-
1 separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- корпус (здание, сооружение)
корпус
Отдельно стоящее здание, входящее в комплекс зданий определённого назначения, расположенных на общем участке
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- город, населенный пункт
- здания, сооружения, помещения
EN
- bay or part of building
- detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
DE
FR
- bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
-
2 (a) separate building
отдельное/обособленное зданиеEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > (a) separate building
-
3 separate
I ['sep(ə)rɪt] adjотдельный, изолированный, обособленныйThese are two entirely (quite) separate questuions (problems). — Это два отдельные/самостоятельных вопроса (две отдельные проблемы).
- separate room- separate building
- separate cell
- separate education
- separate peace treaty
- separate offer
- separate occasion
- separate account
- separate part
- separate from the rest of the children
- two separate wings of the same building
- book in two separate volumes
- take a separate vote on the question
- keep smth separate
- keep these pills separate
- live separate from smb
- there is a separate room for you II ['sepəreɪt]1) расставаться, расходитьсяThey walked a mile together and then separated. — Они прошли вместе с милю и разошлись.
- separate into two parties- separate on the corner2) разнимать, отделять, разлучатьWe don't want to be separated. — Мы не хотим, чтобы нас разлучали.
England is separated from France by the Channel. — Англия отделена от Франции Ла-Маншем.
- separate smb- separate the fighters- separate smth- separate two fields by a fence
- separate sense from nonsense•CHOICE OF WORDS: -
4 bay or part of building
- корпус (здание, сооружение)
корпус
Отдельно стоящее здание, входящее в комплекс зданий определённого назначения, расположенных на общем участке
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- город, населенный пункт
- здания, сооружения, помещения
EN
- bay or part of building
- detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
DE
FR
- bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bay or part of building
-
5 detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- корпус (здание, сооружение)
корпус
Отдельно стоящее здание, входящее в комплекс зданий определённого назначения, расположенных на общем участке
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- город, населенный пункт
- здания, сооружения, помещения
EN
- bay or part of building
- detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
DE
FR
- bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
-
6 blocked residential building (low-rise house with flats each giving exit to a separate lot of land)
дом блокированный
Дом, образованный соединением нескольких примыкающих друг к другу одно- или двухэтажных индивидуальных домов с земельными участками и с изолированными входами
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- город, населенный пункт
EN
- blocked residential building (low-rise house with flats each giving exit to a separate lot of land)
DE
FR
- maison ďhabitation de faible hauteur dont les logements donnent sur les petits jardins privés
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > blocked residential building (low-rise house with flats each giving exit to a separate lot of land)
-
7 two separate wings of the same building
два самостоятельных/отдельных крыла одного и того же зданияEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > two separate wings of the same building
-
8 bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
- корпус (здание, сооружение)
корпус
Отдельно стоящее здание, входящее в комплекс зданий определённого назначения, расположенных на общем участке
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- город, населенный пункт
- здания, сооружения, помещения
EN
- bay or part of building
- detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
DE
FR
- bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
-
9 Gebäudeblock
- корпус (здание, сооружение)
корпус
Отдельно стоящее здание, входящее в комплекс зданий определённого назначения, расположенных на общем участке
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
- город, населенный пункт
- здания, сооружения, помещения
EN
- bay or part of building
- detached building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
- separate building (of housing, industrial etc. complex)
DE
FR
- bâtiment isolé (dun complexe urbain, commercial, industriel etc) halle incorporée (au bâtiment principal)
Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Gebäudeblock
-
10 system
1) система; сеть; комплекс2) установка, устройство3) план; расположение4) система; порядок; классификация•- system of catalogs - system of catalogues - system of forces - system of ground points - system of road signs - system of scaffolds - acoustic signalling system - active residential solar heating system - aeration system - air-brake system - air-comfort system - air-conditioning system - air-curtain system - air-foam system - airline system - airline vacuum system - air-pressure water system - all-outside air-conditioning system - arch system - arch-and-pier system - audible alarm system - Automated Data Management System in Building - ADMSB - automatic fire alarm system - balanced system of ventilation - bar system - basic system - beam system - blower system - British absolute system of units - building system - building central air conditioning system - building solar optical system - bypass pipe system - cable system - cantilever tieback system - cathodic protection system of pipelines - central fan electric heating system - central hot water supply system - check-board system - circulating water system - closed system - closed heat supply system - closed pipeline system - collecting system - colour spraying systems - combined extract-and-input system - combined sewerage system - community complete system in containers or skids - composite cable roof system - compressed-air system - computer-aided system - consolidated power system - control system of survey - cooling system - cooling pipe system - coordinate system - curing system - decimal system - designation system - discrete system - discrete-continual system - distributing system - district heating system - double-pipe system - double-pipeline system - double-pipe riser system - downward system of ventilation - drainage system - drencher system - drop system - dry pipe sprinkler system - dry return system - duct system - earthling system - ejector system - elastic system - electric heating system - embedded panel system - emergency power supply system - energy recovery system - engineer's system of units - filling system of navigation lock - filtration system - fire-alarm sounding system - fire-fighting system - fire-sprinkling system - fire warning system - fixing systems - flange system - flooding system - floor system - floor system of bridge - floor heating system - flow-through system - flue gas cleaning system - fluid power system - forced circulation system - four-axis system - framed system - gas heating system - glaze systems - gravity system - gravity water supply system - grid system - hazard system - heating system - heat pump system - heat supply system - high pressure air-conditioning system - high velocity air-conditioning system - hinged system - hoisting system - hot air system - hot blast system - hot water supply system - inflation system - instantaneously variable system - integral deck system - integrated dispatching system - invariable system - ion-exchange system - irrigation system - land system - large public water system - lateral system - left-handed system - lighting system - local air-conditioning system - lock-filling system - long-line system - low pressure air-conditioning system - low velocity air-conditioning system - low voltage system - main system - management system - measuring system - mechanical systems of a house - medium-size public water