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1 structure-former
Макаров: структор, структурообразователь -
2 core former structure
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3 core former structure
Engineering: CFSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > core former structure
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4 структурообразователь
1) Biology: amendment2) Engineering: aggregating agent (почвы), soil amendment (почвы), structure-forming agent3) Silicates: lattice former, network former4) Perfume: texturizer5) Ecology: conditioner, soil conditioner, soil conserver, stabilizer6) Cables: nucleating agent, structure-forming allocation7) Makarov: builder, conditioner fertilizer, stabilizer fertilizer, structure-former, structure-forming agent (вещество, вводимое в полимерные материалы для направленного регулирования их структуры)8) Soil science: aggregate stabilizer, aggregating agent, soil stabilizerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > структурообразователь
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5 структор
1) Ecology: aggregating agent, amendment, conditioner, soil conserver, stabilizer3) Soil science: aggregate stabilizer, soil stabilizer -
6 каркас
2) Computers: outline3) Geology: skeleton frame4) Biology: backbone (макромолекулы)5) Aviation: carcase6) Naval: grid, mock mold, mocked-up mold7) Medicine: bar (металлический)9) Engineering: bobbin (катушки индуктивности), cage, camera structure (фото- или киносъёмочного аппарата), chassis, core, fabric (здания), frame work, framing, grillage, ossature (здания или покрытия), spool (катушки), stalk (литейного стержня), structure10) Construction: backbone, basket, framework (здания), grating (из стального проката), half-timbering, ossature (здания), stamina, lattice11) Mathematics: pseudomodel, spanning tree (graph theory)12) Railway term: former (без обмотки), housing13) Automobile industry: basic structure, cradle, space frame, spaceframe15) Forestry: hackberry (Celtis L.), shell (кресла)16) Metallurgy: network, supporting structure17) Electronics: bobbin18) Information technology: case, case frame, wireframe19) Oil: jacket20) Astronautics: airframe, crib, primary structure, ( внутренний) secondary structure (ср. primary structure - корпус)21) Atomic energy: wire frame23) Drilling: camshaft (протектора)25) Makarov: bracing, bracing cage, hulk (заброшенного сооружения), matrix, ossature (сооружения, здания или покрытия), racking, ribbing, scaffold, spatial grid26) Gold mining: envelope27) Combustion gas turbines: shroud28) Electrical engineering: end-frame (трансформатора) -
7 ancien
ancien, -ienne [ɑ̃sjɛ̃, jεn]1. adjectivea. ( = vieux) old ; [objet d'art] antiqueb. ( = précédent) former━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━c. ( = antique) ancient2. masculine noun3. masculine noun, feminine nouna. ( = personne âgée) elderb. ( = personne expérimentée) senior personc. ( = élève) former pupil4. compounds* * *
1.
- ienne ɑ̃sjɛ̃, ɛn adjectif1) ( d'autrefois) former2) ( vieux) old3) [histoire, langue] ancient4) Art, Commerce [style, monnaie, tableau] old; [voiture] vintage; [meuble] antique; [livre] old, antiquarian5) ( dans une profession) senior
2.
nom masculin1) ( vétéran) (de congrégation, tribu) elder; ( d'entreprise) senior memberles anciens — ( les personnes âgées) the older people
2) ( qui a été membre) ( d'entreprise) old member; ( de grande école) graduate3) ( immobilier)4) Commerce ( vieilles choses) antiques (pl)5) ( pour distinguer des générations) elder
3.
anciens nom masculin pluriel ancientsPhrasal Verbs:* * *ɑ̃sjɛ̃, jɛn ancien, -ne1. adj1) (précédent: avant le nom) (voiture, appartement) old2) (ex-: avant le nom) (élève, ministre) formerC'est une ancienne élève. — She's a former pupil.
C'est un ancien ministre. — He's a former minister.
3) (de jadis) ancient, (meuble) antique2. nm/f(dans une tribu) elder3. nfà l'ancienne CUISINE — made in the traditional way
4. nm(= mobilier ancien)* * *A adj1 ( qui a été autrefois) [champion, mari, président, coiffeur, toxicomane, capitale] former; mon ancienne école my old school;3 Antiq [histoire, langue, civilisation] ancient; la Grèce ancienne ancient Greece; l'ancien français Old French;4 Art, Comm [style, monnaie, tableau] old; [voiture] vintage; [meuble] antique; [livre] old, antiquarian;5 (dans une profession, une fonction, un grade) senior.B nm1 ( vétéran) (de congrégation, tribu) elder; ( d'entreprise) senior member; les anciens du village the village elders; les anciens ( les personnes âgées) the older people;3 ( immobilier) l'ancien older property;5 ( pour distinguer des générations) elder; Caton l'ancien Cato the Elder.D ancienne nf à l'ancienne [confiture, meuble] traditional; [préparé, fabriqué] in the traditional way.ancien combattant veteran; ancien élève Scol old boy; Univ graduate; ancien franc old franc; l'ancien monde the Old World; l'Ancien Régime the Ancien Régime; l'Ancien Testament the Old Testament.( féminin ancienne) [ɑ̃sjɛ̃, ɛn] adjectif1. [vieux - coutume, tradition, famille] old, ancient, time-honoured ; [ - amitié, relation] old, long-standing ; [ - bague, châle] old, antiquela Grèce ancienne ancient ou classical Greeceses anciens camarades his old ou former comradesun ancien combattant a (war) veteran, an ex-serviceman4. [passé] formerdans les temps anciens, dans l'ancien temps in former times, in olden ou bygone days5. [qui a de l'ancienneté] senior6. LINGUISTIQUE————————, ancienne [ɑ̃sjɛ̃, ɛn] nom masculin, nom féminin1. [qui a de l'expérience] old hand2. [qui est plus vieux] elder3. [qui a participé]un ancien de la guerre de Corée a Korean war veteran, a veteran of the Korean warancien nom masculin1. [objets]2. [construction]————————Anciens nom masculin pluriel————————à l'ancienne locution adjectivale————————Ancien Régime nom masculin————————Ancien Testament nom masculinThe government and social structure of France before the Revolution of 1789 was an absolutist monarchy consisting of three estates: the nobility, the clergy (both enjoying institutional privileges), and the Third Estate, or commoners. The privileges which characterized the Ancien Régime were abolished the 4th of August 1789. -
8 form
