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1 Cacoethes scribendi
• An insatiable urge to write. (Juvenal) -
2 Insanabile cacoethes scribendi
• An incurable passion to write. (Juvenal)Latin Quotes (Latin to English) > Insanabile cacoethes scribendi
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3 studium
stŭdĭum, ii, n. [studeo], a busying one's self about or application to a thing; assiduity, zeal, eagerness, fondness, inclination, desire, exertion, endeavor, study: stu [p. 1769] dium est animi assidua et vehemens ad aliquam rem applicata magnā cum voluntate occupatio, ut philosophiae, poëticae, geometriae, litterarum, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36.—I.In gen.(α).Absol., Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 900 P. (Praecepta, v. 4 Vahl.):(β).tantum studium tamque multam operam in aliquā re ponere,
Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 1:aliquid curare studio maximo,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 45:aliquem retrahere ab studio,
Ter. Phorm. prol. 2; cf. id. ib. 18:studium semper assit, cunctatio absit,
Cic. Lael. 13, 44:aliquid summo studio curāque discere,
id. Fam. 4, 3, 3; so (with cura, industria, labor, diligentia, etc.) id. ib. 2, 6, 3;10, 1, 3: alacritate ac studio uti,
Caes. B. G. 4, 24:studio incendi,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:suo quisque studio maxime ducitur,
id. Fin. 5, 2, 5; cf.:quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; Sall. C. 3, 3:sunt pueritiae certa studia, sunt ineuntis adulescentiae... sunt extrema quaedam studia senectutis,
Cic. Sen. 20, 76 et saep.:non studio accusare sed officio defendere,
with zeal, from inclination, id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91; cf.:laedere gaudes, et hoc studio pravus facis,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 79.—In late Lat. studio often means simply voluntarily, on purpose, intentionally:non studio sed fortuitu,
Dig. 40, 5, 13.—With gen.: studiumque iteris reprime, Att. ap. Non. 485, 8 (Trag. Rel. v. 627 Rib.):(γ).in pugnae studio quod dedita mens est,
Lucr. 3, 647:Carthaginienses ad studium fallendi studio quaestus vocabantur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 95:efferor studio patres vestros videndi,
id. Sen. 23, 83:quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid atque discendi?
id. Lael. 27, 104; so,discendi,
id. Rep. 1, 8, 13; 1, 22, 36 al.:doctrinae,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 46; id. Balb. 1, 3:dicendi,
id. de Or. 2, 1, 1:scribendi,
id. Arch. 3, 4:nandi,
Tac. H. 4, 12:scribendi,
Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 5: vitae studium, way of life, Afran. ap. Non. 498, 15:studium armorum a manibus ad oculos translatum,
Plin. Pan. 13, 5.—With ad (usu. to avoid multiplying genitives):II.ea res studia hominum adcendit ad consulatum mandandum Ciceroni,
Sall. C. 23, 5:studium ad frugalitatem multitudines provocavit,
Just. 20, 4, 7.—In partic.A.Zeal for any one; good-will, affection, attachment, devotion, favor, kindness, etc. (cf.:B.officium, favor): tibi profiteor atque polliceor eximium et singulare meum studium in omni genere officii,
Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:studium et favor,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 29; Suet. Vit. 15:studio ac suffragio suo viam sibi ad beneficium impetrandum munire,
Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:Pompeius significat studium erga me non mediocre,
id. Att. 2, 19, 4:suum infelix erga populum Romanum studium,
Liv. 3, 56, 9; cf.:omne suum erga meam dignitatem studium,
Cic. Dom. 56, 142:studium in aliquem habere,
id. Inv. 2, 34, 104:Gaditani ab omni studio sensuque Poenorum mentes suas ad nostrum imperium nomenque flexerunt,
id. Balb. 17, 39:studium suum in rempublicam,
Sall. C. 49, 5:studium in populum Romanum,
Tac. A. 4, 55:studiis odiisque carens,
