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81 manual
• opaskirja• ohjekirja• opasautomatic data processing• näppäimistö• manuaali• manuaalinenautomatic data processing• sormio• käyttöohje• käsin-• käyttöohjeet• käsi• käsi-• käsikirja• käsikäyttöinen• käsin• käsin tehtävä• käsivälitteinen* * *'mænjuəl 1. adjective1) (of the hand or hands: manual skills/labour.) käsi-, manuaalinen2) (working with the hands: a manual worker.) työmies3) (worked or operated by the hand: a car with a manual gearbox.) käsi-2. noun1) (a handbook eg of technical information about a machine etc: an instruction manual.) käsikirja2) (a keyboard of an organ etc.) sormio•- manually -
82 center
1) центра) центральная точка; средняя точка; серединав) вчт центр группыд) источник (воз)действия, силы или эффектаж) фтт ядро (напр. дислокации); сердцевиназ) центральное учреждение; главное учреждение; центральный офиси) тлф вчт узел; узловая станция2) центрировать(ся); располагать(ся) в центре; находиться в центре3) определять центр; помечать центр•- center of circle
- center of corrosion - center of force
- center of gravity
- center of curvature
- center of inertia
- center of inversion
- center of luminescence
- center of mass
- center of phosphorescence
- center of pressure
- center of quenching
- center of similitude
- center of symmetry
- center of twist
- acceptor center
- acceptor impurity center
- active center
- adjustment training center
- administrative center
- air communication center
- air traffic control center
- area communication center
- array phase center - automatic switch center
- autoswitching center
- band center
- broadcast center
- broadcasting center
- call center
- charge center
- circuit switching center
- color center
- communication center
- computer center
- control center
- crisis center
- data center
- data processing center
- dead center
- deep space communication center
- deflection center
- dislocation center
- distribution center
- donor center
- donor impurity center
- effective acoustic center
- electrical center
- electron-trapping center
- F-center
- face center
- filter center
- flexural center
- flight information center - geometrical center - halaxy center
- hole-trapping center
- impurity center
- information center
- information processing center
- instantaneous rotation center - ion-exchange center
- junction center - leading center
- location center
- long-distance switching center
- magnetic reversal center
- message center
- message switching center
- mission control center
- mobile services switching center
- mode center
- multiple-energy level impurity center
- nerve center
- network information center - network production center
- network production television center
- nonbleaching F-center
- nonradiative-recombination center
- nucleating center
- nucleation center
- operation center - phase center
- photosensitivity center
- preparation center
- production center
- production television center
- program production center
- program production television center
- quenching center
- radiation-induced trapping center
- radiative-recombination center
- rate center
- ray center
- recombination center
- reference center
- regional program production center
- regional program production television center
- relay center
- rotation center
- sample center
- satellite data transmission center
- scattering center
- self-activated center
- service center
- single-energy level impurity center
- software support center
- step source center
- supporting communication center
- surface-trap center
- surface-trapping center
- switching center
- switching control center
- technical assistance center
- telecommunication center
- television center
- television operating center
- toll center
- tracking center
- transmission center
- trap center
- trapping center
- vision center
- visual center
- zone center -
83 center
1) центра) центральная точка; средняя точка; серединав) вчт. центр группыд) источник (воз)действия, силы или эффектаж) фтт. ядро (напр. дислокации); сердцевиназ) центральное учреждение; главное учреждение; центральный офиси) тлф.; вчт. узел; узловая станция2) центрировать(ся); располагать(ся) в центре; находиться в центре3) определять центр; помечать центр•- acceptor impurity center
- active center
- adjustment training center
- administrative center
- air communication center
- air traffic control center
- area communication center
- array phase center
- authentication center
- automatic message switching center
- automatic switch center
- autoswitching center
- band center
- broadcast center
- broadcasting center
- call center
- center of bending
- center of circle
- center of corrosion
- center of curvature
- center of equilibrium
- center of force
- center of gravity
- center of inertia
- center of inversion
- center of luminescence
- center of mass
- center of phosphorescence
- center of pressure
- center of quenching
- center of similitude
- center of symmetry
- center of twist
- charge center
- circuit switching center
- color center
- communication center
- computer center
- control center
- crisis center
- data center
- data processing center
- dead center
- deep space communication center
- deflection center
- dislocation center
- distribution center
- donor center
- donor impurity center
- effective acoustic center
- electrical center
- electron-trapping center
- F center
- face center
- filter center
- flexural center
- flight information center
- gateway mobile services switching center
- generation-recombination center
- geometrical center
- ground control center
- group center
- halaxy center
- hole-trapping center
- impurity center
- information center
- information processing center
- instantaneous rotation center
- international switching center
- Internet center
- ion-exchange center
- junction center
- key distribution center
- LD switching center
- leading center
- location center
- long-distance switching center
- magnetic reversal center
- message center
- message switching center
- mission control center
- mobile services switching center
- mode center
- multiple-energy level impurity center
- nerve center
- network information center
- network management center
- network operation center
- network production center
- network production television center
- nonbleaching F center
- nonradiative-recombination center
- nucleating center
- nucleation center
- operation center
- operations and maintenance center
- optical center
- phase center
- photosensitivity center
- preparation center
- production center
- production television center
- program production center
- program production television center
- quenching center
- radiation-induced trapping center
- radiative-recombination center
- rate center
- ray center
- recombination center
- reference center
- regional program production center