form [fɔ:m]forme ⇒ 1 (a)-(d), 1 (f)-(m), 1 (r), 1 (s) silhouette ⇒ 1 (b) formulaire ⇒ 1 (e) classe ⇒ 1 (n) former ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (e), 2 (f) façonner ⇒ 2 (a) se former ⇒ 2 (c), 3 (a), 3 (b) créer ⇒ 2 (d) composer ⇒ 2 (e)1 noun∎ in the form of a heart en forme de cœur;∎ her plan began to take form son projet a commencé à prendre tournure ou forme(b) (body, figure) forme f, silhouette f;∎ a slender form appeared at the door une silhouette élancée apparut à la porte;∎ the human form la forme humaine(c) (aspect, mode) forme f;∎ it's written in the form of a letter c'est écrit sous forme de lettre;∎ the Devil appeared in the form of a goat le diable apparut sous la forme d'une chèvre;∎ the same product in a new form le même produit présenté différemment;∎ what form should my questions take? comment devrais-je formuler mes questions?;∎ the interview took the form of an informal chat l'entrevue prit la forme d'une discussion informelle;∎ her anxiety showed itself in the form of anger son inquiétude se manifesta par de la colère(d) (kind, type) forme f, sorte f;∎ one form of cancer une forme de cancer;∎ we studied three different forms of government nous avons examiné trois systèmes de gouvernement ou trois régimes différents;∎ all forms of sugar le sucre sous toutes ses formes;∎ she sent some flowers as a form of thanks elle a envoyé des fleurs en guise de remerciements∎ to fill in or out a form remplir un formulaire;∎ printed form imprimé m(f) (condition) forme f, condition f;∎ in good form en pleine forme, en excellente condition;∎ John was British on or American in good form at lunch John était en forme ou plein d'entrain pendant le déjeuner;∎ British on or American in their current form they're unlikely to win étant donné leur forme actuelle ils ont peu de chances de gagner;∎ to study (the) form (in horse racing) examiner le tableau des performances des chevaux∎ form and content la forme et le fond;∎ his writing lacks form ce qu'il écrit n'est pas clair;∎ her ideas lack form ses idées sont confuses(h) (standard practice) forme f, règle f;∎ to do sth as a matter of form faire qch pour la forme;∎ what's the usual form in these cases? que fait-on d'habitude ou quelle est la marche à suivre dans ces cas-là?;∎ Law in due form en bonne et due forme∎ it's bad form cela ne se fait pas;∎ it's good form c'est de bon ton, cela se fait;∎ it is bad form to ask a lady her age ce n'est pas poli de demander son âge à une dame∎ form of address formule f de politesse;∎ the correct form of address for a senator la manière correcte de s'adresser à un sénateur;∎ it's only a form of speech ce n'est qu'une façon de parler;∎ the form of the marriage service les rites mpl du mariage∎ the masculine form la forme du masculin, le masculin∎ she's in the first/sixth form ≃ elle est en sixième/première∎ has he got form? est-ce qu'il a un casier judiciaire?(a) (shape) former, construire; (character, mind) former, façonner; (sentence) construire; Metallurgy former, façonner;∎ he formed the model out of or from clay il a sculpté ou façonné le modèle dans l'argile;∎ form the dough into a ball pétrissez la pâte en forme de boule;∎ she has trouble forming certain words elle a du mal à prononcer certains mots;∎ it was certainly a character-forming experience c'est sans aucun doute une expérience qui forme ou façonne le caractère(b) (take the shape of) former, faire;∎ the coastline forms a series of curves la côte forme une série de courbes;∎ the children formed a circle les enfants formèrent un cercle;∎ form a line please faites la queue s'il vous plaît;∎ the applicants formed a queue les candidats firent la queue∎ he's wary of forming friendships il hésite à nouer des amitiés;∎ to form an impression avoir une impression(d) (organize → association, club) créer, fonder; (→ committee, government) former; Commerce (→ company) fonder, créer;∎ they formed themselves into a committee ils se constituèrent en comité(e) (constitute) composer, former;∎ to form the basis of sth constituer la base de ou servir de base à qch;∎ to form (a) part of sth faire partie de qch;∎ the countries forming the alliance les pays qui constituent l'alliance∎ how to form the past tense comment former le passé composé(a) (materialize) se former, prendre forme;∎ doubts began to form in his mind des doutes commencèrent à prendre forme dans son esprit, il commença à avoir des doutes(b) (take shape) se former;∎ form into a line! alignez-vous!;∎ we formed into groups nous nous sommes mis en groupes, nous avons formé des groupes►► Linguistics form class catégorie f grammaticale;Computing form document document m canevas;Computing form feed avancement m du papier;form letter lettre f circulaire;British School form teacher, form tutor ≃ professeur m principal;Linguistics form word mot-outil m, mot m faisant fonction de désinenceBritish se mettre en ligne, s'aligner -
9 shape
shape [ʃeɪp]1 noun(a) (outer form) forme f;∎ what shape is it? de quelle forme est-ce?;∎ the room was triangular in shape la pièce était de forme triangulaire ou avait la forme d'un triangle;∎ a sweet in the shape of a heart un bonbon en forme de cœur;∎ the house/garden is an odd shape la maison/le jardin a une drôle de forme;∎ they were the same shape ils étaient de la même forme, ils avaient la même forme;∎ each pebble is a different shape chaque caillou a une forme différente;∎ they come in all shapes and sizes il y en a de toutes les formes et de toutes les tailles;∎ to change shape changer de forme;∎ she moulded the clay into shape elle façonna l'argile;∎ he bent/beat the copper into shape il plia/martela le cuivre;∎ my hat was knocked out of shape mon chapeau a été déformé;∎ my pullover has lost its shape or is out of shape mon pull s'est déformé(b) (figure, silhouette) forme f, silhouette f;∎ vague shapes could be seen in the mist on distinguait des formes vagues dans la brume(c) (abstract form or structure) forme f;∎ the shape of our society la structure de notre société;∎ she plans to change the whole shape of the company elle a l'intention de modifier complètement la structure de l'entreprise;∎ the new technologies have changed the shape of our lives les nouvelles technologies ont changé la façon dont nous vivons;∎ the shape of things to come ce qui nous attend, ce que l'avenir nous réserve;∎ to take shape prendre forme ou tournure;∎ her plan was beginning to take shape son projet commençait à se concrétiser ou à prendre forme;∎ to give shape to sth donner forme à qch∎ help eventually arrived in the shape of her parents ce sont ses parents qui finirent par arriver pour lui prêter secours;∎ progress, in the shape of motorways/supermarkets le progrès que