Luc. 2, 377:putabatur et Marius studia volgi amissurus,
Sall. J. 84, 3:aliquid studio partium facere,
party spirit, partisanship, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 35:for which simply studium: quo minus cupiditatis ac studii visa est oratio habere, eo plus auctoritatis habuit,
Liv. 24, 28:senatus, in quo ipso erant studia,
party efforts, Tac. A. 14, 42:ultio senatum in studia diduxerat,
id. H. 4, 6.—Application to learning or studying, study; in the plur., studies (very freq.; also in Cic.; cf.:2.studeo and studiosus): pabulum studii atque doctrinae,
Cic. Sen. 14, 49:(eum) non solum naturā et moribus, verum etiam studio et doctrinā esse sapientem,
id. Lael. 2, 6:semper mihi et doctrina et eruditi homines et tua ista studia placuerunt,
id. Rep. 1, 17, 29:studia exercere,
id. Fam. 9, 8, 2:studia Graecorum,
id. Rep. 1, 18, 30:illum se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis dedisse,
id. ib. 1, 10, 16:relinque te studiis,
Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 7:studia ad voluptatem exercere,
id. ib. 6, 8, 6:famam ex studiis petere,
id. ib. 6, 11, 3; Tac. A. 16, 4; Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 18 (36), 1: studia graviora iracundis omittenda sunt, id. Ira, 3, 9, 1; cf.:studiis annos septem dedit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 82:si non Intendes animum studiis,
id. ib. 1, 2, 36: o seri studiorum! i. e. opsimatheis, id. S. 1, 10, 21.—Hence,Transf.(α).The fruits of study, works (post-class.):(β).flagitante vulgo ut omnia sua studia publicaret,
Tac. A. 16, 4.—A place for study, a study, school (late Lat.):philosophum (se egit) in omnibus studiis, templis, locis,
Capitol. M. Aurel. 26; Cod. Th. 14, 9, 3. -
4 amor
amor ōris, m [AM-], love, affection, strong friendly feeling: amor, ex quo amicitia nominata: amor erga me: amores hominum in te: patrius, for a son, V.: fraternus, for a brother, Cs.—Esp. of sexual love: in amore haec sunt vitia, T.: ancillae, H.— Plur, love-adventures: Solis, O.—Fig., an eager desire, passion: consulatūs amor: amicitiae: vini, L.: auri, V.: habendi, V.: scribendi, H.: tantus amor casūs cognoscere nostros, V.: in longum ducis amores, my desire (for a song), V.— Meton., mostly plur, a beloved object, one's love: Pompeius nostri amores: suos addicere amores, O.: primus, my first husband, V.— A charm to excite love: matri praereptus amor, V.—Person.: Amor, the god of love, Love, Cupid: Paret Amor dictis, V.— Plur, Cupids, Loves: nudi, O.: lascivi, H.* * *love, affection; the beloved; Cupid; affair; sexual/illicit/homosexual passion -
5 cacoēthes
cacoēthes is, n, κακόητηεσ, a bad habit, bad condition: scribendi, an incurable passion, Iu.* * *malignant/obstinate tumor/disease; flaw/disease of character, passion -
6 caleō
caleō uī, —, ēre (P. fut. calitūrus, O.) [3 CAL-], to be warm, be hot, glow: ut calere ignem: terrae sole calentes, H.: ture calent arae, V.: ignibus arae, O.: sole calente, Tb.: spoliant calentia membra, while still warm, V.: febre, Iu. — Fig., to glow, be roused, be warmed, be inflamed: inridendo calebat: ab recenti pugnā, L.: feminā, to become enamoured of, H.: scribendi studio, H.: dum animi spe calerent, Cu.: desiderio Coniugis abrepti, O. — To be troubled, perplexed: te istic iam calere puto: alio mentis morbo, to labor under, H.: cales venenis officina, fume (like) a laboratory, H.—To be driven hotly, be urged on zealously: iudicia calent: satis calere res Rubrio visa est, i. e. ripened: Veneris bella calent, rage, Tb.* * *calere, calui, - V INTRANSbe/feel/be kept warm; be hot with passion/inflamed/active/driven hotly/urged -
7 cōn-ferō
