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six-engined

Толкование Перевод

1 six-engined aircraft

шестидвигательный ЛА; самолёт с шестью двигателями

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > six-engined aircraft
2 six-engined bomber

бомбардировщик с шестью двигателями

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > six-engined bomber
3 aircraft

воздушное судно [суда], атмосферный летательный аппарат [аппараты]; самолёт (ы) ; вертолёты); авиация; авиационный; см. тж. airplane, boost

aircraft in the barrier — самолёт, задержанный аварийной (аэродромной) тормозной установкой

aircraft in the pattern — самолёт на посадочном круге

aircraft off the line — новый [только что построенный] ЛА

aircraft on minimum fuel — ЛА с минимальным (для посадки) остатком топлива

arresting hook equipped aircraft — самолёт с тормозным крюком

B through F aircraft — самолёты модификаций B, C, D, E и F

carrier(-based, -borne) aircraft — палубный ЛА; авианосная авиация

clean up the aircraft — убирать шасси и закрылки

clear the air of enemy aircraft — очищать воздушное пространство от авиации противника

conventional takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт с обычными взлетом и посадкой (в отличие от укороченного или вертикального)

drive off enemy aircraft — отгонять ЛА противника

drop the aircraft onlo main wheels — опускать ЛА на главные колеса (при посадке)

earth resources survey aircraft — ЛА для исследования ресурсов Земли

force an enemy aircraft down — вынуждать ЛА противника к посадке

forward air control aircraft — самолёт наведения

get out of the aircraft — покидать ЛА

get the aircraft into production — запускать ЛА в (серийное) производство

get the aircraft on the ground — сажать ЛА на землю

high-differential pressure cabin aircraft — самолёт с большим перепадом давления в гермокабине

in-flight refueling tanker aircraft — самолёт-заправщик

keep the aircraft (headed) straight — выдерживать направление полёта ЛА (при выполнении маневра); сохранять прямолинейный полет ЛА

keep the aircraft flying — поддерживать ЛА в состоянии лётной годности

keep the aircraft in flying trim — поддерживать ЛА в состоянии лётной годности

keep the aircraft stalled — сохранять режим срыва [сваливания] самолёта, оставлять самолёт в режиме срыва [сваливания]

lift the aircraft off the ground — отрывать ЛА от земли (при взлете)

light observation quiet aircraft — лёгкий наблюдательный малошумный самолёт

low-differential pressure cabin aircraft — самолёт с малым перепадом давления в гермокабине

nearly wing borne aircraft — верт. ЛА в конце режима перехода к горизонтальному полёту

night forward air control aircraft — ночной самолёт наведения

outmaneuver an enemy aircraft — превосходить ЛА противника в маневренности

outspeed an enemy aircraft — превосходить ЛА противника в скорости

pull the aircraft off the deck — разг. отрывать ЛА от земли (при взлете)

put the aircraft back in an operational status — возвращать ЛА в строй (годных к эксплуатации)

put the aircraft into service — вводить ЛА в эксплуатацию

put the aircraft nose-up — переводить [вводить] ЛА на кабрирование [в режим кабрирования]

put the aircraft onto the runway — сажать ЛА па ВПП

put the aircraft through its paces — определять предельные возможности ЛА, «выжимать все из ЛА»

reduced takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт укороченного взлета и посадки (с укороченным разбегом и пробегом)

remotely controlled manned aircraft — телеуправляемый ЛА с экипажем на борту (на этапе отработки)

remotely piloted target aircraft — дистанционно управляемый самолёт-мишень

render the aircraft airborne — поднимать ЛА в воздух

rock the aircraft from side to side — раскачивать ЛА из стороны в сторону

rocket(-powered, -propelled) aircraft — ракетный ЛА, ЛА с ракетным двигателем

roll the aircraft into a bank — вводить ЛА в крен, накренять ЛА

rotate the aircraft into the climb — увеличивать угол тангажа ЛА для перехода к набору высоты, переводить ЛА в набор высоты

search and rescue aircraft — поисково-спасательный самолёт или вертолёт

send the aircraft around — направлять ЛА на второй круг

short takeoff and landing aircraft — самолёт короткого взлета и посадки (с коротким разбегом и пробегом)

single vertical tail aircraft — ЛА с одинарным [центральным] вертикальным оперением

stability and control aircraft — ЛА для исследования характеристик устойчивости и управляемости

stowable rotor aircraft — ЛА со складывающимся несущим винтом

strategic(-mission, -purpose) aircraft — ЛА стратегического назначения; стратегический самолёт

take the aircraft into flight — поднимать ЛА в воздух

take the aircraft throughout its entire envelope — пилотировать ЛА во всем диапазоне полётных режимов

talk in an aircraft — раза выводить ЛА на посадочный курс

test and evaluation aircraft — ЛА предназначенные для лётных испытаний и оценки

tilt wing-deflected slipstream aircraft — СВВП с поворотным крылом и отклоняемой струей от винтов

trim the aircraft to fly hands-and-feet off — балансировать самолёт для полёта с брошенным управлением [с брошенными ручкой и педалями]

turbofan(-engined, -powered) aircraft — ЛА с турбовентиляторными двигателями, ЛА с ТРДД

turbojet(-powered, -propelled) aircraft — ЛА с ТРД

turn the aircraft toward the runway — разворачивать ЛА в направлении ВПП

turn up the aircraft — гонять двигатели ЛА

undergraduate navigator training aircraft — учебно-тренировочный самолёт для повышенной лётной подготовки штурманов