représentent les autoroutes/les supermarchés;∎ wealth in the shape of a large house la richesse symbolisée par la possession d'une grande maison;∎ he can't take alcohol in any shape or form il ne supporte l'alcool sous aucune forme(e) (condition) forme f;∎ I'm rather out of shape je ne suis pas très en forme;∎ I need to get (back) into shape j'ai besoin de me remettre en forme;∎ the economy is in poor shape at the moment l'économie est mal en point actuellement;∎ to keep oneself or to stay in shape garder la forme, rester en forme;∎ what sort of shape was he in? dans quel état était-il?, comment allait-il?;∎ she was in pretty bad shape (very ill, badly injured) elle était mal en point ou dans un sale état;∎ he's in no shape to be doing this kind of work! il n'est pas en état de faire ce genre de travail!;∎ familiar to knock or to lick sth into shape mettre qch au point□ ;∎ familiar I'll soon knock or lick them into shape! (soldiers) j'aurai vite fait de les dresser, moi!; (team) j'aurai vite fait de les remettre en forme, moi!∎ she shaped the clay into rectangular blocks elle a façonné l'argile en blocs rectangulaires;∎ he shaped a pot from the wet clay il a façonné un pot dans l'argile;∎ the paper had been shaped into a cone le papier avait été plié en forme de cône(b) (influence → events, life, future) influencer, déterminer;∎ to shape sb's character former ou façonner le caractère de qn;∎ the war shaped her perception of the army la guerre a influencé sa perception de l'armée∎ the jacket is shaped at the waist la veste est ajustée à la taille(develop → plan) prendre forme ou tournure;∎ things are shaping well les choses se présentent bien ou prennent une bonne tournure;∎ how is he shaping as a teacher? comment se débrouille-t-il dans l'enseignement?∎ you'd better shape up, young man! il est temps que tu te secoues, jeune homme!;∎ familiar shape up or ship out! secouez-vous sinon c'est la porte!;∎ familiar shape up and look smart! grouille-toi!(c) (progress, develop → plans, situation) prendre (une bonne) tournure;∎ the business is beginning to shape up les affaires commencent à bien marcher;∎ our plans are shaping up nicely nos projets prennent une bonne tournure;∎ the new team is shaping up well la nouvelle équipe commence à bien fonctionner;∎ they are shaping up into a good orchestra ils commencent à former un bon orchestre;∎ how is she shaping up as a translator? comment se débrouille-t-elle ou comment s'en sort-elle en tant que traductrice?;∎ she isn't shaping up too badly elle ne se débrouille ou ne s'en sort pas trop mal -
10 form
A n1 (kind, manifestation) (of activity, energy, exercise, transport, government, protest, work, substance) forme f ; (of entertainment, taxation, disease) sorte f ; different forms of life ou life forms différentes formes de vie ; it's a form of blackmail c'est une forme de chantage ; some form of control is needed un système de contrôle est nécessaire ; in the form of crystals/a loan sous forme de cristaux/de prêt ; in a new/different form sous une nouvelle/autre forme ; to publish articles in book form réunir des articles dans un livre ; he won't touch alcohol in any form il évite l'alcool sous toutes ses formes ; to take various forms prendre diverses formes ; to take the form of a strike prendre la forme d'une grève ;2 ( document) formulaire m ; to fill in ou fill out ou complete a form remplir un formulaire ; blank form formulaire vierge ;3 ( shape) forme f ; to take ou assume the form of a man/a swan prendre la forme d'un homme/d'un cygne ;4 (of athlete, horse, performer) forme f ; to be in good form être en bonne or pleine forme ; to be on form être très en forme ; to return to form retrouver la forme ; to return to one's best form retrouver sa meilleure forme ; to study the form étudier le tableau des performances ; true to form, she was late fidèle à elle-même, elle était en retard ;5 Literat, Art ( structure) forme f ; ( genre) genre m ; form and content la forme et le fond ; a literary form un genre littéraire ; theatrical forms formes du théâtre ; verse forms genres en vers ; the limitations of this form les limites de ce genre ;6 ( etiquette) it is bad form cela ne se fait pas (to do de faire) ; purely as a matter of form purement par politesse or pour la forme ; I never know the form at these ceremonies je ne sais jamais comment me comporter à ces cérémonies ; you know the form tu sais ce qu'il faut faire ;8 ( prescribed set of words) formule f ; they object to the form of words used ils ne sont pas d'accord avec la formulation ;12 ( bench) banc m.C vtr1 ( organize or create) former [queue, circle, barrier, club, cartel, alliance, government, union, band] (from avec) ; nouer [friendship, relationship] ; former [sentence, tense] ; to form one's letters former ses lettres ; please form a circle s'il vous plaît, formez un cercle ; how are stalactites formed? comment se forment les stalactites? ; to form part of sth faire partie de qch ; to form a large part/the basis of sth constituer une grande partie/la base de qch ;2 ( conceive) se faire [impression, image, picture, opinion, idea] ; concevoir [admiration] ; to form the habit of doing prendre l'habitude de faire ;3 ( mould) former [child, pupil, personality, taste, ideas, attitudes] ; tastes formed by television des goûts formés par la télévision ;4 ( constitute) former [jury, cabinet, panel] ; the 12 people who form the jury les 12 personnes qui forment le jury.■ form into:▶ form into [sth] [people] former [groups, classes, teams] ; to form sth into mettre qch en [sentence, paragraphs, circle] ; séparer [qch] en [groups, teams, classes] ; to form objects into patterns grouper des objets pour former des motifs.■ form up [people] se mettre en rangs. -
11 form
form [fɔ:m]1. nouna. forme f• her letters are to be published in book form ses lettres doivent être publiées sous forme de livre• to study form (British) ≈ préparer son tiercé• he's in the sixth form ≈ il est en premièrea. [+ shape, character, government] formerb. ( = develop) [+ habit] contracterc. ( = constitute) composer[queue, company, blood clots] se former ; [idea] prendre forme* * *[fɔːm] 1.1) (kind, manifestation) (of exercise, transport, government, protest) forme f; (of entertainment, taxation, disease) sorte f2) ( document) formulaire m3) ( shape) forme f4) (of athlete, horse, performer) forme fto be in good form — être en bonne or pleine forme
true to form, she... — fidèle à elle-même, elle...
