ribbeck

dapsĭlis, e ( abl. plur. dapsilis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 3), adj. [dapsilês, daps], sumptuous, bountiful, richly provided with every thing, abundant (mostly ante- and post-class.;

in the class. period perhaps only in Colum. and Suet.): sumptus,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 66:

dotes,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 45:

corollae,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

lectus,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 34;

lubentiae,

id. Ps. 1, 4, 3:

proventus (vitis),

Col. 4, 27, 6:

copia facundiae,

App. M. 11, p. 258, 12.—

With abl.:

spionia dapsilis musto,

Col. 3, 2, 27.— Advv., sumptuously, bountifully.

Form dapsĭlĭter: d. suos amicos alit, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 178 P. (v. 39 Ribbeck).—

Form dapsĭle: verrem sume dapsile ac dilucide, Pompon. ap. Non. 513, 27 (v. 161 Ribbeck): convivebatur, * Suet. Vesp. 19.—

Comp. invitavit se dapsilius, Lucil. ap. Non. 321, 29.

dapsĭlis, e ( abl. plur. dapsilis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 3), adj. [dapsilês, daps], sumptuous, bountiful, richly provided with every thing, abundant (mostly ante- and post-class.;

in the class. period perhaps only in Colum. and Suet.): sumptus,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 66:

dotes,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 45:

corollae,

id. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

lectus,

id. Truc. 1, 1, 34;

lubentiae,

id. Ps. 1, 4, 3:

proventus (vitis),

Col. 4, 27, 6:

copia facundiae,

App. M. 11, p. 258, 12.—

With abl.:

spionia dapsilis musto,

Col. 3, 2, 27.— Advv., sumptuously, bountifully.

Form dapsĭlĭter: d. suos amicos alit, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 178 P. (v. 39 Ribbeck).—

Form dapsĭle: verrem sume dapsile ac dilucide, Pompon. ap. Non. 513, 27 (v. 161 Ribbeck): convivebatur, * Suet. Vesp. 19.—

Comp. invitavit se dapsilius, Lucil. ap. Non. 321, 29.

dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.

dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.

In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

Lucr. 3, 224:

(quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

id. ib. 1, 2:

decedere de provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

147): de vita decedere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

exire de vita,

id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

excedere e vita,

id. ib. 3, 12):

de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

de castris procedere,

Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

Cato R. R. 157, 6:

de digito anulum detraho,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

Cic. Font. 17:

nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

id. Sest. 33, 72:

ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

... decido de lecto praeceps,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

de muro se deicere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

de sella exsilire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

de caelo aliquid demittere,

Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—

In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

emere de aliquo,

Cato R. R. 1, 4:

aliquid mercari de aliquo,

Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

saepe hoc audivi de patre,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

Suet. Ner. 46:

ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

Ov. F. 4, 822;

so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.

To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

caupo de via Latina,

Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

nescio qui de circo maximo,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

id. Or. 15, 47:

homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

nautae de navi Alexandrina,

Suet. Aug. 98:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

Libyca de rupe leones,

Ov. F. 2, 209:

nostro de rure corona,

Tib. 1, 1, 15:

Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

Juv. 6, 344 al.:

de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

de Numitore sati,

Ov. F. 5, 41:

de libris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

de Philocteta, id,

ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

e Philocteta versus,

Quint. 3, 1, 14).

Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

de tergo plagas dare,

from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

de paupere mensa dona,

Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

Ov. F. 2, 760:

lucerna de camera pendebat,

Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

Ov. F. 1, 152:

de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.

In time.

Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

de concursu,

Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

Cic. Att. 12, 3:

non bonus somnus est de prandio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

id. 25, 25; cf.:

diem de die proferendo,

Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.

De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

vigilas tu de nocte,

id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

de nocte evigilabat,

Suet. Vesp. 21:

ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

multa de nocte,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

media de nocte,

at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

de tertia vigilia,

id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

de quarta vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

de die potare,

by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

epulari de die,

Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

bibulus media de luce Falerni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

navigare de mense Decembri,

in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.