upper atmosphere research aircraft — ЛА для исследования верхних слоев атмосферы

vertical takeoff and landing aircraft — ЛА вертикального взлета и посадки

water(-based, takeoff and landing) aircraft — гидросамолёт

wrench the aircraft into a turn — вводить ЛА в разворот

— abandoned aircraft

— aborted aircraft

— acrobatic aircraft

— active ECM aircraft

— administrative aircraft

— advanced aircraft

— advanced-trainer aircraft

— aerobatic aircraft

— aerobatic training aircraft

— aerodynamic-test aircraft

— aft-engined aircraft

— ailing aircraft

— air alert aircraft

— air reserve aircraft

— airborne alert aircraft

— air-breathing aircraft

— air-carrier aircraft

— aircraft in distress

— aircraft in service

— aircraft in trouble

— aircraft on loan

— airline aircraft

— air-to-air refueling aircraft

— airworthy aircraft

— all-altitude aircraft

— all-body aircraft

— all-can-do aircraft

— all-cargo aircraft

— all-metal aircraft

— all-purpose aircraft

— all-rocket-armed aircraft

— all-terrain aircraft

— all-weather aircraft

— all-wing aircraft

— all-wood aircraft

— aluminum aircraft

— ambulance aircraft

— amphibian aircraft

— amphibious aircraft

— annular-wing aircraft

— antiradiation missile aircraft

— antisubmarine warfare aircraft

— armed aircraft

— armored aircraft

— army aircraft

— army cooperation aircraft

— army support aircraft

— arriving aircraft

— artillery location aircraft

— artillery observation aircraft

— artillery reconnaissance aircraft

— assault aircraft

— assault transport aircraft

— ASW aircraft

— asymmetrical aircraft

— athodyd aircraft

— atmosphere-entry-type aircraft

— attack aircraft

— augmented jet aircraft

— augmentor-wing aircraft

— automatically-controlled aircraft

— autopilot-controlled aircraft

— autopiloted aircraft

— backup aircraft

— bailment aircraft

— ballasted aircraft

— base flight aircraft

— basic aircraft

— big-door aircraft

— bimotor aircraft

— bingoing aircraft

— biservice aircraft

— bisymmetrical aircraft

— BLC aircraft

— blind-flying training aircraft

— bobtailed aircraft

— bombing aircraft

— boost-glide aircraft

— border patrol aircraft

— box-like aircraft

— braced aircraft

— business aircraft

— cabin-type aircraft

— canard aircraft

— cargo aircraft

— carrier-on-board aircraft

— CASS aircraft

— catapulted aircraft

— Cat-T aircraft

— century series aircraft

— certified aircraft

— channel-wing aircraft

— chase aircraft

— chemically-fueled aircraft

— chemically-powered aircraft

— chock the aircraft

— clean configured aircraft

— close-air-support aircraft

— cloud sampling aircraft

— coastal patrol aircraft

— COIN aircraft

— collapsible aircraft

— collision-protected aircraft

— combat aircraft

— combat-and-trainer aircraft

— combat-damaged aircraft

— combat-loaded aircraft

— combination aircraft

— command communication aircraft

— command post aircraft

— commercial aircraft

— communication relay aircraft

— company-funded aircraft

— comparable enemy aircraft

— complete aircraft

— composite aircraft

— composite powerplant aircraft

— composite turbojet aircraft

— computer-driven aircraft

— configure the aircraft

— conventional design aircraft

— conventional-technology aircraft

— converging aircraft

— conversion-type aircraft

— converted aircraft

— convertible aircraft

— cooperation aircraft

— countermeasures aircraft

— crashed aircraft

— crash-landed aircraft

— crescent-wing aircraft

— cross-country aircraft

— cruciform aircraft

— CTOL aircraft

— damaged aircraft

— deck-landing aircraft

— deck-launched aircraft

— deck-launching aircraft

— defensive aircraft

— deflected-exhaust aircraft

— deflected-slipstream aircraft

— deflected-thrust aircraft

— delta-winged aircraft

— demonstrator aircraft

— departing aircraft

— designator aircraft

— development batch aircraft

— development test aircraft

— developmental aircraft

— directed aircraft

— direct-lift aircraft

— director aircraft

— disabled aircraft

— dispersed aircraft

— distressed aircraft

— dlscoid-shaped aircraft

— Doppler-navigated aircraft

— double-deck aircraft

— double-delta aircraft

— downed aircraft

— drone aircraft

— dual-control aircraft

— dual-role aircraft

— dual-service aircraft

— ducted-propeller aircraft

— dynamically slender aircraft

— early-warning aircraft

— ECM aircraft

— eight-engined aircraft

— ejection-seat aircraft

— ejector-seat aircraft

— electronic conntermeasures aircraft

— electronic intelligence aircraft

— electronic reconnaissance aircraft

— electronic warfare aircraft

— electronically-controlled aircraft

— elongated aircraft

— endurance-test aircraft

— enemy intruder aircraft

— engineless aircraft

— enroute aircraft

— errant aircraft

— escort aircraft

— executive aircraft

— exit the aircraft

— expendable aircraft

— experimental aircraft

— extended-range aircraft

— faker aircraft

— fan-in-wing aircraft

— fan-jet aircraft

— fast aircraft

— fast-climbing aircraft

— fast-penetration aircraft

— feeder liner aircraft

— ferret aircraft

— ferrying aircraft

— fertilizing aircraft

— fighter control aircraft

— fighter direction aircraft

— fighter reconnaissance aircraft

— firing aircraft

— first-generation aircraft

— first-line aircraft

— fixed aircraft

— fixed-gear aircraft

— fixed-geometry aircraft

— fixed-wing aircraft

— flamed-out aircraft

— flank aircraft

— flapless aircraft

— flapped aircraft

— fleet-orbiting aircraft

— flexible aircraft

— flight aircraft

— flight-inspection aircraft

— flight-test aircraft

— floated aircraft

— flutter-clear aircraft

— flying testbed aircraft

— folding-rotor aircraft

— folding-winged aircraft

— foreign-built aircraft

— four-engined aircraft

— four-jet aircraft

— freight aircraft

— friendly aircraft

— front-line aircraft

— full-scale aircraft

— full-sized aircraft

— fully-aerobatic aircraft

— fully-armed aircraft

— fully-fueled aircraft

— fully-manned aircraft

— fuselage-heavy aircraft

— G aircraft

— gas-turbine aircraft

— gear-down aircraft

— gear-up aircraft

— general aviation aircraft

— general-purpose aircraft

— general-utility aircraft

— generating aircraft

— GETOL aircraft

— glazed-nose aircraft

— glider transport aircraft

— glider tug aircraft

— glide-type aircraft

— government aircraft

— ground alert aircraft

— guided aircraft

— gunship aircraft

— gust sensitive aircraft

— gyrodyne aircraft

— handle the aircraft

— handy aircraft

— hard-runway aircraft

— heavier-than-air aircraft

— heavy weight aircraft

— hedge-hopping aircraft

— helicopter-cum-fixed-wing aircraft

— high-altitude aircraft

— high-altitude surveillance aircraft

— high-aspect-ratio wing aircraft

— high-dynamic-pressure aircraft

— high-flying aircraft

— highly-flexible aircraft

— highly-maneuverable aircraft

— highly-wing loaded aircraft

— high-Mach aircraft

— high-performance aircraft

— high-set tail aircraft

— high-speed aircraft

— high-subsonic aircraft

— high-supersonic aircraft

— high-time aircraft

— high-winged aircraft

— holding aircraft

— home-built aircraft

— hostile aircraft

— hot-foot aircraft

— hovering aircraft

— hover-jet aircraft

— human-piloted aircraft

— hungry aircraft

— hydro-ski aircraft

— hypersonic aircraft

— hypersonic cruise aircraft

— hypothetical aircraft

— IFR aircraft

— illuminating aircraft

— incoming aircraft

— inertial fuselage-heavy aircraft

— inertially slender aircraft

— inflatable aircraft

— inflatable-wing aircraft

— inhabited aircraft

— in-service aircraft

— instrument training aircraft

— instrumented aircraft

— intercity aircraft

— intercommunication aircraft

— intercontinental aircraft

— interrogate the aircraft

— intruder aircraft

— inverted aircraft

— jamming aircraft

— jet attack aircraft

— jet-augmented aircraft

— jet-boosted aircraft

— jet-ejector aircraft

— jet-engined aircraft

— jet-flap aircraft

— jet-flap research aircraft

— jet-lift aircraft

— jet-propelled aircraft

— jet-propulsion aircraft

— jumbo aircraft

— key aircraft

— laminar-flow aircraft

— laminarized aircraft

— land-based aircraft

— large dimension aircraft

— large-capacity aircraft

— large-payload aircraft

— late-production aircraft

— launched aircraft

— launching aircraft

— leader aircraft

— leading aircraft

— leadnose aircraft

— level the aircraft

— level-supersonic aircraft

— LFC aircraft

— liaison aircraft

— license-built aircraft

— license-manufactured aircraft

— lift-fan aircraft

— lifting aircraft

— light transport aircraft

— lighter-than-air aircraft

— litter aircraft

— load the aircraft

— loaded aircraft

— loitering aircraft

— long-distance aircraft

— long-endurance aircraft

— long-range aircraft

— low-altitude aircraft

— low-aspect-ratiowing aircraft

— low-flying aircraft

— low-level aircraft

— low-observable aircraft

— low-set-tail aircraft

— low-speed aircraft

— low-wing aircraft

— low-wing-loading aircraft

— man the aircraft

— man-carrying aircraft

— maneuverable aircraft

— maneuvering aircraft

— maneuvering-type aircraft

— manned aircraft

— man-powered aircraft

— manually controlled aircraft

— marginally powered aircraft

— marine aircraft

— maritime aircraft

— mass-produced aircraft

— medical air-evacuation aircraft

— medium cargo aircraft

— medium transport aircraft

— medium-weight aircraft

— medium-capacity aircraft

— medium-haul aircraft

— medium-payload aircraft

— medium-range aircraft

— metal aircraft

— meteorological reconnaissance aircraft

— middle-wing aircraft

— mid-set aircraft

— mid-wing aircraft

— mine-laying aircraft

— missile-carrier aircraft

— missile-carrying aircraft

— missile-launching aircraft

— mission aircraft

— MIT aircraft

— mixed jet-rocket aircraft

— mixed-powerplant aircraft

— model aircraft

— modified aircraft

— modular aircraft

— mother aircraft

— motorless aircraft

— multiengined aircraft

— multijet aircraft

— multimission aircraft

— multiplace aircraft

— multipurpose aircraft

— multiseated aircraft

— multisensor aircraft

— M-wing aircraft

— narrow-bodied aircraft

— navalized aircraft

— near term aircraft

— nonaerobatic aircraft

— noncombat aircraft

— nonexpendable aircraft

— nonmaneuverable aircraft

— nonoperational aircraft

— nonpressurized cabin aircraft

— nonspinnable aircraft

— nonspinning aircraft

— normal design aircraft

— nose-heavy aircraft

— nose-tow-equipped aircraft

— nose-wheel aircraft

— nuclear aircraft

— nuclear-carrier aircraft

— nuclear-powered aircraft

— nuclear-propelled aircraft

— number two aircraft

— oblique takeoff aircraft

— oblique wing aircraft

— observation aircraft

— obsolete aircraft

— ogee-planform aircraft

— ogee-wing aircraft

— oncoming aircraft

— open-cockpit aircraft

— operating aircraft

— operational aircraft

— operational trainer aircraft

— operational training aircraft

— operationally-configured aircraft

— operationally-ready aircraft

— opponent aircraft

— opposing aircraft

— optimum aircraft

— orbiting aircraft

— originating aircraft

— out-of-control aircraft

— overloaded aircraft

— overtaken aircraft

— overwater aircraft

— overweight aircraft

— pacer aircraft

— paint the aircraft

— pantobase aircraft

— pantosurface aircraft

— paper aircraft

— parabolic flight aircraft

— parasol aircraft

— parent aircraft

— parked aircraft

— passenger/cargo aircraft

— passenger-carrying cargo aircraft

— pathfinder aircraft

— patrol aircraft

— performance aircraft

— personal aircraft

— photographic reconnaissance aircraft

— photographic-mapping aircraft

— photographic-survey aircraft

— picket aircraft

— pickup aircraft

— pilot-controlled aircraft

— pilot's aircraft

— pilot-training aircraft

— piston-driven aircraft

— piston-engined aircraft

— plastic aircraft

— podded aircraft

— pods-off aircraft

— power boost-controlled aircraft

— power the aircraft

— power-controlled aircraft

— powered aircraft

— powerful aircraft

— preflight the aircraft

— pre-production aircraft

— Present-generation aircraft

— Pressurized-cabin aircraft

— primary developmental aircraft

— primary training aircraft

— private aircraft

— probe aircraft

— production model aircraft

— prone-pilot aircraft

— proof-of-concept aircraft

— propeller-driven aircraft

— propeller-propelled aircraft

— propjet aircraft

— prop-lift aircraft

— proprotor aircraft

— propulsive wing aircraft

— protected aircraft

— prototype aircraft

— provisionally certificated aircraft

— pulsejet aircraft

— pusher-equipped aircraft

— pusher-type aircraft

— push-pull aircraft

— Q/STOL aircraft

— questionable aircraft

— quick aircraft

— quiet aircraft

— quieted aircraft

— quiet-engined aircraft

— R&D aircraft

— racing aircraft

— radar-calibration aircraft

— radar-nosed aircraft

— radar-picket aircraft

— radar-simulated aircraft

— radar-training aircraft

— radio-controlled aircraft

— ramjet-powered aircraft

— ramp-launched aircraft

— reaction-control aircraft

— readable aircraft

— rear-engined aircraft

— rear-loading aircraft

— receiver aircraft

— receiving aircraft

— reciprocating-engine aircraft

— reconnaissance aircraft

— record-holding aircraft

— recovery aircraft

— red-cross aircraft

— refueled aircraft

