pertinent

affectātĭo (better adf-), ōnis, f. [adfecto], a striving after something (in a good or bad sense; for the most part only in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

philosophia sapientiae amor est et adfectatio,

Sen. Ep. 89:

magna caeli adfectatione compertum, i. e. perscrutatione,

investigation, Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82 (but Jan reads adsectatio):

decoris,

id. 11, 37, 56, § 154: Nervii circa adfectationem Germanicae originis ( in the endeavor to pass for Germans), ultro ambitiosi sunt, Tac. G. 28:

imperii,

aspiring to the empire, Suet. Tit. 9.—

Esp., in rhetoric, a striving to give a certain character or quality to discourse without possessing the ability to do it, also an inordinate desire to say something striking, affectation, conceit:

(ad malam adfectationem) pertinent, quae in oratione sunt tumida, exsilia, praedulcia, abundantia, arcessita, exsultantia,

Quint. 8, 3, 56:

nihil est odiosius adfectatione,

id. 1, 6, 11; 8, 3, 27; 9, 3, 54; 10, 1, 82; Suet. Gram. 10; id. Tib. 70.

affectātĭo (better adf-), ōnis, f. [adfecto], a striving after something (in a good or bad sense; for the most part only in post-Aug. prose).

In gen.:

philosophia sapientiae amor est et adfectatio,

Sen. Ep. 89:

magna caeli adfectatione compertum, i. e. perscrutatione,

investigation, Plin. 2, 20, 18, § 82 (but Jan reads adsectatio):

decoris,

id. 11, 37, 56, § 154: Nervii circa adfectationem Germanicae originis ( in the endeavor to pass for Germans), ultro ambitiosi sunt, Tac. G. 28:

imperii,

aspiring to the empire, Suet. Tit. 9.—

Esp., in rhetoric, a striving to give a certain character or quality to discourse without possessing the ability to do it, also an inordinate desire to say something striking, affectation, conceit:

(ad malam adfectationem) pertinent, quae in oratione sunt tumida, exsilia, praedulcia, abundantia, arcessita, exsultantia,

Quint. 8, 3, 56:

nihil est odiosius adfectatione,

id. 1, 6, 11; 8, 3, 27; 9, 3, 54; 10, 1, 82; Suet. Gram. 10; id. Tib. 70.

dis-pertĭo (in many MSS. also dis-partio, Liv. 3, 10, 9; Nep. Eum. 2), īvi or ii, ītum, 4 ( arch. inf. pass.:

dispertirier,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 26), v. a. [partio], to distribute, divide (class.).

Lit.:

dispertiti viri, dispertiti ordines,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 65:

funditores inter manipulos,

Sall. J. 49 fin.:

auxiliarios equites tribunis legionum in utrumque latus,

id. ib. 46, 7:

(conjuratos) municipiis,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

exercitum per oppida,

Liv. 29, 1 et saep.:

opsonium hic bifariam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 3; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 5:

secundam mensam servis,

Nep. Ages. 8, 4:

epulas trifariam, in jentacula et prandia, etc.,

Suet. Vit. 13:

pecuniam judicibus,

Cic. Clu. 25, 69: dispartiantur patris bona pari ter, Afran. Ap. Non. 374, 33:

portas et proxuma loca tribunis,

to assign as posts to be guarded, Sall. J. 59, 1 et saep.— Pass., with mid. Force:

Etiam dispertimini?

won't you part yet? Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 33.—

Trop. (mostly in Cic.): ea quae ad mortales pertinent, quadrifariam dispertierim, in homines, in loca, in tempora, in res, Varr. Ap. Non. 92, 16; cf. Cic. De Or. 1, 42, 190; 3, 29, 114; id. Brut. 44, 162: Romani homines, qui tempora voluptatis laborisque dispertiunt, id. Mur. 35 fin.:

cum aliquo dispertitum officium est in aliqua re,

id. Fam. 5, 2:

Ceres et Libera, a quibus initia vitae atque victus, hominibus et civitatibus data ac dispertita esse dicuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 72:

tot in curas dispertiti eorum animi erant,

Liv. 22, 7, 10.— Also deponent form, dis-pertion( - partior), īri:

jurisconsulti saepe quod positum est in una cognitione, id in infinita dispertiuntur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 47:

administrationem inter se,

Liv. 3, 10, 9.

dis-pertĭo (in many MSS. also dis-partio, Liv. 3, 10, 9; Nep. Eum. 2), īvi or ii, ītum, 4 ( arch. inf. pass.:

dispertirier,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 26), v. a. [partio], to distribute, divide (class.).

Lit.:

dispertiti viri, dispertiti ordines,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 65:

funditores inter manipulos,

Sall. J. 49 fin.:

auxiliarios equites tribunis legionum in utrumque latus,

id. ib. 46, 7:

(conjuratos) municipiis,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7:

exercitum per oppida,

Liv. 29, 1 et saep.:

opsonium hic bifariam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 3; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 5:

secundam mensam servis,

Nep. Ages. 8, 4:

epulas trifariam, in jentacula et prandia, etc.,

Suet. Vit. 13:

pecuniam judicibus,

Cic. Clu. 25, 69: dispartiantur patris bona pari ter, Afran. Ap. Non. 374, 33:

portas et proxuma loca tribunis,

to assign as posts to be guarded, Sall. J. 59, 1 et saep.— Pass., with mid. Force:

Etiam dispertimini?

won't you part yet? Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 33.—

Trop. (mostly in Cic.): ea quae ad mortales pertinent, quadrifariam dispertierim, in homines, in loca, in tempora, in res, Varr. Ap. Non. 92, 16; cf. Cic. De Or. 1, 42, 190; 3, 29, 114; id. Brut. 44, 162: Romani homines, qui tempora voluptatis laborisque dispertiunt, id. Mur. 35 fin.:

cum aliquo dispertitum officium est in aliqua re,

id. Fam. 5, 2:

Ceres et Libera, a quibus initia vitae atque victus, hominibus et civitatibus data ac dispertita esse dicuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 72:

tot in curas dispertiti eorum animi erant,

Liv. 22, 7, 10.— Also deponent form, dis-pertion( - partior), īri:

jurisconsulti saepe quod positum est in una cognitione, id in infinita dispertiuntur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 47:

administrationem inter se,

Liv. 3, 10, 9.

dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imp. duc;

but duce,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 18; id. Most. 1, 4, 11; id. Poen. 5, 4, 59; id. Rud. 2, 3, 55; id. Trin. 2, 2, 103; id. Truc. 2, 5, 26.— Perf. sync.: duxti, Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Cat. 91, 9; Prop. 1, 3, 27), v. a. [cf. Goth. tiuh-an; O. H. Germ. zieh-an, to draw; Germ. -zog, in Herzog, commander, duke], to lead, conduct, draw, bring forward, in all senses; very freq. passing over into the signif. of the compounds abducere, deducere, adducere, producere, etc., and of the synonyms agere, trahere, movere, etc. (very freq.).

Lit.

In gen.:

quo sequar? quo ducis nunc me?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 2: duc hos intro, id. Am. 2, 2, 224; id. Aul. 2, 6, 13:

duc ac demonstra mihi,

id. Cist. 2, 3, 36:

suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10 fin.; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 5 fin. et saep.:

(difficile iter) vix qua singuli carri ducerentur,

id. ib. 1, 6, 1; cf.

plaustra,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 34: aquam ducere, Cato ap. Charis. p. 192 P.; so,

aquam per fundum ejus,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 4:

spiritum naribus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 5: so,

spiritum per siccas fauces,

Sen. Ben. 3, 8; cf.:

aërem spiritu,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6 fin.:

animam spiritu,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; and in gen.: spiritum, for to live, id. Fam. 10, 1; cf.:

vitam et spiritum,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:

tura naribus,

to inhale, Hor. C. 4, 1, 22:

sucos nectaris,

to drink in full draughts, to quaff, id. ib. 3, 3, 34; cf.

pocula,

id. ib. 1, 17, 22; and:

Liberum,

id. ib. 4, 12, 14.— Poet.:

jucunda oblivia vitae (referring to the waters of Lethe),

Hor. S. 2, 6, 62 (cf. Verg. A. 6, 714 sq.) et saep.:

mucronem,

to draw from the scabbard, Verg. A. 12, 378; cf.:

ferrum vaginā,

Ov. F. 4, 929:

ensem vagina,

Sil. 8, 342;

but: ensem duxerat faber,

had beaten out, forged, Tib. 1, 3, 48:

sortem,

Cic. Div. 2, 33; Verg. A. 6, 22;

hence, also transf. of that which is drawn by lot,

Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34; id. Rep. 1, 34; Suet. Caes. 12; Tac. A. 1, 54; 3, 28 al.:

pondus aratri,

to draw, Ov. M. 7, 119:

remos,

to row, id. ib. 1, 294; cf. id. ib. 4, 353:

numerosa brachia,

in dancing, id. Am. 2, 4, 29:

lanas,

to spin, id. ib. 4, 34; cf.

stamina,

id. ib. 4, 221:

ubera,

to milk, id. ib. 9, 358:

frena manu,

to guide, govern, id. ib. 15, 518: vela, to haul (= navigare), Prop. 1, 6, 2:

manus, of swimming,

id. 3, 20, 2:

ilia,

to draw the flanks together, become broken-winded, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9:

os,

to draw awry, to make wry faces, Cic. Or. 25 fin.; Quint. 9, 3, 101; cf.

vultum,

Ov. M. 2, 774; id. P. 4, 8, 13; Mart. 1, 41 et saep.:

non equus impiger Curru ducet Achaico Victorem,

to draw along, Hor. C. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 1, 93.— Absol.:

sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere,

to take to one's self, appropriate, Sall. J. 41, 5.—

Esp.

