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sol+deficit

Толкование Перевод

1 deficio

dē-ficio, fēcī, fectum, ere [ facio ]

1) отложиться, отпасть, изменить (d. abaliquo L, C etc.; d. ab amicitia populi Romani Cs)

d. a patribus ad plebem L — перейти от патрициев на сторону плебса

d. a se C — изменить самому себе

illis legibus d. L — отказаться от соблюдения этих законов

d. a virtute C — утратить доблесть (добродетельность)

2) оказываться недостаточным, не хватать, недоставать (si cibaria defecerint in navigatione Dig)

aquā ciboque defecti Q — лишённые воды и продовольствия

dies deficiat, si velim eam causam defendere C — не хватило бы дня, если бы я пожелал защищать это дело

vires deficiunt Cs — силы слабеют (сил не хватает)

membrum quod defĭcit CC — парализованная часть тела

pecunia deficit L — не хватает денег

negandi causa avaro numquam deficit PS — у скупца никогда дело не станет за причиной отказа

horrea fecundas ad messes deficientia Tib — житницы, которые не в состоянии вместить богатый урожай

non me deficiet rogitare Prp — я не перестану спрашивать

3)

а) приходить в упадок ( pictura defecit Pt)

memoria deficit C etc. — память слабеет (начинает изменять)

d. vitā Pl etc. — находиться при смерти

deficiens inquit Pt — он в изнеможении сказал

nec animo defēcit, nec consilio L — он не утратил ни мужества, ни благоразумия

non deficiente crumēnā H — с достаточными средствами

d. aliquem (редко alicui) — недоставать у кого-л. (tempus deficit aliquem VM; tela nostris — v. l. nostros — deficiunt Cs)

linguam defecerat umor O — язык пересох

dubiis ne defice rebus V — не оставляй (меня) в затруднительных обстоятельствах

б) pass.

deficitur aliquis (aliquid) (ab) aliquā re — кто-(что-)л. лишен(о) чего-л. (defici a viribus Cs; defici pecunia Sen)

defici animo QC — лишиться сознания, но (см. выше)

animo defĭcere Lcr, Cs etc. или просто d. Cs, C etc. — пасть духом, приуныть

defectum corpore caput PJ — голова, отделённая от тела

sanguine defecti artus O — обескровленные члены

4) беднеть, нищать, банкротиться, становиться неплатёжеспособным ( si debitores defecerint Dig)

5) гаснуть, угасать

ignis deficit V — огонь гаснет (догорает), но

tenent Danai quā deficit ignis V — данайцы захватили (всё), что пощадил огонь

sol deficit C — происходит солнечное затмение

progenies Caesarum in Nerone defēcit Su — род Цезарей угас с Нероном

6)

а) убывать, убавляться, уменьшаться

lunā deficiente AG — когда луна на ущербе

dies deficit Mela — день склоняется к закату

mare deficit L — на море отлив

fontes aquae deficiunt O — вода в источнике убавляется (высыхает)

б) подходить к концу, оканчиваться

deficiente die Pt — на закате

in deficiente vero jam porticu Pt — уже в самом конце колоннады

7) (тж. d. vitā Pl) умирать, скончаться (d. prope lucem Su; deficit omne, quod nascitur Q)

d. sanguine et spiritu VM — умереть от потери крови

8) юр. быть или оказаться недействительным, утратить силу (deficit interdictum Dig)

9) уходить, покидать (orbem O; somnus deficit aliquem Tib)

Латинско-русский словарь > deficio
2 deficio

, defeci, defectum, deficere 3

  быть недостаточным, недоставать, не хватать

  ♦ luna deficit лунное затмение

  ♦ sol deficit солнечное затмение

  ♦ dies deficit темнеет, наступает вечер

Dictionary Latin-Russian new > deficio
3 deficio

dē-ficio, fēcī, fectum, ere (de u. facio), eig. wegmachen, I) intr. oder refl., sich weg-, fortmachen, u. zwar: A) eine Verbindung trennend = sich losmachen, abtrünnig od. untreu werden, a) im polit. Sinne (Ggstz. in fide manere, ad officium redire), defecerat Samus, descierat Hellespontus, Nep.: ne cuncta Gallia deficeret, Caes.: ut civitates eius insulae, quae semel in amicitiam nostram venissent, numquam postea deficerent, Cic. – ne civitas eorum impulsu (auf ihren Antrieb) deficeret, Caes.: iam nonnullae insulae propter acerbitatem imperii defecerant, Nep: – ne Apulia omnis ad (bei) praesentem terrorem deficeret, Liv.: ne illi ad spem amicitiae Romanorum (bei der Aussicht auf die Fr. der R.) deficerent, Liv. – m. ab u. Abl., selten m. bl. Abl.von wem? deficientes a fide societatis Lacedaemonii, Iustin.: qui (Tissaphernes) ab amicitia regis defecerat, Nep.: ceteri qui unā cum illo a re publica defecerunt, Cic.: consules a senatu, a re publica, a bonis omnibus defecerant, Cic.: numquam isti populi, nisi cum deerit ad quem desciscant, ab nobis non deficient, Liv.: animadvertit non modo Romae sed ubique cotidie magnam multitudinem deficere a cultu idolorum et ad religionem novam damnatā vetustate transire, Lact. – illis legibus (von den G.) populus Romanus prior non deficiet (wird nicht abgehen); si prior defexit publico consilio dolo malo, tum etc., alte Eidesformel b. Liv. 1, 24, 7 sq. – m. ad u. Akk., defecere ad Poenos hi populi, Liv.: post victoriam maior pars Asiae ad eum defecit, Iustin.: qui primus a patribus ad plebem defecisset, Liv.: Athenienses et Thebanos ab eo ad Persas defecisse, Iustin. – b) moral. od. intellektuell: si a virtute defeceris, Cic.: ut a me ipse deficerem (mir selbst untreu würde), Cic.: si plane a nobis deficis (von unserer Ansicht), Cic.: si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit, Cic.

B) abnehmend, schwindend sich wegmachen od. wegbleiben, abnehmen, abfallen, ausgehen, ausbleiben, aufhören, a) dem Umfange, der Größe, Höhe nach, v. Monde, abnehmen (Ggstz. crescere), eadem autem, quae crescente lunā gliscunt, deficiente contra defiunt, Gell. 20, 8, 5. – v. Sonne u. Tag, untergehen, sich neigen, erlöschen, quā venit (deus = sol) exoriens, quā deficit, Prop.: ubi dies deficit, ibi noctem agunt, Mela: die iam deficiente, Petron. – v. Sonne u. Mond, sich verfinstern, quod navigantibus eis sol defecerat (eine Sonnenfinsternis eingetreten war), Iustin.: solem lunae oppositu solere deficere, Cic.: luna interpositu interiectuque terrae repente deficit, Cic.: serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna deficit, Cic.: sol deficiens, Cic.: luna deficiens, Curt.: rationes veras solis et lunae deficientium scire, Gell. – v. Feuer u. Licht, ab-, ausgehen, erlöschen, ubi ignem deficere extremum videbat, Verg. Aen. 9, 352 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 2, 505, s. no. b): quoties defecerat lumen, renovabat, Petron. 111, 4. – v. Gewässern, abnehmen, zurücktreten, sich verlieren (Ggstz. crescere, increscere, exuberare, exaestuare), fons meridie semper deficit; mox increscens ad medium noctis exuberat, ab eo rursus sensim deficit, Plin.: stagnum incertae altitudinis, utcumque exaestuat aut deficit mare, flutet od. ebbet, Liv. – v. Quellen u. Flüssen, ausbleiben, versiegen, deficiunt laesi carmine (durch Zauberspruch) fontis aquae, Ov.: Euphrates nusquam manifesto exitu effluit, ut alii amnes, sed deficit, Mela. – v. der Welt, untergehen (Ggstz. nasci), s. Quint. 5, 10, 79. – v. Befestigungswerken, weichen, nachgeben, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 12.

b) der Ausdehnung in die Länge nach, aufhören, quā deficit ignis (wohin das Feuer nicht gedrungen ist), Verg. Aen. 2, 505 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 9, 352, s. oben no. a): quoniam talis semper figura mucrone deficiat, Plin.: gestatio buxo aut rore marino, ubi deficit buxus, ambitur, Plin. ep. – bes. v. Örtl., deficiunt silvae, Ov.: ultima pars aulae deficientis erat, Mart.: in deficiente iam porticu, Petron.

c) der Menge, Zahl, dem Inhalte nach, abnehmen, auf die Neige gehen, nicht (mehr) ausreichen, ausgehen, mangeln, fehlen, α) übh. (Ggstz. crescere, superare): non materia, non frumentum deficere poterat, Caes.: fructus (al. frons) ex arboribus deficiebat, Caes.: postquam inter arenas radices quoque et herbae defecerant, Sen.: pabulo circa deficiente, Plin.: aqua etiam defecerat, Curt.: cum eius generis (an derart Leuten) copia deficeret, Caes.: non deficiente crumenā (mit hinreichenden Mitteln), Hor. ep. 1, 4, 11: deficiente crumenā et crescente, Iuven. 11, 38: utrum superans an deficiens materia (Körpersäfte) laeserit, Cels.: si vel superans aliquid vel deficiens (ein Übermaß od. ein Mangel) adversam valetudinem creet, Cels.: si lacrimae deficient, Ov. – v. Abstr., nec vero levitatis Atheniensium exempla deficiunt, Cic.: deficit non voluntas, sed spes, Cic.: quod mihi consuevit in ceteris causis esse adiumento, id quoque in hac causa deficit, Cic. – v. Pers., cum esset Demosthenes, multi oratores magni et clari fuerunt et ante fuerant nec postea defecerunt, Cic. or. 6: Pygmaei, minutum genus, et quod pro satis frugibus contra grues dimicando defecit (ausgegangen ist), Mela 3, 8, 8 (3. § 81). – Insbes. als jurist. t. t., α) v. Rechtsfällen = wegfallen, in Wegfall kommen, keine Anwendung finden, nicht stattfinden od. -haben, nicht eintreten, zB. deficit actio, ICt.: deficit interdictum, ICt. – β) prägn., v. Pers., in Vermögensverfall kommen, verarmen, bankrott-, zahlungsunfähig werden, nisi principales debitores defecerint, Callistr. dig. 49, 14, 3. § 8: deficit Matho, Iuven. 7, 129 (vgl. unten no. II defici facultatibus, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in.).

d) der Zeitdauer nach, nicht ausreichen, zu kurz sein, dies deficiat, si velim numerare, quibus bonis male evenerit, Cic.: dies deficiat, si velim paupertatis causam defendere, Cic. (vgl. no. II, a, wo dies iam me deficiet, si etc.): si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, Caes.: utque solebamus consumere longa loquendo tempora, sermoni (al. sermonem) deficiente die, Ov. trist. 5, 13, 27 sq.

e) der Reihenfolge nach aufhören, erlöschen, remotus iam deficientis affinitatis gradus, Plin. pan. 39, 6: progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit, Suet. Galb. 1.

f) der intensiven Stärke, inneren Kraft, dem Grade nach abnehmen, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, erlahmen, ermatten, erlöschen, in Verfall kommen, dahinschwinden, sinken, erschöpft (entkräftet, abgespannt, geschwächt, gelähmt) sein od. sich fühlen, die Kraft (Kräfte) verlieren, von Kräften kommen,α) v. sächl. Subjj., u. zwar v. Körper, v. Gliedern, Körperkräften u. dgl., deficiunt corpora, Quint.: in ipso gelu deficientia corpora, Curt.: inclinatum ac deficiens caput, Curt.: id membrum, quod deficit, das gelähmte Glied, Cels.: membra deficere coeperunt, Curt.: me tenuit moriens deficiente manu, Ov.: deficiunt ad coepta manus, Ov.: quorundam adversus hostes deficit manus, Sen. rhet. – anima deficit, es tritt Ohnmacht ein, Cels.: deficientibus animis, indem die Besinnung ausging, Liv.: antequam ultimus spiritus deficeret, Curt. – ne vires deficiant, utique eo die cibum assumere debet (aeger), Cels.: quamvis consenuerint vires atque defecerint, Cic. – v. der Stimme u. Rede, vox iam deficere coeperat, Curt.: credo, si meis horis in accusando uti voluissem, vererer, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent, Cic.: deficiente oratione, da ihm die Worte ausgingen, Liv.: deflere dicitur ore suam deficiente necem (v. Schwan), Ov. – v. physischen Zuständen, itaque et animantes, cum calor defecerit, tum interire, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 15. – v. polit. Zuständen, bellum ibi aliquando defecit, Flor. 4, 2, 6: deficiente cotidie regis maiestate, täglich (an Ansehen) abnahm, sank, Iustin. 3, 1, 1. – v. Rechtszuständen, si cautio medio tempore defecerit, wenn die bestellte Kaution in Verfall gekommen ist (= wegen Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Schuldners nicht erfüllt werden kann), Papin. dig. 35, 1, 73. – v. geistigen u. gemütlichen Zuständen, noli ergo mirari, si pictura deficit, wenn die Malerkunst (in ihren Leistungen) sinkt (herunterkommt), Petron.: deficit ars animique cadunt, Ov.: nisi memoria (das Gedächtnis) forte defecerit, Cic.: utcumque defecere mores (Zucht u. Sitte), Hor.: cur deficiat animus (Mut)? Quint.: u. so primum animi, deinde corpora deficere coeperunt, Curt. – m. Dat. wem? mihi iam toto hic furor non deficit anno, hört auf, Prop. 1, 1, 7. – m. in u. Abl., ut id (odium) in me uno potius, quam in optimo quoque et in universa civitate deficeret, aufhörte (sich austobte), Cic. post red. ad Quir. 1; vgl. duo milia, in quibus occidendis defecerat rabies, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 17. – poet. m. folg. Infin. = nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Lucr. 1, 1040. Caes. German. Arat. 260 (vgl. unten no. β). – β) v. persönl. Subjj.: is qui deficit, der Schwache, Cels.: lassus tam cito deficis viator, Mart.: medicus si deficere aegrum non intellegit, Sen.: deficiebat elephantus, Curt.: equus deficiens procubuit, Curt.: malle eum deficere quam desinere, daß ihm eher der Atem als die Rede ausgehe, Quint.: optimus virtutis finis est antequam deficias desinere, Sen. rhet.: nec tamen illi defecerunt (ermatteten [im Forschen]) neque nos studium exquirendi defatigati relinquemus, Cic.: Ggstz. incertum est an (filii) proficiant (gedeihen), an deficiant (schwächlich werden), Augustin. in psalm. 38, 19. – m. Abl. wodurch? womit? et simul lassitudine et procedente iam die fame etiam deficere, Liv.: quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, schwach, invalid geworden waren, Caes.: neque coniuncti Albicis (mit den Alb.) comminus pugnando deficiebant, ermatteten nicht durch den Nahkampf = ließen es nicht im N. an sich fehlen, Caes. – def. totā mente, ganz von Sinnen kom men, ganz die Besinnung verlieren, Ov.: def. animo, den Mut (die Hoffnung) sinken lassen, zB. animo deficiens, ohne Hoffnung u. Trost, Lucr.: ipse animo non defecerat tanto accepto incommodo, Caes.: sin a vobis deserar, tamen animo non deficiam, Cic.: consul nec animo defecit nec consilio, dem K. ging weder der Mut noch die Einsicht ab, Liv.: non tamen defecere animis Tyrii, Curt. – def. vitā, mit dem Leben auf die Neige kommen, verscheiden, Plaut. asin. 609. – def. sanguine et spiritu, an der Verblutung verscheiden, Val. Max. 3, 2. ext. 5. – m. folg. Infin., nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Tibull. 4, 1, 191. Rutil. Lup. 2, 18 (vgl. oben no. α a. E.). – Prägn., αα) die Besinnung verlieren, in Ohnmacht fallen, animo linquuntur deficiuntque, Scrib.: deficit in thalamis, Val. Flacc. – ββ) den Halt verlieren, den Mut sinken lassen, kleinmütig werden (s. Heinse Ov. her. 19, 8. Duker Flor. 2, 2, 17. Burm. Ps. Quint. decl. 339), sed tamen quam diu vos eritis in spe, non deficiam, Cic.: ne unā plagā acceptā patres conscripti concĭderent, ne deficerent, Cic.: Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt, Verg.: deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus, Verg.: ne hi propter suorum paucitatem et hostium multitudinem metu (aus F.) deficerent, Auct. b. Afr.: nec defuerant qui ipsi Punici maris nomine ac terrore deficerent, Flor. – in duris (in Drangsalen) haud umquam defice, laß nicht den Mut sinken, Val. Flacc. 4, 35. – γγ) verscheiden, hinsterben, cum deficere eum amici viderent, Iustin.: paulatim defecit, Sen.: defecit prope lucem, Suet.: in ea voce defecit, Suet.: eo anno, quo ille defecit, Sulp. Sev.: voces (Äußerungen) deficientis, Tac.: momenta (Stadien) deficientis, Tac.

