praeceps

grădus, ūs (archaic gen. sing. graduis, Varr. ap. Non. 494, 17; dat. gradu, Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. remeligines, p. 276 Müll.), m. [kindr. with Sanscr. kram, to go; v. gradior], a step, pace (cf.: gressus, passus, incessus).

Lit.:

ad hanc conversionem, quae pedibus et gradu non egeret, ingrediendi membra non dedit,

Cic. Univ. 6: quaenam vox ex te resonans meo gradu remoram facit? Lucil. l. l.: gradum proferre pedum, Enn. ap. Fest. S. V. PEDUM, p. 249, a Müll. (Trag. v. 248 Vahl.): quo nunc incerta re atque inorata gradum Regredere conare? id. ap. Non. 166, 23 (Trag. v. 12 Vahl.):

gradum facere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249:

tollere gradum,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 6:

ad forum suspenso gradu placide ire perrexi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 27:

quieto et placido gradu sequi,

Phaedr. 2, 7, 6; cf.

, on the contrary: celeri gradu Eunt uterque,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 22:

ut tu es gradibus grandibus,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 11:

citato gradu in hostem ducere,

Liv. 28, 14, 17:

concito gradu properare,

Phaedr. 3, 2, 11:

gradum celerare,

to hasten, Verg. A. 4, 641: so,

corripere,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 33:

addere,

Liv. 26, 9, 5:

sistere,

Verg. A. 6, 465:

sustinere,

Ov. F. 6, 398:

revocare,

Verg. A. 6, 128:

referre,

Ov. F. 5, 502:

vertere,

Stat. Th. 8, 138 et saep.:

peditum aciem instructam pleno gradu in hostem inducit,

at full pace, at a quick step, Liv. 4, 32, 10; 34, 15, 3; 34, 16, 2; cf.: militari gradu viginti milia passuum horis quinque dumtaxat aestivis conficienda sunt;

pleno autem gradu, qui citatior est, totidem horis XXIV. milia peragenda sunt,

Veg. 1, 9:

modico gradu,

Liv. 30, 5, 3: presso gradu, = badên, with measured step, a moderate pace, id. 28, 14, 14:

citato gradu,

id. 28, 14, 17; Trebon. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 2: non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum, step by step, = gradatim, Vell. 2, 1, 1:

per gradus,

Ov. M. 2, 354.—

Trop., a step, stage, degree:

quem mortis timuit gradum,

pace, approach, Hor. C. 1, 3, 17:

hunc quasi gradum quendam atque aditum ad cetera factum intelligitis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 15, 38; cf.:

itaque majoribus nostris in Africam ex hac provincia gradus imperii factus est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8; so,

Crassus Licinius nec consul nec praetor ante fuerat, quam censor est factus: ex aedilitate gradum censuram fecit,

Liv. 27, 6, 17; 6, 35, 2 Drak.:

hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres revertissent,

a step towards my return, Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2; cf. Liv. 6, 42, 2:

notitiam primosque gradus vicinia fecit: Tempore crevit amor,

Ov. M. 4, 59; cf. Prop. 1, 13, 8:

cum consuleretur, quid sentiret, Non possum, inquit, tibi dicere: nescio enim quid de gradu faciat: tamquam de essedario interrogaretur,

i. e. of the Peripatetics, Sen. Ep. 29:

etsi spondeus, quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior, habet tamen stabilem quendam et non expertem dignitatis gradum,

pace, Cic. Or. 64, 216.

Transf.

In milit. and gladiator's lang., station, position, ground taken by a combatant:

obnisos vos (velim) stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

Liv. 6, 12, 8; cf. Tac. H. 2, 35:

de gradu libero ac stabili conari,

Liv. 34, 39, 3:

in suo quisque gradu obnixi, urgentes scutis, sine respiratione ac respectu pugnabant,

id. 8, 38, 11:

inque gradu stetimus, certi non cedere,

Ov. M. 9, 43:

hostes gradu demoti,

Liv. 6, 32, 8 Drak. N. cr.; for which:

turbare ac statu movere,

id. 30, 18, 4.—

Trop., a firm position or stand:

corda virum mansere gradu,

i. e. firm, steadfast, Sil. 16, 21:

fortis et constantis est, non perturbari in rebus asperis, nec tumultuantem de gradu deici, ut dicitur,

to let one's self be disconcerted, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80; cf.:

dejectus de gradu,

id. Att. 16, 15, 3: motus gradu, Sen. Const. Sap. 19:

gradu depulsus,

Nep. Them. 5, 1; cf.:

nam si gradum, si caritatem filii apud te haberem,

Liv. 40, 9, 3.—

That on which one steps, a step or round of a ladder, a stair.

Lit. (usu. in plur.): quemadmodum scalarum gradus si alios tollas, alios incidas, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3:

haerent parietibus scalae, postesque sub ipsos Nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 443:

gradus templorum,

Cic. Att. 4, 1, 5:

gradus ejusdem templi tollebantur,

id. Sest. 15, 34; cf.:

aerea cui (templo) gradibus surgebant limina,

Verg. A. 1, 448; Vell. 2, 3, 1:

pro Palatii gradibus,

Suet. Ner. 8; id. Vit. 15:

praeceps per gradus ire,

id. Calig. 35:

si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

Juv. 3, 200.—

Sing.:

cum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur,

Vitr. 3, 3.—

Transf., of things that rise by steps.

In hair-dressing, a braid of hair:

caput in gradus atque anulos comptum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

comam in gradus frangere,

id. 1, 6, 44; cf.:

coma in gradus formata,

Suet. Ner. 51.—

In econom. lang., a spit or such a depth of earth as can be dug at once with the spade, Col. 3, 13, 19; 4, 1, 3.—

In math., a degree of a circle, Manil. 1, 579.—

In veterin. lang., a wrinkle on the roof of a horse's mouth, Veg. Vet. 1, 2; 32; 4, 2.—

Trop., a step, degree in tones, in age, relationship, rank, etc. (equally common in sing. and plur.):

ille princeps variabit et mutabit, omnes sonorum tum intendens tum remittens persequetur gradus,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; cf. id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

ab ima ad summam (vocem) ac retro multi sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 15; cf. Vulg. Psa. 119 Tit. et saep.:

Paulatim gradus aetatis scandere adultae,

Lucr. 2, 1123; cf.:

quod tanta penuria est in omni vel honoris vel aetatis gradu, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 3; so,

aetatis,

Vell. 2, 36, 2; Quint. 3, 7, 15; Suet. Aug. 79; id. Tit. 3 al.:

unus gradus et una progenies,

Lact. 2, 10, 10:

nostri quoque sanguinis auctor Juppiter est, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo,

Ov. M. 13, 143; cf.:

a matre Magnum Pompeium artissimo contingebat gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4; id. Ner. 2:

qui (populus) te tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit,

Cic. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

gradus dignitatis,

id. Rep. 1, 27; cf. id. ib. 1, 27 fin.—Sing.:

ex tam alto dignitatis gradu,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12 fin.:

gradus altior, altissimus, amplissimus, dignitatis,

id. Clu. 55, 150; id. Phil. 1, 6, 14; id. Mur. 14, 30; cf. also id. ib. 27, 55:

summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenere et dignitatis et gratiae,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

a senatorio gradu longe abesse,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 21, 61; cf.:

ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

id. Brut. 81, 281.—Without gen.:

etenim quis est civis praesertim hoc gradu, quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus beneficii vestri, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 7, 18; id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

omni gradu amplissimo dignissimus,

id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

gradus officiorum,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

temporum servantur gradus,

id. Part. 4, 12: cf.:

non iidem erunt necessitudinum gradus qui temporum,

id. Off. 1, 18, 59:

gradus cognationis,

Dig. 38, 10, 1 sqq.:

v. de gradibus,

Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 1 -8:

agnationis,

Gai. Inst. 3, 10, 11:

si plures eodem gradu sint agnati,

Ulp. Fragm. 26, 5: cognati ex transverso gradu usque ad quartum gradum, i. e. collateral kindred (opp. parentes et liberi), id. ib. 5, 6:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum,

id. ib. 1, 17, 53:

peccatorum gradus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 74, § 172:

oratorum aetates et gradus,

id. Brut. 32, 122; cf.:

gradus et dissimilitudines Atticorum,

id. ib. 82, 285:

accendendi judicis plures sunt gradus,

Quint. 11, 3, 166; 6, 4, 67: nec gradus est ultra Fabios cognominis ullus;

Illa domus meritis Maxima dicta suis,

Ov. F. 1, 605:

si ita esset, quid opus erat te gradatim istuc pervenire?... A beatis ad virtutem, a virtute ad rationem video te venisse gradibus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 32, 89; cf.:

omnes gradus virtutis implere,

Lact. 5, 14, 18; and:

hi plerumque gradus,

Juv. 11, 46.

immānis ( inm-), e, adj. [i. e. in- and old Lat. mānus=bonus; kindr. with Sanscr. ma=metior, to measure; Lat. mānes, good spirits], monstrous in size, enormous, immense, huge, vast (class.).

Lit. (usually of inanim. and abstr. things):

corporum magnitudo,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 9; cf.:

simulacra immani magnitudine,

id. ib. 6, 16, 4:

immani corpore serpens,

Lucr. 5, 33; 3, 987:

ingens immanisque praeda,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110:

pecunia,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 23:

pocula,

id. Phil. 2, 25, 63:

immania ponti Aequora,

Lucr. 4, 410:

templa caeli,

id. 5, 521:

antrum,

Verg. A. 6, 11; cf.:

spelunca vasto hiatu,

id. ib. 6, 237:

barathrum,

id. ib. 8, 245:

tegumen leonis,

id. ib. 7, 666:

telum,

id. ib. 11, 552 al.:

magna atque immanis,

Lucr. 4, 1163:

cete,

Verg. A. 5, 822:

numerus annorum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

exercitus,

Vell. 2, 51, 1:

frequentia amicorum,

id. 2, 59 fin.:

geminos immani pondere caestus,

Verg. A. 5, 401:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 32:

ambitus redit immanis: numquam fuit par,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 4:

dissensio civitatis,

Vell. 2, 2, 1:

studium loquendi,

Ov. M. 5, 678:

avaritia,

Sall. J. 31, 12:

vitium,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 76:

soloecismus,

Gell. 15, 9, 3:

impulsae praeceps inmane ruinae,

the vast crash, Juv. 10, 107.— Neutr. absol.: Immane quantum animi exarsere, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 27 (2, 79 Dietsch); so,

vino et lucernis Medus acinaces Immane quantum discrepat,

how exceedingly, wonderfully, Hor. C. 1, 27, 6:

civilis lapsu equi prostratus immane quantum suis pavoris et hostibus alacritatis indidit,

Tac. H. 4, 34: quod matrimonium Aemiliano huic immane quanto fuit, App. Mag.;

and in full: immane dictu est, quanti et quam multi ad Pompeium discesserint,

Sall. Orat. ad Caes. 1.—

Trop., monstrous in character, frightful, inhuman, fierce, savage, wild (class.; syn.: ferus, immitis, barbarus, durus, saevus;

opp. mansuetus, mitis): hostis in ceteris rebus nimis ferus et immanis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 51; cf.:

nulla gens tam fera, nemo omnium tam immanis, cujus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

belua (with fera),

id. Ac. 2, 34, 108; id. N. D. 2, 64, 161;

(with taetra),

id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; cf.:

immanis et vasta belua,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

nihil ista immanius belua est,

id. ib. 3, 33:

janitor aulae, Cerberus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 15:

ex hoc populo indomito, vel potius immani, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44:

istius immanis atque importuna natura,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 8:

immanis, intolerandus, vesanus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 7:

immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

Cic. Font. 10, 21:

tantum facinus, tam immane (patris occidendi),

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

coeptis effera Dido,

Verg. A. 4, 642:

orae,

id. ib. 1, 616:

Raeti,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 15:

Agathyrsi,

Juv. 15, 125:

Pyrrhus,

id. 14, 162.— Subst.: immānĭa, ium, n., frightful deeds or sayings:

quamvis fabulosa et immania credebantur,

stories however fabulous and frightful, Tac. A. 4, 11:

dira atque inmania pati,

Juv. 15, 104.— Comp.:

scelere ante alios immanior omnes,

Verg. A. 1, 347.— Sup.:

voluptatem immanissimus quisque acerrime sequitur,

Cic. Part. Or. 25, 90.—Hence, adv. in two forms, im-māne and immānĭter (not ante-Aug.).

(Acc. to I.) Monstrously, immoderately, excessively:

immaniter clamare,

Gell. 1, 26, 8.—More freq.,

(Acc. to II.) Frightfully, dreadfully, fiercely, savagely, wildly.

Form immane:

leo hians immane,

Verg. A. 10, 726:

sonat fluctus per saxa,

id. G. 3, 239; cf.:

fremant torrentes,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 237:

spirans rapta securi,

Verg. A. 7, 510.—

Form immaniter: leones per ea loca saevientes immaniter, Amm. 18, 7:

perdite et immaniter vivere,

Aug. Conf. 10, 37.—

Comp.:

immanius efferascunt,

Amm. 18, 7.

immānis ( inm-), e, adj. [i. e. in- and old Lat. mānus=bonus; kindr. with Sanscr. ma=metior, to measure; Lat. mānes, good spirits], monstrous in size, enormous, immense, huge, vast (class.).

Lit. (usually of inanim. and abstr. things):

corporum magnitudo,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 9; cf.:

simulacra immani magnitudine,

id. ib. 6, 16, 4:

immani corpore serpens,

Lucr. 5, 33; 3, 987:

ingens immanisque praeda,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110:

pecunia,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 23:

pocula,

id. Phil. 2, 25, 63:

immania ponti Aequora,

Lucr. 4, 410:

templa caeli,

id. 5, 521:

antrum,

Verg. A. 6, 11; cf.:

spelunca vasto hiatu,

id. ib. 6, 237:

barathrum,

id. ib. 8, 245:

tegumen leonis,

id. ib. 7, 666:

telum,

id. ib. 11, 552 al.:

magna atque immanis,

Lucr. 4, 1163:

cete,

Verg. A. 5, 822:

numerus annorum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

exercitus,

Vell. 2, 51, 1:

frequentia amicorum,

id. 2, 59 fin.:

geminos immani pondere caestus,

Verg. A. 5, 401:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 32:

ambitus redit immanis: numquam fuit par,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 4:

dissensio civitatis,

Vell. 2, 2, 1:

studium loquendi,

Ov. M. 5, 678:

avaritia,

Sall. J. 31, 12:

vitium,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 76:

soloecismus,

Gell. 15, 9, 3:

impulsae praeceps inmane ruinae,

the vast crash, Juv. 10, 107.— Neutr. absol.: Immane quantum animi exarsere, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 27 (2, 79 Dietsch); so,

vino et lucernis Medus acinaces Immane quantum discrepat,

how exceedingly, wonderfully, Hor. C. 1, 27, 6:

civilis lapsu equi prostratus immane quantum suis pavoris et hostibus alacritatis indidit,