- regional program production television center
- relay center
- rotation center
- sample center
- satellite data transmission center
- scattering center
- self-activated center
- service center
- single-energy level impurity center
- software support center
- step source center
- supporting communication center
- surface-trap center
- surface-trapping center
- switching center
- switching control center
- technical assistance center
- telecommunication center
- television center
- television operating center
- toll center
- tracking center
- transmission center
- trap center
- trapping center
- vision center
- visual center
- zone centerThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > center
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84 data
n 1. ком. дані; інформація; факти; відомості; 2. комп. дані, інформація; a інформаційний1. інформація у формі фактів, статистики тощо; 2. інформація, яка зберігається, передається, обробляється тощо комп'ютером═════════■═════════accurate data точні дані; actual data фактичні дані; administrative data адміністративна інформація; aggregate capital data сукупні дані про капітал; ambiguous data непевні дані; annual data річні дані; authentic data правдиві дані • вірогідні дані • достовірні дані; available data наявні дані; balance sheet data балансові дані • дані про баланс; basic data основні дані • вихідні дані • базові дані; bibliographical data бібліографічні дані; biographical data біографічні дані; book-keeping data бухгалтерські дані; budget data бюджетні дані; business data комерційна інформація; calculation data розрахункові дані; census data дані перепису; coded data закодовані дані; collected data зведені дані; commercial data комерційна інформація • комерційні дані; comparative data порівняльні дані; complete data повні дані; comprehensive data вичерпні дані; confidential data конфіденційна інформація; conflicting data суперечливі дані; control data контрольні дані; corollary data співвідносні дані; correct data правильні дані; corrected data виправлені дані • відкориговані дані; correlated data співвідносні дані; cost data дані про витрати • дані про витрати виробництва; crude data приблизні дані • неточні дані; cumulative data зведені дані; current data поточна інформація; customer data дані про клієнтів • інформація про клієнтів; demographic data демографічні дані; design data розрахункові дані • конструктивні дані; detailed data деталізовані дані • докладні дані; digital data числові дані • цифрові дані; discrepant data розбіжні дані; documentary data документальні дані; economic data економічні дані • економічна інформація; estimated data кошторисні дані; exact data точна інформація; external data зовнішні дані; factual data фактичні дані; final data остаточні дані; financial data дані про фінансову діяльність • фінансові показники; gross data валові дані; group data згруповані дані; historical data дані за минулі роки • історичні дані; identification data розпізнавальні дані; immigration data імміграційні дані; inadequate data неповноцінні дані; incoming data наступні дані • вхідні дані • дані, що надійшли; incomplete data неповні дані; incorrect data неправильні дані; industry sales data торговельна статистика галузі; initial data вхідні дані • початкові дані; input data вхідні дані; long-term data дані за тривалий період часу; main data основні дані; management data управлінська інформація; manufacturing data дані про випуск продукції • технологічні дані; market data ринкові дані • кон'юнктурні відомості • дані про ринок; marketing data маркетингові дані; master data основні дані; measurement data результати вимірювань • нормативи; messy data ненадійні дані • невпорядковані дані; missing data відсутні дані; monthly data щомісячні дані; necessary data необхідні дані; numerical data цифрові дані • числові дані; objective data об'єктивні дані; observational data дані спостережень; official data офіційні дані; on-line data оперативні дані; operating data оперативні дані; operating life data дані про термін служби; operational data робочі дані • оперативні дані; original data вихідні дані • початкові дані; output data вихідні дані • дані про обсяг продукції; past data дані за минулий період; performance data показники продуктивності • робочі характеристики • дані про продуктивність; performance-test data дані протоколу випробувань; personal data анкетні дані • особисті дані • біографічні дані; pertinent data інформація по суті справи; physical data фізичні характеристики; population census data дані перепису населення; precise data точна інформація • точні дані; predicted data прогнозовані дані; preliminary data попередні дані; price-level data дані про рівень цін; pricing data дані про ціни; primary data первинні дані • вихідні дані; principal data основні дані; priority data пріоритетні дані; private data інформація приватного характеру; production data дані про рух виробничого процесу • дані про випуск продукції; profit data дані про прибуток; provisional data тимчасові дані • попередні дані • умовні дані; public data відкрита інформація; published data* опубліковані дані; purchase data статистика покупок • відомості про покупки; qualitative data якісні дані; quality data показники якості; quantitative data кількісні дані; ranked data упорядковані дані • класифіковані дані; rated data розрахункові дані; rating data номінальні характеристики; raw data невпорядковані дані • неопрацьовані дані • вихідні дані; readership data дані про кількість читачів • дані про коло читачів; reduced data оброблені дані • опрацьовані дані; reference data довідкові дані; regular data систематизовані дані; regional data місцеві дані • регіональні дані; relevant data інформація по суті справи; representative data характерні дані; response data відповідні дані • дані про відповідні реакції; restricted data дані обмеженого користування • інформація для службового користування • закриті дані • секретні дані; retail sales data дані про роздрібний продаж • статистика роздрібного продажу; sales data торговельна статистика • дані реалізації товару • дані про збут; sample data вибіркові дані; scarce data недостатні дані • мізерні дані; scientific data наукова інформація; seasonal data сезонні дані • дані про сезонні зміни; secondary data вторинні дані; service data експлуатаційні дані; shipping data дані про відвантаження товару; social data дані про соціальний склад • дані про соціальний склад населення; source data дані походження • дані про походження • вихідні дані; specified data уточнені дані; starting data вихідні дані; statistical data статистичні дані; statistical support data затверджена статистика; status data дані про стан; summarized data підсумкові дані • збірні дані; summary data узагальнені дані • зведені дані • збірні дані; supplementary data додаткові дані • додаткова