To lead, conduct, as a way or road:

via ducit (te), in urbem?

Verg. E. 9, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 7, 5; Verg. A. 1, 401; Ov. F. 2, 679:

Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat an Appi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 20:

via ad undas,

Ov. M. 3, 602:

via ad infernas sedes,

id. ib. 4, 433; cf.:

iter ad urbem,

id. ib. 437; Curt. 3, 28, 19; Sen. Prov. 6, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 1; Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 111; Quint. 5, 9, 14; Liv. 5, 40, 8 al.—

Se, in colloq. lang., to betake one's self, go:

jam me ad regem recta ducam,

Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 8, 8; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 11; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 7: Balbus duxit se a Gadibus, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 1.—

A legal t. t., to take, lead away, drag, carry off a person before court, to prison, to punishment, etc.: POST. DEINDE. MANVS. INIECTIO. ESTO. IN. IVS. DVCITO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; so,

in jus,

Liv. 2, 27:

illos duci in carcerem jubent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30:

aliquem in carcerem,

Suet. Caes. 20:

in vincula,

id. ib. 79:

ad mortem,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Phoc. 4, 3; and absol.:

ducite, ubi capiat, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 65; Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 14; Suet. Calig. 27; Plin. Ep. 10, 97, 3 al.: NI. IVDICATVM. FACIT. AVT. QVIS. ENDO. EM. IVRE. VINDICIT. SECVM. DVCITO. VINCITO, etc., XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45:

decreta ejus modi: SI PETIT DUCAS. C. Fuficium duci jussit petitorem,

to be imprisoned, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31; so of a debtor (addictus) who is led off as a slave, Novat. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255; Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Fl. 20 fin.; Liv. 6, 14 sq.; cf. id. 2, 23 med.; cf.

prov.: stultitiast venatum ducere invitas canes,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83. —

Uxorem, to lead a wife home, i. e. to marry:

bona uxor si ea deducta est, etc.... Verum egon eam ducam domum, Quae, etc.?

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 91:

uxorem domum,

id. Aul. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 68:

filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9, 3; cf. Liv. 4, 4:

eum uxorem ducturum esse aliam,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 105:

uxorem (or aliquam, filiam alicujus, etc.),

id. Aul. 2, 1, 48; id. Cas. prol. 69 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 128; 2, 1, 21 et saep.; Cic. Sest. 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4; id. B. C. 3, 110, 2; Verg. E. 8, 29; Vulg. Marc. 10, 11 et saep.— Absol.:

si tu negaris ducere,

Ter. And. 2, 3, 5; 2, 3, 9; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 76; Liv. 4, 4 al.: jugum ducere cum infidelibus, i. e. to be yoked in marriage, Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 14.—Rarely for nubere: si ignorans statum Erotis ut liberum duxisti, isque postea servus est judicatus, etc., Imp. Antonin. ap. Cod. Just. 5, 18, 3.—In the comic poets, of taking home prostitutes, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 35; 4, 2, 44; id. Men. 1, 2, 15; id. Stich. 5, 4, 48; id. Truc. 3, 2, 10 et saep.—

In milit. lang.

Said of a commander, to lead, to cause to move, to march his army in any direction:

locis apertis exercitum ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 64 fin.; 1, 68, 1:

exercitum ab Allobrogibus in Segusianos,

id. B. G. 1, 10 fin.:

exercitum in fines Suessionum,

id. ib. 2, 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 38, 3;

5, 18, 1: exercitum (legiones, etc.) in Bellovacos,

id. ib. 2, 13, 1; 5, 24, 2 et saep.; cf. Tac. A. 2, 57:

cohortes ad eam partem munitionum, quae, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 3, 62, 2:

exercitum Uticam,

id. ib. 2, 26, 1:

reliquas copias contra Labienum,

id. B. G. 7, 61 fin. et saep.—In pass., of the soldiers, to march, move:

quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 2.—And in act., absol., of the general himself, to march, move (a favorite expression of Liv.;

not in Caes. or Sall.): (Mettus) ducit, quam proxime ad hostem potest,

Liv. 1, 23; 1, 27; 9, 35; 22, 18 et saep.—Hence,

In gen., to lead, command an army or (more freq.) a division:

qua in legatione duxit exercitum,

Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so,

exercitum,

Nep. Eum. 13, 1; id. Epam. 7, 3:

qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 6; 6, 38, 1; id. B. C. 3, 91, 1:

ordinem,

id. ib. 1, 13, 4; 3, 104, 3; Suet. Vesp. 1:

partem exercitūs,

Sall. J. 55, 4 et saep.—Rarely, to lead a division in front, in advance:

consuetudine sua Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat: post eas... inde, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 2; hence also, to march in front, take the lead, said of the division that forms the van:

pars equitum et auxiliariae cohortes ducebant, mox prima legio, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 51; cf. id. ib. 1, 64 fin. —

Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, to lead, to be leader, head, chief, first in any thing:

accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5 fin. Manut.; so,

familiam,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 30; id. Fin. 4, 16, 45:

ordines,

id. Phil. 1, 8, 20:

classem (discipulorum),

Quint. 1, 2, 24 Spald.:

funus,

Hor. Epod. 8, 12:

toros,

Ov. F. 6, 668 et saep.—

To conduct as prisoners in a triumph:

per triumphum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 67:

in triumpho,

Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 139, v. triumphus.—

With the accessory idea of creation, formation, to produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, dispose (cf.:

struo, pono, condo, fundo): parietem per vestibulum alicujus,

to erect, Cic. Mil. 27 fin.; cf.

muros,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 23:

vallum ex castris ad aquam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 73, 2:

fossam,

id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; 7, 73, 2:

arcum,

Ov. M. 3, 160:

lateres de terra,

Vitr. 2, 3:

vivos vultus de marmore (with excudere spirantia aera),

Verg. A. 6, 849; cf. id. ib. 7, 634; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240; Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125; Quint. 10, 3, 18 Spald.; Juv. 7, 237; hence, poet. also:

epos,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 44:

carmen,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 18; 3, 14, 32:

versus,

id. ib. 5, 12, 63 et saep.:

liniam ex colore,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 81; Quint. 2, 6, 2; cf.

orbem,

id. 11, 3, 118:

alvum,

to bring forth by clysters, Cels. 2, 12; 4, 4 et saep.: alapam alicui, qs. to fetch one a box on the ear, Phaedr. 5, 3, 2; cf.

colaphum,

Quint. 6, 3, 83 Spald.:

pugnum,

Dig. 47, 10, 4 et saep.;

so esp. of processions, dances, etc.: funus,

Cic. Quint. 15 fin.; Ov. M. 14, 746; Verg. G. 4, 256; cf.

exsequias,

Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 154:

pompam,

Ov. H. 12, 152; id. F. 6, 405; id. M. 13, 699:

choros,

Tib. 2, 1, 56; Hor. C. 1, 4, 5; 4, 7, 6 et saep.; cf.

choreas,

Ov. M. 8, 582; 14, 520.—

To receive, admit, take any thing (not ante-Aug.):

cicatricem,

Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 66; Liv. 29, 32, 12:

rimam,

Ov. M. 4, 65:

situm,

to grow rusty, Quint. 1, 2, 18:

formam,

Ov. M. 1, 402:

colorem,

id. ib. 3, 485; cf.

pallorem,

to grow pale, id. ib. 8, 760:

nomina,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 76:

notam,

id. ib. 4, 2, 59 et saep.

Trop.

In gen., to lead, guide, draw, conduct:

progredimur quo ducit quemque voluntas,

Lucr. 2, 258; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 27; 1, 6, 57:

ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam,

id. ib. 1, 2, 31:

Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus,

id. C. 4, 8, 34; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 26:

per quaedam parva sane ducant (futurum oratorem),

id. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 1, 1, 27; 1, 5, 58.—Prov.:

ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt,

Sen. Ep. 107.—

In partic.

To draw, deduce, [p. 616] derive its origin or beginning from, any thing:

ab aliqua re totius vitae ducere exordium,

Cic. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

exordium a nostra persona,

Quint. 3, 8, 8; 4, 1, 7:

principium disputationis a principe investigandae veritatis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 21 fin.:

belli initium a fame,

id. Att. 9, 9, 2; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 21:

initia causasque omnium ex quatuor temporum mutationibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

originem ab Isocrate,

Quint. 2, 15, 4; 1, 6, 38; Hor. C. 3, 17, 5 al.:

ingressionem non ex oratoriis disputationibus, sed, etc.,

Cic. Or. 3, 11:

honestum ab iis rebus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Or. 39, 135:

nomen ex quo,

id. Ac. 11, 41; cf.:

nomen a Graeco,

Quint. 1, 6, 3; 3, 7, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 66 et saep.; cf.

also: utrumque (sc. amor et amicitia) ductum (al. dictum) est ab amando,

Cic. Lael. 27; id. Fin. 2, 24, 78.—

To lead a person, as regards his will or opinions, in any direction; to move, incite, induce, allure, in a good or bad sense (most freq. in the pass.):

ita me ad credendum tua ducit oratio,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 18:

nos ducit scholarum consuetudo,

Quint. 4, 2, 28; 5, 11, 19; cf. id. 9, 1, 21:

ducit te species,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 35 et saep.:

declamatores quosdam perversa ducit ambitio, ut, etc.,

Quint. 10, 7, 21.—In the pass.:

si quis statuarum honore aut gloria ducitur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58 fin.:

eloquentiae laude,

id. Or. 32, 115:

quaestu et lucro,

id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9:

hoc errore ut, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 41; cf.:

litteris eorum et urbanitate, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120:

omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 6 et saep.—

In a bad sense, to cheat, deceive, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 26; id. Capt. 4, 2, 7; Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Ph. 3, 2, 15; Prop. 2, 17, 1 (3, 8, 1 M.); Ov. H. 19, 13; id. M. 3, 587 (with decipere).—