In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.

To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

si quis de nostris hominibus,

id. Flacc. 4:

quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

accusator de plebe,

id. Brut. 34, 131:

pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

malus poëta de populo,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

quantum de vita perdiderit,

Petr. 26:

praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —

Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly

to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;

for greater precision:

si quae sunt de eodem genere,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

persona de mimo,

id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;

in the poets, metri gratiā:

aliquid de more vetusto,

Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

laudes de Caesare,

Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

cetera de genere hoc,

Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).

To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

de tuo,

Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

de suo,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

de nostro,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

de vestro,

Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

de vestris,

Ov. F. 3, 828:

de alieno,

Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

de publico,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

de te largitor puer,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.

To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

niveo factum de marmore signum,

Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

verno de flore corona,

Tib. 2, 1, 59:

sucus de quinquefolio,

Plin. 26, 4, 11:

cinis de fico,

Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

de templo carcerem fleri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

captivum de rege facturi,

Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

inque deum de bove versus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

fles de rhetore consul,

Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

de nihilo nihilum,

Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.

In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

dubitare de re,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

de suo adventu docere,

Suet. Caes. 9:

de moribus admonere,

Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,

To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

de labore pectus tundit,

with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

Ov. M. 10, 49:

humus fervet de corpore,

id. ib. 7, 560:

facilius de odio creditur,

Tac. H. 1, 34:

quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.

To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

credere de numero militum,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

de numero dierum fidem servare,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

de ceteris senatui curae fore,

id. Jug. 26, 1:

concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

Liv. 6, 42:

solem de virgine rapta consule,

Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

de argento somnium,

as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

de Dionysio sum admiratus,

Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

de Samnitibus triumphare,

concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

de Atheniensibus victoria,

Curt. 8, 1, 33.

To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

de more vetusto,

Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

de nomine,

id. ib. 1, 447:

patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

id. F. 3, 77.

With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.

De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—

De improviso, unexpectedly:

ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—

De transverso, unexpectedly:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.

or pron. and its substantive; cf.

above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

quo de,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

qua de,

id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.

In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—

Signif.

Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—

Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—

With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—

Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—

Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

dĕ-ămo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to be desperately in love with, to love dearly or passionately (ante-class.), "vehementius amare," Non. 97, 21 (cf. depereo).

Prop.:

illa, quam tuus gnatus annos multos deamat, deperit,

Plaut. Epid. 2, 2, 35; id. Poen. 4, 2, 72; Afran. ap. Non. l. l. (v. 357 Ribbeck): Laber. ap. Charis. l, p. 84 P. (v. 41 Ribbeck).—

Transf.

Of things, to be quite in love with, delighted with:

deamavi... lepidissima munera,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 3; cf.:

dona deamata acceptaque,

id. Truc. 4, 1, 5: deamo te, Syre, I am greatly obliged to you, * Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 21.

dēbĭlis (old shortened form debil, v. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 331), e, adj. [de-habilis; cf. Dig. 49, 16, 4, § 12: lit. unmanageable, wanting in flexibility or activity; hence], lame, disabled, crippled, infirm, debilitated, feeble, frail, weak, etc. For syn. cf.: imbecillus, infirmus, invalidus (freq. and class.).

Lit.

Of personal subjects:

debiles fieri,

Cato R. R. 157, 10:

si gladium imbecillo seni aut debili dederis,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24; cf. id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Phaedr. 4, 2, 10:

confectus senectute, mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21; cf.: debilis manu, pede, coxa, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11; ille humero, hic lumbis, hic coxa debilis, * Juv. 10, 227:

plurimis stipendiis debilis miles,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104:

integris debiles implicabantur,

Curt. 4, 16, 11:

amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno Sergestus,

Verg. A. 5, 271:

claudi ac debiles equi,

Liv. 21, 40.—

Of inanimate subjects: membra metu, * Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 3; Sen. Contr. 5, 33; cf.

debile fit corpus,

Lucr. 4, 952; 5, 830:

manus,

Ov. M. 12, 106: crus, * Suet. Vesp. 7:

ferrum,

Verg. A. 12, 50:

pennae,

Ov. R. Am. 198:

jugum,

id. Pont. 3, 1, 68:

umbra,

id. Tr. 3, 4, 20.— Poet.:

iter,

i.e. of a wounded man, Stat. Th. 12, 144.

