rĭgĕo

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rĭgĕo, ēre, v. n. [prob. kindr. with rhigeô, frigeo], to be stiff or numb; to stiffen (syn.: concresco, conglacio).

Lit. (class.).

With cold:

frigore,

Lucr. 3, 891; Cic. Tusc. 1, 28, 69 (opp. uri calore):

gelu,

Liv. 21, 32; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 30; id. Pan. 82, 5:

prata rigent,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 3:

stagnum,

Col. 8, 17, 2:

corpora omnibus,

Liv. 21, 54; cf. poet.:

horridus December,

Mart. 7, 95.—

Of any physical stiffness:

gelido comae terrore rigebant,

stood on end, bristled up, Ov. M. 3, 100; so,

ora indurata,

id. ib. 14, 503:

ardua cervix (with horrent setae),

id. ib. 8, 284:

cerealia dona rigent,

i. e. are hardened into gold, id. ib. 11, 122:

vestes auroque ostroque,

are stiff, stand out, Verg. A. 11, 72; cf.:

terga boum plumbo insuto ferroque,

id. ib. 5, 405:

manicae ex auro,

Sil. 4, 155:

signa,

Lucr. 5, 1427.—

Poet., transf., to stand stiff or upright:

(pars summa scopuli) riget,

Ov. M. 4, 526; 6, 573:

late riget Tmolus,

id. ib. 11, 150:

sine frondibus arbos,

id. ib. 13, 691:

illitterati num minus nervi rigent?

Hor. Epod. 8, 17.—

Trop., to remain unmoved, inert (very rare):

feritas immota riget,

Mart. 5, 31, 5. —Hence, rĭgens, entis, P. a., stiff, inflexible, rigid, unbending (mostly post-class.).

Lit.:

secui madidas ungue rigente genas,

Ov. H. 5, 72:

lorica ex aere,

Verg. A. 8, 621:

aqua,

i. e. frozen, Mart. 14, 117:

pars mundi ipsis aquilonis conceptaculis rigentissima,

Sol. 15:

caput (with praedurum),

rigid, Quint. 11, 3, 69; cf. id. 2, 13, 9: interque rigentes (partes terrae), Tib. 4, 1, 165:

gelu flumina,

Plin. Pan. 82, 5.—

Trop., stubborn, inflexible, unyielding:

animus,

Sen. Hippol. 413; cf.:

vir tot malis,

id. Thyest. 304.

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frīgus, ŏris, n. [Gr. rhigos, cold, pigeô;

the connection with Lat. rĭgeo, rĭgor, is doubtful,

Curt. Gr. Etym. 353; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 451], cold, coldness, coolness (for syn. cf.: algor, gelu, rigor, glacies, pruina).

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

nec calor (mihi obsistet) nec frigus metuo,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 19;

so opp. calor,

Lucr. 2, 517; 6, 371; Cic. Univ. 14 med.; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; Verg. G. 2, 344; 4, 35:

calidis torrescere flammis aut... rigere Frigore,

Lucr. 3, 892:

cum esset vinctus nudus in aëre, in imbri, in frigore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87:

vix in ipsis tectis frigus vitatur,

id. Fam. 16, 8, 2:

fere matutinis temporibus frigus est,

coolness, Cels. 2, 1; cf.:

frigus captabis opacum,

Verg. E. 1, 53; Hor. C. 3, 13, 10; Ov. M. 10, 129:

quae frigore sola Dormiat,

in the cold night, Tib. 1, 8, 39:

cum Appius senatum coegisset, tantum fuit frigus ut coactus sit nos dimittere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 12, 1.—In plur.:

nec frigora quimus usurpare oculis,

Lucr. 1, 300:

ut tectis saepti frigora caloresque pellamus,

the cold, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151; cf.:

ex verna intemperie variante calores frigoraque,

Liv. 22, 2, 10:

tecta quibus frigorum vis pellitur,

Cic. Off. 2, 4, 13:

propter frigora... frumenta in agris matura non erant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 2:

