preserver

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conservātor, ōris, m. [conservo], a keeper, preserver, defender (several times in Cic. and in inscriptions;

elsewh. rare): pro di inmortales, custodes et conservatores hujus urbis atque imperii,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53;

so as an epithet of Jupiter,

Inscr. Orell. 1225 sq.; 1629; 4982 al.:

istius urbis (with parens),

Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:

civitatis,

id. Sest. 45, 98:

patriae,

id. Har. Resp. 27, 58:

inimicorum,

id. Att. 8, 9, 3:

Romani nominis Augustus (with conditor),

Vell. 2, 60, 1:

inimicorum (opp.: desertor amicorum),

Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3:

conservatoris sibi nomen, Graeco ejus rei vocabulo, assumpsit,

Tac. A. 15, 71.—

A worshipper, Tert. adv. Nat. 1, 7.

custos, ōdis, comm. [root sku-, to cover, hide, etc.; cf. scutum, keuthô, Germ. Haut, Haus, Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 353], a guard, watch, preserver, keeper, overseer, protector, defender, attendant, etc., protectress, etc., in a friendly or hostile sense (freq. and class.).

In gen.

Of living beings.

In gen.: antiqua erilis fida custos corporis, Enn. Med. ap. Non. p. 39, 2 (Trag. Rel. v. 289 Vahl.); cf. in masc.:

corporis,

a body-guard, Liv. 24, 7, 4; so plur., Nep. Dat. 9, 3; Suet. Calig. 55 al.:

Commium cum equitatu custodis loco relinquit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6 fin.:

cum vigillis custodibusque nostris colloqui,

id. B. C. 1, 22 init.:

portae,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

fani,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94. custos defensorque provinciae, id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: pontis,

Nep. Milt. 3, 1:

patrimonii,

Quint. 4, 2, 73:

hortorum,

Suet. Calig. 59:

gregis,

Verg. E. 10, 36:

pecuniae regiae,

Curt. 5, 1, 20: ipse pecuniae quam regni melior custos, Liv 44, 26, 12: rei publicae custos senatus, Cic. Sest. 65, 137:

templorum,

id. Dom. 55, 141:

custos ac vindex cupiditatum,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 24:

salutis suae,

Quint. 5, 11, 8; Curt. 3, 6, 1; Tac. A. 3, 14 et saep.:

his discipulis privos custodes dabo,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 76; so of teachers of youth, id. ib. 4, 3, 19; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57; Hor. S. 1, 4, 118; id. A. P. 161; 239:

virtutis (ego) verae custos rigidusque satelles,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 17.—Freq. of the gods, etc.:

dei custodes et conservatores hujus urbis,

Cic. Sest. 24, 53; cf.:

custodi Jovi,

Suet. Dom. 5:

montium custos Diana,

Hor. C. 3, 22, 1:

rerum Caesar,

id. ib. 4, 15, 17: multae tibi tum officient res, Custodes, etc., i. e. attendants of women, eunuchs, etc., id. S. 1, 2, 98 Heind.—Of dogs, Verg. G. 3, 406; Col. 7, 12;

so of Cerberus,

Verg. A. 6, 424 al., and of the constellation Bootes, Arktophulax, Vitr. 9, 4, 1: armorum, the officer in charge of the arms in an army or fleet, Dig. 49, 16, 14, § 1; Inscr. Orell. 3630 al.—

In civil affairs, t. t., a man who took charge of the vessel into which voting tablets were put (in order to prevent false suffrages), Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 18; Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22; id. Red. Sen. 7, 17.—

Of inanimate subjects.

Of abstract subjects:

natura Ipsaque corporis est custos et causa salutis,

Lucr. 3, 324:

haec custos dignitatis (fortitudo),

Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 33:

sapientia custos et procuratrix totius hominis,

id. Fin. 4, 7, 17; id. Off. 2, 7, 23:

leges diligentissimae pudoris custodes,

Quint. 8, 5, 19 al. —

Of receptacles, safes, e. g. of a quiver:

eburnea Telorum custos,

Ov. M. 8, 320; of an incense-box:

turis,

id. ib. 13, 703; and in husbandry, the stump of an amputated vine-branch, i. q. resex, pollex, praesidiarius or subsidiarius palmes, Col. 4, 21, 3.—

In a hostile sense.

