-
21 prō-doceō
prō-doceō —, —, ēre, to teach openly, proclaim: haec Ianus summus ab imo Prodocet, H. -
22 sūfes
sūfes (not suffes), etis, m, = sōphēs (Phoenician), in Carthage, a judge, chief magistrate, sufet: sufetes eorum, qui summus Poenis est magistratus, L.* * * -
23 summa
summa ae, f [summus; sc. res], the top, summit ; hence, fig., the chief place, highest rank, leadership, supremacy: vobis summam ordinis concedere: summam imperi tenere, the supreme power, Cs.: ad te summa solum rerum redit, T.: totius belli, the command in chief, Cs.— The main thing, chief point, principal matter, sum, essence, substance: leges non perfectae... sed ipsae summae rerum atque sententiae, the main points: lectis rerum summis, L.: haec summa est; hic nostri nuntius esto, V.: summa est, si curaris, ut, etc.: universi belli, the main issue of the war, L.: ad summam rerum consulere, for the general welfare, Cs.: ad discrimen summā rerum adductā, to a general engagement, L.: remittendo de summā quisque iuris, extreme right, L.: summa ducum Atrides, the flower of leaders, O.— An amount, sum, aggregate, whole, quantity: de summā mali detrahere: summa cogitationum mearum omnium: summa exercitūs salva, the main body of the army, Cs.—In reckoning, the amount, sum, total, aggregate: addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat: subducamus summam.—Of money, a sum, amount: pecuniae summam quantam imperaverit, parum convenit, L.: pecuniae summa homines movit, L.—With ellips. of pecuniae: De summā nihil decedet, T.: hac summā redempti, L.—In the phrase, ad summam, on the whole, generally, in short, in a word: ille adfirmabat... ad summam; non posse istaec sic abire: Ad summam; sapiens, etc., to sum up, H.—In the phrase, in summā, in all, in fine: absolutus, in summā, quattuor sententiis: in omni summā.* * *sum; summary; chief point, essence, principal matter, substance; total -
24 summē
summē adv. [summus], in the highest degree, extremely: me sollicitare: iucundum: locus munitus, H.: haec omnia laudanda.— Most eagerly, very earnestly: cum a me peteret et summe contenderet, ut, etc.* * *in the highest degree; intensely; superlatively well, consummately -
25 summum
-
26 superus
superus adj. [super].— Posit, that is above, upper, higher: ad superos deos potius quam ad inferos pervenisse: spectatores superarum rerum atque caelestium: Omnes caelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes, V.: deorum domus, O.: mare, i. e. the Adriatic and Ionian Sea (opp. mare inferum, the lower or Etruscan Sea): superas evadere ad auras, i. e. of the upper world, V.: aurae, O.— Plur m. as subst. (with gen plur. superūm, V., O.), they who are above (opp. inferi): multum fleti ad superos, i. e. the living, V.—Esp., the gods above, celestial deities: Quae superi manesque dabant, V.: Pro superi, O.: Contemptrix superum, O.: superis deorum Gratus et imis, H.— Plur n. as subst, the heavenly bodies, celestial things: lunam, stellas, supera denique omnia stare censet.— Higher places (sc. loca): supera semper petunt, tend upwards: supera ardua linquens, the upper world, V.—Comp. superior, n us, gen. ōris, of place, higher, upper: superiorem partem collis castris compleverant, Cs.: tota domus vacat superior, the upper part of: labrum superius, the upper lip, Cs.: de loco superiore dicere, i. e. from the tribunal: causam cum agam de loco superiore, i. e. from the rostra: multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos, i. e. in formal discourses and in conversation: ex loco superiore proeliabantur, from an eminence, Cs.: ex superiore et ex inferiore scripturā docendum, what is written above and below, i. e. the context: posteriori superius non iungitur. — Plur n. as subst: superiora muri, the upper parts (opp. ima), Cu.—Of time or order, former, past, previous, preceding: superiores solis defectiones: superioribus diebus, Cs.: in superiore vitā: pars legis: superius facinus novo scelere vincere: superioris more crudelitatis uti, N.: nuptiae, former marriage: vir, first husband.—Of age, older, elder, senior, more advanced, former: omnis iuventus omnesque superioris aetatis, Cs.: superior Africanus, the Elder.—Plur. m. as subst, elders, older men: superiorum aetas.—Fig., in a contest, victorious, conquering, stronger, superior: hostīs equitatu superiores esse intellegebat, Cs.: se quo impudentius egerit, hoc superiorem discessurum: semper discessit superior, N.: superiorem Appium in causā fecit, L.—Of quality or condition, higher, more distinguished, greater, better, superior: ii, qui superiores sunt, submittere se debent in amicitiā: premendoque superiorem sese extollebat, L.: pecuniis: honoris gradu.—Sup. suprēmus, highest, loftiest, topmost (poet.; cf. summus).—Partit.: clamore supremos Inplerunt montīs, the mountain-tops, V.: supremo In monte, on the summit, H.—Fig., of time or order, last, latest, extreme, final: Supremo te sole domi manebo, at sunset, H.: in te suprema salus, last hope, V.: Supremam bellis imposuisse manum, the finishing hand, O.—Of rank or degree, highest, greatest, most exalted, supreme, extreme: supreme Iuppiter, T.: macies, V.— The last of life, last, closing, dying, final: supremo vitae die: amplissime supremo suo die efferri: nec... Supremā citius die, i. e. not until death, H.: supplicium, i. e. the penalty of death: iter, H.: lumen, V.: sociam tori vocat ore supremo, with dying breath, O.: honor, i. e. the funeral rites, V.: tori, i. e. biers, O.: Troiae sorte supremā, V.—As subst n.: Ventum ad supremum est, to the last moment, V.: suprema ferre, i. e. the funeral offerings, V.* * *Isupera -um, superior -or -us, supremus -a -um ADJabove, high; higher, upper, of this world; greatest, last, highestIIgods (pl.) on high, celestial deities; those above -
27 accumbo
ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.I.In gen. (so very rare):II.in via,
Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;of one swimming: summis in undis,
Manil. 5, 429.—In part.A.To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;B.hence, in sinu accumbere,
Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:hoc age, adcumbe,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:cotidianis epulis in robore,
Cic. Mur. 74:in convivio,
id. Verr. 1, 66:in epulo,
Cic. Vatin. 12:epulis,
Verg. A. 1, 79;tecum,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82. -
28 adcumbo
ac-cumbo ( adc.), cŭbui, cŭbĭtum, 3, v. n., to lay one's self down at a place; and hence, to lie somewhere.I.In gen. (so very rare):II.in via,
Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 13;of one swimming: summis in undis,
Manil. 5, 429.—In part.A.To recline at table, in the manner in which the Romans (and finally even the Roman women, Val. Max. 2, 1, 2) reclined, after luxury and effeminacy had become prevalent. While they extended the lower part of the body upon the couch (triclinium, lectus triclinaris), they supported the upper part by the left arm upon a cushion (or upon the bosom of the one nearest;B.hence, in sinu accumbere,
Liv. 39, 43; cf. anakeisthai = einai en tôi kolpôi tinos, Ev. Ioh. 13, 23), the right hand only being used in taking food:hoc age, adcumbe,
Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 15; so id. Most. 1, 3, 150, etc.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31; id. Mur. 35; Liv. 28, 18; c. acc.: mensam, Att. ap. Non. 415, 26; Lucil. Sat. 13; ib. 511, 16:cotidianis epulis in robore,
Cic. Mur. 74:in convivio,
id. Verr. 1, 66:in epulo,
Cic. Vatin. 12:epulis,
Verg. A. 1, 79;tecum,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 75; absol., Cic. Deiot. 17.—Since three persons usually reclined upon such a couch (cf. Cic. Pis. 27), these expressions arose: in summo (or superiorem, also supra), medium and imum (or infra) adcumbere; and the series began on the left side, since they lay supported by the left arm. The whole arrangement is explained by the following figure: Among the three lecti, the lectus medius was the most honorable; and on each lectus, the locus medius was more honorable than the summus; and this had the preference to the imus or ultimus. The consul or other magistrate usually sat as imus of the lectus medius (fig. no. 6), in order that, by his position at the corner, he might be able, without trouble, to attend to any official business that might occur. The place no. 7 seems, for a similar reason, to have been taken by the host. See on this subject Salmas. Sol. p. 886; Smith's Antiq.; Becker's Gall. 3, p. 206 sq. (2d ed.); and Orell. excurs. ad Hor. S. 2, 8, 20. This statement explains the passages in Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 14; id. Most. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 3, 2, 37, etc.; Cic. Att. 1, 9; id. Fam. 9, 26; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 702; Hor. S. 2, 8, 20.—In mal. part. (rarely), Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 73; Men. 3, 2, 11; 5, 9, 82. -
29 adgnosco
agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).I.As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:B.virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,
and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,
Quint. 8, 3, 71:cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,
id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,
Liv. 7, 39:veterem amicum,
Verg. A. 3, 82:matrem,
id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,
Tac. G. 5:agnoscent Britanni suam causam,
id. Agr. 32:nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,
id. Or. 21:quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,
Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:II.natum,
Nep. Ages. 1, 4:Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,
Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?