Tac. H. 4, 34: quod matrimonium Aemiliano huic immane quanto fuit, App. Mag.;

and in full: immane dictu est, quanti et quam multi ad Pompeium discesserint,

Sall. Orat. ad Caes. 1.—

Trop., monstrous in character, frightful, inhuman, fierce, savage, wild (class.; syn.: ferus, immitis, barbarus, durus, saevus;

opp. mansuetus, mitis): hostis in ceteris rebus nimis ferus et immanis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 51; cf.:

nulla gens tam fera, nemo omnium tam immanis, cujus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

belua (with fera),

id. Ac. 2, 34, 108; id. N. D. 2, 64, 161;

(with taetra),

id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; cf.:

immanis et vasta belua,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

nihil ista immanius belua est,

id. ib. 3, 33:

janitor aulae, Cerberus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 15:

ex hoc populo indomito, vel potius immani, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44:

istius immanis atque importuna natura,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 8:

immanis, intolerandus, vesanus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 7:

immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

Cic. Font. 10, 21:

tantum facinus, tam immane (patris occidendi),

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

coeptis effera Dido,

Verg. A. 4, 642:

orae,

id. ib. 1, 616:

Raeti,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 15:

Agathyrsi,

Juv. 15, 125:

Pyrrhus,

id. 14, 162.— Subst.: immānĭa, ium, n., frightful deeds or sayings:

quamvis fabulosa et immania credebantur,

stories however fabulous and frightful, Tac. A. 4, 11:

dira atque inmania pati,

Juv. 15, 104.— Comp.:

scelere ante alios immanior omnes,

Verg. A. 1, 347.— Sup.:

voluptatem immanissimus quisque acerrime sequitur,

Cic. Part. Or. 25, 90.—Hence, adv. in two forms, im-māne and immānĭter (not ante-Aug.).

(Acc. to I.) Monstrously, immoderately, excessively:

immaniter clamare,

Gell. 1, 26, 8.—More freq.,

(Acc. to II.) Frightfully, dreadfully, fiercely, savagely, wildly.

Form immane:

leo hians immane,

Verg. A. 10, 726:

sonat fluctus per saxa,

id. G. 3, 239; cf.:

fremant torrentes,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 237:

spirans rapta securi,

Verg. A. 7, 510.—

Form immaniter: leones per ea loca saevientes immaniter, Amm. 18, 7:

perdite et immaniter vivere,

Aug. Conf. 10, 37.—

Comp.:

immanius efferascunt,

Amm. 18, 7.

imprōvĭdus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-providus], not foreseeing, not anticipating, improvident (class.; syn.: incautus, imprudens, inconsultus).

Absol.:

duces,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2:

senes,

id. Lael. 26, 100:

improvidos incautosque hostes opprimere,

Liv. 22, 19, 6; Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

hominum mentes occupare,

id. Lig. 6, 17:

pectora,

Verg. A. 2, 200:

adulescens improvida aetate,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62 fin.:

aetas puerorum,

Lucr. 1, 939; 4, 14:

tela, quae et ipsa caeca et improvida feruntur,

aimless, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 5:

festinatio inprovida est et caeca,

Liv. 22, 39, 22.—

With gen.:

futuri certaminis Romanus veniebat,

Liv. 26, 39, 7:

rudis et improvida hujus mali civitas,

Plin. 36, 3, 3, § 7:

(Vitellius) ignarus militiae, improvidus consilii,

Tac. H. 3, 56.—

With inf.:

hasta improvida servasse spatium campi distantis,

Sil. 4, 286.— Adv.: imprōvĭdē, improvidently:

se in praeceps dare,

Liv. 27, 27, 11; Col. 6, 17, 35.

in-consultus, a, um, adj.

Not consulted, unasked (so perh. not in Cic.):

inconsulto senatu,

Liv. 36, 36, 2; so,

inconsulto se,

Suet. Tib. 52:

me inconsulto,

Amm. 17, 5, 12; 27, 2 fin.; Ambros. Ep. 6, 43; Plin. Ep. 10, 107, 2; Symm. Ep. 4, 8; 5, 18 al.—

Transf., not regarded, not respected:

inconsulta potestate superiore,

Amm. 27, 2, 9:

inconsulta pietate, Cod. Th. 15, 1, 37: inconsulta clementia,

ib. 15, 15, 1. —

Without advice, not advised ( poet.):

inconsulti abeunt, sedemque odere Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 3, 452. —

Unadvised, inconsiderate, indiscreet (class.).

Of persons:

homo inconsultus et temerarius,

Cic. Deiot. 6, 16; Suet. Claud. 15 (with praeceps; opp. circumspectus); Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 15; cf.:

heu rebus servare serenis inconsulta modum (Capua),

Sil. 8, 547. —

Of things:

bene consultum inconsultum est, si id inimicis usui'st,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6:

ratio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:

largitio,

Liv. 5, 20, 5:

pavor,

id. 22, 6, 6:

pugna,

id. 22, 44, 7:

aures turbae,

Sen. Ep. 40:

motus,

Gell. 19, 1, 17: aliquem inconsulto calore interficere, in a sudden heat, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 4, 3, 6.— Adv. in two forms.

incon-sultē, unadvisedly, inconsiderately (class.):

inconsulte ac temere dicere,

Cic. N. D. 1, 16, 43:

inconsulte et incaute commissum proelium,

Liv. 4, 37, 8:

temereque vivere,

Sen. Ben. 1:

processerant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45. Comp.:

inconsultius quam venerat se gessit,

Liv. 41, 10, 5. —

inconsultō: se in periculum mittere, Auct. ad Her. 3, 5, 8:

deleta et inducta,

Dig. 28, 4, 1.

inconsultus, ūs, m. [2. in-consulo], the not advising with another (anteclass.; only in the abl. sing.):

inconsultu meo,

without consulting me, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 130.

ĭnĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [in-ago].

To drive into or to a place, to drive:

grege jumentorum inacto,

Varr. R. R. 1, 52, 2:

in stabula,

id. ib. 2, 2, 15: equum in oves, Fronto ad M. Caes. 2, ep. 15 Mai.:

feras ad nocendum,

Sen. Ep. 103, 2:

navem Romam,

Fronto, B. Parth. p. 203 Mai.—

To throw or thrust anywhere:

anus repentino pulsu nutantem ac pendulum praeceps inegit,

pushed him down, App. M. 4 ante med. p. 148, 12.

immānis ( inm-), e, adj. [i. e. in- and old Lat. mānus=bonus; kindr. with Sanscr. ma=metior, to measure; Lat. mānes, good spirits], monstrous in size, enormous, immense, huge, vast (class.).