With regard to time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38, 4; id. B. C. 2, 18, 6; 2, 37, 5 sq.; Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 22, 25 et saep.; cf.:

bellum longius,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64, 2; 3, 42, 3:

bellum in hiemem,

id. ib. 1, 61, 3:

eam rem longius,

id. B. G. 7, 11, 4; cf.:

rem prope in noctem,

id. B. C. 3, 51, 7:

rem leniter,

Liv. 3, 41 et saep. Also transf., of time itself:

tempus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; Nep. Them. 7:

diem ex die,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 4; and of persons who are put off, delayed:

ubi se diutius duci intellexit,

id. ib. 1, 16, 5.—Less freq. (mostly poet.),

In gen., of time, to pass, spend, enjoy:

aetatem in litteris,

Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; so,

aetatem,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 202:

vitam,

id. Epod. 17, 63; Sen. Ep. 45, 10; cf. Verg. A. 2, 641 (where, shortly before, vitam producere):

noctes,

Prop. 1, 11, 5; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13:

somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 560.—

In mercant. lang., to calculate, compute, reckon: age nunc summam sumptus duc, Lucil. ap. Non. 283, 30:

minimum ut sequamur, quoniam XC. medimnūm milia duximus, accedant eo, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 49; id. Att. 6, 1, 5 and 16; 6, 2, 7; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11; Gell. 1, 20, 5.—

Transf. beyond the mercant. sphere.

Rationem alicujus, to consider, calculate, care for one's advantage or interest (a favorite expression of Cicero):

duxi meam rationem, quam tibi facile me probaturum arbitrabar,

Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, § 7; so,

suam quoque rationem,

to have respect to one's own advantage, id. Verr. 2, 1, 48; and:

non minorem aratorum quam populi rationem,

Suet. Aug. 42 fin.:

salutis meae rationem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

rationem officii, non commodi,

id. Sest. 10, 23; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:

unius cujusque temporis ducta ratio est,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 16:

rationem officii atque existimationis,

id. Quint. 16, 53.—

In gen., to reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem as any thing (cf. aestimo and existimo;

very freq. in prose and poetry): parvi id ducebat,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

pro nihilo aliquid,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 85; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 16 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 90; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

ea pro falsis ducit,

Sall. C. 3, 2; cf.:

innocentiam pro malevolentia,

id. ib. 12, 1:

vos eritis judices, Laudin' an vitio duci id factum oportuit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 5; so,

aliquid honori,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

aliquid laudi, Nep. praef. § 4: aliquem despicatui,

Cic. Fl. 27, 65: nihil praeter virtutem in bonis ducere (for which, shortly after, in bonis habere = numerare), Cic. Fin. 3, 3;

aliquem in numero hostium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1; cf. ib. 6, 23, 8; without in, ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.:

aliquem loco affinium,

Sall. J. 14, 1 Kritz. N. cr.: aliquid testimonii loco, Quint. 5, 9, 10:

tutelae nostrae duximus, cum Africo bello urgerentur,

Liv. 21, 41; cf.:

officii duxit exorare filiae patrem, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 11:

faceret, quod e republica fideque sua duceret,

id. ib. 25, 7 et saep.:

malum cum amici tuum ducis malum,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 48; cf.:

Archytas iracundiam seditionem quandam animi vere ducebat,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38:

eorum, quos idoneos ducebat, consilium habet,

Sall. J. 62, 4:

nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi ducunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.— With acc. and inf.:

sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum,

Verg. A. 6, 690:

ut omnia tua in te posita esse ducas humanosque casus virtute inferiores putes,

Cic. Lael. 2, 7, 19 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17; 1, 38; 3, 9 (three times); Sall. J. 93, 5; Liv. 22, 14, 6; 22, 59, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 2; 4, 30, 2; 6, 18 et saep.—Here too probably belongs the much disputed passage: ludos et inania honoris medio rationis atque abundantiae duxit (= ludos publicos cum aliis rebus quae ad inania honoris pertinent, duxit, i. e. existimavit habendos et ponendos in medio rationis atque abundantiae, ut inter rationem, quae plane spernit inania, et abundantiam, quae eadem ostentat, media via incederet), he thought right to manage them in a middle course between reason and profusion, Tac. Agr. 6 fin., v. Dübner and Orell. ad h. l.

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

In space.

Prop.:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

id. ib. 2, 19:

visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

Tib. 1, 1, 38:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—

In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

picis e caelo demissum flumen,

Lucr. 6, 257:

equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

e curru trahitur,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

e curru desilit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—

In an upward direction, from, above:

collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

globum terrae eminentem e mari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

Liv. 6, 2.—

Transf.

To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

quod erat ex eodem municipio,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

Philocrates ex Alide,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

ex Aethiopia ancillula,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

negotiator ex Africa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

Epicurei e Graecia,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

ex India elephanti,

Liv. 35, 32:

civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

meretrix e proxumo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

ex spelunca saxum,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

saxum ex capitolio,

Liv. 35, 21, 6:

ex equo cadere,

Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—

To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

a summo caelo despicere,

Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

de vertice montis despicere,

id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

Suet. Tib. 33:

ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

ex vinculis causam dicere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

also: ex fuga,

during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.

In time.

From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

ex consulatu,

Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

ex praetura,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

ex dictatura,

Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

ex eo magistratu,

Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

statim e somno lavantur,

id. G. 22:

tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

mulier ex partu si, etc.,

Cels. 2, 8:

ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

ex quo obses Romae fuit,

since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—

With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

for the passage,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

Capitol. Gord. 22:

duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

id. ib.:

mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

Amm. 14, 7, 9:

Serenianus ex duce,

id. 14, 7, 7:

INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—

From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 1:

ex aeterno tempore,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

ex hoc die,

id. Rep. 1, 16:

motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

ex ea die ad hanc diem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

id. H. 1, 29:

sextus mensis est, ex quo,

Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

ex eo,

Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

ex illo,

Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—

Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

id. Verr. 1, 10:

ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

id. Att. 5, 21, 9.

In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

agro ex hoste capto,

Liv. 41, 14, 3:

cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

ex populo Romano bona accipere,

Sall. J. 102:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

quaesierat ex me Scipio,

id. ib. 1, 13:

ex te requirunt,

id. ib. 2, 38:

de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

vocare,

Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—

In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

e vectoribus sorte ductus,

id. Rep. 1, 34:

ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

id. Rab. Post. 17:

homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

unus ex illis decemviris,

id. ib. 2, 37:

ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

aliquis ex vobis,

id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

reliquum, argentum,

this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

id. Rep. 2, 36:

virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

Flor. 1, 13, 12:

alia ex hoc quaestu,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

Tac. G. 29:

acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—

Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

Cels. 4, 20:

ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —

To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

fenestrae e viminibus factae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

statua ex aere facta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

id. Div. 1, 24:

substramen e palea,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

monilia e gemmis,

Suet. Calig. 56:

farina ex faba,

Cels. 5, 28:

potiones ex absinthio,

id. ib. et saep.:

Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—

To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

Cels. 3, 23:

aqua ex lauro decocta,

id. 4, 2; cf.:

farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

Cels. 4, 4:

nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

bacae e viridi rubentes,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

id. ib. §

132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

e viridi pallens,

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

apes ex aureolo variae,

Col. 9, 3, 2:

sucus ex austero dulcis,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

ex dulci acre,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

Cic. Clu. 26.—

To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

ex vulnere aeger,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

ex renibus laborare,

id. Tusc. 2, 25:

ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

Liv. 25, 26:

ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

Quint. 8, 33, 66:

gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

ex se nati,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

ex quodam conceptus,

id. ib. 2, 21:

ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

id. ib. et saep.:

ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

Sall. J. 48, 2:

veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

Liv. 2, 50:

ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

id. ib. 6, 10:

quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 1:

ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 46:

ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43:

e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

Flor. 4, 10, 8:

ex nausea vomitus,

Cels. 4, 5:

ex hac clade atrox ira,

Liv. 2, 51, 6:

metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

ex legato timor,

id. Agr. 16 et saep.—

In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

id. 1, 7, 1:

nomen ex vitio positum,

Ov. F. 2, 601:

quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

e nomine (nominibus),

id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—

To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

Lucr. 1, 186:

dii ex hominibus facti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. ib. 1, 45:

nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17; cf.:

ex exsule consul,

id. Manil. 4, 46:

ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

ex alto sapore excitati,

Curt. 7, 11, 18.—

Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

e (not ex) re publica,

id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

exque re publica,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

non ex usu nostro est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

ex utilitate,

Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

ex nullius injuria,

Liv. 45, 44, 11.—

To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

ex senatus sententia,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

ex collegii sententia,

Liv. 4, 53:

ex amicorum sententia,

id. 40, 29:

ex consilii sententia,

id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

ex senatus consulto,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

ex edicto, ex decreto,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

ex lege,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

ex foedere,

Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

ex more,

Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

ex consuetudine,

Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

ex sua libidine moderantur,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

attingit etiam bellicam,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—

To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

2, 791:

terris ex,

id. 6, 788:

quibus e sumus uniter apti,

id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

que sacra quercu,

Verg. E. 7, 13.

In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—

Signification.

Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—

Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

fētus ( foet-), a, um, adj. [Part., from ‡ FEO, whence also: fecundus, femina, fenus, felix], that is or was filled with young (syn.: gravidus, praegnans).

Pregnant, breeding (mostly poet.).

Lit.:

lenta salix feto pecori,

Verg. E. 3, 83; 1, 50:

vulpes,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5.—

Transf.

Of land, fruitful, productive:

(terra) feta parit nitidas fruges, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 994; cf.: terra feta frugibus et vario leguminum genere, * Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 156:

loca palustribus ulvis,

Ov. M. 14, 103:

regio nec pomo nec uvis,

id. P. 1, 7, 13; id. F. 1, 662.—Also of plants:

palmites,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

In gen., filled with any thing, full:

machina armis,

Verg. A. 2, 238:

loca furentibus austris,

id. ib. 1, 51:

colla serpentis veneno,

Sil. 17, 448.—

Trop., full of. —With abl.:

feta furore Megaera,

Sil. 13, 592:

praecordia bello,

id. 17, 380:

praecordia irā,

id. 11, 203. —With gen.:

fetas novales Martis,

Claud. Bell. Get. 25;

and in a Gr. construction: fetus Gradivo mentem,

id. 10, 14.—

That has brought forth, newly delivered: veniebant fetam amicae gratulatum, Varr. ap. Non. 312, 12:

agiles et fetae (opp. tardiores et gravidae),

Col. 7, 3 fin.:

ursa,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

lupa,

Verg. A. 8, 630:

ovis,

id. E. 1, 50; Ov. F. 2, 413:

qua feta jacebat uxor et infantes ludebant,

Juv. 14, 167.— Absol.:

insueta gravis temptabunt pabula fetas,

Verg. E. 1, 49.

fētus ( foet-), ūs ( heteroclit. abl. plur.: fetis, Att. ap. Non. 489, 6, v. in the foll.), m. [‡ feo, v. the preced. art.]..

Abstr., a bringing forth, bearing, dropping, hatching of young (rare but class.):

pater (Juppiter) curavit, uno ut fetu fieret,

at one birth, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 25:

quarum (bestiarum) in fetu et in educatione laborem cum cernimus,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

cornix inauspicatissima fetus tempore,

Plin. 10, 12, 14, § 30:

secundi fetus pecudes signari oportet,

Col. 11, 2, 38.—

Transf., of plants, a bearing, producing:

quae frugibus atque bacis terrae fetu profunduntur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 25:

periti rerum adseverant, non ferre (Arabiam) tantum annuo fetu (casiae), quantum, etc.,

Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 83. —

Concr., young, offspring, progeny, brood (the predom. signif. of the word, in sing. and plur.; esp. freq. in poets; cf.:

catulus, pullus, hinnus, hinnuleus): quae (bestiae) multiplices fetus procreant, ut sues, ut canes, his mammarum data est multitudo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128:

facile illa (piscium ova) aqua et sustinentur et fetum fundunt,

id. ib.:

fetus ventri exsecti,

Plin. 8, 55, 81, § 217:

cervae lactens fetus,

a fawn, Ov. M. 6, 637:

melliferarum apium,

id. ib. 15, 382:

ex die emptionis, et fetus pecorum et ancillarum partus ad emptorem pertinent,

Paul. Sent. 2, 17, 7:

quis (paveat), Germania quos horrida parturit Fetus?

the German brood, Hor. C. 4, 5, 27.—So very rarely of human beings:

si vitium factum esset, ut (mulier) concipere fetus non posset,

Gell. 4, 2, 10.—

Transf., of plants, fruit, produce:

ager novatus et iteratus, quo meliores fetus possit et grandiores edere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131; cf.:

nutriant fetus et aquae salubres Et Jovis aurae,

Hor. Carm. Sec. 31:

(arbores) crescunt ipsae fetuque gravantur,

Lucr. 1, 253; cf. id. 1, 351: Cithaeron frondet viridantibus fetis, Att. ap. Non. 489, 6:

arborei,

Verg. G. 1, 55:

mutatis requiescunt fetibus arva,

id. ib. 1, 82;

4, 231: silvae dant alios aliae fetus,

id. ib. 2, 442:

triticei,

Ov. F. 1, 693: gravidi ( of grapes), id. M. 8, 294:

nucis, i. e. surculus, auricomi,

the golden-bough, id. Am. 6, 141; Verg. G. 2, 69:

omnis fetus repressus exustusque flos,

Cic. Brut. 4, 16.—Of veins of metals:

atros fetus chalybis,

Sil. 1, 230.—

Trop.:

nec ulla aetate uberior oratorum fetus fuit,

progeny, growth, Cic. Brut. 49, 182:

animi,

production, id. Tusc. 5, 24, 68:

dulces Musarum expromere fetus,

Cat. 65, 3.

frĕquens, entis, adj. [root phrak-, phrassô, to enclose, make close; Lat. farcio, fartilis, etc.; cf. Germ. Berg, Burg], that takes place repeatedly, often, or frequently, often, frequent (class.; syn.: celeber, creber).

Lit.

Of persons, that is often at a place, or that often does a thing, regular, constant, repeated (syn.:

assiduus, creber, multus): erat ille Romae frequens, in foro et in ore omnium cottidie versabatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

quibuscum si frequentes sunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 80.— Comp.:

quod filium frequentiorem prope cum illis quam secum cernebat,

Liv. 39, 53, 11:

Demosthenes frequens fuit Platonis auditor,

an assiduous hearer, Cic. Or. 4, 45:

nos autem in hoc genere (orationis) frequentes,

id. ib. 50, 167:

sed in utroque frequentiores sunt poëtae,

id. ib. 60, 202; cf.

spectator,

Quint. 10, 5, 19:

conviva,

Mart. 9, 98, 10:

frequentem ad signa esse,

Liv. 3, 24, 5:

adesse senatui,

Tac. A. 4, 55; so with dat.:

contionibus,

id. H. 4, 69 fin.:

secretis,

id. A. 4, 3:

in ore frequens posteritatis eris,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 34:

frequens te audivi atque affui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 243.— Poet. with inf.:

hic hominum casus lenire et demere fatis Jura frequens,

Stat. Th. 7, 706.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things, repeated, often, frequent, common, usual:

mihi frequentem operam dedistis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 7:

(senectus) caret epulis exstructisque mensis et frequentibus poculis,

Cic. de Sen. 13, 44:

frequentiores (lactucae) in cibo,

Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 68:

frequentes litterae,

Suet. Tib. 11:

edicta,

id. Ner. 41:

iambus et trochaeus frequens,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 182; cf.:

(verbum igitur) cum apud alios sit etiam frequens, apud alios numquam reperiatur,

Quint. 1, 5, 39:

opera (= assidua),

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 7; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 99: frequentiora latrocinia, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 1:

familiaritas,

Nep. Att. 19 fin.:

honores,

id. Phoc. 1:

comparationis usus,

Quint. 8, 6, 14:

frequentior usus anulorum,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 17; cf.:

nec fuit alia gemma apud antiquos usu frequentior,

id. 37, 7, 31, § 106:

frequentior fama,

Liv. 2, 32, 3: sententia, held or adopted by many, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 6:

frequens apud Graecos adagium,

Gell. 1, 8, 4; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 37:

id frequentius est, quam ut exemplis confirmandum sit,

id. 4, 1, 75; 9, 2, 53:

esse videatur, jam nimis frequens, octonarium incohat,

id. 9, 4, 73.— With a subject-clause:

erat adhuc frequens senatoribus, si quid, etc....loco sententiae promere, = usitatum,

Tac. A. 2, 33:

parere ergo exceptionem rei judicatae, frequens est,

Dig. 44, 2, 6.

Transf., of a multitude, assembled in great numbers, full, crowded, numerous:

videt multos equites Romanos, frequentes praeterea cives atque socios,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

refert etiam, qui audiant, frequentes an pauci an singuli,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

major frequentiorque legatio,

Liv. 5, 5, 10:

senatus fuit frequentior quam, etc.... frequentes fuimus, omnino ad ducentos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

senatus frequens convenit,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3; cf.:

senatus frequens vocatu Drusi in curiam venit,

id. de Or. 3, 1, 2; Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 111; cf.

also: frequentissimo senatu,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99:

ad frequentiores consultatio dilata,

Liv. 35, 7, 1:

legem populi frequentis suffragiis abrogare,

Cic. Brut. 62, 222:

mane Germani frequentes ad eum in castra venerunt,

in great numbers, Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 4; cf.:

eodem conveniunt undique frequentes,

id. ib. 7, 63, 6; id. B. C. 1, 13, 1:

frequenti consessu,

Suet. Aug. 44:

convivio frequenti,

id. Caes. 31; id. Tib. 61:

frequenti auditorio,

id. Claud. 41:

equites Romani, qui frequentissimi in gradibus Concordiae steterunt,

Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21:

huc postero die quam frequentissimi conveniunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11, 5:

frequens ibi hic piscis,

Plin. 9, 59, 85, § 180: huc frequens Caementa demittit redemptor Cum famulis ( poet. for famulis frequentibus), Hor. C. 3, 1, 34.—

Of places filled with a multitude, filled, full, crowded, populous, much frequented, well stocked (syn.: plenus, abundans).— Constr. absol., with abl., and in Tac. also [p. 780] with gen.