cōn-ferō contulī, conlātus (coll-), cōnferre. I. To bring together, collect, gather, unite, join: ligna circa casam, N.: undique conlatis membris, H.: signis in unum locum conlatis, Cs.: dentes in corpore, join, O.: capita, lay heads together: gradum, to walk together, V.—To pay in, contribute: aes, O.: alqd in tuam statuam: aurum in publicum, L.: munera ei, N.: tributa quotannis: (pecuniam) ad statuam: ad honorem tuum pecunias: sextantes in capita, L.—To bring together, match, set in opposition, oppose, set together: cum Fonteio ferrum ac manus contulerunt: conlatis signis exercitūs superare: arma cum aliquo, N.: castra cum hoste, L.: castris Scipionis castra conlata habere, Cs.: pedem cum pede, to fight foot to foot, L.: pede conlato, L.: non possum magis pedem conferre (in court): gradum, L.: pectora luctantia nexu pectoribus, O.: manum Aeneae, V.: inter sese certamina belli, V.: conlato Marte, O.: mecum confer, ait, fight with me, O.: lites, to quarrel, H.—Fig., to bring together in thought, compare, contrast: conferte Verrem: si conferendum exemplumst, cited, T.: faciem moresque duarum, O.: nec quisquam iuventutis conferri potuit, L.: omnia summā diligentiā conlata sunt: hanc pacem cum illo bello: cum Dracone nostras leges: cum illo te dominandi cupiditate: vitam inter se utriusque, pārva magnis: nil iucundo amico, H.—To consult, confer, consider, deliberate, talk over: alqd coram: cum aliquo sermones, unite in: consilia ad adulescentīs, advise with, T.: iniurias, t<*> counsel on, Ta.: inter nos, quid finis: quid ammorum Hispanis esset, L.—To compress, abridge, condense, sum up, make brief: Academiam in quattuor (libros): ut in pauca conferam: sua verba in duos versūs, O.—To join in moving, propose unitedly: cur enim non confertis, ne sit, etc., L.— II. To bear, carry, convey, direct, take, bring: copias in provinciam: quos eodem audita clades contulerat, L.—With se, to betake oneself, turn, have recourse: quo me miser conferam?: se suaque omnia in oppidum, Cs.: quo se fusa acies, L.: se in fugam<*> me in gregem sicariorum, join.—Fig., to change, transform, turn, metamorphose: aliquem in saxum, O.: corpus in albam volucrem, O. — To bring, turn, direct: verba si ad rem conferentur, be changed for deeds, T.: suspitionem in Capitonem.—With se, to devote oneself, apply, engage: me ad pontificem: se ad studium scribendi: se in salutem rei p.—To devote, apply, employ, direct, confer, bestow upon, give, lend, grant, transfer: cum maxima munera ei ab regibus conferrentur, N.: fructum alio, T.: tempus ad oblivionem belli: orationem ad misericordiam: curas in rem p.: pecuniam in rei p. tempus, for some service: fructum ingeni in proximum quemque: Quid damnatio confert? avail, Iu.—To refer, ascribe, attribute, impute, assign, throw blame, lay to the charge of: species istas hominum in deos: mortis illius invidiam in L. Flaccum: culpam in me, T.: in alterum causam, throw the blame, L.—To transfer, assign, refer, put off, defer, postpone: expugnationem in hunc annum, L.: omnia in mensem Martium: alqd in longiorem diem, Cs.: eo omnem belli rationem conferre, to transfer, Cs. -
8 fīnis
fīnis is, m (often f in sing., C., V., H., O.) [2 FID-], that which divides, a boundary, limit, border: loci: imperi, S.: haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris, L.: arbiter Nolanis de finibus: inter eos finīs, quos feci, L.— A mark, starting-point, goal: finibus omnes Prosiluere suis, V.: trans finem iaculo expedito, H.: Solus superest in fine, at the goal, V.— Borders, territory, land, country: iter in Santonum finīs facere, Cs.: his finibus eiectus sum, S.: alienos populari finīs, L.: Atlanteus, the remote land of Atlas, H.—Abl. with gen, up to, as far as: matres pectoris fine prominentes, Cs.: Fine genūs succincta, O.—Fig., a limit, bound: ingeni sui fines: finem aequitatis transire: finem potentia caeli Non habet, O.: sunt certi denique fines, H.: intra Naturae finīs vivere, H.— An end, termination, close, conclusion, period, stop: finem iniuriis facturus, Cs.: orandi finem face, T.: scribendi: vitae: orationi finem facere: operum, H.: Imperium sine fine, everlasting, V.: Poscens sine fine Oscula, O.: usque ad eum finem, dum, etc., until the time when: quem ad finem sese iactabit audacia? till when?: quem ad finem? how long? —An end, death: invidiam supremo fine domari, H.: quem tibi Finem di dederint, H.— An end, extremity, highest point, greatest degree, summit: omnia: fines bonorum et malorum, i. e. supreme good and evil: honorum: aequi iuris, Ta.— An end, purpose, aim, object: domūs finis est usus: Quae finis standi? V.* * *boundary, end, limit, goal; (pl.) country, territory, land -
