pert

fūnĕro, āvi, ātum ( dep. form funeratus est, Capitol. Pert. 14), 1, v. a. [id.], to bury with funeral rites, to inter (perh. not ante-Aug.;

syn.: sepelio, humo, effero): qui funerari se jussit sestertiis undecim milibus,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 135; Suet. Claud. 45; id. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; id. Ner. 50; id. Oth. 11; id. Dom. 17; Dig. 11, 7, 14; Sen. ad Helv. 2, 5; 12, 5; Val. Max. 1, 6, 6; 4, 4, 2; 4, 6, 3 al.: (apes) defunctas progerunt funerantiumque more comitantur exsequias, Plin. 11, 18, 20, § 63:

qui funerari sepelirive aliquem prohibuerit,

Paul. Sent. 5, 26, 3.—

Transf. (consequens pro antecedente), fūnĕrātus, a, um, killed, destroyed:

prope funeratus Arboris ictu,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 7:

funerata est pars illa corporis, qua quondam Achilles eram,

Petr. 129, 1.

fūnĕro, āvi, ātum ( dep. form funeratus est, Capitol. Pert. 14), 1, v. a. [id.], to bury with funeral rites, to inter (perh. not ante-Aug.;

syn.: sepelio, humo, effero): qui funerari se jussit sestertiis undecim milibus,

Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 135; Suet. Claud. 45; id. Tib. 51; id. Calig. 15; id. Ner. 50; id. Oth. 11; id. Dom. 17; Dig. 11, 7, 14; Sen. ad Helv. 2, 5; 12, 5; Val. Max. 1, 6, 6; 4, 4, 2; 4, 6, 3 al.: (apes) defunctas progerunt funerantiumque more comitantur exsequias, Plin. 11, 18, 20, § 63:

qui funerari sepelirive aliquem prohibuerit,

Paul. Sent. 5, 26, 3.—

Transf. (consequens pro antecedente), fūnĕrātus, a, um, killed, destroyed:

prope funeratus Arboris ictu,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 7:

funerata est pars illa corporis, qua quondam Achilles eram,

Petr. 129, 1.

lignārĭus, a, um, adj. [lignum], of or belonging to wood, wood-:

negotiatio,

timbertrade, Capitol. Pert. 1:

lima,

Scrib. Comp. 141:

artifex,

a worker in wood, Vulg. Isa. 44, 13.—

Subst.: lignārĭus, i, m.

A worker in wood, a carpenter, joiner, Pall. 1, 6, 2.—Perh. hence,

Inter lignarios, a place in Rome before the Porta Trigemina, perh. Joiners'-street, Timber-street, Liv. 35, 41 fin. (acc. to others, timber-market).—

A slave whose office it was to carry wood (to a temple), a wood-carrier:

Josue Gabionitas in aquarios lignariosque damnavit,

Hier. Ep. 108, 8.—

A wood-cutter, woodman: lignarius xulokopos, ho koptôn xula, Gloss. Lat. Gr.

missus, a, um, Part., from mitto.

missus, ūs, m. [mitto], a sending away, a sending, despatching.

Lit.

missu Caesaris ad Ambiorigem ventitare consueverat, Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

duas venisse legiones missu Caesaris,

id. ib. 6, 7:

Archippi regis missu,

Verg. A. 7, 752: quae valido venit contorta falarica missu, Enn. ap. Non. 555, 15 (Ann. v. 534 Vahl.).—

A throwing, hurling, launching:

pilum, haud paulo quam hasta vehementius ictu missuque telum,

Liv. 9, 19, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.: telorum, Auct. B. Hisp. 17, 3; 31, 1.—

Transf.

A cast, a shot:

vix absunt nobis missus bis mille sagittae,

Lucr. 4, 408.—

In the public games, a course, a round, a heat:

spectaculum multiplicatis missibus in serum produxit,

Suet. Ner. 22; id. Dom. 4: unus est missus qui ordinarius dicitur, Schol. Juv. 11, 193.—

At table, a course:

novem libras carnis per tres missus ponebat,

Capitol. Pert. 12; Lampr. Heliog. 30.

ob-dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n.