system - membrane system - metric system - modular coordinating space system - monitoring system - multistage gas supply system - network system - observing system - once-through system - one-layer cable system - one-pipe heating system - one-pipe loop system - open system - open heat supply system - open return system - overhead system of heating - overhead heating system - panel air system - panel cooling system - pipeline system - piping system - plane system - plumbing system - pollution control system - population settlement group system - post-tensioned system - potabilization system - power system - power-reservoir system - pressurized water treatment system - pre-tensioned system - primary system - public transport system - public water system - public waterworks system - quality control system - quarternary system - railroad system - recirculated heating system - recirculation duct air conditioning system - recool system - rectangular system of street layout - reliability coefficients system - remote control system - reusing water supply system - rigid cable roof system - ring heating system - roll-cap system - round duct system - safety valve of a hydraulic system - saprobity system - separate sewerage system - septic system - sewerage system - single duct air-conditioning system - single-stage system - single-track automatic block system - slab-stringer system - smoke-detector system - solar aquatic system - solar cooling system - solar heating system - solar thermal power system - space system - split system - sprinkler system - statically determinate system - statically indeterminate system - steel plate system - structural system - supply air system - suspension system - thermal reheat system - three-dimensional system - three-way system of reinforcement - thrust system - total energy system - two-dimensional system - two-duct air-conditioning system - two-layer cable roof system - two-pipe water heating system - underfloor heating system - underground cable system - unified modular coordination system - universal sewerage system - upfeed water heating system - up-lighting system - utility system - utility detection system - vacuum system - vandalproof system - variable air volume system - ventilation system - warning system - waste treatment system - waste water system - water system - water measuring systems - water purification system - water quality system - water quality indicator system - water supply system - water supply by zones system - water treatment systems - wind bracing system - zone system* * *1. система; сеть (напр. трубопроводов); устройство2. способ, метод- system of forcessystem in equilibrium — равновесная система, система в состоянии равновесия
- system of masses
- system of scaffolds
- ABC system
- AC system
- acoustical ceiling system
- active solar energy system
- aesthetic value system
- air classification system
- air cycle refrigerating system
- airfield soil classification system
- air pollution control system
- air-to-air system
- air-to-water system
- air transport system
- alarm system
- all-air system
- all outside air system
- all-water coil system
- all water fan coil system
- approach lighting system
- arterial system
- Atterberg soil classification system
- audio alarm system
- automated casting system
- automatic fire alarm system
- automatic fire protection system
- automatic flushing system
- balanced system
- balanced system of streets
- balanced ventilation system
- bar system
- beam structural system
- bell alarm system
- Benoto piling system
- bivalent heat pump system
- bleed-in system
- blow and exhaust system
- blow through air-conditioning system
- blow through fan system
- bootstrap system
- box system
- bridge deck structured system
- British soil classification system
- building system
- building automation system
- building-drainage system
- building gravity drainage system
- building management system
- built-in dust suppression system
- burglar alarm system
- cable system
- central air heating system
- central fan system
- centralized hot-water supply system
- central plant air conditioning system
- changeover system
- circulating system
- circulation water supply system
- circulation water system
- closed system
- closed heat-supply system
- closed-loop heat pump system
- closed-type steam heating system
- coding system
- cogeneration system
- cold supply system
- collapsing-ring bridge rail system
- combined drainage system
- combined sewage system
- complanar system of structural members
- complanar force system
- complete-mix activated sludge system
- composite frame system
- compression system
- concrete suspended flooring system
- constant volume system
- continuous conveying system
- continuous suspension system
- control system
- cooling system
- coordinate system
- cost-efficient floor system
- crossbar approach lighting system
- cross blow ventilation system
- curtain walling system
- custom forming system
- decentralized air conditioning system
- decentralized sewerage system
- deluge sprinkler system
- desiccant cooling system
- designation system
- design-built system
- diffusion-absorption system
- digital indicating system
- direct system
- direct air heating system
- direct cooling system
- direct expansion system
- direct hot water system
- direct hot-water supply system
- direct return system
- direct through air-conditioning system
- distribution system
- domestic hot water system
- domestic sewerage system
- "Dot" recording system
- double-pipe system
- double stack system
- down-feed system
- drainage system
- draw-in system
- draw-through fan system
- draw-through system
- drencher system
- drop system
- dry-pipe sprinkler system
- dual conduit system
- duct system
- ductless split air conditioning system
- dust collecting system
- dust extract system
- early warning system
- economical floor system
- ejector refrigerating system
- elastic mechanical system
- elastic system
- electric heating system
- electric reheat system
- energy management system
- environmental system
- exhaust system
- extract system
- FAA soil classification system
- fan coil system
- Federal aviation administration soil classification system
- fire alarm system
- fire-extinguishing system
- fire protection system
- flat plate-pipe column floor system
- floor structural system
- floor system
- flow-through system
- F-number system
- force system
- forming-and-reinforcing system
- Forton system
- four pipe system
- gantry crane system
- gas heating system
- gravity system
- gravity-flow heating system
- gravity sewerage system
- gravity steam heating system
- gravity water-supply system
- grid coordinate system
- gridiron distribution system
- grounding system
- groundwater control system
- group water supply system
- gyratory system
- heat distribution system
- heating system
- heat-of-light system
- heat pump system
- heat recovery system
- heat supply system
- heat-traced system
- high-intensity lighting system
- high temperature hot-water heating system
- high velocity system
- hold-over system
- holonomic system
- hot-air system
- hot water system
- hot-water circulation system
- hush piling system
- hybrid system
- hydraulic control system
- hydrophilic system
- hydrophobic system
- indirect expansion system
- indirect hot-water supply system
- indirect refrigeration system
- individual sewage-disposal system
- induction air conditioning system
- induction system
- industrialized building systems
- inflation system
- instrument landing system
- integral deck system
- integrated distribution floor system
- inverter driven VRV system
- Jackson system
- land system
- large panel system
- lighting system
- line system
- liquid overfeed system
- local sewerage system
- low-pressure system
- low pressure hot water system
- low velocity system
- main system
- maintenance management system
- mass transit system
- materials-handling system
- mechanical system
- mechanical refrigerating system
- mechanical supply system
- medium pressure hot water system
- medium temperature hot water system