Lit. (usually of inanim. and abstr. things):

corporum magnitudo,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 9; cf.:

simulacra immani magnitudine,

id. ib. 6, 16, 4:

immani corpore serpens,

Lucr. 5, 33; 3, 987:

ingens immanisque praeda,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 110:

pecunia,

id. Rosc. Com. 8, 23:

pocula,

id. Phil. 2, 25, 63:

immania ponti Aequora,

Lucr. 4, 410:

templa caeli,

id. 5, 521:

antrum,

Verg. A. 6, 11; cf.:

spelunca vasto hiatu,

id. ib. 6, 237:

barathrum,

id. ib. 8, 245:

tegumen leonis,

id. ib. 7, 666:

telum,

id. ib. 11, 552 al.:

magna atque immanis,

Lucr. 4, 1163:

cete,

Verg. A. 5, 822:

numerus annorum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 3; cf.:

exercitus,

Vell. 2, 51, 1:

frequentia amicorum,

id. 2, 59 fin.:

geminos immani pondere caestus,

Verg. A. 5, 401:

vox,

Quint. 11, 3, 32:

ambitus redit immanis: numquam fuit par,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 4:

dissensio civitatis,

Vell. 2, 2, 1:

studium loquendi,

Ov. M. 5, 678:

avaritia,

Sall. J. 31, 12:

vitium,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 76:

soloecismus,

Gell. 15, 9, 3:

impulsae praeceps inmane ruinae,

the vast crash, Juv. 10, 107.— Neutr. absol.: Immane quantum animi exarsere, Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 27 (2, 79 Dietsch); so,

vino et lucernis Medus acinaces Immane quantum discrepat,

how exceedingly, wonderfully, Hor. C. 1, 27, 6:

civilis lapsu equi prostratus immane quantum suis pavoris et hostibus alacritatis indidit,

Tac. H. 4, 34: quod matrimonium Aemiliano huic immane quanto fuit, App. Mag.;

and in full: immane dictu est, quanti et quam multi ad Pompeium discesserint,

Sall. Orat. ad Caes. 1.—

Trop., monstrous in character, frightful, inhuman, fierce, savage, wild (class.; syn.: ferus, immitis, barbarus, durus, saevus;

opp. mansuetus, mitis): hostis in ceteris rebus nimis ferus et immanis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 51; cf.:

nulla gens tam fera, nemo omnium tam immanis, cujus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 13, 30:

ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos,

id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

ad humanitatem atque mansuetudinem revocavit animos hominum studiis bellandi jam immanes ac feros,

id. Rep. 2, 14:

belua (with fera),

id. Ac. 2, 34, 108; id. N. D. 2, 64, 161;

(with taetra),

id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; cf.:

immanis et vasta belua,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

nihil ista immanius belua est,

id. ib. 3, 33:

janitor aulae, Cerberus,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 15:

ex hoc populo indomito, vel potius immani, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44:

istius immanis atque importuna natura,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 8:

immanis, intolerandus, vesanus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 7:

immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

Cic. Font. 10, 21:

tantum facinus, tam immane (patris occidendi),

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

coeptis effera Dido,

Verg. A. 4, 642:

orae,

id. ib. 1, 616:

Raeti,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 15:

Agathyrsi,

Juv. 15, 125:

Pyrrhus,

id. 14, 162.— Subst.: immānĭa, ium, n., frightful deeds or sayings:

quamvis fabulosa et immania credebantur,

stories however fabulous and frightful, Tac. A. 4, 11:

dira atque inmania pati,

Juv. 15, 104.— Comp.:

scelere ante alios immanior omnes,

Verg. A. 1, 347.— Sup.:

voluptatem immanissimus quisque acerrime sequitur,

Cic. Part. Or. 25, 90.—Hence, adv. in two forms, im-māne and immānĭter (not ante-Aug.).

(Acc. to I.) Monstrously, immoderately, excessively:

immaniter clamare,

Gell. 1, 26, 8.—More freq.,

(Acc. to II.) Frightfully, dreadfully, fiercely, savagely, wildly.

Form immane:

leo hians immane,

Verg. A. 10, 726:

sonat fluctus per saxa,

id. G. 3, 239; cf.:

fremant torrentes,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 237:

spirans rapta securi,

Verg. A. 7, 510.—

Form immaniter: leones per ea loca saevientes immaniter, Amm. 18, 7:

perdite et immaniter vivere,

Aug. Conf. 10, 37.—

Comp.:

immanius efferascunt,

Amm. 18, 7.

imprōvĭdus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. in-providus], not foreseeing, not anticipating, improvident (class.; syn.: incautus, imprudens, inconsultus).

Absol.:

duces,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2:

senes,

id. Lael. 26, 100:

improvidos incautosque hostes opprimere,

Liv. 22, 19, 6; Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

hominum mentes occupare,

id. Lig. 6, 17:

pectora,

Verg. A. 2, 200:

adulescens improvida aetate,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62 fin.:

aetas puerorum,

Lucr. 1, 939; 4, 14:

tela, quae et ipsa caeca et improvida feruntur,

aimless, Plin. Ep. 4, 22, 5:

festinatio inprovida est et caeca,

Liv. 22, 39, 22.—

With gen.:

futuri certaminis Romanus veniebat,

Liv. 26, 39, 7:

rudis et improvida hujus mali civitas,

Plin. 36, 3, 3, § 7:

(Vitellius) ignarus militiae, improvidus consilii,

Tac. H. 3, 56.—

With inf.:

hasta improvida servasse spatium campi distantis,

Sil. 4, 286.— Adv.: imprōvĭdē, improvidently:

se in praeceps dare,

Liv. 27, 27, 11; Col. 6, 17, 35.

irrĕvŏcābĭlis ( inr-), e, adj. [2. inrevocabilis], that cannot be recalled, irrevocable.

Lit.:

vulgus,

uncontrollable, Luc. 1, 509:

praeterita aetas,

Lucr. 1, 468:

in casum irrevocabilem se dare,

unalterably, Liv. 42, 62, 3:

semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum,

Hor. Ep. 1. 18, 71:

constantia,

unchangeable, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 2. —

Transf.: ancorae pondere irrevocabili [p. 1002] jactae, which, on account of their great weight, cannot be drawn back, Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 2:

hamus,

id. 16, 35, 65, § 159:

Domitiani natura praeceps in iram et, quo obscurior, eo irrevocabilior,

the more implacable, Tac. Agr. 42:

gladius,

not to be sheathed, Vulg. Ezech. 21, 5:

donatio,

irreversible, Dig. 39, 5, 34.— Adv.: irrĕvŏcābĭlĭter, irrevocably, unchangeably, incessantly, Sen. Q. N. 2, 35, 1:

progredi,

Aug. Ep. 120, 24; id. Civ. Dei, 22, 20, 1.

irrĕvŏcābĭlis ( inr-), e, adj. [2. inrevocabilis], that cannot be recalled, irrevocable.

Lit.:

vulgus,

uncontrollable, Luc. 1, 509:

praeterita aetas,

Lucr. 1, 468:

in casum irrevocabilem se dare,

unalterably, Liv. 42, 62, 3:

semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum,

Hor. Ep. 1. 18, 71:

constantia,

unchangeable, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 2. —

Transf.: ancorae pondere irrevocabili [p. 1002] jactae, which, on account of their great weight, cannot be drawn back, Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 2:

hamus,

id. 16, 35, 65, § 159:

Domitiani natura praeceps in iram et, quo obscurior, eo irrevocabilior,

the more implacable, Tac. Agr. 42:

gladius,

not to be sheathed, Vulg. Ezech. 21, 5:

donatio,

irreversible, Dig. 39, 5, 34.— Adv.: irrĕvŏcābĭlĭter, irrevocably, unchangeably, incessantly, Sen. Q. N. 2, 35, 1:

progredi,

Aug. Ep. 120, 24; id. Civ. Dei, 22, 20, 1.

irrĕvŏcābĭlis ( inr-), e, adj. [2. inrevocabilis], that cannot be recalled, irrevocable.