Absol.:

frequentissimum theatrum,

Cic. Div. 1, 28 fin.:

sic ut nulla (praefectura) tota Italia frequentior dici possit,

more populous, id. Planc. 8, 21:

ei processit, ut est frequens municipium magna multitudo,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

Numidia,

Sall. J. 78 fin.:

celebre et frequens emporium,

much frequented, Liv. 38, 18, 11:

via,

Ov. A. A. 1, 585; cf.

compita,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 26:

ludi,

id. Carm. Sec. 22; cf.

pompa,

Ov. A. A. 1, 147.—

With abl. (since the Aug. per.):

cum situm moeniaque et frequentem tectis urbem vidissent,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

loca aedificiis,

id. 31, 23, 5:

Aegyptus multis (urbibus),

Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 60:

terra colubris,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

Sinuessa niveis columbis,

id. ib. 15, 715:

silva trabibus,

id. ib. 8, 328; cf.:

locus piceis ilicibusque,

id. H. 16, 54:

nemus agrestium pavonum multitudine frequens,

Curt. 9, 2, 13:

Nilus feris et beluis,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53:

amnis vorticibus,

Ov. M. 9, 106:

vivarium piscibus,

Col. 8, 16, 4:

pharetra telis Lernaeis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1233.— Comp.:

utra pars frequentior vicis esset,

Liv. 35, 11, 5.—

With gen.:

quod talis silvae frequens fecundusque erat (mons),

Tac. A. 4, 65.—Hence, adv.: frĕ-quenter.

(Acc. to I.) Often, frequently (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

ut frequenter et assidue consequamur artis rationem studio et exercitatione,

Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69:

ad aliquem frequenter ventitare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9 (Moser, frequentes); cf.:

gratior (erat) Alexandro frequenter in officinam ventitanti,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 85:

praecipue quidem apud Ciceronem, frequenter tamen apud Asinium,

Quint. 1, 8, 11:

frequenter in his etiam conjecturae locus est, nonnumquam tractatur aliqua finitio: aliquando etiam legales possunt incidere tractatus,

id. 3, 8, 4:

habet usum talis allegoriae frequenter oratio, sed raro totius,

id. 8, 6, 47:

continuo aut certe nimium frequenter,

id. 9, 1, 11;

opp. semper,

id. 12, 1, 3; v. infra.— Comp.:

quod et M. Cicero scripto ad Brutum libro frequentius testatur,

Quint. 1, 10, 4:

haec ad conjecturam frequentius pertinent, sed interim ad jus quoque,

id. 5, 10, 38:

ne plebs frumentationum causa frequentius a negotiis avocaretur,

Suet. Aug. 40:

non alias missi cecidere frequentius ignes,

Ov. F. 3, 287.— Sup.:

translatione frequentissime sermo omnis utitur,

Cic. Or. 24, 81:

non semper, etiamsi frequentissime, tuenda veritas erit,

Quint. 2, 17, 36; Suet. Aug. 43.—

(Acc. to II.) Numerously, in great numbers, by many (very rare):

huic frequenter interceditur,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 5:

Romam inde frequenter migratum est,

Liv. 1, 11, 4.

obscūrĭtas, ātis, f. [obscurus], a being dark, darkness, obscurity.

Lit. (perh. only post-Aug.):

latebrarum,

Tac. H. 3, 11:

atra,

Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:

visūs,

dimness, id. 23, 1, 20, § 35:

oculorum,

id. 37, 3, 12, § 51. —

Trop. (class.), obscurity, indistinctness, uncertainty:

ut oratio, quae lumen adhibere rebus debet, ea obscuritatem et tenebras afferat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 13, 50:

Pythagorae,

id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:

obscuritas fit etiam vet is ab usu remotis,

Quint. 8, 2, 12:

in eā obscuritate ac dubitatione omnium,

uncertainty, Cic. Clu. 27, 73:

rerum,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15:

naturae,

id. Div. 1, 18, 35.—In plur.:

quo pertinent obscuritates et aenigmata somniorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 64, 132: obscuritates non adsignemus culpae scribentium, sed inscientiae non adsequentium, Caecil. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 5:

obscuritatibus involutum,

Arn. 1, 38.—

Of rank, obscurity, lowliness, meanness: quorum prima aetas propter humilitatem et obscuritatem, in hominum ignoratione versatur. Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

sordes et obscuritatem Vitellianarum partium perstringemus,

Tac. H. 1, 84:

generis,

Flor. 3, 1, 13:

nec obscuritas inhibuit (Servium Tullium), quamvis matre servā creatum,

id. 1, 6, 1.

pars, partis ( gen. sing. PARTVS, Inscr. Corp. Lat. 197, 12; acc. partim, Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 94; Liv. 26, 46, 8; 31, 36, 9; 23, 11, 11; Sall. J. 89, 1; id. H. 2, 41, 1; v. infra fin.; abl. parti, Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 14; Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 5; Lucr. 1, 1113; 4, 515; nom. plur. parteis, Varr. L. L. 5, 4, 21; gen. plur. partum, Caes. ap. Charis. p. 114 P.), f. [root por; Gr. eporon, gave; peprôtai, is given, destined; Lat. portio; cf. parare], a part, piece, portion, share, etc.

In gen.:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

urbis, imperil,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 32, § 84:

duae partes frumenti,

id. ib. 2, 3, 19, §

48: magnas partes habuit publicorum,

id. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

dare partes amicis,

id. ib.:

Belgae pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

copias in quattuor partes distribuerat,

Sall. J. 101, 3:

locare agrum partibus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 37, 3:

pars occidentalis Jordanis,

the west side, Vulg. Jos. 23, 4.—

Magna, bona, multa, major, maxima pars, many, a good many, the majority:

magna pars in iis civitatibus,

Cic. Balb. 8, 21:

major pars populi,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 22:

maxima pars hominum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 121; cf.:

minor pars populi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 18:

multa pars mei,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 6.—

Pars, some, partitively (= partim):

faciunt pars hominum,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 13; id. Most. 1, 2, 33; id. Capt. 2, 1, 36: pars levem ducere equitum jacturam;

pars, etc.,

Liv. 22, 8; cf. id. 21, 7; 23; 20:

pars triumphos suos ostentantes,

Sall. J. 31, 10:

poscebantque pericula, pars virtute, multi ferocia et cupidine praemiorum,

Tac. H. 5, 11:

tergora deripiunt costis et viscera nudant: Pars in frusta secant,

Verg. A. 1, 212.—Rarely of a single person:

cum pars Niliacae plebis, cum verna Canopi, Crispinus ventilet, etc.,

Juv. 1, 26.—

Parte, in part, partly:

(poma) quae candida parte, Parte rubent,

Ov. M. 3, 483:

melichloros est geminus, parte flavus, parte melleus,

Plin. 37, 11, 73, § 191.—Esp., with magnā, maximā, etc.:

ab semisomnis ac maximā parte inermibus refringi,

Liv. 9, 24, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.:

invalido exercitu et magnā parte pestilentiā absumpto,

id. 24, 34, 14:

quod saxum magnā parte ita proclive est,

id. ib.; 41, 6, 6.—

Pro parte, for one's share or quota, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 145.—

Ex parte, in part, partly:

ex parte gaudeo,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9:

de decem viris sacrorum ex parte de plebe creandis,

Liv. 6, 42, 2.—Esp.,

Ex ullā, ex aliquā, ex magnā, ex maximā parte, in any, etc., degree, measure, etc.:

si ullā ex parte sententia hujus interdicti infirmata sit,

Cic. Caecin. 13, 38; id. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

ex magnā parte tibi assentior,

id. Att. 7, 3, 3:

aut omnino, aut magnā ex parte,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 1:

saucii ex magnā parte milites,

Liv. 21, 56, 8:

ne minimā quidem ex parte,

not in the slightest degree, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76.—

Multis partibus, by a great deal, much: omnibus partibus, in all respects, altogether:

non multis partibus malit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36:

quoniam numero multis partibus esset inferior,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84; 3, 80:

in Hortensii sententiam multis partibus plures ituros,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 2; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 3:

omnium virorum bonorum vitam omnibus partibus plus habere semper boni quam mali,

in all respects, every way, Cic. Fin. 5, 31, 91.—

In parte, in part, partly (cf. ex parte, supra):

in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior,

Quint. 5, 7, 22; 11, 2, 34:

in parte verum videtur,

id. 2, 8, 6; 4, 5, 13; 10, 7, 25.—

Pro meā, tuā, suā parte, or simply pro parte (for the stronger pro virili parte, v. virilis, II. 2.), for my, your, or his share, to the best of my, your, his, etc., ability:

quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,

Cic. Fam. 15, 15, 3:

pro meā parte adjuvi, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 9:

sciunt ii, qui me norunt, me pro illā tenui infirmāque parte id maxime defendisse, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

quisquis adest operi, plus quam pro parte laborat,

Ov. F. 4, 301.—Likewise,

In partem, i. q. pro parte, en merei, for one's share, to the best of one's ability:

quodsi pudica mulier in partem juvet Domum (i. e. quae ad eam proprie pertinet),

Hor. Epod. 2, 39 (for which:

age sis tuam partem nunc iam hunc delude,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 89 Fleck., where others read tu in partem).—

Acc. absol.: magnam, maximam partem, in great part, for the most part:

magnam partem ex iambis nostra constat oratio,

Cic. Or. 56, 189; Liv. 5, 14:

maximam partem ad arma trepidantes caedes oppressit,

id. 9, 37, 9:

maximam partem lacte atque pecore vivunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1.—So, bonam partem, Lucr. 6, 1249.—

In eam partem.