In gen., a watch, spy:

Dumnorigi custodes ponit, ut, quae agat, quibuscum loquatur, scire possit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.:

custodem, inquit, Tullio me apponite. Quid, mihi quam multis custodibus opus erit, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 63; Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.:

num nam hic relictu's custos, Nequis, etc.,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 55; cf. v. 59; Curt. 5, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 12 al.—

Esp., a jailer, keeper:

carceris,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 57; Nep. Eum. 11, 1; id. Alcib. 4, 4:

quem ex Mauritania rex proditionis insimulatum cum custodibus miserat,

Sall. H. 2, 25 Dietsch:

te sub custode tenebo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 77; Tac. A. 2, 68; 3, 28; 4, 60 al.

laurus, i ( gen. laurūs, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132; 14, 16, 19, § 112; Col. 6, 7, 3 codd.; abl. lauru, Hor. C. 2, 7, 19;

but lauro,

id. ib. 3, 30, 16; nom. plur. laurus, Verg. A. 3, 91; acc. plur. laurus, id. E. 6, 83 al.; Tib. 2, 5, 63; gen. plur. lauruum, acc. to Charis. p. 110 P.), f. [cf. Germ. lor- in Lorbeere], a bay-tree, laurel-tree, laurel, sacred to Apollo; cf.:

aliquid cedo Qui vicini hanc nostram augeam aram Apollinis. Da sane hanc virgam lauri,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 11;

it grew in greatest beauty on Parnassus, and hence is called Parnasia laurus,

Verg. G. 2, 18;

its branches were the decoration of poets,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 9;

of the flamens,

Liv. 23, 11; Ov. F. 3, 137. In festivals, the ancestral images were decorated with laurel, Cic. Mur. 41. The leaves, when eaten, were said to impart the power of prophesying, Tib. 2, 5, 63; Juv. 7, 19. Victorious generals, in triumphal processions, wore laurel crowns on their heads and carried laurel branches in their hands, while their lictors bore fasces bound with laurel, Cic. Att. 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 560. Before the gate of the imperial palace stood two laurel-trees, with oaken crowns, in honor of the emperor, as the vanquisher of foes and the people's preserver:

janitrix Caesarum et pontificum,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127 sqq.; Tert. Apol. 35. A wet branch of laurel was used in lustrations, to sprinkle the objects to be purified:

cuperent lustrari... si foret umida laurus,

Juv. 2, 158; cf. Dict. Antiq. s. v. lustratio.—

Meton. for laurea, a laurel crown, as the sign of a triumph; hence for triumph, victory:

incurrit haec nostra laurus non solum in oculos, sed, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

Parthica,

Plin. Pan. 14:

Indica,

Stat. S. 4, 1, 4:

Sarmatica,

Mart. 7, 6, 10:

ornari lauro secunda,

Juv. 8, 253.

salvātor, ōris, m. [id.].

In gen., a saviour, preserver (late Lat.;

class. servator): Cicero Soterem salvatorem noluit nominare,

Mart. Cap. 5, § 510; Vulg. Isa. 17, 10:

IOVI SALVATORI,

Inscr. Grut. 19.—

In partic., in the Vulg. and Christian fathers, as a transl. of sôtêr and Jesus (Heb.), the Saviour, Redeemer:

Christus Jesus, id est Christus Salvator: hoc est enim Latine Jesus... Salus Latinum nomen est: salvare et salvator non fuerunt haec Latina, antequam veniret Salvator, etc.,

Aug. Serm. 299, 6; cf. id. Trin. 13, 10 fin.; Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 18; Lact. 4, 12, 6; Prud. steph. 1, 115; Vulg. Luc. 2, 11; Sedul. 2, 155 et saep.

servātor, ōris, m. [id.].