— refueling aircraft

— relay aircraft

— relief aircraft

— remotely controlled aircraft

— rendezvousing aircraft

— rent aircraft

— replacement aircraft

— rescue aircraft

— research aircraft

— research and development aircraft

— responsive aircraft

— retractable-gear aircraft

— reverse-thrust aircraft

— revetted aircraft

— ride the aircraft

— robot aircraft

— rocket-armed aircraft

— rocket-boosted aircraft

— rocket-carrying aircraft

— rotary wing aircraft

— rotating wing aircraft

— rotor aircraft

— rotor/propeller aircraft

— rugged aircraft

— runaway aircraft

— scissor-winged aircraft

— scramble aircraft

— seaborne aircraft

— search radar aircraft

— second-generation aircraft

— second-line aircraft

— second-mission aircraft

— semiaerobatic aircraft

— semiexpendable aircraft

— series production aircraft

— service aircraft

— service-test aircraft

— shadow aircraft

— shaker-equipped aircraft

— sheltered aircraft

— ship-based aircraft

— shipboard aircraft

— shipborne aircraft

— shore-based aircraft

— short takeoff aircraft

— shorter-winged aircraft

— short-field aircraft

— short-haul aircraft

— short-landing aircraft

— short-legged aircraft

— short-range aircraft

— short-span aircraft

— shoulder-wing aircraft

— sick aircraft

— side firing aircraft

— side-loading aircraft

— similar model aircraft

— simulated aircraft

— single-design-point aircraft

— single-float aircraft

— single-jet aircraft

— single-place aircraft

— single-seat aircraft

— six-engined aircraft

— skip-bombing aircraft

— slender aircraft

— slender-delta aircraft

— slender-wing aircraft

— slim-delta aircraft

— slow the aircraft

— slow-landing aircraft

— smooth-flying aircraft

— solo-piloted aircraft

— spare aircraft

— special aircraft

— specially instrumented aircraft

— special-mission aircraft

— special-purpose aircraft

— spin demonstration aircraft

— spin model aircraft

— spinnable aircraft

— spinning aircraft

— spirally stable aircraft

— spirally unstable aircraft

— spotter aircraft

— stabilized aircraft

— stable aircraft

— stacked aircraft

— staged aircraft

— stalled aircraft

— stall-free aircraft

— stall-proof aircraft

— stall-safe aircraft

— static-test aircraft

— steep gradient aircraft

— stick-pusher aircraft

— still-to-be-delivered aircraft

— STOL aircraft

— stopped-folded rotor aircraft

— stopped-stowed rotor aircraft

— stored aircraft

— stowed rotor aircraft

— strafer aircraft

— strafing aircraft

— straight-jet aircraft

— straight-wing aircraft

— streamlined aircraft

— stretched aircraft

— strike aircraft

— stripped aircraft

— strongly controlled aircraft

— study aircraft

— subsonic aircraft

— supersonic aircraft

— supersonic cruising aircraft

— supply aircraft

— supply dropper aircraft

— support type aircraft

— surface effect aircraft

— swept-back aircraft

— swept-wing aircraft

— swing-tail aircraft

— swing-wing aircraft

— swiveling-nozzle aircraft

— symmetrical aircraft

— symmetrically loaded aircraft

— systems test aircraft

— tailed aircraft

— tail-engined aircraft

— tail-first aircraft

— tailless aircraft

— tail-sitting aircraft

— tail-wheeled aircraft

— tandem aircraft

— tandem-wing aircraft

— tanker aircraft

— target aircraft

— target drone aircraft

— target-towing aircraft

— telecontrolled aircraft

— television-controlled aircraft

— terminating aircraft

— terrain-following aircraft

— test aircraft

— test-bed aircraft

— test-support aircraft

— the aircraft off

— theoretical aircraft

— thick-winged aircraft

— third-generation aircraft

— third-level aircraft

— threat aircraft

— three-point refueling aircraft

— thrust-vectored aircraft

— tied-down aircraft

— tight-turning aircraft

— tilt-fold-proprotor aircraft

— tilting-wing aircraft

— tilting-duct propeller aircraft

— tilt-propeller aircraft

— tilt-wing propeller aircraft

— torpedo-carrier aircraft

— towing aircraft

— tow-target aircraft

— tractor-type aircraft

— trailing aircraft

— trainer aircraft

— training aircraft

— transatlantic aircraft

— transcontinental aircraft

— transitional aircraft

— transoceanic aircraft

— transonic aircraft

— transonically-accelerating aircraft

— transponder-equipped aircraft

— transport aircraft

— trials aircraft

— tricyclic-geared aircraft

— triphibian aircraft

— triphibious aircraft

— triple-finned aircraft

— triplex-systemed aircraft

— tri-service aircraft

— tri-tail aircraft

— troop-carrier aircraft

— trunk-route aircraft

— T-tailed aircraft

— tug aircraft

— turbine-engined aircraft

— turbine-powered aircraft

— turboprop aircraft

— turboramjet aircraft

— turbulent aircraft

— twin-boom aircraft

— twin-duct aircraft

— twin-jet aircraft

— twin-turbofan aircraft

— twin-turboprop aircraft

— two-altimeter aircraft

— two-control aircraft

— two-design-point aircraft

— ultimate production aircraft

— ultra-high-performance aircraft

— unarmed aircraft

— unaugmented aircraft

— unbailable aircraft

— uncontrollable aircraft

— uncontrolled aircraft

— underrun the aircraft

— unflapped aircraft

— unflown aircraft

— unidentified aircraft

— unknown aircraft

— unmanned aircraft

— unmodified aircraft

— unprotected aircraft

— unstable aircraft

— unswept aircraft

— upright aircraft

— utility aircraft

— V/STOL aircraft

— variable-control aircraft

— variable-geometry aircraft

— variable-incidence aircraft

— variable-mass aircraft

— variable-stability aircraft

— variable-sweep wing aircraft

— vector the aircraft

— vectored aircraft

— vectored lift aircraft

— vectored thrust aircraft

— vectoring aircraft

— versatile aircraft

— vertical attitude aircraft

— vertical takeoff aircraft

— vertical-flight aircraft

— vertical-lift aircraft

— vertically-rising aircraft

— VG aircraft

— voice aircraft

— vortex generating aircraft

— VTOL aircraft

— weather-modified aircraft

— wheeled aircraft

— wide-body aircraft

— wingborne aircraft

— winged aircraft

— wingless aircraft

— wingman's aircraft

— winterized aircraft

— wool-tufted aircraft

— wrecked aircraft

— yaw the aircraft

— yawed aircraft

— zero-length-launch aircraft

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > aircraft
4 bomber

бомбардировщик

fly escort for bombers — сопровождать бомбардировщики

knock down a bomber — сбивать бомбардировщик

— air bomber

— antipodal bomber

— attack bomber

— biscuit bomber

— boostglide bomber

— carrier bomber

— chase offbombers

— combat bombers

— day bomber

— deep strike bomber

— deep striking bomber

— dive bomber

— drone bomber

— earth-hugging bomber

— experimental bomber

— extraterrestrial bomber

— fighter bomber

— fire bomber

— frontline bomber

— global bomber

— guided bomber

— heavily-armored bomber

— heavy bomber

— high-altitude bomber

— high-Mach bomber

— high-speed bomber

— high-wing bomber

— hypersonic bomber

— intercontinental bomber

— interdiction bomber

— jet bomber

— large bomber

— light bomber

— lightly-armed bomber

— loft bomber

— long-range bomber

— low-altitude bomber

— low-altitude-approach bomber

— low-level bomber

— master bomber

— medium bomber

— missile-armed bomber

— missile-carrying bomber

— naval bomber

— night bomber

— non-jet bomber

— nuclear bomber

— nuclear-powered bomber

— orbital bomber

— patrol bomber

— penetration bomber

— piloted bomber

— pilotless bomber

— reconnaissance bomber

— rocket bomber

— rocket-boosted bomber

— rocket-carrying bomber

— satellite bomber

— scout bomber

— semiorbital bomber

— ship-based bomber

— ship-borne bomber

— short-range bomber

— six-engined bomber

— skip-glide bomber

— slow-flying bomber

— standoff bomber

— strategic bomber

— strike bomber

— suborbital bomber

— subsonic bomber

— supersonic bomber

— tactical bomber

— torpedo bomber

— toss bomber

— transonic bomber

— turboprop-driven bomber

— twin-jet bomber

— two-engined bomber

— under-the-radar bomber

— variable-geometry bomber

— water bomber

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > bomber
5 motor

adj.

motive, driving, motor.

m.

1 motor, engine.

2 motor, driving force.

* * *

motor

► adjetivo

1 motive

■ fuerza motora motive power

2 BIOLOGÍA motor

■ función motora motor function

► nombre masculino motor

1 TÉCNICA engine

2 figurado driving force

■ él es el motor de la empresa he is the driving force behind the company

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

motor de arranque starter motor

motor de explosión internal-combustion engine

motor de inyección fuel-injection engine

motor de reacción jet engine

motor fuera bordo outboard motor

————————

motor

► nombre masculino

1 TÉCNICA engine

2 figurado driving force

■ él es el motor de la empresa he is the driving force behind the company

* * *

noun m.

1) motor, engine

2) cause

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (Téc) motive, motor (EEUU)

potencia motora — motive power

2) (Anat) motor

2.

SM motor, engine

motor eléctrico — electric motor o engine

un motor de seis cilindros — a six-cylinder engine

con seis motores — six-engined

con motor — power-driven

aviación con motor — powered flight

motor a chorro, motor a reacción — jet engine

motor de arranque — starter, starter motor

motor de aviación — aircraft engine

motor de búsqueda — (Internet) search engine

motor de combustión interna, motor de explosión — internal combustion engine

motor de inyección — fuel-injected engine

motor delantero — front-mounted engine

motor de puesta en marcha — starter, starter motor

motor diesel — diesel engine

motor fuera (de) borda — outboard motor

motor refrigerado por aire — air-cooled engine

motor trasero — rear-mounted engine

* * *
I
- triz, motor - tora adjetivo motor (before n)
II
masculino

1) (Tec) engine

funciona con or a motor — it is motor-driven

- motor a inyección/a reacción

- motor de arranque

- motor de combustión interna or de explosión

- motor diesel/hidráulico

- motor fuera borda

2) ( impulsor) driving force

* * *

= prime mover, engine, driving force, driver.

Ex. The implementation of successive programmes for supplying educational institutions with microcomputer equipment seems to be the principal prime mover of computerisation processes.

Ex. These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.

Ex. On-line services have been one of the most powerful driving forces moving information away from its traditional definition and towards the commodity view.

Ex. The realization that knowledge and information provide the fundamental drivers of economic growth is beginning to permeate economic and management thinking.

----

* barco a motor = motorboat.

* calentar motores = prime + the pump.

* carrera de coches improvisados sin motor = soapbox derby race, soapbox derby.

* el motor de = the power behind.

* industria del motor, la = motor industry, the, motor trade, the.

* lancha a motor = motorboat.

* lancha de motor = power boat.

* lancha motora = speedboat, motorboat.

* motor a chorro = jet engine.

* motor a reacción = jet engine.

* motor + calar = engine + stall.

* motor de búsqueda = portal, search engine, crawler.

* motor de combustión = combustion engine.

* motor de combustión interna = internal combustion engine.

* motor de explosión = combustion engine.

* motor de explosión interna = internal combustion engine.

* motor de gasolina = gasoline engine.

* motor del cambio = driver of change.

* motor de propulsión a chorro = jet engine.

* motor diesel = diesel engine.

* motor eléctrico = electric motor.

* tráfico a motor = motor traffic.

* vehículo de tierra a motor = motor land vehicle.

* * *
I
- triz, motor - tora adjetivo motor (before n)
II
masculino

1) (Tec) engine

funciona con or a motor — it is motor-driven

- motor a inyección/a reacción

- motor de arranque

- motor de combustión interna or de explosión

- motor diesel/hidráulico

- motor fuera borda

2) ( impulsor) driving force

* * *

= prime mover, engine, driving force, driver.

Ex: The implementation of successive programmes for supplying educational institutions with microcomputer equipment seems to be the principal prime mover of computerisation processes.

Ex: These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.

Ex: On-line services have been one of the most powerful driving forces moving information away from its traditional definition and towards the commodity view.

Ex: The realization that knowledge and information provide the fundamental drivers of economic growth is beginning to permeate economic and management thinking.

* barco a motor = motorboat.

* calentar motores = prime + the pump.

* carrera de coches improvisados sin motor = soapbox derby race, soapbox derby.

* el motor de = the power behind.

* industria del motor, la = motor industry, the, motor trade, the.

* lancha a motor = motorboat.

* lancha de motor = power boat.

* lancha motora = speedboat, motorboat.

* motor a chorro = jet engine.

* motor a reacción = jet engine.

* motor + calar = engine + stall.

* motor de búsqueda = portal, search engine, crawler.

* motor de combustión = combustion engine.

* motor de combustión interna = internal combustion engine.

* motor de explosión = combustion engine.

* motor de explosión interna = internal combustion engine.