6) ( etiquette)it is bad form — cela ne se fait pas ( to do de faire)
purely as a matter of form — purement par politesse or pour la forme
7) GB School classe fin the first form — ≈ en sixième
8) ( prescribed set of words) formule f9) Linguistics forme f2.transitive verb1) ( organize or create) gen former ( from avec); nouer [friendship, relationship]2) ( conceive) se faire [impression, opinion]; concevoir [admiration]3) ( mould) former4) ( constitute) former [jury, cabinet, panel]3.intransitive verb ( all contexts) se formerPhrasal Verbs: -
12 óvulo
m.ovule, egg cell, egg, ovum.* * *1 ovule* * *noun m.* * *SM ovule, ovum* * *masculino (Biol) ovule; (Farm) pessary* * *= egg, ovum [ova, -pl.], ovule.Ex. The former monthly publications on statistics of eggs, meat and milk have been amalgamated since 1980 into a quarterly publication, 'Animal Production'.Ex. A zygote is the the cell formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage.Ex. The ovule is attached to the placental wall of the ovary through a structure known as the funiculus, the plant equivalent of an umbilical cord.----* donante de óvulos = egg donor.* * *masculino (Biol) ovule; (Farm) pessary* * *= egg, ovum [ova, -pl.], ovule.Ex: The former monthly publications on statistics of eggs, meat and milk have been amalgamated since 1980 into a quarterly publication, 'Animal Production'.
Ex: A zygote is the the cell formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage.Ex: The ovule is attached to the placental wall of the ovary through a structure known as the funiculus, the plant equivalent of an umbilical cord.* donante de óvulos = egg donor.* * *1 ( Biol) ovule2 ( Farm) pessary* * *
Del verbo ovular: ( conjugate ovular)
ovulo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
ovuló es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
ovular
óvulo
ovular ( conjugate ovular) verbo intransitivo
to ovulate
óvulo sustantivo masculino (Biol) ovule;
(Farm) pessary
ovular
I adjetivo ovular
II verbo intransitivo to ovulate
óvulo m Bot ovule
Zool ovum
' óvulo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
fecundar
* * *óvulo nmovum* * *m egg* * *óvulo nm: ovum -
13 back
I [bæk]1) schiena f., dorso m.; zool. dorso m., groppa f.to be (flat) on one's back — essere, stare (coricato) sulla schiena, supino; fig. essere a letto
to turn one's back on sb., sth. — voltare le spalle, la schiena a qcn., qcs. (anche fig.)
to do sth. behind sb.'s back — fare qcs. alle spalle di qcn. (anche fig.)
2) (reverse side) (of page, cheque, envelope) retro m.; (of fabric, medal, coin) rovescio m.; (of hand) dorso m.3) (rear-facing part) (of vehicle, electrical appliance) parte f. posteriore; (of shirt, coat) dietro m.to be out back to be in the back AE (in the garden) essere in giardino; (in the yard) essere in cortile; there's a small garden out back o round the back c'è un piccolo giardino sul retro; the steps at the back of the building — la scala sul retro dell'edificio
5) aut.to sit at the back of the plane, at the back of the bus — sedersi in fondo all'aereo, all'autobus
6) (furthest away area) (of cupboard, drawer) fondo m.; (of stage) sfondo m.at o in the back of the drawer in fondo al cassetto; those at the back couldn't see — quelli in fondo non riuscivano a vedere
7) (of chair, sofa) schienale m.8) sport difensore m., terzino m.9) (end) fine f., fondo m.••to put one's back into it — colloq. darci dentro o mettercela tutta
he's always on my back — colloq. mi sta sempre addosso
to be at the back of — essere dietro a [conspiracy, proposal]
II [bæk]to break the back of a journey, task — fare il grosso di un viaggio, di un lavoro
1) (at the rear) [wheel, paw, leg, edge] posteriore, di dietro colloq.; [bedroom, garden, gate] sul retro; [ page] ultimo2) (isolated) [ road] secondarioback alley, lane — vicolo, viuzza
3) econ. comm. [rent, interest, tax] arretratoIII [bæk]to be back — essere di ritorno, tornare
to arrive o come back tornare (indietro); he's back at work è tornato al lavoro o ha ripreso a lavorare; she's back in (the) hospital è di nuovo in ospedale o è tornata in ospedale; when is he due back? quando deve tornare? the mini-skirt is back — la minigonna è di nuovo di moda
2) (in return)to call, phone back — richiamare, ritelefonare
to punch sb. back — restituire un pugno a qcn.
to smile back at sb. — ricambiare un sorriso a qcn
3) (backwards) [glance, step, lean] indietro; [ jump] (all')indietro4) (away)5) (ago)a week, five minutes back — una settimana, cinque minuti prima o fa
back in 1964, April — nel 1964, ad aprile
7) (once again)8) (to sb.'s possession)to give, send sth. back — rendere, rispedire qcs.
to put sth. back — rimettere a posto qcs.
meanwhile, back in Italy, he... — nel frattempo, in Italia, lui...