Alpinae nives et frigora Rheni,

Verg. E. 10, 47:

Scythiae,

Ov. M. 2, 224:

Peligna,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 8:

matutina,

id. S. 2, 6, 45:

nocturna,

Liv. 40, 22, 7:

intolerabilia,

id. 21, 58, 1:

ficum frigoribus ne serito,

in cold weather, Col. 5, 10, 9:

quisquam picta colit Spartani frigora saxi,

i. e. the variegated cold marble floor, Mart. 1, 56, 5; Tac. Agr. 12; id. G. 16; Suet. Aug. 81.—

In partic. ( poet.).

The cold of winter, winter (like calor for summer;

v. calor): lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit,

Verg. E. 2, 22:

ante focum, si frigus erit,

id. ib. 5, 70:

quae frigore sola dormiat,

Tib. 1, 8, 39:

per medium frigus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 5.— Plur.:

frigoribus parto agricolae plerumque fruuntur,

Verg. G. 1, 300:

frigoribus mediis,

id. E. 10, 65.—

A chill, fever:

tentatum frigore corpus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 80.—

The coldness of death, death:

et gelidos artus in leti frigore linquit,

Lucr. 3, 401:

aeternum leti,

id. 4, 924:

letale,

Ov. M. 2, 611:

supremum animae,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 20:

ast illi solvuntur frigore membra Vitaque cum gemitu fugit,

Verg. A. 12, 951 (diff. from the foll.).—

A cold shudder produced by fear:

extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra, Ingemit, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 92.—

Transf., a cold region or place:

frigus non habitabile,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 51:

et quodcumque jacet sub urbe frigus,

Mart. 4, 64, 14.—

Trop. (cf. frigeo and frigidus, II.; not in Cic.).

Coldness in action, inactivity: si Parthi vos nihil calfaciunt, nos hic frigore frigescimus, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; Ov. F. 2, 856.—

A cold or frigid reception of a person or thing, esp. a discourse; coolness, coldness, indifference, disfavor (perh. not ante-Aug.):

majorum ne quis amicus Frigore te feriat,

coolness, loss of favor, Hor. S. 2, 1, 62; cf.:

Montanus Julius et amicitia Tiberii notus et frigore,

Sen. Ep. 122:

et imperitia et rusticitas et rigor et deformitas afferunt interim frigus,

Quint. 6, 1, 37; Plin. Ep. 6, 15, 4; Quint. 5, 7, 31:

illud quaestionum et argumentorum apud corrupta judicia frigus evitant,

id. 2, 12, 6.

rĭgesco, gui, 3, v. inch. n. [rigeo], to grow stiff or numb; to stiffen, harden ( poet.).

Lit.

With cold:

vestes indutae,

Verg. G. 3, 363:

aquae in grandines,

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 155.—

From other causes:

oratori eloquentissimo, dum ad dicendum componitur, summa riguerunt,

Sen. Ira, 2, 3, 3:

stillata sole rigescunt electra,

Ov. M. 2, 364:

ubera,

id. ib. 9, 357:

lacerti,

id. ib. 4, 554:

Gorgone corpora visā,

id. ib. 5, 209 et saep.: si Parthi vos nihil calficiunt, nos non nihil frigore rigescimus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 4.—

Transf., to stand erect, stand up, to bristle up:

sensi metu riguisse capillos,

Ov. F. 1, 97.—

Trop.: numquam corrupta rigescent Saecula? i. e. will grow serious or manly, Claud. in Eutr. 2, 113.

rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).