* motor de gasolina = gasoline engine.

* motor del cambio = driver of change.

* motor de propulsión a chorro = jet engine.

* motor diesel = diesel engine.

* motor eléctrico = electric motor.

* tráfico a motor = motor traffic.

* vehículo de tierra a motor = motor land vehicle.

* * *

motor¹ - triz, motor - tora

adjective

motor ( before n)

el desarrollo motor de un niño the development of a child's motor functions

motor²

masculine

A ( Tec) engine

calentar el motor ( Auto) to warm (up) the engine

Compuestos:

● motor a inyección

fuel-injected engine

● motor a reacción

jet engine

● motor de arranque

starter motor

● motor de combustión interna

internal combustion engine

● motor de émbolo or de pistón

piston engine

● motor de explosión

internal combustion engine

● motor de propulsión a chorro

jet engine

● motor diesel

diesel engine

● motor eléctrico

electric motor

● motor en estrella

radial engine

● motor fuera (de) borda

outboard motor

● motor hidráulico

hydraulic engine

B (impulsor) driving force

el motor de la economía alemana the driving force o the engine of the German economy

* * *

motor 1
◊ - triz, motor -tora adjetivo

motor ( before n)
motor 2 sustantivo masculino
1 (Tec) engine;
◊ motor fuera (de) borda outboard motor

2 ( impulsor) driving force
motor, motriz adjetivo motor
fuerza motriz, driving/ motive/propelling force
motor sustantivo masculino
1 (de combustible) engine
(eléctrico) motor
motor de arranque, starter (motor)
motor de explosión, internal-combustion engine
motor de reacción, jet engine ➣ Ver nota en engine 2 fig (propulsor, fuerza motriz) el motor de la Historia, the driving force of History
' motor' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ahogarse
- amaraje
- borda
- DGT
- echar
- enloquecer
- escudería
- fallo
- fiable
- forzar
- fueraborda
- motricidad
- motriz
- reacción
- reactor
- salirse
- salón
- tiempo
- vuelo
- acelerar
- adaptar
- afinar
- aflojar
- agarrotar
- ahogar
- alimentación
- alimentar
- apagado
- apagar
- arrancar
- atascar
- automotor
- automovilismo
- automovilístico
- calar
- calentar
- caminar
- carburar
- cargar
- chingar
- chorro
- cilindro
- culata
- desarmar
- detonación
- económico
- eléctrico
- encender
- enfriar
- escobilla
English:
burn out
- check
- combustion engine
- conk out
- crank
- cut out
- die
- diesel engine
- engine
- engine driver
- fume
- gliding
- hang-gliding
- horsepower
- inboard
- internal-combustion engine
- misfire
- motor
- motor racing
- motor-car
- outboard
- powered
- race
- response
- rev
- seize up
- speed up
- starter
- take apart
- whine
- coast
- combustion
- formula
- jet
- launch
- out
- pack
- power
- run
- scooter
- steam

* * *

motor¹, - ora o - triz adj

1. Anat motor;

habilidades motoras motor skills

2. [que produce desarrollo]
el sector motor de la economía the sector which is the driving force of the economy

motor² nm

1. [máquina] engine, motor

Comp
motor alternativo reciprocating engine;
motor de arranque starter, starter motor;

motor de cohete rocket engine;

motor de combustión combustion engine;

motor de combustión interna internal combustion engine;

motor de cuatro tiempos four-stroke engine;

motor diesel diesel engine;

motor de dos tiempos two-stroke engine;

motor eléctrico electric motor;

motor de explosión internal combustion engine;

motor (de) fueraborda outboard motor o engine;

motor de inducción induction motor;

motor de inyección fuel-injection engine;

motor iónico ion engine;

motor de reacción jet engine;

motor rotativo rotary engine;

motor de turbina turbine engine

2. [fuerza] driving force;

el motor de la economía the driving force in the economy;

el motor del equipo [en deporte] the team dynamo

3. [causa] instigator, cause

4. Informát motor de búsqueda search engine

* * *

motor

I adj ANAT motor

II m engine; eléctrico motor

* * *

motor, -ra adj

motriz: motor

motor nm

1) : motor, engine

2) : driving force, cause

* * *

motor n

1. (de vehículo) engine

2. (eléctrico) motor

Spanish-English dictionary > motor
6 esamotore

esamotore agg. e s.m. six-engined (aeroplane).

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > esamotore
7 Messerschmitt, Willi E.

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

b. 26 June 1898 Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany

d. 17 September 1978 Munich, Germany

[br]

German aircraft designer noted for successful fighters such as the Bf 109, one of the world's most widely produced aircraft.

[br]

Messerschmitt studied engineering at the Munich Institute of Tchnology and obtained his degree in 1923. By 1926 he was Chief Designer at the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in Augsburg. Due to the ban on military aircraft in Germany following the First World War, his early designs included gliders, light aircraft, and a series of high-wing airliners. He began to make a major impact on German aircraft design once Hitler came to power and threw off the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles, which so restricted Germany's armed forces. In 1932 he bought out the now-bankrupt Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, but initially, because of enmity between himself and the German aviation minister, was not invited to compete for an air force contract for a single-engined fighter. However, in 1934 Messerschmitt designed the Bf 108 Taifun, a small civil aircraft with a fighter-like appearance. This displayed the quality of his design and the German air ministry was forced to recognize him. As a result, he unveiled the famous Bf 109 fighter which first flew in August 1935; it was used during the Spanish Civil War in 1936–9, and was to become one of the foremost combat aircraft of the Second World War. In 1938, after several name changes, the company became Messerschmitt Aktien-Gesellschaft (and hence a change of prefix from Bf to Me). During April 1939 a Messerschmitt aircraft broke the world air-speed record at 755.14 km/h (469.32 mph): it was entered in the FAI records as a Bf 109R, but was more accurately a new design designated Me 209V-1.

During the Second World War, the 5/70P was progressively improved, and eventually almost 35,000 were built. Other successful fighters followed, such as the twin-engined Me 110 which also served as a bomber and night fighter. The Messerschmitt Me 262 twin-engined jet fighter, the first jet aircraft in the world to enter service, flew during the early years of the war, but it was never given a high priority by the High Command and only a small number were in service when the war ended. Another revolutionary Messerschmitt AG design was the Me 163 Komet, the concept of Professor Alexander Lippisch who had joined Messerschmitt's company in 1939; this was the first rocket-propelled fighter to enter service. It was a small tailless design capable of 880 km/hr (550 mph), but its duration under power was only about 10 minutes and it was very dangerous to fly. From late 1944 onwards it was used to intercept the United States Air Force bombers during their daylight raids. At the other end of the scale, Messerschmitt produced the Me 321 Gigant, a huge transport glider which was towed behind a flight of three Me 110s. Later it was equipped with six engines, but it was an easy target for allied fighters. This was a costly white elephant, as was his high-speed twin-engined Me 210 fighter-bomber project which nearly made his company bankrupt. Nevertheless, he was certainly an innovator and was much admired by Hitler, who declared that he had "the skull of a genius", because of the Me 163 Komet rocket-powered fighter and the Me 262.

At the end of the war Messerschmitt was detained by the Americans for two years. In 1952 Messerschmitt became an aviation adviser to the Spanish government, and his Bf109 was produced in Spain as the Hispano Buchon for a number of years and was powered by Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. A factory was also constructed in Egypt to produce aircraft to Messerschmitt's designs. His German company, banned from building aircraft, produced prefabricated houses, sewing machines and, from 1953 to 1962, a series of bubble-cars: the KR 175 (1953–55) and the KR 200 (1955–62) were single-cylinder three-wheeled bubble-cars, and the Tiger (1958–62) was a twin-cylinder, 500cc four-wheeler. In 1958 Messerschmitt resumed aircraft construction in Germany and later became the Honorary Chairman of the merged Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm company (now part of the Franco-German Eurocopter company).

[br]

Further Reading

van Ishoven, 1975, Messerschmitt. Aircraft Designer, London. J.Richard Smith, 1971, Messerschmitt. An Air-craft Album, London.

Anthony Pritchard, 1975, Messerschmitt, London (describes Messerschmitt aircraft).

JDS / CM

Biographical history of technology > Messerschmitt, Willi E.
8 автомобиль

м.

(auto)car; automobile; (motor) vehicle

легковой автомобиль с грузопассажирским кузовом — estate car, station car; station wagon

легковой автомобиль с кузовом-универсалом — estate car, station car; station wagon

легковой автомобиль с расположением двигателя в пределах колёсной базы — mid-engined car

легковой автомобиль с центральным расположением двигателя — mid-engined car

автомобиль, выпускаемый под эмблемой другой фирмы — badge-engineered vehicle

автомобиль, выпущенный ограниченной партией — limited-edition car

грузовой автомобиль, для производства которого получена субсидия — subsidy truck

грузовой автомобиль, самый дорогой у изготовителя — premium truck

автомобиль для повседневного использования — амер. commuter car

коммерческий автомобиль для перевозки пассажиров — passenger commercial motor vehicle

легковой автомобиль, для управления которым не требуется водительского удостоверения — license-exempt car

малогабаритный двухместный легковой автомобиль — амер. pony car

самый дорогой у изготовителя легковой автомобиль — premium car

легковой автомобиль с удлинённой колёсной базой — stretched car

автомобиль, потребляющий много топлива — gas-guzzler

автомобиль с питанием от солнечных батарей — solar car

автомобиль с подъёмной платформой для работ на небольшой высоте — overhead servicing vehicle

автомобиль старой модели с форсированным двигателем — hot rod

автомобиль без кузова для гонок по пересечённой местности — buggy

автомобиль, выпущенный до ввода стандартов по применению нейтрализаторов отработавших газов — preconverter vehicle

грузовой автомобиль большой грузоподъёмности — heavy(-duty) truck

грузовой автомобиль для доставки грузов с частыми остановками — multistop delivery truck

грузовой автомобиль для перевозки мусора — garbage truck, refuse(-collecting) truck

грузовой автомобиль для перевозки мусора с уплотнителем груза — refuse packer, trash packer

грузовой автомобиль для сельскохозяйственных грузов — farm truck

грузовой автомобиль для эксплуатации на автомобильных дорогах — on-highway truck

грузовой автомобиль малой грузоподъёмности — light truck

грузовой автомобиль повышенной проходимости — cross-country truck, off-highway truck, off-road truck

грузовой автомобиль - ремонтная мастерская — repair truck, workshop truck, motor workshop

грузовой автомобиль с безбортовой платформой — flat-bed truck, platform truck

грузовой автомобиль с бензиновым двигателем — gasoline truck

грузовой автомобиль с дизельным двигателем — diesel truck

грузовой автомобиль с кабиной за двигателем — conventional (truck)

грузовой автомобиль с кабиной над двигателем — cabover (truck); forward control truck