will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:agnoscere bonorum possessionem,
to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):agnoscere aes alienum,
ib. 28, 5, 1:facti gloriam,
Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,
id. Rab. Perd. 6:fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,
Tac. A. 6, 8:sortilegos,
Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,
id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;si irascare, agnita videntur,
Tac. A. 4, 34.—To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,
Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,
Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:accipio agnoscoque deos,
Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,
Tac. H. 2, 68:Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,
id. A. 2, 21:terram non agnoscebant,
Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,
Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,
understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19. -
30 adnosco
agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).I.As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:B.virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,
and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,
Quint. 8, 3, 71:cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,
id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,
Liv. 7, 39:veterem amicum,
Verg. A. 3, 82:matrem,
id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,
Tac. G. 5:agnoscent Britanni suam causam,
id. Agr. 32:nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,
id. Or. 21:quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,
Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:II.natum,
Nep. Ages. 1, 4:Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,
Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?
will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:agnoscere bonorum possessionem,
to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):agnoscere aes alienum,
ib. 28, 5, 1:facti gloriam,
Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,
id. Rab. Perd. 6:fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,
Tac. A. 6, 8:sortilegos,
Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,
id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;si irascare, agnita videntur,
Tac. A. 4, 34.—To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,
Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,
Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:accipio agnoscoque deos,
Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,
Tac. H. 2, 68:Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,
id. A. 2, 21:terram non agnoscebant,
Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,
Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,
understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19. -
31 adprimus
ap-prīmus (better adp-), a, um, adj. (ad intens.), the very first; only once in Liv. Andron.:A.Ibidemque vir summus adprimus Patroclus,
Gell. 6, 7, 11.—Hence, ap-prīmē ( adp-), adv., first of all, before all, especially, exceedingly, very (most freq. in ante- and post-class. per.; in the class. per. only in Nep. Att. 13, 4; for in Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 32, the reading should be a primo; v. Madv. ad h. l.; syn.: in primis, praecipue, ante omnia); with adjj. and verbs.With adjj.:B.adprime nobilis,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 6; so Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 30:adprime probus,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 30:adprime probo (genere),
id. Trin. 2, 2, 92:utile,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 34:obsequens,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 5 (vehementissime, Don.):adprime doctus,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17: adprime boni, * Nep. Att. 13, 3.—Once with the sup.: adprime summo genere gnatus, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 7, 11, 7.—With verbs (post-class.): adprime potuit obtingere Socrati, App. de Deo Socr. fin.; so id. Flor. 3 (in Verg. G. 2, 134, the reading of Servius and Arus. Mess. p. 214 Lind. is: flos apprima tenax; apprima being here used as adv., like acerba, acuta al.; for which, however, the best MSS. and editt. have ad prima; v. Wagn. and Rib. ad h. l.). -
32 aer
āēr, āĕris, m. (in Enn. once fem., Gell. 13, 20, 14, as also aêr in Gr., in the earliest per, was fem., Gr. gen. aëros, Stat. Th. 2, 693; Gr. acc. aëra, Cic., Sen., Plin.;II.pure Lat. form, āĕrem,
Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cato ap. Serv ad Verg. A. 10, 184; Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3; plur nom. and acc. āĕres, Vitr. 11; later āĕra, Ven. Fort. Carm 9, 1, 141, dat. āĕribus, Lucr. 4, 289; 5, 643), = aêr, the air, properly the lower atmosphere (in distinction from aether, the upper pure air):istic est is Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci vocant Aërem, qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea, Atque ex imbre frigus, ventus post fit, aër denuo, Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Epicharm. v. 9 Vahl.,: terra circumfusa undique est hac animall spirabilique naturā, cui nomen est aër, Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum jam tamen usu a nostris, tritum est enim pro Latino,
Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91:itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra primae sunt,
id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:Anaximenes aëra Deum statuit,
id. N. D. 1, 10:aërem in perniciem vertere,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3 al. —Also in plur.: aëribus binis, Lucr 4, 291: aëres locorum salubres aut pestilentes, Vitr 1, 1 fin. —Transf.A.Poet.: aër summus arboris, the airy summit, for the highest point, Verg. G. 2, 123; cf. Juv. 6, 99.—B.Also poet. for a cloud, vapor, mist:C.Venus obscuro gradientes aëre sepsit,
Verg. A. 1, 411: aëre septus, Val Fl. 5,401—With limiting adj. = the weather:1.crassus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. fusus et extenuatus, id. N. D. 2, 39 purus et tenuis, id. ib. 2, 16 temperatus, id. Div 2, 42 -
33 aeris
āēr, āĕris, m. (in Enn. once fem., Gell. 13, 20, 14, as also aêr in Gr., in the earliest per, was fem., Gr. gen. aëros, Stat. Th. 2, 693; Gr. acc. aëra, Cic., Sen., Plin.;II.pure Lat. form, āĕrem,
Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cato ap. Serv ad Verg. A. 10, 184; Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3; plur nom. and acc. āĕres, Vitr. 11; later āĕra, Ven. Fort. Carm 9, 1, 141, dat. āĕribus, Lucr. 4, 289; 5, 643), = aêr, the air, properly the lower atmosphere (in distinction from aether, the upper pure air):istic est is Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci vocant Aërem, qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea, Atque ex imbre frigus, ventus post fit, aër denuo, Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Epicharm. v. 9 Vahl.,: terra circumfusa undique est hac animall spirabilique naturā, cui nomen est aër, Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum jam tamen usu a nostris, tritum est enim pro Latino,
Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91:itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra primae sunt,
id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:Anaximenes aëra Deum statuit,
id. N. D. 1, 10:aërem in perniciem vertere,
Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3 al. —Also in plur.: aëribus binis, Lucr 4, 291: aëres locorum salubres aut pestilentes, Vitr 1, 1 fin. —Transf.A.Poet.: aër summus arboris, the airy summit, for the highest point, Verg. G. 2, 123; cf. Juv. 6, 99.—B.Also poet. for a cloud, vapor, mist:C.Venus obscuro gradientes aëre sepsit,
Verg. A. 1, 411: aëre septus, Val Fl. 5,401—With limiting adj. = the weather:1.crassus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. fusus et extenuatus, id. N. D. 2, 39 purus et tenuis, id. ib. 2, 16 temperatus, id. Div 2, 42 -
34 agnosco
agnosco ( adgn-; also adn-; cf. Wagn. Orthog. Verg. p. 407), nōvi, nitum (like cognĭtum from cognosco; cf. pejĕro and dejĕro from jūro), 3, v. a. [ad, intens. -gnosco, nosco] ( part. perf. agnōtus, Pac. ap. Prisc. p. 887 P.; part. fut. act. agnoturus, Sall. H. Fragm. 2, 31; cf. Diom. 383 P.; class.; used very freq. by Cicero).I.As if to know a person or thing well, as having known it before, to recognize: agnoscere always denotes a subjective knowledge or recognition; while cognoscere designates an objective perception; another distinction v. in II.): in turbā Oresti cognitā agnota est soror, was recognized by Orestes as his sister, Pac. ap. Prisc. 887 P.:B.virtus cum se extollit et ostendit suum lumen et idem aspexit agnovitque in alio,
and when she has perceived the same in another, and has recognized it, Cic. Lael. 27, 100:id facillime accipiunt animi, quod agnoscunt,
Quint. 8, 3, 71:cum se collegit (animus) atque recreavit, tum agnoscit illa reminiscendo,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 58:quod mihi de filiā gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,
id. Fam. 1, 7 (cf. on the contr. id. ib. 5, 2, where Cic., speaking of himself, says: Cognosce nunc humanitatem meam, learn from this, etc.):nomine audito extemplo agnovere virum,
Liv. 7, 39:veterem amicum,
Verg. A. 3, 82:matrem,
id. ib. 1, 405: Figulum in patriam suam venisse atque ibi agnosci, and is there recognized (by those who had already known him), Quint. 7, 2, 26:formas quasdam nostrae pecuniae agnoscunt,
Tac. G. 5:agnoscent Britanni suam causam,
id. Agr. 32:nitorem et altitudinem horum temporum agnoscimus,
id. Or. 21:quam (tunicam) cum agnovisset pater,
Vulg. Gen. 37, 33.—Transf., as a result of this knowledge or recognition, to declare, announce, allow, or admit a thing to be one's own, to acknowledge, own: qui mihi tantum tribui dicis, quantum ego nec agnosco ( neither can admit as due to me) nec postulo, Cic. Lael. 9:II.natum,
Nep. Ages. 1, 4:Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur Juppiter esse suam,
Ov. M. 13, 27 (cf. in Pandects, 25, Tit. 3:de agnoscendis vel alendis liberis): an me non agnoscetis ducem?
will you not acknowledge me as your general? Liv. 6, 7:agnoscere bonorum possessionem,
to declare the property as one's own, to lay claim to it, Dig. 26, 8, 11 (cf. agnitio, I.):agnoscere aes alienum,
ib. 28, 5, 1:facti gloriam,
Cic. Mil. 14 fin.:susciperem hoc crimen, agnoscerem, confiterer,
id. Rab. Perd. 6:fortasse minus expediat agnoscere crimen quam abnuere,
Tac. A. 6, 8:sortilegos,
Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132: et ego ipse me non esse verborum admodum inopem agnosco, and I myself confess, allow, etc., id. Fam. 4, 4:id ego agnovi meo jussu esse factum,
id. ib. 5, 20, 3: carmina spreta exolescunt;si irascare, agnita videntur,
Tac. A. 4, 34.—To understand, recognize, know, perceive by, from, or through something:ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memoriā rerum et inventione, vim divinam mentis agnoscito,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 70; id. Planc. 14, 35:ex fructu arbor agnoscitur,
Vulg. Matt. 12, 33:inde agnosci potest vis fortunae,
Vell. 2, 116, 3.—Also, absol.: Augusti laudes agnoscere possis, you can recognize the praises of Augustus, * Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 29:accipio agnoscoque deos,
Verg. A. 12, 260 (cf. accipio):agniti dempsere sollicitudinem,
Tac. H. 2, 68:Germanicus, quo magis agnosceretur, detraxerat tegimen,
id. A. 2, 21:terram non agnoscebant,
Vulg. Act. 27, 39.—In gen., to become acquainted with, to know; to perceive, apprehend, understand, discern, remark, see:quin puppim flectis, Ulixe, Auribus ut nostros possis agnoscere cantus,
Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 49 (as transl. of Hom. Od. 12, 185, Nêa katastêson, hina nôïterên op akousêis):haec dicta sunt subtilius ab Epicuro quam ut quivis ea possit agnoscere,
understand, id. N. D. 1, 18, 49; Verg. A. 10, 843; Phaedr. 2, 5, 19:alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus,
Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19. -
35 altus
1.altus, a, um, participle from alo., lit., grown or become great, great (altus ab alendo dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 7 Müll.; cf. the Germ. gross with the Engl. grow), a polar word meaning both high and deep.A.Seen from below upwards, high.I.Lit.: IN ALTOD MARID PVCNANDOD, etc., Columna Duilii; so, maria alta, Liv. Andron. ap. Macr. S. 6, 5, 10; id. ib. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.: aequor, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 23 Müll.: parietes, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44:II.sub ramis arboris altae,
Lucr. 2, 30:acervus,
id. 3, 198 al.:columellam tribus cubitis ne altiorem,
Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:altior illis Ipsa dea est colloque tenus supereminet omnes,
taller, Ov. M. 3, 181:altis de montibus,
Verg. E. 1, 83:umbras Altorum nemorum,
Ov. M. 1, 591 al. —With the acc. of measure:clausi lateribus pedem altis,
a foot high, Sall. H. Fragm. 4, 39 Gerl.; cf. Lind. C. Gr. I. p. 215.—With gen.:triglyphi alti unius et dimidiati moduli, lati in fronte unius moduli,
Vitr. 4, 3:majorem turrim altam cubitorum CXX.,
id. 10, 5:alta novem pedum,
Col. 8, 14, 1:singula latera pedum lata tricenum, alta quinquagenum,
Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 4.—Trop., high, lofty, elevated, great, magnanimous, high-minded, noble, august, etc.:(α).altissimus dignitatis gradus,
Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 14; so id. Clu. 55; id. Dom. 37.—Of mind or thought:te natura excelsum quendam videlicet et altum et humana despicientem genuit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:homo sapiens et altā mente praeditus,
highminded, id. Mil. 8:qui altiore animo sunt,
