rolling-and-forging

- overhead way machine

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

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He was the son of Francis Barber, coalmaster of Greasley, and Elizabeth Fletcher. In his will of 1765. his uncle, John Fletcher, left the bulk of his property, including collieries and Stainsby House, Horsley Woodhouse, Derbyshire, to John Barber. Another uncle, Robert, bequeathed him property in the next village, Smalley. It is clear that at this time John Barber was a man of considerable means. On a tablet erected by John in 1767, he acknowledges his debt to his uncle John in the words "in remembrance of the man who trained him up from a youth". At this time John Barber was living at Stainsby House and had already been granted his first patent, in 1766. The contents of this patent, which included a reversible water turbine, and his subsequent patents, suggest that he was very familiar with mining equipment, including the Newcomen engine. It comes as rather a surprise that c.1784 he became bankrupt and had to leave Stainsby House, evidently moving to Attleborough. In a strange twist, a descendent of Mr Sitwell, the new owner, bought the prototype Akroyd Stuart oil engine from the Doncaster Show in 1891.

The second and fifth (final) patents, in 1773 and 1792, were concerned with smelting and the third, in 1776, featured a boiler-mounted impulse steam turbine. The fourth and most important patent, in 1791, describes and engine that could be applied to the "grinding of corn, flints, etc.", "rolling, slitting, forging or battering iron and other metals", "turning of mills for spinning", "turning up coals and other minerals from mines", and "stamping of ores, raising water". Further, and importantly, the directing of the fluid stream into smelting furnaces or at the stern of ships to propel them is mentioned. The engine described comprised two retorts for heating coal or oil to produce an inflammable gas, one to operate while the other was cleansed and recharged. The resultant gas, together with the right amount of air, passed to a beam-operated pump and a water-cooled combustion chamber, and then to a water-cooled nozzle to an impulse gas turbine, which drove the pumps and provided the output. A clear description of the thermodynamic sequence known as the Joule Cycle (Brayton in the USA) is thus given. Further, the method of gas production predates Murdoch's lighting of the Soho foundry by gas.

It seems unlikely that John Barber was able to get his engine to work; indeed, it was well over a hundred years before a continuous combustion chamber was achieved. However, the details of the specification, for example the use of cooling water jackets and injection, suggest that considerable experimentation had taken place.

To be active in the taking out of patents over a period of 26 years is remarkable; that the best came after bankruptcy is more so. There is nothing to suggest that the cost of his experiments was the cause of his financial troubles.

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1) ролик; валик; барабан; каток; валец

2) рулон || сворачивать в рулон, скатывать в рулон || рулонный

3) наплыв ( дефект сварного шва)

4) перекат ( одной детали относительно другой)

5) качение; вращение

6) прокатывать

7) вальцевать

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- aggressive contact roll

1) машина; механизм; станок; агрегат

2) машинка; устройство; аппарат

3) машинный; станочный

4) обрабатывать механически; обрабатывать резанием

5) механизировать

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- abrasive cutting machine

- abstract machine

- agitator machine

- air refrigerating machine

- ammonia refrigerating machine

- arm pickling machine

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- augering machine

- automatic answering machine

- automatic machine

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- blue-printing machine

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- bottle filling machine

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- connected machine

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- die-cutting machine

- die-forging machine

- die-making machine

- direct-driven machine

- discharging machine

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- end soldering machine

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- film overwrapping machine

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- heuristic machine

- hole drilling machine

- honing machine

- hot die-forging machine

- hulling machine

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- ideal machine

- identity-reset machine

- impeller machine

- inference machine

- influence machine

- in-line transfer machine

- integrated machine

- intelligent machine

- irrigating machine

- jet machine

- jig dyeing machine

- jigging machine

- jointing machine

- juicing machine

- kitchen machine

- kneading machine

- knee-type milling machine

- knitting machine

- knotting machine

- knurling machine

- labeling machine

- ladder-type trenching machine

- lasting machine

- layered machine

- learning machine

- letter-setting machine

- letter-sorting machine

- levelling machine

- lime-slaking machine

- linear machine

- local machine

- logic machine

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- loop-forming sinker web machine