інформація; supplied data подана інформація • подані дані; supporting data допоміжні дані; survey data матеріали обстеження; systematical data систематизовані дані; tabular data табличні дані; tabulated data табличні дані; technical data технічні дані • технічна інформація • технологічна інформація • техніко-видавничі характеристики; tentative data умовні дані • експериментальні дані • дослідні дані; test data експериментальні дані • результати експериментів • дані досліджень; theoretical data теоретичні дані; trade off data обмінна інформація; transaction data операційні дані; ungrouped data незгруповані дані; valid data дійсні дані • достовірні дані • обґрунтовані дані; variable data змінні дані • мінливі дані; working data показники роботи • результати роботи • робочі дані═════════□═════════data abuse зловживання даними • неправильне користування даними; data access arrangement засоби доступу до даних; data acquisition збір даних; data administration організація проходження даних • організація даних • адміністрація даних; data aggregate сукупність даних; data amount кількість інформації • обсяг даних; data bank банк даних • інформаційний банк • архів; data bank management управління банком даних; database база даних; database creation формування бази даних; database design проектування бази даних; database management управління базою даних; database search пошук в базі даних; data bit бітові дані; data capture збір даних • нагромадження даних; data carrier носій інформації • носій даних; data centre центр збору даних • центр накопичення даних; data chaining ланцюжкове зчеплення даних; data channel канал даних; data circuit канал передавання даних; data code кодовий набір; data collection упорядкування даних • нагромадження даних • збір даних; data communication передача даних • передавання даних; data compaction ущільнення даних; data control керування даними; data conversion перетворення даних; data corruption руйнування даних; data description опис даних; data display інформаційна таблиця • інформаційне табло • відображення даних • викладка даних; data encoding кодування даних; data encryption кодування даних; data entry інформаційний вхід • введення даних; data field поле даних; data file картотека даних • тека даних; data flow потік даних; data format формат даних; data for study дані для дослідження; data handling опрацьовування даних • опрацювання даних; data input введення даних • вхідні дані • інформаційний вхід; data input station термінал введення даних; data integrity цілісність даних; data item елемент даних; data link канал передачі даних; data maintenance введення даних; data management керування даними; data management system система керування даними; data manager керівник відділу опрацювання даних • керівник відділу обробки даних; data network мережа передачі даних • мережа даних; data organization організація даних; data output вихідні дані • вихід даних • інформаційний вихід; data packet пакет даних; data performance ефективність даних; data processing обробка даних • опрацювання даних; data processing centre центр обробки даних • центр опрацювання даних; data processor процесор обробки даних • процесор опрацювання даних; data protection захист даних; data rate швидкість передачі даних; data recording реєстрація даних • запис даних; data recovery відновлення даних; data register реєстр даних; data retrieval пошук даних; data safety захист даних • збереження даних; data security безпечність зберігання даних • захист даних • збереження даних; data selection вибір даних; data service bureau центр обробки даних; data set комплект даних • набір даних • низка даних • файл даних; data sharing розподіл даних; data sheet бланк для запису даних; data source джерело даних; data switch перемикання даних; data transfer передача даних; data transfer rate швидкість передачі даних; data transformation перетворення даних; data transmission передача даних; data validation підтвердження правильності даних • перевірка правильності даних • перевірка даних; data value величина даних; to access data діставати/дістати доступ до даних; to analyze data аналізувати дані; to check data перевіряти/перевірити дані; to collect data збирати/зібрати дані; to discard data виключати/виключити дані • відкидати/відкинути дані • виключати/виключити інформацію • відкидати/відкинути інформацію; to enter data вводити/ввести дані; to examine data досліджувати/дослідити дані • оглядати/оглянути дані; to exchange data обмінюватися/обмінятися даними; to feed in data вводити/ввести дані; to furnish data видавати/видати дані • постачати/постачити дані; to handle data обробляти/обробити дані • опрацьовувати/опрацювати дані; to include data включати/включити дані; to plot the data наносити дані; to process data обробляти/обробити дані • опрацьовувати/опрацювати дані; to provide data постачати/постачити дані • давати/дати дані; to record data записувати/записати дані; to retrieve data знаходити/знайти дані; to share data ділитися даними; to store data зберігати/зберегти дані; to submit data подавати/подати дані; to turn out data видавати/видати дані; to update data обновляти/обновити дані; to use data використовувати/використати дані -
85 company
bulk petrol (transport) company — Бр. рота подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего
Commando (oil gas extraction area) company — рота охраны и защиты (нефтегазовых промыслов), рота «команчо»
field company, RE — Бр. саперная рота
field survey company, RE — Бр. полевая топографическая рота инженерных войск
HQ company, US Army — штабная рота штаба СВ США
long-range (reconnaissance) patrol company — рота дальней [глубинной] разведки
special boat company, Royal Marines — Бр. особая [отдельная] рота десантных катеров МП
— AG's company— airborne infantry company— air-mission company light— commandos company— Rangers company— smoke generator company -
86 station
станция; пункт; пост; радиостанция; место ( по боевому расчету) ; позиция; точка подвески ( вооружения на самолете) ; место в строю (ЛА) ; место службы; место дислокации; ркт. кабина; Бр. авиационная станция [база]; размещать, базировать; ставить на местоairborne (communications) relay station — воздушная радиорелейная станция [пункт]
— alternate master station— data-relaying station— fueling station— gasoline service station— launching station -
87 manufacturing
производство имя существительное:обрабатывающая промышленность (manufacturing, processing industry)имя прилагательное: -
88 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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89 техника
жен.
1) engineering;
technics мн., technique техника безопасности наука и техника
2) (приемы исполнения) technique овладеть техникой
3) коллект. (оборудование, вооружение) (technical) equipment;
(машины) machinery
4) воен. materiel боевая техникатехник|а - ж.