- microbore heating system
- modular system
- modular air conditioning system
- modular compression sealing system
- modular decking system
- modular precast building system
- multiple-degree system
- multiple web system
- multiple well system
- multistage gas-supply system
- multizone system
- municipal piping system
- nail-free formwork system
- non-changeover system
- octopus duct system
- oil fired heating system
- once-through water-supply system
- one-degree system
- one-duct air-conditioning system
- one-pipe system
- one-pipe loop system
- one-way system
- open system
- open expansion tank system
- open-loop control system
- open return system
- open steam heating system
- operation system
- overhead heating system
- overhead runway system
- packaged cogeneration system
- panel air-conditioning system
- panel air system
- panel-lock system
- partially-separate system
- piping system
- plane system of forces
- plane grid system
- plenum system
- plumbing system
- pneumatic conveying system
- post-tensioning system
- preaction sprinkler system
- prefabricated pipe conduit system
- pressurization system
- pressurized heating system
- pressurized hot water system
- primary-secondary system
- principal system
- public system
- public waterwork system
- push-through fan system
- push-through system
- quality system
- rail mounted track laying system
- raised floor system
- rapid transport system
- recool system
- recycling system
- recycling water system
- redundant bridge system
- refrigerating system
- regenerative air cycle system
- regional settlement system
- reheat system
- return system
- return air system
- reverse return system
- reverse return upfeed system
- rising heating system
- road system
- roofing system
- run-around system
- safety system
- scraper system
- sealed heating system
- security system
- self-climbing form system
- separate sewerage system
- separate system
- series loop system
- sewage system
- shunt system
- single-degree-of-freedom system
- single-degree system
- single duct air conditioning system
- single-pipe heating system
- single-pipe heat-supply system
- single-stack plumbing system
- single-storey heating system
- single web system
- single-zone air-conditioning system
- slab-stringer system
- small bore heating system
- smoke control system
- smoke extract ventilation system
- soil system
- soil absorption system
- solar heating system
- solid fuel heating system
- split system
- sprinkler system
- state plane coordinate system
- statically determinate system
- statically indeterminate system
- stationary system of loads
- steam heating system
- steel plate system
- storm sewer system
- structural system
- structural monitoring system
- sub-atmospheric heating system
- subbuilding drainage system
- subsurface drainage system
- subsurface sewage disposal system
- supply air system
- supporting formwork system
- suspension structural system
- swing joint system
- taxiway system
- telpher system
- terminal reheat system
- thermal storage heating system
- thermosiphon system
- three-pipe system
- three-pipe air-conditioning system
- three-pipe heat supply system
- total energy system
- track laying system
- trench shoring system
- trussed system
- truss-supported deck system
- tube cleaning system
- two-degree-of-freedom system
- two-degree system
- two-pipe system
- two value system of proportional balancing
- two value system
- two-way system
- underfloor conduit system
- unvented system
- up-feed heating system
- utility detection system
- vacuum heating system
- vacuum return system
- vacuum waste disposal system
- variable air volume system
- variable refrigerant volume system
- variable volume system
- variable water volume system
- VAV system
- vented system
- ventilation system
- VRV system
- VWV system
- warning system
- water-air heating system
- water booster system
- water-supply system
- water-to-air system
- water-to-water system
- wellpoint system
- wet return system
- wind framing system
- wire cable control system
- wiring system
- zoned system
- zone reheat system -
11 system
- system
- n1. система; сеть (напр. трубопроводов); устройство
2. способ, метод
system in equilibrium — равновесная система, система в состоянии равновесия
- system of forces
- system of masses
- system of scaffolds
- ABC system
- AC system
- acoustical ceiling system
- active solar energy system
- aesthetic value system
- air classification system
- air cycle refrigerating system
- airfield soil classification system
- air pollution control system
- air-to-air system
- air-to-water system
- air transport system
- alarm system
- all-air system
- all outside air system
- all-water coil system
- all water fan coil system
- approach lighting system
- arterial system
- Atterberg soil classification system
- audio alarm system
- automated casting system
- automatic fire alarm system
- automatic fire protection system
- automatic flushing system
- balanced system
- balanced system of streets
- balanced ventilation system
- bar system
- beam structural system
- bell alarm system
- Benoto piling system
- bivalent heat pump system
- bleed-in system
- blow and exhaust system
- blow through air-conditioning system
- blow through fan system
- bootstrap system
- box system
- bridge deck structured system
- British soil classification system
- building system
- building automation system
- building-drainage system
- building gravity drainage system
- building management system
- built-in dust suppression system
- burglar alarm system
- cable system
- central air heating system
- central fan system
- centralized hot-water supply system
- central plant air conditioning system
- changeover system
- circulating system
- circulation water supply system
- circulation water system
- closed system
- closed heat-supply system
- closed-loop heat pump system
- closed-type steam heating system
- coding system
- cogeneration system
- cold supply system
- collapsing-ring bridge rail system
- combined drainage system
- combined sewage system
- complanar system of structural members
- complanar force system
- complete-mix activated sludge system
- composite frame system
- compression system
- concrete suspended flooring system
- constant volume system
- continuous conveying system
- continuous suspension system
- control system
- cooling system
- coordinate system
- cost-efficient floor system
- crossbar approach lighting system
- cross blow ventilation system
- curtain walling system
- custom forming system
- decentralized air conditioning system
- decentralized sewerage system
- deluge sprinkler system
- desiccant cooling system
- designation system
- design-built system
- diffusion-absorption system
- digital indicating system
- direct system
- direct air heating system
- direct cooling system
- direct expansion system
- direct hot water system
- direct hot-water supply system
- direct return system
- direct through air-conditioning system
- distribution system
- domestic hot water system
- domestic sewerage system
- "Dot" recording system
- double-pipe system
- double stack system
- down-feed system
- drainage system
- draw-in system
- draw-through fan system
- draw-through system
- drencher system
- drop system
- dry-pipe sprinkler system
- dual conduit system
- duct system
- ductless split air conditioning system
- dust collecting system
- dust extract system
- early warning system
- economical floor system
- ejector refrigerating system
- elastic mechanical system
- elastic system
- electric heating system
- electric reheat system
- energy management system
- environmental system
- exhaust system
- extract system
- FAA soil classification system
- fan coil system
- Federal aviation administration soil classification system
- fire alarm system
- fire-extinguishing system
- fire protection system
- flat plate-pipe column floor system
- floor structural system
- floor system
- flow-through system
- F-number system
- force system
- forming-and-reinforcing system
- Forton system
- four pipe system
- gantry crane system