Lit.:

vulgus,

uncontrollable, Luc. 1, 509:

praeterita aetas,

Lucr. 1, 468:

in casum irrevocabilem se dare,

unalterably, Liv. 42, 62, 3:

semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum,

Hor. Ep. 1. 18, 71:

constantia,

unchangeable, Plin. Ep. 3, 7, 2. —

Transf.: ancorae pondere irrevocabili [p. 1002] jactae, which, on account of their great weight, cannot be drawn back, Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 2:

hamus,

id. 16, 35, 65, § 159:

Domitiani natura praeceps in iram et, quo obscurior, eo irrevocabilior,

the more implacable, Tac. Agr. 42:

gladius,

not to be sheathed, Vulg. Ezech. 21, 5:

donatio,

irreversible, Dig. 39, 5, 34.— Adv.: irrĕvŏcābĭlĭter, irrevocably, unchangeably, incessantly, Sen. Q. N. 2, 35, 1:

progredi,

Aug. Ep. 120, 24; id. Civ. Dei, 22, 20, 1.

jacto, āvi, ātum (jactarier, Lucr. 6, 556; Enn. Tr. 130), 1, v. freq. a. [jacio], to throw, cast, hurl.

Lit.:

semen,

to scatter, Varr. R. R. 1, 42:

semina per undas,

Ov. M. 4, 748:

jactato flore tegente vias,

id. Tr. 4, 2, 50:

irrita sacrilega jactas incendia dextra,

id. M. 14, 539:

hastas,

Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 316:

vestem argentumque de muro,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47:

lapides vacuum in orbem,

Verg. G. 1, 62:

cinerem per agros,

id. ib. 1, 81:

se muris in praeceps,

Curt. 5, 6, 7;

of casting a net: rete,

Dig. 19, 1, 12;

also of dicethrowing: talos arripio, jacto basilicum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 79; cf.:

numerosque manu jactabat eburnos,

Ov. A. A. 2, 203; id. ib. 3, 355; Suet. Aug. 71.—

Transf.

To throw or toss about; to shake, flourish:

crura,

Lucr. 4, 991:

brachia in numerum,

id. 4, 769:

manus,

Quint. 11, 3, 179; 10, 3, 21:

umeros,

id. 11, 3, 130:

tinnula manu,

Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 38:

tintinnabulum,

Phaedr. 2, 7, 5:

onerosa pallia,

Juv. 6, 236:

cerviculam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19, § 49:

nisi se suo more jactavisset,

i. e. to make gestures, id. Brut. 60, 217:

cum multum se Curio ex more jactasset,

Quint. 11, 3, 129:

exsultare immoderateque jactari,

Cic. Div. 1, 29, 60:

corpus in suo sanguine,

to wallow, Ov. M. 10, 721:

videntes,

Verg. G. 2, 355:

a facie manus,

to throw kisses, Juv. 3, 106; cf.: jactare basia, id. 4, 118:

oculos,

Lucr. 4, 1133:

lumina,

Ov. H. 3, 11:

jugum,

i. e. to be restless, rebellious, Juv. 13, 22.—

To drive hither and thither, to drive about:

cum adversā tempestate in alto jactarentur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 95; Ov. H. 17, 235; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 15; Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 15:

ut Aeneas pelago... omnia circum Litora jactetur,

Verg. A. 1, 668; 10, 48; 1, 182:

jactati aequore toto Troes,

id. ib. 1, 29; Ov. M. 11, 441 al.:

si quando, ut fit, jactor in turba, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

jactatur domi suae homo honestissimus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

aestu febrique jactari,

id. Cat. 1, 13.—So of the sea:

ut jactetur aqua,

Lucr. 6, 553:

cito mutata est jactati forma profundi,

Ov. H. 19, 77:

aequora,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 57.—

To throw away:

merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

arma,

Liv. 9, 12; Curt. 3, 3, 9.—Esp., to throw overboard, throw into the sea, Dig. 47, 2, 43, § 10; 14, 2, 4, § 2:

jactatur rerum utilium pars maxima,

Juv. 12, 52.—

To throw out, emit, spread:

luna suam jactat de corpore lucem,

Lucr. 5, 576:

voces per umbram,

Verg. A. 2, 768.—

Trop.

To torment, disquiet, disturb:

jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4:

nolo te jactari diutius,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 59:

ipsa velut navis jactor,

Ov. H. 21, 41:

jactari morbis,

Lucr. 3, 507:

clamore et convicio,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5:

aliquem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45.—

Jactare se or jactari, not to be firm, to waver, Cic. Tusc. 4, 10.—Of money, to fluctuate in value:

jactabatur temporibus illis nummus sic, ut nemo posset scire, quid haberet,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80. —

To consider, examine, discuss:

pluribus praesentibus eas res jactari nolebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

multa totā die in concilio variis jactata sermonibus erant,

i. e. discussed, not decided, Liv. 1, 50, 3:

pectore curas,

Verg. A. 1, 227:

jactari magis quam peragi accusatio ejus poterat,

discussed without a conclusion, to no purpose, Liv. 10, 46, 16.—

To discuss, mention, intimate, pronounce, throw out, utter, speak, say, name, propose a thing:

rem jactare sermonibus,

Liv. 8, 29:

ultro citroque,

id. 7, 9:

jactamus jam pridem omnis te Roma beatum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 18:

talia jactanti, etc.,

Verg. A. 1, 102:

jactatum in condicionibus nequiquam de Tarquiniis in regnum restituendis,

Liv. 2, 13, 3:

hanc autem jactari magis causam quam veram esse,

to be rather the pretext than the true reason, id. 5, 53, 2.—

To throw or fling out threats, etc.:

jactare et opponere terrorem,

Cic. Sest. 23, 52:

minas,

id. Quint. 14, 47:

probra in quempiam,

Liv. 29, 9; cf.:

convicia,

Prop. 3, 8, 11.—

To boast of, vaunt a thing:

ostentare honorem aetatis, jactare urbanam gratiam et dignitatem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 83:

ingenium,

Quint. 3, 1, 3:

genus et nomen,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 13:

regna et virtutem,

Ov. H. 16, 81:

quo te jactas creatum,

id. M. 9, 23; Curt. 8, 1, 23.—

With se, to talk boastfully of one's self, to boast, make an ostentatious display.

Absol.:

intolerantius se jactare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, § 209:

non jactandi mei causā,

Quint. Decl. 268.—

With dat.:

se alicui,

to boast of one's self to a person, Ov. H. 12, 175:

se Iliae querenti ultorem,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 18; Liv. 35, 49, 3:

ipse cum se jactaret amicae,

Juv. 1, 62.—

With in or simple abl.:

cum in eo se in contione jactavisset,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5:

ne quis sit lucus, quo se plus jactet Apollo,

Verg. E. 6, 73.—

With de:

jactat se jamdudum de Calidio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 46.—

With gen.:

se justitiae,

Hier. Ep. 23, 34. —

With two acc.:

se jactare formosum,

Phaedr. 3, 8, 6.—

To carry one's self confidently or conceitedly:

qui antea solitus esset jactare se magnificentissime in illo loco,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 3.—

To be officious or active in, to give one's self up to, devote one's self to a thing:

jactare se in causis centumviralibus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173:

nostrum hoc tempus aetatis forensi labore jactari,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5:

in qua (re publica) tu non valde te jactas,

id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:

se actionibus tribuniciis,

Liv. 3, 1.—

Se in pecuniis, to be prodigal of one's money, Cic. Cat. 2, 9.—Hence, jactans, antis, P. a., boasting, bragging, boastful, vainglorious.