On that side:

in eam partem accipio,

i. e. in that sense, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 37:

in eam partem peccant, quae cautior est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56.—

On that account, with that intent, to the end that:

moveor his rebus omnibus, sed in eam partem, ut salvi sint vobiscum omnes,

Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3:

has litteras scripsi in eam partem, ne me motum putares,

id. Att. 16, 1, 6.—

In aliam partem, in the opposite direction:

antehac est habitus parcus... is nunc in aliam partem palmam possidet,

for the opposite quality Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 32.—

In utramque partem, on both sides, for and against, pro and con: nullam in partem, on neither side: in mitiorem, in optimam partem, in the most mild or most favorable manner, Cic. Att. 15, 23 init.:

magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem, vel secundas ad res, vel adversas,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

neutram in partem,

id. ib.:

neque ego ullam in partem disputo,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 6:

mitiorem in partem interpretari,

id. Mur. 31, 64:

in optimam partem aliquid accipere,

id. Att. 10, 3, 2; id. Fam. 14, 2, 3: in partem aliquem vocare, to call upon one to take his share, to summon to a division of any thing, id. Caecin. 4, 12.—

Nullā parte, by no means, not at all, Ov. H. 7, 110; Quint. 2, 16, 18.—

Omni parte, and omni a and ex parte, in every respect, entirely:

gens omni parte pacata,

Liv. 41, 34; Hor. S. 1, 2, 38:

quod sit omni ex parte... perfectum,

Cic. Lael. 21, 79:

omnique a parte placebam,

Ov. H. 15, 45.—

Per partes, partly, partially:

quod etsi per partes nonnumquam damnosum est, in summā tamen fit compendiosum,

Col. 1, 4, 5:

per partes emendare aliquid,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 10; Dig. 12, 1, 13.—

In omnes partes, in every respect, altogether:

Brundusii jacere in omnes partes est molestum,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 2; id. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 13, 1, 2.

In partic.

A party, faction, side, etc. (usu. in plur.; syn. factio).

Sing.:

timeo huic nostrae parti, quid hic respondeat,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 8:

cum non liceret mihi nullius partis esse,

Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 1:

a parte heredum intraverant duo,

Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 10:

nec ex advocatis partis adversae judex eligendus,

of the opposite party, Quint. 5, 6, 6; 7, 9, 14; 12, 9, 19 et saep.:

ut alius in aliam partem mente atque animo traheretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21.—Hence, esp.: ex alterā parte, on the other hand:

omnia ex alterā parte collocata,

Cic. Off. 3, 3, 11:

si videatis catenas, non minus profecto vos ea species moveat, quam si ex alterā parte cernatis, etc.,

Liv. 22, 59, 15:

idem ex alterā parte et ancilla fecit,

Petr. 18 fin.:

parvuli amplexi patrem tenebant. Ex alterā parte uxor maritum osculis fatigabat,

Just. 23, 2, 9; cf. Cic. Or. 32, 114.—

Plur. (class.;

esp. freq. in Tac.),

Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 47:

erat, inquit, illarum partium,

id. Quint. 21, 69:

in duas partes discedunt Numidae,

Sall. J. 13, 1:

ita omnia in duas partes abstracta sunt,

id. ib. 41, 5:

mihi a spe, metu, partibus rei publicae animus liber erat,

id. C. 4, 2:

ducere aliquem in partes,

Tac. A. 15, 51:

trahere,

id. ib. 4, 60:

transire in partes,

id. H. 1, 70. —

In plur., a part, character, on the stage: primas partes qui aget, is erit Phormio, [p. 1307] the first part, the principal character, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

cur partes seni Poëta dederit, quae sunt adulescentium,

a youthful part, id. Heaut. prol. 1; 10:

esse primarum, secundarum, aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 51:

servus primarum partium,

id. Fl. 27, 65.—

Transf. beyond the lang. of the theatre, a part, function, office, duty, etc.—In plur. (class.):

sine illum priores partes hosce aliquot dies Apud me habere,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 71:

in scribendo priores partes alicui tribuere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 4:

puero me hic sermo inducitur, ut nullae esse possent partes meae,

so that I could not take a part in it, id. Att. 13, 19, 4:

constantiae, moderationis, temperantiae, verecundiae partes,

id. Off. 1, 28, 98:

has partes lenitatis et misericordiae, quas me natura ipsa docuit semper egi libenter,

id. Mur. 3, 6:

partes accusatoris obtinere,

id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95:

tuum est hoc munus, tuae partes, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

promitto atque confirmo, me... imperatoris suscepturum officia atque partes,

id. ib. 3, 10, 8:

Antonii audio esse partes, ut de totā eloquentiā disserat,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 26:

transactis jam meis partibus ad Antonium audiendum venistis,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 7, 26, 2: ut ad partes paratus veniat, qs. prepared to act his part, Varr. R. R. 2, 5; so,

ad partes parati,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 87; cf. Liv. 3, 10; Gai. Inst. 4, 160; Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 14, 3, 2.—In sing. (mostly post-Aug.):

haec igitur tibi reliqua pars est,... ut rem publicam constituas, etc.,

Cic. Marc. 9, 27:

pars consilii pacisque,

Tac. H. 3, 46:

videri alia quoque hujus partis atque officii,

Quint. 11, 3, 174:

pars defensoris tota est posita in refutatione,

id. 5, 13, 1:

neglegentiae, humilitatis,

id. 9, 4, 35 et saep. (v. Bonnell, Lex. Quint. p. 627).—

A lot, portion, fate:

hancine ego partem capio ob pietatem praecipuam?

Plaut. Rud. 1, 3, 4.—

A portion, share, of food, Petr. 33:

equiti Romano avidius vescenti partes suas misit,

Suet. Calig. 18.—Also, the remains of a meal, App. M. 2, p. 125 med. —

A task, lesson:

puer frugi est, decem partes dicit,

Petr. 75, 4; 46, 3; 58, 7; Inscr. Grut. 625, 8; Inscr. Orell. 2872.—

A part, place, region, of the earth.—In plur., Cic. Fam. 12, 7, 2:

Orientis partes,

id. Mur. 41, 89:

in extremis ignoti partibus orbis,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 3; cf. Ruhnk. on Ov. H. 18, 197.—

In counting or calculating, a part, fraction; one half, one third, etc., as the context indicates:

tres jam copiarum partes,

fourths, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

agri partes duae,

thirds, Liv. 8, 1:

duabus partibus peditum amissis,

id. 21, 40:

mulctae novem partes,

tenths, Nep. Timol. 4.—

A part of the body, member:

nam lingua mali pars pessima servi,

Juv. 9, 121.—Esp., the private parts, Ov. F. 1, 437; id. A. A. 2, 584; Auct. Priap. 30; 38; Phaedr. 4, 7.—Of a testicle, Col. 7, 11.—Hence, adv.: partim (old acc. sing.), partly, in part, a part, some of, some.

Lit.

With gen.: cum partim illorum saepe ad eundem morem erat, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 13, 2:

atque haud scio an partim eorum fuerint, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 3, 16: utrum neglegentia partim magistratuum, an, etc., nescio, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 10, 13, 4:

Bruttios Apulosque, partim Samnitium ac Lucanorum defecisse ad Poenos,

Liv. 23, 11.—So, repeated:

corpora partim Multa virum terrae infodiunt avectaque partim Finitimos tollunt in agros,

Verg. A. 11, 204:

partim... partim: cum partim ejus praedae profundae libidines devorassent, partim nova quaedam et inaudita luxuries, partim etiam, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 21, 48:

eorum autem ipsorum partim ejus modi sunt, ut, etc.,

id. Off. 2, 21, 9; 72; id. de Or. 2, 22, 94; 1, 31, 141:

partim copiarum ad tumulum expugnandum mittit, partim ipse ad arcem ducit,

Liv. 26, 46:

eorum autem, quae objecta sunt mihi, partim ea sunt, etc.,

id. 42, 41, 2; Nep. Att. 7, 2.—

With ex:

ex quibus partim tecum fuerunt, partim, etc.,

Cic. Vatin. 7, 16:

partim ex illis distracti ac dissipati jacent,

id. Leg. 2, 17, 42:

cum partim e nobis ita timidi sint, ut, etc.,... partim, etc.,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

ex dubiis partim nobis ipsis ad electionem sunt libera, partim aliorum sententiae commissa,

Quint. 3, 4, 8.—

Absol. (so most freq.): animus partim uxoris misericordiā Devinctus, partim victus hujus injuriis, partly,... partly; in part,... in part, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 92 sq.:

partim quae perspexi his oculis, partim quae accepi auribus,

id. ib. 3, 3, 3:

amici partim deseruerint me, partim etiam prodiderint,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 5:

diuturni silentii... non timore aliquo, sed partim dolore, partim verecundiā, finem hodiernus dies attulit,

id. Marc. 1, 1; Quint. 7, 1, 3:

partim quod... partim quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 6, 3:

partim ductu, partim auspiciis suis,

Suet. Aug. 21:

partim cupiditate... partim ambitione... partim etiam inscientiā,

Quint. 12, 11, 14:

Scipio dux partim factis fortibus partim suāpte fortunā quādam ingentis ad incrementa gloriae celebratus converterat animos,

Liv. 29, 26, 5:

postea renuntiavit foro partim pudore, partim metu,

Suet. Rhet. 6.—Sometimes partim is placed only in the second member of a partitive proposition:

Caesar a nobilissimis civibus, partim etiam a se omnibus rebus ornatis, trucidatus,

Cic. Div. 2, 9, 23; id. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 158.—Sometimes it corresponds to alius, quidam, etc.:

bestiarum terrenae sunt aliae, partim aquatiles, aliae quasi ancipites,

Cic. N. D. 1, 37, 103:

multa inusitata partim e caelo, alia ex terrā oriebantur, quaedam etiam, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 42, 93:

quibusdam placuisse mirabilia quaedam, partim fugiendas esse nimias amicitias,

Cic. Am. 13, 45:

castra hostium invadunt, semisomnos partim, alios arma sumentes fugant,

Sall. J. 21, 2:

Gaetulos accepimus, partim in tuguriis, alios incultius vagos agitare, etc.,

id. ib. 19, 5; 38, 3; 40, 2; cf. id. ib. 13, 2; Gell. 2, 22, 1.—

Transf.