Lit.:

pruinae,

Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

id. 1, 355:

tellus,

Verg. G. 2, 316:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:

umbrae,

Lucr. 5, 764:

frigus,

id. 1, 356:

cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,

cervix,

Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:

artus morte,

Lucr. 6, 1196:

crura,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

rostrum,

Ov. M. 5, 673:

cornu,

id. ib. 9, 85:

setae,

id. ib. 8, 428:

capilli,

id. ib. 10, 425:

oculi (with extenti),

Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:

quercus,

Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.

columnae,

Ov. F. 3, 529:

malus,

id. H. 5, 53.—

In mal. part.: illud,

Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—

Hence: custos ruris,

i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:

silices,

hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:

saxum,

id. ib. 4, 517:

mons,

hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:

Niphates,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:

ferrum,

Ov. R. Am. 19:

serae,

id. F. 1, 124:

ensis,

Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:

hasta,

Verg. A. 10, 346:

unguis,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—

Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:

tristis, severus): vox,

hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:

Sabini,

rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:

Getae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:

fossor,

hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.

manus,

Ov. M. 14, 647:

virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,

stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,

censor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 664:

parens,

id. M. 2, 813:

senes,

id. F. 4, 310:

mens,

id. H. 3, 96:

vultus,

id. ib. 4, 73:

rigidi et tristes satellites,

Tac. A. 16, 22:

(Cato) rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.

of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,

Luc. 2, 389; so,

mores,

Ov. R. Am. 762:

rigida duraque sententia Macri,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:

Mars,

rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:

leo,

Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:

quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?

too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,

Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:

Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,

Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.

Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—

Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:

disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,

Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).

Lit.:

pruinae,

Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:

rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

id. 1, 355:

tellus,

Verg. G. 2, 316:

aqua,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:

umbrae,

Lucr. 5, 764:

frigus,

id. 1, 356:

cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,

Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,

cervix,

Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:

artus morte,

Lucr. 6, 1196:

crura,

Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

rostrum,

Ov. M. 5, 673:

cornu,

id. ib. 9, 85:

setae,

id. ib. 8, 428:

capilli,

id. ib. 10, 425:

oculi (with extenti),

Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:

quercus,

Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.

columnae,

Ov. F. 3, 529:

malus,

id. H. 5, 53.—

In mal. part.: illud,

Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—

Hence: custos ruris,

i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:

silices,

hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:

saxum,

id. ib. 4, 517:

mons,

hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:

Niphates,

Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:

ferrum,

Ov. R. Am. 19:

serae,

id. F. 1, 124:

ensis,

Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:

hasta,

Verg. A. 10, 346:

unguis,

Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—

Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:

tristis, severus): vox,

hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:

Sabini,

rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:

Getae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:

fossor,

hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.

manus,

Ov. M. 14, 647:

virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,

stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,

censor,

Ov. A. A. 2, 664:

parens,

id. M. 2, 813:

senes,

id. F. 4, 310:

mens,

id. H. 3, 96:

vultus,

id. ib. 4, 73:

rigidi et tristes satellites,

Tac. A. 16, 22:

(Cato) rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.

of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,

Luc. 2, 389; so,

mores,

Ov. R. Am. 762:

rigida duraque sententia Macri,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:

Mars,

rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:

leo,

Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:

quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?

too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,

Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:

Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,

Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.

Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—

Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:

disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,

Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

rĭgor, ōris, m. [rigeo], stiffness, inflexibility, rigidity, numbness, hardness, firmness, rigor (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; not in Cic.; cf. durities).

Lit.:

tandem bruma nives affert pigrumque rigorem,

Lucr. 5, 746:

cervicis,

stiffness, rigidity, Plin. 28, 12, 52, § 192; 32, 8, 28, § 89; cf.:

immobilis faciei,

Quint. 9, 3, 101:

vultus (in portraits),

Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 58:

nervorum,

i. e. a cramp, spasm, Cels. 2, 1 and 7; so too simply rigor; and in plur., Plin. 26, 12, 81, § 130; 35, 6, 27, § 46.—

Esp.