Act., to harden, render hard (only postclass.);

in the trop. signif.: obdurare se contra manifestam veritatem,

Lact. 1, 1, 23:

obdurata patientia,

Nazar. Pan. ad Const. 13:

obdurata nequitia,

Cod. Just. 10, 19, 2:

obdurata verecundia,

Capitol. Pert. 9.—Esp., to harden the heart against God (eccl. Lat.):

obdurare corda,

Vulg. Heb. 3, 8; id. Psa. 94, 8; id. Deut. 15, 7.— Pass.:

ut non obduretur quis vestrum,

Vulg. Heb. 3, 13.—

Neutr., to be hard or hardened; only trop., to hold out, persist, endure:

pernegabo atque obdurabo,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56:

persta, atque obdura,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 39; Cat. 8, 11:

perfer et obdura,

Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 7.— Impers. pass.: quare obduretur hoc triduum, * Cic. Att. 12, 3.

pālus, i, m. ( neutr. collat. form pālum, i, Varr. ap. Non. 219, 18) [for paglus (cf. dim. paxillus); root pag-; Sanscr. pācas, snare; Gr. pêgnumi, fasten; Lat. pango; cf.: pignus, pax], a stake, prop, stay, pale.

Lit. (very freq. and class.;

syn.: sudes, stipes): ut figam palum in parietem,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 4; id. Men. 2, 3, 53:

damnati ad supplicium traditi, ad palum alligati,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

palis adjungere vitem,

Tib. 1, 8 (7), 33; Ov. F. 1, 665:

palos et ridicas dolare,

Col. 11, 2, 11; Varr. 1. 1.—The Roman soldiers learned to fight by attacking a stake set in the ground, Veg. Mil. 1, 11; 2, 23;

hence, aut quis non vidit vulnera pali?

Juv. 6, 246.—And, transf.: exerceamur ad palum: et, ne imparatos fortuna deprehendat, fiat nobis paupertas familiaris, Sen. Ep. 18, 6.—In the lang. of gladiators, palus primus or palusprimus (called also machaera Herculeana, Capitol. Pert. 8), a gladiator's sword of wood, borne by the secutores, whence their leader was also called primus palus, Lampr. Commod. 15;

Inscr. Marin. Fratr. Arv. p. 694.—Prov.: quasi palo pectus tundor, of one astonished, stunned,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 2.—

Transf., = membrum virile, Hor. S. 1, 8, 5.

pălus, ūdis ( nom. sing. pălŭs, Hor. A. P. 65;

but usually pălūs,

Verg. A. 6, 107; v. infra; gen. plur. paludum, Caes. B. G. 4, 38, 2 Oud.;

rarely paludium,

Liv. 21, 54, 7 Drak.; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 174; Just. 44, 1, 10; Eum. Pan. Const. Aug. 12, 2), f. [= Gr. pêlos, mud; cf. Sanscr. palvala, pool; perh. -ud of the stem = hudôr, water], a swamp, marsh, morass, bog, fen, pool (cf.: stagnum, lacus).

Lit.:

ille paludes siccare voluit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 3, 7:

paludes emere,

id. Agr. 2, 27, 71:

palus erat non magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9:

propter paludes exercitui aditus non est,

id. ib. 2, 16:

Cocyti tardāque palus inamabilis undā,

Verg. G. 4, 479:

sterilisve diu palus aptaque remis,

Hor. A. P. 65:

udae paludes intumuere aestu,

Ov. M. 1, 737:

stagnata paludibus ument,

id. ib. 15, 269:

nigra,

Tib. 3, 3, 37:

exusta,

Verg. G. 3, 432:

alta,

id. ib. 4, 48:

putida,

Cat. 17, 10:

nebulosa,

Sil. 8, 382:

sordida,

Stat. S. 4, 3, 8.—Hence, Palus Maeotis, = Lacus Maeotis, now the Sea of Azof, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168; Mel. 1, 19.—

Transf.

A reed that grows in marshes:

tomentum concisa palus Circense vocatur,

Mart. 14, 160, 1; 11, 32, 2.—

Water:

(cymba) multam accepit rimosa paludem,

Verg. A. 6, 414.

per-tĭnax, ācis, adj. [tenax], that holds fast, that clings firmly, very tenacious.