9 fōns
fōns fontis, m [FV-], a spring, fountain, well, source: aquae dulcis: rivorum a fonte deductio: qui fontes aestibus exarescebant, Cs.: locus fontibus abundans: fontium qui celat origines, Nilus, H.: Vini, H.: Timavi, V.: fontemque ignemque ferre, spring water, V.— A mineral spring, healing waters: fontes Clusini, H.—Fig., a fountain-head, source, origin, cause: aequitatis: movendi: Scribendi recte sapere est fons, H.: ab illo fonte et capite Socrate: maeroris: is fons mali huiusce fuit, L.: Pindarici fontis haustūs, i. e. Pindar's verse, H.—Person., as a deity, C.* * *spring, fountain; source; principal cause -
10 frēnō or fraenō
frēnō or fraenō āvī, ātus, āre [frenum], to furnish with a bridle, curb, bridle: equos, V.: equi frenato est auris in ore, H.: ora cervi capistris, O.: Frenato delphine sedens Thetis, O.— To bridle, curb, restrain, check: ventos, V.: cum hiems glacie cursūs frenaret aquarum, V.—Fig., to bridle, curb, check, restrain, govern: furores legibus: impetum (scribendi), Ph.: Iustitiā gentīs, V.: timore frenari, quo minus, etc., L. -
11 īn-sānābilis
īn-sānābilis e, adj. with comp, not to be healed, incurable: morbus.—Fig., irretrievable, without remedy, hopeless: contumeliae: nihil insanabilius, L.: caput tribus Anticyris, H.: scribendi cacoethes, Iu. -
12 intercapēdō
intercapēdō īnis, f [intercapio], an interruption, interval, respite: scribendi.* * *intermission; interruption, continuity break; interval/pause/delay/respite; gap -
13 līber
līber era, erum, adj. with comp. and sup. [LIB-], free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unembarrassed, unshackled: ad scribendi licentiam: integro animo ac libero causam defendere, unbiassed: liberi ad causas solutique veniebant, under no obligations: vox, L.: libera Verba animi proferre, Iu.: tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera: liberum est alcui non adesse, he is free: libero, quid firmaret ( abl absol.), i. e. with full power to ratify, Ta.: mandata, unlimited authority, L.: faenus, unrestricted, L.: custodia, i. e. surveillance without imprisonment, L.: in liberis custodiis haberi, S.: suffragia, the right of voting freely, Iu.: aedes, free quarters (for ambassadors in Rome), L.: lectulus, i. e. single: toga, i. e. a man's, O.: liberas fruges ferre, i. e. spontaneous, H.: agri, untaxed: neque Turno mora libera mortis, i. e. nor is he free to delay death, V.: vina, freeing from care, H.: hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.: pöeta, verborum licentiā liberior. liberiores litterae: amicitia, more unrestrained: (flumina) Liberioris aquae, less impeded, O.: (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat, more open, O.: liberrime Lolli, most frank, H.: indignatio, most outspoken, H.: ab omni sumptu, exempt: (consul) a deliciis, uninfluenced: ab observando homine perverso, i. e. from all regard for, etc.: animus a partibus rei p., S.: animus omni curā, free: animus religione, L.: (equus) liber habenis, V.: liber laborum, H.— Free, not subject, not slave: neque vendendam censes Quae liberast, T.: dis habeo gratiam Quom aliquot adfuerunt liberae (as competent to testify), T.: populus: (civitates) liberae atque inmunes, free from service, L.: Roma, Iu.: Devota morti pectora libera, i. e. delivering from servitude, H.—As subst m.: (adsentatio) ne libero quidem digna, a freeman.—As subst n.: libera meliore iure sunt quam serva, i. e. the law is on the side of freedom.—Unbridled, unchecked, free, unrestrained, licentious: adulescens, T.: sit adulescentia liberior, somewhat freer: libero mendacio abuti, L.* * *Ilibera -um, liberior -or -us, liberrimus -a -um ADJfree (man); unimpeded; void of; independent, outspoken/frank; licentious; idleIIchildren (pl.); (sg. VOC) childIIIbook, volume; inner bark of a tree -
