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21 clause
[klo:z]1) (a part of a sentence having its own subject and predicate, eg either of the two parts of this sentence: The sentence `Mary has a friend who is rich' contains a main clause and a subordinate (relative) clause.) propoziţie2) (a paragraph in a contract, will, or act of parliament.) clauză -
22 clause
[klo:z]1) (a part of a sentence having its own subject and predicate, eg either of the two parts of this sentence: The sentence `Mary has a friend who is rich' contains a main clause and a subordinate (relative) clause.) πρόταση2) (a paragraph in a contract, will, or act of parliament.) όρος, διάταξη -
23 clause
[klo:z]1) (a part of a sentence having its own subject and predicate, eg either of the two parts of this sentence: The sentence `Mary has a friend who is rich' contains a main clause and a subordinate (relative) clause.) oração2) (a paragraph in a contract, will, or act of parliament.) cláusula -
24 Clause
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25 clause
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26 severability clause
1) Общая лексика: оговорка о действительности договора в случае недействитель (Например: The invalidity, in whole or in part, of any term of this agreement does not affect the validity of the remainder of the agreement.)2) ЕБРР: положение о действительности договора в случае аннулирования одной из его статей, положение о недействительности договора в случае аннулирования одной из его статей, положение о неразделимости, положение о разделимости -
27 WHERE clause
The part of an SQL statement that specifies which records to retrieve. -
28 phrase
I [freɪz]1) (expression) espressione f.2) ling. locuzione f.; (part of clause) sintagma m.3) mus. frase f.II [freɪz]1) (formulate) esprimere [ idea]; formulare [question, speech]2) mus. fraseggiare* * *[freiz] 1. noun1) (a small group of words (usually without a finite verb) which forms part of an actual or implied sentence: He arrived after dinner.) frase, sintagma2) (a small group of musical notes which follow each other to make a definite individual section of a melody: the opening phrase of the overture.) frase2. verb(to express (something) in words: I phrased my explanations in simple language.) esprimere- phrasing
- phrase-book
- phrasal verb* * *I [freɪz]1) (expression) espressione f.2) ling. locuzione f.; (part of clause) sintagma m.3) mus. frase f.II [freɪz]1) (formulate) esprimere [ idea]; formulare [question, speech]2) mus. fraseggiare -
29 раздел
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30 phrase
phrase [freɪz]1. nouna. ( = saying) expression f• noun/verb phrase syntagme m nominal/verbala. [+ thought] exprimer ; [+ letter] rédiger• can we phrase it differently? peut-on tourner cela autrement ?* * *[freɪz] 1.1) ( expression) gen expression f, Linguistics locution f2) Linguistics ( part of clause) syntagme m3) Music phrase f2.transitive verb1) ( formulate) exprimer [idea]; formuler [question, speech]2) Music phraser -
31 phrase
A n1 ( expression) gen expression f, Ling locution f ; in Rousseau's phrase… pour reprendre l'expression de Rousseau… ;3 Mus phrase f.B vtr1 ( formulate) exprimer [idea, notion] ; formuler [question, sentence, speech] ; a neatly phrased letter une lettre bien tournée ;2 Mus phraser. -
32 then
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] ndipo[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] alimradhi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Word] radhi N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] alimradi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Word] mradi conj------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] almuradi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Word] mradi conj------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] bas[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] basi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] bassi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] mradi[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then[Swahili Word] ka[Part of Speech] verb tense[English Example] (and) he went[Swahili Example] akaenda------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and then in the past[Swahili Word] ka[Part of Speech] verb tense------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] it is then[Swahili Word] ndipo[Part of Speech] conjunction[English Example] He first locked the door and then he went his way.[Swahili Example] aliufunga mlango ndipo akaenda zake.------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] just then[Swahili Word] ndipo[Part of Speech] adverb[Swahili Example] hungoja mpaka jua limkaushe ndipo avae [Kez]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] just then[Swahili Word] pale pale[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so then[Swahili Word] haddi[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] pale[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] alhasil[Part of Speech] adverb[English Example] and so forth[Swahili Example] na then[Note] also: alhasir------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] alhasir[Part of Speech] adverb[English Example] and so forth[Swahili Example] na then[Note] also: alhasil------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] baadaye[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] babale[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] basi[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] hapo[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] hatima[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Word] hitima, hitimu------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] kiisha[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] kisha[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] kwisha[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Word] isha V------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] sawia[Part of Speech] adverb[English Example] and then (s)he arrived[Swahili Example] naye akafika sawia------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] tena[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] thama[Part of Speech] adverb[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] aidha[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] also: waaidha------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] almuradi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] also: mradi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] baadaye[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] halafu[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Language] Arabic[Related Words] -halifu------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] waaidha[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] then[Swahili Word] waama[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------ -