Trop., disabled, weak, in mind, character, authority, etc.

Of personal subjects:

eos qui restitissent infirmos sine illo (sc. Catilina) ac debiles fore putabam,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2:

qui hac parte animi (sc. memoria) tam debilis esset, ut, etc.,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

ingenio debilior,

Tac. H. 4, 62; cf.: sine animo anima est debilis, Att. ap. Non. 426, 48 (v. 296 Ribbeck).—

Of inanimate subjects:

duo corpora esse reipublicae, unum debile, infirmo capite: alterum firmum sine capite,

Cic. Mur. 25, 51:

manca ac debilis praetura,

id. Mil. 9, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

manus, sine quibus trunca esset actio ac debilis,

Quint. 11, 3, 85: inscitia, * Pers. 5, 99.— Comp. v. supra.— Sup. appears not to occur.—

* Adv., dēbĭlĭter, infirmly, lamely, feebly: lacrimis lingua debiliter stupet, Pac. ap. Non. 98, 18 (v. 355 Ribbeck).

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

ācrĭmōnĭa, ae, f. [2. acer], sharpness or pungency (so far as it has a quickening, animating power, diff. fr. acerbitas, which desig. a disagreeable sharpness).

Lit., of taste:

si ulcus acrimoniam brassicae ferre non poterit,

the pungency, irritation, smart, Cato R. R. 157, 5:

dulcis cum quadam acrimonia,

Plin. 24, 14, 78, § 128; cf.

sinapis,

id. 18, 13, 34, § 128 al. —Of smell, Plin. 27, 13, 109, § 133.—

Fig., sharpness, acrimony, austerity of character, energy of acting: “animi vivacitas,” Non. 73, 17: mei feri ingeri iram atque animi acrem acrimoniam, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 11); cf.: vim, ferociam, animi, atrocitatem, iram, acrimoniam, Att. ib. (Ribbeck, p. 196):

convenit in vultu pudorem et acrimoniam esse,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26; cf. ib. 4, 13, 19; 24, 34:

si Glabrionis patris vim et acrimoniam ceperis ad resistendum hominibus audacissimis,

Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 52.—Of abstract objects:

vis et acrimonia causae,

Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 143:

licentiae,

Auct. Her. 4, 37, 49.—Of discourse, sharpness of speech (opp. sermo):

tum in sermone, tum in acrimonia,

now in common conversation, now in sharp talk, Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54.

ad-sum (Ribbeck has written assum in Novius by conj. from suum of the MSS., Com. Trag. p. 262; in Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 67, adsum must be pronounced assum, as the pun on the word requires, Roby, I. p. 49), adfui (affui, Merkel, L. Müller), adesse, v. n. (arfui = adfui, S. C. de Bacch.; arf = adfuerunt, ib.; arfuise = adfuisse, ib.; v. ad init.;

adsiem = adsim,

Verg. Cat. 5, 6 ( dicam, Rib.):

adsiet,

Cato, R. R. 141, 4; Plaut. As. 2, 4, 9; Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 11:

adsient,

id. Phorm. 2, 18, 3: adfore now and then takes the place of adfuturus esse, and adforem of adessem, which is written with one s, adesent, in S. C. de Bacch.), to be at or near a person or place, to be somewhere, to be present (opp. absum, to be distant, removed, absent).

Lit.