id. Fin. 5, 20, 57 al. —So of gods, or persons elevated in birth, rank, etc.;also of things personified: rex aetheris altus Juppiter,
Verg. A. 12, 140:Apollo,
id. ib. 10, 875:Caesar,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 37:Aeneas, i. e. deā natus,
id. S. 2, 5, 62:Roma,
Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 33:Carthago,
Prop. 2, 1, 23 al. —Of the voice, high, shrill, loud, clear:Conclamate iterum altiore voce,
Cat. 42, 18:haec fatus altā voce,
Sen. Troad. 196:altissimus sonus,
Quint. 11, 3, 23 (cf.:vox magna,
Ov. Tr. 4, 9, 24; Juv. 4, 32).— Subst.: altum, i, n., a height:sic est hic ordo (senatorius) quasi propositus atque editus in altum,
on high, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 98:aedificia in altum edita,
Tac. H. 3, 71:quidquid in altum Fortuna tulit, ruitura levat,
Sen. Agam. 100.—Esp.(Sc. caelum.) The height of heaven, high heaven, the heavens:(β).ex alto volavit avis,
Enn. Ann. 1, 108:haec ait, et Maiā genitum demisit ab alto,
Verg. A. 1, 297.—Still more freq.,(Sc. mare.) The high sea, the deep, the sea: rapit ex alto navīs velivolas, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 224:B.ubi sumus provecti in altum, capiunt praedones navem illam, ubi vectus fui,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 39; so id. Men. 1, 2, 2; id. Rud. prol. 66; 2, 3, 64:terris jactatus et alto,
Verg. A. 1, 3:in altum Vela dabant,
id. ib. 1, 34:collectae ex alto nubes,
id. G. 1, 324:urget ab alto Notus,
id. ib. 1, 443 al.:alto mersā classe,
Sil. 6, 665:ab illā parte urbis navibus aditus ex alto est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32:in alto jactari,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 95:naves nisi in alto constitui non poterant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 24:naves in altum provectae,
id. ib. 4, 28: scapha in altum navigat, Sall. Fragm.—So in the plur.:alta petens,
Verg. A. 7, 362.— Trop.:quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 6:imbecillitas... in altum provehitur imprudens,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:te quasi quidam aestus ingenii tui in altum abstraxit,
id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—Seen from above downwards, deep, profound.I.Lit. (hence sometimes opp. summus): Acherusia templa alta Orci, salvete, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 81; Cic. Tusc. 1, 21, 48:II.quom ex alto puteo sursum ad summum escenderis,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 14:altissimae radices,
Cic. Phil. 4, 5:altae stirpes,
id. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:altissima flumina,
Caes. B. C. 3, 77:altior aqua,
id. ib. 1, 25:alta theatri Fundamenta,
Verg. A. 1, 427:gurgite in alto,
in the deep whirlpool, id. E. 6, 76:altum vulnus,
id. A. 10, 857; Petr. 136; Sen. Troad. 48:altum totā metitur cuspide pectus,
Sil. 4, 292; so id. 6, 580 al.:unde altior esset Casus,
Juv. 10, 106.—With the abl. of measure:faciemus (scrobes) tribus pedibus altas,
Pall. Jan. 10, 3.—Trop. (more freq. in and after the Aug. per.), deep, profound:C.somno quibus est opus alto,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 8; so Liv. 7, 35:sopor,
Verg. A. 8, 27:quies,
id. ib. 6, 522:silentium,
id. ib. 10, 63; Quint. 10, 3, 22:altissima tranquillitas,
Plin. Ep. 2, 1:altissima eruditio,
id. ib. 4, 30:altiores artes,
Quint. 8, 3, 2.— Subst.: altum, i, n., the depth, i. e. what is deep or far removed:ex alto dissimulare,
Ov. Am. 2, 4, 16:non ex alto venire nequitiam, sed summo, quod aiunt, animo inhaerere,
Sen. Ira, 1, 16 med. al.—Hence, ex alto repetere, or petere, in discourse, to bring from far; as P. a., farfetched:quae de nostris officiis scripserim, quoniam ex alto repetita sunt,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5:quid causas petis ex alto?
Verg. A. 8, 395 (cf.:alte repetere in the same sense,
Cic. Sest. 13; id. Rep. 4, 4, and v. al. infra).—Poet., in reference to a distant (past) time: cur vetera tam ex alto appetissis discidia, Agamemno? Att. ap. Non. 237, 22 (altum: vetus, antiquum, Non.); cf. Verg. G. 4, 285.—With the access. idea of venerable (cf. antiquus), ancient, old:A. I.genus alto a sanguine Teucri,
Verg. A. 6, 500:Thebanā de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti,
id. ib. 9, 697;genus Clauso referebat ab alto,
Ov. F. 4, 305:altā gente satus,
Val. Fl. 3, 202:altis inclitum titulis genus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 338.— Adv.: altē, and very rarely altum, high, deep (v. supra, altus, P. a. init.).Lit.:II.alte ex tuto prospectum aucupo,
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 188 Rib.:colomen alte geminis aptum cornibus,
id. ib. p. 221:alte jubatos angues,
Naev. ib. p. 9:jubar erigere alte,
Lucr. 4, 404:roseā sol alte lampade lucens,
id. 5, 610:in vineā ficos subradito alte, ne eas vitis scandat,
Cato, R. R. 50:cruentum alte extollens pugionem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 28: non animadvertis cetarios escendere in malum alte, ut perspiciant pisces? Varr. ap. Non. 49, 15:(aër) tollit se ac rectis ita faucibus eicit alte,
Lucr. 6, 689:dextram Entellus alte extulit,
Verg. A. 5, 443:alte suras vincire cothurno,
high up, id. ib. 1, 337:puer alte cinctus,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 10, and Sen. Ep. 92:unda alte subjectat arenam,
Verg. G. 3, 240:Nihil tam alte natura constituit, quo virtus non possit eniti,
Curt. 7, 11, 10: alte maesti in terram cecidimus, from on high, Varr. ap. Non. 79, 16:eo calcem cribro succretam indito alte digitos duo,
to the height of two fingers, Cato, R. R. 18, 7; so Col. R. R. 5, 6, 6.— Comp.:quae sunt humiliora neque se tollere a terrā altius possunt,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:tollam altius tectum,
id. Har. Resp. 15, 33:altius praecincti,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 5:pullus in arvis altius ingreditur,
Verg. G. 3, 75:caput altius effert,
id. ib. 3, 553:altius atque cadant imbres,
id. E. 6, 38 ubi v. Forb.:altius aliquid tenere,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 5.— Sup.: [p. 96] cum altissime volāsset (aquila), Suet. Aug. 94.—Trop.:B. I.alte natus,
Albin. 1, 379 (cf.: altus Aeneas, supra, P. a., A. II.):alte enim cadere non potest,
Cic. Or. 28, 98:video te alte spectare,
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; id. Rep. 6, 23, 25.— Comp.:altius se efferre,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25; 3, 3, 4:altius irae surgunt ductori,
Verg. A. 10, 813:altius aliquid agitare,
Cels. 1 prooem.:attollitur vox altius,
Quint. 11, 3, 65:verbis altius atque altius insurgentibus,
id. 8, 4, 27.— Sup.:Ille dies virtutem Catonis altissime illuminavit,
Vell. 2, 35:ingenium altissime adsurgit,
Plin. Ep. 8, 4.—Lit.:II.ablaqueato ficus non alte,
Cato, R. R. 36:ferrum haud alte in corpus descendere,
Liv. 1, 41:alte vulnus adactum,
Verg. A. 10, 850; Ov. M. 6, 266; Curt. 4, 6, 18; Cels. 5, 26, 30:timidum caput abdidit alte,
Verg. G. 3, 422:alte consternunt terram frondes,
deeply strew, id. A. 4, 443:ut petivit Suspirium alte!