33 well
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] Are you well?[Swahili Word] Mzima?[Part of Speech] interjection[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] zima------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be well[Swahili Word] -taibu[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be well[Swahili Word] -weza[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] do very well at something[Swahili Word] -meta[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] kimeta N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] get well[Swahili Word] -poa[Part of Speech] verb[English Example] he has gotten well.[Swahili Example] amepoa ugonjwa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] get well from illness[Swahili Word] -pona[Part of Speech] verb[English Example] Tuza had already healed his/her hand[Swahili Example] Tuza alikuwa amekwisha pona mkono wake [Kez]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] I am well[Swahili Word] mzima[Part of Speech] interjection[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] zima------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] look well[Swahili Word] -pea[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] think well of oneself[Swahili Word] -jinaki[Part of Speech] verb[Derived Word] nakawa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] very well[Swahili Word] vilivyo[Part of Speech] adverb[Swahili Example] alifahamu vilivyo maana ya[ke] [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] very well (in response to the salutation 'shikamoo')[Swahili Word] marahaba[Part of Speech] interjection------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] Very well![Swahili Word] tayib![Part of Speech] interjection[Related Words] taibu------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] peketevu[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] pekutevu[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] akhuyari[Part of Speech] adverb[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] basi[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] taibu[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] vizuri[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Word] -zuri adv/adj------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] vyema[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -ema[Related Words] njema, mwema, chema------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] kinyemi[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] bas[Part of Speech] conjunction[English Example] "well, let's go".[Swahili Example] basi twende[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] basi[Part of Speech] conjunction[English Example] well, let's go[Swahili Example] basi twende[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[Swahili Word] bassi[Part of Speech] conjunction[English Example] well, let's go[Swahili Example] bassi twende[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[English Plural] wells[Swahili Word] kisima[Swahili Plural] visima[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8[English Definition] a deep hole or shaft dug or drilled to obtain water or oil or gas or brine[English Example] the well is full of water[Swahili Example] kisima kimejaa maji------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well[English Plural] wells[Swahili Word] shimo[Swahili Plural] mashimo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well![Swahili Word] ebu![Part of Speech] interjection------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] well![Swahili Word] hebu![Part of Speech] interjection------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] Well, what do you know?[Swahili Word] sasa[Part of Speech] interjection[English Example] what are we going to do now?[Swahili Example] Sasa, tutafanya nini?------------------------------------------------------------ -
34 so
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and so[Swahili Word] alimradhi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Word] radhi N[Swahili Example] wakipigana makofi viganja [...] alimradhi wakionyesha kufurahi sana [Muk]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and so[Swahili Word] alimradi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Word] mradi conj[Swahili Example] ali mradi kila wikiendi hukosi soketi zako kumi [Ma]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and so[Swahili Word] almuradi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Derived Word] mradi conj------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and so[Swahili Word] mradi[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] and so on[Swahili Word] kadhalika[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] is it so?[Swahili Word] ndivyo?[Part of Speech] interjection------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] is that so?[Swahili Word] alaa?