A straight course or direction:

fluminis,

Dig. 43, 12, 1, § 5; cf.

stillicidii,

ib. 8, 2, 41; hence, in the agrimensores, a straight line or course (opp. flexus), Front. Expos. Form. p. 38 Goes.; Aggen. Limit. p. 46 fin.; Sicul. Fl. p. 5; Front. Colon. p. 120 al.—

Hardness, firmness:

auri,

Lucr. 1, 492:

ferri,

Verg. G. 1, 143:

saxorum,

Ov. M. 1, 401 (with durities):

lapidis,

Plin. 36, 16, 25, § 126:

arborum,

Vitr. 2, 9; Plin. 16, 40, 77, § 209; Col. 4, 16, 4 al.—

Transf., the stiffness produced by cold, for cold itself, chilliness, Lucr. 5, 640; 6, 368 (opp. calor); 307 (opp. ignis); cf.

Alpinus,

Ov. M. 14, 794:

septentrionis,

Tac. A. 2, 23:

caeli et soli,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

recentissimus aquae,

Col. 9, 14, 7:

torpentibus rigore nervis,

Liv. 21, 58 fin. et saep.—

Trop., hardness, inflexibility, stiffness, roughness, severity, rigor (cf.:

severitas, asperitas, morositas): accentus rigore quodam minus suaves habemus,

Quint. 12, 10, 33 (cf. rigidus, II. init.):

te tuus iste rigor, positique sine arte capilli... decet,

rudeness, Ov. H. 4, 77:

nocuit antiquus rigor et nimia severitas,

Tac. H. 1, 18 fin.:

animi,

id. A. 6, 50; cf. Plin. 7, 19, 18, § 79; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 13 (opp. constantia):

disciplinae veteris,

Tac. H. 1, 83:

juris,

Dig. 49, 1, 19.

torpĕo, ēre, v. n. [Sanscr. root tarp-, to sate; Gr. terpô], to be stiff, numb, motionless, inactive, torpid, sluggish, etc. (syn.: langueo, languesco, stupeo, rigeo).

Lit.:

torpentes gelu,

Liv. 21, 56, 7; 21, 55, 8; cf.:

digitus torpens frigore,

Suet. Aug. 80:

languidi et torpentes oculi,

Quint. 11, 3, 76:

torpentes rigore nervi,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

membra torpent,

Plin. 7, 50, 51, § 168; cf.:

torpentes membrorum partes,

id. 24, 4, 7, § 13:

torpent infractae ad proelia vires,

Verg. A. 9, 499:

duroque simillima saxo Torpet,

Ov. M. 13, 541:

quid vetat et nervos magicas torpere per artes?

id. Am. 3, 7, 35:

serpentes torpentes inveniantur,

Plin. 24, 16, 92, § 148:

hostem habes aegre torpentia membra trahentem,

Sil. 4, 68:

non eadem vini atque cibi torpente palato Gaudia,

Juv. 10, 203; cf.:

non exacuet torpens sapor ille palatum,

Ov. P. 1, 10, 13.—

Transf., of inanim. things, to be still, motionless, sluggish:

torpentes lacus,

Stat. Th. 9, 452:

amnis,

id. ib. 4, 172:

locus depressus hieme pruinis torpet,

Col. 1, 4, 10:

Orpheus tacuit torpente lyrā,

Sen. Med. 348:

antra Musarum longo torpentia somno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, praef. 51; 1, 262.—

Trop., to be stupid, stupefied, astounded; to be dull, listless, inactive (cf. stupeo):

timeo, totus torpeo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 179; cf.:

timore torpeo,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 50:

torpentibus metu qui aderant,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

deum volumus cessatione torpere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 102:

quidnam torpentes subito obstupuistis Achivi? id. poët. Div. 2, 30, 64: torpentes metu,

Liv. 28, 29, 11:

defixis oculis animoque et corpore torpet?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 14:

cum Pausiacā torpes tabellā,

when you are lost in admiration, id. S. 2, 7, 95:

nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno,

Verg. G. 1, 124:

frigere ac torpere senis consilia,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

consilia re subitā,

id. 1, 41, 3:

torpebat vox spiritusque,

id. 1, 25, 4:

Tyrii desperatione torpebant,

Curt. 4, 3, 16:

rursus ad spem et fiduciam erigere torpentes,

id. 4, 10, 7; 4, 14, 13.