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respondĕo

  • 1 respondeo

    rē-spondĕo, di, sum, 2, v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to promise a thing in return for something else; to offer or present in return. So, only in a few examples, the phrase par pari (dat.) respondere, to return like for like: par pari respondes dicto, you return tit for tat with your tongue (syn. refero), Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 41; cf.: istuc serva; et verbum verbo par pari ut respondeas, Ter Phorm. 1, 4, 35; and:

    paria paribus respondimus,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 23.— Pass.: provide, si cui quid debetur, ut sit, unde par pari respondeatur, i. e. that there be wherewithal to meet the demand, Atticus ap. Cic. Att. 16, 7, 6; cf. also under II. A. 1, the lusus verbb. with spondeo; and II. B. init. —
    II.
    In a more general signification.
    A.
    To answer, reply, respond (either to a question, or to any statement or remark, and either in a friendly or hostile signif.); constr. aliquid alicui, ad, adversus, contra aliquem ( aliquid).
    1.
    In gen.
    a.
    Lit.: Th. Aliud te rogo. Tr. Aliud ergo nunc tibi respondeo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 70; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 73.— Absol.:

    prius respondes, quam rogo,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 119:

    eā legatione Papirius auditā... respondit,

    Liv. 9, 14, 2; 27, 40, 8; 33, 38, 7; Nep. Milt. 1, 4:

    ille appellatus respondit,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 36; 5, 41; Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 62, § 138; id. Fam. 3, 6, 2; 5, 2, 8; 7, 24, 2;

    9, 14, 2. — So usu. of an oral answer: tibi non rescribam, sed respondeam,

    Sen. Ep. 67, 2;

    but also of writing: epistulae,

    Cic. Att. 9, 9, 1 et saep.; v. infra:

    ab his sermo oritur, respondet Laelius,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 5; Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 28: olli respondit rex Albaï Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.):

    cui orationi Caepionis ore respondit Aelius,

    Cic. Brut. 46, 169:

    criminibus,

    id. Planc. 2, 4:

    supremae tuae paginae,

    id. Att. 6, 2, 1:

    cui opinioni,

    Quint. 4, 4, 1:

    tam aequae postulationi,

    id. 7, 1, 47 al.:

    summā constantiā ad ea, quae quaesita erant, respondebat,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; cf.:

    arbitrabar me satis respondisse ad id quod quaesierat Laelius,

    id. Rep. 2, 39, 65:

    nec absurde adversus utrosque respondisse visus est,

    Liv. 35, 50; 8, 32:

    adversus haec imperator respondit,

    id. 30, 31; 33, 35 fin. — With acc. of neutr. pron.:

    illud respondere cogam,

    to make answer to that, Cic. Cael. 28, 67; cf. id. Vatin. 7, 18; 17, 41:

    multa contra patronos venuste testis saepe respondet,

    Quint. 5, 7, 31; 5, 7, 24; cf.:

    accipe, quid contra juvenis responderit,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 233.— With object-clause:

    respondent, bello se et suos tutari posse,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 59; id. Curc. 2, 3, 54; id. Mil. 2, 2, 23; id. Merc. 5, 2. 102 al. —Introducing a direct answer:

    cum dixisset, Quid agis, Grani? respondit, Immo vero tu, Druse, quid agis!

    Cic. Planc. 14, 33; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Tusc. 5, 19, 56.— In impers. perf.:

    postquam mihi responsum est, abeo, etc.,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 57; cf. id. Mil. 4, 2, 93: quid nunc renunciem abs te responsum? Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 18:

    sic existimet: Responsum non dictum esse, quia laesit prior,

    id. Eun. prol. 6.— In plur.:

    multa ejus et in senatu et in foro vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,

    Cic. Lael. 2, 6.— In the sup.:

    (haec) quam brevia responsu,

    Cic. Clu. 59 fin. — In a lusus verbb. with spondeo: Er. Sponden' tu istud? He. Spondeo. Er. At ego, tuum tibi advenisse filium, respondeo, and in return I promise you, i. e. assure you, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 119; cf.:

    fideiussores, qui salvam rempublicam fore responderunt, etc.,

    promised, gave assurance, Dig. 50, 1, 17 fin. —
    b.
    Trop., to answer, respond, reply to, re-echo, resound, etc.:

    saxa et solitudines voci respondent,

    Cic. Arch. 8, 19;

    respondent flebile ripae,

    Ov. M. 11, 53; and:

    respondentia tympana,

    Stat. Achill. 2, 175: urbes coloniarum respondebunt Catilinae tumulis silvestribus, will give an answer to, i. e. will prove a match for, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Of lawyers, priests, oracles, etc., to give an opinion, advice, decision, response:

    quaeris, num juris consultus (sit)? quasi quisquam sit, qui sibi hunc falsum de jure respondisse dicat,

    Cic. Planc. 25, 62; so,

    de jure,

    id. Brut. 30, 113; cf.:

    de jure consulentibus respondere,

    id. Mur. 4, 9;

    in a like signif., also simply jus,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 12:

    facultas respondendi juris,

    id. ib. 2, 12, 29; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Plin. Ep. 6, 15, 3 al.; cf.:

    civica jura,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 24; and:

    quae consuluntur, minimo periculo respondentur, etc.,

    Cic. Mur. 13, 28; id. Brut. 89, 306. — Absol., Dig. 2, 14, 7; and so very freq. of the jurists in the Digests;

    v. responsum: pater Roscii ad haruspices retulit: qui responderunt, nihil illo puero clarius fore,

    Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

    cum ex prodigiis haruspices respondissent,

    Sall. C. 47, 2; Liv. 27, 37; 31, 5; 5, 54; Vell. 2, 24, 3:

    responsum est,

    Suet. Aug. 94, 97:

    deliberantibus Pythia respondit, ut moenibus ligneis se munirent,

    gave advice, Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. Just. 11, 11, § 11:

    possumus seniores amici quiete respondere,

    to give advice, Tac. A. 14, 54 fin. —
    b.
    Of the answering of a person summoned when his name is called; hence, meton., to appear: citatus neque respondit neque excusatus est, Varr. ap. Gell. 11, 1, 4; cf.:

    cives, qui ad nomina non respondissent,

    Liv. 7, 4:

    quia Romae non respondebant,

    id. 39, 18; Val. Max. 6, 3, 4; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Ner. 44; Hor. S. 1, 9, 36 (vadato, dat., i.e. ei qui eum vadatus erat; v. vador); Dig. 3, 3, 35; 41, 1, 14 et saep.—
    (β).
    Esp., to appear before a tribunal, to answer an accusation, meet a charge, etc.:

    perfectus in exsilium Tubulus est nec respondere ausus,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54:

    Verrem alterā actione responsurum non esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

    nemo Epaminondam responsurum putabat,

    Nep. Epam. 8, 1.—
    (γ).
    Transf., in gen., to appear, be present:

    ipsi (sc. paeon et herous) se offerent et respondebunt non vocati,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:

    verba (with res se ostendent),

    Quint. 10, 3, 9:

    ut ii, qui debent, non respondeant ad tempus,

    Cic. Att. 16, 2, 2; cf.:

    podagra ad tempus (with venit ad horam),

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 1:

    sanguis per menstrua,

    Cels. 4, 4, 5.—
    B.
    To answer to; to meet, agree, accord, or correspond with a thing; constr. usually with dat. or absol.:

    ut omnia omnibus paribus paria respondeant,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 50:

    ut horum auctoritatibus illorum orationi, qui dissentiunt, respondere posse videamur,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:

    ut verba verbis quasi demensa et paria respondeant,

    id. Or. 12, 38; and:

    respondent extrema primis, media utrisque, omnia omnibus,

    id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: (Aristoteles dicit) illam artem (sc. rhetoricam) quasi ex alterā parte respondere dialecticae, that it corresponds to, i. e. forms the counterpart of, id. Or. 32, 114:

    aedificare alteram porticum quae Palatio responderet,

    id. Har. Resp. 23, 49; cf.

    of a locality: contra elata mari respondet Gnosia tellus,

    i. e. lies opposite, Verg. A. 6, 23:

    Pachyni pulsata Ionio respondent saxa profundo,

    Sil. 14, 73:

    est mihi magnae curae, ut ita erudiatur (Lucullus), ut et patri et Caepioni nostro et tibi tam propinquo respondeat,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 8: satis Graecorum [p. 1582] gloriae responderunt, id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:

    tua virtus opinioni hominum,

    id. Fam. 2, 5, 2; id. Lael. 16, 56:

    fortuna meis optatis,

    id. Fam. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

    seges votis,

    Verg. G. 1, 47:

    arma Caesaris non responsura lacertis,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 48:

    favor meritis,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 9:

    ne prior officio quisquam respondeat,

    id. S. 2, 6, 24:

    par fama labori,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 66:

    fructus labori,

    Ov. F. 4, 641:

    non mihi respondent veteres in carmine vires,

    id. H. 15, 197 al.:

    familiam nemo speciosiorem producet, sed hominibus non respondet,

    he does not pay his debts, Sen. Ep. 87, 6:

    amori amore respondere,

    i. e. to return it, repay it, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 4; cf.:

    Quinti fratris liberalitati subsidiis amicorum,

    id. Att. 4, 3, 6:

    qui ex vico ortus est, eam patriam intellegitur habere, cui reipublicae vicus ille respondet,

    to which it belongs, Dig. 50, 1, 30.—

    In mal. part.: mulieribus,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 17.—With ad:

    respondere ad parentum speciem,

    resemble, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 9:

    deformentur directiones, ut longitudines ad regulam et lineam, altitudines ad perpendiculum, anguli ad normam respondentes exigantur,

    Vitr. 7, 3; cf.:

    structuram ad perpendiculum respondere oportet,

    Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 172:

    quia non tota ad animum responderat (villa),

    Suet. Caes. 48:

    ad spem eventus respondit,

    Liv. 28, 6.—With dat.:

    Papirio quoque brevi ad spem eventus respondit,

    Liv. 9, 15.— With ex:

    quicquid non ex voluntate respondet, iram provocat,

    Sen. Ep. 47, 19:

    speculum quocumque obvertimus oris, Res sibi respondent simili formā atque colore,

    i. e. correspond, are reflected, Lucr. 4, 167.— Absol.:

    sidera respondent in aquā,

    Lucr. 4, 213:

    quia raro verba belle respondeant,

    Quint. 6, 3, 48: medicus aliquid oportet inveniat, quod non ubique fortasse, sed saepius tamen etiam respondeat, may answer, be suitable, Cels. praef.—
    C.
    To return, make a return, yield:

    frumenta quando cum quarto responderint (sc. colono),

    have returned, yielded, Col. 3, 3, 4; cf. with abl. and dat.:

    humus cum est repetita cultu, magno fenore colono respondet,

    id. 2, 1, 3:

    vitis, nisi praepingui solo, non respondet,

    id. 3, 2, 11; cf.:

    metalla plenius responsura fodienti,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 5.—Hence, rēspon-sum, i, n., an answer, reply, response (equally freq. in sing. and plur.).
    1.
    In gen.:

    suis postulatis responsa exspectare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 5 fin.:

    haec paucis diebus ex illius ad nostra responsa responsis intellegentur, quorsum evasura sint,

    Cic. Att. 7, 17, 4:

    responsum senatūs,

    Liv. 7, 31:

    sine responso legatos dimisit,

    id. 9, 38:

    nullo ab nostris dato responso,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 58:

    responsum dedisti tantis de rebus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 40; 2, 4, 39, § 85; so,

    dare responsum,

    Liv. 5, 32, 8; Val. Max. 9, 5, ext. 3; Curt. 3, 12, 9; Liv. 3, 50, 12:

    reddere alicui,

    Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:

    triste redditum,

    Liv. 9, 16:

    ferre (ab aliquo),

    to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:

    referre (ab aliquo),

    to deliver, Cic. Att. 7, 17, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Liv. 37, 6:

    elicere,

    Quint. 5, 7, 20:

    petere,

    Hor. C. S. 55:

    responsum accipere,

    Liv. 5, 36, 4; Just. 12, 2, 8:

    responsum non fuit in eis,

    Vulg. Jer. 5, 13.—
    2.
    In partic. (acc. to II. A. 2.), an answer, reply of a lawyer, priest, oracle, etc.; an opinion, response, oracle:

    cum responsumque ab eo (Crasso) verum magis, quam ad suam rem accommodatum abstulisset, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 239:

    res judicatae, decreta, responsa,

    id. ib. 2, 27, 116; id. Mur. 13, 29.—

    The responsa prudentium, or authoritative opinions of leading lawyers, were an important source of the Roman law,

    Just. Inst. 1, 2, 8 Sandars ad loc.:

    haruspicum responsa,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 30; Ov. M. 3, 340; 527:

    legatus a Delphis Romam rediit, responsumque ex scripto recitavit,

    Liv. 23, 11; cf. id. 1, 56; Quint. 3, 7, 11; 5, 7, 35; Tac. H. 1, 10; 4, 65 al.; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 65; Ter. And. 4, 2, 15; Verg. A. 7, 86 et saep.—

    In eccl. Lat.: responsum Dei, ab angelo, etc.,

    Vulg. Mich. 3, 7; id. Luc. 2, 26; id. Act. 10, 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > respondeo

  • 2 respondeo

    respondere, respondi, responsus V

    Latin-English dictionary > respondeo

  • 3 respondeo

    , respondi, responsum
    to answer, reply, respond.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > respondeo

  • 4 responsus

    1.
    rēsponsus, a, um, Part. of respondeo.
    2.
    rēsponsus, ūs, m. [respondeo, II. B.].
    I.
    An answer, reply (opp. interrogatio), Dig. 44, 7, 1, § 7.—
    II.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > responsus

  • 5 dīlūcidē

        dīlūcidē adv.    [dilucidus], plainly, evidently, distinctly: expedire Iudicibus, T.: explicare: respondeo.

    Latin-English dictionary > dīlūcidē

  • 6 pār

        pār paris, abl. parī (rarely as subst. pare, C., O.), adj.    [1 PAR-], equal: vita beata... par et similis deorum: est finitimus oratori poëta ac paene par: pares in amore et aequales: pares eiusdem generis munitiones, of equal size, Cs.: similia magis quam paria, L.: peccata, equally criminal, H.: ingenia iura: hi (equites), dum pari certamine res geri potuit, etc., i. e. horsemen against horsemen, Cs.: cui repugno, quoad possum, sed adhuc pares non sumus, i. e. not equal to the task: pari proelio, indecisive, N.: pares validaeque miscentur, Ta.: cantare pares, peers in song, V.: quem ego parem summis Peripateticis iudico: isti par in bello gerendo: anseribus, as large as, Iu.: prodigio par, i. e. extremely rare, Iu.: Responsura par fama labori, meet, H.: effugit imago, Par levibus ventis, like, V.: cuius paucos pares haec civitas tulit, equals: vestrae fortitudinis, Ph.: In quā par facies nobilitate suā, O.: par cum ceteris fortunae condicio: quem tu parem cum liberis tuis fecisti, S.: artīs constituere inter se parīs: cum par habetur honos summis et infimis: haudquaquam par gloria sequatur scriptorem et auctorem rerum, S.: quos in parem iuris condicionem atque ipsi erant, receperunt, Cs.: neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit: in quo offensae minimum, gratia par, ac si prope adessemus, S.— Equal, a match: quibus ne di quidem immortales pares esse possint, Cs.: quod neque se parem armis existimabat, S.: Non sumus pares, not on an equality, Iu.: habebo parem, quem das, Hannibalem, an adversary, L.: sequitur parem, i. e. with equal speed, O.— Equal, well-matched, suitable: rebus ipsis par et aequalis oratio, adequate: ut coëat par Iungaturque pari, kindred spirits, H.: S<*>ua voles apte nubere, nube pari, O.—Prov.: <*>ares cum paribus facillime congregantur, i. e. birds of a feather flock together.—In phrases with esse, fit, meet, suitable, proper, right: ita, ut constantibus hominibus par erat: par est ipsum esse virum bonum: sic par est agere cum civibus: dubitans, quid me facere par sit.—Repeated with respondeo or refero, like for like, tit for tat: par pari ut respondeas, T.: paria paribus respondimus: Par pro pari referto, give as good as you get, T.—In the phrase, Ludere par impar, to play “ even and odd,” H.—As subst m. and f a companion, fellow, comrade, mate, spouse: adcumbit cum pare quisque suo, O.: edicere est ausus cum illo suo pari, ut, etc.: paribus conludere, H.—As subst n., a pair, couple: par illud simile, Piso et Gabinius: par nobile fratrum, H.: columbarum, O.: tria paria amicorum.
    * * *
    (gen.), paris ADJ
    equal, equal to; like; suitable

    Latin-English dictionary > pār

  • 7 respōnsiō

        respōnsiō ōnis, f    [respondeo], an answer, reply, refutation: alio responsionem suam derivavit: sibi ipsi responsio, to one's own argument.