One who gives attention to any thing, a watcher, observer:

Olympi,

Luc. 8, 171:

cruentus Bebrycii nemoris,

watcher, prowler, Stat. Th. 3, 352.—

Pregn., a preserver, deliverer, savior (the prevailing signif. of the word; class.): Ba. An tu veneficus? Co. Immo edepol vero hominum servator magis, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 84:

rei publicae (opp. perditor),

Cic. Planc. 36, 89;

patriae,

Liv. 6, 17; cf.:

Romulidarum arcis servator, candidus anser,

Lucr. 4, 683 Müll.:

mei capitis,

Cic. Planc. 42, 102:

mundi,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 37:

salutis,

Ov. P. 4, 15, 41.— Absol.:

servatorem liberatoremque acclamantibus,

Liv. 34, 50 fin.:

si servasti me non ideo servator es,

Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 8; Servator, like the Gr. Sôtêr, an epithet of Jupiter, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Inscr. Grut. 18, 6.—

With abstr. objects, an observer, fulfiller of any duty ( poet.);

rigidi honesti,

Luc. 2, 389; cf.

foederis,

Claud. B. Get. 496.

sospĕs, ĭtis ( fem. collat. form sospĭ-ta, ae, and arch. SISPITA, ae, and SEISPES, ĭtis; v. infra), adj. [for sos-pets; root saos, sôs; and pa-, to nourish, protect; cf. pasco].

Act., saving, delivering; subst., a savior, deliverer, preserver (so only in the foll. examples):

Ennius sospitem pro servatore posuit, Fest. pp. 300 and 301 Müll.: templum Junonis Sospitae,

Cic. Div. 1, 2, 4; so, Sospita, an epithet of Juno (the Gr. Hygieia). id. N. D. 1, 29, 82; id. Mur. 41, 90; Ov. F. 2, 56;

in the form SISPITA,

Inscr. Orell. 1309; Num. ap. Eckh. D. N. V. 7, pp. 14 and 107; cf.:

sispitem Junonem, quam vulgo sospitem appellant, antiqui usurpabant,

Fest. p. 343 Müll.:

IVNONE SEISPITEI MATRI REGINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 5659 a;

the same abbreviated I. S. M. R. (IVNO SISPITA MATER REGINA),

ib. 1308; 2503; 3324; 4014.—

Pass., saved, i.e. safe and sound, safe, unhurt, unharmed, uninjured; happy, lucky, fortunate (syn.: salvus, incolumis, sanus, salvus; mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic.): filium tuum modo in portu vivum, salvum et sospitem vidi,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 93:

exagoga (with salva),

id. Rud. 3, 2, 17: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in sede suā liceat August. ap. Suet. Aug. 28:

sospes et superstes gnatus,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 2;

sospes incolumisque (Caesar),

Plin. Pan. 67, 5:

sospes Iter incipe hoc,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 1:

sospites in patriam restituere,

Liv. 2, 49, 7; 5, 28, 4;

virginum matres juvenumque nuper Sospitum,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 10:

Hesperiā sospes ab ultima,

id. ib. 1, 36, 4:

vix una sospes navis ab ignibus,

id. ib. 1, 37, 13:

fortuna do. musque Sospes ab incursu est,

Ov. M. 10, 401: Juppiter, da diem hunc sospitem Rebus meis agundis, favorable, auspicious, [p. 1734] Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 15:

mutare lares et urbem Sospite cursu,

Hor. C. S. 40.

sospĕs, ĭtis ( fem. collat. form sospĭ-ta, ae, and arch. SISPITA, ae, and SEISPES, ĭtis; v. infra), adj. [for sos-pets; root saos, sôs; and pa-, to nourish, protect; cf. pasco].