Lit.: insolens, arrogans, jactans, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 322, 13:

epistolae jactantes et gloriosae,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9:

neque vereor ne jactantior videar, etc.,

id. ib. 9, 23; so Verg. A. 6, 815: jactantior hic paulo est, Hor. S. 1, 3, 50.—With gen.:

tumidus ae sui jactans,

Quint. 11, 1, 50:

plebis jactantissimus amator,

Spart. Hadr. 17.—

Transf., proud, noble, splendid:

septemgemino jactantior aethera pulset Roma jugo,

Stat. S. 4, 1, 6; Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 1.— Adv.: jactanter, boastfully, ostentatiously:

minae jactanter sonantes,

Amm. 27, 2, 3; Prud. Ham. 170.— Comp.:

jactantius maerere,

Tac. A. 2, 77:

litteras componere,

id. H. 3, 53; Prud. Ham. 170.

jŭvĕnīlis ( jŭvĕnāl-), e, adj. [id.], of or belonging to youth, youthful, juvenile.

Lit.: juvenilis quaedam dicendi impunitas et licentia. Cic. Brut. 91, 316:

redundantia,

id. Or. 30, 108: sumptis Priamum juvenalibus armis vidit. Verg. A. 2, 518:

corpus,

id. ib. 5, 475:

valida ac juvenilia membra,

Juv. 11, 5:

anni,

Ov. M. 8, 632:

caput,

id. ib. 1, 564:

femur,

id. Am. 1, 5, 22:

suis semper juvenilior annis,

id. M. 14, 639:

sidus juvenile nepotes,

shining among the youths like stars, a youthful constellation, id. Tr. 2, 167.—

Transf.

Lively, cheerful:

integer et laetus laeta et juvenilia lusi,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 7.—

Violent, strong:

praeceps juvenile pericli,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 50.—Hence, advv.

jŭvĕnīle, youthfully:

adhuc juvenile vagans,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 25.—

jŭvĕnīlĭter, youthfully, after the manner of youth:

exsultare,

Cic. de Sen. 4, 10 (in Ovid only juvenaliter; v. juvenalis fin.).

jŭvĕnīlis ( jŭvĕnāl-), e, adj. [id.], of or belonging to youth, youthful, juvenile.

Lit.: juvenilis quaedam dicendi impunitas et licentia. Cic. Brut. 91, 316:

redundantia,

id. Or. 30, 108: sumptis Priamum juvenalibus armis vidit. Verg. A. 2, 518:

corpus,

id. ib. 5, 475:

valida ac juvenilia membra,

Juv. 11, 5:

anni,

Ov. M. 8, 632:

caput,

id. ib. 1, 564:

femur,

id. Am. 1, 5, 22:

suis semper juvenilior annis,

id. M. 14, 639:

sidus juvenile nepotes,

shining among the youths like stars, a youthful constellation, id. Tr. 2, 167.—

Transf.

Lively, cheerful:

integer et laetus laeta et juvenilia lusi,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 7.—

Violent, strong:

praeceps juvenile pericli,

Stat. S. 1, 4, 50.—Hence, advv.

jŭvĕnīle, youthfully:

adhuc juvenile vagans,

Stat. S. 3, 5, 25.—

jŭvĕnīlĭter, youthfully, after the manner of youth:

exsultare,

Cic. de Sen. 4, 10 (in Ovid only juvenaliter; v. juvenalis fin.).

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

longinquus, a, um, adj. [longus], long, extensive.

Lit., in space.

In gen. (rare):

linea,

Plin. 9, 17, 26, § 59:

aequora,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 363:

amnes,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—

In partic.

Far removed, far off, remote, distant (class.):

nos longinqui et a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

Cic. Fam. 15, 9, 1:

ex locis tam longinquis,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47:

ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

id. Cat. 2, 13, 29:

longinqua Lacedaemon,

id. Att. 15, 9, 1:

nationes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 77:

cura,

respecting things that are far off, Liv. 22, 23:

longinquiores loci,

Caes. B. G. 4, 27:

vulnera, i. e. e longinquo accepta,

Luc. 3, 568.—In neutr. absol.: ex (e) longinquo, from afar, from a distance:

e longinquo intueri,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; Tac. A. 1, 47; Sen. Ep. 22.— Plur.:

longinqua imperii adire,

the remote parts, Tac. A. 3, 34.—

Living far off, foreign, strange:

homo longinquus et alienigena,

Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:

Clodius aequaliter in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

id. Mil. 28, 76:

piscis,

Ov. Ib. 150.—

Transf., of time.

In gen., long, of long duration or continuance, prolonged, lasting, continued, tedious (class.; cf.:

diutinus, diuturnus): vita,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 136:

adfert vetustas omnibus in rebus longinqua observatione incredibilem scientiam,

Cic. Div. 1, 49, 109:

dolores,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

oppugnatio,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

consuetudo,

id. B. G. 1, 47:

militia,

Liv. 4, 18.— Comp.:

longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum,

Nep. Them. 4, 3.—

In partic.

Long deferred, distant (rare):

cum spe perrumpendi periculi, vel in longinquum tempus differendi,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 112:

cum... aut tempore longinqua aut praeceps periculo victoria esset,

Liv. 9, 24, 2:

spes longinqua et sera,

Tac. A. 13, 37.—

Old, ancient:

monumenta,

Plin. 13, 12, 26, § 83. —

Remote, far-fetched:

sunt et durae (translationes), id est a longinqua similitudine ductae, ut "capitis nives," etc.,

Quint. 8, 6, 17.—Hence, adv., in three forms: lon-ginquē, longinquō, and longin-quom (only ante- and post - class.).

A long way off, far away: longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 515, 14 (Trag. v. 103, Vahl.).—

In time, long, a long while:

odiosast oratio, quom rem agas, longinquom loqui,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 25:

servus longinquo absens,

Dig. 30, 3; so ib. 3, 3, 44.— Comp.:

longinquius diutiusque adesse,

Gell. 1, 22, 12.—

After a long interval:

historiam scripsere Pictor incondite, Sisenna longinque,

Fronto Ep. ad Ver. 1 Mai.

nam, conj. [ acc. sing. fem. of pronom. stem na-; cf.: egô-nê, tu-nê; Lat. ne, nae; masc. num; cf.: tum, tam; quom, quam].

To introduce a confirmation or explanation, for (always in prose beginning the sentence; cf.: enim, etenim, and v. infra C.).

Introducing an explanation or fuller statement of something already said.

In gen.:

is pagus appellabatur Tigurinus. Nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12, 4:

quibus rebus auditis... suas quoque copias in tres partes distribuerunt. Nam praesidio e regione castrorum relicto... reliquas copias, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 61, 5: neque solum colent inter se ac diligent, sed etiam verebuntur. Nam maximum ornamentum amicitiae tollit, qui ex eā tollit verecundiam, Cic. [p. 1185] Lael. 22, 82; id. Part. Or. 11, 38; id. Or. 43, 147; cf.:

pandite atque aperite propere januam hanc Orci, opsecro. Nam equidem haut aliter esse duco,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 2. —

Esp.