Absol.: visus Homerus adesse poëta, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 51 (Ann. v. 6 Vahl.), imitated by Verg. A. 2, 271, and Ov. M. 7, 635; v. below: Hegio adsum;

si quid me vis, impera,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 3, 1; so id. Truc. 2, 6, 33; 4, 3, 52:

quasi adfuerim simulabo,

id. Am. 1, 1, 45. —

With adv. or adj.:

etsi abest, hic adesse erum Arbitror,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 11:

Philolaches jam hic aderit,

id. Most. 5, 1, 29; and id. Ps. 1, 2, 48:

quod adest praesto,

Lucr. 5, 1412:

ut quasi coram adesse videare, cum scribo aliquid ad te,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16; id. Att. 5, 18, 3; Verg. A. 1, 595:

non quia ades praesens dico hoc,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 39.—

With prepp.:

ad exercitum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6:

in tabernaculo,

id. ib. 1, 1, 269:

adsum apud te,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 67:

mulier ad eam rem divinam ne adsit,

Cato, R. R. 83:

ad portam,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57:

ante oculos maestissimus Hector Visus adesse mihi,

Verg. A. 2, 271:

ante oculos eadem mihi quercus adesse... visa est,

Ov. M. 7, 635. —

With dat.:

adsum praesens praesenti tibi,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 27:

DVM. NE. MINVS. SENATORIBVS. C. ADESENT. S. C. de Bacch. (see Append. to this dictionary): portis,

Verg. A. 2, 330:

senatui,

Tac. A. 4, 55:

convivio,

Suet. Tib. 61 fin.:

quaestioni,

id. ib. 62: pugnae. id. Oth. 9.

Trop.

Of time, to be present, be at hand:

dum tempestates adsunt,

Lucr. 1, 178:

Vesper adest,

Cat. 62, 1:

jamque dies aderit,

Ov. M. 3, 519; 9, 285; 12, 150:

aderat judicio dies,

Liv. 3, 12:

cum jam partus adesset,

Ov. M. 9, 674.—

Of other abstr. things, to be present, to be at hand (incorrectly made syn. with the simple esse).

Absol.:

nunc adest occasio benefacta cumulare,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63:

ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,

id. Men. prol. 16:

omnia adsunt bona, quem penes est virtus,

id. Am. 2, 2, 21:

ut tranquillitas animi et securitas adsit,

Cic. Off. 1, 20:

tanti aderant morbi vesicae et viscerum, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 30.—

With dat.:

hominum quīs pudor paulum adest,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 6:

vigilantibus hinc aderant solacia somni,

Lucr. 5, 1405:

vis ad resistendum nulli aderat,

Vell. 2, 61; 2, 21:

vim adfore verbo Crediderat,

Verg. A. 10, 547:

tantus decor adfuit arti,

Ov. M. 6, 18:

simplicitas puerilibus adfuit annis,

id. ib. 5, 400:

quantus adest equis Sudor,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 9:

uti mox Nulla fides damnis adsit,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 57:

quousque patieris, Caesar, non adesse caput reipublicae?

to be in his place, to be present, Tac. A. 1, 13 et saep.—

Animo or animis, to be present in mind, with attention, interest, sympathy; also, with courage (cf. animus); to give attention to something, to give heed, observe, attend to; also, to be fearless, be of good courage:

ut intellegeretis eum non adfuisse animo, oum ab illis causa ageretur,

Cic. Caecin. 10 fin.:

adestote omnes animis, qui adestis corporibus,

id. Sull. 11, 33; id. Phil. 8, 10, 30 (cf. Ter. And. prol. 24, and Phorm. prol. 30: adeste aequo animo): [p. 46] quam ob rem adeste animis, judices, et timorem, si quem habetis, deponite, Cic. Mil. 2, 4:

ades animo et omitte timorem,

id. Rep. 6, 10 fin. —

Poet., to be present with one, to be associated with, to attend:

Tu ducibus Latiis aderis, cum laeta Triumphum Vox canet,

Ov. M. 1, 560;

of the cypress: aderis dolentibus,

id. ib. 10, 142. —

To be present with one's aid or support; to stand by, to assist, aid, help, protect, defend, sustain (esp. freq. of advocati; cf.