    Latin-English dictionary > respōnsiō

  • 8 respōnsō

        respōnsō —, —, āre, freq.    [respondeo], to return, answer, re-echo: exoritur clamor, ripaeque Responsant circa, re-echo, V.—Fig., to answer, agree: Ne gallina malum responset dura palato, H.— To answer, withstand, resist, defy: cupidinibus, H.: animus cenis opimis, H.
    * * *
    responsare, responsavi, responsatus V
    answer, reply (to); reecho

    Latin-English dictionary > respōnsō

  • 9 respōnsum

        respōnsum ī, n    [P. n. of respondeo], an answer, reply, response: exspectabat suis postulatis responsa, Cs.: haec ex illius ad nostra responsa responsis intellegentur: sine responso legatos dimisit, L.: tantis de rebus responsum dedisti: quo minus responsum equitibus redderetur: eadem ferunt responsa, Cs.: scire quae responsa referat a Pompeio, brings: petere, H.— A professional answer, opinion, advice, response, oracle: cum responsumque ab eo (Crasso) verum abstulisset: haruspicum responsa: In dubiis responsa petunt, V.: responsa vatis aguntur, O.: legatus a Delphis rediit, responsumque ex scripto recitavit, L.: Apollinis, T.
    * * *
    answer, response

    Latin-English dictionary > respōnsum

  • 10 respōnsus

        respōnsus    P. of respondeo.

    Latin-English dictionary > respōnsus

  • 11 acuo

    ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.
    I.
    Lit.:

    ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,

    ferrum,

    Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:

    enses,

    Ov. M. 15, 776:

    gladium,

    Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:

    sagittas,

    id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:

    fulmen,

    Lucr. 6, 278:

    dentes,

    Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:

    acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,

    Cic. Brut. 97:

    linguam causis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:

    acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:

    multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—
    B.
    Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:

    ad crudelitatem,

    Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:

    illos sat aetas acuet,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:

    ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,

    id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:

    curis acuens mortalia corda,

    Verg. G. 1, 123:

    auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,

    id. ib. 4, 435:

    quam Juno his acuit verbis,

    id. A. 7, 330.—
    C.
    Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):

    saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,

    Verg. A. 12, 108:

    iram,

    Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:

    studia,

    Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—
    D.
    In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,
    A.
    Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):

    vide ut sit acutus culter probe,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:

    ferrum,

    Hor. A. P. 304:

    cuspis,

    Verg. A. 5, 208:

    gladius,

    Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:

    carex,

    Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:

    nasus,

    Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:

    oculi,

    of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:

    aures,

    pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:

    saxa,

    id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:

    oculos acrīs atque cicutos,

    Cic. Planc. 66:

    nares,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—
    b.
    Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):

    hinnitu,

    Verg. G. 3, 94:

    voces,

    id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:

    stridore,

    Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:

    vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

    from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—
    c.
    In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:

    sol,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

    radii solis,

    Ov. H. 4, 159:

    gelu,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,

    febris,

    Cels. 2, 4:

    morbus,

    id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:

    acuta belli,

    violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—
    B.
    Fig.
    1.
    Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):

    Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,

    Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

    homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 39:

    acutae sententiae,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:

    motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,

    id. Or. 1, 113:

    studia,

    id. Gen. 50:

    conclusiones,

    Quint. 2, 20, 5.—
    2.
    In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:

    conlecta,

    Cic. Deiot. 33:

    excogitat,

    id. Verr. 4, 147:

    respondeo,

    id. Cael. 17:

    scribo,

    id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:

    cernis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

    resonarent,

    ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > acuo

  • 12 acuta

    ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.
    I.
    Lit.:

    ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,

    ferrum,

    Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:

    enses,

    Ov. M. 15, 776:

    gladium,

    Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:

    sagittas,

    id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:

    fulmen,

    Lucr. 6, 278:

    dentes,

    Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:

    acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,

    Cic. Brut. 97:

    linguam causis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:

    acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:

    multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—
    B.
    Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:

    ad crudelitatem,

    Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:

    illos sat aetas acuet,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:

    ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,

    id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:

    curis acuens mortalia corda,

    Verg. G. 1, 123:

    auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,

    id. ib. 4, 435:

    quam Juno his acuit verbis,

    id. A. 7, 330.—
    C.
    Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):

    saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,

    Verg. A. 12, 108:

    iram,

    Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:

    studia,

    Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—
    D.
    In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,
    A.
    Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):

    vide ut sit acutus culter probe,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:

    ferrum,

    Hor. A. P. 304:

    cuspis,

    Verg. A. 5, 208:

    gladius,

    Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:

    carex,

    Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:

    nasus,

    Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:

    oculi,

    of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:

    aures,

    pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:

    saxa,

    id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—
    2.
    Transf.
    a.
    Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:

    oculos acrīs atque cicutos,

    Cic. Planc. 66:

    nares,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—
    b.
    Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):

    hinnitu,

    Verg. G. 3, 94:

    voces,

    id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:

    stridore,

    Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:

    vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

    from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—
    c.
    In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:

    sol,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

    radii solis,

    Ov. H. 4, 159:

    gelu,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,

    febris,

    Cels. 2, 4:

    morbus,

    id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:

    acuta belli,

    violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—
    B.
    Fig.
    1.
    Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):

    Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,

    Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

    homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 39:

    acutae sententiae,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:

    motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,

    id. Or. 1, 113:

    studia,

    id. Gen. 50:

    conclusiones,

    Quint. 2, 20, 5.—
    2.
    In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:

    conlecta,

    Cic. Deiot. 33:

    excogitat,

    id. Verr. 4, 147:

    respondeo,

    id. Cael. 17:

    scribo,

    id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:

    cernis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

    resonarent,

    ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > acuta

  • 13 adscribo

    a-scrībo ( ads-, Baiter, Halm, Weissenb., K. and H.; as-, Kayser), psi, ptum, 3, v. a., to annex by writing, to add to a writing (syn.: annumero, addo, insero, attribuo, tribuo).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., constr. absol. or with dat., in with acc. or abl.
    a.
    Absol.:

    non solum illud perscribunt, quod tum prohibiti sunt, sed etiam causam ascribunt cur etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35:

    illud minime auguris, quod adscripsit, ob eam causam, etc.,

    id. Div. 1, 16, 29.—
    b.
    With dat.:

    Terentia salutem tibi plurimam adscribit,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.:

    coheredem sibi libertum ejus adscriptum,

    Suet. Vit. 14.—
    c.
    With in with acc. or abl.: hoc tibi respondeo: ascripsisse eundem Sullam in eandem legem: si quid, etc.: nam nisi esset, hoc in omnibus legibus non ascriberetur, Cic. Caecin. 33, 95 (B. and K., in eādem lege):

    antiquior dies in tuis adscripta litteris,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3:

    in alterā epistulā diem non adscribis,

    do not add the date, id. Att. 3, 23:

    nomen suum in albo profitentium citharoedorum jussit adscribi,

    Suet. Ner. 21; id. Tib. 51 al.—Esp. freq. of superscriptions and inscriptions:

    Recita epistulam. TIMARCHIDES VERRIS ACCENSVS APRONIO. Jam hoc quidem non reprehendo, quod ascribit ACCENSVS,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66:

    non credo ascripturum esse magno,

    id. Agr. 2, 20:

    novo si marmori adscripserunt Praxitelem suo,

    Phaedr. 5, prol. 6:

    tumulo publice exstructo adscripserant, pro libertate eos occubuisse,

    Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

    ut qui statuarum titulis pronepotem se Q. Catuli Capitolini semper adscripserit,

    id. Galb. 2; id. Ner. 45; id. Aug. 70.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To impute, ascribe, attribute to one the cause of something:

    hoc incommodum Scipioni ascribendum videtur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 49:

    panaces diis inventoribus adscriptum,

    Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 81;

    and (per hypallagen, cf. Rudd. II. p. 393): cur autem ascribimus illum his lacrimis (instead of illi has lacrimas),

    id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 419; cf. id. Idyll. 6, 81:

    nomini meo adscribatur victoria,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 12, 28.—
    2.
    To place to one's credit, i. e. to settle, fix, designate, appoint:

    eidem (servo) adscripsisse legatum,

    bequeathed to him, Plin. Ep. 4, 10.— Poet.:

    culpam lues, olim cum adscriptus venerit poenae dies,

    Phaedr. 4, 11, 8.—
    3.
    Adscribere sibi aliquid, to apply, refer something to one's self:

    qui facere quae non possunt, verbis elevant, Adscribere hoc debebunt exemplum sibi,