Lit. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

digitus male pertinax,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 24:

ales unguibus pertinax,

App. Flor. p. 366: tenaxne pater ejus est? Ph. Pater immo edepol pertinax, exceedingly avaricious, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 39.—

Transf., that lasts long, very durable:

spiritus,

Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

siligo in Allobrogum agro pertinax,

id. 18, 8, 20, § 85.—

Trop., firm, constant, steadfast, persevering, unyielding; in a bad sense, obstinate, pertinacious, stubborn (cf. pervicax); constr. absol., with in and abl.; also (rare and not ante-Aug.) with in and acc., adversus and acc., ad and acc.; also (post-Aug.) with gen., Att. ap. Non. 433, 6 sq.:

concertationes in disputando pertinaces,

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 27 sq.:

pertinacissimus fueris, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 33, 107:

valde pertinax,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9:

pertinax fama,

Plin. 24, 17, 101, § 159:

studium, Quint. Inst. prooem.: certamen,

Liv. 2, 40:

stare pertinaci statu,

Gell. 2, 1, 2:

octoginta milia fortissimae pertinacissimaeque in retinendis armis juventutis,

Vell. 2, 27, 1:

pertinax virtus,

Liv. 25, 14:

pertinax adversus temerarios impetus,

id. 28, 22, 14:

pertinacior in repugnando,

id. 29, 33:

pertinax ad obtinendam injuriam,

id. 29, 1, 17:

in quod coepit pertinax et intenta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 1, 2.—

Poet., with inf.:

fortuna... Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 51.—

With gen.:

justitiae,

App. Mag. p. 338, 34:

irae,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 3.—Hence, adv.: pertĭnācĭter.

Very fast or firmly, very tenaciously, persistently:

haec ipsa magis pertinaciter haerent, quo deteriora sunt,

Quint. 1, 1, 5; Suet. Tib. 74:

pertinacius resistere,

Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 227:

pertinacissime retinere,

id. 33, 6, 32, § 100. —

Constantly, firmly, steadily, perseveringly; obstinately, stubbornly, pertinaciously:

pertinaciter liberalibus studiis deditus,

Suet. Claud. 40 fin.:

pertinaciter in aliquā re manere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20: pertinaciter offensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

contendere,

Suet. Caes. 1:

studere,

Sen. Ep. 5, 1.— Comp.:

pertinacius insequi,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13.— Sup.:

pertinacissime pabulo abstinere,

Suet. Caes. 81 med.; id. Ner. 56.—

Pertĭnax, ācis, m., surname of the emperor P. Helvius, who succeeded Commodus on the throne, Capitol. Pert. 1; Aur. Vict. Epit. 18.

per-tĭnax, ācis, adj. [tenax], that holds fast, that clings firmly, very tenacious.

Lit. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

digitus male pertinax,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 24:

ales unguibus pertinax,

App. Flor. p. 366: tenaxne pater ejus est? Ph. Pater immo edepol pertinax, exceedingly avaricious, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 39.—

Transf., that lasts long, very durable:

spiritus,

Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 81:

siligo in Allobrogum agro pertinax,

id. 18, 8, 20, § 85.—

Trop., firm, constant, steadfast, persevering, unyielding; in a bad sense, obstinate, pertinacious, stubborn (cf. pervicax); constr. absol., with in and abl.; also (rare and not ante-Aug.) with in and acc., adversus and acc., ad and acc.; also (post-Aug.) with gen., Att. ap. Non. 433, 6 sq.:

concertationes in disputando pertinaces,

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 27 sq.:

pertinacissimus fueris, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 33, 107:

valde pertinax,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9:

pertinax fama,

Plin. 24, 17, 101, § 159:

studium, Quint. Inst. prooem.: certamen,

Liv. 2, 40:

stare pertinaci statu,

Gell. 2, 1, 2:

octoginta milia fortissimae pertinacissimaeque in retinendis armis juventutis,

Vell. 2, 27, 1:

pertinax virtus,

Liv. 25, 14:

pertinax adversus temerarios impetus,

id. 28, 22, 14:

pertinacior in repugnando,

id. 29, 33:

pertinax ad obtinendam injuriam,

id. 29, 1, 17:

in quod coepit pertinax et intenta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 1, 2.—

Poet., with inf.:

fortuna... Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 51.—

With gen.:

justitiae,

App. Mag. p. 338, 34:

irae,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 3.—Hence, adv.: pertĭnācĭter.

Very fast or firmly, very tenaciously, persistently:

haec ipsa magis pertinaciter haerent, quo deteriora sunt,

Quint. 1, 1, 5; Suet. Tib. 74:

pertinacius resistere,

Plin. 16, 43, 83, § 227:

pertinacissime retinere,

id. 33, 6, 32, § 100. —

Constantly, firmly, steadily, perseveringly; obstinately, stubbornly, pertinaciously:

pertinaciter liberalibus studiis deditus,

Suet. Claud. 40 fin.:

pertinaciter in aliquā re manere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 20: pertinaciter offensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 1:

contendere,

Suet. Caes. 1:

studere,

Sen. Ep. 5, 1.— Comp.:

pertinacius insequi,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 13.— Sup.:

pertinacissime pabulo abstinere,

Suet. Caes. 81 med.; id. Ner. 56.—

Pertĭnax, ācis, m., surname of the emperor P. Helvius, who succeeded Commodus on the throne, Capitol. Pert. 1; Aur. Vict. Epit. 18.

pĕtŭlans, antis, adj. [prop. part. of the obsol. petulo, from peto, qs. falling upon or assailing in jest, i. e.], forward, pert, saucy, impudent, wanton, freakish, petulant.