To introduce an explanatory parenthetical clause:

omni ratione colenda justitia est, tum ipsa per sese (nam aliter justitia non esset), tum, etc.,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 42:

et in insulā quae est in Fibreno —nam hoc, opinor, illi alteri flumini nomen est—sermoni reliquo demus operam sedentes,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 1:

tamen is ad id locorum talis vir (nam postea ambitione praeceps datus est), consulatum adpetere non audebat,

Sall. J. 63, 6; Sen. Ep. 40, 9.—

To resume the course of thought after a parenthetical interruption:

hic vero simul... atque me mare transisse cognovit (audi, audi, atque attende...), nam simul ac me Dyrrachium attigisse audivit, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98:

duplex inde Hannibali gaudium fuit (neque enim quidquam eorum, quae apud hostes agerentur, eum fallebat): nam et liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo capturum, et sollertiae Fabii dimidium virium decessisse,

Liv. 22, 28, 1.—

To introduce an example, or several examples, illustrating a general statement, for example, for instance:

sed vivo Catone minores natu multi uno tempore oratores floruerunt. Nam et A. Albinus... et litteratus et disertus fuit. Nam Q. Metellus... in primis est habitus eloquens,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81:

quin etiam easdem causas ut quisque egerit utile erit scire. Nam de domo Ciceronis dixit Calidius, et pro Milone orationem Brutus exercitationis gratiā scripsit,

Quint. 10, 1, 23; 8, 6, 38; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 23.—

Introducing a ground or reason for a fact, command, or principle.

In gen.:

quamobrem, Quirites, celebratote illos dies cum conjugibus ac liberis vestris: nam multi saepe honores dīs immortalibus justi habiti sunt, sed profecto justiores numquam,

Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 23: vires vitaque corpus meum nunc deserit omne: nam me visus homo pulcher, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40:

qui... dilectum habere noluerit. Nam sociorum auxilia aut ita imbecilla sunt, ut non multum nos juvare possint, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 11.—

Esp., introducing the speaker's reason for a particular form of statement, etc.:

Phoenices alias urbes in orā maritumā condidere... nam de Carthagine silere melius puto quam parum dicere,

Sall. J. 19, 1; cf.

Mercuri (nam te docilis magistro Movit Amphion lapides canendo), etc.,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 1;

so in a question: una domus erat, idem victus isque communis... nam quid ego de studiis dicam cognoscendi semper aliquid, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 27, 104:

nam quid ego de cotidiano sermone querimoniāque populi Romani loquar?

id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 129.—

Loosely, introducing the speaker's reason for saying what precedes: nam ego ad Menaechmum nunc eo ( I have said this), for, etc., Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 20; id. Trin. 1, 1, 3 Brix ad loc.—So esp. after a general remark, introducing its illustration in the case in hand, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 58 Spengel ad loc.; id. Most. 5, 1, 3; id. Mil. 2, 1, 17.—

In a still looser connection, introducing a particular fact or argument in support of what precedes, but, now, certainly:

L. Sisennae omnis facultas ex historiā ipsius perspici potest, quae cum facile vincat superiores, tum indicat quantum absit a summo... Nam Q. Hortensii admodum adulescentis ingenium simul aspectum et probatum est,

Cic. Brut. 64, 228; 43, 161; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68:

at prooemium aliquando et narrationem dicit malus homo et argumenta sic, ut nihil sit in his requirendum. Nam et latro pugnabit acriter, virtus tamen erit fortitudo,

Quint. 2, 20, 10.—

Ellipt., in reply to a question or remark, where the answer is implied, and nam introduces the reason for it; for assuredly, certainly:

nos hunc Heracliensem, multis civitatibus expetitum... de nostrā civitate eiciemus? Nam si quis minorem gloriae fructum putat ex Graecis versibus percipi quam ex Latinis, vehementer errat,

Cic. Arch. 10, 22 sq.:

numquid ergo hic Lysimachus, felicitate quādam dentibus leonis elapsus, ob hoc cum ipse regnaret mitior fuit? Nam Telesphorum Rhodium amicum suum... in caveā velut novum animal aliquod... pavit,

Sen. de Ira. 3, 17, 3; cf.: de eis rebus, inquit Crassus, quibus sciam poteroque. Tum ille:

nam quod tu non poteris aut nescies, quis nostrum tam impudens est, qui se scire aut posse postulet?

Cic. de Or. 1, 22, 101.—So with particles of asseveration: mehercule, hercule, edepol, etc.: tamen tibi a me nulla orta est injuria. Aes. Nam hercle etiam hoc restat, i. e. not yet; for that is to come hereafter, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 36: sume, posce, prome quidvis: te facio cellarium. Er. Nam nisi hercle manticinatus probe ero, fusti pectito, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 115:

dicunt ei fere nullam esse columnam, quae ad perpendiculum esse possit. Nam mehercule, inquit, sic agamus: columnae ad perpendiculum exigantur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133.—

The conjunction nam sometimes follows a word of the clause ( poet. and perh. not ante-Aug.; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 246):

prohibent nam cetera Parcae Scire,

Verg. A. 3, 379:

solam nam perfidus ille Te colere,

id. ib. 4, 421; 10, 585;

1, 444: olim nam quaerere amabam,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 20; 41:

ego nam videor mihi sanus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 302:

his nam plebecula plaudit,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 186.

In transitions.

Introducing a new subject as of secondary importance; but now, on the other hand:

nam quod rumores distulerunt malivoli, Multas contamināsse Graecas, dum facit Paucas Latinas: factum hic esse id non negat, Neque se pigere,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 19:

nam quod purgas eos, quos ego mihi scripsi invidisse, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

nam quod negas te dubitare quin magnā in offensā sim apud Pompeium hoc tempore, non video causam cur ita sit,

id. ib. 9, 2, a, 2; id. Off. 2, 13, 47:

nam auguralis libros ad commune utriusque nostrum otium serva,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 4:

nam Vestae nomen a Graecis est, i. e. though that of Janus, before named, is Latin,

id. N. D. 2, 27, 67; id. Div. 2, 31, 66; 2, 32, 68; Quint. 1, 11, 7; 10, 1, 9.—

Esp., in referring to a consideration too obvious to require discussion, for obviously, for it is certain, etc.:

postremo hoc in pectus tuum demitte, numquam populum Romanum beneficiis victum esse: nam bello quid valeat, tute scis,

Sall. J. 102, 11; Liv. 39, 26, 3; Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Tac. H. 4, 76.

In interrogations, emphatically, expressing wonder or emotion in the questioner; cf. Gr. gar.

With an interrogative.

Beginning a sentence (anteclass. and poet.): perdidisti omnem operam? Ep. Nam quī perdidi? but how? but why? Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 29:

nam quem ego adspicio?

id. Poen. 5, 3, 3: quid ego ago? Tr. Nam quid tu, malum, me rogitas quid agas? id. Most. 2, 1, 21:

nam quae haec anus est exanimata a fratre quae egressa'st meo?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

nam quid ita?

id. Eun. 5, 2, 58:

nam quem? alium habui neminem,

id. ib. 4, 4, 13:

nam quam ob rem? (= quamnam),

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 2:

nam quā me causā extrusisti ex aedibus?

id. Aul. 1, 1, 5 et saep.:

nam quis te, juvenum confidentissime, nostras Jussit adire domos?