- gas heating system
- gravity system
- gravity-flow heating system
- gravity sewerage system
- gravity steam heating system
- gravity water-supply system
- grid coordinate system
- gridiron distribution system
- grounding system
- groundwater control system
- group water supply system
- gyratory system
- heat distribution system
- heating system
- heat-of-light system
- heat pump system
- heat recovery system
- heat supply system
- heat-traced system
- high-intensity lighting system
- high temperature hot-water heating system
- high velocity system
- hold-over system
- holonomic system
- hot-air system
- hot water system
- hot-water circulation system
- hush piling system
- hybrid system
- hydraulic control system
- hydrophilic system
- hydrophobic system
- indirect expansion system
- indirect hot-water supply system
- indirect refrigeration system
- individual sewage-disposal system
- induction air conditioning system
- induction system
- industrialized building systems
- inflation system
- instrument landing system
- integral deck system
- integrated distribution floor system
- inverter driven VRV system
- Jackson system
- land system
- large panel system
- lighting system
- line system
- liquid overfeed system
- local sewerage system
- low-pressure system
- low pressure hot water system
- low velocity system
- main system
- maintenance management system
- mass transit system
- materials-handling system
- mechanical system
- mechanical refrigerating system
- mechanical supply system
- medium pressure hot water system
- medium temperature hot water system
- microbore heating system
- modular system
- modular air conditioning system
- modular compression sealing system
- modular decking system
- modular precast building system
- multiple-degree system
- multiple web system
- multiple well system
- multistage gas-supply system
- multizone system
- municipal piping system
- nail-free formwork system
- non-changeover system
- octopus duct system
- oil fired heating system
- once-through water-supply system
- one-degree system
- one-duct air-conditioning system
- one-pipe system
- one-pipe loop system
- one-way system
- open system
- open expansion tank system
- open-loop control system
- open return system
- open steam heating system
- operation system
- overhead heating system
- overhead runway system
- packaged cogeneration system
- panel air-conditioning system
- panel air system
- panel-lock system
- partially-separate system
- piping system
- plane system of forces
- plane grid system
- plenum system
- plumbing system
- pneumatic conveying system
- post-tensioning system
- preaction sprinkler system
- prefabricated pipe conduit system
- pressurization system
- pressurized heating system
- pressurized hot water system
- primary-secondary system
- principal system
- public system
- public waterwork system
- push-through fan system
- push-through system
- quality system
- rail mounted track laying system
- raised floor system
- rapid transport system
- recool system
- recycling system
- recycling water system
- redundant bridge system
- refrigerating system
- regenerative air cycle system
- regional settlement system
- reheat system
- return system
- return air system
- reverse return system
- reverse return upfeed system
- rising heating system
- road system
- roofing system
- run-around system
- safety system
- scraper system
- sealed heating system
- security system
- self-climbing form system
- separate sewerage system
- separate system
- series loop system
- sewage system
- shunt system
- single-degree-of-freedom system
- single-degree system
- single duct air conditioning system
- single-pipe heating system
- single-pipe heat-supply system
- single-stack plumbing system
- single-storey heating system
- single web system
- single-zone air-conditioning system
- slab-stringer system
- small bore heating system
- smoke control system
- smoke extract ventilation system
- soil system
- soil absorption system
- solar heating system
- solid fuel heating system
- split system
- sprinkler system
- state plane coordinate system
- statically determinate system
- statically indeterminate system
- stationary system of loads
- steam heating system
- steel plate system
- storm sewer system
- structural system
- structural monitoring system
- sub-atmospheric heating system
- subbuilding drainage system
- subsurface drainage system
- subsurface sewage disposal system
- supply air system
- supporting formwork system
- suspension structural system
- swing joint system
- taxiway system
- telpher system
- terminal reheat system
- thermal storage heating system
- thermosiphon system
- three-pipe system
- three-pipe air-conditioning system
- three-pipe heat supply system
- total energy system
- track laying system
- trench shoring system
- trussed system
- truss-supported deck system
- tube cleaning system
- two-degree-of-freedom system
- two-degree system
- two-pipe system
- two value system of proportional balancing
- two value system
- two-way system
- underfloor conduit system
- unvented system
- up-feed heating system
- utility detection system
- vacuum heating system
- vacuum return system
- vacuum waste disposal system
- variable air volume system
- variable refrigerant volume system
- variable volume system
- variable water volume system
- VAV system
- vented system
- ventilation system
- VRV system
- VWV system
- warning system
- water-air heating system
- water booster system
- water-supply system
- water-to-air system
- water-to-water system
- wellpoint system
- wet return system
- wind framing system
- wire cable control system
- wiring system
- zoned system
- zone reheat system
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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12 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
13 sewer
1) (подземный) канализационный коллектор ( для сбора и транспортировки сточных вод до станций переработки); канализационная труба, канал•- building sewer - combined sewer - concrete sewer - depressed sewer - egg-shaped sewer - flight sewer - horseshoe-shaped sewer - house sewer - intercepting sewer - lateral sewers - main sewer - main trunk sewer - outlet sewer - public sewer - relief sewer - sanitary sewer - separate sewer - storm sewer - storm-overflow sewer - trunk sewer - waterborne sewer* * *1. подземный канализационный коллектор; трубопровод наружной сети канализации2. дренажная галерея ( у подошвы верхового откоса земляной плотины)- branch sewer
- building sewer
- building combined sewer
- building sanitary sewer
- building storm sewer
- combination sewer
- combined building sewer
- connecting sewer
- egg-shaped sewer
- flight sewer
- foul sewer
- house sewer
- intercepting sewer
- lateral sewer
- main sewer
- municipal sewers
- outfall sewer
- public sewer
- relief sewer
- sanitary sewer
- separate sewer
- storm sewer
- storm-overflow sewer
- storm water sewer
- submain sewer
- subsidiary sewer
- trunk sewer -
14 maintenance
ˈmeɪntənəns сущ.
1) поддержание;
сохранение the maintenance of peace and stability in Asia ≈ сохранение мира и стабильности в Азии the importance of natural food to the maintenance of health ≈ значение естественных продуктов питания для поддержания (сохранения) здоровья
2) содержание( детей, семьи и т. п.) ;
средства к существованию the government's plan to make absent fathers pay maintenance for their children ≈ правительственный план, обязывающий отсутствующих отцов содержать своих детей separate maintenance ≈ содержание, назначаемое жене при разводе
3) содержание и техническое обслуживание, уход;
текущий ремонт maintenance work on government buildings ≈ работы по содержанию и уходу за государственными строениями maintenance crew maintenance command
4) а) юр. поддержка (одной из тяжущихся сторон в корыстных целях) б) поддержка (чьего-л. мнения, просьбы и т. п.) He could never have appealed, as he did, to the authority of Paul in maintenance of his own peculiar opinions. ≈ Он никогда не использовал авторитет Пола для поддержки своего особого мнения, что он делал в других случаях.