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 58 (cf.:ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo,
Verg. A. 1, 485):inter cupam pertundito alte digitos primorīs tres,
Cato, R. R. 21, 2:minimum alte pedem,
Col. de Arb. 30.— Comp.:ne radices altius agant,
Col. 5, 6, 8:terra altius effossa,
Quint. 10, 3, 2:cum sulcus altius esset impressus,
Cic. Div. 2, 23, 50:frigidus imber Altius ad vivum persedit, Verg G. 3, 441: tracti altius gemitus,
Sen. Ira, 3, 4, 2.— Sup.:(latronibus gladium) altissime demergo,
App. M. 2, 32.—Trop., deeply, profoundly, far, from afar:2.privatus ut altum Dormiret,
Juv. 1, 16:alte terminus haerens,
Lucr. 1, 77:longo et alte petito prooemio respondere,
Cic. Clu. 21, 58:ratio alte petita,
Quint. 11, 1, 62:alte et a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18; id. Rep. 4, 4, 4; id. Sest. 13, 31.— Comp.:qui altius perspiciebant,
had a deeper insight, Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 19:quae principia sint, repetendum altius videtur,
must be sought out more deeply, id. Off. 1, 16:altius repetitae causae,
Quint. 11, 1, 62:de quo si paulo altius ordiri ac repetere memoriam religionis videbor,
Cic. Verr. 4, 105:Hisce tibi in rebus latest alteque videndum,
Lucr. 6, 647:altius supprimere iram,
Curt. 6, 7, 35:altius aliquem percellere,
Tac. A. 4, 54:altius metuere,
id. ib. 4, 41:altius animis maerere,
id. ib. 2, 82:cum verbum aliquod altius transfertur,
Cic. Or. 25, 82:Altius omnem Expediam primā repetens ab origine famam,
Verg. G. 4, 285;so,
Tac. H. 4, 12:altius aliquid persequi,
Plin. 2, 23, 31, § 35:hinc altius cura serpit,
id. 4, 11, 13, § 87.— Sup.:qui vir et quantus esset, altissime inspexi,
Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 5. -
36 amecus
1.ămīcus (old form ămēcus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), a, um, adj. [amo], friendly, kind, amicable, favorable, inclined to, liking; constr. with dat., Zumpt, Gram. §B.410: animo esse amico erga aliquem,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 29; Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:tribuni sunt nobis amici,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2 fin.:homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86:Pompeium tibi valde amicum esse cognovi,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5; id. Att. 9, 5:amicus non magis tyranno quam tyrannidi,
Nep. Dion, 3, 2; id. Att. 9:male numen amicum,
Verg. A. 2, 735; Ov. F. 3, 834:(Fortuna) amica varietati constantiam respuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 16:amica luto sus,
fond of, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 26.— Comp.:mihi nemo est amicior Attico,
Cic. Att. 16, 16:amicior Cilicum aerariis quam nostro,
id. ib. 7, 1, 6; id. Fam. 3, 2, 1.— Sup.:Deiotarum, fidelissimum regem atque amicissimum rei publicae nostrae,
Cic. Att. 15, 2, 2:cum summi viri, tum amicissimi,
id. Am. 2, 8:amicissimi viri,
Suet. Caes. 1:successor conjunctissimus et amicissimus,
Cic. Fam. 3, 3:hoc libro ad amicum amicissimus de amicitiā scripsi,
id. Am. 1, 5; 23, 88 (but the comp. and sup. may sometimes be rendered as belonging to 2. amicus, a greater friend, the greatest friend, as in Cic. Att. 16, 16, and Am. 1, 5; so in Gr. basileus etc.).—Of things, kindly, pleasing (mostly poet.;* C.so Cic. rarely): nihil homini amico est opportuno amicius,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 44:secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine,
Cic. Att. 12, 15:portus intramus amicos,
Verg. A. 5, 57: fessos opibus solatur amicis, id. [p. 106] ib. 5, 416:vento amico ferri,
Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 17:per amica silentia lunae,
Verg. A. 2, 255:amici imbres,
id. G. 4, 115:sidus amicum,
Hor. Epod. 10, 9:sol amicum tempus agens,
bringing the welcome hour, id. C. 3, 6, 43:tempus fraudibus amicum,
Stat. S. 5, 2, 39:brevitas postulatur, qui mihimet ipsi amicissima est,
Cic. Quinct. 34.—Amicum est mihi (after the Gr. philon esti moi; in pure Lat., mihi cordi est, etc.); with inf., it pleases me, it accords with my feelings:a.nec dis amicum est nec mihi te prius Obire,
Hor. C. 2, 17, 2.—Hence, adv., in a friendly manner, kindly, amicably.Old form ămīcĭter, Pac. ap. Non. 510, 26; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 3.—b.Class. form ămīcē:facis amice,
Cic. Am. 2, 9:haec accipienda amice,
id. ib. 24, 88; id. Fin. 1, 10; id. Off. 1, 26. —* Comp., Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 6.— Sup., Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 17.2.ămīcus, i, m. [from amo, as philos from phileô, and from ] ( gen. plur. amicūm, Ter. Heaut. prol. 24).A.A friend; constr. with gen. or poss. adj.; v. Zumpt, Gram. §B.410: est is (amicus) tamquam alter idem,
Cic. Am. 21, 80 (cf. id. ib. 25, 92; id. Off. 1, 17):amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar intuetur sui,
id. Am. 7, 23:Non tam utilitas parta per amicum, quam amici amor ipse delectat,
id. ib. 14, 51: Amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. ib. 17, 64:boni improbis, improbi bonis amici esse non possunt,
Cic. ib. 20, 74:ex omnibus saeculis vix tria aut quattuor nominantur paria amicorum,
id. ib. 4, 15:tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 54 and 57:vetus verbum hoc est, Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18:Respicis antiquum lassis in rebus amicum,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 93:Alba tuus antiquissimus non solum amicus, verum etiam amator,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.:hospitis et amici mei M. Pacuvii fabula,
id. Am. 7, 24:suis incommodis graviter angi non amicum sed se ipsum amantis est,
of one loving not his friend, but himself, id. ib. 3, 10:ab amicis honesta petere, amicorum causā honesta facere,
id. ib. 13, 44:paternus amicus ac pernecessarius,
id. Fl. 6, 14:amicus novus,
id. Am. 19, 67:vetus,
id. ib.; Verg. A. 3, 82; Hor. S. 2, 6, 81; Ov. P. 1, 6, 53:amici ac familiares veteres,
Suet. Tib. 55:aequaevus,
Verg. A. 5, 452:ardens,
id. ib. 9, 198:dulcis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 69; Ov. P. 1, 8, 31:carus,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 7:jucundus,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 93:amici jucundissimi et omnium horarum,
Suet. Tib. 42:amicus propior,
Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 2, 1; Vulg. Eccli. 6, 14:fidus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24:verus,
Cic. Am. 21, 82; Vulg. Eccli. 25, 12:mendax,
Hor. A. P. 425:secernere blandum amicum a vero,
Cic. Am. 25, 95:memor,
Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 33:summus,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:primus,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 65:amici tristes,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:maesti,
Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:dives,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 24:inops,
id. S. 1, 2, 5:inferioris ordinis amici,
Cic. Am. 19, 69:communes amici,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2:amice, salve!