absum): ibo ad forum atque aliquot mihi amicos advocabo, ad hanc rem qui adsient,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 82; id. Eun. 4, 6, 26:

omnes enim hi, quos videtis adesse in hac causa, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29; id. Sull. 29; id. Phil. 2, 37, 95; Quint. 1, 4; 8, 30 et saep.:

ego tamen tuis rebus sic adero ut difficillimis,

Cic. Fam. 6, 14 fin.; so id. Att. 1, 1:

Camulogenus suis aderat atque eos cohortabatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62:

dictator intercessioni adero,

Liv. 6, 38:

cui sententiae adest Dicaearchus,

Plin. 2, 65, 65:

Aderam Arrionillae, Timonis uxori,

Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 5; 2, 11, 2:

quod ille adversus privatum se intemperantius adfuisset,

had taken part, Suet. Claud. 38 Bremi.—With inf.:

non Teucros delere aderam,

Sil. 9, 532;

so of a protecting, aiding divinity, esp. in invocations, adsis, adsit, etc.: adsis, o Tegeaee, favens,

Verg. G. 1, 18; id. A. 4, 578:

adsis, o Cytherea,

id. Cat. 6, 11:

ades, Dea, muneris auctor,

Ov. M. 10, 673; so,

Huc ades,

Tib. 1, 7, 49:

di omnes nemorum, adeste,

Ov. M. 7, 198:

nostris querelis adsint (dii),

Liv. 3, 25:

frugumque aderit mea Delia custos,

Tib. 1, 5, 21:

si vocata partubus Lucina veris adfuit,

Hor. Epod. 5, 6:

origini Romanae et deos adfuisse et non defuturam virtutem,

Liv. 1, 9; 5, 51 al.— To be present as a witness:

(testes) adsunt cum adversariis,

Cic. Fl. 23;

promissi testis adesto,

Ov. M. 2, 45; hence the t. t. scribendo adesse, to be present as a witness to some writing or contract (usually placed at the beginning of the writing), S. C. de Bacch. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 and 6 al.—

Involving the idea of motion, to come, to appear (most freq. in post-Aug. prose): adsum atque advenio Acherunte, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37;

jam ego hic adero,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 7; Ter. And. 4, 2, 32; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 96; id. Eun. 4, 7, 41:

hi ex Africa jam adfuturi videntur,

Cic. Att. 11, 15:

Hymen ades o Hymenaee,

Cat. 62, 5:

Galli per dumos aderant,

Verg. A. 8, 657; 11, 100:

huc ades, o formose puer,

id. E. 2, 45; 7, 9; Ov. M. 8, 598; 2, 513 (cf. also adesdum):

ecce Arcas adest,

appears, is arrived, id. ib. 2, 497; so 3, 102; 528; 4, 692; 5, 46; 8, 418; 9, 200, 304, 363, 760; 11, 349; 12, 341;

13, 73, 82, 662, 906: adfore tempus, quo, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 256;

cum hostes adessent, i. e. appropinquarent,

Liv. 2, 10:

truci clamore aderant semisomnos in barbaros,

Tac. A. 4, 25:

infensi adesse et instare,

Sall. J. 50:

quod serius adfuisset,

Suet. Aug. 94 al. —In App. with acc.:

cubiculum adero, Met. 2, p. 119 Elm.: scopulum aderunt,

ib. 5, p. 160.—

As judicial t. t., to appear before a tribunal:

C. Verrem altera actione responsurum non esse, neque ad judicium adfuturum... quod iste certe statuerat non adesse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1:

augures adsunt,

id. Dom. 34:

augurem adesse jusserunt,

Vell. 2, 10; cf. Brisson. de Form. V. p. 446.—

Of the senate, to attend, to convene:

edixit ut adesset senatus frequens a. d. viii. Kal. Decembris,

Cic. Phil. 3, 19:

ne sine causa videretur edixisse, ut senatus adcsset,

id. ib. 24.