5) тех. эксплуатация;
эксплуатационные расходы (включая текущий ремонт) поддержание, сохранение;
продолжение - the * of friendly relations with all countries поддержание дружеских отношений /отношений дружбы/ со всеми странами - * of contact( военное) поддержание соприкосновения с противником - * of observation( военное) непрерывное ведение наблюдения содержание, выплачиваемое мужем жене в случае соглашения о раздельном проживании;
алименты - to provide for smb.'s * обеспечить кого-л. средствами к существованию - he pays $15 per week * он платит пятнадцать долларов в неделю алиментов, он выплачивает алименты - пятнадцать долларов в неделю поддержка, защита (юридическое) поддержка (одной из тяжущихся сторон в корыстных целях) (техническое) уход, ремонт (текущий) ;
содержание и техническое обслуживание;
материально-техническое обеспечение( компьютерное) сопровождение, обслуживание;
ведение (файла и т. п.) (техническое) эксплуатационные расходы, стоимость содержания режим( ледника) (книжное) утверждение advance payment of ~ сем. право удержание алиментов building ~ материально-техническое обеспечение строительства child ~ сем.право алименты на ребенка child ~ сем.право денежное пособие на содержание ребенка conservation and ~ works природоохранные и реставрационные работы corrective ~ внеплановое техническое обслуживание corrective ~ вчт. корректирующее сопровождение corrective ~ техническое обслуживание с устранением неисправностей data ~ вчт. ведение данных database ~ вчт. ведение базы данных deferred ~ отсроченное техническое обслуживание emergency ~ аварийное обслуживание external ~ поддержание внешнего вида file ~ вчт. сопровождение файла machine ~ техническое обслуживание и ремонт оборудования maintenance алименты ~ материально-техническое обеспечение ~ неправомерная поддержка одной из тяжущихся сторон ~ обслуживание ~ поддержание ~ юр. поддержка (одной из тяжущихся сторон в корыстных целях) ~ поддержка, поддержание, сохранение;
содержание, средства к существованию ~ поддержка, поддержание;
сохранение ~ профилактический осмотр ~ attr. ремонтный;
maintenance crew команда технического обслуживания ~ содержание;
средства к существованию ~ содержание, средства к существованию, алименты ~ содержание в исправности ~ вчт. сопровождение ~ сохранение ~ средства к существованию ~ стоимость содержания ~ техническое обслуживание, уход (за оборудованием), эксплуатация, ремонт ~ техническое обслуживание ~ утверждение ~ утверждение, заявление ~ тех. уход, содержание в исправности;
текущий ремонт ~ уход, содержание в исправности ~ эксплуатационные расходы ~ тех. эксплуатация;
эксплуатационные расходы (включая текущий ремонт) ~ эксплуатация ~ attr. ремонтный;
maintenance crew команда технического обслуживания ~ of factory buildings содержание производственных зданий ~ of family содержание семьи ~ of order поддержание порядка ~ of public service obligation выполнение обязательств по коммунальным услугам ~ of user enthusiasm вчт. поддержание заинтересованности пользователя ~ of value obligation выполнение валютного обязательства on-call ~ обслуживание по вызову on-line ~ вчт. оперативное техническое оборудование operating ~ вчт. текущее сопровождение preventive ~ профилактика preventive ~ профилактический ремонт price ~ поддержание минимальной цены price: ~ formation эк. ценообразование;
price maintenance эк. установление и поддержание цен price ~ agreement договор об установлении и поддержании цен program ~ вчт. сопровождение программы remedial ~ ремонт resale price ~ поддержание цены товара при перепродаже road ~ содержание дорог routine ~ профилактика routine ~ профилактическое техническое обслуживание routine ~ текущее техническое обслуживание separate ~ содержание, выплачиваемое мужем жене в случае соглашения о раздельном жительстве separate: ~ отдельный;
cut it into four separate parts разрежьте это на четыре части;
separate maintenance содержание, назначаемое жене при разводе software ~ вчт. сопровождение программного обеспечения software product ~ вчт. сопровождение программного изделия truth ~ поддержка достоверности unsheduled ~ внеплановое обслуживание widow ~ пособие вдовеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > maintenance
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15 method
1) метод; способ; средство2) система; порядок3) технология4) методика•- method of applying liquid lubrication - method of calculation - method of column analogy - method of comparison - method of connecting - method of determining bending moments by fixed points - method of directions - method of elastic arch - method of elastic weights - method of electric needles - method of exchange of members - method of firing - method of fixed points - method of images - method of initial parameters - method of joints - method of least squares - method of least work - method of limit equilibrium - method of minimum strain energy - method of moments - method of movement - method of operation - method of payment - method of planning - method of production - method of redundant reactions - method of rotations - method of sections - method of separate joint displacement - method of slopes - method of stowage - method of strain measurement method - method of substitute redundant members - method of successive approximations - method of successive corrections - method of training - method of transportation - method of working - method of zero moment points - methods of network planning and control - ad hoc method - advertising method - aero-projection method - air-permeability method - airslide method - approximation method - arbitrary proportions method - area moment method - artificial islands method - ball method of testing - bench method - bidding methods - brush method of treatment timber - building methods - caisson method - cantilever method of design - cassette method of production of thin-slab structures - central mixing method - centre drift method - centrifuge method - centroidal method of design - change-in-stress method - chemical injection method - closed building method - column analogy method of design - compressed-air method of tunnelling - concrete testing method - cone method - construction works quality control method - core-drill method - correlation method - cut-and-cover method - cut-and-try method - cylinder method - deflection method - design methods - development method - dip method - dipping method of treatment timber - effective method - electrolytic method - emulsified-asphalt penetration method - energy method - equal load increments method - equal strain method - error method - fabrication method - fixing method - float and chains method - flow-line conveyer method - force method - graphical method - heading method of tunnelling - hot-air heating standpipe method - hot penetration method - hydraulic fill method - impact method - kinematic method - lacquer film method - land-assembly methods - lift-slab method - limit equilibrium method - limit stage design method - line production method - loading method - magnaflux method - mechanical method by pumps - membrane method of waterproofing - mixed-in-place method - mock-up methods of design - modular ratio method - moire fringe method - moment area method - moment-distribution method - moment-of-inertia method of designing - mud-jack method - mulch method - near end moment distribution method - neutral-points method - non-destructive testing methods - normal method - packing methods - patented method of construction - penetration method - percussive pneumatic method of riveting - photo-elastic method of stress-determination - photo-elasticity method - pilot method - pilot tunnel method - pin-and-string method - pipe-bridge method - plastic method of design - plastic theory method - polarized light method - portal method of design - pounding method of curing concrete - production line method of construction - qualitative methods - quantitative methods - relaxation method - ring-and-ball method - rolled-on method - safe method of heat insulation - safety methods - sampling method - sand-bearing method of testing clay pipes - sand-island method - scheduling method - seismic method of prospecting - simultaneous construction method - slope deflection method - spatial self-fixation erection method - statistical analysis method - stovepipe pipe-laying method - strain-energy method - successive construction method - surface-coating method of waterproofing - synthetic method of restoration - thixotropic liquid method - tilt-up method - top-heading method - transfiguration method - trial-load method - turnover method - ultimate-strength method - ultrasonic pulse velocity method - void method of proportioning - volume method of concrete mix design - volumetric method - water-jet method of pile-driving - weight method - well-point method of excavation - work method - working stress method of design* * *метод, способ; система; порядок; методика; технология- method of analysis
- method of application
- method of attack
- method of bearing and distances
- method of bipolar coordinates
- method of calculation
- method of design
- method of detail survey
- method of elastic weights
- method of electric needles
- method of expansion into series
- method of fixed points
- method of intersection
- method of joint isolation
- method of least work
- methods of manufacture
- method of minimum strain energy
- method of moment distribution
- method of radiation
- method of redistribution of pressure
- method of sections
- method of steam jet
- methods of structural analysis
- method of successive approximations
- methods of testing
- method of water needles
- accepted method of building
- accepted method of house construction
- accurate method of analysis
- adhesive nail-on method
- admittance method
- advanced methods of concreting
- advance slope method
- aggregate exposure method
- air permeability method
- alternate methods
- American method
- analytical method of determining reactions
- API method of pile design
- approximate method
- approximation method
- area method
- area-moment method
- assembly methods
- Austrian method
- autogenous curing method
- balanced cantilever method
- Belgian method
- Benoto method
- bentonite method
- Billner method
- "bin" method
- boiling water method
- boom placement concreting method
- bricklaying methods
- building method
- building block module method
- cable method of rock stressing
- calculation method
- cantilever method
- Chicago method
- circular-arc method
- Coast-Survey method
- collapse method of structural design
- combined finite strip-finite element method
- compaction methods of clays
- conjugate beam method
- consistency measurement method
- construction methods
- construction and erection methods
- contiguous pile method
- continuous-flight augers method
- continuous-sample method of advance
- convergence method
- critical method
- critical path method
- Cross moment distribution method
- Cross method
- cross-section method
- current design methods
- cut-and-cover method
- dampproofing methods
- displacement method
- displacement method of advance
- dual-rail method
- dummy unit-load method
- dust-spot method
- Dutch cone method
- earth pressure balanced tunneling method
- elastic center method
- elastic weights method
- electric analogy method
- electric resisting method
- energy method
- equal friction method of duct sizing
- equal friction method
- equivalent load method
- erection method
- fast track construction methods
- fatigue test method
- finite difference method
- finite element method
- finite strip method
- flight auger method
- flotation caisson method
- flue loss method
- folded plate method of analysis
- force method
- free cantilever method of construction
- general method of analysis
- Glotzl hydraulic cell method
- Gow method
- Hardy Cross method
- housing appraisal method
- in-duct method
- industrialized methods of construction
- iterative method
- jack method
- jacking method
- lacquer curtain coating method
- laser beam method
- leap-frog method
- limit equilibrium method
- limit state method
- listening methods
- load factor design method
- mandrel method
- mathematical method of design
- matrix method of structural analysis
- maturity method
- measuring method
- mixed-mode method
- mix-in-place method
- modern building methods
- modular ratio method
- moiré fringe method
- moment-balance method
- nondestructive methods of tests
- normal method of quality control
- null method
- numerical method
- one-rail method
- optical square method
- permissible stress method
- phototheodolite method
- plastic methods of structural analysis
- plate count method
- precast concrete manufacturing methods
- pressuremeter method
- proven construction methods
- p-y method of pile design
- rapid test method
- ratio method of balancing
- rebound hammer method
- reference point method
- relaxation method
- reproducible methods
- resistivity method
- resonant-frequency method
- reverberant field method
- Rockwell method of hardness testing
- safe method
- safe working methods
- secant interlocking pile method
- secant pile method
- seismic method of surveying
- seismic reflection method
- seismic refraction method
- semiprobabilistic design method
- shear transfer method
- shock response method of pile testing
- sliding-wedge method
- slope deflection method
- solar radiation method
- sonic method
- special method of quality control
- standard test method
- static regain method of duct sizing
- static regain method
- statistical design method
- step-by-step method
- strength design method
- strength evaluation method
- successive approximations method
- suspended cantilever method
- swamp shooting method
- Tagg method
- tangent modulus method
- test methods
- Theis method
- thixotropic liquid method
- three-point method
- tilt-up method
- time-saving method of construction
- TNO method of analysis
- TNO method of pile testing
- transit and stadia method
- tremie method
- truss analogy method
- turn-of-nut method
- ultrasonic pulse velocity method
- vacuum concrete method of bridge construction
- valveless pulse-jet method
- vane shear method
- velocity reduction method of duct sizing
- velocity reduction method
- vibratory method
- Vickers method of hardness testing
- volume method of measuring aggregates
- warm water method
- water fog spray method
- western bricklaying method
- western method
- working-stress design method -
16 maintenance