[Part of Speech] interjection------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] it is so[Swahili Word] ndi-[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] it is so[Swahili Word] ndiyo[Part of Speech] pronoun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] just so so[Swahili Word] hivi hivi tu[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so[Swahili Word] vilevile[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -le------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so[Swahili Word] bas[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so[Swahili Word] basi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so[Swahili Word] bassi[Part of Speech] conjunction[Note] at the beginning of a clause------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so[Swahili Word] hata[Part of Speech] conjunction[Swahili Example] tutasoma kitabu gani hata tujue maneno yenu?; hata akija------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] So and So[Swahili Word] akina[Part of Speech] adjective[Derived Language] Arabic[English Example] that so and so Joseph hasn't yet arrived[Swahili Example] akina Yusefu hajafika bado------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so as to[Swahili Word] haddi[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so so[Swahili Word] hivi[Part of Speech] adverb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so that[Swahili Word] haddi[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so that[Swahili Word] hata[Part of Speech] conjunction[Swahili Example] tutasoma kitabu gani hata tujue maneno yenu?; hata akija------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so that[Swahili Word] ili[Part of Speech] conjunction------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] so that[Swahili Word] minajili[Part of Speech] preposition------------------------------------------------------------ -
35 for
fo:
1. preposition1) (to be given or sent to: This letter is for you.) para2) (towards; in the direction of: We set off for London.) para, hacia, en dirección a3) (through a certain time or distance: for three hours; for three miles.) durante4) (in order to have, get, be etc: He asked me for some money; Go for a walk.) (pedir dinero); (salir) a (pasear)5) (in return; as payment: He paid $2 for his ticket.) por6) (in order to be prepared: He's getting ready for the journey.) para7) (representing: He is the member of parliament for Hull.) por8) (on behalf of: Will you do it for me?) por9) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) por, a favor de10) (because of: for this reason.) por, a causa de11) (having a particular purpose: She gave me money for the bus fare.) para12) (indicating an ability or an attitude to: a talent for baking; an ear for music.) para13) (as being: They mistook him for someone else.) por, para14) (considering what is used in the case of: It is quite warm for January (= considering that it is January when it is usually cold).) para15) (in spite of: For all his money, he didn't seem happy.) a pesar de
2. conjunction(because: It must be late, for I have been here a long time.) ya que, puesto quefor prep1. parais this the train for London? ¿es éste el tren que va a Londres?2. porI bought it for £12 lo compré por 12 libraswhat can I do for you? ¿qué puedo hacer por ti?3. desde hace4. durante5. de"T" for Tony "T" de Tonywhat's the word for "cheese" in Spanish? ¿cómo se dice "cheese" en español?6. a favor deare you for the plan, or against it? ¿estás a favor del plan, o en contra?tr[fɔːSMALLr/SMALL]1 (intended) para■ there's a phone call for Mr. Smith hay una llamada para el Sr. Smith2 (purpose) para■ what's this for? ¿para qué sirve esto?■ shall we meet for lunch? ¿quedamos para comer?3 (destination) para■ where do I catch the train for Newcastle? ¿dónde se coge el tren para Newcastle?4 (in order to help, on behalf of) por5 (because of, on account of) por, a causa de■ a meeting has been called for 10.00 se ha convocado una reunión para las 10.00■ I've lived here for 5 years hace 5 años que vivo aquí, vivo aquí desde hace 5 años■ it's the first accident here for a long time es el primer accidente que ocurre aquí desde hace mucho tiempo8 (in exchange, as replacement of) por■ I got it for £500 lo conseguí por 500 libras■ the record went for $50 el disco se vendió por 50 dólares9 (in favour of, in support of) por, a favor de■ who did you vote for? ¿a quién votaste?■ are you for or against the new laws? ¿estás a favor o en contra de las nuevas leyes?10 (despite) a pesar de, para; (considering, contrast) para■ I still love him, for all his faults lo quiero, a pesar de todos sus defectos11 (as) de, como, por■ what do they use for fuel? ¿qué utilizan de combustible?12 (in order to obtain) para■ for further details... para más información....13 (representing) por; (meaning) de■ I can't go to the meeting - will you go for me? no puedo asistir a la reunión - ¿quieres ir en mi lugar?■ what's the Spanish for "pool"? ¿cómo se dice "pool" en castellano?14 (as regards, concerning) por, en cuanto a■ for my part, he can do as he likes por mí, que haga lo que quiera■ as for him, who cares? en cuanto a él, ¿a quién le importa?■ luckily for us, it didn't rain afortunadamente para nosotros, no llovió15 (as part of, as being) por, para■ do you know that for a fact? ¿lo sabes a ciencia cierta?■ what do you want for dinner? ¿qué quieres para comer?1 para16 formal use literal ya que, puesto que\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLas for me por mi parte, en cuanto a mífor all I know que yo sepafor all that a pesar de todo, con todofor good para siemprefor the first time por primera vezfor the last time por última vezoh for...! ¡ojalá tuviera...!■ oh for a star to guide my way! ¡ojalá tuviera una estrella que me guiara los pasos!there's nothing for it but... no hay más remedio que...to be for it cargárselafor ['fɔr] conj: puesto que, porquefor prepclothes for children: ropa para niñosit's time for dinner: es la hora de comer2) because of: porfor fear of: por miedo dea gift for you: un regalo para tihe fought for his country: luchó por su patriaa cure for cancer: una cura para el cáncerfor your own good: por tu propio bienI bought it for $5: lo compré por $5a lot of trouble for nothing: mucha molestia para nada7) as for: para, con respecto ahe's going for two years: se va por dos añosI spoke for ten minutes: hablé (durante) diez minutosshe has known it for three months: lo sabe desde hace tres mesesconj.• para conj.• pues conj.• ya que conj.n.• por s.m.prep.• a causa de prep.• como prep.• de prep.• durante prep.• en honor de prep.• en lugar de prep.• para prep.• por prep.