g) als jurist. t. t., vom zur Erbschaft Berufenen, der sie aber nicht erwerben will od. kann, ausfallen, in Wegfall kommen, nicht in Betracht kommen, deficiente gradu nepotum, wenn die Abstufung der E. in Wegfall kommt, ICt.: is in parte quoque deficientis est heres, ICt.: deficientium partes accipere, ICt.

II) v. tr.: a) act., jmd. verlassen = jmd. im Stiche lassen, sich jmdm. entziehen, von lebl. Subjj. auch jmdm. ausbleiben, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, dahinschwinden, jmdm. abgehen, gebrechen, für jmd. nicht ausreichen, α) v. Pers.: quoniam me Leontina civitas atque legatio propter eam quam dixi causam defecit, mihimet ineunda ratio est etc., Cic. Verr. 3, 110: genitor Phaëthontis (der Sonnengott) cum deficit orbem, sich der Welt entzieht (= sich verfinstert), Ov. met. 2, 382: Somnus (Schlaf als Gott) sollicitas deficit ante domos, Tibull. 3, 4, 20. – absol., dubiis ne defice rebus, laß (mich) nicht im Stiche, Verg. Aen. 6, 196. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: αα) m. Acc. pers.: ipsos res frumentaria deficere coepit, Caes.: non eum defecit mare, sed commeatus, Mela: cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostros deficerent, Caes.: cum oppidanos iam tela, iam vires, iam ante omnia animus (Mut) deficeret, Liv.: frustra meae vitae subvenire conamini, quem iam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Caes.: cum me vires deficere coepissent, Cic.: deficient inopem venae te, ni cibus accedet, dir Armen versiegen die Adern (versiegt die Lebenskraft), Hor.: sectantem levia (Abglättung) nervi deficiunt animique (dichterischer Geist), Hor.: ii, quos discentes vita defecit, Cic.: me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si hoc nunc vociferari velim, Cic.: dies iam me deficiat, si, quae dici in eam sententiam possunt, coner expromere, Cic. (vgl. oben no. I, B, d): dies me citius defecerit quam nomina, Cic.: tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret, Cic.: tempus deficiet domestica narrantem, Val. Max.: neque est periculum, ne te de re publica disserentem deficiat oratio, Cic.: omnia colligo, ut novi scribam aliquid ad te; sed, ut vides, res me ipsa deficit, Cic.: ut eorum, quae didicerimus, memoria nos deficiat, Col.: si te deficient poscendi munera causae, Ov. – dolor (Unwille) me non deficit, Cic.: si quem illa praestantis ingenii vis forte deficiet, Cic.: animus si te non deficiet aequus, Hor.: prudentia numquam deficit oratorem, Cic.: ea me solacia deficiunt, Cic.: cum motus omnis animi, tamquam ventus, hominem defecerat (sich gelegt hatte), flaccescebat oratio, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? nostros vires lassitudine deficiebant, Caes. – m. in (in, bei) u. Abl., vox eum defecit in illo loco: ›Si sciens fallo‹, Cic.: nec supersumus pugnae nisi in quibus trucidandis et ferrum et vires hostem defecerunt (den Dienst versagten), Liv.: si me in mea querimonia... non modo vires, sed etiam vita deficiat, mir ausginge, Cic.: Fonteium in hac causa deficerent omnia, Cic. – m. ad u. Akk. Gerund., quia consulem ad regendum equum vires deficiebant, Liv. – poet. m. folg. Infin., nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, ich werde nicht nachlassen (nimmer ruhen), Prop. 1, 8, 23. – ββ) m. Acc. rei: ne deficiant animum, Varro: linguam defecerat umor (Speichel), Ov.: noctes lentus non deficit umor (Tau), Verg.

b) pass.: α) deficitur alqs od. alqd ab alqa re od. bl. alqā re, es wird jmd. od. eine Sache von etw. verlassen, im Stiche gelassen, es geht mit etw. bei jmd. auf die Neige, es verläßt jmd. etw., es bleibt od. geht jmdm. etw. aus, es ist jmd. ohne etw., es geht jmdm. od. einer Sache etw. ab, es mangelt od. gebricht jmdm. od. einer Sache an etw. (dah. Ggstz. abundat alqs od. alqd alqā re), teils v. pers. Subjj., defici a viribus, Caes.: deficior prudens artis ab arte mea, Ov.: quae (mulier) neque peperit neque gravida est, si lac habet, a menstruis defecta est, bei ihr ist die Regel ausgeblieben, Cels. – defici pecuniā, clientium turbā, nobilitate et avorum proavorumque serie, Sen.: defici non gressu modo, sed et visu, Suet.: defici copiā pabuli frumentique, Hirt. b. G.: lacte defici (v. einer Hündin), Col.: animo defici, die Besinnung verlieren, ohnmächtig werden, Curt.: auxilio defici, in einen hilflosen Zustand geraten, Scrib.: defici facultatibus, in Vermögensverfallkommen, verarmen, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in. (vgl. oben no. I, B, c aus Iuven. 7, 129): non defici extemporali facultate, Suet.: tempore deficiar, tragicos si persequar ignes, Ov.: mulier abundat audaciā, consilio et ratione deficitur, Cic. – m. folg. Satz m. quominus u. Konj., si memoriā deficitur, quo minus agnoscat cuiusque progeniem, Col. 7, 9, 12. – Partiz. Perf., aquā ciboque defecti, Quint.: defectus pilis, nur noch dünn behaart, Phaedr.: defectus aetatis viribus et acie oculorum, Val. Max.: defectus senio, Col.: defectus annis et desertus viribus, mit den Jahren auf der Neige, Phaedr.: u. Superl., defectissimus annis et viribus, Col. 1. prooem. § 12. – ohne Abl., colluvies defectae fidei, Apul. met. 5, 24: defectae senectutis homo, ein altersschwacher, Ulp. dig.: Plur. subst., dēfectī, ōrum, m., Schwache, Plin. 2, 28. – teils von sächl. u. abstr. Subjj., Mysiam Libyamque aiunt abundare frumentis; nec tamen Apulos Campanosque agros opimis defici segetibus, Mela: haec amoenitas deficitur aquā salienti, Plin. ep.: ut defunctorum voluntates, etiamsi iure deficerentur, quasi perfectas tuerer, Plin. ep. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., multorum crudelitas et ambitio et luxuria, ut paria pessimis audeat, fortunae favore deficitur, Sen. ep. 42, 4. – u. Partiz. Perf., defectum corpore caput, vom Rumpfe getrennter, Plin. pan.: defecta vigore cervix, Ov.: sanguine defecti artus, verbluteten, Ov.: sol defectus lumine, Tibull.: ars nec exemplis pauperior nec oratione defectior, ermangelnder, Apul. de deo Socr. prol. p. 111 H. (p. 4, 17 G.). – β) absol., prägn., teils = an Substanz abfallen, si non terrestri cibo membra corporis alantur, deficientur (so schwinden sie zusammen), Vitr. 8. praef. § 2: teils = die Kräfte (den Atem) verlieren, ermattet-, erschöpft werden, in quo non modo defici (den Atem verlieren), sed etiam laborare (zu stocken) turpe est, Cic. Brut. 34: non usque adeo defectum (esse) Germanicum, fühle sich entkräftet, Tac. ann. 2, 70: teils deficior = es gebricht mir an Befähigung dazu, uti si quid de his rebus et artibus iudicare et probare opus fuerit ne deficiatur, Vitr. 1, 1, 16. – u. Partiz. defectus, α) als jurist. t. t., vom Schuldner im Stiche gelassen, defecta nomina, nicht mehr einzutreibende Schuldforderungen, Paul. dig. 22, 1, 11. § 1. – β) mangelhaft, currus (weil ihm die Vorstecknägel vor den Rädern fehlen), Hyg. fab. 84. – γ) abgeschwächt, schwach, im Kompar., in tumidis (speculis videntur) omnia defectiora, at contra in cavis auctiora, Apul. apol. 16. – insbes., physisch geschwächt, schwach (bes. auch altersschwach), ermattet, erschöpft (s. Heinse Ov. fast. 3, 674), v. Pers., quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem, Ov.: sidera obscura attributa defectis, den Altersschwachen, Plin.: v. Körper usw. u. v. menschl. Zuständen, defectum corpus, Tac.: homo defectae senectutis, ICt.: def. amor, Ov. – / defexit altlat. = defecerit, alte Eidesformel bei Liv. 1, 24, 8.

lateinisch-deutsches > deficio
4 deficio

dē-ficio, fēcī, fectum, ere (de u. facio), eig. wegmachen, I) intr. oder refl., sich weg-, fortmachen, u. zwar: A) eine Verbindung trennend = sich losmachen, abtrünnig od. untreu werden, a) im polit. Sinne (Ggstz. in fide manere, ad officium redire), defecerat Samus, descierat Hellespontus, Nep.: ne cuncta Gallia deficeret, Caes.: ut civitates eius insulae, quae semel in amicitiam nostram venissent, numquam postea deficerent, Cic. – ne civitas eorum impulsu (auf ihren Antrieb) deficeret, Caes.: iam nonnullae insulae propter acerbitatem imperii defecerant, Nep: – ne Apulia omnis ad (bei) praesentem terrorem deficeret, Liv.: ne illi ad spem amicitiae Romanorum (bei der Aussicht auf die Fr. der R.) deficerent, Liv. – m. ab u. Abl., selten m. bl. Abl.von wem? deficientes a fide societatis Lacedaemonii, Iustin.: qui (Tissaphernes) ab amicitia regis defecerat, Nep.: ceteri qui unā cum illo a re publica defecerunt, Cic.: consules a senatu, a re publica, a bonis omnibus defecerant, Cic.: numquam isti populi, nisi cum deerit ad quem desciscant, ab nobis non deficient, Liv.: animadvertit non modo Romae sed ubique cotidie magnam multitudinem deficere a cultu idolorum et ad religionem novam damnatā vetustate transire, Lact. – illis legibus (von den G.) populus Romanus prior non deficiet (wird nicht abgehen); si prior defexit publico consilio dolo

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malo, tum etc., alte Eidesformel b. Liv. 1, 24, 7 sq. – m. ad u. Akk., defecere ad Poenos hi populi, Liv.: post victoriam maior pars Asiae ad eum defecit, Iustin.: qui primus a patribus ad plebem defecisset, Liv.: Athenienses et Thebanos ab eo ad Persas defecisse, Iustin. – b) moral. od. intellektuell: si a virtute defeceris, Cic.: ut a me ipse deficerem (mir selbst untreu würde), Cic.: si plane a nobis deficis (von unserer Ansicht), Cic.: si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit, Cic.