грузовой автомобиль с платформой с откидными бортами — drop-side truck

грузовой автомобиль с прицепом-роспуском — timber truck

грузовой автомобиль средней грузоподъёмности — medium(-duty) truck

автомобиль для движения вне общей сети дорог — off-roader

автомобиль, изготовленный по специальному заказу — custom-built car

легковой автомобиль, изготавливаемый с использованием восстанавливаемых материалов — recycling car

легковой автомобиль массового производства — mass-produced car, volume car

легковой автомобиль ограниченного объёма производства — limited-production car

легковой автомобиль повышенной проходимости — jeep

легковой автомобиль с гибридным приводом — hybrid car

легковой автомобиль с дизельным двигателем — diesel car

легковой автомобиль с крышей кузова, плавно спускающейся к бамперу — fastback

легковой автомобиль с левосторонним управлением — left-hand drive car

легковой автомобиль с наклонной задней дверью — hatchback

легковой автомобиль с правосторонним управлением — right-hand drive car

автомобиль, не выделяющий отработавших газов — zero-emission vehicle

автомобиль, не оборудованный устройством или устройствами для снижения токсичности отработавших газов — uncontrolled vehicle

автомобиль, оборудованный каталитическим нейтрализатором — catalyst-equipped vehicle

автомобиль, оборудованный устройством или устройствами для снижения токсичности отработавших газов — controlled vehicle

автомобиль, предназначенный для сдачи в лом — junker-auto

автомобиль, предназначенный для эксплуатации в различных странах мира — world car

автомобиль, работающий на двух видах топлива — dual-fuel vehicle

автомобиль с двигателем в пределах колёсной базы — mid-engined car

автомобиль с жилым кузовом для загородного отдыха — recreation vehicle

автомобиль со спальным местом в кабине водителя — sleeper

автомобиль с приводом на передние колёса — front(-wheel) drive vehicle

трёхосный автомобиль с двумя ведущими мостами — dual drive six-wheeler

туристский жилой автомобиль на базе грузового шасси — truck camper

автомобиль-универсал полноприводный на шасси лёгкого грузового автомобиля — sport-utility vehicle

- мировой автомобиль
- автомобиль - ведущий колонны
- автомобиль - почтовый фургон
- автомобиль аэродромного обслуживания
- автомобиль бескапотной компоновки
- автомобиль будущего
- автомобиль высшего класса
- автомобиль для дальних поездок
- автомобиль для коммерческих перевозок
- автомобиль для поливки улиц
- автомобиль для продажи
- автомобиль для рекламы
- автомобиль для сбора мусора
- автомобиль медицинской помощи
- автомобиль с безбортовой платформой
- автомобиль с газовым двигателем
- автомобиль с гибридным приводом
- автомобиль с двумя ведущими мостами
- автомобиль с дизельным двигателем
- автомобиль с жилым кузовом
- автомобиль с закрытым кузовом
- автомобиль с кабиной над двигателем
- автомобиль с колёсной формулой 4х2
- автомобиль с колёсной формулой 4х4
- автомобиль с одним ведущим мостом
- автомобиль с открытым кузовом
- автомобиль с поворотной лестницей
- автомобиль с приводом на задние колёса
- автомобиль с цепной передачей
- автомобиль скорой помощи
- автомобиль со всеми ведущими колёсами
- автомобиль сопровождения
- автомобиль спортивного типа
- автомобиль среднего класса
- автомобиль старой марки
- автомобиль технической помощи
- автомобиль универсального назначения
- автомобиль устаревшей модели
- автомобиль эскорта
- автомобиль, сдаваемый напрокат
- боевой военный автомобиль
- бронированный автомобиль
- буксируемый автомобиль
- военный автомобиль
- военный грузовой автомобиль
- встречный автомобиль
- выставочный автомобиль
- газовый автомобиль
- гоночно-спортивный автомобиль
- гоночный автомобиль
- городской легковой автомобиль
- гражданский автомобиль
- гражданский грузовой автомобиль
- грузовой автомобиль
- грузовой автомобиль без кузова
- грузовой автомобиль на легковом шасси
- грузовой автомобиль общего назначения
- грузовой автомобиль обычной компоновки
- грузовой автомобиль с лестницей
- грузовой автомобиль с откидной кабиной
- грузовой автомобиль технической помощи
- движущийся автомобиль
- двухместный автомобиль
- дешёвый автомобиль
- дизельный автомобиль
- дизельный грузовой автомобиль
- догоняющий автомобиль
- дорожный автомобиль
- заднеприводный автомобиль
- заднеприводный легковой автомобиль
- импортный автомобиль
- испытываемый автомобиль
- капотный грузовой автомобиль
- коммерческий автомобиль
- коммунальный автомобиль
- крупногабаритный автомобиль
- лёгкий грузовой автомобиль
- легковой автомобиль
- легковой автомобиль высокого класса
- легковой автомобиль с закрытым кузовом
- личный легковой автомобиль
- магистральный грузовой автомобиль
- малогабаритный автомобиль
- маневренный автомобиль
- мелкосерийный автомобиль
- микролитражный автомобиль
- многоосный грузовой автомобиль
- многоцелевой автомобиль
- неисправный автомобиль
- неподвижный автомобиль
- неполноприводный двухосный автомобиль
- неполноприводный трёхосный автомобиль
- обгоняющий автомобиль
- одиночный грузовой автомобиль
- открытый автомобиль
- пассажирский автомобиль
- патрульный автомобиль
- переднеприводный автомобиль
- переднеприводный легковой автомобиль
- поворачивающий автомобиль
- повреждённый автомобиль
- погребальный автомобиль
- подержанный автомобиль
- пожарный автомобиль
- пожарный грузовой автомобиль
- полицейский автомобиль
- полугусеничный автомобиль
- похоронный автомобиль
- почтовый автомобиль
- прогулочный небольшой автомобиль
- продающийся автомобиль
- развозной грузовой автомобиль
- редкий автомобиль
- санитарный автомобиль
- семейный легковой автомобиль
- серийный автомобиль
- служебный автомобиль
- сочленённый автомобиль
- специальный автомобиль
- спортивный автомобиль
- трёхколёсный автомобиль
- трёхместный автомобиль
- трёхосный автомобиль
- туристский автомобиль
- тяжёлый грузовой автомобиль
- частный автомобиль
- штабной автомобиль
- экономичный автомобиль
- экспериментальный автомобиль

Русско-английский автомобильный словарь > автомобиль
9 four

four [fɔ:^r]

number

quatre m inv

• there are four il y en a quatre

• to the four corners of the earth aux quatre coins du monde

• on all fours à quatre pattes

► four-door adjective [car] (à) quatre portes

► four-engined plane quadrimoteur m

► four-eyes (inf!) noun binoclard (e) (inf) m(f)

► four-leaf clover noun trèfle m à quatre feuilles

► four-legged adjective à quatre pattes

► four-legged friend noun (humorous) compagnon m à quatre pattes

► four-letter word noun gros mot m

► four-poster noun lit m à baldaquin

► four-star petrol noun (British) super(carburant) m

► four-wheel drive noun ( = car) quatre-quatre m

• with four-wheel drive à quatre roues motrices ; → six

* * *
[fɔː(r)]
noun, adjective quatre (m) inv

••

on all fours — à quatre pattes

to the four winds — aux quatre vents

English-French dictionary > four
10 vehicle

сухопутное перевозочное средство (автомобиль, автобус, вагон, экипаж); средство передвижения; транспортное средство; средство доставки

- vehicle-actuated gauge
- vehicle anchor - vehicle capacity
- vehicle car

- vehicle clearance circle
- vehicle company
- vehicle drag test

- vehicle exhaust fan
- vehicle group - vehicle hoist - vehicle landing craft - vehicle laws - vehicle manufacturing industry - vehicle mobility - vehicle operation - vehicle repair depot - vehicle reserve depot - vehicle shed - vehicle shipment - vehicle shipping card - vehicle sinkage - vehicle taxes - vehicle traction coefficient - vehicle upkeep operation - vehicle weapon - air-cushion vehicle - ACV
- air-transportable vehicle

- all-equipped vehicle

- all-purpose vehicle

- all-service vehicle

- all-service military vehicle

- all-wheel drive vehicle

- ammunition vehicle
- amphibious vehicle - annular jet air-cushion vehicle - annular jet ACV
- armoured vehicle

- army tactical vehicle

- articulated vehicle

- battery-driven vehicle

- blitz vehicle

- break-down vehicle

- cab-forward type vehicle

- cab-over-engine vehicle

- captured vehicle

- cargo vehicle

- carrier vehicle

- civil vehicle

- combat vehicle

- command vehicle

- commercial vehicle

- commercial motor vehicle

- compressed gas vehicle

- convertible vehicle

- crawler-type vehicle

- cross-country vehicle

- cruising vehicle

- Diesel-powered vehicle
- emergency service vehicle
- endless-track vehicle

- excursion vehicle
- exempt vehicle - fire-fighting vehicle
- forward control vehicle

- frameless vehicle

- freight vehicle

- full-track vehicle

- gas-electric vehicle

- gas-producer vehicle

- general-purpose vehicle

- go-anywhere vehicle

- goods vehicle

- goods-carrying vehicle

- ground vehicle

- hackney vehicle

- half-track vehicle

- half-tracked vehicle

- heavy vehicle

- heavy traction vehicle

- high-wheeled vehicle

- hired vehicle
- horse vehicle
- industrial vehicle

- juvenile motor vehicle

- landing vehicle

- lead vehicle

- light-duty vehicle

- long-distance vehicle

- mechanical vehicle

- mechanically propelled vehicle

- medical vehicle

- military wheeled vehicle

- motor vehicle

- motor passenger vehicle

- motor transport vehicle

- motor-vehicle proving ground

- motor-vehicle proving grounds

- motor-vehicle testing track

- motor-vehicle testing course

- non-runner vehicle

- off-road vehicle
- on-coming vehicle - outing vehicle
- overhead-type vehicle

- oversize vehicle

- overweight vehicle

- parked vehicles

- passenger vehicle

- passenger service vehicle

- pedestrian-controlled vehicle

- private vehicle

- propane-powered vehicle

- public-service vehicle

- rail vehicle

- rear-loading vehicle

- recovery vehicle

- rescue vehicle

- sanding vehicle

- screening vehicle

- searchlight vehicle

- self-loading vehicle

- side-loading vehicle

- six-wheeled vehicle

- snow-fighting vehicle

- special-purpose vehicle

- sport utility vehicle
- SUV
- stationary vehicle

- sterilizing vehicle

- street vehicle

- street cleaning vehicle

- tactical vehicle

- test vehicle

- tool vehicle

- towed vehicle
- towing vehicle - toy motor vehicle
- tracked vehicle

- tracked cross-country vehicle

- track-laying vehicle

- track-type vehicle

- transport vehicle

- two-axle vehicle

- two-engined vehicle

- unauthorised vehicle
- undertyred vehicle - unmanned vehicle - utility vehicle - war-surplus vehicle - water purification vehicle - wheeled air-cushion vehicle - wheeled ACV - wheeled military vehicle - winterized vehicle - wire-laying vehicle