I fɔːr, fɔː(r), weak form fər, fə(r)1) preposition2)a) ( intended for) parais there a letter for me? — ¿hay carta para mí?
clothes for men/women — ropa de hombre/mujer
is it for sale? — ¿está en venta?, ¿se vende?
b) ( on behalf of) porhe plays for England — forma parte de or juega en la selección inglesa
c) ( in favor of) a favor de3) ( indicating purpose)what's that for? — ¿para qué es eso?, ¿eso para qué sirve?
it's for trimming hedges — es or sirve para recortar setos
to go out for a meal — salir* a comer fuera
to be for it — (colloq)
here comes Dad, we're for it now! — ahí viene papá ahora sí que estamos listos or (Col tb) hechos or (CS tb) fritos! (fam)
4)a) (as)we're having chicken for dinner — vamos a cenar pollo or hay pollo para cenar
what's for dessert? — ¿qué hay de postre?
b) ( representing)what's (the) German for ``ice cream''? — ¿cómo se dice ``helado'' en alemán?
c) ( instead of) porcould you call him for me? — ¿podrías llamarlo tú?, ¿me harías el favor de llamarlo?
5) ( giving reason) porif it weren't for Joe... — si no fuera por Joe...
for one thing it's too costly and for another we don't need it — para empezar es muy caro y además no lo necesitamos
6)a) ( in exchange for) porI bought the book for $10 — compré el libro por 10 dólares
b) ( indicating proportion) porfor every one we find, there are 20 that get away — por cada uno que encontramos, se nos escapan 20
7)a) ( as concerns) para8)a) ( in spite of)for all her faults, she's been very kind to us — tendrá sus defectos, pero con nosotros ha sido muy buena
is there time for us to have a cup of coffee? — ¿tenemos tiempo de tomar un café?
9) ( in exclamations)oh, for some peace and quiet — qué (no) daría yo por un poco de paz y tranquilidad!
10) ( in the direction of) parathe plane/bus for New York — el avión/autobús para or de Nueva York
11)a) ( indicating duration)I've only been here for a day — sólo llevo un día aquí, hace sólo un día que estoy aquí
how long are you going for? — ¿por cuánto tiempo vas?, ¿cuánto tiempo te vas a quedar?
b) ( on the occasion of) parac) (by, before) para12) ( indicating distance)
II
conjunction (liter) pues (liter), puesto que (frml), porque[fɔː(r)] When for is part of a phrasal verb, eg look for, make for, stand for, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg as for, a gift for, for sale, eager for, look up the other word.1. PREPOSITION1) (=going to) parathe train for London — el tren para or de Londres
2) (=intended for) parais this for me? — ¿es para mí esto?
3) (to express purpose) parawe went to Tossa for our holidays — fuimos a pasar las vacaciones a Tossa, fuimos a Tossa para las vacaciones
•
what for? — ¿para qué?what's it for? — ¿para qué es or sirve?
what do you want it for? — ¿para qué lo quieres?
what did you do that for? — ¿por qué hiciste eso?
4) (employment) para5) (=on behalf of)"I can't iron this shirt" - "don't worry, I'll iron it for you" — -no puedo planchar esta camisa -no te preocupes, yo te la plancho
"I still haven't booked the ticket" - "I'll do it for you" — -no he reservado el billete todavía -ya lo haré yo
who is the representative for your group? — ¿quién es el representante de vuestro grupo?