B) abnehmend, schwindend sich wegmachen od. wegbleiben, abnehmen, abfallen, ausgehen, ausbleiben, aufhören, a) dem Umfange, der Größe, Höhe nach, v. Monde, abnehmen (Ggstz. crescere), eadem autem, quae crescente lunā gliscunt, deficiente contra defiunt, Gell. 20, 8, 5. – v. Sonne u. Tag, untergehen, sich neigen, erlöschen, quā venit (deus = sol) exoriens, quā deficit, Prop.: ubi dies deficit, ibi noctem agunt, Mela: die iam deficiente, Petron. – v. Sonne u. Mond, sich verfinstern, quod navigantibus eis sol defecerat (eine Sonnenfinsternis eingetreten war), Iustin.: solem lunae oppositu solere deficere, Cic.: luna interpositu interiectuque terrae repente deficit, Cic.: serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna deficit, Cic.: sol deficiens, Cic.: luna deficiens, Curt.: rationes veras solis et lunae deficientium scire, Gell. – v. Feuer u. Licht, ab-, ausgehen, erlöschen, ubi

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ignem deficere extremum videbat, Verg. Aen. 9, 352 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 2, 505, s. no. b): quoties defecerat lumen, renovabat, Petron. 111, 4. – v. Gewässern, abnehmen, zurücktreten, sich verlieren (Ggstz. crescere, increscere, exuberare, exaestuare), fons meridie semper deficit; mox increscens ad medium noctis exuberat, ab eo rursus sensim deficit, Plin.: stagnum incertae altitudinis, utcumque exaestuat aut deficit mare, flutet od. ebbet, Liv. – v. Quellen u. Flüssen, ausbleiben, versiegen, deficiunt laesi carmine (durch Zauberspruch) fontis aquae, Ov.: Euphrates nusquam manifesto exitu effluit, ut alii amnes, sed deficit, Mela. – v. der Welt, untergehen (Ggstz. nasci), s. Quint. 5, 10, 79. – v. Befestigungswerken, weichen, nachgeben, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 12.

b) der Ausdehnung in die Länge nach, aufhören, quā deficit ignis (wohin das Feuer nicht gedrungen ist), Verg. Aen. 2, 505 (verschieden von Verg. Aen. 9, 352, s. oben no. a): quoniam talis semper figura mucrone deficiat, Plin.: gestatio buxo aut rore marino, ubi deficit buxus, ambitur, Plin. ep. – bes. v. Örtl., deficiunt silvae, Ov.: ultima pars aulae deficientis erat, Mart.: in deficiente iam porticu, Petron.

c) der Menge, Zahl, dem Inhalte nach, abnehmen, auf die Neige gehen, nicht (mehr) ausreichen, ausgehen, mangeln, fehlen, α) übh. (Ggstz. crescere, superare): non materia, non frumentum deficere pote-

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rat, Caes.: fructus (al. frons) ex arboribus deficiebat, Caes.: postquam inter arenas radices quoque et herbae defecerant, Sen.: pabulo circa deficiente, Plin.: aqua etiam defecerat, Curt.: cum eius generis (an derart Leuten) copia deficeret, Caes.: non deficiente crumenā (mit hinreichenden Mitteln), Hor. ep. 1, 4, 11: deficiente crumenā et crescente, Iuven. 11, 38: utrum superans an deficiens materia (Körpersäfte) laeserit, Cels.: si vel superans aliquid vel deficiens (ein Übermaß od. ein Mangel) adversam valetudinem creet, Cels.: si lacrimae deficient, Ov. – v. Abstr., nec vero levitatis Atheniensium exempla deficiunt, Cic.: deficit non voluntas, sed spes, Cic.: quod mihi consuevit in ceteris causis esse adiumento, id quoque in hac causa deficit, Cic. – v. Pers., cum esset Demosthenes, multi oratores magni et clari fuerunt et ante fuerant nec postea defecerunt, Cic. or. 6: Pygmaei, minutum genus, et quod pro satis frugibus contra grues dimicando defecit (ausgegangen ist), Mela 3, 8, 8 (3. § 81). – Insbes. als jurist. t. t., α) v. Rechtsfällen = wegfallen, in Wegfall kommen, keine Anwendung finden, nicht stattfinden od. -haben, nicht eintreten, zB. deficit actio, ICt.: deficit interdictum, ICt. – β) prägn., v. Pers., in Vermögensverfall kommen, verarmen, bankrott-, zahlungsunfähig werden, nisi principales debitores defecerint, Callistr. dig. 49, 14, 3. § 8: deficit Matho, Iuven. 7, 129 (vgl. unten no. II defici fa-

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cultatibus, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in.).

d) der Zeitdauer nach, nicht ausreichen, zu kurz sein, dies deficiat, si velim numerare, quibus bonis male evenerit, Cic.: dies deficiat, si velim paupertatis causam defendere, Cic. (vgl. no. II, a, wo dies iam me deficiet, si etc.): si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, Caes.: utque solebamus consumere longa loquendo tempora, sermoni (al. sermonem) deficiente die, Ov. trist. 5, 13, 27 sq.

e) der Reihenfolge nach aufhören, erlöschen, remotus iam deficientis affinitatis gradus, Plin. pan. 39, 6: progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit, Suet. Galb. 1.

f) der intensiven Stärke, inneren Kraft, dem Grade nach abnehmen, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, erlahmen, ermatten, erlöschen, in Verfall kommen, dahinschwinden, sinken, erschöpft (entkräftet, abgespannt, geschwächt, gelähmt) sein od. sich fühlen, die Kraft (Kräfte) verlieren, von Kräften kommen,α) v. sächl. Subjj., u. zwar v. Körper, v. Gliedern, Körperkräften u. dgl., deficiunt corpora, Quint.: in ipso gelu deficientia corpora, Curt.: inclinatum ac deficiens caput, Curt.: id membrum, quod deficit, das gelähmte Glied, Cels.: membra deficere coeperunt, Curt.: me tenuit moriens deficiente manu, Ov.: deficiunt ad coepta manus, Ov.: quorundam adversus hostes deficit manus, Sen. rhet. – anima deficit, es

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tritt Ohnmacht ein, Cels.: deficientibus animis, indem die Besinnung ausging, Liv.: antequam ultimus spiritus deficeret, Curt. – ne vires deficiant, utique eo die cibum assumere debet (aeger), Cels.: quamvis consenuerint vires atque defecerint, Cic. – v. der Stimme u. Rede, vox iam deficere coeperat, Curt.: credo, si meis horis in accusando uti voluissem, vererer, ne mihi crimina non suppeterent, ne oratio deesset, ne vox viresque deficerent, Cic.: deficiente oratione, da ihm die Worte ausgingen, Liv.: deflere dicitur ore suam deficiente necem (v. Schwan), Ov. – v. physischen Zuständen, itaque et animantes, cum calor defecerit, tum interire, Cic. de nat. deor. 3, 15. – v. polit. Zuständen, bellum ibi aliquando defecit, Flor. 4, 2, 6: deficiente cotidie regis maiestate, täglich (an Ansehen) abnahm, sank, Iustin. 3, 1, 1. – v. Rechtszuständen, si cautio medio tempore defecerit, wenn die bestellte Kaution in Verfall gekommen ist (= wegen Zahlungsunfähigkeit des Schuldners nicht erfüllt werden kann), Papin. dig. 35, 1, 73. – v. geistigen u. gemütlichen Zuständen, noli ergo mirari, si pictura deficit, wenn die Malerkunst (in ihren Leistungen) sinkt (herunterkommt), Petron.: deficit ars animique cadunt, Ov.: nisi memoria (das Gedächtnis) forte defecerit, Cic.: utcumque defecere mores (Zucht u. Sitte), Hor.: cur deficiat animus (Mut)? Quint.: u. so primum animi, deinde corpora deficere coeperunt,

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Curt. – m. Dat. wem? mihi iam toto hic furor non deficit anno, hört auf, Prop. 1, 1, 7. – m. in u. Abl., ut id (odium) in me uno potius, quam in optimo quoque et in universa civitate deficeret, aufhörte (sich austobte), Cic. post red. ad Quir. 1; vgl. duo milia, in quibus occidendis defecerat rabies, Curt. 4, 4 (19), 17. – poet. m. folg. Infin. = nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Lucr. 1, 1040. Caes. German. Arat. 260 (vgl. unten no. β). – β) v. persönl. Subjj.: is qui deficit, der Schwache, Cels.: lassus tam cito deficis viator, Mart.: medicus si deficere aegrum non intellegit, Sen.: deficiebat elephantus, Curt.: equus deficiens procubuit, Curt.: malle eum deficere quam desinere, daß ihm eher der Atem als die Rede ausgehe, Quint.: optimus virtutis finis est antequam deficias desinere, Sen. rhet.: nec tamen illi defecerunt (ermatteten [im Forschen]) neque nos studium exquirendi defatigati relinquemus, Cic.: Ggstz. incertum est an (filii) proficiant (gedeihen), an deficiant (schwächlich werden), Augustin. in psalm. 38, 19. – m. Abl. wodurch? womit? et simul lassitudine et procedente iam die fame etiam deficere, Liv.: quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, schwach, invalid geworden waren, Caes.: neque coniuncti Albicis (mit den Alb.) comminus pugnando deficiebant, ermatteten nicht durch den Nahkampf = ließen es nicht im N. an sich fehlen, Caes. – def. totā mente, ganz von Sinnen kom-

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men, ganz die Besinnung verlieren, Ov.: def. animo, den Mut (die Hoffnung) sinken lassen, zB. animo deficiens, ohne Hoffnung u. Trost, Lucr.: ipse animo non defecerat tanto accepto incommodo, Caes.: sin a vobis deserar, tamen animo non deficiam, Cic.: consul nec animo defecit nec consilio, dem K. ging weder der Mut noch die Einsicht ab, Liv.: non tamen defecere animis Tyrii, Curt. – def. vitā, mit dem Leben auf die Neige kommen, verscheiden, Plaut. asin. 609. – def. sanguine et spiritu, an der Verblutung verscheiden, Val. Max. 3, 2. ext. 5. – m. folg. Infin., nachlassen, aufhören zu usw., Tibull. 4, 1, 191. Rutil. Lup. 2, 18 (vgl. oben no. α a. E.). – Prägn., αα) die Besinnung verlieren, in Ohnmacht fallen, animo linquuntur deficiuntque, Scrib.: deficit in thalamis, Val. Flacc. – ββ) den Halt verlieren, den Mut sinken lassen, kleinmütig werden (s. Heinse Ov. her. 19, 8. Duker Flor. 2, 2, 17. Burm. Ps. Quint. decl. 339), sed tamen quam diu vos eritis in spe, non deficiam, Cic.: ne unā plagā acceptā patres conscripti concĭderent, ne deficerent, Cic.: Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt, Verg.: deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus, Verg.: ne hi propter suorum paucitatem et hostium multitudinem metu (aus F.) deficerent, Auct. b. Afr.: nec defuerant qui ipsi Punici maris nomine ac terrore deficerent, Flor. – in duris (in Drangsalen) haud umquam defice, laß nicht

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den Mut sinken, Val. Flacc. 4, 35. – γγ) verscheiden, hinsterben, cum deficere eum amici viderent, Iustin.: paulatim defecit, Sen.: defecit prope lucem, Suet.: in ea voce defecit, Suet.: eo anno, quo ille defecit, Sulp. Sev.: voces (Äußerungen) deficientis, Tac.: momenta (Stadien) deficientis, Tac.

g) als jurist. t. t., vom zur Erbschaft Berufenen, der sie aber nicht erwerben will od. kann, ausfallen, in Wegfall kommen, nicht in Betracht kommen, deficiente gradu nepotum, wenn die Abstufung der E. in Wegfall kommt, ICt.: is in parte quoque deficientis est heres, ICt.: deficientium partes accipere, ICt.

II) v. tr.: a) act., jmd. verlassen = jmd. im Stiche lassen, sich jmdm. entziehen, von lebl. Subjj. auch jmdm. ausbleiben, ausgehen, auf die Neige gehen, dahinschwinden, jmdm. abgehen, gebrechen, für jmd. nicht ausreichen, α) v. Pers.: quoniam me Leontina civitas atque legatio propter eam quam dixi causam defecit, mihimet ineunda ratio est etc., Cic. Verr. 3, 110: genitor Phaëthontis (der Sonnengott) cum deficit orbem, sich der Welt entzieht (= sich verfinstert), Ov. met. 2, 382: Somnus (Schlaf als Gott) sollicitas deficit ante domos, Tibull. 3, 4, 20. – absol., dubiis ne defice rebus, laß (mich) nicht im Stiche, Verg. Aen. 6, 196. – β) v. lebl. Subjj.: αα) m. Acc. pers.: ipsos res frumentaria deficere coepit, Caes.: non eum defecit mare, sed commeatus, Mela:

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cum non solum vires, sed etiam tela nostros deficerent, Caes.: cum oppidanos iam tela, iam vires, iam ante omnia animus (Mut) deficeret, Liv.: frustra meae vitae subvenire conamini, quem iam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Caes.: cum me vires deficere coepissent, Cic.: deficient inopem venae te, ni cibus accedet, dir Armen versiegen die Adern (versiegt die Lebenskraft), Hor.: sectantem levia (Abglättung) nervi deficiunt animique (dichterischer Geist), Hor.: ii, quos discentes vita defecit, Cic.: me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si hoc nunc vociferari velim, Cic.: dies iam me deficiat, si, quae dici in eam sententiam possunt, coner expromere, Cic. (vgl. oben no. I, B, d): dies me citius defecerit quam nomina, Cic.: tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret, Cic.: tempus deficiet domestica narrantem, Val. Max.: neque est periculum, ne te de re publica disserentem deficiat oratio, Cic.: omnia colligo, ut novi scribam aliquid ad te; sed, ut vides, res me ipsa deficit, Cic.: ut eorum, quae didicerimus, memoria nos deficiat, Col.: si te deficient poscendi munera causae, Ov. – dolor (Unwille) me non deficit, Cic.: si quem illa praestantis ingenii vis forte deficiet, Cic.: animus si te non deficiet aequus, Hor.: prudentia numquam deficit oratorem, Cic.: ea me solacia deficiunt, Cic.: cum motus omnis animi, tamquam ventus, hominem defecerat (sich gelegt hatte), flaccescebat oratio, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? nostros

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vires lassitudine deficiebant, Caes. – m. in (in, bei) u. Abl., vox eum defecit in illo loco: ›Si sciens fallo‹, Cic.: nec supersumus pugnae nisi in quibus trucidandis et ferrum et vires hostem defecerunt (den Dienst versagten), Liv.: si me in mea querimonia... non modo vires, sed etiam vita deficiat, mir ausginge, Cic.: Fonteium in hac causa deficerent omnia, Cic. – m. ad u. Akk. Gerund., quia consulem ad regendum equum vires deficiebant, Liv. – poet. m. folg. Infin., nec me deficiet nautas rogitare citatos, ich werde nicht nachlassen (nimmer ruhen), Prop. 1, 8, 23. – ββ) m. Acc. rei: ne deficiant animum, Varro: linguam defecerat umor (Speichel), Ov.: noctes lentus non deficit umor (Tau), Verg.

b) pass.: α) deficitur alqs od. alqd ab alqa re od. bl. alqā re, es wird jmd. od. eine Sache von etw. verlassen, im Stiche gelassen, es geht mit etw. bei jmd. auf die Neige, es verläßt jmd. etw., es bleibt od. geht jmdm. etw. aus, es ist jmd. ohne etw., es geht jmdm. od. einer Sache etw. ab, es mangelt od. gebricht jmdm. od. einer Sache an etw. (dah. Ggstz. abundat alqs od. alqd alqā re), teils v. pers. Subjj., defici a viribus, Caes.: deficior prudens artis ab arte mea, Ov.: quae (mulier) neque peperit neque gravida est, si lac habet, a menstruis defecta est, bei ihr ist die Regel ausgeblieben, Cels. – defici pecuniā, clientium turbā, nobilitate et avorum proavorumque serie, Sen.: defici

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non gressu modo, sed et visu, Suet.: defici copiā pabuli frumentique, Hirt. b. G.: lacte defici (v. einer Hündin), Col.: animo defici, die Besinnung verlieren, ohnmächtig werden, Curt.: auxilio defici, in einen hilflosen Zustand geraten, Scrib.: defici facultatibus, in Vermögensverfallkommen, verarmen, Ulp. dig. 23, 3, 33 in. (vgl. oben no. I, B, c aus Iuven. 7, 129): non defici extemporali facultate, Suet.: tempore deficiar, tragicos si persequar ignes, Ov.: mulier abundat audaciā, consilio et ratione deficitur, Cic. – m. folg. Satz m. quominus u. Konj., si memoriā deficitur, quo minus agnoscat cuiusque progeniem, Col. 7, 9, 12. – Partiz. Perf., aquā ciboque defecti, Quint.: defectus pilis, nur noch dünn behaart, Phaedr.: defectus aetatis viribus et acie oculorum, Val. Max.: defectus senio, Col.: defectus annis et desertus viribus, mit den Jahren auf der Neige, Phaedr.: u. Superl., defectissimus annis et viribus, Col. 1. prooem. § 12. – ohne Abl., colluvies defectae fidei, Apul. met. 5, 24: defectae senectutis homo, ein altersschwacher, Ulp. dig.: Plur. subst., dēfectī, ōrum, m., Schwache, Plin. 2, 28. – teils von sächl. u. abstr. Subjj., Mysiam Libyamque aiunt abundare frumentis; nec tamen Apulos Campanosque agros opimis defici segetibus, Mela: haec amoenitas deficitur aquā salienti, Plin. ep.: ut defunctorum voluntates, etiamsi iure deficerentur, quasi perfectas tuerer, Plin. ep. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., mul-