In gen. (class.;

syn.: protervus, lascivus, procax): petulantes et petulci etiam appellantur, qui protervo impetu, et crebro petunt laedendi alterius gratiā,

Fest. p. 206 Müll.:

homo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305:

effuse petulans,

id. Pis. 5, 10:

animalia,

Gell. 17, 20, 8:

pictura,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140:

petulans et furiosum genus dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

Tarentum,

Juv. 6, 297.— Comp., Arn. 4, 151.— Sup.:

imitatio petulantissima,

Petr. 92.—

In partic., wanton, lascivious (class.):

si petulans fuisset in aliquā generosā nobili virgine,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20.— Adv.: pĕtŭlanter, pertly, wantonly, impudently, petulantly (class.):

in aliquem invehi,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3:

vivere,

id. Cael. 16, 38.— Comp.:

petulantius,

Cic. Cael. 3, 6. — Sup.:

petulantissime,

Cic. Att. 9, 19, 1.

pĕtŭlans, antis, adj. [prop. part. of the obsol. petulo, from peto, qs. falling upon or assailing in jest, i. e.], forward, pert, saucy, impudent, wanton, freakish, petulant.

In gen. (class.;

syn.: protervus, lascivus, procax): petulantes et petulci etiam appellantur, qui protervo impetu, et crebro petunt laedendi alterius gratiā,

Fest. p. 206 Müll.:

homo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305:

effuse petulans,

id. Pis. 5, 10:

animalia,

Gell. 17, 20, 8:

pictura,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 140:

petulans et furiosum genus dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

Tarentum,

Juv. 6, 297.— Comp., Arn. 4, 151.— Sup.:

imitatio petulantissima,

Petr. 92.—

In partic., wanton, lascivious (class.):

si petulans fuisset in aliquā generosā nobili virgine,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20.— Adv.: pĕtŭlanter, pertly, wantonly, impudently, petulantly (class.):

in aliquem invehi,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 3:

vivere,

id. Cael. 16, 38.— Comp.:

petulantius,

Cic. Cael. 3, 6. — Sup.:

petulantissime,

Cic. Att. 9, 19, 1.

prŏcax, ācis, adj. [id.], bold, shameless, impudent, insolent, forward, pert, wanton (class.; syn.: petulans, protervus).

Of persons:

leno procax, rapax, trahax,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 6:

procaciores estis vos,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 52:

non solum meretrix, sed etiam procax,

Cic. Cael. 20, 49:

procax in lacessendo,

id. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

procax ore,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

ingenio,

id. A. 14, 15:

lingua,

id. ib. 1, 16:

moribus,

id. H. 3, 62.—With gen.:

procax otii, i. e. in otio,

Tac. A. 13, 46. —

Of things:

procaces manus,

Plin. 22, 6, 7, § 17:

Fescennina locutio,

Cat. 61, 126:

sermo,

Sall. C. 25, 5:

libertas,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 2:

nequitiae procaciores,

Mart. 5, 2, 3:

aliquem procacibus scriptis diffamare,

Tac. A. 1, 72:

procacissima lixarum ingenia,

id. H. 2, 87:

mulier meretrix et procax,

Vulg. Ezech. 16, 30.—Of the vine: maritas populos complexae, atque per ramos earum procacibus brachiis scandentes, with wanton arms, i. e. entwining tendrils, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 10.— Poet.:

Auster,

i. e. stormy, Verg. A. 1, 536.—Hence, adv.: prŏcācĭter, boldly, impudently, wantonly (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

finem procaciter orto sermoni imponere,

Curt. 8, 1, 32: procacius stipendium flagitare quam ex modestiā militari. Liv. 28, 24; Tac. A. 5, 4:

procacissime patris tui memoriam illudunt,

Curt. 8, 1, 34:

vultum obfirmare,

Vulg. Prov. 21, 29.

prŏtervus, a, um, adj. [protero; qs. trampling on every thing; hence], violent, vehement.