6) (=as in) de7) (=in exchange for) porhe'll do it for £25 — lo hará por 25 libras
for every one who voted yes, 50 voted no — por cada persona que votó a favor, 50 votaron en contra
•
to pay 50 pence for a ticket — pagar 50 peniques por una entradathe government will match each donation pound for pound — el gobierno igualará cada donativo, libra a libra
•
I sold it for £5 — lo vendí por or en 5 libras8) (=to the value of)a cheque for £500 — un cheque or talón por valor de 500 libras
how much is the cheque for? — ¿por cuánto es el cheque?
a) (making comparisons) parahe's tall/mature for his age — es alto/maduro para su edad or para la edad que tiene
b) (specifying)it was too difficult for her — era demasiado difícil para ella, le era demasiado difícil
that's easy for you to say — para ti es fácil decirlo, a ti te es fácil decirlo
10) (=in favour of) a favor deanyone for a game of cards? — ¿alguien se apunta a una partida de cartas?
•
are you for or against the idea? — ¿estás a favor o en contra de la idea?are you for or against us? — ¿estás con nosotros o en contra?
•
I'm all for it — estoy completamente a favor•
the campaign for human rights — la campaña pro derechos humanos, la campaña en pro de los derechos humanos•
a collection for the poor — una colecta a beneficio de los pobres11) (=as, by way of)what's for dinner? — ¿qué hay para cenar?
12) (=because of) por•
for fear of being criticized — por miedo a la crítica, por temor a ser criticado13) (=in spite of) a pesar de•
for all his wealth — a pesar de su riquezafor all he promised to come, he didn't — a pesar de habérmelo prometido, no vino
a) (future/past duration)When translating for and a period of time, it is often unnecessary to translate for, as in the examples below where durante is optional:Alternatively, translate [for] using [durante], or, especially when talking about very short periods, [por]. Use [por] also with the verb [ir], although again it is often optional in this case:I'm going for three weeks — me voy tres semanas, estaré allí tres semanas
for a moment, he didn't know what to say — por un momento, no supo qué decir
Use hace... que and the present to describe actions and states that started in the past and are still going on. Alternatively use the present and desde hace. Another option is sometimes llevar and the gerund. Don't use the present perfect in Spanish to translate phrases like these, unless they are in the negative.he won't be back for a couple of hours/days — no regresará hasta dentro de un par de horas/días, tardará un par de horas/días en regresar
he has been learning French for two years — hace dos años que estudia francés, estudia francés desde hace dos años, lleva dos años estudiando francés
it has not rained for 3 weeks — hace 3 semanas que no llueve, no llueve or no ha llovido desde hace 3 semanas, lleva 3 semanas sin llover
I have known her for years — hace años que la conozco, la conozco desde hace años
Notice how the tenses change when talking about something that [had] happened or [had been] happening [for] a time:I haven't seen her for two years — hace dos años que no la veo, no la he visto desde hace dos años, no la veo desde hace dos años, llevo dos años sin verla
he had been learning French for two years — hacía dos años que estudiaba francés, estudiaba francés desde hacía dos años, llevaba dos años estudiando francés
I hadn't seen her for two years — hacía dos años que no la veía, no la había visto desde hacía dos años, no la veía desde hacía dos años, llevaba dos años sin verla
15) (=by, before) paracan you do it for tomorrow? — ¿lo puedes hacer para mañana?
when does he want it for? — ¿para cuándo lo quiere?
16) (=on the occasion of) parahe asked his daughter what she would like for her birthday — le preguntó a su hija qué le gustaría para su cumpleaños
17) (=for a distance of)you can see for miles from the top of the hill — desde lo alto de la colina se puede ver hasta muy lejos
for this to be possible... — para que esto sea posible...
it's not for me to tell him what to do — yo no soy quien para decirle or no me corresponde a mí decirle lo que tiene que hacer
•
it's bad for you to smoke so much — te perjudica fumar tanto•
it's best for you to go — es mejor que te vayas•
there is still time for you to do it — todavía tienes tiempo para hacerlowhat's the German for "hill"? — ¿cómo se dice "colina" en alemán?
oh for a cup of tea! — ¡lo que daría por una taza de té!
exampleI'll be for it if he catches me here! * — ¡me la voy a cargar si me pilla aquí! *
2.CONJUNCTION liter pues, puesto queshe avoided him, for he was rude and uncouth — lo eludía puesto que or pues era grosero y ordinario
* * *
I [fɔːr, fɔː(r)], weak form [fər, fə(r)]1) preposition2)a) ( intended for) parais there a letter for me? — ¿hay carta para mí?