11) back and forth avanti e indietroto swing back and forth — [ pendulum] oscillare (avanti e indietro)
IV 1. [bæk]the film cuts o moves back and forth between New York and Rome — il film si svolge tra New York e Roma
1) (support) sostenere, appoggiare [party, person, bid, strike, enterprise, project]; appoggiare [ application]2) (finance) finanziare [project, undertaking]to back a bill — comm. econ. avallare una cambiale
4) (substantiate) suffragare, convalidare [argument, claim]5) (reverse)to back sb. into sth. — fare indietreggiare qcn. fino dentro qcs
6) (bet on) puntare, scommettere su [horse, favourite, winner]7) (stiffen, line) rinforzare [ structure]; foderare [ book]; rinforzare, rintelare [ painting]; intelare, foderare [ fabric]2.1) (reverse) fare marcia indietro2) mar. [ wind] cambiare direzione•- back off- back out- back up* * *[bæk] 1. noun1) (in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine: She lay on her back.) schiena2) (in animals, the upper part of the body: She put the saddle on the horse's back.) dorso3) (that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front: the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall.) fondo, parte posteriore4) (in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards.) difensore, terzino2. adjective(of or at the back: the back door.) posteriore3. adverb1) (to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came: I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner.) indietro2) (away (from something); not near (something): Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you!) indietro3) (towards the back (of something): Sit back in your chair.) indietro4) (in return; in response to: When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back.) indietro; (rispondere)5) (to, or in, the past: Think back to your childhood.) indietro4. verb1) (to (cause to) move backwards: He backed (his car) out of the garage.) fare marcia indietro2) (to help or support: Will you back me against the others?) sostenere3) (to bet or gamble on: I backed your horse to win.) puntare•- backer- backbite
- backbiting
- backbone
- backbreaking
- backdate
- backfire
- background
- backhand 5. adverb(using backhand: She played the stroke backhand; She writes backhand.) di rovescio; obliquamente- backlog- back-number
- backpack
- backpacking: go backpacking
- backpacker
- backside
- backslash
- backstroke
- backup
- backwash
- backwater
- backyard
- back down
- back of
- back on to
- back out
- back up
- have one's back to the wall
- put someone's back up
- take a back seat* * *I [bæk]1) schiena f., dorso m.; zool. dorso m., groppa f.to be (flat) on one's back — essere, stare (coricato) sulla schiena, supino; fig. essere a letto
to turn one's back on sb., sth. — voltare le spalle, la schiena a qcn., qcs. (anche fig.)
to do sth. behind sb.'s back — fare qcs. alle spalle di qcn. (anche fig.)
2) (reverse side) (of page, cheque, envelope) retro m.; (of fabric, medal, coin) rovescio m.; (of hand) dorso m.3) (rear-facing part) (of vehicle, electrical appliance) parte f. posteriore; (of shirt, coat) dietro m.to be out back to be in the back AE (in the garden) essere in giardino; (in the yard) essere in cortile; there's a small garden out back o round the back c'è un piccolo giardino sul retro; the steps at the back of the building — la scala sul retro dell'edificio
5) aut.to sit at the back of the plane, at the back of the bus — sedersi in fondo all'aereo, all'autobus
6) (furthest away area) (of cupboard, drawer) fondo m.; (of stage) sfondo m.at o in the back of the drawer in fondo al cassetto; those at the back couldn't see — quelli in fondo non riuscivano a vedere
7) (of chair, sofa) schienale m.8) sport difensore m., terzino m.9) (end) fine f., fondo m.••to put one's back into it — colloq. darci dentro o mettercela tutta
he's always on my back — colloq. mi sta sempre addosso
to be at the back of — essere dietro a [conspiracy, proposal]
II [bæk]to break the back of a journey, task — fare il grosso di un viaggio, di un lavoro
1) (at the rear) [wheel, paw, leg, edge] posteriore, di dietro colloq.; [bedroom, garden, gate] sul retro; [ page] ultimo2) (isolated) [ road] secondarioback alley, lane — vicolo, viuzza
3) econ. comm. [rent, interest, tax] arretratoIII [bæk]to be back — essere di ritorno, tornare
to arrive o come back tornare (indietro); he's back at work è tornato al lavoro o ha ripreso a lavorare; she's back in (the) hospital è di nuovo in ospedale o è tornata in ospedale; when is he due back? quando deve tornare? the mini-skirt is back — la minigonna è di nuovo di moda
2) (in return)to call, phone back — richiamare, ritelefonare
to punch sb. back — restituire un pugno a qcn.
to smile back at sb. — ricambiare un sorriso a qcn
3) (backwards) [glance, step, lean] indietro; [ jump] (all')indietro4) (away)5) (ago)a week, five minutes back — una settimana, cinque minuti prima o fa
back in 1964, April — nel 1964, ad aprile
7) (once again)8) (to sb.'s possession)to give, send sth. back — rendere, rispedire qcs.
to put sth. back — rimettere a posto qcs.
meanwhile, back in Italy, he... — nel frattempo, in Italia, lui...
11) back and forth avanti e indietroto swing back and forth — [ pendulum] oscillare (avanti e indietro)
IV 1. [bæk]the film cuts o moves back and forth between New York and Rome — il film si svolge tra New York e Roma
1) (support) sostenere, appoggiare [party, person, bid, strike, enterprise, project]; appoggiare [ application]2) (finance) finanziare [project, undertaking]to back a bill — comm. econ. avallare una cambiale
4) (substantiate) suffragare, convalidare [argument, claim]5) (reverse)to back sb. into sth. — fare indietreggiare qcn. fino dentro qcs
6) (bet on) puntare, scommettere su [horse, favourite, winner]7) (stiffen, line) rinforzare [ structure]; foderare [ book]; rinforzare, rintelare [ painting]; intelare, foderare [ fabric]2.1) (reverse) fare marcia indietro2) mar. [ wind] cambiare direzione•- back off- back out- back up -
14 shape
shape [∫eɪp]1. nounforme f• what shape is the room? de quelle forme est la pièce ?• I can't stand racism in any shape or form je ne peux pas tolérer le racisme sous quelque forme que ce soit• in poor shape [person, business] mal en point• to knock into shape [+ assistant, soldier] former• to knock sth into shape [+ economy, system] remettre qch sur pied• to keep o.s. in good shape se maintenir en forme• to shape sb's ideas/character former les idées/le caractère de qn• to shape sb's life/the course of events avoir une influence déterminante sur la vie de qn/la marche des événements• how is he shaping up? comment se débrouille-t-il ?* * *[ʃeɪp] 1.1) (of object, building etc) forme f; ( of person) silhouette fto be the right shape — [object] avoir la forme qu'il faut; [person] avoir la silhouette qu'il faut
in the shape of — en forme de [star, cat]
to keep one's shape — [person] garder sa ligne
to take shape — [sculpture, building] prendre forme
to lose its shape — [garment] se déformer
2) ( optimum condition) forme fto knock something into shape — mettre quelque chose au point or en état [project, idea, essay]
to take shape — [plan, project, idea] prendre forme; [events] prendre tournure
my contribution took the shape of helping... — j'ai contribué en aidant...