[ˈmeɪntənəns]advance payment of maintenance сем.право удержание алиментов building maintenance материально-техническое обеспечение строительства child maintenance сем.право алименты на ребенка child maintenance сем.право денежное пособие на содержание ребенка conservation and maintenance works природоохранные и реставрационные работы corrective maintenance внеплановое техническое обслуживание corrective maintenance вчт. корректирующее сопровождение corrective maintenance техническое обслуживание с устранением неисправностей data maintenance вчт. ведение данных database maintenance вчт. ведение базы данных deferred maintenance отсроченное техническое обслуживание emergency maintenance аварийное обслуживание external maintenance поддержание внешнего вида file maintenance вчт. сопровождение файла machine maintenance техническое обслуживание и ремонт оборудования maintenance алименты maintenance материально-техническое обеспечение maintenance неправомерная поддержка одной из тяжущихся сторон maintenance обслуживание maintenance поддержание maintenance юр. поддержка (одной из тяжущихся сторон в корыстных целях) maintenance поддержка, поддержание, сохранение; содержание, средства к существованию maintenance поддержка, поддержание; сохранение maintenance профилактический осмотр maintenance attr. ремонтный; maintenance crew команда технического обслуживания maintenance содержание; средства к существованию maintenance содержание, средства к существованию, алименты maintenance содержание в исправности maintenance вчт. сопровождение maintenance сохранение maintenance средства к существованию maintenance стоимость содержания maintenance техническое обслуживание, уход (за оборудованием), эксплуатация, ремонт maintenance техническое обслуживание maintenance утверждение maintenance утверждение, заявление maintenance тех. уход, содержание в исправности; текущий ремонт maintenance уход, содержание в исправности maintenance эксплуатационные расходы maintenance тех. эксплуатация; эксплуатационные расходы (включая текущий ремонт) maintenance эксплуатация maintenance attr. ремонтный; maintenance crew команда технического обслуживания maintenance of factory buildings содержание производственных зданий maintenance of family содержание семьи maintenance of order поддержание порядка maintenance of public service obligation выполнение обязательств по коммунальным услугам maintenance of user enthusiasm вчт. поддержание заинтересованности пользователя maintenance of value obligation выполнение валютного обязательства on-call maintenance обслуживание по вызову on-line maintenance вчт. оперативное техническое оборудование operating maintenance вчт. текущее сопровождение preventive maintenance профилактика preventive maintenance профилактический ремонт price maintenance поддержание минимальной цены price: maintenance formation эк. ценообразование; price maintenance эк. установление и поддержание цен price maintenance agreement договор об установлении и поддержании цен program maintenance вчт. сопровождение программы remedial maintenance ремонт resale price maintenance поддержание цены товара при перепродаже road maintenance содержание дорог routine maintenance профилактика routine maintenance профилактическое техническое обслуживание routine maintenance текущее техническое обслуживание separate maintenance содержание, выплачиваемое мужем жене в случае соглашения о раздельном жительстве separate: maintenance отдельный; cut it into four separate parts разрежьте это на четыре части; separate maintenance содержание, назначаемое жене при разводе software maintenance вчт. сопровождение программного обеспечения software product maintenance вчт. сопровождение программного изделия truth maintenance поддержка достоверности unsheduled maintenance внеплановое обслуживание widow maintenance пособие вдове -
17 sewer
- sewer
- n1. подземный канализационный коллектор; трубопровод наружной сети канализации
2. дренажная галерея ( у подошвы верхового откоса земляной плотины)
- branch sewer
- building sewer
- building combined sewer
- building sanitary sewer
- building storm sewer
- combination sewer
- combined building sewer
- connecting sewer
- egg-shaped sewer
- flight sewer
- foul sewer
- house sewer
- intercepting sewer
- lateral sewer
- main sewer
- municipal sewers
- outfall sewer
- public sewer
- relief sewer
- sanitary sewer
- separate sewer
- storm sewer
- storm-overflow sewer
- storm water sewer
- submain sewer
- subsidiary sewer
- trunk sewer
Англо-русский строительный словарь. — М.: Русский Язык. С.Н.Корчемкина, С.К.Кашкина, С.В.Курбатова. 1995.
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18 estate
ɪsˈteɪt сущ.
1) поместье, имение to administer, manage an estate ≈ управлять имением/поместьем to come into an estate ≈ унаследовать
2) имущество personal( real) estate ≈ движимое (недвижимое) имущество His estate was valued at $150,
000. ≈ Его имущество оценивалось в 150 тыс. долларов. estate duty ≈ налог на наследство Syn: property, belongings
3) участок housing estate ≈ жилой массив industrial estate ≈ промышленная зона
4) сословие fourth estate ≈ 'четвертое сословие', 'четвертая власть', пресса Syn: class
5) положение в обществе
6) уст. состояние, положение to suffer in one's estate ≈ тяготиться своим положением man's estate ≈ возмужалость поместье, имение;
земельное владение - rubber * плантация каучуконосов - * agent управляющий имением - * agent агент по продаже недвижимости - to own a landed * иметь( большое) имение, быть крупным землевладельцем - to reside on an * жить (в своем) имении имущество, состояние - personal * движимое имущество - * duty налог на наследство, наследственная пошлина - * for life (юридическое) пожизненное владение имуществом - * in tail (юридическое) (недвижимое) имущество, владелец которого ограничен в праве его отчуждения и распоряжения им на случай смерти - he is heir to a large * он наследник крупного состояния - he left an * of... он оставил состояние в размере... - to administer a deceased's * быть чьим-либо душеприказчиком участок, площадка - industiral * промышленная площадка;
территория завода - housing * район жилой застройки;
группа домов сословие - Third E. (историческое) третье сословие, буржуазия - the fourth * "четвертое сословие", пресса - the *s of the realm сословия королевства (Великобритания) (редкое) положение - man's * совершеннолетие мужчины - the * of matrimony законный брак, состояние в браке - to suffer in one's * тяготиться своим положением (книжное) положение в обществе;
статус;
звание( преим. высокое) - their high * их высокое положение - the * of a clerk in the church духовный сан( историческое) одарить;
пожаловать( имение) administer an ~ вести дело, касающееся собственности administer an ~ слушать дело о наследовании имущества administer an ~ управлять имуществом allodial ~ недв. аллодиальное имущество ancestral ~ имение, перешедшее в собственность от предков ancestral ~ наследственное имение ancestral ~ родовое имение assessed value of real ~ оценка стоимости недвижимости bankrupt ~ имущество несостоятельного должника bankrupt ~ конкурсная масса bankrupt's ~ конкурсная масса bequeathed ~ наследственное имение building ~ строительное имущество cooperative housing ~ район застройки кооперативными домами country ~ загородный дом death ~ наследование decedent ~ имущество покойного decedent's ~ наследство devolved ~ собственность, перешедшая по наследству distribute an ~ распределять имущество divide an ~ производить раздел имущества entailed ~ заповедное имение, урезанная собственность( ограниченная в порядке наследования и отчуждения) entailed ~ заповедное имение entailed ~ заповедное имущество entailed ~ родовое имение entailed ~ урезанная собственность estate вещноправовой интерес ~ вещноправовой титул, право вещного характера, вещноправовой интерес ~ вещноправовой титул ~ земельное владение ~ имение, поместье ~ имение ~ имущество, собственность ~ имущество;
personal (real) estate движимое (недвижимое) имущество ~ имущество ~ уст. положение;
to suffer in one's estate тяготиться своим положением;
man's estate возмужалость ~ поместье ~ право вещного характера ~ собственность ~ сословие;
the fourth estate ирон. "четвертое сословие", пресса ~ сословие ~ состояние ~ accepted with assets and liabilities имущество, принятое с активом и пассивом ~ agent's office контора по продаже недвижимости ~ at will бессрочная аренда ~ at will бессрочное арендное право ~ attr.: ~ agent агент по продаже домов, земельных участков и имений (тж. real estate agent) ~ attr.: ~ agent управляющий имением ~ for years владение имуществом в течение определенного срока ~ in bankruptcy имущество, идущее с молотка ~ in bankruptcy имущество банкрота ~ in fee simple безусловное право собственнности ~ in fee simple неограниченное право собственнности ~ in tail (недвижимое) имущество, владелец которого ограничен в праве его отчуждения и распоряжения им на случай смерти ~ of deceased person имущество покойного ~ of living person имущественные права пережившего family ~ семейное имение family: ~ circle амер. театр. галерка;