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > vehicle
11 layout

1. расположение; размещение; компоновка

2. (аэродинамическая) схема; схема расположения

10х8 layout

all-wing layout

area-ruled layout

cabin layout

canard layout

cockpit layout

combi layout

delta layout

delta-wing and aft-tail layout

Efis layout

executive layout

flight deck layout

flightpark layout

free-turbine layout

instrument layout

interior layout

internal layout

panel layout

pusher layout

seat layout

simulation layout

six-abreast layout

structural layout

submerged-engined layout

tailless layout

twin-boom layout

two-class layout

Авиасловарь > layout
12 rate

скорость, быстрота; темп; интенсивность; вертикальная скорость; частота ( событий) ; норма, степень; балл; производительность; ( секундный) расход (жидкости, газа) ; стоимость ( билета) ; классифицировать, (под)разделять на категории; оценивать

. rate of roll-out — угловая скорость крена при выводе (из разворота)

accelerate the rate of roll — увеличивать угловую скорость крена [вращения вокруг продольной оси]

acceleration induced burning rate — повышение скорости горения под действием ускорения

aircraft flying wreck rate — процент потерь ЛА в результате лётных происшествий

aircraft operational readiness rate — процент [количество] боеготовых самолётов в подразделении

arrest an excessive descent rate — уменьшать чрезмерно высокую вертикальную скорость снижения

autopilot-induced rate of roll — угловая скорость крена, создаваемая автопилотом

beam rider turning rate — угловая скорость ракеты при наведении по лучу

blade pitch decrease rate — скорость перевода лопастей (воздушного винта) на малый шаг

blade pitch increase rate — скорость перевода лопастей (воздушного винта) на большой шаг

break a rate of descent — прекращать снижение, резко уменьшать вертикальную скорость снижения

carbon dioxide removal rate — скорость удаления углекислого газа

combined rate of closure — суммарная скорость сближения

control surface (movement) rate — угловая скорость отклонения руля [поверхности управления]

cumulative aircraft accident rate — суммарный коэффициент аварийности (среднее число лётных происшествий за месяц, квартал или год)

diffusion limited recession rate — скорость уноса массы, ограниченная диффузией

dry adiabatic lapse rate — сухоадиабатический градиент

ease rate of turn — уменьшать угловую скорость разворота

four-engined rate of climb — скороподъёмность самолёта с четырьмя работающими двигателями

fuel volumetric flow rate — объёмный расход топлива или горючего

heat-shield surface recession rate — скорость уноса массы с теплозащитной поверхности

initial rate of climb — начальная скороподъёмность (у земли)

interception rate of climb — скороподъёмность при перехвате (воздушной цели)

jet engine base maintenance return rate — процент возврата в строй неисправных реактивных двигателей после ремонта в условиях аэродрома базирования

landing approach sink rate — вертикальная скорость снижения при заходе на посадку

nose-high rate of sink — вертикальная скорость снижения с поднятой носовой частью

pilot's instrument scanning rate — быстрота обзора [считывания показаний] приборов лётчиком

positive rate of climb ( — положительная) скороподъёмность

pressure rate of climb — скороподъёмность по давлению (приведенная к стандартной атмосфере)

radar altimeter sinking rate — измеренная радиолокационным высотомером вертикальная скорость снижения

radiation induced heating rate — интенсивность нагрева излучением

rate of altimeter unwinding — скорость потери высоты по высотомеру; быстрота уменьшения показаний высотомера

rate of approach to the stall — скорость приближения к срыву [сваливанию]

rate of change of wheel speed — угловое ускорение вращающегося колеса

rate of course deviation — скорость отклонения от заданного курса

rate of discharge ( — секундный) расход выходящих газов [вытекающей жидкости]

rate of heat loss — скорость теплоотдачи [отвода тепла]

rate of increase of incidence — Бр. быстрота увеличения угла атаки

rate of part consumption — быстрота износа [расходования] частей [деталей]

saturation adiabatic (lapse) rate — влажноадиабатический градиент

sea level rate of climb — скороподъёмность на уровне моря [у земли]

shutdown rate of the engines — частота отказов [отключений] двигателей

single-engine rate of climb — скороподъёмность с одним работающим двигателем (из двух)

stall recovery pitch rate — угловая скорость тангажа для вывода из режима срыва [сваливания]

stop the sink rate — прекращать снижение, уменьшать вертикальную скорость снижения

supersonic rate of climb — скороподъёмность в полете со сверхзвуковой скоростью

total propellant flow rate — суммарный (весовой) расход ракетного топлива

vehicular angular rotation rate — угловая скорость вращения ЛА

vertical gyro wander rate — величина ухода гировертикали (за единицу времени)

volume rate of combustion — объёмная теплонапряжённость камеры сгорания

weight flow rate of propellant — весовой расход ракетного топлива

— ablation rate

— ablative rate

— abortive-sortie rate

— acceleration rate

— acceleration-insensitive drift rate

— acceleration-sensitive drift rate

— acceptance rate

— accident rate

— adiabatic lapse rate

— aerodynamic heating rate

— aft stick rate

— aileron rate

— air delivery rate

— aircraft attrition rate

— airflow rate

— altitude rate

— angle-of-attack rate

— angular rate

— angular spin rate

— approach rate

— attainable roll rate

— attitude rate

— autorotation descent rate

— average flow rate

— azimuth rate

— azimuth wander rate

— barometric altitude rate

— blunder rate

— bombing rate

— breathing rate

— calculated flow rate

— calculated mass-loss rate

— cargo rate

— chemical corrosion rate

— closing rate

— closure rate

— combustion rate

— combustor fuel-flow rate

— commutation rate

— composite strain rate

— controlled burning rate

— convective heat-transfer rate

— coolant-flow rate

— cooling rate

— corrosion rate

— crack growth rate

— crack propagation rate

— creep rate

— cycling rate

— damping rate

— data rate

— decay rate

— defueling rate

— degradation rate

— delivery rate

— depressurization rate

— diffusion rate

— discharge rate

— dissociation rate

— docking closing rate

— drift rate

— earth rate

— ejection success rate

— elevation rate

— energy release rate

— engine heating rate

— entry rate

— erection rate

— erosion rate

— erosive burning rate

— error rate

— even rate

— excess sink rate

— expansion rate

— expenditure rate

— failure rate

— fine descent rate

— firing rate

— fixed-wing rate

— flame propagation rate

— flight rate

— flow rate

— flying wreck rate

— following rate

— free-radical recombination rate

— freight rate

— fuel burn rate

— fuel consumption rate

— fuel-flow rate

— fueling rate

— fuel-regression rate

— gas production rate

— geocentric range rate

— good rate

— ground wreck rate

— gyro drift rate

— gyro pitch rate

— gyro precession rate

— gyro torquing rate

— heat input rate

— heat rejection rate

— heat-exchange rate

— heating rate

— heat-release rate

— heat-transfer rate

— hourly drift rate

— in-commission rate

— in-flight refueling rate

— in-flight shutdown rate

— information handling rate

— information processing rate

— information rate

— input turning rate

— instantaneous altitude rate

— instantaneous flow rate

— instantaneous turn rate

— instrument scanning rate

— internal heating rate

— interrogation rate

— ion-flow rate

— laminar heat-transfer rate

— landing-success rate

— lapse rate

— lateral rate

— launcher slewing rate

— launcher turning rate

— launching rate

— leakage rate

— levelling rate

— limit roll rate

— linear rate

— line-of-sight rate

— maintenance rate

— malfunction rate

— mass ablation rate

— mass burning rate

— mass flow rate

— mass loss rate

— mass-transfer rate

— mean flow rate

— message data rate

— missile turning rate

— mission abort rate

— moisture absorption rate

— negative pitch rate

— nonuniform roll rate

— normal lapse rate

— nose-down pitchrate

— nose-up pitch rate

— no-wind sink rate

— nutation rate

— oil circulation rate

— one-second rate

— oxidizer-flow rate

— passenger fatality rate

— peak roll rate

— peak turn rate

— pilot trim rate

— pitching rate

— pneumatic flow rate

— positive pitch rate

— precession rate

— pressure lapse rate

— production-line-movement rate

— propellant burning rate

— propellant flow rate

— pulse repetition rate

— pyrolysis decomposition rate

— pyrolysis rate

— random drift rate

— range rate

— rapid roll rate

— rapid sink rate

— rate of advance

— rate of ascent

— rate of build-up

— rate of climb

— rate of closure

— rate of deflection

— rate of descent

— rate of divergence

— rate of formation

— rate of injection

— rate of ionization

— rate of loading

— rate of movement

— rate of overshoot

— rate of pressurization

— rate of pull-up

— rate of rate

— rate of regression

— rate of revolution

— rate of roll-In

— rate of testing

— reaction rate

— ready rate

— recession rate

— recombination rate

— recovery rate

— recurrence rate

— redundancy rate

— refueling rate

— regression rate

— repetition rate

— response rate

— rolling rate

— rotation rate

— runway scatter rate

— sampling rate

— scanning rate

— search rate

— sideslip rate

— sightline spin rate

— sightline turn rate

— sinking rate

— six-second sampling rate

— slaving rate

— slewing rate

— sortie rate

— speed bleed-off rate

— spin rate

— spring rate

— stabilization rate

— stabilizer rate

— stall entry rate

— standard lapse rate

— steady rate

— steady-state flow rate

— steady-state spin rate

— stick rate

— straining rate

— strand burning rate

— subcommutation rate

— sublimation rate

— surface ablation rate

— surface heat rate

— surface rate

— surface recession rate

— sustained turn rate

— switching rate

— systematic drift rate

— temperature lapse rate

— test flight rate

— thermal emissivity rate

— throttle retard rate

— torquing rate

— total impulse rate

— tracking rate

— traffic rate

— transmission rate

— trim rate

— tumbling rate

— turbulent heat-transfer rate

— turn rate

— vehicle rate

— vertical climb rate

— volume-flow rate

— volumetric flow rate

— wander rate

— weight flow rate

— wing tilt rate

— yawing rate

— zero accident rate

— zero sinking rate

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > rate
13 unit

единица; агрегат; узел; блок; ( войсковая) часть, подразделение; удельный

afterburner fuel control unit — регулятор подачи форсажного топлива

air search and attack unit — поисково-ударный отряд противолодочной авиации

air support signal unit — Бр. подразделение связи авиационной поддержки

airborne auxiliary power unit — бортовой вспомогательный энергоагрегат

aircraft torpedo development unit — Бр. подразделение по испытанию и усовершенствованию авиационных торпед

air-sea warfare development unit — подразделение разработки приёмов борьбы авиации с кораблями противника