1. (область человеческой деятельности) engineering technology, industrial arts;
передовая ~ advanced technology;
~ связи communication technologies;
достижения ~и technical achievements, achievements in technology;
область ~и field of technology;
тенденции в развитии ~и trends in technology;
вычислительная ~ computer science;
счётно-вычислительная ~ computer technology;
2. собир. (оборудование) equipment, machinery, plant;
беречь ~у look after machinery;
боевая ~ fighting equipment;
material;
морально устаревшая ~ morally obsolete equipment;
~ новых поколений new generations of equipment;
особо точная ~ high-precision equipment;
разгрузочная ~ unloading facilities;
сложная ~ sophisticated equipment;
внедрение новой ~и и технологии introduction of the latest machinery and technology;
3. (приёмы исполнения) technique(s) ;
~ шахматной игры chess technique;
музыкальная ~ musical technique;
~ работы operational techniques pl. ;
~ обработки processing technique;
~ производства manufacturing technique;
~ работы work/operation technique;
~ руководства management technique;
~ безопасности safety devices, accident prevention;
нормы ~и безопасности safety standard;
правила ~и безопасности factory safety rules;
соблюдать правила ~и безопасности observe safety rules and regulations. -
90 area
1) площадь; пространство3) поверхность4) (производственный) участок; помещение; площадка5) рабочая ячейка ( склада)•equal in area — равновеликий;area of base — площадь основания, площадь подошвы фундаментаarea of bearing — 1. площадь опоры 2. строит. площадка опиранияarea of contact — площадь поверхности контактаarea of diagram — площадь эпюры; площадь графикаarea of fracture — 1. поверхность излома 2. площадь поперечного сечения в месте разрушенияarea of occurrence — возд. район происшествияarea of water section — гидр. площадь живого сечения потокаarea of well influence — зона влияния колодца или скважины-
absorption area
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active area
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actual contact area
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actuating area
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actuation probability area
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addressable area
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adjustment control area
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advisory area
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air intake hazard area
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aircraft parking area
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airflow separation area
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airport construction area
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airport prohibited area
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airport service area
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air-route area
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alighting area
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alloy storage area
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annulus area
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antenna effective area
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antenna area
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antinode area
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aperture area
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approach area
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ash-disposal area
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auditory area
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backwater area
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bare area
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base area
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bearing surface area
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binding area
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blade area
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blade-exit area
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blind area
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blind drainage area
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boarding area
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bolted area
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bonding area
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bond area
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bore area
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bubble-melt surface area
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buffer area
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building area
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built-up area
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burning area
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catalyst surface area
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catchment area
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caved area
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central equipment area
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centralized telecine area
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centralized traffic area
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centralized video tape area
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charge-makeup area
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charging area
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chip area
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choke-tube area
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circling approach area
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clean processing area
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clearance area
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climb-out area
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clinch area
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coal area
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coherence area
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cold area
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commanded area
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common area
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compression area
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concrete area
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cone effect area
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congested area
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connector area
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conservation area
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constant area
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contact area
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contact spot area
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contaminated area
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contamination control area
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contiguous area
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contour area of contact
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control area
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controlled access area
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cooling area
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corrosion area
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coverage area
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crimp area
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critical area
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cross-sectional area
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cross-section area
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cutting area
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cylinder annular area
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dangerous area
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data-rich area
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data-sparse area
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data-void area
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decontamination area
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demixing area
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design wing area
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developed area
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developed blade area
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development area
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die attach area
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diked area
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direct transit area
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discharge area
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display area
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disposal area
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dot area
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downstream area
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drainage area
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drainless area
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dry area
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dynamic area
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echoing area
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echo area
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effective area
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effective braking area
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effective cross-sectional area
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effective cross-section area
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effective screening area
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effects area
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electrical contact area
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electroded area
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elemental area
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enclosed working area
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end safety area
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engineering area
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environmentally fragile area
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exchange area
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exclusion area
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exhaust area
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expanded blade area
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expanded area
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exposure area
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face area
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fan blast area
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felling area
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fenced-off area
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fetch area
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fill area
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film-editing area
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filter effective area
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filter open area
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filtering area
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finished-products storage area
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fixed area
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flame area
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flooded area
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flood-free area
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flooding area
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floor area
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flow area
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focus area
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forbidden area
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free-surface area
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fringe area
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functional area
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furnace area
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fusing area
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fusion area
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gases shear area
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gasket surface area
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gassy area
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gathering area
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gob area
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graticule area
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gray-scale picture area
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gross cross-sectional area