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torum crudelitas et ambitio et luxuria, ut paria pessimis audeat, fortunae favore deficitur, Sen. ep. 42, 4. – u. Partiz. Perf., defectum corpore caput, vom Rumpfe getrennter, Plin. pan.: defecta vigore cervix, Ov.: sanguine defecti artus, verbluteten, Ov.: sol defectus lumine, Tibull.: ars nec exemplis pauperior nec oratione defectior, ermangelnder, Apul. de deo Socr. prol. p. 111 H. (p. 4, 17 G.). – β) absol., prägn., teils = an Substanz abfallen, si non terrestri cibo membra corporis alantur, deficientur (so schwinden sie zusammen), Vitr. 8. praef. § 2: teils = die Kräfte (den Atem) verlieren, ermattet-, erschöpft werden, in quo non modo defici (den Atem verlieren), sed etiam laborare (zu stocken) turpe est, Cic. Brut. 34: non usque adeo defectum (esse) Germanicum, fühle sich entkräftet, Tac. ann. 2, 70: teils deficior = es gebricht mir an Befähigung dazu, uti si quid de his rebus et artibus iudicare et probare opus fuerit ne deficiatur, Vitr. 1, 1, 16. – u. Partiz. defectus, α) als jurist. t. t., vom Schuldner im Stiche gelassen, defecta nomina, nicht mehr einzutreibende Schuldforderungen, Paul. dig. 22, 1, 11. § 1. – β) mangelhaft, currus (weil ihm die Vorstecknägel vor den Rädern fehlen), Hyg. fab. 84. – γ) abgeschwächt, schwach, im Kompar., in tumidis (speculis videntur) omnia defectiora, at contra in cavis auctiora, Apul. apol. 16. – insbes., physisch geschwächt, schwach (bes. auch

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altersschwach), ermattet, erschöpft (s. Heinse Ov. fast. 3, 674), v. Pers., quod sibi defectis illa tulisset opem, Ov.: sidera obscura attributa defectis, den Altersschwachen, Plin.: v. Körper usw. u. v. menschl. Zuständen, defectum corpus, Tac.: homo defectae senectutis, ICt.: def. amor, Ov. – ⇒ defexit altlat. = defecerit, alte Eidesformel bei Liv. 1, 24, 8.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > deficio
5 deficio

dēfĭcĭo, ĕre, fēci, fectum [de + facio]    - arch. defexit = defecerit Liv. 1, 24, 8.    - passif: deficior mais aussi defit. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] se séparer de, se détacher de; quitter un parti, faire défection, renoncer.    - ab aliqua re deficere, Caes. BG. 3, 3, 3: se détacher d'une chose.    - ab aliquo deficere, Caes. BG. 2, 14, 3: se détacher de qqn.    - a patribus ad plebem deficere, Liv. 6, 20, 3: se détacher des patriciens pour embrasser la cause des plébéiens.    - ad Poenos deficere, Liv. 22, 61, 11: passer du côté des Carthaginois.    - absol. civitates quae defecerant, Caes. BG. 3, 17, 2: les cités qui avaient fait défection.    - si a virtute defeceris, Cic. Lae. 37: si tu abandonnes le parti de la vertu.    - si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit, Cic. Fin. 2, 79, si l'intérêt n'est plus d'accord avec l'amitié.    - deficere a cultu idolorum, Lact.: renoncer au culte des idoles.    - ut a me ipse deficerem, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: pour me manquer à moi-même.    - deficere ab amicitia populi Romani, Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3: renoncer à l'alliance du peuple romain.    - avec abl. illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet, Liv. 1, 24, 8: le peuple romain ne s'écartera pas le premier de ces clauses. [st1]2 [-] cesser, faire faute, manquer.    - vires, tela nostris deficiunt Caes. BG. 3, 5, 1 [mss]: les forces, les traits manquent à nos soldats.    - absol. materia, frumentum deficit, Caes. BC. 2, 37, 6: le bois, le blé fait défaut.    - vererer ne vox viresque deficerent, Cic. Verr. 1, 31: je craindrais que la voix et les forces ne me fissent défaut.    - memoria deficit, Cic. Fin. 2, 44: la mémoire fait défaut.    - luna deficit, Cic. Rep. 1, 23: la lune s'éclipse.    - multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, Caes. BC. 3, 2, 3: beaucoup avaient été rendus invalides par tant de campagnes en Gaule.    - (animo) deficere, Caes. Cic.: perdre courage.    - jam stragis acervis deficiunt campi, Sil. 8: déjà la plaine ne suffit plus aux cadavres amoncelés.    - si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, Caes. BG. 4: si la saison trop avancée ne lui laissait pas le temps de faire campagne.    - deficere legibus, Liv.: violer les lois.    - nisi debitores defecerint, Dig.: à moins que les débiteurs ne soient insolvables.    - non comminus pugnando deficiebant, Caes. BC. 2: ils ne lâchaient pas pied dans le combat corps à corps.    - singuli numquam exsatiabuntur, res publica deficiet, Tac. An. 2: aucun d'eux en particulier ne sera jamais rassasié et l'Etat s'épuisera (= fera faillite).    - deficere (vitā): mourir.    - in hac voce defecit: "Livia, nostri conjugii memor vive!" Suet.: il expira en prononçant ces mots: "Livie, souviens-toi de notre union." [st1]3 [-] finir, disparaître; se terminer en.    - progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit, Suet. Galb. 1, l: la famille des Césars s'éteignit avec Néron.    - ultima pars aulae deficientis, Mart.: l'extrémité du palais qui a disparu.    - deficere mucrone, Plin.: se terminer en pointe.    - in deficiente porticu, Petr.: au bout d'un portique. - tr. - [st1]3 [-] abandonner, quitter, manquer à.    - quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Caes. BG. 7, 50, 6: que déjà le sang et les forces abandonnent.    - me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si velim... Cic. Verr. 2, 52: le jour, la voix, les poumons me feraient défaut, si je voulais...    - tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret, Cic. Amer. 89: le temps te manquerait plus tôt que les paroles.    - poét., avec inf. nec me deficiet nautas rogitare, Prop. 1, 8, 23: et je ne cesserai pas d'interroger les matelots.    - deficiam scandere montes, Sil.: je me lasserai de gravir les montagnes.    - au passif cum a viribus deficeretur, Caes. BC. 3, 64, 3: comme ses forces l'abandonnaient.    - mulier consilio et ratione deficitur, Cic. Clu. 184: cette femme est dépourvue de sagesse et de raison.    - aqua ciboque defecti, Quint. 3, 8, 23: manquant d'eau et de vivres.    - defectus facultatibus, Dig. 23, 3, 33: privé de ses moyens.    - defici, Cic. Br. 34: être abandonné = être à court dans la respiration.    - voir defectus.
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dēfĭcĭo, ĕre, fēci, fectum [de + facio]    - arch. defexit = defecerit Liv. 1, 24, 8.    - passif: deficior mais aussi defit. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] se séparer de, se détacher de; quitter un parti, faire défection, renoncer.    - ab aliqua re deficere, Caes. BG. 3, 3, 3: se détacher d'une chose.    - ab aliquo deficere, Caes. BG. 2, 14, 3: se détacher de qqn.    - a patribus ad plebem deficere, Liv. 6, 20, 3: se détacher des patriciens pour embrasser la cause des plébéiens.    - ad Poenos deficere, Liv. 22, 61, 11: passer du côté des Carthaginois.    - absol. civitates quae defecerant, Caes. BG. 3, 17, 2: les cités qui avaient fait défection.    - si a virtute defeceris, Cic. Lae. 37: si tu abandonnes le parti de la vertu.    - si utilitas ab amicitia defecerit, Cic. Fin. 2, 79, si l'intérêt n'est plus d'accord avec l'amitié.    - deficere a cultu idolorum, Lact.: renoncer au culte des idoles.    - ut a me ipse deficerem, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1: pour me manquer à moi-même.    - deficere ab amicitia populi Romani, Caes. B. G. 5, 3, 3: renoncer à l'alliance du peuple romain.    - avec abl. illis legibus populus Romanus prior non deficiet, Liv. 1, 24, 8: le peuple romain ne s'écartera pas le premier de ces clauses. [st1]2 [-] cesser, faire faute, manquer.    - vires, tela nostris deficiunt Caes. BG. 3, 5, 1 [mss]: les forces, les traits manquent à nos soldats.    - absol. materia, frumentum deficit, Caes. BC. 2, 37, 6: le bois, le blé fait défaut.    - vererer ne vox viresque deficerent, Cic. Verr. 1, 31: je craindrais que la voix et les forces ne me fissent défaut.    - memoria deficit, Cic. Fin. 2, 44: la mémoire fait défaut.    - luna deficit, Cic. Rep. 1, 23: la lune s'éclipse.    - multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, Caes. BC. 3, 2, 3: beaucoup avaient été rendus invalides par tant de campagnes en Gaule.    - (animo) deficere, Caes. Cic.: perdre courage.    - jam stragis acervis deficiunt campi, Sil. 8: déjà la plaine ne suffit plus aux cadavres amoncelés.    - si tempus anni ad bellum gerendum deficeret, Caes. BG. 4: si la saison trop avancée ne lui laissait pas le temps de faire campagne.    - deficere legibus, Liv.: violer les lois.    - nisi debitores defecerint, Dig.: à moins que les débiteurs ne soient insolvables.    - non comminus pugnando deficiebant, Caes. BC. 2: ils ne lâchaient pas pied dans le combat corps à corps.    - singuli numquam exsatiabuntur, res publica deficiet, Tac. An. 2: aucun d'eux en particulier ne sera jamais rassasié et l'Etat s'épuisera (= fera faillite).    - deficere (vitā): mourir.    - in hac voce defecit: "Livia, nostri conjugii memor vive!" Suet.: il expira en prononçant ces mots: "Livie, souviens-toi de notre union." [st1]3 [-] finir, disparaître; se terminer en.    - progenies Caesarum in Nerone defecit, Suet. Galb. 1, l: la famille des Césars s'éteignit avec Néron.    - ultima pars aulae deficientis, Mart.: l'extrémité du palais qui a disparu.    - deficere mucrone, Plin.: se terminer en pointe.    - in deficiente porticu, Petr.: au bout d'un portique. - tr. - [st1]3 [-] abandonner, quitter, manquer à.    - quem jam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Caes. BG. 7, 50, 6: que déjà le sang et les forces abandonnent.    - me dies, vox, latera deficiant, si velim... Cic. Verr. 2, 52: le jour, la voix, les poumons me feraient défaut, si je voulais...    - tempus te citius quam oratio deficeret, Cic. Amer. 89: le temps te manquerait plus tôt que les paroles.    - poét., avec inf. nec me deficiet nautas rogitare, Prop. 1, 8, 23: et je ne cesserai pas d'interroger les matelots.    - deficiam scandere montes, Sil.: je me lasserai de gravir les montagnes.    - au passif cum a viribus deficeretur, Caes. BC. 3, 64, 3: comme ses forces l'abandonnaient.    - mulier consilio et ratione deficitur, Cic. Clu. 184: cette femme est dépourvue de sagesse et de raison.    - aqua ciboque defecti, Quint. 3, 8, 23: manquant d'eau et de vivres.    - defectus facultatibus, Dig. 23, 3, 33: privé de ses moyens.    - defici, Cic. Br. 34: être abandonné = être à court dans la respiration.    - voir defectus.
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    Deficere, pro Deesse. Cic. Vererer ne mihi vox viresque deficerent. Que la force ne me defaillist.

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    Anima deficit per aestum. Cels. Le cueur default, On s'esvanouit.

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    In causa aliquem deficiunt omnia. Cic. Toutes choses luy defaillent.

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    Dolor me non deficit. Cic. Ma douleur ne cesse point, Ne me laisse point.

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    Improbitas aliquem defecit. Cic. Luy a defailli.

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    Deficit luna nocturno tempore. Plin. La lune eclipse, ou default par nuict.

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    Membra deficiunt. Lucret. Defaillent, et perdent toute force et vertu.

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    Deficit illum prudentia. Cic. Il ha faulte de prudence.

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    Deficit et extinguitur Sol. Cic. Le soleil eclipse et default.

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    Deficiunt me solatia. Cic. J'ay faulte de soulagement, ou de soulas.

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    Deficiunt syluae glandes. Virg. Les forests n'ont point de gland.

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    Tempus hercule te citius, quam oratio, deficeret. Cic. Tu aurois plus tost faulte de temps, que de parolle.

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    Discentes vita deficit. Cic. Ils meurent en apprenant, Leur vie n'est point assez longue pour apprendre, La vie leur default.

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    Vox eum defecit. Cic. La voix luy est faillie.

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    Deficit in mucronem figura. Plin. Elle va en aguisant, en poincte.

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    Deficere. Sallust. Se rendre du parti contraire, Se revolter.

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    Deficere a principe aliquo ad alium. Liu. Abandonner le service ou l'alliance d'un prince, et se mettre au service ou en l'alliance de son ennemi.

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    Quid ages, si vtilitas ab amicitia defecerit? Cic. Si prouffit se depart d'avec amitié? Si l'amitié d'autruy te vient à dommage, t'est dommageable? ou Si l'amitié d'autruy ne te porte point de prouffit?

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    Deficere a virtute. Cic. Delaisser vertu.

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    A seipso deficere, Est mores mutare. Cic. N'estre plus semblable à soymesme, Changer de conditions.

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    Deficere a vita. Cic. Se tuer.

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    Deficere, pro Defetisci, neutrum. Mart. Cic. Estre si las qu'on n'en puisse plus.

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    Concidere et deficere. Cic. Tomber et defaillir, Perdre toute force et vertu.

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    Deficere animo, animis, viribus. Cic. Defaillir de courage et de force.

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    Animo non deficiam. Cic. Le cueur ne me fauldra point, J'auray tousjours bon courage.

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    Deficere alimento. Colum. Avoir faulte de nourriture.

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    Deficere coeptis. Valer. Flac. Ne point poursuyvre et continuer son entreprinse, ou ce qu'on a commencé.

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    Mente deficere. Ouid. Perdre le sens et l'entendement.