angular rate control unit — блок двухстепенных [прецессионных] гироскопов

auxiliary takeoff rocket unit — ракетный стартовый ускоритель [ускоритель взлета]

cabin temperature sensing unit — датчик температуры воздуха в кабине

carbon dioxide removal unit — установка для удаления углекислого газа

combat crew training unit — часть [подразделение] подготовки боевых экипажей

continuous flow oxygen unit — кислородный прибор с непрерывной подачей

elevator artificial feel unit — автомат загрузки бустерной системы управления рулём высоты

emergency flow control unit — аварийный регулятор подачи топлива

exhaust nozzle control unit — узел управления створками выхлопного сопла

fighter all-weather alert unit — дежурное подразделение всепогодных истребителей

ground air conditioning unit — аэродромная установка для кондиционирования воздуха

hose(-drum, -reel) unit — шланговый агрегат (системы дозаправки топливом)

hydrazine-air fuel cell power unit — силовая установка на гидразинвоздушных топливных элементах

in units of g — в единицах перегрузки

inverted V tail unit — хвостовое оперение в виде перевёрнутого V

jet assisted takeoff unit — реактивный ускоритель взлета; ркт. стартовый двигатель

long-range combat air unit — часть [подразделение] бомбардировочной авиации; подразделение истребителей-бомбардировщиков дальнего действия

main unit of landing gear — главная но: га шасси

monitor and equalization display unit — блок контроля и индикации рассогласования подсистем (резервированной системы)

monofuel emergency power unit — аварийный энергоагрегат на унитарном топливе

proportional flow control unit — регулятор пропорционального расхода (топлива)

range temperature control unit — дв. всережимный регулятор по температуре воздуха

rocket assisted takeoff unit — ракетный ускоритель взлета; ркт. стартовый двигатель

rudder artificial feel unit — механизм загрузки [усилий] руля направления

solid rocket boost unit — стартовый РДТТ

spotting and reconnaissance unit — корректировочно-разведывательная часть [подразделение]

straight demand oxygen unit — кислородный прибор с прерывной подачей без подсоса воздуха

torque limiter adaptor unit — ограничитель крутящего момента (рулевой машины автопилота)

vertical gyro control unit — гиродатчик вертикали; матка авиагоризонта

water vapor electrolysis unit — установка для электролиза водяных паров

— acceleration control unit

— accelerometer unit

— actuating unit

— aileron power unit

— air base unit

— air rescue unit

— air search unit

— airborne unit

— air-breathing power unit

— air-conditioning unit

— aircraft alert unit

— aircraft carrier unit

— aircraft-arresting unit

— airdrome construction unit

— airframe characterization unit

— air-mobile unit

— airphibious unit

— air-refueling unit

— air-transported unit

— altitude simulation unit

— analog-to-digital converter unit

— antiskid unit

— antivibrational unit

— AOA units

— approach assessment unit

— approach coupler unit

— artificial-feed unit

— assisted takeoff unit

— attitude-control unit

— autochangeover unit

— autostabilizer unit

— autotracking unit

— aviation engineer unit

— aviation survey unit

— azimuth unit

— azimuthal tracking unit

— azimuth-orientation unit

— base rescue unit

— beeper unit

— bipropellant rocket unit

— bird-scaring unit

— blown tail unit

— booster propulsion unit

— brain unit

— buoyant unit

— burner unit

— butterfly tail unit

— cantilever tail unit

— central timing unit

— climb assisting unit

— cluster bomb unit

— cold rocket unit

— cold-air unit

— collective servo unit

— compatibility test unit

— computer servo unit

— conditioning unit

— constant-speed unit

— control mixing unit

— control power unit

— control unit

— conversion training unit

— converter unit

— copter unit

— coupling unit

— crash recorder unit

— crash sensor unit

— crash-proof unit

— critical power unit

— cruise propulsion unit

— cryogenic cooling unit

— cyclic-pitch servo unit

— data handling unit

— data storage unit

— data-input unit

— data-output unit

— day-fighter unit

— demand oxygen unit

— demultiplexing unit

— detection unit

— diluter-demand oxygen unit

— displacement follow-up unit

— display unit

— distance measuring unit

— Doppler unit

— double seat units

— dual-wheel unit

— eddy current unit

— eight-wheel bogie unit

— ejectable recorder unit

— ejector release unit

— electrical trim unit

— electrohydraulic unit

— electromagnetic release unit

— elevation tracking unit

— elevator power unit

— engine gauge unit

— engine unit

— engine-propeller unit

— environmental unit

— exhaust unit

— extravehicular mobility unit

— feel unit

— feel-pressure computer unit

— fin power unit

— fire-fighting unit

— flight control unit

— flight recorder unit

— flight test unit

— flight unit

— flight-type electrolysis unit

— floatation unit

— flow-control unit

— flying unit

— foam unit

— follow-up unit

— force control unit

— four-chamber thrust unit

— four-channel recording unit

— four-cylinder thrust unit

— fuel pump unit

— fuel-control unit

— fueling unit

— fuel-metering unit

— fuel-servicing unit

— galley unit

— gas-generating unit

— gear reduction unit

— gimbal unit

— guidance unit

— guided missile unit

— gyro sensing unit

— gyroscopic unit

— gyrostabilization unit

— gyrostabilized unit

— hand-held maneuvering unit

— head-up display unit

— heat-exchanging unit

— heating unit

— heliborne unit

— helicopter-ambulance unit

— high-tail unit

— high-thrust rocket unit

— hydraulic power unit

— I/O unit

— individual propulsion unit

— inertial unit

— inertial-measuring unit

— infrared detection unit

— infrared sensory unit

— instrument unit

— integral unit

— intercooler unit

— irreversible servo unit

— jatounit

— jet unit

— jet-reaction unit

— landing-gear unit

— lateral-thrust unit

— launching unit

— life-supporting unit

— lifting unit

— line replaceable unit

— liquid-oxygen-alcohol unit

— liquid-propellant unit

— liquid-rocket unit

— liquid-spring unit

— low-tail unit

— mainwheel undercarriage unit

— man/machine unit

— matching unit

— measuring unit

— memory unit

— missile control unit

— missile guidance unit

— missile unit

— missile-borne unit

— mixing unit

— mobile generator unit

— mode control unit

— monitoring unit

— monopropellant rocket unit

— motor unit

— muffler unit

— multihole unit

— multiplexing unit

— noise monitoring unit

— nonlinear unit

— nose unit

— nozzle-control unit

— nozzle-trim unit

— nuclear power unit

— oleo-pneumatic unit

— operating air unit

— operational conversion unit

— operational training unit

— optical display unit

— optical-tracking unit

— outrigger-undercarriage unit

— oxygen unit

— parachute test unit

— penetration fighter unit

— photo interpretation unit

— photographic sensory unit

— pickling unit

— pickoff unit

— playback unit

— plotting unit

— pluggable unit

— plug-in unit

— polymerization unit

— potentiometer unit

— power unit

— powerplant unit

— power-supply unit

— prefilled rocket unit

— presentation unit

— pressure-jet unit

— pressurizing unit

— processing unit

— programing unit

— propulsion unit

— pulsing unit

— pusher unit

— radar sensory unit

— radio command unit

— range unit

— rate follow-up unit

— rate-gyro unit

— RATO unit

— rato unit

— reader unit

— recce unit

— recording unit

— recycling unit

— refrigeration unit

— refrigerator unit

— refueling unit

— refueling-defueling unit

— regeneration unit

— reheat unit

— relay unit

— remote-control unit

— retro-rocket unit

— reverse-thrust unit

— rocket combustion unit

— rocket propulsion unit

— rudder power unit

— rudder-fin unit

— rudder-pedal unit

— scavenge unit

— scoring unit

— search-and-rescue unit

— secure communication unit

— self-buoyant unit

— self-checking unit

— self-contained unit

— self-destruction unit

— self-maneuvering unit

— sensing unit

— sensor unit

— sensor-conditioner unit

— sensory unit

— sequence unit

— servo control unit

— servo unit

— shaping unit

— signal multiplexing unit

— signal-conditioning unit

— single-ruddered tail unit

— six-hour recording unit

— skid control unit

— skid detector unit

— sled unit

— solid-propellant propulsion unit

— solid-propellant rocket unit

— spaceflight unit

— spare unit

— stability augmentation unit

— stall-warning unit

— starting unit

— steer-damper unit

— stellar-inertial unit

— stick pusher unit

— stick shaker unit

— storage unit

— subsequence unit

— suction unit

— superperfortnance unit

— supply unit

— survival unit

— sustainer unit

— swing-away heads-up unit

— switching unit

— synchronizing unit

— tactical control unit

— tail unit

— tailplane power unit

— tandem power unit

— target acquisition unit

— technical service unit

— telemetry unit

— test unit

— thermal unit

— three-axis rate unit

— thrust meter unit

— thrust reversal unit

— thrust unit

— time delay unit

— time indicator unit

— towing unit

— tracking radar unit

— training unit

— transducer unit

— transformer-rectifier unit

— triple-finned tail unit

— troop-carrier unit

— tuning unit

— turbine expansion unit

— turbine-engined power unit

— turbo-jet power unit

— twin-finned tail unit

— twin-nosewheel unit

— twin-tube cathode unit

— undercarriage unit

— underslung rocket unit

— unmanned spaceflight unit

— variable-thrust rocket unit

— vertical reference unit

— vertical sensing unit

— voltage-shaping unit

— warhead unit

— wheel unit

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > unit
14 Breguet, Louis

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

b. 2 January 1880 Paris, France

d. 4 May 1955 Paris, France

[br]

French aviation pioneer who built a helicopter in 1907 and designed many successful aircraft.

[br]

The Breguet family had been manufacturing fine clocks since before the French Revolution, but Louis Breguet and his brother Jacques used their mechanical skills to produce a helicopter, or "gyroplane" as they named it. It was a complex machine with four biplane rotors (i.e. thirty-two lifting surfaces). Louis Breguet had carried out many tests to determine the most suitable rotor design. The Breguet brothers were assisted by Professor Charles Richet and the Breguet-Richet No. 1 was tested in September 1907 when it succeeded in lifting itself, and its pilot, to a height of 1.5 metres. Unfortunately, the gyroplane was rather unstable and four helpers had to steady it; consequently, the flight did not qualify as a "free" flight. This was achieved two months later, also in France, by Paul Cornu who made a 20-second free flight.

Louis Breguet turned his attention to aeroplane design and produced a tractor biplane when most other biplanes followed the Wright brothers' layout with a forward elevator and pusher propeller. The Breguet I made quite an impression at the 1909 Reims meeting, but the Breguet IV created a world record the following year by carrying six people. During the First World War the Breguet Type 14 bomber was widely used by French and American squadrons. Between the First and Second World Wars a wide variety of designs were produced, including flying boats and another helicopter, the Breguet- Dorand Gyroplane which flew for over one hour in 1936. The Breguet company survived World War II and in the late 1940s developed a successful four-engined airliner/transport, the Deux-Ponts, which had a bulbous double-deck fuselage.