developments which have changed the shape of our lives — des développements qui ont changé notre mode de vie
I don't condone violence in any shape or form — je n'approuve pas la violence, sous quelque forme que ce soit
4) ( guise)in the shape of — sous (la) forme de [money etc]; en la personne de [policeman etc]
5) ( vague form) forme f, silhouette f2.transitive verb1) (fashion, mould) [person] modeler [clay]; sculpter [wood]; [wind] façonner, sculpter [rock]; [hairdresser] couper [hair]2) fig [person, event] influencer; ( stronger) déterminer [future, idea]; modeler [character]; [person] formuler [policy, project]to play a part in shaping the country's future — avoir un rôle dans la détermination de l'avenir du pays
3) ( in sewing) ( fit closely) ajuster [garment]•Phrasal Verbs:- shape up -
15 CIS
1) Общая лексика: Collective Investment Scheme, hum. сокр. Chromosome Insertion Sequence, коллективная инвестиционная схема, Client Information Sheet (business), межгосударственный (для стран СНГ и international для всех остальных), Common Implementation Strategy, Centre for Intercultural Studies2) Компьютерная техника: Character Information Sheet, Conversion Indexing Sorting3) Авиация: compressor inlet sensor4) Медицина: система клинической информации (clinical information system), Clinically Isolated Syndrome (дебют рассеянного склероза), Клинически Изолированный Синдром5) Разговорное выражение: эсэнгэвский6) Американизм: Central Intelligence Services, Construction Industry Scheme, Consumer Information Statement, Criminal Investigation Section, Customs Information System7) Военный термин: Canadian Intelligence Service, Central Information Service, Central Instructor School, Centre for International Studies, Combat Instruction Set, Communications Intercept System, Communications Interface Shelter, Component Information System, Country Intelligence Study, Criminal Investigative Service, Critical Information Shortfall, central installation supply, change information sheet, close-in support, combat identification system, combat information system, command information system, communications and information system, control indicator set, cost inspection service, Chief, Intelligence and Security (Canadian)8) Техника: Center for Theoretical Studies, chemical injection system, communications and instrumentation system, constant idle speed system, containment internal structure, containment isolation signal, containment isolation system, continuous fuel injection system, coolant injection system9) Юридический термин: Case Information Study, Court Information System, Criminally Insane Snipers10) Автомобильный термин: continuous injection system (Bosch)11) Оптика: compensated imaging system13) Политика: СНГ (Содружество независимых государств)14) Сокращение: Cancer Information Service, Catholic Information Society, Center for International Studies, Chartered Industries of Singapore, Chartered Institute of Secretaries, Combat Intelligence System, Combined Influence Sweep, Command Intelligence System, Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union), Communication & Information System, Conference of Internationally-Minded Schools, Congressional Information Service, Criminal Investigation System (2003 USPS), Center for Internet Security15) Университет: Computer And Information Science16) Физиология: Computer Integrated Surgery17) Вычислительная техника: Card Identification Structure, Card Information Structure, Command Information System (Mil., USA), Compuserve Information Systems (Netzwerk), Card Information Structure / Space (PCMCIA), commonwealth of independent states18) Иммунология: Clinical Information System19) Онкология: Carcinoma In Situ20) Транспорт: Cargo Information Service, Chinese International Shipping, Constant Idle System21) Фирменный знак: Chase Information Systems, Chemical Information Systems, Inc., Com Internet Services, Communication Information Systems22) Полицейский термин: (crime investigation scene) место проведения расследования, (crime investigation scene) место совершения преступления23) Деловая лексика: Client Information System, Common Information System, Computer Information System, Customer Information System, Содружество независимых государств (СНГ, Commonwealth of Independent States)24) Аудит: computer information systems25) Образование: Cities in Schools, Communicating In Spanish, Communities in Schools26) Сетевые технологии: CompuServe Information Service, Computer Internet Server, communication interface system, система сопряжения со средствами связи27) Полупроводники: CMOS imaging sensor28) Сахалин Ю: commonwealth of independent states29) Медицинская техника: cardiac imaging system31) Расширение файла: Contact Image Sensor32) SAP.тех. информационная система компании33) Нефть и газ: corporate information system34) НАТО: Системы связи и информации35) Фантастика Confederacy of Independent Systems36) ООН: Committee For Internal Security37) Чат: Can It Sam38) Аэропорты: The Commonwealth Of Independent States39) Международная торговля: Collaborative Information System -
16 Cis
1) Общая лексика: Collective Investment Scheme, hum. сокр. Chromosome Insertion Sequence, коллективная инвестиционная схема, Client Information Sheet (business), межгосударственный (для стран СНГ и international для всех остальных), Common Implementation Strategy, Centre for Intercultural Studies2) Компьютерная техника: Character Information Sheet, Conversion Indexing Sorting3) Авиация: compressor inlet sensor4) Медицина: система клинической информации (clinical information system), Clinically Isolated Syndrome (дебют рассеянного склероза), Клинически Изолированный Синдром5) Разговорное выражение: эсэнгэвский6) Американизм: Central Intelligence Services, Construction Industry Scheme, Consumer Information Statement, Criminal Investigation Section, Customs Information System7) Военный термин: Canadian Intelligence Service, Central Information Service, Central Instructor School, Centre for International Studies, Combat Instruction Set, Communications Intercept System, Communications Interface Shelter, Component Information System, Country Intelligence Study, Criminal Investigative Service, Critical Information Shortfall, central installation supply, change information sheet, close-in support, combat identification system, combat information system, command information system, communications and information system, control indicator set, cost inspection service, Chief, Intelligence and Security (Canadian)8) Техника: Center for Theoretical Studies, chemical injection system, communications and instrumentation system, constant idle speed system, containment internal structure, containment isolation signal, containment isolation system, continuous fuel injection system, coolant injection system9) Юридический термин: Case Information Study, Court Information System, Criminally Insane Snipers10) Автомобильный термин: continuous injection system (Bosch)11) Оптика: compensated imaging system13) Политика: СНГ (Содружество независимых государств)14) Сокращение: Cancer Information Service, Catholic Information Society, Center for International Studies, Chartered Industries of Singapore, Chartered Institute of Secretaries, Combat Intelligence System, Combined Influence Sweep, Command Intelligence System, Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union), Communication & Information System, Conference of Internationally-Minded Schools, Congressional Information Service, Criminal Investigation System (2003 USPS), Center for Internet Security15) Университет: Computer And Information Science16) Физиология: Computer Integrated Surgery17) Вычислительная техника: Card Identification Structure, Card Information Structure, Command Information System (Mil., USA), Compuserve Information Systems (Netzwerk), Card Information Structure / Space (PCMCIA), commonwealth of independent states18) Иммунология: Clinical Information System19) Онкология: Carcinoma In Situ20) Транспорт: Cargo Information Service, Chinese International Shipping, Constant Idle System21) Фирменный знак: Chase Information Systems, Chemical Information Systems, Inc., Com Internet Services, Communication Information Systems22) Полицейский термин: (crime investigation scene) место проведения расследования, (crime investigation scene) место совершения преступления23) Деловая лексика: Client Information System, Common Information System, Computer Information System, Customer Information System, Содружество независимых государств (СНГ, Commonwealth of Independent States)24) Аудит: computer information systems25) Образование: Cities in Schools, Communicating In Spanish, Communities in Schools26) Сетевые технологии: CompuServe Information Service, Computer Internet Server, communication interface system, система сопряжения со средствами связи27) Полупроводники: CMOS imaging sensor28) Сахалин Ю: commonwealth of independent states29) Медицинская техника: cardiac imaging system31) Расширение файла: Contact Image Sensor32) SAP.тех. информационная система компании33) Нефть и газ: corporate information system34) НАТО: Системы связи и информации35) Фантастика Confederacy of Independent Systems36) ООН: Committee For Internal Security37) Чат: Can It Sam38) Аэропорты: The Commonwealth Of Independent States39) Международная торговля: Collaborative Information System -
17 cis
1) Общая лексика: Collective Investment Scheme, hum. сокр. Chromosome Insertion Sequence, коллективная инвестиционная схема, Client Information Sheet (business), межгосударственный (для стран СНГ и international для всех остальных), Common Implementation Strategy, Centre for Intercultural Studies2) Компьютерная техника: Character Information Sheet, Conversion Indexing Sorting3) Авиация: compressor inlet sensor4) Медицина: система клинической информации (clinical information system), Clinically Isolated Syndrome (дебют рассеянного склероза), Клинически Изолированный Синдром5) Разговорное выражение: эсэнгэвский6) Американизм: Central Intelligence Services, Construction Industry Scheme, Consumer Information Statement, Criminal Investigation Section, Customs Information System7) Военный термин: Canadian Intelligence Service, Central Information Service, Central Instructor School, Centre for International Studies, Combat Instruction Set, Communications Intercept System, Communications Interface Shelter, Component Information System, Country Intelligence Study, Criminal Investigative Service, Critical Information Shortfall, central installation supply, change information sheet, close-in support, combat identification system, combat information system, command information system, communications and information system, control indicator set, cost inspection service, Chief, Intelligence and Security (Canadian)8) Техника: Center for Theoretical Studies, chemical injection system, communications and instrumentation system, constant idle speed system, containment internal structure, containment isolation signal, containment isolation system, continuous fuel injection system, coolant injection system9) Юридический термин: Case Information Study, Court Information System, Criminally Insane Snipers10) Автомобильный термин: continuous injection system (Bosch)11) Оптика: compensated imaging system13) Политика: СНГ (Содружество независимых государств)14) Сокращение: Cancer Information Service, Catholic Information Society, Center for International Studies, Chartered Industries of Singapore, Chartered Institute of Secretaries, Combat Intelligence System, Combined Influence Sweep, Command Intelligence System, Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union), Communication & Information System, Conference of Internationally-Minded Schools, Congressional Information Service, Criminal Investigation System (2003 USPS), Center for Internet Security15) Университет: Computer And Information Science16) Физиология: Computer Integrated Surgery17) Вычислительная техника: Card Identification Structure, Card Information Structure, Command Information System (Mil., USA), Compuserve Information Systems (Netzwerk), Card Information Structure / Space (PCMCIA), commonwealth of independent states18) Иммунология: Clinical Information System19) Онкология: Carcinoma In Situ20) Транспорт: Cargo Information Service, Chinese International Shipping, Constant Idle System21) Фирменный знак: Chase Information Systems, Chemical Information Systems, Inc., Com Internet Services, Communication Information Systems22) Полицейский термин: (crime investigation scene) место проведения расследования, (crime investigation scene) место совершения преступления23) Деловая лексика: Client Information System, Common Information System, Computer Information System, Customer Information System, Содружество независимых государств (СНГ, Commonwealth of Independent States)24) Аудит: computer information systems25) Образование: Cities in Schools, Communicating In Spanish, Communities in Schools26) Сетевые технологии: CompuServe Information Service, Computer Internet Server, communication interface system, система сопряжения со средствами связи27) Полупроводники: CMOS imaging sensor28) Сахалин Ю: commonwealth of independent states29) Медицинская техника: cardiac imaging system31) Расширение файла: Contact Image Sensor32) SAP.тех. информационная система компании33) Нефть и газ: corporate information system34) НАТО: Системы связи и информации35) Фантастика Confederacy of Independent Systems36) ООН: Committee For Internal Security37) Чат: Can It Sam38) Аэропорты: The Commonwealth Of Independent States39) Международная торговля: Collaborative Information System -
18 CFS