14 libet or lubet
libet or lubet libuit or libitum est, ēre, impers. [LIB-], it pleases, is pleasing, is agreeable: age, age, ut lubet, T.: Ut lubet, as you will, T.: adde, si libet, velocitatem: faciat quidlubet, T.: siquid lubet, T.: efficere, ut id non liberet quod non oporteret: Scribendi, quodcumque animo flagrante liberet, Simplicitas, Iu.: cui persuasi, mihi id non libēre: sin poterit id quod libet: ipsam despoliare non lubet, T.: quid exspectem non lubet augurari: libet expectare quis impendat, etc., I should like to see who, etc., Iu.: non libet mihi deplorare vitam: Insanire libet quoniam tibi, V. -
15 mātūrus
mātūrus adj. with comp. mātūrior, and sup. mātūrissimus, or mātūrrimus, ripe, mature: poma: uva, V.: seges messi, ripe for harvesting, L.—As subst n.: quod maturi erat, all the ripe (corn), L. —Ripe, mature, of age, proper, fit, seasonable, timely: virgo, H.: infans, O.: aetas, of manhood, V.: omnia matura sunt, ready to be seized, S.: animi, of ripe judgment, V.: aevi, of mature years, V.: animo et aevo, O.: tempus, seasonable: scribendi tempus maturius: mihi ad Nonas bene maturum videtur fore, just at the right time: filia matura viro, marriageable, V.: (progenies) militiae, L.: vitulus templis maturus et arae, old enough for sacrifice, Iu.—Of mature years, advanced in life: se maturum oppetere mortem: senex, H.—Of full strength: soles, V.: maturae mala nequitiae, fullgrown depravity, Iu.—That takes place early, early, speedy: hiemes, Cs.: aetas maturissima, Her.: honores, O.: iudicium, quick: robur maturrimum, Ta.: ego sum maturior illo, was there earlier, O.: Maturior vis, i. e. premature death, H.* * *matura -um, maturior -or -us, maturissimus -a -um ADJearly, speedy; ripe; mature, mellow; timely, seasonable -
16 mīlitia
mīlitia ae, f [miles], military service, warfare, war: cogere ad militiam eos, S.: cedat otium militiae: militiam discere, S.: ferre, H.: tolerare, V.: detrectare, O.: militiae vacatio, exemption from military service, Cs.: fraterna, civil war, Tb.: Militiā tali lacessere Teucros, V.: piae Pars sis militiae, share in, O.: militiae honorem, military honors, Iu.: militiā, in war (opp. togā), Iu.: militiae, in war, in the army.—In phrases with domi, at home and abroad, at home and in the army: virtus domi militiaeque cognita: militiae domique, L.: militiae et domi, T.— The soldiery, military: Hic pars militiae, O.: magister militiae, general, L.— A service, laborious employment: urbana respondendi, scribendi, etc.: Haec mea militia est, O.* * *military service; campaign -
17 piger
piger gra, grum, adj. with comp. pigrior, and sup. pigerrimus [PAC-], unwilling, reluctant, averse, backward: gens pigerrima ad militaria opera, L.: pigriores ad cetera munia exequenda, Cu.— Slow, dull, lazy, indolent, sluggish, inactive: senectus, O.: (apes) frigore, V.: taurus ipsā mole, Iu.: mare, sluggish, Ta.: annus, H.: bellum, tedious, O.: campus, unfruitful, H.: sopor, benumbing, Ct.: frigus, Tb.: dolabra, lazily handled, Iu.: in re militari: militiae, H.: scribendi ferre laborem, H. — Dull, unfeeling: pigro perire situ, O.* * *pigra, pigrum ADJlazy, slow, dull -
18 prīncipium