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gross cross-section area
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gross irrigable area
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ground contact area
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gutter area
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hard-core area
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hard-to-reach area
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hearth area
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heat dissipation area
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heat-affected area
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heating area
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heat-transfer area
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high-activity area
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high-beat area
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high-radiation area
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holding area
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hot area
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housing area
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illuminated area
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image area
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impact area
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impression area
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inactive area
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ingot-stripping area
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input area
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instantaneous area of flame front
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instruction area
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intended landing area
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interfacial area
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interference area
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interlocking area
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inundated area
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junction area
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knuckle area
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land area
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landing area
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lateral area
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lift irrigation area
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lift-off area
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link overlapped area
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living area
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living floor area
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load-and-unload area
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load-carrying area
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loading area
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loadout area
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localized areas of wear
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low-radiation area
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makeup area
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maneuvering area
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man-impacted area
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manned area
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manual setting-up area
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melting area
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mesa area
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metropolitan area
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mining area
-
mirror area
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mold conditioning area
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mold opening area
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moment area
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movement area
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mush area
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natural area
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net cross-sectional area
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net cross-section area
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neutron migration area
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nominal contact area
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noncontact area
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nonimage area
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nonmoving area
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nonoccupied area
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nonprinting area
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nonstorage area
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nonutilizable area
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normally occupied area
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nose area
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nuclear area
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numbering area
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obstructed landing area
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open area
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open flow area
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outgassed area
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output area
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overrun safety area
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pallet area
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patch area
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pattern area
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payable area
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percent shear area
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personnel and utility area
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phosphor area
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photolithographic area
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picture area
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poor-reception area
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port area
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presentation area
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pressing area
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prewarming area
-
primary area
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primary service area
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printing area
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production area
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production control area
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programmed operating area
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prohibited area
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projectedblade area
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projected area
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propeller disk area
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protected area
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quality-control area
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quality area
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quench area
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quiet area
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radar area
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radiation-control area
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real area of contact
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recording area
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record area
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refining area
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regeneration area
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reinforcing steel area
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rerecording area
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reservoir surface area
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reservoir area
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residential area
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resident area
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residential floor area
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restricted area
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retarder area
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rig deck area
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risk area
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robot area
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roof contact area
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rubbing path area
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rudder area
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run-up area
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rural area
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safe operating area
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safety area
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sail area
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save area
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scanned area
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scrap-consuming area
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scrap-disposal area
-
scrap-grading area
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scratch area
-
screen area
-
sealing area
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seal area
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search area
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secondary area
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sectional area
-
section area
-
seeking area
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segregated area
-
service area
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serviceable area
-
setting-up area
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shaded area
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shadow area
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shareable area
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shoe pad transition area
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shooting area
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sintering area
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site area
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skip area
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slag-line area
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slot area
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slowing-down area of neutron
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snow-covered area
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solid area
-
sound area
-
sound-track area
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special work permit area
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specific floor area
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specific surface area
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spliced area
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spoil area
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stack area
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stockline area
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stool conditioning area
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storage area
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stripped area
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subsidence area
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superheated area
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surface area
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switching area
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takeoff area
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takeoff flight path area
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tape area
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taphole area
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target area
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technical-equipment area
-
technical area
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telecine area
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tension area
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terminal area
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terminal control area
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test area
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throat area
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tongs area of pipe
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tool service area
-
tool-presetting area