    Phaedr. 4, 3, 6.—
    II.
    A.. Esp., t. t., to enroll, enter in a list ( as citizen, soldier, colonist, etc.):

    ascribi se in eam civitatem voluit,

    to be entered, received as a citizen, Cic. Arch. 4:

    si qui foederatis civitatibus ascripti fuissent,

    id. ib.:

    urbanae militiae adscribebatur,

    Tac. H. 2, 94:

    adscribantur ex Judaeis in exercitu regis ad triginta milia virorum,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 36: adscripti dicebantur qui in colonias nomina dedissent, ut essent coloni, Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.:

    colonos Venusiam adscripserunt,

    Liv. 31, 49; so id. 32, 7; 33, 24; 34, 42;

    35, 9 al.: coloniam deduxit adscriptis veteranis,

    Suet. Ner. 9;

    so also of ambassadors,

    Phaedr. 4, 17, 16.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To reckon or number in a class, include among:

    adscripsit Liber Satyris poëtas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 13:

    scribe tui gregis hunc): aliquem ordinibus deorum,

    id. C. 3, 3, 35:

    nationes Germanis an Sarmatis adscribam, dubito,

    Tac. G. 46:

    aliquem antiquis temporibus,

    id. Or. 17.—
    2.
    To add or join to:

    ad hoc genus ascribamus etiam narrationes apologorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 264:

    admiratus eorum fidem tyrannus petivit, ut se ad amicitiam tertium adscriberent,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 45; so id. Tusc. 5, 22, 63; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5:

    tu vero ascribe me in talem numerum,

    id. Phil. 2, 13:

    suae alicujus sententiam,

    id. Opt. Gen. 6:

    unus A. Gabinius belli maritimi Cn. Pompeio socius ascribitur, i. e. additur,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19 fin. —Hence also of attributes of a deity:

    Jovi aquila adscribitur,

    is ascribed, Plin. 10, 5, 6, § 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adscribo

  • 14 antiqui

    antīquus, a, um, adj. [a diff. orthog. for anticus, from ante] (of that which is before in time, while anticus denotes that which is before in space; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2223 P.), that has been or has been done before, old, ancient, former (opp. novus, that has not previously existed, new; while vetus, that has existed a long time, is opp. recens, that has not been long in existence, recent; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 21; Lind. ad Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 154, and id. Capt. 1, 2, 29; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 82 sq.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    Juppiter Alcumenam rediget in antiquam concordiam conjugis,

    to her former harmony with her husband, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 13:

    hoc timet, Ne tua duritia antiqua illa etiam adaucta sit,

    thy former severity, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; so id. Hec. 1, 2, 17; Lucr. 2, 900:

    causam suscepisti antiquiorem memoriā tuā,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 25:

    tres epistulas tuas accepi: igitur antiquissimae cuique respondeo,

    id. Att. 9, 9: antiquior dies in tuis erat adscripta litteris, quam in Caesaris, an earlier or older date, id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 3, 58:

    Nilus antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo,

    Ov. M. 1, 423 et saep.— Hence, subst.
    A.
    antīqui, ōrum, m., the ancients, esp. the ancient writers (i. e. those whose age has been long past; while veteres denotes those who have lived and acted for a long time):

    antiquorum auctoritas,

    Cic. Am. 4, 13; so Hor. S. 1, 4, 117; 2, 2, 89 et saep.:

    quod decus antiqui summum bonum esse dixerunt,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55:

    habemus Scaurum in antiquis,

    id. Brut. 30, 116; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 78 et saep.—And so in gen.:

    in antiquis est sapientia,

    Vulg. Job, 12, 12:

    sapientia omnium antiquorum,

    ib. Eccli. 39, 1:

    dictum est antiquis,

    ib. Matt. 5, 21 al.:

    facere in antiquum,

    to restore a thing to its former condition, to place on its old footing, Liv. 33, 40 dub.—Antiquus and vetus are often conjoined: veterem atque antiquam rem ( old and antiquated) novam ad vos proferam, Plaut. Am. prol. 118; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Most. 2, 2, 45; id. Poen. 5, 2, 18; id. Pers. 1, 2, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 106; Plin. Ep. 3, 6:

    vetera tantum et antiqua mirari,

    Tac. Or. 15:

    simultas vetus et antiqua,

    Juv. 15, 53; so id. 6, 21 al.—
    B.
    an-tīquum, i, n., antiquity, the things of olden times:

    Nec quicquam antiqui Pico, nisi nomina, restat,

    Ov. M. 14, 396:

    novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5:

    antiqua ne intueamini,

    ib. Isa. 43, 18.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet., = praeteritus, past, gone by, former:

    vulnus,

    Ov. P. 1, 5, 38:

    vigor,

    id. Tr. 5, 12, 32:

    carcer,

    Luc. 6, 721; Val. Fl. 2, 394.—So often in eccl. Lat.:

    dies antiqui,

    Vulg. Deut. 4, 32; ib. Act. 15, 7:

    anni,

    ib. Mal. 3, 4:

    tempora,

    ib. Act. 15, 21.—
    B.
    In comp. and sup., that is before or first in rank or importance, more or most celebrated, famous, preferable, or better (antiquior:

    melior,

    Non. p. 425, 32): genere antiquior, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 3: quanto antiquius quam etc., Lucil. ib.; Varr. ib.: quod honestius, id mihi est antiquius, Cic. Att. 7, 3:

    antiquior ei fuit laus et gloria quam regnum,

    id. Div. 2, 37: antiquiorem mortem turpitudine habere, Auct. ad Her. 3, 3:

    neque habui quicquam antiquius quam ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 5:

    ne quid existimem antiquius,

    id. Phil. 13, 3: neque prius neque antiquius quicquam habuit, quam ut, etc., Vel. 2, 52; Suet. Claud. 11:

    judiciorum causam antiquissimam se habiturum dixit,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    navalis apparatus ei antiquissima cura fuit,

    id. Att. 10, 8; 12, 5; Liv. 1, 32; cf. id. 9, 31 al.—
    C.
    With the access. idea of simplicity, purity, innocence, of the old fashion, good, simple, honest, etc. (cf. antiquitas, II. A., and our phrase the good old times):

    antiquis est adulescens moribus,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 37; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    homo antiquā virtute et fide,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88:

    homines antiqui, qui ex suā naturā ceteros fingerent,

    people of the old stamp, Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

    vestigia antiqui officii,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    vide quam sim antiquorum hominum,

    id. Att. 9, 15:

    vir sanctus, antiquus,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 9.—
    D.
    With the access. idea of veneration, honor, old, venerable, illustrious: antiquum veteres etiam pro nobili posuere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Müll.:

    terra antiqua potens armis,

    Verg. A. 1, 531; 3, 164:

    urbs,

    id. ib. 11, 540:

    Longior antiquis visa Maeotis hiems,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 2:

    Sabinae,

    id. Med. 11:

    Amyclae,

    id. M. 8, 314. —So, in eccl. Lat., after the Heb., of God:

    Antiquus Dierum,

    the Ancient of Days, Vulg. Dan. 7, 9; 7, 13; 7, 22.—
    E.
    Sometimes = vetus, that has been in existence a long time, old: Athenae, antiquum opulentum oppidum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 470, 5:

    mos,

    id. ib. p. 506, 1: amnis, Att. ap. Non. p. 192, 6:

    hospes,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 82: veterem Anchisen agnoscit amicum); so,

    amicus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 9, 14:

    discipulus,

    ib. Act. 21, 16:

    artificium,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5:

    genus,

    Nep. Dat. 2, 2:

    templa,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 104:

    antiquissima scripta,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 28: saxum antiquum (i. e. which for a long time had lain in this place), ingens, etc., Verg. A. 12, 897:

    ne transfer terminos antiquos,

    Vulg. Prov. 22, 28 et saep.—Hence, subst.: antīquum, i, n., an old custom or habit.
    a.
    In mal. part.:

    antiquum hoc obtines tuum, tardus ut sis,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 102. —
    b.
    In bon. part.:

    O optume hospes, pol Crito antiquum obtines!