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 12; so Cat. 55, 7; Verg. A. 6, 507; Hor. C. 2, 14, 6; and Vulg. Matt. 20, 13:magnanimi veritatis amici,
Cic. Off. 1, 19:amicos parare,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 39:amicos parare optimam vitae, ut ita dicam, supellectilem,
Cic. Am. 15, 55:minus amicorum habens,
Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 22:me unum atque unicum amicum habuit,
Cat. 73, 6;amicos habere,
Cic. Am. 11, 36; so Vulg. Prov. 22, 11:nos sibi amicos junget,
Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32; Hor. S. 1, 3, 54:amicum servare,
id. ib.:amicum servare per durum tempus,
Ov. P. 2, 6, 29:aliquo uti amico,
to have one as a friend, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Hor. S. 1, 4, 96:sibi amicum facere,
Vulg. Luc. 16, 9:amicum diligere,
Verg. A. 9, 430; Vulg. Deut. 13, 6:amico inservire,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8:amico parcere,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 35:et monendi amici saepe sunt et objurgandi,
Cic. Am. 24, 88:amico ignoscere,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 110:angorem pro amico capere,
Cic. Am. 13, 48:amici jacentem animum excitare,
id. ib. 16, 59:amicum consolari,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 41:amico orbatus,
Cic. Am. 3, 10:amicum offendere,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 73:non paucis munitus amicis,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 25.—Also for patronus, patron, protector; so Horace of Mæcenas, Epod. 1, 2:amicus potens,
powerful friend, id. C. 2, 18, 12; so,magnus,
Juv. 3, 57; 6, 313: Suet. Aug. 56:valentissimi,
id. ib. 35.—And for socius, companion:trepido fugam exprobravit amico,
Ov. M. 13, 69.—In polit. relations, a friend of the State (who was not always socius, an ally, but the socius was always amicus; cf.C.amicitia): Deiotarus ex animo amicus, unus fidelis populo Romano,
Cic. Phil. 11, 13:socio atque amico regi,
Liv. 37, 54; 7, 30 et saep.; Suet. Caes. 11.—In and after the Aug. per., a counsellor, courtier, minister of a prince, Nep. Milt. 3, 2 Dähn.:A.fuerunt multi reges ex amicis Alexandri Magni,
id. Reg. 3, 1; so Suet. Caes. 70, 72; 70, 79; id. Aug. 16; 17; 35; 56; 66; id. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.; cf. Ernest. ad Suet. Excurs. XV.—Hence, ămī-ca, ae, f.In bon. part., a female friend (very rare; cf. hetaira in Hom., Aristoph., Plato):B.amicae, cognatae,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16:at haec amicae erunt, ubi, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 24:Me (laedit) soror et cum quae dormit amica simul,
Prop. 2, 6, 12:ibit ad adfectam, quae non languebit, amicam Visere,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 21; cf. Juv. 3, 12; 6, 353; 6, 455; 6, 481; so Inscr. Grut. 865, 17; 891, 4. —In mal. part., = meretrix, a concubine, mistress, courtesan (esp. freq. in the comic poets; so in Gr. hetaira com. in Att. usage): eum suus pater ab amicā abduxit, Naev. ap. Gell. 6, 8:mulierem pejorem quam haec amica est Phaedromi non vidi,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 1, 3; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 25; 3, 4, 22; id. Cist. 2, 3, 28; id. Ep. 5, 2, 36; 5, 2, 39 al.:sive ista uxor sive amica est,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 52; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 6; 4, 6, 15 et saep.; Cic. Att. 10, 10; Dig. 50, 16, 144. -
37 amicus
1.ămīcus (old form ămēcus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), a, um, adj. [amo], friendly, kind, amicable, favorable, inclined to, liking; constr. with dat., Zumpt, Gram. §B.410: animo esse amico erga aliquem,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 29; Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:tribuni sunt nobis amici,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2 fin.:homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86:Pompeium tibi valde amicum esse cognovi,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5; id. Att. 9, 5:amicus non magis tyranno quam tyrannidi,
Nep. Dion, 3, 2; id. Att. 9:male numen amicum,
Verg. A. 2, 735; Ov. F. 3, 834:(Fortuna) amica varietati constantiam respuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 16:amica luto sus,
fond of, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 26.— Comp.:mihi nemo est amicior Attico,
Cic. Att. 16, 16:amicior Cilicum aerariis quam nostro,
id. ib. 7, 1, 6; id. Fam. 3, 2, 1.— Sup.:Deiotarum, fidelissimum regem atque amicissimum rei publicae nostrae,
Cic. Att. 15, 2, 2:cum summi viri, tum amicissimi,
id. Am. 2, 8:amicissimi viri,
Suet. Caes. 1:successor conjunctissimus et amicissimus,
Cic. Fam. 3, 3:hoc libro ad amicum amicissimus de amicitiā scripsi,
id. Am. 1, 5; 23, 88 (but the comp. and sup. may sometimes be rendered as belonging to 2. amicus, a greater friend, the greatest friend, as in Cic. Att. 16, 16, and Am. 1, 5; so in Gr. basileus etc.).—Of things, kindly, pleasing (mostly poet.;* C.so Cic. rarely): nihil homini amico est opportuno amicius,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 44:secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine,
Cic. Att. 12, 15:portus intramus amicos,
Verg. A. 5, 57: fessos opibus solatur amicis, id. [p. 106] ib. 5, 416:vento amico ferri,
Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 17:per amica silentia lunae,
Verg. A. 2, 255:amici imbres,
id. G. 4, 115:sidus amicum,
Hor. Epod. 10, 9:sol amicum tempus agens,
bringing the welcome hour, id. C. 3, 6, 43:tempus fraudibus amicum,
Stat. S. 5, 2, 39:brevitas postulatur, qui mihimet ipsi amicissima est,
Cic. Quinct. 34.—Amicum est mihi (after the Gr. philon esti moi; in pure Lat., mihi cordi est, etc.); with inf., it pleases me, it accords with my feelings:a.nec dis amicum est nec mihi te prius Obire,
Hor. C. 2, 17, 2.—Hence, adv., in a friendly manner, kindly, amicably.Old form ămīcĭter, Pac. ap. Non. 510, 26; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 3.—b.Class. form ămīcē:facis amice,
Cic. Am. 2, 9:haec accipienda amice,
id. ib. 24, 88; id. Fin. 1, 10; id. Off. 1, 26. —* Comp., Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 6.— Sup., Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 17.2.ămīcus, i, m. [from amo, as philos from phileô, and from ] ( gen. plur. amicūm, Ter. Heaut. prol. 24).A.A friend; constr. with gen. or poss. adj.; v. Zumpt, Gram. §B.410: est is (amicus) tamquam alter idem,
Cic. Am. 21, 80 (cf. id. ib. 25, 92; id. Off. 1, 17):amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar intuetur sui,
id. Am. 7, 23:Non tam utilitas parta per amicum, quam amici amor ipse delectat,
id. ib. 14, 51: Amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. ib. 17, 64:boni improbis, improbi bonis amici esse non possunt,
Cic. ib. 20, 74:ex omnibus saeculis vix tria aut quattuor nominantur paria amicorum,
id. ib. 4, 15:tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 54 and 57:vetus verbum hoc est, Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18:Respicis antiquum lassis in rebus amicum,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 93:Alba tuus antiquissimus non solum amicus, verum etiam amator,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.:hospitis et amici mei M. Pacuvii fabula,
id. Am. 7, 24:suis incommodis graviter angi non amicum sed se ipsum amantis est,
of one loving not his friend, but himself, id. ib. 3, 10:ab amicis honesta petere, amicorum causā honesta facere,
id. ib. 13, 44:paternus amicus ac pernecessarius,
id. Fl. 6, 14:amicus novus,
id. Am. 19, 67:vetus,
id. ib.; Verg. A. 3, 82; Hor. S. 2, 6, 81; Ov. P. 1, 6, 53:amici ac familiares veteres,
Suet. Tib. 55:aequaevus,
Verg. A. 5, 452:ardens,
id. ib. 9, 198:dulcis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 69; Ov. P. 1, 8, 31:carus,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 7:jucundus,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 93:amici jucundissimi et omnium horarum,
Suet. Tib. 42:amicus propior,
Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 2, 1; Vulg. Eccli. 6, 14:fidus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24:verus,
Cic. Am. 21, 82; Vulg. Eccli. 25, 12:mendax,
Hor. A. P. 425:secernere blandum amicum a vero,
Cic. Am. 25, 95:memor,
Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 33:summus,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:primus,
Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 65:amici tristes,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:maesti,
Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:dives,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 24:inops,
id. S. 1, 2, 5:inferioris ordinis amici,
Cic. Am. 19, 69:communes amici,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2:amice, salve!