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total area
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total irrigation area
-
total tuyere area
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transient area
-
turnaround area
-
tuyere area
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type area
-
unattacked area
-
undershoot area
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ungaged area
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uniform area
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unobstructed landing area
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upstream area
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urban area
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usable area
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user area
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valve fillet area
-
valve seating face area
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video tape recording area
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video tape area
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viewing area
-
vision control area
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vulnerable area
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waste area
-
waste-metal area
-
waste-storage area
-
water catchment area
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waterplane area
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water-surface area
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wear track area
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weld metal area
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well drainage area
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wellhead area
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wetted area
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wildlife area
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window area
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worked-out area
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working area
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yard area
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yoke area -
91 STAP
1) Американизм: Specialized Telecommunications Assistance Program2) Военный термин: Science and Technology Advisory Panel, Scientific and Technical Analysis and Programs, Single Trooper Aerial Platform, shipbuilding temporary assistance programme, special technical assistance program3) Сокращение: Space-Time Adaptive Processing, Surveillance & Target Acquisition Plan4) Университет: Subsequent Term Alignment Plan -
92 TPL
1) Компьютерная техника: Table Producing Language2) Военный термин: Time-Phased Line, tabular parts list, target priority list, task priority list, technical publications library3) Техника: terminals per line, test point logic, tunable pulsed laser4) Страхование: third-party liability, ответственность перед третьими лицами (third party liability)5) Сокращение: triple6) Вычислительная техника: technical patch library7) Биохимия: Total Phospholipid8) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: propagation time in a lossy formation, time of propagation in a lossy formation, (time of propagation in a lossy formation) время пробега в пласте с большими потерями, (time of propagation in a lossy formation) время пробега с большими потерями в пласте9) Сетевые технологии: Total Packet Loss10) Контроль качества: test parts list11) Расширение файла: Harvard Graphics Template, Transaction Processing Language, Turbo Pascal resident units Library, Template file (GoldEd,ITrack), Turbo Pascal Library12) Нефть и газ: third party liability, ответственность за ущерб государству и третьим лицам, ответственность за ущерб природе и третьим лицам, ущерб государству и третьим лицам, ущерб природе и третьим лицам, TL13) Общественная организация: Trust for Public Land14) NYSE. Texas Pacific Land Trust15) Аэропорты: Temple, Texas USA, Theater Of Public Learning16) Библиотечное дело: Toronto Public Library -
93 TSP
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Truncated Signal Peptide, тройной суперфосфат2) Компьютерная техника: Tapi Service Provider, Team Software Processes, Temporary Storage Program, telecommunications service priority3) Авиация: экранированная витая пара4) Американизм: Tiny Suspended Particles, Transition Stakeholders Panel5) Спорт: The Supporter Page6) Военный термин: Tactical Sensor Planner, Threat Support Package, Training Support Base, Training Support Package, Troop Structure Program, tactical strike program, technical specifications, technical support package, telemetry simulation program, temporary standard practice, test site position, test status panel, test support package, test support program, transit servicing park, transshipment point, tri-service program, trial-shot point7) Техника: Titanium Sublimation Pump, temperature-sensitive period, test software program, thermally stimulated polarization, thermally stimulated process, time at source point, time sorting program, time-shared program, tube support plate8) Шутливое выражение: The Smelly People, Try Some Phosphorus9) Химия: Tri Sodium Phosphate10) Математика: Travelling Salesman Problem11) Автомобильный термин: throttle solenoid positioner (Ford), Система стабилизации прицепа: (Trailer Stability Program)12) Ветеринария: Team Sick Puppy13) Политика: Terrorist State of Pakistan14) Телекоммуникации: провайдер телекоммуникационных услуг, Telecom Service Provider15) Сокращение: Target Signal Processor, Teleprocessing Services Program, Thrift Savings Plan, Time & Space Processing Inc. (USA), Time Synchronization Protocol, Tracking Signal Processor, Turret Stabilised Platform16) Физиология: Thoracic spine, teaspoon (5 mL), thrombospondin17) Электроника: Temperature- Sensitive Parameter18) Вычислительная техника: traveling salesman problem, Texture and Shading Processor (IC, Graphik)20) Иммунология: T cell-specific serine proteinase, transferred solid phase21) Геофизика: вертикальное время22) Транспорт: Traveler Service Point23) Пищевая промышленность: Texturized Soy Protein24) Фирменный знак: Texas Screw Products25) Экология: total suspended particulates26) СМИ: The Softback Preview27) Деловая лексика: Totally Superior Product, Transactional Services Provider28) Сетевые технологии: Tunnel Setup Protocol, telecommunication service priority, категория услуг при предоставлении связи29) Полимеры: trisodium phosphate30) Программирование: командный процесс разработки программного обеспечения (см. team software process)31) Акустика: параметры Тиля/Смолла (Thielle & Small parameters)32) Отопление: ( trisodium phosphate) тринатрийфосфат33) Химическое оружие: total suspended particulate34) Расширение файла: Telephony Service Provider35) Нефть и газ: долото TSP, термостойкое поликристаллическое алмазное долото TSP36) Туннелестроение: (tunnel seismic prediction) прогноз сейсмичности тоннеля37) Агрохимия: triple superphosphate38) Единицы измерений: Ten Square Pounds -
94 tpl
1) Компьютерная техника: Table Producing Language2) Военный термин: Time-Phased Line, tabular parts list, target priority list, task priority list, technical publications library3) Техника: terminals per line, test point logic, tunable pulsed laser4) Страхование: third-party liability, ответственность перед третьими лицами (third party liability)5) Сокращение: triple6) Вычислительная техника: technical patch library7) Биохимия: Total Phospholipid8) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: propagation time in a lossy formation, time of propagation in a lossy formation, (time of propagation in a lossy formation) время пробега в пласте с большими потерями, (time of propagation in a lossy formation) время пробега с большими потерями в пласте9) Сетевые технологии: Total Packet Loss10) Контроль качества: test parts list11) Расширение файла: Harvard Graphics Template, Transaction Processing Language, Turbo Pascal resident units Library, Template file (GoldEd,ITrack), Turbo Pascal Library12) Нефть и газ: third party liability, ответственность за ущерб государству и третьим лицам, ответственность за ущерб природе и третьим лицам, ущерб государству и третьим лицам, ущерб природе и третьим лицам, TL13) Общественная организация: Trust for Public Land14) NYSE. Texas Pacific Land Trust15) Аэропорты: Temple, Texas USA, Theater Of Public Learning16) Библиотечное дело: Toronto Public Library -
95 tsp
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Truncated Signal Peptide, тройной суперфосфат2) Компьютерная техника: Tapi Service Provider, Team Software Processes, Temporary Storage Program, telecommunications service priority3) Авиация: экранированная витая пара4) Американизм: Tiny Suspended Particles, Transition Stakeholders Panel5) Спорт: The Supporter Page6) Военный термин: Tactical Sensor Planner, Threat Support Package, Training Support Base, Training Support Package, Troop Structure Program, tactical strike program, technical specifications, technical support package, telemetry simulation program, temporary standard practice, test site position, test status panel, test support package, test support program, transit servicing park, transshipment point, tri-service program, trial-shot point7) Техника: Titanium Sublimation Pump, temperature-sensitive period, test software program, thermally stimulated polarization, thermally stimulated process, time at source point, time sorting program, time-shared program, tube support plate8) Шутливое выражение: The Smelly People, Try Some Phosphorus9) Химия: Tri Sodium Phosphate10) Математика: Travelling Salesman Problem11) Автомобильный термин: throttle solenoid positioner (Ford), Система стабилизации прицепа: (Trailer Stability Program)12) Ветеринария: Team Sick Puppy13) Политика: Terrorist State of Pakistan14) Телекоммуникации: провайдер телекоммуникационных услуг, Telecom Service Provider15) Сокращение: Target Signal Processor, Teleprocessing Services Program, Thrift Savings Plan, Time & Space Processing Inc. (USA), Time Synchronization Protocol, Tracking Signal Processor, Turret Stabilised Platform16) Физиология: Thoracic spine, teaspoon (5 mL), thrombospondin17) Электроника: Temperature- Sensitive Parameter18) Вычислительная техника: traveling salesman problem, Texture and Shading Processor (IC, Graphik)20) Иммунология: T cell-specific serine proteinase, transferred solid phase21) Геофизика: вертикальное время22) Транспорт: Traveler Service Point23) Пищевая промышленность: Texturized Soy Protein24) Фирменный знак: Texas Screw Products25) Экология: total suspended particulates26) СМИ: The Softback Preview27) Деловая лексика: Totally Superior Product, Transactional Services Provider28) Сетевые технологии: Tunnel Setup Protocol, telecommunication service priority, категория услуг при предоставлении связи29) Полимеры: trisodium phosphate30) Программирование: командный процесс разработки программного обеспечения (см. team software process)31) Акустика: параметры Тиля/Смолла (Thielle & Small parameters)32) Отопление: ( trisodium phosphate) тринатрийфосфат33) Химическое оружие: total suspended particulate34) Расширение файла: Telephony Service Provider35) Нефть и газ: долото TSP, термостойкое поликристаллическое алмазное долото TSP36) Туннелестроение: (tunnel seismic prediction) прогноз сейсмичности тоннеля37) Агрохимия: triple superphosphate38) Единицы измерений: Ten Square Pounds -
96 TCP
1. technical cooperation program - программа научно-технического сотрудничества;2. technical coordinating paper - документ по технической координации;3. telemetry and command processor assembly - блок обработки телеметрических и командных данных;4. tetracalcium phosphate - тетракальцийфосфат;5. thickness-conductivity product - произведение мощности на удельную проводимость;6. time limited correlation processing - корреляционная обработка с ограничением по времени;7. timing and control panel - пульт синхронизации и управления;8. topologically close packed - топологически плотноупакованный;9. traffic control post - пост регулирования движения;10. training controller panel - пульт инструктора на тренажёре;11. transmission control program - программа управления передачей;12. transmission control protocol - протокол управления передачей данных;13. tricresyl phosphate - трикрезилфосфат;14. tubing conveyed perforating - перфорация на насосно-компрессорной трубе с откачкой жидкости из ствола;16. tubing conveyed perforator - спускаемый на трубах перфоратор на насосно-компрессорной трубе -
97 service
1. n1) служба; обслуживание, сервис2) заслуга; услуга3) эксплуатация4) срок службы•to build up a coherent international civil service — создавать согласованную международную гражданскую службу
to cut back on health and social services — урезать ассигнования на здравоохранение и социальные нужды
to give an idea diplomatic lip service — дипломатически поддерживать какую-л. идею на словах
to give the Health Service a substantial boost in funding — выделять крупные ассигнования на нужды здравоохранения
to lead a service — церк. проводить службу
to pay lip service (to) — относиться формально (к чему-л.); поддерживать (что-л.) на словах
to perform services — выполнять услуги / работы
to render services to smb — предоставлять / оказывать услуги кому-л.