For the most part, chiefly, principally (ante-class.):

mirum quin tibi ego crederem, ut ipse idem mihi faceres, quod partim faciunt argentarii,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 28:

bubulcis obsequitor, partim quo libentius boves curent,

Cato, R. R. 5, 6; 6, 3. —

Of time, sometimes (late Lat.), Scrib. Comp. Med. 53.

prae-sum, fūi, esse, v. n., to be before a thing; hence, to be set over, to preside or rule over, to have the charge or command of, to superintend (class.).

With dat.:

omnibus Druidibus praeest unus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

qui oppido praeerat,

id. ib. 2, 6:

regionibus,

id. ib. 5, 22:

provinciae,

Sall. C. 42, 3:

censor factus, severe praefuit ei potestati,

Nep. Cat. 2, 3:

classi,

to have the command of the fleet, Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

exercitui,

id. ib. 3, 57:

alicui negotio,

to have charge of it, to carry it on, id. ib. 3, 61:

ei studio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

artificio,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

vigiliis,

to superintend, Sall. C. 30, 6:

regiis opibus,

Nep. Con. 4, 3:

rebus regiis,

id. Phoc. 3, 4:

statuis faciendis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

aedibus, i. e. aedilem esse,

Dig. 1, 2, 2: mercimoniis, Cod. 5, 5, 7.—

Absol.:

praeesse in provinciā,

to be governor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 180.—

Transf.

To be the chief person, to take the lead in any thing:

non enim paruit ille Ti. Gracchi temeritati, sed praefuit,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

qui non solum interfuit his rebus, sed etiam praefuit,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 1:

illi crudelitati non solum praeesse, verum etiam interesse,

id. Att. 9, 6, 7.—

To protect, defend ( poet.):

stant quoque pro nobis, et praesunt moenibus Urbis,

Ov. F. 5, 135.—Hence, praesens, entis ( abl. sing. of persons usually praesente; of things, praesenti), adj.

That is before one, in sight or at hand, present, in person (rarely of the immediate presence of the speaker or writer, for which the proper case of hic is used; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 908, and v. infra):

assum praesens praesenti tibi,

I am with you, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 27: non quia ades praesens, dico hoc, because you happen to be present, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 39:

quo praesente,

in whose presence, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quod adest quodque praesens est,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11; so,

nihil nisi praesens et quod adest,

id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

vivi atque praesentes,

id. Off. 1, 44, 156:

praesens tecum egi,

myself, in person, id. Fam. 2, 7, 4:

perinde ac si ipse interfuerit, et praesens viderit,

id. Inv. 1, 54, 104:

praesens sermo,

communication by word of mouth, id. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1:

praesens in praesentem multa dixerat,

id. Att. 11, 12, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 34: praesente for praesentibus (ante-class.): praesente amicis, Pompon. ap. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; so, testibus, id. ap. Non. 154, 17:

his,

Att. ib. 154, 19:

suis,

Fenest. ib. 154, 20:

omnibus,

Nov. ib. 154, 23: legatis, Varr. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: nobis, Ter. ib.—

Esp., of time:

narratio praeteritarum rerum aut praesentium,

Cic. Part. Or. 4, 13:

non solum inopia praesentis, sed etiam futuri temporis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 52 init.:

praesens tempus futuri metu perdere,

Sen. Ep. 24, 1:

tempus enim tribus partibus constat, praeterito, praesente, futuro,

id. ib. 124, 17.—Esp. in opp. to other times referred to:

quanta tempestas invidiae nobis si minus in praesens tempus... at in posteritatem impendeat,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

et reliqui temporis recuperandi ratio, et praesentis tuendi,

id. Att. 8, 9, 3:

et consiliorum superiorum conscientiā et praesentis temporis moderatione me consoler,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 6; id. Fl. 1, 3.—Very rarely alone, of the times of the writer or speaker. as opp. to the times of which he speaks:

quod pietas principis nostri praesentium quoque temporum decus fecit,

Quint. 3, 7, 9:

vive moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus,

now in use, Gell. 1, 10, 4.—Also of a time spoken of, present to the mind, existing:

movit Scipionem cum fortuna pristina viri, praesenti fortunae conlata,

Liv. 30, 13, 8:

populo erat persuasum, et adversas superiores et praesentes secundas res accidisse, etc.,

Nep. Alcib. 6, 2:

praetor factus non solum praesenti bello,

id. Them. 2, 1:

et praesens aetas et posteritas deinde mirata est,

Curt. 9, 10, 28:

praesentem saevitiam melioris olim fortunae recordatione allevabant,

Tac. A. 14, 63: in praesens tempus, and more freq. absol., in praesens, for the present:

pleraque differat, et praesens in tempus omittat,

Hor. A. P. 44; so (opp. in posteritatem) Cic. Cat 1, 9, 22:

si fortuna in praesens deseruit,

Tac. H. 4, 58; cf.:

laetus in praesens animus,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 25: ad praesens tempus, or simply ad praesens, for the present:

Harpagus ad praesens tempus dissimulato dolore,

for the moment, Just. 1, 5, 7:

quod factum aspere acceptum ad praesens, mox, etc.,

at the time, Tac. A. 4, 31; 40:

munimentum ad praesens, in posterum ultionem,

id. H. 1, 44; Suet. Tit. 6:

vocem adimere ad praesens,

for a short time, Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80: praesenti tempore and in praesenti, at present, now:

praesenti tempore,

Ov. F. 3, 478:

haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut speres,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4:

in praesenti,

Nep. Att. 12, 5; Liv. 34, 35, 11.—Prov.: praesenti fortuna pejor est futuri metus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 15.— Subst.: praesentĭa, ĭum, n., present circumstances, the present state of affairs:

cum hortatur ferenda esse praesentia,

Suet. Aug. 87:

praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

ex praeteritis enim aestimari solent praesentia,

Quint. 5, 10, 28:

sed penitus haerens amor fastidio praesentium accensus est,

Curt. 8, 3, 6.—Esp., in phrase in praesentia (sc. tempora), for the present, at this time, under present circumstances:

hoc video in praesentia opus esse,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

providere quid oneris in praesentia tollant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

quae in praesentia in mentem mihi venerunt,

id. Fam. 4, 5, 1; id. Fin. 5, 8, 21; Liv. 31, 22, 8; 33, 27, 10; 33, 28, 6; Tac. Agr. 31; 39; Suet. Tib. 22; id. Claud. 4; Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 14; Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 14.—Very rarely in praesentia, at hand, on hand, on the spot:

id quod in praesentia vestimentorum fuit, arripuit,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 5; cf.: in re praesenti, infra: in rem praesentem venire, to go to the place itself, go to the very spot, for the sake of a closer examination, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250:

in rem praesentem venias oportet, quia homines amplius oculis quam auribus credunt,

Sen. Ep. 6, 5: in rem praesentem perducere audientes, to transport one's hearers to the very spot, Quint. 4, 2, 123: in re praesenti, in the place itself, on the spot:

in re praesenti, ex copiā piscariā consulere, quid emam, aequom est,

when I am on the spot, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 65; Liv. 40, 9:

eodem anno inter populum Carthaginiensem et regem Masinissam in re praesenti disceptatores Romani de agro fuerunt,

id. 40, 17; Quint. 6, 2, 31:

praesenti bello,

while war is raging, Nep. Them. 2, 1; so sup.:

quod praesentissimis quibusque periculis desit,

Quint. 10, 7, 1; and comp.:

jam praesentior res erat,

Liv. 2, 36, 5.—

That happens or is done immediately, immediate, instant, prompt, ready, direct:

praesens poena sit,

the punishment might be instant, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:

preces,

immediate, not delayed, Prop. 2, 23, 64 (3, 28, 12):

mercari praesenti pecuniā,

with ready money, cash, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 8; Cic. Clu. 12, 34:

numerare praesentes denarios ducentos,

Petr. 109:

nummi,

id. 137:

supplicium,

instant execution, Tac. A. 1, 38:

Maelium praesenti morte multavit,

Flor. 1, 26:

praesens debitum,

Dig. 12, 1, 9; 20, 1, 13: praesenti die dari, in ready money:

quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die pecunia debetur,

ib. 45, 1, 41:

libertatem aut praesenti die, aut sub condicione dare,

ib. 28, 7, 22.—Hence, adv.: prae-sens (opp. in diem), forthwith, immediately:

si, cum in diem mihi deberetur, fraudator praesens solverit,

in ready money, in cash, Dig. 42, 9, 10:

quod vel praesens vel ex die dari potest,

ib. 7, 1, 4.—

That operates immediately or quickly, instant, prompt, efficacious, powerful (i. q. valens):

praesens auxilium oblatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:

non ulla magis praesens fortuna laborum est,

no more effective cure for their troubles, Verg. G. 3, 452:

quo non praesentius ullum, Pocula si quando saevae infecere novercae,

id. ib. 2, 127:

si quid praesentius audes,

more effective, bolder, id. A. 12, 152:

praesentissimum remedium,

Col. 6, 14; Plin. 28, 5, 14, § 53.—With objectclause:

o diva... Praesens vel imo tollere de gradu Mortale corpus, vel, etc.,

mighty, able, Hor. C. 1, 35, 2.—

Of disposition or character, present, collected, resolute:

animo virili praesentique ut sis, para,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 64:

si cui virtus animusque in pectore praesens,

Verg. A. 5, 363:

animus acer et praesens,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:

non plures, sed etiam praesentioribus animis,

Liv. 31, 46:

praesentissimo animo pugnare, Auct. B. Alex. 40: Crassus, ut praesens ingenio semper respondit,

Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—

Present, aiding, favoring, propitious:

Hercules tantus, et tam praesens habetur deus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6; 3, 5, 11:

deus,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

tu dea, tu praesens, nostro succurre labori,

Verg. A. 9, 404:

modo diva triformis Adjuvet, et praesens ingentibus adnuat ausis,

Ov. M. 7, 178.— Comp.:

nihil illo (praesagio) praesentius,

Flor. 4, 7, 9.—

Appropriate, pertinent, timely:

praesens hic quidemst apologus,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

en hercle praesens somnium,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 41.

quorsum and quorsus, adv. [quovorsus or -um], to what place, whitherward, whither,

Lit.: nescio hercle, neque unde eam, neque quorsum eam, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 14:

quaerit quorsus potissimum in praedam superne sese ruat,

App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—

Trop., whither:

tenes, quorsum haec tendant, quae loquor?