daps or dăpis, dăpis (nom. daps obsol. Paul. Diac. p. 68, 3: dapis, Juvenc. ap. Auct. de gen. nom. p. 78.—The gen. pl. and dat. sing. do not occur, but are supplied by epulae, cena, convivium, q. v.), f. [stem, dap-, Gr. dapanê, expense: cf. deipnon; R. da-, Gr. daiô, to distribute; Sanscr. dapajami, to cause to divide], a solemn feast for religious purposes, a sacrificial feast (before beginning to till the ground; the Greek proêrosia, made in honor of some divinity, in memory of departed friends, etc. Thus distinguished from epulae, a meal of any kind: convivium, a meal or feast for company; epulum, a formal or public dinner, v. h. v.).

Prop.:

dapem pro bubus piro florente facito... postea dape facta serito milium, panicum, alium, lentim,

Cato R. R. 131 and 132; id. ib. 50 fin.:

pro grege,

an offering for the protection of the flock, Tib. 1, 5, 28; Liv. 1, 7 ad fin.:

ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem,

Hor. Od. 2, 7, 17:

nunc Saliaribus Ornare pulvinar deorum Tempus erat dapibus,

id. ib. 1, 37, 4:

sollemnis dapes et tristia dona,

Verg. A. 3, 301.

Transf. by the poets and post-Augustan prose-writers beyond the sphere of religion, and used of every (esp. rich, sumptuous) meal, a feast, banquet, in the sing. and plur. (in Verg. passim, in Tibul. in this signif. only plur.).—

Sing.: ne cum tyranno quisquam... eandem vescatur dapem, Att. ap. Non. 415, 25 (v. 217 Ribbeck): quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto); so Catull. 64, 305; Hor. Od. 4, 4, 12; id. Epod. 5, 33; id. Ep. 1, 17, 51: of a simple, poor meal, Ov. H. 9, 68; 16, 206. Opp. to wine:

nunc dape, nunc posito mensae nituere Lyaeo,

Ov. F. 5, 521; cf.

so in plur.,

id. M. 8, 571; Verg. A. 1, 706.—

Plur.: Tib. 1, 5, 49; 1, 10, 8; Verg. E. 6, 79; id. G. 4, 133; id. A. 1, 210 et saep.; Hor. Od. 1, 32, 13; id. Epod. 2, 48; Ov. M. 5, 113; 6, 664; Tac. A. 14, 22 et saep.:

humanae,

human excrement, Plin. 17, 9, 6, § 51.

daps or dăpis, dăpis (nom. daps obsol. Paul. Diac. p. 68, 3: dapis, Juvenc. ap. Auct. de gen. nom. p. 78.—The gen. pl. and dat. sing. do not occur, but are supplied by epulae, cena, convivium, q. v.), f. [stem, dap-, Gr. dapanê, expense: cf. deipnon; R. da-, Gr. daiô, to distribute; Sanscr. dapajami, to cause to divide], a solemn feast for religious purposes, a sacrificial feast (before beginning to till the ground; the Greek proêrosia, made in honor of some divinity, in memory of departed friends, etc. Thus distinguished from epulae, a meal of any kind: convivium, a meal or feast for company; epulum, a formal or public dinner, v. h. v.).

Prop.:

dapem pro bubus piro florente facito... postea dape facta serito milium, panicum, alium, lentim,

Cato R. R. 131 and 132; id. ib. 50 fin.:

pro grege,

an offering for the protection of the flock, Tib. 1, 5, 28; Liv. 1, 7 ad fin.:

ergo obligatam redde Jovi dapem,

Hor. Od. 2, 7, 17:

nunc Saliaribus Ornare pulvinar deorum Tempus erat dapibus,

id. ib. 1, 37, 4:

sollemnis dapes et tristia dona,

Verg. A. 3, 301.