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 22:

    Ac tu ecastor morem antiquum atque ingenium obtines,

    id. Hec. 5, 4, 20.—
    F.
    Aged: antiqua erilis fida custos corporis, Enn. Medea, ap. Non. p. 39, 2 (as a transl. of the Gr. IIalaion oikôn ktêma despoinês emês): Cives antiqui, amici majorum meūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155:

    Butes,

    Verg. A. 9, 647:

    antiqui Neleïa Nestoris arva,

    Ov. H. 1, 63; Dig. 50, 3, 1.—Hence, adv.: antīquē and an-tīquĭtŭs (formed from antiquus, as humanitus, divinitus, from humanus, divinus; cf. Prisc. p. 1015).
    I.
    In former times, of old, anciently (only in prose; most freq. in the histt.; never in Cic.). Form antīquĭ-tŭs:

    Belgas Rhenum antiquitus transductos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 7, 32:

    tectum antiquitus constitutum,

    Nep. Att. 13, 2; Suet. Caes. 42; id. Aug. 60; 94; Vulg. Jos. 11, 10; ib. 1 Reg. 27, 8.— Sup.:

    Titanas in eā antiquissime regnāsse,

    Sol. 11.—
    II.
    From ancient times; form antīquĭtŭs; sometimes with inde or ab... ad, Plin. Pan. 31:

    cum Pythagoras acceptam sine dubio antiquitus opinionem vulgaverit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 12:

    jam inde antiquitus insita pertinacia,

    Liv. 9, 29:

    hi sunt jam inde antiquitus castellani, etc.,

    id. 34, 27; Plin. Pan. 82, 7:

    cum (hoc studium) antiquitus usque a Chirone ad nostra tempora apud omnes duraverit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 30.—
    III.
    In the old way, style, or fashion; form antīquē:

    nimis antique dicere,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66.— Comp.:

    simplicius et antiquius permutatione mercium uti,

    in the simpler and more ancient manner, Tac. G. 5.—Esp., in the good old style, the way or fashion of former times: quanto antiquius, quam facere hoc, fecisse videatis, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 426, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > antiqui

  • 15 antiquum

    antīquus, a, um, adj. [a diff. orthog. for anticus, from ante] (of that which is before in time, while anticus denotes that which is before in space; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2223 P.), that has been or has been done before, old, ancient, former (opp. novus, that has not previously existed, new; while vetus, that has existed a long time, is opp. recens, that has not been long in existence, recent; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 21; Lind. ad Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 154, and id. Capt. 1, 2, 29; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 82 sq.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    Juppiter Alcumenam rediget in antiquam concordiam conjugis,

    to her former harmony with her husband, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 13:

    hoc timet, Ne tua duritia antiqua illa etiam adaucta sit,

    thy former severity, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; so id. Hec. 1, 2, 17; Lucr. 2, 900:

    causam suscepisti antiquiorem memoriā tuā,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 25:

    tres epistulas tuas accepi: igitur antiquissimae cuique respondeo,

    id. Att. 9, 9: antiquior dies in tuis erat adscripta litteris, quam in Caesaris, an earlier or older date, id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 3, 58:

    Nilus antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo,

    Ov. M. 1, 423 et saep.— Hence, subst.
    A.
    antīqui, ōrum, m., the ancients, esp. the ancient writers (i. e. those whose age has been long past; while veteres denotes those who have lived and acted for a long time):

    antiquorum auctoritas,

    Cic. Am. 4, 13; so Hor. S. 1, 4, 117; 2, 2, 89 et saep.:

    quod decus antiqui summum bonum esse dixerunt,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55:

    habemus Scaurum in antiquis,

    id. Brut. 30, 116; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 78 et saep.—And so in gen.:

    in antiquis est sapientia,

    Vulg. Job, 12, 12:

    sapientia omnium antiquorum,

    ib. Eccli. 39, 1:

    dictum est antiquis,

    ib. Matt. 5, 21 al.:

    facere in antiquum,

    to restore a thing to its former condition, to place on its old footing, Liv. 33, 40 dub.—Antiquus and vetus are often conjoined: veterem atque antiquam rem ( old and antiquated) novam ad vos proferam, Plaut. Am. prol. 118; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Most. 2, 2, 45; id. Poen. 5, 2, 18; id. Pers. 1, 2, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 106; Plin. Ep. 3, 6:

    vetera tantum et antiqua mirari,

    Tac. Or. 15:

    simultas vetus et antiqua,

    Juv. 15, 53; so id. 6, 21 al.—
    B.
    an-tīquum, i, n., antiquity, the things of olden times:

    Nec quicquam antiqui Pico, nisi nomina, restat,

    Ov. M. 14, 396:

    novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5:

    antiqua ne intueamini,

    ib. Isa. 43, 18.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet., = praeteritus, past, gone by, former:

    vulnus,

    Ov. P. 1, 5, 38:

    vigor,

    id. Tr. 5, 12, 32:

    carcer,

    Luc. 6, 721; Val. Fl. 2, 394.—So often in eccl. Lat.:

    dies antiqui,

    Vulg. Deut. 4, 32; ib. Act. 15, 7:

    anni,

    ib. Mal. 3, 4:

    tempora,

    ib. Act. 15, 21.—
    B.
    In comp. and sup., that is before or first in rank or importance, more or most celebrated, famous, preferable, or better (antiquior:

    melior,

    Non. p. 425, 32): genere antiquior, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 3: quanto antiquius quam etc., Lucil. ib.; Varr. ib.: quod honestius, id mihi est antiquius, Cic. Att. 7, 3:

    antiquior ei fuit laus et gloria quam regnum,

    id. Div. 2, 37: antiquiorem mortem turpitudine habere, Auct. ad Her. 3, 3:

    neque habui quicquam antiquius quam ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 5:

    ne quid existimem antiquius,

    id. Phil. 13, 3: neque prius neque antiquius quicquam habuit, quam ut, etc., Vel. 2, 52; Suet. Claud. 11:

    judiciorum causam antiquissimam se habiturum dixit,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    navalis apparatus ei antiquissima cura fuit,

    id. Att. 10, 8; 12, 5; Liv. 1, 32; cf. id. 9, 31 al.—
    C.
    With the access. idea of simplicity, purity, innocence, of the old fashion, good, simple, honest, etc. (cf. antiquitas, II. A., and our phrase the good old times):

    antiquis est adulescens moribus,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 37; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    homo antiquā virtute et fide,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88:

    homines antiqui, qui ex suā naturā ceteros fingerent,

    people of the old stamp, Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

    vestigia antiqui officii,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    vide quam sim antiquorum hominum,

    id. Att. 9, 15:

    vir sanctus, antiquus,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 9.—
    D.
    With the access. idea of veneration, honor, old, venerable, illustrious: antiquum veteres etiam pro nobili posuere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Müll.:

    terra antiqua potens armis,

    Verg. A. 1, 531; 3, 164:

    urbs,

    id. ib. 11, 540:

    Longior antiquis visa Maeotis hiems,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 2:

    Sabinae,

    id. Med. 11:

    Amyclae,

    id. M. 8, 314. —So, in eccl. Lat., after the Heb., of God:

    Antiquus Dierum,

    the Ancient of Days, Vulg. Dan. 7, 9; 7, 13; 7, 22.—
    E.
    Sometimes = vetus, that has been in existence a long time, old: Athenae, antiquum opulentum oppidum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 470, 5:

    mos,

    id. ib. p. 506, 1: amnis, Att. ap. Non. p. 192, 6:

    hospes,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 82: veterem Anchisen agnoscit amicum); so,

    amicus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 9, 14:

    discipulus,

    ib. Act. 21, 16:

    artificium,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5:

    genus,

    Nep. Dat. 2, 2:

    templa,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 104:

    antiquissima scripta,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 28: saxum antiquum (i. e. which for a long time had lain in this place), ingens, etc., Verg. A. 12, 897:

    ne transfer terminos antiquos,

    Vulg. Prov. 22, 28 et saep.—Hence, subst.: antīquum, i, n., an old custom or habit.
    a.
    In mal. part.:

    antiquum hoc obtines tuum, tardus ut sis,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 102. —
    b.
    In bon. part.:

    O optume hospes, pol Crito antiquum obtines!