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 81:

sane curae est, quorsum eventurum hoc siet,

where this may go to, how it may turn out, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 118; so,

eri semper lenitas Verebar quorsum evaderet,

id. And. 1, 2, 5:

sed quorsus haec pertinent?

Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 63:

non dices hodie, quorsum haec tam putida tendant,

whither this tends, Hor. S. 2, 7, 21:

quorsum pertinuit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11:

quorsum abeant,

id. ib. 2, 3, 246:

quorsum igitur haec spectat tam longa, tam alte repetita oratio?

at what does it aim? Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 91.—

In partic., to what purpose? to what end? with what view? for what? quorsum igitur haec disputo? quorsum? ut intellegere possitis, Cic. Red. ad Quir. 2, 5:

quorsum tandem, aut cur ista quaeris?

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

quorsus, inquam, istuc?

id. Brut. 85, 292:

quor sum est opus?

for what is it needed? Hor. S. 2, 7, 116.—

* From what cause? why? quorsum insanus? Hor. S. 2, 3, 201; Acron. ad loc. (but K. and H. read cursum; cf. Orell. ad loc.).

quorsum and quorsus, adv. [quovorsus or -um], to what place, whitherward, whither,

Lit.: nescio hercle, neque unde eam, neque quorsum eam, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 14:

quaerit quorsus potissimum in praedam superne sese ruat,

App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—

Trop., whither:

tenes, quorsum haec tendant, quae loquor?

Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 81:

sane curae est, quorsum eventurum hoc siet,

where this may go to, how it may turn out, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 118; so,

eri semper lenitas Verebar quorsum evaderet,

id. And. 1, 2, 5:

sed quorsus haec pertinent?

Cic. Leg. 1, 24, 63:

non dices hodie, quorsum haec tam putida tendant,

whither this tends, Hor. S. 2, 7, 21:

quorsum pertinuit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11:

quorsum abeant,

id. ib. 2, 3, 246:

quorsum igitur haec spectat tam longa, tam alte repetita oratio?

at what does it aim? Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 91.—

In partic., to what purpose? to what end? with what view? for what? quorsum igitur haec disputo? quorsum? ut intellegere possitis, Cic. Red. ad Quir. 2, 5:

quorsum tandem, aut cur ista quaeris?

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

quorsus, inquam, istuc?

id. Brut. 85, 292:

quor sum est opus?

for what is it needed? Hor. S. 2, 7, 116.—

* From what cause? why? quorsum insanus? Hor. S. 2, 3, 201; Acron. ad loc. (but K. and H. read cursum; cf. Orell. ad loc.).

rējectĭo, ōnis, f. [reicio], a throwing back, throwing away. *

Lit.:

sanguinis,

i. e. throwing up, Plin. 23, 8, 76, § 146; Pall. 3, 31, 2.—

Trop., a rejecting, re jection (so in good prose, esp. freq. in Cic.).

In gen.:

selectio et item rejectio,

Cic. Fin. 3, 6, 20:

quod si civi Romano licet esse Gaditanum, sive exilio, sive postliminio, sive rejectione hujus civitatis,

id. Balb. 12, 29.—

In partic.

In jurid. lang., a challenging, rejection of a judge:

judicum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 16; so id. Planc. 15, 36. — Absol.:

rejectione interpositā,

Cic. Sull. 33, 92; id. Att. 1, 16, 3.—

Transf., in gen.:

excutere, quicquid dici potest, et velut rejectione factā ad optimum pervenire,

Quint. 7, 1, 34: eruditorum, Plin. H. N. praef. § 7.—

Rhet. t. t.

In alium, a shifting off from one ' s self to another, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 204 (al. trajectio; v. Orell. N. cr.); cited also in Quint. 9, 1, 30.—

= Gr. apodiôxis, the setting aside of considerations which are not pertinent, Jul. Rufin. Schem. Lex. § 12.

rĕus, i, m., and rĕa, ae, f. [res], jurid. t. t.

Originally, a party to an action (res), either plaintiff or defendant; afterwards restricted to the party accused, defendant, prisoner, etc.:

reos appello non eos modo, qui arguuntur, sed omnes, quorum de re disceptatur. Sic enim olim loquebantur,

Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 183; cf.:

reos appello, quorum res est,

id. ib. 2, 79, 321: reus nunc dicitur, qui causam dicit: et item qui quid promisit spoponditve ac debet. At Gallus Aelius, lib. II. Significationum verborum quae ad jus pertinent, ait:

reus est qui cum altero litem contestatam habet, sive is egit, sive cum eo actum est,

Fest. p. 273 Müll. It is found in this original signif. in the Lex XII. Tab., Fragm. ap. Fest. l. l., which Ulpian periphrases:

si judex vel alteruter ex litigatoribus morbo sontico impediatur,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

In the stricter sense.

A party obliged or under obligation to do or pay any thing, one answerable or responsible for any thing, a bondsman, a debtor: reus dictus est a re, quam promisit ac debet. Reus stipulando est, qui stipulatur. Reus promittendo est, qui suo nomine alteri quid pro altero promisit, Fest. pp. 135 and 227; cf. Dig. 45, 2, 1; and:

delegare est vice suā alium reum dare creditori vel cui jusserit,

ib. 46, 2, 11:

pecuniae reus fieri,

ib. 16, 1, 17:

dotis,

ib. 23, 3, 22, § 2:

locationis,

ib. 19, 2, 13, § 9.—

Transf., in gen., one who is bound by any thing, who is answerable for any thing, a debtor (very rare): quo intentius custodiae serventur, opportuna loca dividenda praefectis esse, ut suae quisque partis tutandae reus sit, answerable or responsible for, Liv. 25, 30: voti reus, bound by my vow (sc. in having obtained my desire), Verg. A. 5, 237 (voti reus, debitor, Serv.:

voti reus: Haec vox propria sacrorum est, ut reus vocetur, qui suscepto voto se numinibus obligat, damnatus autem, qui promissa vota non solvit,

Macr. S. 3, 2). —

One who is accused or arraigned, a defendant, prisoner, a criminal, culprit (the predominant signif. at all periods and in all styles; cf.:

nocens, sons): quis erat petitor? Fannius. Quis reus? Flavius. Quis judex? Cluvius,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42:

inopia reorum... aliquos ad columnam Maeniam reos reperire,

id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 50:

privato Milone et reo ad populum accusante P. Clodio,

id. Mil. 15, 40:

reus Milonis lege Plotiā fuit Clodius quoad vixit,

id. ib. 13 fin.:

facere aliquem reum,

to accuse one, Nep. Alcib. 4, 3.—

Persons under criminal charges usually put on mourning: rei ad populum Furius et Manlius circumeunt sordidati,

Liv. 2, 54, 3 (cf. id. 2, 61; 3, 58; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152). — In fem.:

ut socrus adulescentis rea ne fiat,

Cic. Fam. 13, 54:

tota rea citaretur Etruria,

id. Mil. 19, 50:

rea es,

Sen. Contr. 4, 29. —

With a statement of the crime or the punishment, one guilty of any crime, one condemned to any punishment:

facti reus,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 16:

aliquem rei capitalis reum facere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; cf.

capitis,

Quint. 12, 10, 70:

avaritiae,

Cic. Fl. 3, 7:

lenocinii,

Quint. 5, 10, 47:

parricidii,

id. 7, 2, 17:

manifesti peculatūs,

id. 12, 1, 43 et saep.:

Sestius, qui est de vi reus,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; so,

de vi,

id. Vatin. 17, 41; Quint. 11, 1, 51:

de ambitu,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2:

de moribus,

Quint. 4, 2, 3:

est enim reus uterque ob eandem causam et eodem crimine,

Cic. Vatin. 17, 41:

mortis reus,

Vulg. Matt. 26, 66:

cum equester ordo reus a consulibus citaretur,

Cic. Sest. 15, 35. — For the expressions reum facere, agere, peragere, postulare, inter reos referre, etc., v. h. vv.—

Transf., in gen.:

judex sim Reusque ad eam rem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12:

reus fortunae,

that was to be blamed for a misfortune, Liv. 6, 24; 9, 8:

facinoris,

Tac. A. 2, 66:

reus agor,

Ov. H. 20, 91.— In fem.:

fortuna una accusatur, una agitur rea,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22:

cum rea laudis agar,

Ov. H. 14, 120.