

    to hold smb. to terms - настаивать на соблюдении условий

    5. to hold (up) with smth. одобрять что-л.; соглашаться с чем-л.

    the political principles that few would hold with - политические принципы, с которыми мало кто согласится

    my father did not hold up with farming - занятие фермерством не нравилось моему отцу

    6. to hold with smb.
    1) соглашаться с кем-л., придерживаться одинаковых взглядов с кем-л.

    I hold with you that this author is very talented - я, как и вы, считаю, что этот писатель очень талантлив

    2) одобрительно относиться к кому-л.

    I can't hold with him, he is insupportable - я его не переношу, он невыносим

    7. to hold in with smb. дружить с кем-л.
    8. to hold out for smth. стремиться к чему-л.

    to hold out for a higher wage offer [price] - добиваться более высокой зарплаты [цены]

    9. to hold on for some place держать путь куда-л.

    ♢

    to hold copy - полигр. подчитывать ( корректуру)

    to hold the sprint - спорт. бежать с предельной скоростью

    to hold one's hand - воздержаться ( от действий); занять выжидательную позицию

    to hold hand - уст. а) помогать; б) состязаться; успешно соперничать

    hold fast /hard/! - а) стой!, подожди!; б) мор. стоп; [ср. тж. I 1 и 4]

    to hold one's own /one's ground/ - а) сохранять свои позиции, не сдаваться; he can hold his own against anyone - он может постоять за себя перед кем угодно; он может дать отпор любому; he can hold his ground with the older boys - он не уступает старшим мальчикам; б) сохранять достоинство, самообладание; не поддаваться (болезни и т. п.)

    the patient is holding his own - больной /пациент/ не теряет присутствия духа

    to hold water - выдерживать критику; быть убедительным, логичным, обоснованным (о гипотезе, утверждении и т. п.) [см. тж. II А 10]

    to hold it against smb. - иметь претензии к кому-л., иметь что-л. против кого-л.

    he never remembers my birthday but I don't hold it against him - он никогда не помнит о моём дне рождения, но я не обижаюсь на него (за это)

    to hold at bay см. bay2 I 2

    to be left holding the bag см. bag1 I ♢

    to hold a brief см. brief I 2

    to hold smb. in (the hollow of one's) hand - держать кого-л. в кулаке, подчинить кого-л. полностью

    he is neither to hold nor to bind - с ним никто не может справиться, с ним сладу нет

    to hold in play - занимать (работой, развлечениями)

    hold your horses! - а) ≅ легче на поворотах!; не выходите из себя!; б) подождите!; не торопитесь!

    hold it! - а) подождите!; не торопитесь!; б) не двигайтесь!; не шевелитесь!

    to hold the stage - а) театр. жарг. приковывать к себе внимание зрителей; затмить остальных актёров; б) затмить всё, отодвинуть на второй план всё остальное; в) держаться на сцене, не сходить со сцены ( о спектакле)

    to hold one's tongue /one's peace/ - молчать, держать язык за зубами, прикусить язык

    hold your noise /your row, сл. your jaw/! - перестань(те) шуметь!, замолчи(те)!

    hold, enough! - уст. хватит!; замолчите!

    to hold the fort - а) занимать твёрдую позицию, не уступать; «держать оборону»; б) поддерживать нормальную жизнь; вести дела (в отсутствии кого-л.); [см. тж. I 4]

    a skeleton staff was left to hold the fort at the office on Saturdays - по субботам в учреждении оставались лишь немногие сотрудники для ведения необходимых дел

    hold the fort! - амер. держитесь!

    to hold cheap - ни в грош не ставить; не дорожить

    to hold smth. lightly - не придавать чему-л. значения

    to hold in store - готовить, предвещать

    we cannot tell what the future may hold (in store) for us - мы не знаем, что нам сулит будущее

    to hold one's sides with laughter - покатываться со смеху; хохотать до упаду

    hold the line! - не вешайте трубку!, не кладите трубку! ( по телефону)

    hold your hat! - разг. ≅ ну, теперь держись!

    НБАРС > hold

  • 107 43

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > 43

  • 108 aAWOL Bush

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > aAWOL Bush

  • 109 AWOL Bush

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > AWOL Bush

  • 110 Bush 43

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Bush 43

  • 111 Bush fils

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Bush fils

  • 112 Bush II

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Bush II

  • 113 Bush the Younger

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Bush the Younger

  • 114 Bushie

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Bushie

  • 115 Commander Guy, The

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Commander Guy, The

  • 116 Decider-In-Chief, The

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Decider-In-Chief, The

  • 117 Decider, The

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Decider, The

  • 118 Dubya

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Dubya

  • 119 Incurious George

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Incurious George

  • 120 King George (II)

    Одна из кличек президента США Джорджа Буша (подробнее см. список кличек ниже)
    Dubya — From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
    43 or Bush 43, Bush the Younger, Bush II, and Bush fils — All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
    Bushie — Also used to refer to wife Laura
    The Shrub or simply Shrub — Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
    Temporary — Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
    King George (II) — Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
    Uncurious George or Incurious George or Spurious George — Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
    AWOL Bush — Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
    The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief — Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
    The Commander Guy — Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2, 2007, saying "My position is clear — I'm the commander guy."
    Resident Bush
    The Leaker-in-Chief — In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
    The Velcro President — A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

    Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > King George (II)

Страницы

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