Verg. G. 4, 445 (but cf. Forbig. ad loc. and Kritz ad Sall. J. 19, 2):

nam quae tam sera moratur Segnities?

id. A. 2, 373:

bellua multorum es capitum. Nam quid sequar aut quem?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 76.—

Joined as enclitic to an interrogative word:

quinam homo hic ante aedīs nostras conqueritur?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 9, 17:

quidnam id est?

id. Trin. 5, 2, 45:

quisnam igitur tuebitur P. Scipionis memoriam mortui?

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 36, § 80:

O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus?

id. Cat. 1, 4, 9; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere quidnam consilii caperent,

Sall. C. 41, 1.—For quianam, v. quia fin. —

Separated from the interrogative word:

quid tibi ex filio nam, obsecro, aegre est?

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 27:

quis ea'st nam optuma?

id. Aul. 2, 1, 17; 3, 2, 3:

quid cerussa opus nam?

id. Most. 1, 3, 101:

quis est nam ludus in undis?

Verg. E. 9, 39.—

With num:

num tibi nam, amabo, janua est mordax mea?

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 1:

num quid nam tibi molestum est, gnate mi, si, etc.,

id. As. 5, 1, 3; cf.:

comicum est et Terentianum numquidnam, cum exemptis num et nam sufficere ad interrogationem potuisset quid,

Donat. ad Ter. And. 1, 4, 8:

num nam haec audivit,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 6:

num quid nam de oratore ipso restat,

Cic. Part. Or. 7, 26.—

Without an interrogative word (very rare): scis nam tibi quae praecepi? Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 51. (For fuller details, v. Hand, Turs. 4, pp. 1-22.)

nūdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [nudus], to make naked or bare; to strip, bare, lay bare, expose to view, uncover (syn.: exuo, detego, revelo).

Lit.

In gen.: nudare inter cives corpora, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70 (Trag. v. 426 Vahl.):

hominem nudari ac deligari jubet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 62, § 161:

nudatum caput,

Verg. A. 12, 312:

duros nudantia dentes,

Lucr. 5, 1064; Quint. 11, 3, 81:

gladios,

Liv. 28, 33:

telum nudatum vaginā,

Nep. Dat. 11, 4:

viscera,

Verg. A. 1, 211:

crura,

id. G. 2, 7; Tac. A. 6, 33:

si interrupto nudaret gurgite pontum,

Tib. 4, 1, 75:

nudata cacumina silvae Ostendunt,

Ov. M. 1, 345:

ubera,

id. ib. 10, 391:

tertia nudandas acceperat area messes,

i. e. to be threshed out, id. F. 3, 557.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to leave uncovered, leave exposed or defenceless, to expose a place to the enemy:

latera sua,

Liv. 1, 27:

murus nudatus defensoribus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6; Liv. 21, 11:

collis nudatus hominibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 44:

neque sibi nudanda litora existimabant,

id. B. C. 3, 15:

ne castra nudentur,

id. B. G. 7, 70:

praesidiis nudatus,

Sall. J. 88, 4; Liv. 30, 2, 5:

terga fugā nudant,

Verg. A. 5, 586. —

Pregn., to strip, spoil, plunder:

spoliavit nudavitque omnia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 14:

agros nudare populando,

Liv. 44, 27:

opibus,

id. 42, 50:

quem praeceps alea nudat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 21:

moveat cornicula risum Furtivis nudata coloribus,

id. ib. 1, 3, 19:

nec nuder ab illis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 6, 7.—

Trop.

To lay bare, expose:

te evolutum illis integumentis dissimulationis tuae nudatumque perspicio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 350:

vis ingenii etiamsi hac scientiā juris nudata sit,

id. ib. 1, 38, 172.—

To lay bare, make visible, expose, betray, disclose:

defectionem,

Liv. 35, 32:

nec illi primo statim creati nudare, quid vellent,

id. 24, 27:

fama equestris pugnae nudavit voluntates hominum,

id. 42, 63:

ne poena ejus consilia adversus Romanos nudaret,

id. 40, 24:

animos,

id. 33, 21; Hor. S. 2, 5, 47:

ingenium res Adversae nudare solent, celare secundae,

id. ib. 2, 8, 74:

alicui amorem,

Tib. 4, 7, 2.—

To deprive of, strip of:

nudata omnibus rebus tribunicia potestas,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7: nudatos opere censorio aut sententiā judicum de ambitu condemnatos restituit, those who had been stripped by the censor of their rights and privileges, Suet. Caes. 41 (al. notatos):

cum tuo exercitusque tui praesidio nudatam Italiam viderint,

Liv. 28, 42.

Pĕnātes, ĭum (Penatis singulariter Labeo Antistius posse dici putat, quia pluraliter Penates dicuntur, cum patiatur proportio etiam Penas dici, ut optimas, primas, Antias, Fest. p. 253 Müll. But the singular is never used; and for Denas = Penas, which some assume in Dion. Hal. 1, 68, it is probably most correct to read DIS MAGNIS, v. Ambrosch, Studien und Andeut. vol. i. p. 231 sq.— Acc. plur. PENATEIS, perh. Tab. Bant. lin. 22), m. [from the root pa, whence pascor, pabulum, pānis; also penus, and, through the notion of a storehouse or inner chamber, also penes, penetro; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 270 sq.; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 425 sq.].

Lit., the Penates, old Latin guardian deities of the household, and of the state formed of a union of households, whose seat was originally in Lavinium; usually connected with di: IN VELIA APVD AEDEM DEVM PENATIVM, Inscr. Varr. L. L. 5, § 54 Müll.; cf.:

aedes deorum Penatium in Veliā,

Liv. 45, 16:

AEDEM DEVM PENATIVM IN VELIA, Monum. Ancyr.: di Penates,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 5 sq.: in mensā Penatium deorum, Naev. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31:

sanctis Penatium deorum Larumque familiarium sedibus,

Cic. Rep. 5, 5, 7; id. Deiot. 5, 15: MENS. IANVAR. SACRIFICANT. DIS. PENATIBVS, Calend. Farnes. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2, p. 380: v. s. Inscr. Orell. 1677; cf. ib. 1675 and 1678:

DIIS. DEABVS PENATIBVS FAMILIARIBVS ET IOVI CETERISQVE DIIBVS,

ib. 2118.—Without di:

vos Penates patriique dii,

Cic. Sest. 20, 45:

Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penatis,

Verg. A. 1, 68; 5, 62:

impudens liqui patrios Penatis,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 49:

hostia Mollivit aversos Penates,

id. ib. 3, 23, 19:

iniqui,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15:

profugos posuistis Penates,

Ov. M. 3, 539; 9, 445; id. Tr. 1, 3, 45:

IVNIANI,

Inscr. Orell. 1587; cf.

, respecting the Penates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 68; Varr. and Nigid. ap. Arn. 3, 123; Macr. 3, 4; Serv. Verg. A. 2, 296 and 325.—

Transf., a dwelling, home, hearth (cf. Lares, II.):

Quintius a suis dis penatibus praeceps ejectus,

Cic. Quint. 26, 83; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

nostris succede penatibus hospes,

Verg. A. 8, 123:

ferro Libycos populare penates,

id. ib. 1, 527:

conducti penates,

Mart. 8, 75, 1:

sub uno tecto esse atque ad eosdem penates,

Liv. 28, 18.—Hence, poet., of the hearth:

flammis adolere penatis,

Verg. A. 1, 704.— Also, of the cells of bees, Verg. G. 4, 155; of the temple of a god, Stat. Th. 1, 643.