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 22:

    Ac tu ecastor morem antiquum atque ingenium obtines,

    id. Hec. 5, 4, 20.—
    F.
    Aged: antiqua erilis fida custos corporis, Enn. Medea, ap. Non. p. 39, 2 (as a transl. of the Gr. IIalaion oikôn ktêma despoinês emês): Cives antiqui, amici majorum meūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155:

    Butes,

    Verg. A. 9, 647:

    antiqui Neleïa Nestoris arva,

    Ov. H. 1, 63; Dig. 50, 3, 1.—Hence, adv.: antīquē and an-tīquĭtŭs (formed from antiquus, as humanitus, divinitus, from humanus, divinus; cf. Prisc. p. 1015).
    I.
    In former times, of old, anciently (only in prose; most freq. in the histt.; never in Cic.). Form antīquĭ-tŭs:

    Belgas Rhenum antiquitus transductos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 7, 32:

    tectum antiquitus constitutum,

    Nep. Att. 13, 2; Suet. Caes. 42; id. Aug. 60; 94; Vulg. Jos. 11, 10; ib. 1 Reg. 27, 8.— Sup.:

    Titanas in eā antiquissime regnāsse,

    Sol. 11.—
    II.
    From ancient times; form antīquĭtŭs; sometimes with inde or ab... ad, Plin. Pan. 31:

    cum Pythagoras acceptam sine dubio antiquitus opinionem vulgaverit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 12:

    jam inde antiquitus insita pertinacia,

    Liv. 9, 29:

    hi sunt jam inde antiquitus castellani, etc.,

    id. 34, 27; Plin. Pan. 82, 7:

    cum (hoc studium) antiquitus usque a Chirone ad nostra tempora apud omnes duraverit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 30.—
    III.
    In the old way, style, or fashion; form antīquē:

    nimis antique dicere,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66.— Comp.:

    simplicius et antiquius permutatione mercium uti,

    in the simpler and more ancient manner, Tac. G. 5.—Esp., in the good old style, the way or fashion of former times: quanto antiquius, quam facere hoc, fecisse videatis, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 426, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > antiquum

  • 16 antiquus

    antīquus, a, um, adj. [a diff. orthog. for anticus, from ante] (of that which is before in time, while anticus denotes that which is before in space; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2223 P.), that has been or has been done before, old, ancient, former (opp. novus, that has not previously existed, new; while vetus, that has existed a long time, is opp. recens, that has not been long in existence, recent; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 21; Lind. ad Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 154, and id. Capt. 1, 2, 29; Doed. Syn. IV. p. 82 sq.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    Juppiter Alcumenam rediget in antiquam concordiam conjugis,

    to her former harmony with her husband, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 13:

    hoc timet, Ne tua duritia antiqua illa etiam adaucta sit,

    thy former severity, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 26; so id. Hec. 1, 2, 17; Lucr. 2, 900:

    causam suscepisti antiquiorem memoriā tuā,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 9, 25:

    tres epistulas tuas accepi: igitur antiquissimae cuique respondeo,

    id. Att. 9, 9: antiquior dies in tuis erat adscripta litteris, quam in Caesaris, an earlier or older date, id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 3, 58:

    Nilus antiquo sua flumina reddidit alveo,

    Ov. M. 1, 423 et saep.— Hence, subst.
    A.
    antīqui, ōrum, m., the ancients, esp. the ancient writers (i. e. those whose age has been long past; while veteres denotes those who have lived and acted for a long time):

    antiquorum auctoritas,

    Cic. Am. 4, 13; so Hor. S. 1, 4, 117; 2, 2, 89 et saep.:

    quod decus antiqui summum bonum esse dixerunt,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55:

    habemus Scaurum in antiquis,

    id. Brut. 30, 116; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 78 et saep.—And so in gen.:

    in antiquis est sapientia,

    Vulg. Job, 12, 12:

    sapientia omnium antiquorum,

    ib. Eccli. 39, 1:

    dictum est antiquis,

    ib. Matt. 5, 21 al.:

    facere in antiquum,

    to restore a thing to its former condition, to place on its old footing, Liv. 33, 40 dub.—Antiquus and vetus are often conjoined: veterem atque antiquam rem ( old and antiquated) novam ad vos proferam, Plaut. Am. prol. 118; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Most. 2, 2, 45; id. Poen. 5, 2, 18; id. Pers. 1, 2, 1; id. Trin. 2, 2, 106; Plin. Ep. 3, 6:

    vetera tantum et antiqua mirari,

    Tac. Or. 15:

    simultas vetus et antiqua,

    Juv. 15, 53; so id. 6, 21 al.—
    B.
    an-tīquum, i, n., antiquity, the things of olden times:

    Nec quicquam antiqui Pico, nisi nomina, restat,

    Ov. M. 14, 396:

    novissima et antiqua,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 5:

    antiqua ne intueamini,

    ib. Isa. 43, 18.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet., = praeteritus, past, gone by, former:

    vulnus,

    Ov. P. 1, 5, 38:

    vigor,

    id. Tr. 5, 12, 32:

    carcer,

    Luc. 6, 721; Val. Fl. 2, 394.—So often in eccl. Lat.:

    dies antiqui,

    Vulg. Deut. 4, 32; ib. Act. 15, 7:

    anni,

    ib. Mal. 3, 4:

    tempora,

    ib. Act. 15, 21.—
    B.
    In comp. and sup., that is before or first in rank or importance, more or most celebrated, famous, preferable, or better (antiquior:

    melior,

    Non. p. 425, 32): genere antiquior, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 3: quanto antiquius quam etc., Lucil. ib.; Varr. ib.: quod honestius, id mihi est antiquius, Cic. Att. 7, 3:

    antiquior ei fuit laus et gloria quam regnum,

    id. Div. 2, 37: antiquiorem mortem turpitudine habere, Auct. ad Her. 3, 3:

    neque habui quicquam antiquius quam ut, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 5:

    ne quid existimem antiquius,

    id. Phil. 13, 3: neque prius neque antiquius quicquam habuit, quam ut, etc., Vel. 2, 52; Suet. Claud. 11:

    judiciorum causam antiquissimam se habiturum dixit,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    navalis apparatus ei antiquissima cura fuit,

    id. Att. 10, 8; 12, 5; Liv. 1, 32; cf. id. 9, 31 al.—
    C.
    With the access. idea of simplicity, purity, innocence, of the old fashion, good, simple, honest, etc. (cf. antiquitas, II. A., and our phrase the good old times):

    antiquis est adulescens moribus,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 37; cf. id. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    homo antiquā virtute et fide,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 88:

    homines antiqui, qui ex suā naturā ceteros fingerent,

    people of the old stamp, Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 26:

    vestigia antiqui officii,

    id. ib. 10, 27:

    vide quam sim antiquorum hominum,

    id. Att. 9, 15:

    vir sanctus, antiquus,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 9.—
    D.
    With the access. idea of veneration, honor, old, venerable, illustrious: antiquum veteres etiam pro nobili posuere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 22 Müll.:

    terra antiqua potens armis,

    Verg. A. 1, 531; 3, 164:

    urbs,

    id. ib. 11, 540:

    Longior antiquis visa Maeotis hiems,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 2:

    Sabinae,

    id. Med. 11:

    Amyclae,

    id. M. 8, 314. —So, in eccl. Lat., after the Heb., of God:

    Antiquus Dierum,

    the Ancient of Days, Vulg. Dan. 7, 9; 7, 13; 7, 22.—
    E.
    Sometimes = vetus, that has been in existence a long time, old: Athenae, antiquum opulentum oppidum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 470, 5:

    mos,

    id. ib. p. 506, 1: amnis, Att. ap. Non. p. 192, 6:

    hospes,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 (cf. Verg. A. 3, 82: veterem Anchisen agnoscit amicum); so,

    amicus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 9, 14:

    discipulus,

    ib. Act. 21, 16:

    artificium,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5:

    genus,

    Nep. Dat. 2, 2:

    templa,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 104:

    antiquissima scripta,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 28: saxum antiquum (i. e. which for a long time had lain in this place), ingens, etc., Verg. A. 12, 897:

    ne transfer terminos antiquos,

    Vulg. Prov. 22, 28 et saep.—Hence, subst.: antīquum, i, n., an old custom or habit.
    a.
    In mal. part.:

    antiquum hoc obtines tuum, tardus ut sis,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 102. —
    b.
    In bon. part.:

    O optume hospes, pol Crito antiquum obtines!