to say a service — церк. отправлять богослужение
to smooth the way to privatizing the health service — готовить почву для денационализации здравоохранения
to take service with smb — поступать на службу к кому-л.
to take into one's service — нанимать
- administrative servicesto utilize the services (of smb) — использовать (чьи-л.) услуги
- advisory service
- amusement and recreation services
- analytical services
- at your service
- auxiliary services
- base service
- battle service
- break in service
- British Intelligence Service
- broadcasting service
- budgetary services
- call to military service
- career service
- civil service
- classified service
- closed services
- communal public services
- community services
- compulsory military service
- computer services
- conciliation service
- consular service
- consultant services
- consultation service
- consumer services
- continuous length of service
- continuous service
- counter-intelligence service
- Criminal Intelligence Service
- data processing services
- debt service
- dedication service
- deterioration in the social services
- development planning advisory services
- diplomatic pouch service
- diplomatic service
- emergency service
- employment service
- essential services
- evasion of military service
- exigency of service
- expatriate advisory service
- expert services
- expiration of service
- export services
- extension of the services of an expert
- extension services
- Federal Security Service
- field services
- financial services
- foreign intelligence service
- foreign service
- functional services
- government foreign services
- government service
- great services to the state
- guidance and counseling services
- health services
- honorable service
- information service
- integrated services
- intelligence service
- Internal Revenue Service
- international civil service
- international information service
- investment services
- joint service
- labor service
- language services
- legal services
- length of labor service
- liable for military service
- local service
- long service
- long-distance telephone service
- mail and messenger service
- management consulting services
- management information service
- management services
- maternity and child care service
- medical service
- memorial service
- merchant service
- messenger service
- meteorological service
- military service
- moral objection to compulsory military service
- municipal services
- national services
- Naval Investigative Service
- on active service
- operational service
- outstanding services
- oversea service
- period of service
- personal services
- postal services
- pouch service
- press service
- procurement services
- provision of consultative services
- public health service
- public service
- radio service
- rear services
- religious service
- reporting services
- round-the-world service
- sanitary services
- Secret Service
- security service
- selective service
- separation from the service
- service with the colors
- services to foreign troops
- short-term advisory services
- social service
- social welfare services
- special service
- state security service
- state service
- statistical service
- subcontracted services
- tangible services
- technical services
- technical training services
- through service
- UN civil service
- uninterrupted length of service
- universal military service
- voluntary national service
- war service 2. v1) обслуживать; оказывать услугу• -
98 computer
1) компьютер; вычислительная машина; ЭВМ; вычислительное устройство; вычислитель; редк. процессор2) редк. счётная машина (см. тж calculator, machine)•- adaptive computer
- airborne computer
- all-applications computer
- all-purpose computer
- alternating-current analog computer
- analog computer
- analog-digital computer
- arbitrary sequence computer
- associative computer
- asynchronous computer
- automotive computer
- baby-sized computer
- back-end computer
- batch-oriented computer
- battery-operated computer
- binary computer
- binary-transfer computer
- board computer
- boutique computer
- brand-name computer
- breadboard computer
- buffered computer
- business computer
- business-oriented computer
- byte computer
- byte-organized computer
- byte-oriented computer
- cassette-based computer
- census computer
- central computer
- character-oriented computer
- chemical-based computer
- chess computer
- CISC computer
- commercial computer
- commodity computer
- communication computer
- communications oriented computer
- compatible computer
- complete-instruction-set computer
- concurrent computer
- consecutive computer
- consecutive sequence computer
- continuously acting computer
- control computer
- control flow computer
- correlation computer
- coupled computers
- cryogenic computer
- cryotron computer
- custom computer
- database computer
- data-flow computer
- decimal computer
- dedicated computer
- desk computer
- desk-size computer
- desk-top computer
- dialing set computer
- dial set computer
- digital computer
- direct execution computer
- direct-analogy computer
- direct-current computer
- diskless computer
- distributed logic computer
- drum computer
- dual-processor computer
- education computer
- electromechanical analog computer
- electronic tube computer
- electron tube computer
- electronic computer
- end-user computer
- ever-faster computer
- externally programmed computer
- fault-tolerant computer
- fifth-generation computer
- file computer
- first-generation computer
- fixed word-length computer
- fixed-point computer
- fixed-program computer
- flat screen computer
- floating-point computer
- fluid computer
- four-address computer
- fourth-generation computer
- fractional computer
- front-end computer
- gateway computer
- general-purpose computer
- giant computer
- giant-powered computer
- giant-scale computer
- giant-size computer
- gigacycle computer
- gigahertz computer
- guidance computer
- handheld computer
- high-end computer
- high-function computer
- high-level language computer