- lopping machine

- lossless machine

- low-ground charing machine

- machine-building machine

- mathematical machine

- maze-solving machine

- meat emulsifying machine

- memory machine

- microfinishing machine

- milling machine

- minimal machine

- mining machine

- mixed-flow machine

- mold cleaning machine

- multidimensional machine

- multihead machine

- multipacking machine

- multiple-arc welding machine

- multiple-tape machine

- multi-purpose shearing machine

- nonerasing machine

- numbering machine

- nut-cutting machine

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- one-sided machine

- opening and lap-forming machine

- oracle machine

- ore sintering machine

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- paper-cutting machine

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- parallel planing machine

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- peeling machine

- pelt fleshing machine

- penny-matching machine

- percussion riveting machine

- permutation machine

- pipe welding machine

- pipe-bending machine

- pipe-cutting machine

- pipe-molding machine

- pipe-swabbing machine

- pipe-threading machine

- pipette rinsing machine

- pipe-welding machine

- piston filling machine

- pitching machine

- pitting machine

- plane machine

- planing machine

- planting machine

- plate bending machine

- plating machine

- plunger-type leveling machine

- positive-displacement machine

- pressure-dyeing machine

- probabilistic machine

- program-controlled machine

- pseudostochastic machine

- pulling machine

- pulling-over machine

- pulping machine

- pulsator dyeing machine

- pulverizing machine

- punching machine

- pure culture machine

- putting out machine

- quadric machine

- quick-freezing machine

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- raschel machine

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- real machine

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- reel dying machine

- relieving machine

- resonant vibration machine

- ribbon lap machine

- rice-hulling machine

- riffling machine

- riveting machine

- road-building machine

- roasting machine

- rock-boring machine

- rock-cutting machine

- roll slitting machine

- roller-bending machine

- rolling-quench machine

- roof drilling machine

- rope-twisting machine

- rotary capping machine

- rotary cross-cutting machine

- rotary-swaging machine

- rotary-table milling machine

- rounding machine

- routing machine

- ruling machine

- sack beating machine

- sampling machine

- sandblast machine

- sand-throwing machine molding

- sawing machine

- scarfing machine

- scouring machine

- screw-cutting machine

- screw-type waashing machine

- scudding machine

- sealing-exhausting machine

- sealing-in machine

- seamless hosiery machine

- seed-treating machine

- self-describing machine

- self-improving machine

- self-reproducing machine

- semi-automatic casing-in machine

- semi-automatic machine

- semi-automatic milling machine

- semigroup machine

- sequential machine

- series machine

- shake-out machine

- shaving machine

- shearing machine

- sheet-fed machine

- sheet-forming machine

- sheeting machine

- sheet-straightening machine

- shock-and-vibration machine

- shock-free vibration machine

- shot-blasting machine

- shucking machine

- singeing machine

- single-impeller machine

- single-operator welding machine

- single-scutcher machine

- single-tape machine

- skidding machine

- skinning machine

- slicing machine

- sliming machine

- slotting machine

- slug-casting machine

- snow removal machine

- soap milling machine

- sounding machine

- spindle winding machine

- splint-chopping machine

- splint-levelling machine

- splitting machine

- spot-welding machine

- spray developing machine

- spreading machine

- spring testing machine

- sprinkling machine

- squeeze molding machine

- squeezing machine

- stable hole machine

- staking machine

- stamping machine

- statistical machine

- step-and-repeat machine

- step-by-step action machine

- stitching machine

- stoning machine

- storage-battery welding machine

- stretching machine

- striking-out machine

- strip-welding machine

- strongly connected machine

- stuffing machine

- switch machine

- syllogism machine

- syrup crystallizing machine

- tape sizing machine

- taping machine

- teaching machine

- tearing machine

- tensiel-testing machine

- test-grading machine

- thinking machine

- three-state machine

- through-put buffing machine

- tie spot machine

- tinning machine

- tire-bending machine

- tobacco humidifying machine

- tool-grinding machine

- tooth-quenching machine

- transfer machine

- tree planting machine

- trenching machine

- tube-cutting machine

- tunnelling loading machine

- Turing machine

- turret drilling machine

- two-decker machine

- two-state machine

- two-symbol machine

- typecasting machine

- type-casting machine

- typesetting machine

- ultrasonic welding machine

- unbundling machine

- unconditional probability machine

- unhairing machine

- universal machine

- universal match machine

- unpacking machine

- vacuum capping machine

- vacuum filling machine

- vacuum-forming machine

- vapor refrigerating machine

- varnishing machine

- vector machine

- vertical forging machine

- warp-knitting machine

- washing machine

- weakly definite machine

- weighing-and-filling machine

- weighing-and-packing machine

- welt-sewing machine

- wet-burring machine

- wheel-type trenching machine

- willowing machine

- winnowing machine

- wire-marking machine

- wire-nail machine

- wire-stiching box-making machine

- wire-typing machine

- wood-peeling machine

- wood-working machine

- wool-scouring machine

- worsted spinning machine

- wrapping machine

- wringing machine

- yarn sizing machine

1) пресс || прессовать; сжимать

2) поджимать

3) пресс, печатная машина

•

- arbor press

SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors, Metallurgy

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Boulsover, originally a small-scale manufacturer of cutlery, is believed to have specialized in making knife-handle components. About 1742 he found that a thin sheet of silver could be fused to copper sheet by rolling or beating to flatten it. Thus he developed the plating of silver, later called Sheffield plate.

The method when perfected consisted of copper sheet overlaid by thin sheet silver being annealed by red heat. Protected by iron sheeting, the copper and silver were rolled together, becoming fused to a single plate capable of undergoing further manufacturing processes. Later developments included methods of edging the fused sheets and the placing of silver sheet on both lower and upper surfaces of copper, to produce high-quality silver plate, in much demand by the latter part of the century. Boulsover himself is said to have produced only small articles such as buttons and snuff boxes from this material, which by 1758 was being exploited more commercially by Joseph Hancock in Sheffield making candlesticks, hot-water pots and coffee pots. Matthew Boulton introduced its manufacture in very high-quality products during the 1760s to Birmingham, where the technique was widely adopted later. By the 1770s Boulsover was engaged in rolling his plated copper for industry elsewhere, also trading in iron and purchasing blister steel which he converted by the Huntsman process to crucible steel. Blister steel was converted on his behalf to shear steel by forging. He is thought to have also been responsible for improving this product further, introducing "double-shear steel", by repeating the forging and faggoting of shear steel bars. Thomas Boulsover had become a Sheffield entrepreneur, well known for his numerous skills with metals.

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1) машина