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 12; so Cat. 55, 7; Verg. A. 6, 507; Hor. C. 2, 14, 6; and Vulg. Matt. 20, 13:magnanimi veritatis amici,
Cic. Off. 1, 19:amicos parare,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 39:amicos parare optimam vitae, ut ita dicam, supellectilem,
Cic. Am. 15, 55:minus amicorum habens,
Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 22:me unum atque unicum amicum habuit,
Cat. 73, 6;amicos habere,
Cic. Am. 11, 36; so Vulg. Prov. 22, 11:nos sibi amicos junget,
Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32; Hor. S. 1, 3, 54:amicum servare,
id. ib.:amicum servare per durum tempus,
Ov. P. 2, 6, 29:aliquo uti amico,
to have one as a friend, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Hor. S. 1, 4, 96:sibi amicum facere,
Vulg. Luc. 16, 9:amicum diligere,
Verg. A. 9, 430; Vulg. Deut. 13, 6:amico inservire,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8:amico parcere,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 35:et monendi amici saepe sunt et objurgandi,
Cic. Am. 24, 88:amico ignoscere,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 110:angorem pro amico capere,
Cic. Am. 13, 48:amici jacentem animum excitare,
id. ib. 16, 59:amicum consolari,
Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 41:amico orbatus,
Cic. Am. 3, 10:amicum offendere,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 73:non paucis munitus amicis,
Ov. P. 2, 3, 25.—Also for patronus, patron, protector; so Horace of Mæcenas, Epod. 1, 2:amicus potens,
powerful friend, id. C. 2, 18, 12; so,magnus,
Juv. 3, 57; 6, 313: Suet. Aug. 56:valentissimi,
id. ib. 35.—And for socius, companion:trepido fugam exprobravit amico,
Ov. M. 13, 69.—In polit. relations, a friend of the State (who was not always socius, an ally, but the socius was always amicus; cf.C.amicitia): Deiotarus ex animo amicus, unus fidelis populo Romano,
Cic. Phil. 11, 13:socio atque amico regi,
Liv. 37, 54; 7, 30 et saep.; Suet. Caes. 11.—In and after the Aug. per., a counsellor, courtier, minister of a prince, Nep. Milt. 3, 2 Dähn.:A.fuerunt multi reges ex amicis Alexandri Magni,
id. Reg. 3, 1; so Suet. Caes. 70, 72; 70, 79; id. Aug. 16; 17; 35; 56; 66; id. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.; cf. Ernest. ad Suet. Excurs. XV.—Hence, ămī-ca, ae, f.In bon. part., a female friend (very rare; cf. hetaira in Hom., Aristoph., Plato):B.amicae, cognatae,
Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16:at haec amicae erunt, ubi, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 2, 24:Me (laedit) soror et cum quae dormit amica simul,
Prop. 2, 6, 12:ibit ad adfectam, quae non languebit, amicam Visere,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 21; cf. Juv. 3, 12; 6, 353; 6, 455; 6, 481; so Inscr. Grut. 865, 17; 891, 4. —In mal. part., = meretrix, a concubine, mistress, courtesan (esp. freq. in the comic poets; so in Gr. hetaira com. in Att. usage): eum suus pater ab amicā abduxit, Naev. ap. Gell. 6, 8:mulierem pejorem quam haec amica est Phaedromi non vidi,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 1, 3; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 25; 3, 4, 22; id. Cist. 2, 3, 28; id. Ep. 5, 2, 36; 5, 2, 39 al.:sive ista uxor sive amica est,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 52; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 6; 4, 6, 15 et saep.; Cic. Att. 10, 10; Dig. 50, 16, 144. -
38 apprimus
ap-prīmus (better adp-), a, um, adj. (ad intens.), the very first; only once in Liv. Andron.:A.Ibidemque vir summus adprimus Patroclus,
Gell. 6, 7, 11.—Hence, ap-prīmē ( adp-), adv., first of all, before all, especially, exceedingly, very (most freq. in ante- and post-class. per.; in the class. per. only in Nep. Att. 13, 4; for in Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 32, the reading should be a primo; v. Madv. ad h. l.; syn.: in primis, praecipue, ante omnia); with adjj. and verbs.With adjj.:B.adprime nobilis,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 6; so Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 30:adprime probus,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 30:adprime probo (genere),
id. Trin. 2, 2, 92:utile,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 34:obsequens,
id. Hec. 2, 2, 5 (vehementissime, Don.):adprime doctus,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 17: adprime boni, * Nep. Att. 13, 3.—Once with the sup.: adprime summo genere gnatus, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 7, 11, 7.—With verbs (post-class.): adprime potuit obtingere Socrati, App. de Deo Socr. fin.; so id. Flor. 3 (in Verg. G. 2, 134, the reading of Servius and Arus. Mess. p. 214 Lind. is: flos apprima tenax; apprima being here used as adv., like acerba, acuta al.; for which, however, the best MSS. and editt. have ad prima; v. Wagn. and Rib. ad h. l.). -
39 articulus
artĭcŭlus, i, m. dim. [2. artus], a small member connecting various parts of the body, a joint, knot, knuckle.I.A.. Lit.:B.nodi corporum, qui vocantur articuli,
Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 217:hominis digiti articulos habent ternos, pollex binos,
id. 11, 43, 99, § 244:summus caudae articulus,
id. 8, 41, 63, § 153 al.:crura sine nodis articulisque,
Caes. B. G. 6, 27:ipso in articulo, quo jungitur capiti cervix,
Liv. 27, 49:auxerat articulos macies,
i. e. had made more joints, had made the bones visible, Ov. M. 8, 807:articulorum dolores habere,
i. e. gouty pains, Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.; cf. Cels. 5, 18: postquam illi justa cheragra Contudit articulos, * Hor. S. 2, 7, 16; cf. Pers. 5, 58:gladiatorem vehementis impetus excipit adversarii mollis articulus,
Quint. 2, 12, 2.—Hence, molli articulo tractare aliquem, to touch one gently, softly, Quint. 11, 2, 70.—Of plants:ineunte vere in iis (vitibus), quae relicta sunt, exsistit, tamquam ad articulos sarmentorum, ea quae gemma dicitur,
Cic. Sen. 15, 53; Plin. 16, 24, 36, § 88:ante quam seges in articulum eat,
Col. 2, 11, 9; so Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 159. —Of mountains, a hill connecting several larger mountains:montium articuli,
Plin. 37, 13, 77, § 201.—With an extension of the idea, a limb, member, in gen. (cf. 2. artus), * Lucr. 3, 697.—Hence also for a finger, Prop. 2, 34, 80; so Ov. H. 10, 140; id. P. 2, 3, 18:II.quot manus atteruntur, ut unus niteat articulus!
Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 158:ab eo missus est articulus manūs,
Vulg. Dan. 5, 24:aspiciebat articulos manūs,
ib. ib. 5, 5: erexit me super articulos manuum mearum, on the fingers or palms of my hands, ib. ib. 10, 10. —Trop.A.Of discourse, a member, part, division: articulus dicitur, cum singula verba intervallis distinguuntur caesā oratione, hoc modo: acrimoniā, voce, vultu adversarios perterruisti, Auct. ad Her. 4, 19: continuatio verborum soluta multo est aptior atque jucundior, si est articulis membrisque (kommasi kai kôlois) distincta, quam si continuata ac producta, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186: (genus orationis) fluctuans et dissolutum eo quod sine nervis et articulis fluctuat huc et illuc, Auct. ad Her. 4, 11.—B.Hence,
a short clause, Dig. 36, 1, 27;also,
a single word, ib. 35, 1, 4:articulus Est praesentis temporis demonstrationem continet,
ib. 34, 2, 35:hoc articulo Quisque omnes significantur,
ib. 28, 5, 29.—In gram. the pronn. hic and quis, Varr. L. L. 8, § 45 Müll.; the article, Quint. 1, 4, 19.—Of time.1.A point of time, a moment:2.commoditatis omnes articulos scio,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 31.—With tempus:qui hunc in summas angustias adductum putaret, ut eum suis conditionibus in ipso articulo temporis astringeret,
at the most critical moment, Cic. Quinct. 5, 19:in ipsis quos dixi temporum articulis,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216: si de singulis articulis [p. 168] temporum deliberabimus, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4;also without tempus: in ipso articulo,
at the fit moment, at the nick of time, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 21.—With dies:in articulo diei illius ingressus est,
on that very day, Vulg. Gen. 7, 13.—And with res:in articulo rerum,
Curt. 3, 5; also in articulo, instantly, immediately, = statim, Cod. Just. 1, 33, 3.—Hence with the idea extended,A space, division of time:C.hi cardines singulis articulis dividuntur,
Plin. 18, 25, 59, § 222:octo articuli lunae,
id. 18, 35, 79, § 350: articulus austrinus, i. e. in which auster blows, id. 17, 2, 2, § 11.—Of other abstract things, part, division, point: per eosdem articulos (i.e. per easdem honorum partes) et gradus producere, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4:stationes in mediis latitudinum articulis, quae vocant ecliptica,
Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 68; Dig. 1, 3, 12:ventum est ergo ad ipsum articulum causae, i. e. ventum ad rei cardinem,
the turning-point, Arn. 7, p. 243. -
40 Asper
1.asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:I.aspris = asperis,
Verg. A. 2, 379;aspro = aspero,
Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).1.. Lit.:2.lingua aspera tactu,
Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:mixta aspera levibus,
Lucr. 2, 471:in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;lene, asperum,
id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,
Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.Leucas,
Luc. 1, 42:loca,
Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:viae asperae,
ib. Bar. 4, 26:vallis aspera,
ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:glacies,
Verg. E. 10, 49:hiems,
Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,
harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):aspera signis Pocula,
Verg. A. 9, 263:Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,
id. ib. 5, 267:signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,
Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:stantem extra pocula caprum,
Juv. 1, 76):Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 701:aspera pocula,
Prop. 2, 6, 17:ebur,
Sen. Hippol. 899:balteus,
Val. Fl. 5, 578:cingula bacis,
Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:nummus,
not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:mare,
agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:barba,
Tib. 1, 8, 32:sentes,
Verg. A. 2, 379:rubus,
id. E. 3, 89:mucro,
Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:3.quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,
Mart. 11, 86, 1.—Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:II.latens in asperis radix,
Hor. Epod. 5, 67:aspera maris,
Tac. A. 4, 6:propter aspera et confragosa,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:per aspera et devia,
Suet. Tib. 60:erunt aspera in vias planas,
Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,
Tac. A. 3, 5.—Transf.1.Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:2.asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:asper sapor maris,
Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,
id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:asperrimum piper,
id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:acetum quam asperrimum,
id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:3. III.(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,
Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,
Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—Trop.A.a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):b.quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,
Cic. Planc. 16, 40:orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,
id. Brut. 34, 129:aspera Juno,
Verg. A. 1, 279:juvenis monitoribus asper,
Hor. A. P. 163:patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,
Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:rebus non asper egenis,
Verg. A. 8, 365:cladibus asper,
exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,
unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,
Ov. M. 13, 803:Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,
Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:asper contemptor divom Mezentius,
Verg. A. 7, 647:aspera Pholoe,
coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,
Cic. Mur. 29:(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,
Liv. 39, 40:(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,
Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:Camilla aspera,
id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,
Just. 2, 3:virgo aspera,
i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:B.(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,
Verg. G. 3, 434:bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,
id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:ille (lupus) asper Saevit,
Verg. A. 9, 62:lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,
Ov. M. 11, 402:ille (leo) asper retro redit,
Verg. A. 9, 794:tigris aspera,
Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:(equus) asper frena pati,
Sil. 3, 387.—Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):a.in periculis et asperis temporibus,
Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:venatus,
Verg. A. 8, 318:bellum,
Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:pugna,
Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:fata,
id. ib. 6, 882:odia,
id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:multa aspera,
Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,
Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:verba,
Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:vox,
Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—b. 1.Transf.:2.loqui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:dicere,
id. 2, 8, 15:syllabae aspere coëuntes,
id. 1, 1, 37.—Trop.:2.aspere accipere aliquid,
Tac. A. 4, 31:aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:aspere agere aliquid,
Liv. 3, 50:aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,
Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:aspere et vehementer loqui,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:asperius loqui aliquid,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:asperius scribere de aliquo,
id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:asperrime loqui in aliquem,
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:asperrime pati aliquid,
Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:asperrime saevire in aliquem,
Vell. 2, 7.Asper, eri, m.I.A cognomen of L. Trebonius:II.L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,
Liv. 3, 65, 4. —Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.
См. также в других словарях:
Summus — (lat.), der höchste, oberste. Summus protector, Oberschutzherr … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
summus — index ascendant, extreme (last), paramount, unqualified (unlimited) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
SUMMUS — inter Apollinis epitheta, apud Virg. Aen. l. 11. v. 785. Summe Deûm sancti custos Soractis Apollo. Sic Statius Thebaid. l. 7. v. 771. Tandem se famulo summum confessus Apollo, Utere luce tuâ, longamque, ait, indue famam. Nempe Apollo Sol est,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Summus lacus — Summus lacus, See in Galia transpadana, j. Lario; an seinem nördlichen Ufer lag der gleichnamige Flecken; j. Sammalico … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Summus episcŏpus — (lat.), oberster Bischof (s. Summepiskopat); auch Titel des Papstes … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Summus episcopus — Summus episcŏpus (lat., »oberster Bischof«), Bezeichnung der Landesherren als Inhaber des Kirchenregiments (s. Summepiskopat) … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Summus episcopus — Das landesherrliche Kirchenregiment ist ein Ausdruck der deutschen Rechts und Kirchengeschichte. Es beschreibt die Leitungsgewalt (das Regiment) des Inhabers der Territorialgewalt (des Landesherrn) über das evangelische Kirchenwesen in seinem… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Summus pontifex — Der Titel Pontifex Maximus[1] (lat. für „oberster Brückenbauer”, evtl. auch „oberster Pfadbahner”; zur Etymologie siehe Pontifex), bezeichnete ursprünglich den obersten Wächter des altrömischen Götterkults (Oberster Priester) und ging später auf… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Summus Episcopus — Sum|mus Epis|co|pus* [ ...ko...] der; <aus kirchenlat. summus episcopus »oberster Bischof«>: 1. der Papst als oberster Bischof. 2. bis 1918 ev. dt. Landesfürst als Haupt seiner Landeskirche … Das große Fremdwörterbuch
Summus Episcopus — Sụm|mus Epị|sco|pus auch: Sụm|mus Epịs|co|pus 〈m.; ; unz.〉 1. höchster Bischof (= Papst) 2. 〈bis 1918〉 Landesherr als Oberhaupt seiner (evang.) Landeskirche [lat.] * * * Sụmmus Epịscopus [lateinisch »oberster Bischof«], Summepiskopat. * * * … Universal-Lexikon
Summus Episcopus — SummusEpiscopus,der:⇨Papst(1) … Das Wörterbuch der Synonyme