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    Deficere visu. Sueton. Perdre la veue, Quand la veue default.

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    Deficior, passiue. Colum. Si memoria deficitur. Si la memoire luy default, S'il ha faulte de memoire.

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    Mulier abundat audacia, consilio et ratione deficitur. Cic. Elle est desprouveue, ou Elle ha faulte de bon sens et de raison.

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    Deficitur aqua salienti haec amoenitas. Plin. iunior. Elle ha faulte d'eaue vive.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > deficio
6 dēficiō

dēficiō fēcī, fectus, ere （ fut perf. defexit, old form. in L.—Pass., usu. deficior; dēfit, T., Enn. ap. C., V.; dēfierī, T.; dēfīet, L.) [de + facio].— Intrans, to withdraw, revolt, desert, fall off: civitates quae defecerant, Cs.: milites ne deficerent, S.: ab Aeduis, Cs.: a re p.: a patribus ad plebem, to go over, L.: ad Poenos, desert, L. — Of things, to be wanting, be absent, fail, cease, disappear, be lost, run out: non frumentum deficere poterat, Cs.: ex arboribus frons, Cs.: ne (mihi) vox viresque deficerent: non deficiente crumenā, H.: ne Deficeret navis, be overwhelmed, V.: quod plena luna defecisset, was eclipsed: ignem Deficere videbat, dying out, V.: quā deficit ignis, ceases to destroy, V.: Deficit ars, is exhausted, O.: nil apud me tibi defieri patiar, T.: Lac mihi non aestate novum defit, V.: nunquamne causa defiet, cur, etc.? L. — Of persons, to fail, sink, faint, be insufficient, be missing: quod multi Gallicis tot bellis defecerant, had been lost, Cs.: siquid deficias, i. e. need aid, T.: deficientibus animis, L.: O dubiis ne defice rebus, fail (me) in perplexity, V.— To fail, be bankrupt: Matho deficit, Iu.: te memorare, cease, Tb.—Fig., to withdraw, depart, forsake, be parted, abandon, desert: a virtute: si utilitas ab amicitiā defecerit.— To fail, be wanting, fall short: animo, be disheartened, Cs.: ne unā plagā acceptā patres deficerent: in limine primo, V.: illis legibus populus R. prior non deficiet, si prior defexit, etc., prove false, violate, L. (old form.): neque comminus pugnando deficiebant, Cs.— Trans, to leave, desert, fail, abandon (of things): cum vires nostros deficerent, Cs.: me Leontina civitas: me vox, latera deficiant, si, etc.: cum deficit orbom (Sol), is eclipsed, O.: sol defectus lumine, Tb.: si quem proles defecerit omnis, i. e. perish, V.: cum aquilifer a viribus deficeretur, Cs.: mulier ratione deficitur: animo defici, Cu.: defecta vigore cervix, O.: nec me deficiet rogitare, etc., nor will I fail, Pr.
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I
deficere, defeci, defectus V INTRANS

fail/falter; run short/out; grow weak/faint; come to end; revolt/rebel, defect; pass away; become extinct, die/fade out; subside/sink; suffer eclipse, wane
II
deficere, defeci, defectus V TRANS

fail, disappoint, let down; leave without a sufficiency; cease to be available; (PASS) be left without/wanting, lack; have shortcomings; L:come to nothing

Latin-English dictionary > dēficiō
7 luna [1]

1. lūna, ae, f. (aus *lucna zu lūceo), I) appell., der Mond, A) eig.: lunae annus, das Mondjahr, Macr.: lunae cursus (Sing. u. Plur.), Curt. u. Liv.: ortus aut obitus lunae, Cic.: certi solis lunaeque et ortus et occasus, Liv.: duo lunae exortus, Plin.: lunae defectus, Cic., defectio, Quint., Mondfinsternis: habitatores lunae, Macr.: imago lunae, Plin. – luna plena, Caes.: nova, Varro u.a.: luna intermestris dimidiataque, Cato: crescens lumen lunae deminutioque, Vitr.: lunae luminum varietas tum crescentis tum senescentis, Cic.: lunā crescente, Ggstz. decrescente, Colum., od. senescente, Varro u. Cic., minuente, Pallad.: lunā silenti, Cato u.a.: luna silens, Plin.: luna deficiens, Mondfinsternis, Plin.: so auch luna laborans, Iuven., u. lunae labores, Verg.: ad minorem lunam, zur Zeit des abnehmenden Mondes, Hor.: novissimā primāve lunā, beim Neumonde oder am ersten Tage nach dem Neumonde, Plin.: so auch quarta luna, der vierte Tag nach dem Neumonde, Cic.: luna rursus exoritur, Plin.: luna impletur, Plin.: luna crescit, Cic., Ggstz., decrescit, Colum., senescit, Cic., minuit, Plin.: pernox forte luna erat, Liv.: serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna deficit, verfinstert sich, Cic.: so luna interpositu interiectuque terrae repente deficit, Cic.: sol lunae oppositu solet deficere, Cic.: lunae species ac forma mutatur tum crescendo tum defectibus in initium recurrendo, Cic.: luna subiecta atque opposita soli radios eius et lumen obscurat, Cic.: cum tota se luna sub solis orbem subiecisset, Cic.: ne luna occĭdat, Trag. inc. fr.: habitari ait Xenophanes in luna, der M. sei bewohnt, Cic. – Plur., duas lunas visas, Liv.: u. wie »Monde« für die Monate, lunae novae, Hor., celeres, Hor. – B) meton.: 1) der Monat, centesima, Plin. 18, 217. – 2) die Nacht, roscida, Verg. georg. 3, 337: immeritae omina lunae, Prop. 4, 4, 23. – 3) der halbe Mond, als Figur, in Gestalt eines C, a) von den halbmondförmigen Schildchen von Elfenbein, die die patrizischen Senatoren auf ihren Schuhen trugen, Iuven.: patricia, Stat. – b) v. den halbmondförmigen Knorpeln, aus denen die Gurgel besteht, Sidon. carm. 7, 192. – II) personif., Lūna = die Mondgöttin, Tochter der Latona u. Schwester des Sonnengottes (Sol), beide später mit Diana u. Apollo identifiziert, Ov. fast. 4, 374. Auson. epist. 5, 3. p. 162 Schenkl: cum Luna laboret, wenn L. in Not ist, d.i. wenn eine Sonnenfinsternis eintritt, Cic. Tusc. 1, 92. – ihr Tempel, von Servius Tullius geweiht, stand nach Liv. 40, 2, 2 auf dem Aventinus und verbrannte unter Nero, Tac. ann. 15, 41. – / Archaist. Genet. lunai, Lucr. 5, 69: vulg. Genet. lunis, de Rossi inscr. Christ. Vol. I. no. 1340.

lateinisch-deutsches > luna [1]
8 luna

1. lūna, ae, f. (aus *lucna zu lūceo), I) appell., der Mond, A) eig.: lunae annus, das Mondjahr, Macr.: lunae cursus (Sing. u. Plur.), Curt. u. Liv.: ortus aut obitus lunae, Cic.: certi solis lunaeque et ortus et occasus, Liv.: duo lunae exortus, Plin.: lunae defectus, Cic., defectio, Quint., Mondfinsternis: habitatores lunae, Macr.: imago lunae, Plin. – luna plena, Caes.: nova, Varro u.a.: luna intermestris dimidiataque, Cato: crescens lumen lunae deminutioque, Vitr.: lunae luminum varietas tum crescentis tum senescentis, Cic.: lunā crescente, Ggstz. decrescente, Colum., od. senescente, Varro u. Cic., minuente, Pallad.: lunā silenti, Cato u.a.: luna silens, Plin.: luna deficiens, Mondfinsternis, Plin.: so auch luna laborans, Iuven., u. lunae labores, Verg.: ad minorem lunam, zur Zeit des abnehmenden Mondes, Hor.: novissimā primāve lunā, beim Neumonde oder am ersten Tage nach dem Neumonde, Plin.: so auch quarta luna, der vierte Tag nach dem Neumonde, Cic.: luna rursus exoritur, Plin.: luna impletur, Plin.: luna crescit, Cic., Ggstz., decrescit, Colum., senescit, Cic., minuit, Plin.: pernox forte luna erat, Liv.: serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna deficit, verfinstert sich, Cic.: so luna interpositu interiectuque terrae repente deficit, Cic.: sol lunae oppositu solet deficere, Cic.: lunae species ac forma mutatur tum crescendo tum defectibus in ini-

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tium recurrendo, Cic.: luna subiecta atque opposita soli radios eius et lumen obscurat, Cic.: cum tota se luna sub solis orbem subiecisset, Cic.: ne luna occĭdat, Trag. inc. fr.: habitari ait Xenophanes in luna, der M. sei bewohnt, Cic. – Plur., duas lunas visas, Liv.: u. wie »Monde« für die Monate, lunae novae, Hor., celeres, Hor. – B) meton.: 1) der Monat, centesima, Plin. 18, 217. – 2) die Nacht, roscida, Verg. georg. 3, 337: immeritae omina lunae, Prop. 4, 4, 23. – 3) der halbe Mond, als Figur, in Gestalt eines C, a) von den halbmondförmigen Schildchen von Elfenbein, die die patrizischen Senatoren auf ihren Schuhen trugen, Iuven.: patricia, Stat. – b) v. den halbmondförmigen Knorpeln, aus denen die Gurgel besteht, Sidon. carm. 7, 192. – II) personif., Lūna = die Mondgöttin, Tochter der Latona u. Schwester des Sonnengottes (Sol), beide später mit Diana u. Apollo identifiziert, Ov. fast. 4, 374. Auson. epist. 5, 3. p. 162 Schenkl: cum Luna laboret, wenn L. in Not ist, d.i. wenn eine Sonnenfinsternis eintritt, Cic. Tusc. 1, 92. – ihr Tempel, von Servius Tullius geweiht, stand nach Liv. 40, 2, 2 auf dem Aventinus und verbrannte unter Nero, Tac. ann. 15, 41. – ⇒ Archaist. Genet. lunai, Lucr. 5, 69: vulg. Genet. lunis, de Rossi inscr. Christ. Vol. I. no. 1340.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > luna
9 exorior

ex-ŏrĭor, ortus, 3 and 4 ( part. fut. act. exorturus, Aug. Civ. D. 17, 14 fin. —The praes. indic. and imperf. subj. acc. to the third conj.:
exoritur,
Lucr. 1, 23; Verg. A. 2, 313; Ov. F. 4, 904 al.:
exoreretur,
Lucr. 2, 507; cf. id. 1, 108; Liv. 27, 27, 3. — Imper.:
exorere,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 16 —v. orior), v. dep. n., to come out or forth, to spring up (esp. suddenly, unexpectedly), to rise (class.).
I.
In gen.
A.
Lit.:
post solstitium Canicula exoritur,
Cic. Div. 2, 44, 93:
exoriens sol,
Verg. G. 1, 438; cf.:
jubare exorto,
id. A. 4, 130:
tu sola exorere, quae, etc.,
spring up, start up, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 16; cf. Lucr. 1, 124; and Cic. Deiot. 1, 3.—
b.
Part. praes. subst., exoriens (sc. sol), the rising sun, the morning (very rare):
qua venit exoriens, qua deficit,
Prop. 3, 5, 27 (4, 4, 27 M.).—To designate a cardinal point, the orient, east:
plantaria facito ab exoriente,
Col. Arb. 3, 3.—
B.
Trop.:
exoritur Antipatri ratio ex altera parte,
springs, arises, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 52:
lex Julia de vi adversus eos exoritur, qui vim commiserint,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 8:
ego nunc paulum exorior, et maxime quidem iis litteris, etc.,
recover myself, Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1.—
II.
In partic., to arise, proceed, originate, begin, appear, become.
A.
Lit.:
(Nilus) exoriens penitus media ab regione diei,
arising, proceeding, Lucr. 6, 723:
e terraque exorta repente arbusta salirent,
id. 1, 187; cf. ib. 180:
ipse novas assignationes instituit et repentinus Sulla nobis exoritur,
arises, appears, Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 10; cf.:
sic repente anuli beneficio rex exortus est Lydiae (Gyges),
became, id. Off. 3, 9, 38:
exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor,
Verg. A. 4, 625.—
B.
Trop.:
honestum, quod ex virtutibus exoritur,
Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 64; cf.:
horum (decemvirum) ex injustitia subito exorta est maxima perturbatio,
id. Rep. 2, 37:
tot bella repente aliis ex locis exorta sunt,
started up, arose, Liv. 31, 40, 7 Drak.:
a Myrrhina haec sunt exorta omnia,
proceeded from, are owing to, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10:
exorti utero dolores,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 40:
subito exorta est nefaria Catonis promulgatio,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 2; Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:
id cum contingit, amor exoriatur necesse est,
Cic. Lael 14, 48:
amicitias exorta aliqua offensione dirumpimus,
id. ib. 22, 85:
exoritur trepidos inter discordia cives,
Verg. A. 12, 583; cf. id. ib. 2, 313;
3, 128: de Praenestinorum defectione fama,
Liv. 6, 21, 9 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exorior
10 macies

măcĭes, ēi, f. [maceo], leanness, thinness, meagreness (class.).
I.
Lit.
A.
Of living beings and the parts of their bodies:
profectus est (ad bellum) Hirtius consul: at quā imbecillitate? quā macie?
Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 12; id. Agr. 2, 34, 93:
hoc maciem facit,
Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 60:
reducere ad maciem,
id. 24, 8, 30, § 46: equi macie corrupti, * Caes. B. C. 3, 58:
corpus macie extabuit, Cic. poët. Tusc. 3, 12, 26: turpis macies decentes Occupet malas,
Hor. C. 3, 27, 53: tenet ora profanae Foeda situ macies, Luc. 6, 515:
macies aegri veteris,
Juv. 9, 16; 15, 101.—
B.
Of inanim, things:
macies soli,
poorness, barrenness, Col. 1, 4, 3:
lapidosa aurosi pulveris,
Pall. 1, 5, 1:
jejuna corticis,
id. Mart. 10, 21; so,
corticis,
Plin. 17, 27, 42, § 252:
seges macie deficit,
Ov. F. 1, 689.—
II.
Transf., of water, diminution:
aquarum, e. g. at the ebb,
Sol. 23.—
* III.
Trop., meagreness, poverty of language, Tac. Or. 21, 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > macies
11 solutum