Transf. by the poets and post-Augustan prose-writers beyond the sphere of religion, and used of every (esp. rich, sumptuous) meal, a feast, banquet, in the sing. and plur. (in Verg. passim, in Tibul. in this signif. only plur.).—

Sing.: ne cum tyranno quisquam... eandem vescatur dapem, Att. ap. Non. 415, 25 (v. 217 Ribbeck): quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? Liv. Andr. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto); so Catull. 64, 305; Hor. Od. 4, 4, 12; id. Epod. 5, 33; id. Ep. 1, 17, 51: of a simple, poor meal, Ov. H. 9, 68; 16, 206. Opp. to wine:

nunc dape, nunc posito mensae nituere Lyaeo,

Ov. F. 5, 521; cf.

so in plur.,

id. M. 8, 571; Verg. A. 1, 706.—

Plur.: Tib. 1, 5, 49; 1, 10, 8; Verg. E. 6, 79; id. G. 4, 133; id. A. 1, 210 et saep.; Hor. Od. 1, 32, 13; id. Epod. 2, 48; Ov. M. 5, 113; 6, 664; Tac. A. 14, 22 et saep.:

humanae,

human excrement, Plin. 17, 9, 6, § 51.

Dardănus, i, m., Dardanos.

The son of Jupiter and Electra of Arcadia, founder of the city Dardania, in Troas, and ancestor of the royal race of Troy, Att. ap. Schol. Bern. ad Verg. G. 1, 502 (v. 653 Ribb.); Verg. A. 8, 134 Serv.; 6, 650; 3, 167 al.; cf. Heyne Verg. A. 3 Excurs. 6; Lact. 1, 23, 3: acc. Dardanon, Ov. F. 4, 31. —

Hence,

Dardănus, a, um, adj., Dardanian, poet. for Trojan:

praeda,

Prop. 1, 19, 14:

puppis,

i. e. of Aeneas, id. 4, 1, 40 (5, 1, 40 M.):

arma,

Verg. A. 2, 618:

pubes,

id. ib. 5, 119:

gens,

Hor. Od. 1, 15, 10:

Troja,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 4; also for Roman, as the Romans were descendants of Aeneas:

ductor,

i. e. the Roman, Scipio Africanus, Sil. 1, 14.—

Dardănĭus, a, um, adj., Dardanian, poet. for Trojan:

gentes, Att. ap. Apul. de Deo Soc. 24 (v. 523 Ribbeck): gens,

Verg. A. 1, 602:

Aeneae,

id. ib. 1, 494; 6, 169; cf.

carinae,

i. e. of Aeneas, id. ib. 4, 658;

and pinus, the same,

Ov. F. 1, 519:

Anchisae,

Verg. A. 1, 617; 9, 647:

Iulus (son of Aeneas),

Ov. M. 15, 767:

Roma,

id. ib. 15, 431:

vates,

i. e. Helenus, id. ib. 13, 335:

advena,

i. e. Paris, id. H. 8, 42:

senex,

i. e. Priam, id. Tr. 3, 5, 38:

triumphus,

Prop. 2, 14, 1 (3, 6, 1 M):

minister,

i. e. Ganymedes, Mart. 11, 104, et saep.—

Subst.: Dardănia, ae, f.,

the city Dardania, founded by Dardanus on the Hellespont, S. W. of Abydos (whence its mod. name, the Dardanelles), Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 25. Oftener, esp. in Vergil,

poet. for Troja, Verg. A. 2, 281; 325; 3, 52; Ov. H. 16, 57.—

Dardănĭdes, ae, m., son or descendant of Dardanus:

Ilus,

Ov. F. 6, 419.— Absol. for Aeneas, Verg. A. 10, 545; 12, 775.—In plur. for Trojan:

pastores,

id. ib. 2, 59.— Absol. for Trojans, id. ib. 2, 72; 445 et saep.—

Dardănis, ĭdis, f., adj., Dardanian, poet. for Trojan:

matres,

Ov. M. 13, 412:

nurus,

id. H. 16, 194; 17, 212:

Caieta (founded by Trojans),

Mart. 10, 30.— Absol. for Creüsa, Verg. A. 2, 787.