prīncipium ī, n [princeps], a beginning, commencement, origin: origo principi nulla est: motūs: principio orationis hoc pono, in beginning my speech: omnium rerum magnarum ab dis inmortalibus principia ducuntur: Scribendi recte sapere est principium, H.: Ab Iove principium, V.: imperi, L.: a sanguine Teucri Ducere principium, O.— Abl adverb., at the beginning, in the beginning, at first, in the first place: Principio vementer velim, etc., T.: principio ausus est dicere: Principio... tum, V.—In the phrase, a principio (rarely de principio), from the beginning, from the first: ut a principio dixi: de principio studuit occurrere, etc.— Plur, beginnings, foundations, principles, elements: diligenter explorata principia ponantur: naturalia: principia rerum, e quibus omnia constant, elements.—Prov.: obsta principiis, O.— That which begins, a leader, founder: Faucia curia fuit principium, i. e. was the first to vote, L.: Graecia principium moris fuit, O.—In the army, plur, the foremost ranks, front lines of soldiers, front, van: ero post principia, in the rear, T.: Marium post principia habere, S.: post principia tutus receptus fuit, to the rear, L.—In a camp, the headquarters, principal place, general's quarters (an open space, for councils and assemblies): iura reddere in principiis, L.: in principiis statuit tabernaculum, N.* * * -
19 scrībō
scrībō scrīpsī, scrīptus, ere [SCARP-], to scratch, grave, engrave, draw: quamque lineam: columna litteris scripta, inscribed, Cu.: scripto radiat Germanicus auro, Iu.: mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis, graven, T.— To write: cum HS XXX scripta essent pro HS CCC: erat scriptum ipsius manu: suā manu scripsit, L.: Scripta ‘soror’ fuerat, O.— To write, write out, compose, draw up, produce: quo nemo in scribendo praestantior fuit: ad scribendum animum appulit, T.: Sumite materiem vestris, qui scribitis, aequam Viribus, H.: Denique nec video de tot scribentibus unum, O.: Graecam historiam: librum de rebus rusticis: in Catone Maiore, qui est scriptus ad te de senectute: defensionem causae suae: notas, O.: carmina, H.: epistulis tuis perdiligenter scriptis: litteras, quas ad Pompeium scripsi, tibi misi.— To draw up, draught, formulate, prepare, execute: urbana militia respondendi scribendi, i. e. of drawing legal instruments: testamenta: leges: senatūs consulto scribendo Lamiam adfuisse, i. e. to have been a party to, etc.: ponor ad scribendum, i. e. my signature is added: ad scribendum amicitiae foedus adduci, to conclude, L.— To write, write of, describe, tell in writing: scriptam attulerat sententiam: tibi formam et situm agri, describe, H.: bellum, L.: Quis Martem Digne scripserit, who could depict, H.: cum auctor pugnae se Cossum consulem scripserit, called himself (in the inscription), L.: Scriberis Vario fortis et hostium Victor, H.— To write, communicate, say in writing, tell in a letter: tu si, ut scribis, Kal. Iun. Romā profectus es, etc.: nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam, scribo tamen, non ut te delectem, etc.: consules Fulvio, ut exercitum ad Clusium admoveant, scribunt, L.: erat scriptum ipsius manu senatui, sese, etc.: scripsit ut heredes iurarent, etc.: Scipioni scribendum, ne bellum remitteret, L.: scribit Labieno, ad finīs Nerviorum veniat, Cs.: Romae quod scribis sileri, ita putabam: Graeceius ad me scripsit, C. Cassium sibi scripsisse, homines comparari, qui, etc.: erat scriptum, sese facturum esse, etc.: nec scribis, quam ad diem te exspectemus: scribe ad nos, quid agas.— Of troops, to enlist, enroll, levy, recruit, draft: milites, S.: exercitui supplementum, S.: scribebantur quattuor fere legiones quinis milibus peditum, L.: Albam in Aequos sex milia colonorum scripta, enrolled to be sent, L.: Scribe tui gregis hunc, enroll him in your retinue, H.— To name in a will, appoint by testament, designate, constitute: illum heredem et me scripserat: in testamento Ptolemaei patris heredes erant scripti, etc., Cs.: quis pauper scribitur heres? Iu.: illum tutorem liberis suis, appoint guardian by will.—To order a payment, draw a check for: Scribe decem a Nerio, draw on Nerius for ten (thousand sesterces), H.* * *scribere, scripsi, scriptus Vwrite; compose -
20 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.
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