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:
soluisse,
Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I.
To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
Outwardly, to release.
a.
From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:
solvite istas,
i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:
solvite istum,
id. Mil. 5, 32:
numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:
jube solvi (eum),
Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:
ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:
ut vincti solvantur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §
12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:
ita nexi soluti (sunt),
Liv. 8, 28, 9:
solvite me, pueri,
Verg. E. 6, 24:
fore ut brevi solveretur,
Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:
canis solutus catena,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:
solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),
Stat. Th. 5, 15:
terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b.
From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:
solverat sol equos,
unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:
et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:
et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,
id. H. 11, 4:
praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:
soluta toga,
Quint. 11, 3, 147:
vela solvere,
Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c.
From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:
Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,
Prop. 2, 1, 69:
fraxinus solvitur,
from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:
ceciditque soluta pinus,
id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:
pinus radice soluta, deficit,
id. S. 5, 1, 152:
solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:
accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,
detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;
but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:
querno solvunt de stipite funem,
id. F. 4, 333:
fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,
id. Am. 2, 11, 23:
curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),
Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:
imber caelesti nube solutus,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:
cum solis radii absumant,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:
solutum a latere pugionem,
detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
d.
Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
(α).
With acc. alone:
eisce confectis navem solvimus,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:
navim cupimus solvere,
id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:
naves solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;
3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,
Liv. 45, 6:
postero die solvere naves (jussi),
id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
classem solvere,
Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
(β).
With ab and abl.:
navis a terra solverunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,
Liv. 31, 7 med.:
solvunt a litore puppes,
Luc. 2, 649.—
(γ).
With ex and abl.:
nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
(δ).
With abl.:
complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
portu solventibus,
id. Mur. 2, 4.—
(ε).
Absol. (sc. navem or naves):
tertia fere vigilia solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:
nos eo die cenati solvimus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:
altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,
Liv. 31, 14 init.:
qui inde solverant,
Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:
solvi mare languido,
Sen. Ep. 53, 1:
fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,
id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:
non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,
making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
(ζ).
With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):
naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
(η).
Poet. usages:
de litore puppis solvit iter,
clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:
nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,
Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e.
Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,
Lucr. 6, 706:
cruor solvitur,
Stat. Th. 9, 530:
lacrimas solvere,
id. Achill. 2, 256:
solutis lacrimis,
Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,
partus solvere,
to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2.
To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
a.
In gen.:
omne colligatum solvi potest,
Cic. Fin. 11.—
b.
Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
solvere naves et rursus conjungere,
Curt. 8, 10, 3:
solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:
dubitavit an solveret pontem,
Curt. 4, 16, 8:
solvere pontem,
Tac. A. 1, 69:
si pons solutus sit,
Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:
solutus pons tempestatibus,
Just. 2, 13, 9:
currum (solis) solutum,
Manil. 1, 740.—
c.
Of woven stuff:
solvens texta,
Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d.
Of mountains:
utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),
Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:
tridente Neptunus montem solvit,
id. Agam. 553.—
e.
Of the neck:
soluta cervix silicis impulsu,
broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f.
Of a comet:
momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g.
Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:
solve capillos,
Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:
crinem,
id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:
comas casside,
Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h.
Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;
post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:
ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,
Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3.
To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
(α).
Of a change into air or gas:
calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,
dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:
nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,
id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:
ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,
Stat. Th. 5, 285;
nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,
Ov. M. 15, 845.—
(β).
Into a liquid, to melt:
saepe terra in tabem solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:
terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,
id. ib. 3, 29, 4:
nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,
Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:
ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,
nivem solvere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:
rigor auri solvitur aestu,
Lucr. 1, 493:
ferrum calidi solvant camini,
Manil. 4, 250:
cerae igne solutae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 47:
Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,
Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:
(herba) quinto die solvitur,
id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
(γ).
Of putrefaction:
(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,
Verg. G. 4, 302.—
(δ).
Of change in general:
inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,
Ov. F. 1, 108:
repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),
Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
(ε).
Of expansion by heat:
(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
(ζ).
Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:
gravitas aeris solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
(η).
Solvi in, to pass into, become:
in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,
Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:
donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,
disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:
postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),
Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4.
To consume, to destroy, dissolve:
solvere orbes,
Manil. 1, 497:
ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),
Lucr. 3, 287:
(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,
Liv. 39, 40, 11:
si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:
(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,
id. ib. 7, 9, 4:
tabes solvit corpora,
Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:
nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),
id. 3, 506:
ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,
Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:
solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,
Sen. Ep. 22, 3:
hanc mihi solvite vitam,
Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a.
From the body, etc.:
teque isto corpore solvo,
Verg. A. 4, 703:
soluta corpore anima,
Quint. 5, 14, 13:
qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,
Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:
vocem solvere,
to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:
suspiria solvit,
Stat. Th. 11, 604:
solvat turba jocos,
Sen. Med. 114:
solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),
Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:
Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,
unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b.
Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:
linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,
Ov. M. 3, 261:
lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,
Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:
ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,
id. Const. 11, 3:
(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,
Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:
magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,
Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.
of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,
unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c.
From obligations and debts:
solvit me debito,
Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:
an nos debito solverit,
id. Ep. 81, 3:
ut religione civitas solvatur,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:
te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),
Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:
hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,
Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:
sacramento solvi,
Tac. A. 16, 13:
cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,
Dig. 49, 16, 13:
militia solvere,
Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:
ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,
Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:
ut manere solveretur,
that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d.
From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):
si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,
be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:
atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,
id. ib. 4, 9:
sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,
Ov. F. 6, 452:
ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,
id. ib. 2, 40:
Helenen ego crimine solvo,
id. A. A. 2, 371:
quid crimine solvis Germanum?
Stat. Th. 11, 379:
solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e.
From feelings, etc.:
quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:
cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:
senatus cura belli solutus,
Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:
pectus linquunt cura solutum,
Lucr. 2, 45:
his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:
soluti metu,
Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:
solvent formidine terras,
Verg. E. 4, 14:
solve metu patriam,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:
metu belli Scythas solvit,
Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:
haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:
soluti a cupiditatibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:
longo luctu,
Verg. A. 2, 26:
tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),
Sen. Hippol. 450:
solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,
id. Herc. Fur. 1063:
Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?
Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:
solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),
the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:
rabie tigrim,
Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:
ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),
Sen. Ep. 95, 38:
calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?
i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:
solvite animos,
Manil. 4, 12.—With in:
vix haec in munera solvo animum,
i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f.
From sleep, very rare:
ego somno solutus sum,
awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
g.
From labor, business, etc.:
volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,
Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:
solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,
Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:
Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,
to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h.
From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
frontem solvere disce,
Mart. 14, 183:
saltem ora trucesque solve genas,
Stat. Th. 11, 373:
solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:
solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,
be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:
vultum risu solvit,
relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:
risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,
Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,
solvere judicem,
unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:
solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),
Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:
ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:
cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:
solventur risu tabulae,
i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:
quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k.
From any cause of restraint.
(α).
To release from siege:
Bassanitas obsidione solvere,
Liv. 44, 30:
patriam obsidione solvere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
(β).
From moral restraints:
hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,
gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l.
From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
(α).
To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:
Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:
cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31:
ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:
Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
solvatne legibus Scipionem,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:
petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,
Liv. 31, 50, 8:
Scipio legibus solutus est,
id. Epit. 56:
Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,
Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:
ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,
Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:
(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:
solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,
id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:
nec leti lege solutas,
Lucr. 3, 687:
nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),
Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:
et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
(β).
Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:
reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,
i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:
soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,
id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:
solutus Legibus insanis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:
quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,
Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2.
To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
(α).
Of troops, ranks, etc.:
ubi ordines procursando solvissent,
Liv. 42, 65, 8:
incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,
Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:
agmina Diductis solvere choris,
Verg. A. 5, 581:
solvit maniplos,
Juv. 8, 154:
solvuntur laudata cohors,
Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:
commissas acies ego possum solvere,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
(β).
Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:
convivio soluto,
Liv. 40, 14 fin.:
convivium solvit,
Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:
Quid cessas convivia solvere?
Ov. F. 6, 675:
coetuque soluto Discedunt,
id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
(γ).
Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:
(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,
Quint. 1, 9, 2:
quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,
id. 9, 4, 14:
ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,
id. 1, 8, 13:
non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3.
Implying a change for the worse.
a.
To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):
Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,
Sen. Ep. 51, 5:
usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:
infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,
Quint. 1, 2, 6:
solutus luxu,
id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:
soluti in luxum,
Tac. H. 2, 99:
in lasciviam,
id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:
si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,
Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b.
To make torpid by removing sensation.
(α).
To relax, benumb the limbs or body;
as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,
Lucr. 6, 798:
ima Solvuntur latera,
Verg. G. 3, 523:
solvi debilitate corporis,
paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:
ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,
Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:
illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,
Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:
segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,
wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:
mentes solvere,
to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
(β).
By frost ( poet.):
solvuntur illi frigore membra,
Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
(γ).
By sleep ( poet. for sopio):
homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,
Ov. M. 7, 186:
corpora somnus Solverat,
id. ib. 10, 369:
molli languore solutus,
id. ib. 11, 648;
11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,
id. ib. 8, 817:
somno vinoque solutos,
id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:
ut membra solvit sopor,
id. ib. 12, 867:
non solvit pectora somnus,
Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:
solvitur in somnos,
Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:
aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,
lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
(δ).
By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:
corporibus quae senectus solvit,
Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):
(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:
alius inter cenandum solutus est,
id. Ep. 66, 43:
ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,
id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:
me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,
Sen. Troad. 605:
solvi inedia,
Petr. 111:
sic morte quasi somno soluta est,
Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4.
Of logical dissolution, to refute:
non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,
how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:
argumentum solvere,
Quint. 2, 17, 34:
solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,
Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b.
To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:
deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,
Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II.
To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;
post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,
Quint. 2, 12, 1:
qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,
Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:
supera compage soluta,
Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2.
To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:
nullo solvente catenas,
Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:
solvere frenum,
Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:
loris solutis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:
qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,
Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:
gelu solvitur,
it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:
solvitur acris hiems,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:
facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:
Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,
looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:
indigno non solvit bracchia collo,
Stat. Th. 5, 217:
digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,
id. ib. 8, 585.—
3.
To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:
solve vidulum ergo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:
eam solve cistulam,
id. Am. 2, 2, 151:
solve zonam,
untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:
solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,
Stat. Th. 5, 62:
animai nodos a corpore solvit,
Lucr. 2, 950:
nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?
Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:
solvere nodum,
Stat. Th. 11, 646:
laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:
vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,
Ov. M. 9, 58:
fasciam solve,
Sen. Ep. 80, 10:
solutis fasciis,
Curt. 7, 6, 5:
solvi fasciculum,
Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:
crinales vittas,
Verg. A. 7, 403:
Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,
Curt. 7, 2, 25:
equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,
Sen. Ep. 80, 9:
redimicula solvite collo,
Ov. F. 4, 135:
corollas de fronte,
Prop. 1, 3, 21:
solvere portas,
Stat. Th. 3, 492:
munimina valli,
id. ib. 12, 10:
ille pharetram Solvit,
Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:
solutis ac patefactis venis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:
venam cultello solvere,
Col. 6, 14; cf.
also: lychnis alvum solvit,
looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:
ventrem,
Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:
stomachus solutus = venter solutus,
loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B.
Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1.
Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a.
Of the mouth, etc., to open:
talibus ora solvit verbis,
Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:
ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,
Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:
vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,
os promptius ac solutius,
Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:
hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b.
To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:
si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,
Gai. Inst. 3, 160:
cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,
id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:
morte solvetur compromissum,
Dig. 4, 8, 27:
soluto matrimonio,
ib. 24, 3, 2:
solutum conjugium,
Juv. 9, 79:
qui... conjugalia solvit,
Sen. Med. 144:
nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,
Ov. M. 11, 743:
(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,
cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c.
To efface guilt or wrong:
magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,
Ov. F. 5, 304:
solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,
id. ib. 2, 44:
culpa soluta mea est,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:
neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
d.
Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;
less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,
Cic. Mil. 31, 85:
capite poenas solvit,
Sall. J. 69, 4:
meritas poenas solventem,
Curt. 6, 3, 14:
poenarum solvendi tempus,
Lucr. 5, 1224:
nunc solvo poenas,
Sen. Phoen. 172:
hac manu poenas tibi solvam,
id. Hippol. 1177.—
e.
To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:
atque animi curas e pectore solvat,
Lucr. 4, 908:
curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,
Hor. Epod. 9, 38:
patrimonii cura solvatur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §
2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:
solvite corde metum,
Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:
solve metus animo,
Stat. Th. 2, 356:
solvi pericula et metus narrant,
Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:
hoc uno solvitur ira modo,
id. A. A. 2, 460:
solvitque pudorem,
Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f.
Of sleep:
quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,
Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:
nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,
Luc. 6, 768; cf.:
lassitudinem solvere,
Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g.
Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
(α).
To raise a siege:
solutam cernebat obsidionem,
Liv. 36, 10, 14:
soluta obsidione,
id. 36, 31, 7:
ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,
id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
(β).
Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:
cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,
Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
(γ).
To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:
quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,
Sall. J. 39, 5:
imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,
Sen. Oedip. 525:
sonipedes imperia solvunt,
id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:
sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,
Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h.
Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:
solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),
Curt. 10, 2, 5:
solutae a se legis monitus,
Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:
cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,
Liv. 8, 4, 7:
(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,
id. 1, 49, 7:
oportebat istum morem solvi,
Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2.
Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a.
To subvert discipline:
disciplinam militarem solvisti,
Liv. 8, 7, 16:
luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,
id. 40, 1, 4:
quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,
Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b.
Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,
Sall. J. 41, 6:
patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
vires solvere,
Quint. 9, 4, 7:
vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,
Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c.
Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:
segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;
similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,
Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:
hoc firmos solvit amores,
Ov. A. A. 2, 385:
amores cantibus et herbis solvere,
Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d.
Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:
vitex dicitur febres solvere,
Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:
solvit jejunia granis,
Ov. F. 4, 607:
quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,
id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,
famem,
Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e.
To delay:
hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,
Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f.
Of darkness, to dispel:
lux solverat umbras,
Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g.
Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:
aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,
Sen. Phoen. 406:
electus formae certamina solvere pastor,
Stat. Achill. 2, 337:
jurgia solvere,
Manil. 3, 115:
contradictiones solvere,
Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h.
Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:
quia quaestionem solvere non posset,
Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:
aenigmata,
Quint. 8, 6, 53:
omnes solvere posse quaestiones,
Suet. Gram. 11:
haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,
Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:
unum tantum hoc solvendum est,
that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:
puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,
id. Ep. 48, 6:
carmina non intellecta Solverat,
Ov. M. 7, 760:
triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,
Sen. Oedip. 102:
nodos juris,
Juv. 8, 50:
proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,
Quint. 5, 10, 96:
plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,
id. 1, 10, 49:
quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,
id. 3, 7, 3:
ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,
id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3.
In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a.
To pay.
(α).
Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:
quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,
Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:
inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),
Liv. 6, 14, 5:
quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,
id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:
pro vectura rem solvit?
paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:
ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:
tibi res soluta est recte,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:
ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 20:
rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,
id. ib. 5, 3, 45:
dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:
res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,
id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);
semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,
they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:
si tergo res solvonda'st,
by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:
habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,
id. Curc. 3, 9:
tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
(β).
Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:
cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,
Cic. Fl. 18, 43:
ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,
id. ib. 20, 46:
misimus qui pro vectura solveret,
id. Att. 1, 3, 2:
qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,
Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:
ut creditori solvat,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:
si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,
it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:
numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,
to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:
fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,
id. ib. 2, 24, 84:
cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,
Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:
non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,
Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
(γ).
With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:
postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,
settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:
solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,
id. Fl. 23, 54:
ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,
id. Att. 16, 2, 1:
solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:
aes alienum solvere,
Sen. Ep. 36, 5:
quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?
id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,
debitum solvere,
id. ib. 6, 30, 2:
ne pecunias creditas solverent,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:
ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,
Liv. 6, 15, 5:
ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:
cum patriae quod debes solveris,
Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:
debet vero, solvitque praeclare,
id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:
aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:
qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
(δ).
By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:
emi: pecuniam solvi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:
pro frumento nihil solvit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §
169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,
Liv. 44, 16:
hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,
Nep. Milt. 7, 6:
nisi pecuniam solvisset,
id. Cim. 1, 1:
condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,
Liv. 30, 37 med.:
pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,
id. 36, 3, 1:
pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,
id. 32, 26, 14:
pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,
id. 40, 39 fin.:
meritam mercedem,
id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:
quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:
stipendium,
Liv. 28, 32, 1:
dotem mulieri,
Dig. 24, 3, 2:
litem aestimatam,
the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:
arbitria funeris,
the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:
solvere dodrantem,
to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:
dona puer solvit,
paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,
munera,
id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:
et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:
si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,
Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:
si (actor) solutus fuisset,
Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
(ε).
Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:
aliquid praesens solvere,
to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,
aliquid de praesentibus solvere,
Sen. Ep. 97, 16:
solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,
Vell. 2, 25:
quas solvere grates sufficiam?
Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;
nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,
Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:
unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):
Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,
Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:
homines dicere, se a me solvere,
id. ib. 5, 21, 11:
(summa) erat solvenda de meo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:
operas solvere alicui,
to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:
stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,
Gai. Inst. 4, 90:
iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,
Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;
2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,
a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.
in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,
Liv. 31, 13:
nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,
Dig. 50, 17, 105:
qui modo solvendo sint,
Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:
si solvendo sint,
Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:
nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:
solvendo non erat,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,
id. Off. 2, 22, 79;
and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,
Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:
*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),
Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b.
To fulfil the duty of burial.
(α).
Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:
qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,
who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:
justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,
Curt. 3, 12, 15:
proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,
id. 10, 6, 7:
ut justa soluta Remo,
Ov. F. 5, 452:
nunc justa nato solve,
Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
(β).
Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:
exsequiis rite solutis,
Verg. A. 7, 5:
cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,
Sen. Hippol. 1198:
solvere suprema militibus,
Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c.
Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
(α).
Alone:
vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:
quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,
Liv. 31, 9 fin.:
liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,
id. 40, 44, 8:
placatis diis votis rite solvendis,
id. 36, 37 fin.:
petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,
id. 45, 44:
animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,
Sen. Ep. 73, 5:
vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,
Tac. A. 2, 69:
vota pater solvit,
Ov. M. 9, 707:
ne votum solvat,
Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:
voti debita solvere,
Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.
the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),
Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:
V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),
ib. 2022 et saep.:
sacra solvere (=votum solvere),
Manil. 1, 427.—
(β).
With dat.:
ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:
vota Jovi solvo,
Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:
sunt vota soluta deae,
id. F. 6, 248:
dis vota solvis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:
libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),
Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d.
Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:
fidem obligatam liberare,
Suet. Claud. 9):
illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,
Flor. 1, 1, 12;
similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),
Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e.
Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):
perinde quasi promissum solvens,
Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:
solvitur quod cuique promissum est,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;
similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,
what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
A.
Lit.
1.
(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:
tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:
reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,
id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:
cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?
Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:
nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,
unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:
duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,
Liv. 27, 51:
eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,
id. 24, 45, 10:
non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2.
(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;
postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,
Sen. Ep. 90, 21;
ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,
Col. 2, 9:
soluta et facilis terra,
id. 3, 14;
solum solutum vel spissum,
id. 2, 2 init.;
seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,
Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:
hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,
id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:
solutiores ripae,
Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:
mas spissior, femina solutior,
Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:
dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3.
(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:
turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:
aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:
(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,
Cic. Or. 47, 173:
verbis solutus satis,
id. ib. 47, 174:
solutissimus in dicendo,
id. ib. 48, 180.—
2.
Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:
quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?
Cic. Planc. 30, 72:
soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,
unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:
si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,
Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;
non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,
id. ib. 4, 21, 3;
solutus omni fenore,
Hor. Epod. 2, 4;
nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,
Liv. 8, 32, 5:
Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3.
Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:
quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:
apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,
i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:
maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4.
Free from cares, undistracted:
animo soluto liberoque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,
id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5.
At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:
te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,
Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:
quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:
Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6.
Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:
quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,
Cic. Dom. 39, 104:
an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?
Sen. Ep. 23, 4:
vultus,
Stat. Th. 5, 355:
(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,
unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7.
Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:
cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:
ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,
Liv. 29, 1 fin.:
Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:
incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,
Tac. A. 2, 4:
quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,
Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:
rectore solutos (solis) equos,
Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8.
Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:
nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;
cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,
id. Div. 1, 2, 4:
judicio senatus soluto et libero,
id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:
sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,
uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9.
Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:
amores soluti et liberi,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
licentia,
id. ib. 4, 4, 4:
populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,
id. ib. 1, 34, 53:
quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,
id. Mil. 13, 34:
quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,
Liv. 27, 31 fin.:
adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,
id. 2, 1, 2:
solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,
a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,
Suet. Aug. 44:
mores soluti,
licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10.
Regardless of rules, careless, loose:
orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,
Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11.
Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
(α).
Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:
est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
(β).
More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);
in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,
Cic. Or. 52, 174:
mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,
id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;
68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,
Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;
de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,
id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:
ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,
id. ib. 7, 1:
primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,
Cic. Brut. 8, 32:
Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,
id. Or. 57, 192:
et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,
id. ib. 64, 215:
a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,
id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
(γ).
Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:
ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:
nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,
id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
(δ).
Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:
soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,
Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:
solutiora componere,
id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12.
Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):
sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,
Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13.
Undisciplined, disorderly:
omnia soluta apud hostes esse,
Liv. 8, 30, 3:
nihil temeritate solutum,
Tac. A. 13, 40:
apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,
Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14.
Lax, remiss, weak:
mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,
Tac. Or. 18:
soluti ac fluentes,
Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:
solutum genus orationis,
a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:
quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,
laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C.
(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:
aliquid in solutum dare,
to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:
qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:
qui rem in solutum accipit,
Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;
in solutum imputare,
to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:
pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,
Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:
pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,
Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
1.
Thinly:
corpora diffusa solute,
Lucr. 4, 53.—
2.
Of speech, fluently:
non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,
Cic. Brut. 29, 110:
ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,
id. ib. 81, 280:
quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,
Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3.
Irregularly, loosely:
a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4.
Freely, without restraint:
generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,
i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5.
Of style, without connection, loosely:
enuntiare,
Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6.
Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:
praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),
Liv. 39, 1, 4:
in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,
id. 23, 37, 6.—
7.
Weakly, tamely, without vigor:
quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,
Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8.
Of morals, loosely, without restraint:
ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,
Tac. A. 13, 47.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solutum
12 solvo