Lit. ( poet.):

venti,

Hor. C. 1, 26, 2:

Africus,

id. Epod. 16, 22:

Eurus,

Ov. H. 11, 14:

stella canis,

scorching, oppressive, id. Am. 2, 16, 4.—

Trop., forward, bold, pert, wanton, shameless, impudent (class.; generally milder than procax and petulans; v. protervitas): petulans protervo animo sum, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1:

homo,

Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35; 1, 18, 61:

dictum aut factum,

id. ib. 2, 14, 47:

vidua,

id. Cael. 16, 38:

Satyri, turba proterva,

Ov. H. 5, 136:

juvenes,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 2:

rixae,

id. ib. 3, 14, 26:

frons,

id. ib. 2, 5, 15:

oculi,

Ov. H. 17, 77:

manus,

id. M. 5, 671:

Musa,

id. R. Am. 362:

lingua,

id. Ib. 520:

sal protervum,

ribald wit, Mart. 10, 9, 2.— Comp.:

meretrix protervior,

Just. 30, 2, 2.—Hence, adv., in two forms, proterve and proterviter.

prŏtervē.

In a bad sense, boldly, wantonly, shamelessly, impudently (class.):

aedes arietare,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 1:

proterve iracundus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 53 (immoderate, superbe, Don.):

consectans aliquem proterve,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.— Comp., Ov. A. A. 1, 599.— Sup., Aug. Civ. Dei, 5, 22.—

In a good sense, boldly, with spirit:

confidenter pro se et proterve loqui,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 207.—

prŏtervĭter, boldly, wantonly, shamelessly, impudently, Enn. ap. Non. 513, 11 (Com. v. 8 Vahl.).

rĕlātĭo, ōnis, f. [refero], a carrying back, bringing back. *

Lit.: membranae ut juvant aciem, ita crebrā relatione, quoad intinguntur calami, morantur manum, through the frequent carrying of the [p. 1555] hand back to the inkstand, i.e. by often stopping to dip the pen in the ink, Quint. 10, 3, 31.—

Trop.

In law t. t., a throwing back, retorting:

relatio criminis, est cum ideo jure factum dicitur, quod aliquis ante injuriā lacessierit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15; so Dig. 48, 1, 5:

jurisjurandi,

ib. 12, 2, 34 fin. —

In partic.

A returning, repaying:

gratiae,

Sen. Ben. 5, 11; id. Ep. 74, 13.—

In publicists' lang., a report; a proposition, motion:

ecquis audivit non modo actionem aliquam aut relationem, sed vocem omnino aut querellam tuam?

Cic. Pis. 13, 29:

relatio illa salutaris,

id. ib. 7, 14; Liv. 3, 39:

relationem approbare,

id. 32, 22:

incipere,

Tac. A. 5, 4; 13, 26:

mutare,

id. ib. 14, 49:

egredi,

id. ib. 2, 38:

postulare in aliquid,

id. ib. 13, 49:

relationi intercedere,

id. ib. 1, 13 al.: jus quartae relationis, the right accorded to the emperor, without being consul, of making communications in the Senate (this right was simply jus relationis;

tertiae, quartae, etc., denote the number of subjects he might introduce at each meeting, which varied at different periods),

Capitol. Pert. 5; Vop. Prob. 12 fin. — Hence,

Transf., in gen., a report, narration, relation (only post-Aug.):

dictorum,

Quint. 2, 7, 4; cf. id. 9, 2, 59:

causarum,

id. 6, 3, 77:

meritorum,

id. 4, 1, 13:

rerum ab Scythis gestarum,

Just. 2, 1, 1:

gentium,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 6.—

Of military reports to the general-in-chief or emperor: addens quaedam relationibus supervacua, quas subinde dimittebat ad principem,

Amm. 14, 7, 10; 20, 4, 7; 28, 1, 10. —

A rhetorical figure mentioned by Cicero, of the nature of which Quintilian was ignorant, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 207; Quint. 9, 3, 97: epanaphora est relatio; quotiens per singula membra eadem pars orationis repetitur, hoc modo: Verres calumniatores apponebat, Verres de causā cognoscebat;

Verres pronunciabat?

i. e. the repetition of a word for rhetorical effect, Mart. Cap. 5, § 534 init.; cf. Quint. 9, 1, 33. —

In philos. and gram. lang., reference, regard, respect, relation:

illud quoque est ex relatione ad aliquid,

Quint. 8, 4, 21:

relatione factā non ad id,

Dig. 1, 1, 11.