1) Общая лексика: Customer Facing Service2) Компьютерная техника: Continuous Feed System, Continuous Fuzzy Subset3) Авиация: cold finished steel4) Морской термин: пункт обработки грузовых контейнеров (container freight station)5) Американизм: Common Foreign And Security7) Военный термин: Canadian Forces station, component failure summary, concept formulation studies, contract field service, contract financial status8) Техника: carrier frequency stabilization, carrier frequency synthesizer, cavity fission source, central frequency synthesizer, coalface surveyor, coherent frequency synthesizer, condensate and feed water system, core flooding system, core former structure9) Сельское хозяйство: Cattle For Sale10) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Financial Strategies11) Политика: Committee on World Food Security (Комитет ФАО по всемирной продовольственной безопасности)12) Сокращение: Central Flying School (UK Royal Air Force), Chief of Fleet Support, II Computerized Forwarding System II, carrier frequency shift, center frequency stabilization, Child-Friendly spaces, Computerized Forwarding System I13) Университет: Canadian Federation Of Students, Cleveland Fun Squad14) Электроника: Capacitor Fast Switching15) Вычислительная техника: Caching File System, Cryptographic FileSystem (Linux, Verschluesselung), Center for Standards (organization, JIEO, DISA)16) Нефть: кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per second), число кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per second)17) Транспорт: Commodity Flow Survey, Container Freight Station18) Пищевая промышленность: Chocolate Frosted Sprinkled19) Фирменный знак: Chandrasekhar Friedmann And Schutz20) Деловая лексика: Corporate Flag Ship, склад контейнерных грузов (container freight station)21) SAP. формирование капитала за счёт накопления взносов22) Бурение: кубических футов в секунду (cubic feet per second)23) Сетевые технологии: Cdrom File System24) ЕБРР: credit file supervisor25) Программирование: Corrupt File Structure26) Полупроводники: constant final state27) Океанография: Cubic Foot Per Second28) Химическое оружие: Chemical feed system29) Авиационная медицина: chronic fatigue syndrome30) Безопасность: Cryptographic File System31) Расширение файла: Caching/Common File System32) Общественная организация: Center for Food Safety, Christian Family Services33) Должность: Certified Fund Specialist -
19 Cfs
1) Общая лексика: Customer Facing Service2) Компьютерная техника: Continuous Feed System, Continuous Fuzzy Subset3) Авиация: cold finished steel4) Морской термин: пункт обработки грузовых контейнеров (container freight station)5) Американизм: Common Foreign And Security7) Военный термин: Canadian Forces station, component failure summary, concept formulation studies, contract field service, contract financial status8) Техника: carrier frequency stabilization, carrier frequency synthesizer, cavity fission source, central frequency synthesizer, coalface surveyor, coherent frequency synthesizer, condensate and feed water system, core flooding system, core former structure9) Сельское хозяйство: Cattle For Sale10) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Financial Strategies11) Политика: Committee on World Food Security (Комитет ФАО по всемирной продовольственной безопасности)12) Сокращение: Central Flying School (UK Royal Air Force), Chief of Fleet Support, II Computerized Forwarding System II, carrier frequency shift, center frequency stabilization, Child-Friendly spaces, Computerized Forwarding System I13) Университет: Canadian Federation Of Students, Cleveland Fun Squad14) Электроника: Capacitor Fast Switching15) Вычислительная техника: Caching File System, Cryptographic FileSystem (Linux, Verschluesselung), Center for Standards (organization, JIEO, DISA)16) Нефть: кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per second), число кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per second)17) Транспорт: Commodity Flow Survey, Container Freight Station18) Пищевая промышленность: Chocolate Frosted Sprinkled19) Фирменный знак: Chandrasekhar Friedmann And Schutz20) Деловая лексика: Corporate Flag Ship, склад контейнерных грузов (container freight station)21) SAP. формирование капитала за счёт накопления взносов22) Бурение: кубических футов в секунду (cubic feet per second)23) Сетевые технологии: Cdrom File System24) ЕБРР: credit file supervisor25) Программирование: Corrupt File Structure26) Полупроводники: constant final state27) Океанография: Cubic Foot Per Second28) Химическое оружие: Chemical feed system29) Авиационная медицина: chronic fatigue syndrome30) Безопасность: Cryptographic File System31) Расширение файла: Caching/Common File System32) Общественная организация: Center for Food Safety, Christian Family Services33) Должность: Certified Fund Specialist -
20 cfs
1) Общая лексика: Customer Facing Service2) Компьютерная техника: Continuous Feed System, Continuous Fuzzy Subset3) Авиация: cold finished steel4) Морской термин: пункт обработки грузовых контейнеров (container freight station)5) Американизм: Common Foreign And Security7) Военный термин: Canadian Forces station, component failure summary, concept formulation studies, contract field service, contract financial status8) Техника: carrier frequency stabilization, carrier frequency synthesizer, cavity fission source, central frequency synthesizer, coalface surveyor, coherent frequency synthesizer, condensate and feed water system, core flooding system, core former structure9) Сельское хозяйство: Cattle For Sale10) Бухгалтерия: Comprehensive Financial Strategies11) Политика: Committee on World Food Security (Комитет ФАО по всемирной продовольственной безопасности)12) Сокращение: Central Flying School (UK Royal Air Force), Chief of Fleet Support, II Computerized Forwarding System II, carrier frequency shift, center frequency stabilization, Child-Friendly spaces, Computerized Forwarding System I13) Университет: Canadian Federation Of Students, Cleveland Fun Squad14) Электроника: Capacitor Fast Switching15) Вычислительная техника: Caching File System, Cryptographic FileSystem (Linux, Verschluesselung), Center for Standards (organization, JIEO, DISA)16) Нефть: кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per second), число кубических футов в минуту (cubic feet per second)17) Транспорт: Commodity Flow Survey, Container Freight Station18) Пищевая промышленность: Chocolate Frosted Sprinkled19) Фирменный знак: Chandrasekhar Friedmann And Schutz20) Деловая лексика: Corporate Flag Ship, склад контейнерных грузов (container freight station)21) SAP. формирование капитала за счёт накопления взносов22) Бурение: кубических футов в секунду (cubic feet per second)23) Сетевые технологии: Cdrom File System24) ЕБРР: credit file supervisor25) Программирование: Corrupt File Structure26) Полупроводники: constant final state27) Океанография: Cubic Foot Per Second28) Химическое оружие: Chemical feed system29) Авиационная медицина: chronic fatigue syndrome30) Безопасность: Cryptographic File System31) Расширение файла: Caching/Common File System32) Общественная организация: Center for Food Safety, Christian Family Services33) Должность: Certified Fund Specialist
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