Act., saving, delivering; subst., a savior, deliverer, preserver (so only in the foll. examples):

Ennius sospitem pro servatore posuit, Fest. pp. 300 and 301 Müll.: templum Junonis Sospitae,

Cic. Div. 1, 2, 4; so, Sospita, an epithet of Juno (the Gr. Hygieia). id. N. D. 1, 29, 82; id. Mur. 41, 90; Ov. F. 2, 56;

in the form SISPITA,

Inscr. Orell. 1309; Num. ap. Eckh. D. N. V. 7, pp. 14 and 107; cf.:

sispitem Junonem, quam vulgo sospitem appellant, antiqui usurpabant,

Fest. p. 343 Müll.:

IVNONE SEISPITEI MATRI REGINAE,

Inscr. Orell. 5659 a;

the same abbreviated I. S. M. R. (IVNO SISPITA MATER REGINA),

ib. 1308; 2503; 3324; 4014.—

Pass., saved, i.e. safe and sound, safe, unhurt, unharmed, uninjured; happy, lucky, fortunate (syn.: salvus, incolumis, sanus, salvus; mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

not in Cic.): filium tuum modo in portu vivum, salvum et sospitem vidi,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 93:

exagoga (with salva),

id. Rud. 3, 2, 17: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in sede suā liceat August. ap. Suet. Aug. 28:

sospes et superstes gnatus,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 2;

sospes incolumisque (Caesar),

Plin. Pan. 67, 5:

sospes Iter incipe hoc,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 1:

sospites in patriam restituere,

Liv. 2, 49, 7; 5, 28, 4;

virginum matres juvenumque nuper Sospitum,

Hor. C. 3, 14, 10:

Hesperiā sospes ab ultima,

id. ib. 1, 36, 4:

vix una sospes navis ab ignibus,

id. ib. 1, 37, 13:

fortuna do. musque Sospes ab incursu est,

Ov. M. 10, 401: Juppiter, da diem hunc sospitem Rebus meis agundis, favorable, auspicious, [p. 1734] Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 15:

mutare lares et urbem Sospite cursu,

Hor. C. S. 40.

Sōter, ēris, m., = Sôtêr.

A savior, deliverer, preserver, a giver of health or safety is est nimirum soter, qui salutem dedit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154.— Acc.:

sotera,

Cic. 1. 1.:

hodieque ara in Capitolio est Jovis Soteris,

Serv. Verg. A. 8, 652; cf. Servator.—

In partic.

Soter, of Jesus the Saviour, Tert. adv. Valent. 16 sq. al.—

An epithet of Ptolemœus I., king of Egypt, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 208.

vindex, ĭcis, comm. [vindico].

One who lays legal claim to a thing, a claimant; hence, also, a maintainer, defender, protector, deliverer, liberator, vindicator:

vindex ab eo, quod vindicat, quominus is, qui prensus est, ab aliquo teneatur,

Fest. p. 376 Müll.: ASSIDVO. VINDEX. ASSIDVVS. ESTO. PROLETARIO. CIVI. QVOI. QVIS. VOLET. VINDEX. ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 5:

habeat sane populus tabellam quasi vindicem libertatis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 39:

aeris alieni,

a defender, protector of debtors, id. Att. 2, 1, 11:

majestatis imperii,

Liv. 28, 28, 14:

legum ac libertatis (M. Brutus),

Suet. Rhet. 6:

injuriae,

a protector from wrong, Liv. 3, 46, 6:

periculi,

in peril, id. 10, 5, 5:

terrae (Hercules),

Ov. M. 9, 241:

aurum Vindice decepto Graias misistis in urbes,

id. ib. 7, 214:

nec deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Inciderit,

Hor. A. P. 191:

honori posterorum tuorum ut vindex fieres,

a preserver, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 18.—In apposition:

audita vox una (provoco) vindex libertatis,

Liv. 3, 56, 6:

vindicibus pacatus viribus orbis,

Ov. H. 9, 13.—

An avenger, punisher, revenger:

conjurationis,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 2:

custos ac vindex cupiditatum,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 24:

vindex ultorque parentis,

Ov. M. 5, 237.— Fem.:

Furiae deae... vindices facinorum et scelerum,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 46;

of Tisiphone,

Stat. Th. 1, 80.—In apposition:

vindice flammā,

Ov. M. 1, 230:

poena,

Cat. 64, 192.