- high-level computer
- highly parallel computer
- high-performance computer
- high-speed computer
- hobby computer
- home banking computer
- home computer
- host computer
- hybrid computer
- IBM-compatible computer
- IC computer
- incompatible computer
- incremental computer
- industrial computer
- integrated circuit computer
- interface computer
- interim computer
- intermediate computer
- internally programmed computer
- Internet computer
- keyboard computer
- kid computer
- laptop computer
- large computer
- large-powered computer
- large-scale computer
- large-scale integration circuit computer
- large-size computer
- laser computer
- linkage computer
- local computer
- logical computer
- logic computer
- logic-controlled sequential computer
- logic-in-memory computer
- low-end computer
- low-profile computer
- low-speed computer
- LSI computer
- mainframe computer
- massively parallel computer
- master computer
- mechanical computer
- medium computer
- medium-powered computer
- medium-size computer
- medium-speed computer
- medium-to-large scale computer
- mediun-scale computer
- megacycle computer
- megahertz computer
- microprogrammable computer
- microwave computer
- mid-range computer
- molecular computer
- monoprocessor computer
- multiaddress computer
- multi-MIPS computer
- multiple-access computer
- multiple-user computer
- multiprocessor computer
- multiprogrammed computer
- multipurpose computer
- multiradix computer
- navigation computer
- net node computer
- networked computer
- N-node computer
- no-address computer
- node computer
- nonsequential computer
- nonstop computer
- non-von Neumann computer
- notebook computer
- object computer
- office computer
- off-the-shelf computer
- one-address computer
- one-and-half-address computer
- one-on-one computer
- one-purpose computer
- optical computer
- optical path computer
- original computer
- palm-size computer - parallel-processing computer
- parallel-serial computer
- parametric-electronic computer
- parametron computer
- pen-based computer
- pentop computer
- perihperal support computer
- peripheral computer
- personal computer
- pictorial computer
- pipeline computer
- plugboard computer
- plug-compatible computer
- plugged program computer
- pneumatic computer
- pocket computer
- Polish-string computer
- polynomial computer
- portable computer
- process control computer
- production control computer
- professional computer
- professional personal computer
- program-compatible computer
- program-controlled computer
- programmed computer
- punch-card computer
- rack-size computer
- radix two computer
- real-time computer
- recovering computer
- reduced instruction set computer
- reduction computer
- remote computer
- repetitive computer
- RISC computer
- satellite computer
- scientific computer
- second-generation computer
- secondhand computer
- self-adapting computer
- self-organizing computer
- self-programming computer
- self-repairing computer
- self-repair computer
- sensor-based computer
- sequence-controlled computer
- sequenced computer
- sequential computer
- serial computer
- service computer
- service-oriented computer
- SIMD computer
- simultaneous-operation computer
- simultaneous computer
- single-address computer
- single-board computer
- single-purpose computer
- single-user computer
- slave computer
- small computer
- small-powered computer
- small-scale computer
- small-size computer
- soft-compatible computer
- solid-state computer
- SOS computer
- source computer
- space computer
- spaceborne computer
- special-purpose computer
- special computer
- square-root computer
- stack-oriented computer
- standby computer
- statistical computer
- steering computer
- stored-program computer
- subscriber computer
- super computer
- superconductive computer
- superhigh-speed computer
- superpersonal computer
- superspeed computer
- supervisory computer
- switch-control computer
- switching computer
- symbolic computer
- synchronous computer
- synchronous tracking computer
- tagged computer
- talking computer
- target computer
- technical computer
- technical personal computer
- terminal computer
- terminal control computer
- ternary-transfer computer
- tessellated computer
- thermal computer
- thin-film memory computer
- third-generation computer
- three-address computer
- three-dimensional analog computer
- timeshared computer
- top level computer
- top-of-the-line computer
- toy computer
- training computer
- transformation computer
- transistorized computer
- transistor computer
- translating computer
- tridimensional analog computer
- trip computer
- truth-table computer
- Turing-type computer
- two-address computer
- ultrafast computer
- underlying computer
- user computer
- vacuum tube computer
- variable word-length computer
- very-high-speed computer
- video-and-cassette-based computer
- virtual computer
- von Neumann computer
- wearable computer
- weather computer
- wired-program computer
- word-oriented computer
- workgroup computer
- X-computer
- zero-address computerEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > computer
-
99 manual
устав; наставление; руководство; строевые приемы; неавтоматический; ручной; см. тж. regulationssecret services manual (stabilization operations, intelligence) — руководство секретной службы (по стабилизации обстановки и разведке)
-
100 rate
число, количество; степень; скорость; темп; норма; коэффициент; квота; производить оценку; классифицировать; подразделять на категории; аттестовыватьtracking (barrel) elevating rate — скорость наводки (ствола) в вертикальной плоскости в режиме сопровождения (цели)
tracking (barrel) traversing rate — скорость наводки (ствола) в горизонтальной плоскости в режиме сопровождения (цели)
— alert readiness rate— climbing rate— hit rate— jamming suppression rate— pitching rate— reinforcement build-up rate— replacement support rate— rolling rate— war rate— yawing rate
См. также в других словарях:
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