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:
soluisse,
Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I.
To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
Outwardly, to release.
a.
From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:
solvite istas,
i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:
solvite istum,
id. Mil. 5, 32:
numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:
jube solvi (eum),
Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:
ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:
ut vincti solvantur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §
12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:
ita nexi soluti (sunt),
Liv. 8, 28, 9:
solvite me, pueri,
Verg. E. 6, 24:
fore ut brevi solveretur,
Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:
canis solutus catena,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:
solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),
Stat. Th. 5, 15:
terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b.
From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:
solverat sol equos,
unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:
et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:
et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,
id. H. 11, 4:
praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:
soluta toga,
Quint. 11, 3, 147:
vela solvere,
Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c.
From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:
Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,
Prop. 2, 1, 69:
fraxinus solvitur,
from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:
ceciditque soluta pinus,
id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:
pinus radice soluta, deficit,
id. S. 5, 1, 152:
solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:
accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,
detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;
but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:
querno solvunt de stipite funem,
id. F. 4, 333:
fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,
id. Am. 2, 11, 23:
curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),
Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:
imber caelesti nube solutus,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:
cum solis radii absumant,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:
solutum a latere pugionem,
detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
d.
Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
(α).
With acc. alone:
eisce confectis navem solvimus,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:
navim cupimus solvere,
id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:
naves solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;
3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,
Liv. 45, 6:
postero die solvere naves (jussi),
id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
classem solvere,
Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
(β).
With ab and abl.:
navis a terra solverunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,
Liv. 31, 7 med.:
solvunt a litore puppes,
Luc. 2, 649.—
(γ).
With ex and abl.:
nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
(δ).
With abl.:
complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
portu solventibus,
id. Mur. 2, 4.—
(ε).
Absol. (sc. navem or naves):
tertia fere vigilia solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:
nos eo die cenati solvimus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:
altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,
Liv. 31, 14 init.:
qui inde solverant,
Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:
solvi mare languido,
Sen. Ep. 53, 1:
fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,
id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:
non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,
making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
(ζ).
With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):
naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
(η).
Poet. usages:
de litore puppis solvit iter,
clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:
nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,
Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e.
Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,
Lucr. 6, 706:
cruor solvitur,
Stat. Th. 9, 530:
lacrimas solvere,
id. Achill. 2, 256:
solutis lacrimis,
Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,
partus solvere,
to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2.
To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
a.
In gen.:
omne colligatum solvi potest,
Cic. Fin. 11.—
b.
Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
solvere naves et rursus conjungere,
Curt. 8, 10, 3:
solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:
dubitavit an solveret pontem,
Curt. 4, 16, 8:
solvere pontem,
Tac. A. 1, 69:
si pons solutus sit,
Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:
solutus pons tempestatibus,
Just. 2, 13, 9:
currum (solis) solutum,
Manil. 1, 740.—
c.
Of woven stuff:
solvens texta,
Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d.
Of mountains:
utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),
Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:
tridente Neptunus montem solvit,
id. Agam. 553.—
e.
Of the neck:
soluta cervix silicis impulsu,
broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f.
Of a comet:
momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g.
Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:
solve capillos,
Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:
crinem,
id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:
comas casside,
Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h.
Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;
post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:
ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,
Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3.
To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
(α).
Of a change into air or gas:
calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,
dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:
nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,
id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:
ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,
Stat. Th. 5, 285;
nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,
Ov. M. 15, 845.—
(β).
Into a liquid, to melt:
saepe terra in tabem solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:
terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,
id. ib. 3, 29, 4:
nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,
Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:
ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,
nivem solvere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:
rigor auri solvitur aestu,
Lucr. 1, 493:
ferrum calidi solvant camini,
Manil. 4, 250:
cerae igne solutae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 47:
Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,
Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:
(herba) quinto die solvitur,
id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
(γ).
Of putrefaction:
(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,
Verg. G. 4, 302.—
(δ).
Of change in general:
inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,
Ov. F. 1, 108:
repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),
Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
(ε).
Of expansion by heat:
(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
(ζ).
Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:
gravitas aeris solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
(η).
Solvi in, to pass into, become:
in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,
Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:
donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,
disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:
postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),
Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4.
To consume, to destroy, dissolve:
solvere orbes,
Manil. 1, 497:
ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),
Lucr. 3, 287:
(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,
Liv. 39, 40, 11:
si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:
(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,
id. ib. 7, 9, 4:
tabes solvit corpora,
Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:
nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),
id. 3, 506:
ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,
Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:
solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,
Sen. Ep. 22, 3:
hanc mihi solvite vitam,
Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a.
From the body, etc.:
teque isto corpore solvo,
Verg. A. 4, 703:
soluta corpore anima,
Quint. 5, 14, 13:
qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,
Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:
vocem solvere,
to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:
suspiria solvit,
Stat. Th. 11, 604:
solvat turba jocos,
Sen. Med. 114:
solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),
Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:
Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,
unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b.
Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:
linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,
Ov. M. 3, 261:
lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,
Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:
ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,
id. Const. 11, 3:
(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,
Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:
magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,
Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.
of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,
unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c.
From obligations and debts:
solvit me debito,
Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:
an nos debito solverit,
id. Ep. 81, 3:
ut religione civitas solvatur,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:
te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),
Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:
hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,
Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:
sacramento solvi,
Tac. A. 16, 13:
cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,
Dig. 49, 16, 13:
militia solvere,
Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:
ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,
Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:
ut manere solveretur,
that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d.
From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):
si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,
be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:
atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,
id. ib. 4, 9:
sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,
Ov. F. 6, 452:
ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,
id. ib. 2, 40:
Helenen ego crimine solvo,
id. A. A. 2, 371:
quid crimine solvis Germanum?
Stat. Th. 11, 379:
solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e.
From feelings, etc.:
quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:
cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:
senatus cura belli solutus,
Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:
pectus linquunt cura solutum,
Lucr. 2, 45:
his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:
soluti metu,
Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:
solvent formidine terras,
Verg. E. 4, 14:
solve metu patriam,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:
metu belli Scythas solvit,
Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:
haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:
soluti a cupiditatibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:
longo luctu,
Verg. A. 2, 26:
tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),
Sen. Hippol. 450:
solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,
id. Herc. Fur. 1063:
Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?
Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:
solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),
the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:
rabie tigrim,
Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:
ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),
Sen. Ep. 95, 38:
calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?
i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:
solvite animos,
Manil. 4, 12.—With in:
vix haec in munera solvo animum,
i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f.
From sleep, very rare:
ego somno solutus sum,
awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
g.
From labor, business, etc.:
volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,
Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:
solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,
Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:
Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,
to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h.
From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
frontem solvere disce,
Mart. 14, 183:
saltem ora trucesque solve genas,
Stat. Th. 11, 373:
solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:
solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,
be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:
vultum risu solvit,
relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:
risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,
Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,
solvere judicem,
unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:
solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),
Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:
ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:
cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:
solventur risu tabulae,
i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:
quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k.
From any cause of restraint.
(α).
To release from siege:
Bassanitas obsidione solvere,
Liv. 44, 30:
patriam obsidione solvere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
(β).
From moral restraints:
hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,
gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l.
From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
(α).
To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:
Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:
cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31:
ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:
Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
solvatne legibus Scipionem,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:
petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,
Liv. 31, 50, 8:
Scipio legibus solutus est,
id. Epit. 56:
Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,
Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:
ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,
Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:
(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:
solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,
id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:
nec leti lege solutas,
Lucr. 3, 687:
nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),
Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:
et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
(β).
Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:
reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,
i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:
soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,
id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:
solutus Legibus insanis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:
quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,
Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2.
To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
(α).
Of troops, ranks, etc.:
ubi ordines procursando solvissent,
Liv. 42, 65, 8:
incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,
Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:
agmina Diductis solvere choris,
Verg. A. 5, 581:
solvit maniplos,
Juv. 8, 154:
solvuntur laudata cohors,
Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:
commissas acies ego possum solvere,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
(β).
Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:
convivio soluto,
Liv. 40, 14 fin.:
convivium solvit,
Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:
Quid cessas convivia solvere?
Ov. F. 6, 675:
coetuque soluto Discedunt,
id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
(γ).
Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:
(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,
Quint. 1, 9, 2:
quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,
id. 9, 4, 14:
ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,
id. 1, 8, 13:
non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3.
Implying a change for the worse.
a.
To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):
Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,
Sen. Ep. 51, 5:
usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:
infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,
Quint. 1, 2, 6:
solutus luxu,
id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:
soluti in luxum,
Tac. H. 2, 99:
in lasciviam,
id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:
si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,
Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b.
To make torpid by removing sensation.
(α).
To relax, benumb the limbs or body;
as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,
Lucr. 6, 798:
ima Solvuntur latera,
Verg. G. 3, 523:
solvi debilitate corporis,
paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:
ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,
Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:
illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,
Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:
segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,
wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:
mentes solvere,
to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
(β).
By frost ( poet.):
solvuntur illi frigore membra,
Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
(γ).
By sleep ( poet. for sopio):
homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,
Ov. M. 7, 186:
corpora somnus Solverat,
id. ib. 10, 369:
molli languore solutus,
id. ib. 11, 648;
11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,
id. ib. 8, 817:
somno vinoque solutos,
id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:
ut membra solvit sopor,
id. ib. 12, 867:
non solvit pectora somnus,
Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:
solvitur in somnos,
Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:
aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,
lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
(δ).
By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:
corporibus quae senectus solvit,
Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):
(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:
alius inter cenandum solutus est,
id. Ep. 66, 43:
ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,
id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:
me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,
Sen. Troad. 605:
solvi inedia,
Petr. 111:
sic morte quasi somno soluta est,
Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4.
Of logical dissolution, to refute:
non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,
how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:
argumentum solvere,
Quint. 2, 17, 34:
solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,
Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b.
To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:
deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,
Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II.
To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;
post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,
Quint. 2, 12, 1:
qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,
Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:
supera compage soluta,
Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2.
To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:
nullo solvente catenas,
Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:
solvere frenum,
Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:
loris solutis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:
qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,
Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:
gelu solvitur,
it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:
solvitur acris hiems,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:
facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:
Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,
looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:
indigno non solvit bracchia collo,
Stat. Th. 5, 217:
digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,
id. ib. 8, 585.—
3.
To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:
solve vidulum ergo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:
eam solve cistulam,
id. Am. 2, 2, 151:
solve zonam,
untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:
solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,
Stat. Th. 5, 62:
animai nodos a corpore solvit,
Lucr. 2, 950:
nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?
Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:
solvere nodum,
Stat. Th. 11, 646:
laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:
vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,
Ov. M. 9, 58:
fasciam solve,
Sen. Ep. 80, 10:
solutis fasciis,
Curt. 7, 6, 5:
solvi fasciculum,
Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:
crinales vittas,
Verg. A. 7, 403:
Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,
Curt. 7, 2, 25:
equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,
Sen. Ep. 80, 9:
redimicula solvite collo,
Ov. F. 4, 135:
corollas de fronte,
Prop. 1, 3, 21:
solvere portas,
Stat. Th. 3, 492:
munimina valli,
id. ib. 12, 10:
ille pharetram Solvit,
Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:
solutis ac patefactis venis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:
venam cultello solvere,
Col. 6, 14; cf.
also: lychnis alvum solvit,
looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:
ventrem,
Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:
stomachus solutus = venter solutus,
loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B.
Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1.
Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a.
Of the mouth, etc., to open:
talibus ora solvit verbis,
Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:
ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,
Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:
vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,
os promptius ac solutius,
Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:
hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b.
To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:
si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,
Gai. Inst. 3, 160:
cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,
id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:
morte solvetur compromissum,
Dig. 4, 8, 27:
soluto matrimonio,
ib. 24, 3, 2:
solutum conjugium,
Juv. 9, 79:
qui... conjugalia solvit,
Sen. Med. 144:
nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,
Ov. M. 11, 743:
(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,
cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c.
To efface guilt or wrong:
magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,
Ov. F. 5, 304:
solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,
id. ib. 2, 44:
culpa soluta mea est,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:
neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
d.
Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;
less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,
Cic. Mil. 31, 85:
capite poenas solvit,
Sall. J. 69, 4:
meritas poenas solventem,
Curt. 6, 3, 14:
poenarum solvendi tempus,
Lucr. 5, 1224:
nunc solvo poenas,
Sen. Phoen. 172:
hac manu poenas tibi solvam,
id. Hippol. 1177.—
e.
To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:
atque animi curas e pectore solvat,
Lucr. 4, 908:
curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,
Hor. Epod. 9, 38:
patrimonii cura solvatur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §
2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:
solvite corde metum,
Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:
solve metus animo,
Stat. Th. 2, 356:
solvi pericula et metus narrant,
Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:
hoc uno solvitur ira modo,
id. A. A. 2, 460:
solvitque pudorem,
Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f.
Of sleep:
quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,
Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:
nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,
Luc. 6, 768; cf.:
lassitudinem solvere,
Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g.
Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
(α).
To raise a siege:
solutam cernebat obsidionem,
Liv. 36, 10, 14:
soluta obsidione,
id. 36, 31, 7:
ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,
id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
(β).
Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:
cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,
Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
(γ).
To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:
quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,
Sall. J. 39, 5:
imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,
Sen. Oedip. 525:
sonipedes imperia solvunt,
id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:
sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,
Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h.
Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:
solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),
Curt. 10, 2, 5:
solutae a se legis monitus,
Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:
cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,
Liv. 8, 4, 7:
(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,
id. 1, 49, 7:
oportebat istum morem solvi,
Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2.
Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a.
To subvert discipline:
disciplinam militarem solvisti,
Liv. 8, 7, 16:
luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,
id. 40, 1, 4:
quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,
Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b.
Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,
Sall. J. 41, 6:
patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
vires solvere,
Quint. 9, 4, 7:
vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,
Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c.
Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:
segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;
similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,
Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:
hoc firmos solvit amores,
Ov. A. A. 2, 385:
amores cantibus et herbis solvere,
Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d.
Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:
vitex dicitur febres solvere,
Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:
solvit jejunia granis,
Ov. F. 4, 607:
quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,
id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,
famem,
Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e.
To delay:
hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,
Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f.
Of darkness, to dispel:
lux solverat umbras,
Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g.
Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:
aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,
Sen. Phoen. 406:
electus formae certamina solvere pastor,
Stat. Achill. 2, 337:
jurgia solvere,
Manil. 3, 115:
contradictiones solvere,
Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h.
Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:
quia quaestionem solvere non posset,
Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:
aenigmata,
Quint. 8, 6, 53:
omnes solvere posse quaestiones,
Suet. Gram. 11:
haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,
Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:
unum tantum hoc solvendum est,
that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:
puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,
id. Ep. 48, 6:
carmina non intellecta Solverat,
Ov. M. 7, 760:
triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,
Sen. Oedip. 102:
nodos juris,
Juv. 8, 50:
proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,
Quint. 5, 10, 96:
plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,
id. 1, 10, 49:
quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,
id. 3, 7, 3:
ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,
id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3.
In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a.
To pay.
(α).
Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:
quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,
Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:
inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),
Liv. 6, 14, 5:
quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,
id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:
pro vectura rem solvit?
paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:
ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:
tibi res soluta est recte,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:
ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 20:
rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,
id. ib. 5, 3, 45:
dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:
res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,
id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);
semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,
they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:
si tergo res solvonda'st,
by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:
habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,
id. Curc. 3, 9:
tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
(β).
Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:
cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,
Cic. Fl. 18, 43:
ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,
id. ib. 20, 46:
misimus qui pro vectura solveret,
id. Att. 1, 3, 2:
qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,
Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:
ut creditori solvat,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:
si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,
it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:
numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,
to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:
fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,
id. ib. 2, 24, 84:
cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,
Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:
non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,
Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
(γ).
With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:
postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,
settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:
solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,
id. Fl. 23, 54:
ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,
id. Att. 16, 2, 1:
solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:
aes alienum solvere,
Sen. Ep. 36, 5:
quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?
id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,
debitum solvere,
id. ib. 6, 30, 2:
ne pecunias creditas solverent,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:
ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,
Liv. 6, 15, 5:
ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:
cum patriae quod debes solveris,
Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:
debet vero, solvitque praeclare,
id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:
aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:
qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
(δ).
By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:
emi: pecuniam solvi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:
pro frumento nihil solvit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §
169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,
Liv. 44, 16:
hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,
Nep. Milt. 7, 6:
nisi pecuniam solvisset,
id. Cim. 1, 1:
condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,
Liv. 30, 37 med.:
pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,
id. 36, 3, 1:
pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,
id. 32, 26, 14:
pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,
id. 40, 39 fin.:
meritam mercedem,
id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:
quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:
stipendium,
Liv. 28, 32, 1:
dotem mulieri,
Dig. 24, 3, 2:
litem aestimatam,
the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:
arbitria funeris,
the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:
solvere dodrantem,
to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:
dona puer solvit,
paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,
munera,
id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:
et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:
si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,
Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:
si (actor) solutus fuisset,
Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
(ε).
Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:
aliquid praesens solvere,
to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,
aliquid de praesentibus solvere,
Sen. Ep. 97, 16:
solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,
Vell. 2, 25:
quas solvere grates sufficiam?
Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;
nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,
Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:
unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):
Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,
Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:
homines dicere, se a me solvere,
id. ib. 5, 21, 11:
(summa) erat solvenda de meo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:
operas solvere alicui,
to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:
stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,
Gai. Inst. 4, 90:
iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,
Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;
2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,
a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.
in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,
Liv. 31, 13:
nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,
Dig. 50, 17, 105:
qui modo solvendo sint,
Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:
si solvendo sint,
Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:
nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:
solvendo non erat,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,
id. Off. 2, 22, 79;
and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,
Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:
*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),
Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b.
To fulfil the duty of burial.
(α).
Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:
qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,
who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:
justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,
Curt. 3, 12, 15:
proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,
id. 10, 6, 7:
ut justa soluta Remo,
Ov. F. 5, 452:
nunc justa nato solve,
Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
(β).
Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:
exsequiis rite solutis,
Verg. A. 7, 5:
cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,
Sen. Hippol. 1198:
solvere suprema militibus,
Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c.
Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
(α).
Alone:
vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:
quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,
Liv. 31, 9 fin.:
liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,
id. 40, 44, 8:
placatis diis votis rite solvendis,
id. 36, 37 fin.:
petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,
id. 45, 44:
animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,
Sen. Ep. 73, 5:
vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,
Tac. A. 2, 69:
vota pater solvit,
Ov. M. 9, 707:
ne votum solvat,
Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:
voti debita solvere,
Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.
the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),
Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:
V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),
ib. 2022 et saep.:
sacra solvere (=votum solvere),
Manil. 1, 427.—
(β).
With dat.:
ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:
vota Jovi solvo,
Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:
sunt vota soluta deae,
id. F. 6, 248:
dis vota solvis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:
libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),
Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d.
Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:
fidem obligatam liberare,
Suet. Claud. 9):
illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,
Flor. 1, 1, 12;
similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),
Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e.
Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):
perinde quasi promissum solvens,
Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:
solvitur quod cuique promissum est,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;
similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,
what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
A.
Lit.
1.
(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:
tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:
reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,
id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:
cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?
Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:
nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,
unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:
duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,
Liv. 27, 51:
eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,
id. 24, 45, 10:
non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2.
(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;
postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,
Sen. Ep. 90, 21;
ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,
Col. 2, 9:
soluta et facilis terra,
id. 3, 14;
solum solutum vel spissum,
id. 2, 2 init.;
seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,
Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:
hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,
id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:
solutiores ripae,
Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:
mas spissior, femina solutior,
Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:
dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3.
(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:
turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:
aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:
(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,
Cic. Or. 47, 173:
verbis solutus satis,
id. ib. 47, 174:
solutissimus in dicendo,
id. ib. 48, 180.—
2.
Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:
quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?
Cic. Planc. 30, 72:
soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,
unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:
si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,
Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;
non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,
id. ib. 4, 21, 3;
solutus omni fenore,
Hor. Epod. 2, 4;
nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,
Liv. 8, 32, 5:
Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3.
Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:
quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:
apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,
i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:
maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4.
Free from cares, undistracted:
animo soluto liberoque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,
id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5.
At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:
te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,
Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:
quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:
Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6.
Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:
quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,
Cic. Dom. 39, 104:
an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?
Sen. Ep. 23, 4:
vultus,
Stat. Th. 5, 355:
(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,
unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7.
Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:
cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:
ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,
Liv. 29, 1 fin.:
Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:
incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,
Tac. A. 2, 4:
quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,
Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:
rectore solutos (solis) equos,
Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8.
Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:
nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;
cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,
id. Div. 1, 2, 4:
judicio senatus soluto et libero,
id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:
sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,
uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9.
Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:
amores soluti et liberi,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
licentia,
id. ib. 4, 4, 4:
populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,
id. ib. 1, 34, 53:
quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,
id. Mil. 13, 34:
quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,
Liv. 27, 31 fin.:
adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,
id. 2, 1, 2:
solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,
a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,
Suet. Aug. 44:
mores soluti,
licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10.
Regardless of rules, careless, loose:
orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,
Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11.
Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
(α).
Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:
est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
(β).
More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);
in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,
Cic. Or. 52, 174:
mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,
id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;
68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,
Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;
de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,
id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:
ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,
id. ib. 7, 1:
primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,
Cic. Brut. 8, 32:
Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,
id. Or. 57, 192:
et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,
id. ib. 64, 215:
a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,
id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
(γ).
Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:
ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:
nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,
id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
(δ).
Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:
soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,
Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:
solutiora componere,
id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12.
Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):
sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,
Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13.
Undisciplined, disorderly:
omnia soluta apud hostes esse,
Liv. 8, 30, 3:
nihil temeritate solutum,
Tac. A. 13, 40:
apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,
Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14.
Lax, remiss, weak:
mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,
Tac. Or. 18:
soluti ac fluentes,
Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:
solutum genus orationis,
a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:
quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,
laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C.
(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:
aliquid in solutum dare,
to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:
qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:
qui rem in solutum accipit,
Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;
in solutum imputare,
to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:
pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,
Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:
pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,
Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
1.
Thinly:
corpora diffusa solute,
Lucr. 4, 53.—
2.
Of speech, fluently:
non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,
Cic. Brut. 29, 110:
ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,
id. ib. 81, 280:
quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,
Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3.
Irregularly, loosely:
a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4.
Freely, without restraint:
generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,
i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5.
Of style, without connection, loosely:
enuntiare,
Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6.
Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:
praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),
Liv. 39, 1, 4:
in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,
id. 23, 37, 6.—
7.
Weakly, tamely, without vigor:
quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,
Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8.
Of morals, loosely, without restraint:
ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,
Tac. A. 13, 47.

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