A magician of Phoenicia, Plin. 30, 1, 2, § 9; App. Mag. p. 331, 14.—Hence,

Dardănius, a, um, adj., of Dardanus: poet. for Magic, artes, Col. 10, 358.

A Stoic philosopher otherwise unknown, Cic. Ac. 2, 22, 69.

Dardănus, a, um; v. the preceding art. no. I. B. 1.

Dardănus, i, m., Dardanos.

The son of Jupiter and Electra of Arcadia, founder of the city Dardania, in Troas, and ancestor of the royal race of Troy, Att. ap. Schol. Bern. ad Verg. G. 1, 502 (v. 653 Ribb.); Verg. A. 8, 134 Serv.; 6, 650; 3, 167 al.; cf. Heyne Verg. A. 3 Excurs. 6; Lact. 1, 23, 3: acc. Dardanon, Ov. F. 4, 31. —

Hence,

Dardănus, a, um, adj., Dardanian, poet. for Trojan:

praeda,

Prop. 1, 19, 14:

puppis,

i. e. of Aeneas, id. 4, 1, 40 (5, 1, 40 M.):

arma,

Verg. A. 2, 618:

pubes,

id. ib. 5, 119:

gens,

Hor. Od. 1, 15, 10:

Troja,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 4; also for Roman, as the Romans were descendants of Aeneas:

ductor,

i. e. the Roman, Scipio Africanus, Sil. 1, 14.—

Dardănĭus, a, um, adj., Dardanian, poet. for Trojan:

gentes, Att. ap. Apul. de Deo Soc. 24 (v. 523 Ribbeck): gens,

Verg. A. 1, 602:

Aeneae,

id. ib. 1, 494; 6, 169; cf.

carinae,

i. e. of Aeneas, id. ib. 4, 658;

and pinus, the same,

Ov. F. 1, 519:

Anchisae,

Verg. A. 1, 617; 9, 647:

Iulus (son of Aeneas),

Ov. M. 15, 767:

Roma,

id. ib. 15, 431:

vates,

i. e. Helenus, id. ib. 13, 335:

advena,

i. e. Paris, id. H. 8, 42:

senex,

i. e. Priam, id. Tr. 3, 5, 38:

triumphus,

Prop. 2, 14, 1 (3, 6, 1 M):

minister,

i. e. Ganymedes, Mart. 11, 104, et saep.—

Subst.: Dardănia, ae, f.,

the city Dardania, founded by Dardanus on the Hellespont, S. W. of Abydos (whence its mod. name, the Dardanelles), Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 25. Oftener, esp. in Vergil,

poet. for Troja, Verg. A. 2, 281; 325; 3, 52; Ov. H. 16, 57.—

Dardănĭdes, ae, m., son or descendant of Dardanus:

Ilus,

Ov. F. 6, 419.— Absol. for Aeneas, Verg. A. 10, 545; 12, 775.—In plur. for Trojan:

pastores,

id. ib. 2, 59.— Absol. for Trojans, id. ib. 2, 72; 445 et saep.—

Dardănis, ĭdis, f., adj., Dardanian, poet. for Trojan:

matres,

Ov. M. 13, 412:

nurus,

id. H. 16, 194; 17, 212:

Caieta (founded by Trojans),

Mart. 10, 30.— Absol. for Creüsa, Verg. A. 2, 787.

A magician of Phoenicia, Plin. 30, 1, 2, § 9; App. Mag. p. 331, 14.—Hence,

Dardănius, a, um, adj., of Dardanus: poet. for Magic, artes, Col. 10, 358.

A Stoic philosopher otherwise unknown, Cic. Ac. 2, 22, 69.

Dardănus, a, um; v. the preceding art. no. I. B. 1.