Breguet was an innovative designer, although his designs were functional rather than elegant. He was an early advocate of metal construction and developed an oleo- (oil-spring) undercarriage leg.

[br]

Bibliography

1925, Le Vol à voile dynamique des oiseaux. Analyse des effets des pulsations du vent sur la résultante aérodynamique moyenne d'un planeur, Paris.

Further Reading

P.Faure, 1938, Louis Breguet, Paris (biography).

C.H.Gibbs-Smith, 1965, The Invention of the Aeroplane 1799–1909, London (provides a careful analysis of Breguet's early aircraft).

JDS

Biographical history of technology > Breguet, Louis
15 Ford, Henry

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

[br]

b. 30 July 1863 Dearborn, Michigan, USA

d. 7 April 1947 Dearborn, Michigan, USA

[br]

American pioneer motor-car maker and developer of mass-production methods.

[br]

He was the son of an Irish immigrant farmer, William Ford, and the oldest son to survive of Mary Litogot; his mother died in 1876 with the birth of her sixth child. He went to the village school, and at the age of 16 he was apprenticed to Flower brothers' machine shop and then at the Drydock \& Engineering Works in Detroit. In 1882 he left to return to the family farm and spent some time working with a 1 1/2 hp steam engine doing odd jobs for the farming community at $3 per day. He was then employed as a demonstrator for Westinghouse steam engines. He met Clara Jane Bryant at New Year 1885 and they were married on 11 April 1888. Their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, was born on 6 November 1893.

At that time Henry worked on steam engine repairs for the Edison Illuminating Company, where he became Chief Engineer. He became one of a group working to develop a "horseless carriage" in 1896 and in June completed his first vehicle, a "quadri cycle" with a two-cylinder engine. It was built in a brick shed, which had to be partially demolished to get the carriage out.

Ford became involved in motor racing, at which he was more successful than he was in starting a car-manufacturing company. Several early ventures failed, until the Ford Motor Company of 1903. By October 1908 they had started with production of the Model T. The first, of which over 15 million were built up to the end of its production in May 1927, came out with bought-out steel stampings and a planetary gearbox, and had a one-piece four-cylinder block with a bolt-on head. This was one of the most successful models built by Ford or any other motor manufacturer in the life of the motor car.

Interchangeability of components was an important element in Ford's philosophy. Ford was a pioneer in the use of vanadium steel for engine components. He adopted the principles of Frederick Taylor, the pioneer of time-and-motion study, and installed the world's first moving assembly line for the production of magnetos, started in 1913. He installed blast furnaces at the factory to make his own steel, and he also promoted research and the cultivation of the soya bean, from which a plastic was derived.

In October 1913 he introduced the "Five Dollar Day", almost doubling the normal rate of pay. This was a profit-sharing scheme for his employees and contained an element of a reward for good behaviour. About this time he initiated work on an agricultural tractor, the "Fordson" made by a separate company, the directors of which were Henry and his son Edsel.

In 1915 he chartered the Oscar II, a "peace ship", and with fifty-five delegates sailed for Europe a week before Christmas, docking at Oslo. Their objective was to appeal to all European Heads of State to stop the war. He had hoped to persuade manufacturers to replace armaments with tractors in their production programmes. In the event, Ford took to his bed in the hotel with a chill, stayed there for five days and then sailed for New York and home. He did, however, continue to finance the peace activists who remained in Europe. Back in America, he stood for election to the US Senate but was defeated. He was probably the father of John Dahlinger, illegitimate son of Evangeline Dahlinger, a stenographer employed by the firm and on whom he lavished gifts of cars, clothes and properties. He became the owner of a weekly newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, which became the medium for the expression of many of his more unorthodox ideas. He was involved in a lawsuit with the Chicago Tribune in 1919, during which he was cross-examined on his knowledge of American history: he is reputed to have said "History is bunk". What he actually said was, "History is bunk as it is taught in schools", a very different comment. The lawyers who thus made a fool of him would have been surprised if they could have foreseen the force and energy that their actions were to release. For years Ford employed a team of specialists to scour America and Europe for furniture, artefacts and relics of all kinds, illustrating various aspects of history. Starting with the Wayside Inn from South Sudbury, Massachusetts, buildings were bought, dismantled and moved, to be reconstructed in Greenfield Village, near Dearborn. The courthouse where Abraham Lincoln had practised law and the Ohio bicycle shop where the Wright brothers built their first primitive aeroplane were added to the farmhouse where the proprietor, Henry Ford, had been born. Replicas were made of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and the old City Hall in Philadelphia, and even a reconstruction of Edison's Menlo Park laboratory was installed. The Henry Ford museum was officially opened on 21 October 1929, on the fiftieth anniversary of Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb, but it continued to be a primary preoccupation of the great American car maker until his death.

Henry Ford was also responsible for a number of aeronautical developments at the Ford Airport at Dearborn. He introduced the first use of radio to guide a commercial aircraft, the first regular airmail service in the United States. He also manufactured the country's first all-metal multi-engined plane, the Ford Tri-Motor.

Edsel became President of the Ford Motor Company on his father's resignation from that position on 30 December 1918. Following the end of production in May 1927 of the Model T, the replacement Model A was not in production for another six months. During this period Henry Ford, though officially retired from the presidency of the company, repeatedly interfered and countermanded the orders of his son, ostensibly the man in charge. Edsel, who died of stomach cancer at his home at Grosse Point, Detroit, on 26 May 1943, was the father of Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, "Fair Lane", four years after his son's death.

[br]

Bibliography

1922, with S.Crowther, My Life and Work, London: Heinemann.

Further Reading

R.Lacey, 1986, Ford, the Men and the Machine, London: Heinemann. W.C.Richards, 1948, The Last Billionaire, Henry Ford, New York: Charles Scribner.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Ford, Henry
16 Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 14 June 1890 Little Shasta, California, USA

d. 3 May 1969 California, USA

[br]

American pioneer of diesel rail traction.

[br]

Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

[br]

Further Reading

P.M.Reck, 1948, On Time: The History of the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation, La Grange, Ill.: General Motors (describes Hamilton's career).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
17 Holt, Benjamin

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

[br]

b. 1 January 1849 Concord, New Hampshire, USA

d. 5 December 1924 Stockton, California, USA

[br]

American machinery manufacturer responsible for the development of the Caterpillar tractor and for early developments in combine harvesters.

[br]

In 1864 Charles Henry Holt led three other brothers to California in response to the gold rush. In 1868 he founded C.H.Holt \& Co. in San Francisco with the help of his brothers Williams and Ames. The company dealt in timber as well as wagon and carriage materials, as did the business they had left behind in Concord in the care of their youngest brother, Benjamin. In 1883 Benjamin joined the others in California and together they formed the Stockton Wheel Company with offices in San Francisco and Stockton. The brothers recognized the potential of combine harvesters and purchased a number of patents, enlarged their works and began to experiment. Their first combine was produced in 1886, and worked for forty-six days that year. With the stimulus of Benjamin Holt the company produced the first hillside combine in 1891 and introduced the concept of belt drive. The Holt harvesting machine produced in 1904 was the first to use an auxiliary gas engine. By 1889 Benjamin was sole family executive. In 1890 the company produced its first traction engine. He began experimenting with track-laying machines, building his first in 1904. It was this machine which earned the nickname "Caterpillar", which has remained the company trade name to the present day. In 1906 thecompany produced its first gasoline-engined Caterpillar, and the first production model was introduced two years later. The development of Caterpillar tractors had a significant impact on the transport potential of the Allies during the First World War, and the Holt production of track-laying traction engines was of immense importance to the supply of the armed forces. In 1918 Benjamin Holt was still actively involved in the company, but he died in Stockton in 1920.

[br]

Further Reading

W.A.Payne (ed.), 1982, Benjamin Holt: The Story of the Caterpillar Tractor, Stockton, Calif: University of the Pacific (provides an illustrated account of the life of Holt and the company he formed).

R.Jones, "Benjamin Holt and the Caterpillar tractor", Vintage Tractor Magazine 1st special vol.

AP

Biographical history of technology > Holt, Benjamin
18 Short, Hugh Oswald

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace

[br]

b. 16 January 1883 Derbyshire, England

d. 4 December 1969 Haslemere, England

[br]

English co-founder, with his brothers Horace Short (1872–1917) and Eustace (1875–1932), of the first company to design and build aeroplanes in Britain.

[br]

Oswald Short trained as an engineer; he was largely self-taught but was assisted by his brothers Eustace and Horace. In 1898 Eustace and the young Oswald set up a balloon business, building their first balloon in 1901. Two years later they sold observation balloons to the Government of India, and further orders followed. Meanwhile, in 1906 Horace designed a high-altitude balloon with a spherical pressurized gondola, an idea later used by Auguste Piccard, in 1931. Horace, a strange genius with a dominating character, joined his younger brothers in 1908 to found Short Brothers. Their first design, based on the Wright Flyer, was a limited success, but No. 2 won a Daily Mail prize of £1,000. In the same year, 1909, the Wright brothers chose Shorts to build six of their new Model A biplanes. Still using the basic Wright layout, Horace designed the world's first twin-engined aeroplane to fly successfully: it had one engine forward of the pilot, and one aft. During the years before the First World War the Shorts turned to tractor biplanes and specialized in floatplanes for the Admiralty.

Oswald established a seaplane factory at Rochester, Kent, during 1913–14, and an airship works at Cardington, Bedfordshire, in 1916. Short Brothers went on to build the rigid airship R 32, which was completed in 1919. Unfortunately, Horace died in 1917, which threw a greater responsibility onto Oswald, who became the main innovator. He introduced the use of aluminium alloys combined with a smooth "stressed-skin" construction (unlike Junkers, who used corrugated skins). His sleek biplane the Silver Streak flew in 1920, well ahead of its time, but official support was not forthcoming. Oswald Short struggled on, trying to introduce his all-metal construction, especially for flying boats. He eventually succeeded with the biplane Singapore, of 1926, which had an all-metal hull. The prototype was used by Sir Alan Cobham for his flight round Africa. Several successful all-metal flying boats followed, including the Empire flying boats (1936) and the ubiquitous Sunderland (1937). The Stirling bomber (1939) was derived from the Sunderland. The company was nationalized in 1942 and Oswald Short retired the following year.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Honorary Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Freeman of the City of London. Oswald Short turned down an MBE in 1919 as he felt it did not reflect the achievements of the Short Brothers.

Bibliography

1966, "Aircraft with stressed skin metal construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (November) (an account of the problems with patents and officialdom).

Further Reading

C.H.Barnes, 1967, Shorts Aircraft since 1900, London; reprinted 1989 (a detailed account of the work of the Short brothers).

JDS

Biographical history of technology > Short, Hugh Oswald

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