балкон;
family estate родовое имение;
family man семейный человек;
домосед ~ сословие;
the fourth estate ирон. "четвертое сословие", пресса freehold ~ недвижимость, находящаяся в свободной собственности gross ~ валовая стоимость имущества hereditary ~ наследственное имение housing ~ район жилой застройки housing: ~ list список кандидатов на право получения квартир в муниципальных домах;
housing estate жилой массив industrial ~ промышленная зона industrial ~ территория, подготовленная для промышленного освоения joint ~ имущественные права в идеальной доле joint ~ совместное имущество, имущественные права в идеальной доле joint ~ совместное имущество landed ~ земельная собственность landed ~ землевладение leasehold ~ вещное право арендатора legal ~ вещноправовой интерес, основанный на общем праве life ~ имущество, находящееся в пожизненном владении life ~ юр. имущество в пожизненном пользовании main ~ основное имущество ~ уст. положение;
to suffer in one's estate тяготиться своим положением;
man's estate возмужалость ~ имущество;
personal (real) estate движимое (недвижимое) имущество real ~ недвижимое имущество real ~ недвижимость real ~ encumbrance закладная на недвижимость reassume an ~ возвращать право на имущество residuary ~ незавещанная часть наследства residuary ~ очищенное от долгов наследственное имущество separate ~ обособленное имущество separate ~ отдельное имущество separate ~ разделенное имущество ~ уст. положение;
to suffer in one's estate тяготиться своим положением;
man's estate возмужалость taxable ~ облагаемое налогом имущество trust ~ имущество, являющееся предметом доверительной собственности trust ~ имущество, управляемое по доверенности trust ~ права бенефициария trust ~ права доверительного собственника undistributed ~ неразделенное имущество undivided ~ неразделенное имущество -
19 estate
[ɪsˈteɪt]administer an estate вести дело, касающееся собственности administer an estate слушать дело о наследовании имущества administer an estate управлять имуществом allodial estate недв. аллодиальное имущество ancestral estate имение, перешедшее в собственность от предков ancestral estate наследственное имение ancestral estate родовое имение assessed value of real estate оценка стоимости недвижимости bankrupt estate имущество несостоятельного должника bankrupt estate конкурсная масса bankrupt's estate конкурсная масса bequeathed estate наследственное имение building estate строительное имущество cooperative housing estate район застройки кооперативными домами country estate загородный дом death estate наследование decedent estate имущество покойного decedent's estate наследство devolved estate собственность, перешедшая по наследству distribute an estate распределять имущество divide an estate производить раздел имущества entailed estate заповедное имение, урезанная собственность (ограниченная в порядке наследования и отчуждения) entailed estate заповедное имение entailed estate заповедное имущество entailed estate родовое имение entailed estate урезанная собственность estate вещноправовой интерес estate вещноправовой титул, право вещного характера, вещноправовой интерес estate вещноправовой титул estate земельное владение estate имение, поместье estate имение estate имущество, собственность estate имущество; personal (real) estate движимое (недвижимое) имущество estate имущество estate уст. положение; to suffer in one's estate тяготиться своим положением; man's estate возмужалость estate поместье estate право вещного характера estate собственность estate сословие; the fourth estate ирон. "четвертое сословие", пресса estate сословие estate состояние estate accepted with assets and liabilities имущество, принятое с активом и пассивом estate agent's office контора по продаже недвижимости estate at will бессрочная аренда estate at will бессрочное арендное право estate attr.: estate agent агент по продаже домов, земельных участков и имений (тж. real estate agent) estate attr.: estate agent управляющий имением estate for years владение имуществом в течение определенного срока estate in bankruptcy имущество, идущее с молотка estate in bankruptcy имущество банкрота estate in fee simple безусловное право собственнности estate in fee simple неограниченное право собственнности estate in tail (недвижимое) имущество, владелец которого ограничен в праве его отчуждения и распоряжения им на случай смерти estate of deceased person имущество покойного estate of living person имущественные права пережившего family estate семейное имение family: estate circle амер. театр. галерка; балкон; family estate родовое имение; family man семейный человек; домосед estate сословие; the fourth estate ирон. "четвертое сословие", пресса freehold estate недвижимость, находящаяся в свободной собственности gross estate валовая стоимость имущества hereditary estate наследственное имение housing estate район жилой застройки housing: estate list список кандидатов на право получения квартир в муниципальных домах; housing estate жилой массив industrial estate промышленная зона industrial estate территория, подготовленная для промышленного освоения joint estate имущественные права в идеальной доле joint estate совместное имущество, имущественные права в идеальной доле joint estate совместное имущество landed estate земельная собственность landed estate землевладение leasehold estate вещное право арендатора legal estate вещноправовой интерес, основанный на общем праве life estate имущество, находящееся в пожизненном владении life estate юр. имущество в пожизненном пользовании main estate основное имущество estate уст. положение; to suffer in one's estate тяготиться своим положением; man's estate возмужалость estate имущество; personal (real) estate движимое (недвижимое) имущество real estate недвижимое имущество real estate недвижимость real estate encumbrance закладная на недвижимость reassume an estate возвращать право на имущество residuary estate незавещанная часть наследства residuary estate очищенное от долгов наследственное имущество separate estate обособленное имущество separate estate отдельное имущество separate estate разделенное имущество estate уст. положение; to suffer in one's estate тяготиться своим положением; man's estate возмужалость taxable estate облагаемое налогом имущество trust estate имущество, являющееся предметом доверительной собственности trust estate имущество, управляемое по доверенности trust estate права бенефициария trust estate права доверительного собственника undistributed estate неразделенное имущество undivided estate неразделенное имущество -
20 company
bulk petrol (transport) company — Бр. рота подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего
Commando (oil gas extraction area) company — рота охраны и защиты (нефтегазовых промыслов), рота «команчо»
field company, RE — Бр. саперная рота
field survey company, RE — Бр. полевая топографическая рота инженерных войск
HQ company, US Army — штабная рота штаба СВ США
long-range (reconnaissance) patrol company — рота дальней [глубинной] разведки
special boat company, Royal Marines — Бр. особая [отдельная] рота десантных катеров МП
— AG's company— airborne infantry company— air-mission company light— commandos company— Rangers company— smoke generator company
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