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 22:

    Ac tu ecastor morem antiquum atque ingenium obtines,

    id. Hec. 5, 4, 20.—
    F.
    Aged: antiqua erilis fida custos corporis, Enn. Medea, ap. Non. p. 39, 2 (as a transl. of the Gr. IIalaion oikôn ktêma despoinês emês): Cives antiqui, amici majorum meūm, Pac. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155:

    Butes,

    Verg. A. 9, 647:

    antiqui Neleïa Nestoris arva,

    Ov. H. 1, 63; Dig. 50, 3, 1.—Hence, adv.: antīquē and an-tīquĭtŭs (formed from antiquus, as humanitus, divinitus, from humanus, divinus; cf. Prisc. p. 1015).
    I.
    In former times, of old, anciently (only in prose; most freq. in the histt.; never in Cic.). Form antīquĭ-tŭs:

    Belgas Rhenum antiquitus transductos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 7, 32:

    tectum antiquitus constitutum,

    Nep. Att. 13, 2; Suet. Caes. 42; id. Aug. 60; 94; Vulg. Jos. 11, 10; ib. 1 Reg. 27, 8.— Sup.:

    Titanas in eā antiquissime regnāsse,

    Sol. 11.—
    II.
    From ancient times; form antīquĭtŭs; sometimes with inde or ab... ad, Plin. Pan. 31:

    cum Pythagoras acceptam sine dubio antiquitus opinionem vulgaverit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 12:

    jam inde antiquitus insita pertinacia,

    Liv. 9, 29:

    hi sunt jam inde antiquitus castellani, etc.,

    id. 34, 27; Plin. Pan. 82, 7:

    cum (hoc studium) antiquitus usque a Chirone ad nostra tempora apud omnes duraverit,

    Quint. 1, 10, 30.—
    III.
    In the old way, style, or fashion; form antīquē:

    nimis antique dicere,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66.— Comp.:

    simplicius et antiquius permutatione mercium uti,

    in the simpler and more ancient manner, Tac. G. 5.—Esp., in the good old style, the way or fashion of former times: quanto antiquius, quam facere hoc, fecisse videatis, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 426, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > antiquus

  • 17 ascribo

    a-scrībo ( ads-, Baiter, Halm, Weissenb., K. and H.; as-, Kayser), psi, ptum, 3, v. a., to annex by writing, to add to a writing (syn.: annumero, addo, insero, attribuo, tribuo).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., constr. absol. or with dat., in with acc. or abl.
    a.
    Absol.:

    non solum illud perscribunt, quod tum prohibiti sunt, sed etiam causam ascribunt cur etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35:

    illud minime auguris, quod adscripsit, ob eam causam, etc.,

    id. Div. 1, 16, 29.—
    b.
    With dat.:

    Terentia salutem tibi plurimam adscribit,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.:

    coheredem sibi libertum ejus adscriptum,

    Suet. Vit. 14.—
    c.
    With in with acc. or abl.: hoc tibi respondeo: ascripsisse eundem Sullam in eandem legem: si quid, etc.: nam nisi esset, hoc in omnibus legibus non ascriberetur, Cic. Caecin. 33, 95 (B. and K., in eādem lege):

    antiquior dies in tuis adscripta litteris,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3:

    in alterā epistulā diem non adscribis,

    do not add the date, id. Att. 3, 23:

    nomen suum in albo profitentium citharoedorum jussit adscribi,

    Suet. Ner. 21; id. Tib. 51 al.—Esp. freq. of superscriptions and inscriptions:

    Recita epistulam. TIMARCHIDES VERRIS ACCENSVS APRONIO. Jam hoc quidem non reprehendo, quod ascribit ACCENSVS,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66:

    non credo ascripturum esse magno,

    id. Agr. 2, 20:

    novo si marmori adscripserunt Praxitelem suo,

    Phaedr. 5, prol. 6:

    tumulo publice exstructo adscripserant, pro libertate eos occubuisse,

    Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

    ut qui statuarum titulis pronepotem se Q. Catuli Capitolini semper adscripserit,

    id. Galb. 2; id. Ner. 45; id. Aug. 70.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To impute, ascribe, attribute to one the cause of something:

    hoc incommodum Scipioni ascribendum videtur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 49:

    panaces diis inventoribus adscriptum,

    Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 81;

    and (per hypallagen, cf. Rudd. II. p. 393): cur autem ascribimus illum his lacrimis (instead of illi has lacrimas),

    id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 419; cf. id. Idyll. 6, 81:

    nomini meo adscribatur victoria,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 12, 28.—
    2.
    To place to one's credit, i. e. to settle, fix, designate, appoint:

    eidem (servo) adscripsisse legatum,

    bequeathed to him, Plin. Ep. 4, 10.— Poet.:

    culpam lues, olim cum adscriptus venerit poenae dies,

    Phaedr. 4, 11, 8.—
    3.
    Adscribere sibi aliquid, to apply, refer something to one's self:

    qui facere quae non possunt, verbis elevant, Adscribere hoc debebunt exemplum sibi,

    Phaedr. 4, 3, 6.—
    II.
    A.. Esp., t. t., to enroll, enter in a list ( as citizen, soldier, colonist, etc.):

    ascribi se in eam civitatem voluit,

    to be entered, received as a citizen, Cic. Arch. 4:

    si qui foederatis civitatibus ascripti fuissent,

    id. ib.:

    urbanae militiae adscribebatur,

    Tac. H. 2, 94:

    adscribantur ex Judaeis in exercitu regis ad triginta milia virorum,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 36: adscripti dicebantur qui in colonias nomina dedissent, ut essent coloni, Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.:

    colonos Venusiam adscripserunt,

    Liv. 31, 49; so id. 32, 7; 33, 24; 34, 42;

    35, 9 al.: coloniam deduxit adscriptis veteranis,

    Suet. Ner. 9;

    so also of ambassadors,

    Phaedr. 4, 17, 16.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To reckon or number in a class, include among:

    adscripsit Liber Satyris poëtas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 13:

    scribe tui gregis hunc): aliquem ordinibus deorum,

    id. C. 3, 3, 35:

    nationes Germanis an Sarmatis adscribam, dubito,

    Tac. G. 46:

    aliquem antiquis temporibus,

    id. Or. 17.—
    2.
    To add or join to:

    ad hoc genus ascribamus etiam narrationes apologorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 264:

    admiratus eorum fidem tyrannus petivit, ut se ad amicitiam tertium adscriberent,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 45; so id. Tusc. 5, 22, 63; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5:

    tu vero ascribe me in talem numerum,

    id. Phil. 2, 13:

    suae alicujus sententiam,

    id. Opt. Gen. 6:

    unus A. Gabinius belli maritimi Cn. Pompeio socius ascribitur, i. e. additur,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19 fin. —Hence also of attributes of a deity:

    Jovi aquila adscribitur,

    is ascribed, Plin. 10, 5, 6, § 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ascribo

  • 18 certus

    certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.
    I.
    (Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

    certum'st hominem eludere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

    tibi credere,

    id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

    certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

    Liv. 2, 45, 13:

    certum est igni circumdare muros,

    Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

    certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

    certum est, jam dicam patri,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

    certum est, ibo ad medicum,

    id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

    so further with istuc,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

    mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

    Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

    ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

    quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

    certa res hanc est objurgare,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—
    b.
    (From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.
    (α).
    With inf.:

    certa mori,

    Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

    decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

    Ov. M. 9, 43:

    certa sequi,

    Val. Fl. 5, 47.—
    (β).
    With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

    A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

    Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

    desciscendi,

    Tac. H. 4, 14:

    relinquendae vitae,

    id. A. 4, 34:

    necis,

    Sil. 6, 27:

    fugae,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

    destinationis,

    Tac. A. 12, 32:

    sceleris,

    id. ib. 12, 66:

    consilii,

    id. H. 2, 46.—
    (γ).
    With an:

    nec sat certa an cederet armis,

    Sil. 9, 480.—
    II.
    An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

    with praefinitus,

    Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).
    A.
    Object.
    1.
    Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

    Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

    Lucr. 6, 783:

    fruges, bacae,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

    id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    concilium in diem certam indicere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

    so with dies,

    a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

    certis diebus,

    Verg. G. 2, 329:

    quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

    certum praefinitumque tempus,

    id. Galb. 14; and:

    certum statumque vectigal,

    id. Calig. 40:

    pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

    Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

    locus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

    numerus,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    signum,

    fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

    naves,

    fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

    pecuniae imperabantur,

    id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

    conviva,

    i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

    ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—
    b.
    But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

    Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

    habet certos sui studiosos,

    id. Brut. 16, 64:

    (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

    id. Sest. 27, 58:

    certi homines ad eam rem periti,

    id. ib. 18, 41:

    res a certis hominibus corrupta,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

    ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

    Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

    11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

    id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

    in his certos aliquos docebit,

    id. 2, 8, 13.—
    2.
    Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).
    a.
    Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

    tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

    certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

    certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

    auctor (mortis),

    Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

    adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

    Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

    per litora certos dimittam,

    Verg. A. 1, 576:

    certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

    id. G. 1, 432.—
    b.
    Of things:

    satis animo certo et confirmato,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

    pectora,

    Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

    promissa,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

    parata dicendi copia et certa,

    Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

    9: jus,

    id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

    jactus (telorum),

    Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

    in this sense certa hasta,

    Verg. A. 11, 767:

    sagitta,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

    fides segetis,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

    spes,

    id. C. S. 74:

    trames,

    id. S. 2, 3, 49:

    lar,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

    plana et certa,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

    certa et clara,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

    certa maris,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    B.
    Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

    cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

    incerta pro certis malebant,

    Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

    incerta pro certis mutare,

    id. J. 83, 1:

    postremo certior res,

    Liv. 29, 6, 12:

    certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

    hisce oculis egomet vidi,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

    jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

    id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

    cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

    Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

    id parum certum est,

    Liv. 5, 35, 3:

    cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

    Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

    nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

    neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

    id. B. C. 1, 25:

    si quicquam humanorum certi est,

    Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

    Certum non scimus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

    certum habere,

    to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

    certum respondeo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

    negare,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

    polliceri,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

    dicere aliquid,

    id. Brut. 3, 10:

    ponere,

    Liv. 23, 6, 8:

    scire,

    id. 25, 10, 1:

    affirmare,

    id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

    creditur,

    Sall. C. 15, 2:

    coeperit esse,

    Quint. 5, 12, 2:

    certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

    quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

    et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

    Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

    certo certius,

    Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—
    2.
    Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

    certi sumus periisse omnia,

    Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

    num quid nunc es certior?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

    posteritatis,

    i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

    sententiae,

    Quint. 4, 3, 8:

    judicii,

    Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

    certus de suā geniturā,

    Suet. Vesp. 25:

    damnationis,

    id. Tib. 61:

    exitii,

    Tac. A. 1, 27:

    spei,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    matrimonii,

    id. A. 12, 3:

    certi sumus, etc.,

    Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

    me certiorem face,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

    ut nos facias certiores,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

    uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

    qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

    Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

    faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

    Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

    milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin. — Pass.:

    quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

    Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

    factus certior, quae res gererentur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

    non consulibus certioribus factis,

    Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

    fac me certum quid tibi est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

    lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

    Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
    A.
    certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.
    1.
    Object.:

    perii certo, haud arbitrario,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

    mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

    nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Subject.
    a.
    In gen. (very rare):

    certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

    ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    b.
    Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

    certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

    quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

    Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

    veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

    Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—
    B.
    certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).
    I.
    Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.
    1.
    Object.:

    certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

    ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    certe hercle,

    id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

    quom is certe Renuntiarit,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

    certe captus est!

    id. And. 1, 1, 55:

    certe ut videamur cernere eum,

    Lucr. 4, 760:

    si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

    fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

    id. Planc. 16, 38:

    ea certe vera sunt,

    id. Mil. 35, 96:

    M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

    cum se certe decessurum videret,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

    certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

    Verg. A. 1, 234:

    o dea certe,

    a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

    postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

    placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

    Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

    speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

    Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

    si reperire vocas amittere certius,

    Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—
    b.
    In an answer of affirmation:

    estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—
    2.
    Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

    certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

    edepol certo scio,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

    scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

    ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

    id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

    quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—
    c.
    In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

    ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —
    (β).
    In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—
    II.
    Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).
    A.
    Alone:

    si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

    cingitur, certe expedit se,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

    ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

    haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

    qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

    res fortasse verae, certe graves,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

    consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

    id. 22, 34, 11:

    quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

    Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

    quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

    ego certe,

    Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

    certe ego,

    Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

    mihi certe,

    Quint. 10, 3, 23:

    ipse certe,

    id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—
    B.
    With other particles.
    1.
    With tamen:

    illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—
    2.
    With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—
    3.
    With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —
    4.
    With quidem:

    ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

    quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

    id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

    certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

    hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > certus

  • 19 Philomela

    Phĭlŏmēla, ae, f., = Philomêlê.
    I.
    Lit., daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, and sister of Progne; she was violated by her brother-in-law, Tereus, and was changed into a nightingale:

    respondeo, Natas ex Philomelā atque ex Progne esse hirundines,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 12; Hyg. Fab. 45; Ov. M. 6, 424 sq.; Verg. E. 6, 79 Serv.; Mart. 14, 75, 1.—
    II.
    Transf., the nightingale ( poet.), Verg. G. 4, 511.—
    B.
    The swallow:

    mortalium penatibus fiducialis nidos philomela suspendit,

    Cassiod. Var. 8, 31.—
    C.
    The name of a play, Juv. 7, 92.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Philomela

  • 20 praepono

    prae-pōno, pŏsui, pŏsĭtum, 3 (old perf. praeposivi, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 11.—Sync. form praepostus, Lucr. 6, 999), v. a., to put or set before, to place first (syn.: praefero, praeficio).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    versus, in primā fronte libelli,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 33:

    praeponens ultima primis,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59; Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

    oportet, ut aedibus ac templis vestibula et aditus, sic causis principia proportione rerum praeponere,

    id. de Or. 2, 79, 320:

    de quā priusquam respondeo, pauca praeponam,

    I will first make a few observations, id. Fam. 11, 27, 1.—
    B.
    In partic., to place or set over as chief, commander, or superintendent, to place at the head of, intrust with the charge or command of; to appoint or depute as:

    unum illum ex omnibus delegistis, quem bello praedonum praeponeretis,

    to appoint commander in the war, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63:

    hibernis Labienum praeposuit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

    sinistro cornu Antonium praeposuerat,

    id. B. C. 3, 89:

    aliquem provinciae,

    to appoint as governor, Cic. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

    negotio,

    to charge with the management of an affair, id. ib. 15, 4, 10:

    navibus,

    to appoint admiral, id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101:

    vectigalibus,

    to appoint minister of finance, Tac. A. 15, 18:

    Bibulus toti officio maritimo praepositus,

    superintendent of all maritime affairs, Caes. B. C. 3, 5:

    praepositus cubiculo,

    chamberlain, Suet. Dom. 16:

    sacerdos oraculo praeposita,

    that presides over, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 76:

    aliquem custodem alicui loco,

    to appoint keeper of a place, Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 67:

    illum exercitibus,

    Juv. 10, 92.—
    C.
    To place or set upon:

    fronti praeponere olivam,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 7 (cf.: [p. 1426] comis praetexere frondes, Sen. Med. 70).—
    II.
    Trop., to set before or above, to prefer:

    lucrum praeposivi sopori et quieti,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 11:

    se alteri,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 59:

    salutem rei publicae vitae suae,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15:

    amicitiam patriae,

    id. Rab. Perd. 8, 23:

    necessaria gloriosis,

    Vell. 2, 110, 3:

    multum mihi praestat, si me Mazaeo generum praeponit,

    Curt. 4, 11, 20:

    Prochytam Suburrae,

    Juv. 3, 5.—Hence, praepŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a.—As subst.
    A.
    praepŏsĭtus, i, m., a prefect, president, head, chief, overseer, director, commander:

    legatorum tuorum,

    Cic. Pis. 36, 88; Tac. H. 1, 36:

    quod (milites) praepositos suos occiderant,

    Suet. Oth. 1: rerum curae Caesaris, director, S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 13:

    aquarum,

    water-inspector, Front. Aquaed. 17; 100; 117:

    cubiculi,

    a chamberlain, Amm. 14, 10, 5.—Of the governor of a province; with dat.:

    Illyrico, Dalmatiae, etc.,

    Vell. 2, 112, 2; 2, 116, 2; absol., Suet. Galb. 12; 16; id. Oth. 1 al.; Vulg. Act. 7, 10.—
    B.
    praepŏsĭta, ae, f. (eccl. Lat.), a prioress or abbess, Aug. Civ. Dei, 21, 8; id. Ep. 211.—
    C.
    With the Stoics, praepŏsĭta, ōrum, n., for the Gr. proêgmena, preferable or advantageous things, but which are not to be called absolutely good; such as wealth, beauty, etc. (class.): ista bona non dico, sed dicam Graece proêgmena, Latine autem producta:

    sed praeposita, aut praecipua malo,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 26, 72 sq.:

    bonum negas esse divitias, praepositum esse dicis,

    id. ib. 4, 26, 73; cf.

    also,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 52; 54.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praepono

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