clothes for men/women — ropa de hombre/mujer
is it for sale? — ¿está en venta?, ¿se vende?
b) ( on behalf of) porhe plays for England — forma parte de or juega en la selección inglesa
c) ( in favor of) a favor de3) ( indicating purpose)what's that for? — ¿para qué es eso?, ¿eso para qué sirve?
it's for trimming hedges — es or sirve para recortar setos
to go out for a meal — salir* a comer fuera
to be for it — (colloq)
here comes Dad, we're for it now! — ahí viene papá ahora sí que estamos listos or (Col tb) hechos or (CS tb) fritos! (fam)
4)a) (as)we're having chicken for dinner — vamos a cenar pollo or hay pollo para cenar
what's for dessert? — ¿qué hay de postre?
b) ( representing)what's (the) German for ``ice cream''? — ¿cómo se dice ``helado'' en alemán?
c) ( instead of) porcould you call him for me? — ¿podrías llamarlo tú?, ¿me harías el favor de llamarlo?
5) ( giving reason) porif it weren't for Joe... — si no fuera por Joe...
for one thing it's too costly and for another we don't need it — para empezar es muy caro y además no lo necesitamos
6)a) ( in exchange for) porI bought the book for $10 — compré el libro por 10 dólares
b) ( indicating proportion) porfor every one we find, there are 20 that get away — por cada uno que encontramos, se nos escapan 20
7)a) ( as concerns) para8)a) ( in spite of)for all her faults, she's been very kind to us — tendrá sus defectos, pero con nosotros ha sido muy buena
is there time for us to have a cup of coffee? — ¿tenemos tiempo de tomar un café?
9) ( in exclamations)oh, for some peace and quiet — qué (no) daría yo por un poco de paz y tranquilidad!
10) ( in the direction of) parathe plane/bus for New York — el avión/autobús para or de Nueva York
11)a) ( indicating duration)I've only been here for a day — sólo llevo un día aquí, hace sólo un día que estoy aquí
how long are you going for? — ¿por cuánto tiempo vas?, ¿cuánto tiempo te vas a quedar?
b) ( on the occasion of) parac) (by, before) para12) ( indicating distance)
II
conjunction (liter) pues (liter), puesto que (frml), porque -
36 Empty subject: it and there
↑ Subject1) it.Если логическим подлежащим предложения является синтаксический оборот или придаточное предложение, то, как правило, вместо него вводится формальное ("пустое") подлежащее it, а логическое подлежащее перемещается в конец предложения.а) Придаточное предложение (Subordinate clause).Формальное подлежащее it может употребляться, если логическим подлежащим является придаточное предложение (особенно если это придаточное является достаточно распространенным).It
was quite clear that the career of this gentleman had been far from immaculate. — Было понятно, что карьера этого джентльмена далеко не безукоризненна. (более естественно, чем That the career of this gentleman had been far from immaculate was quite clear).б) Инфинитивный оборот (Infinitive clause).Формальное подлежащее it обыкновенно вводится, если логическим подлежащим является инфинитивный оборот. В частности, it часто используется в инфинитивных оборотах, вводимых предлогом for (For- clause).It
is difficult to imagine worse English. — Трудно представить себе худший английский.It
was difficult for them to talk and so they for the most part kept silent. — Им было трудно разговаривать, поэтому большую часть времени они молчали.в) Герундиальный оборот (ing- clause).Формальное подлежащее может вводиться при логическом подлежащем, выраженном герундиальным оборотом. Такие конструкции характерны для разговорного языка.It
was nice seeing you. — Приятно было тебя видеть.It
surprised me your not remembering my name. — Меня удивило, что ты не помнишь моего имени.2) there.В предложениях, описывающих существование чего-либо, вводится формальное подлежащее there.а) Чаще всего сказуемым в таких предложениях бывает глагол be. Be согласуется в числе с логическим подлежащим.a house in New Orleans they call "The Rising Sun". — В Новом Орлеане есть дом, который называют "Восходящее солнце"." There aren't many of them about," she said. — "Их тут не так много", - сказала она.
б) При глаголе be в предложениях с формальным подлежащим there может употребляться модальный глагол (см. Modal verbs), а также некоторые другие глаголы (seem, appear, happen и др.)nothing he cannot do, nothing he doesn't do well, nothing he does superbly. — Похоже, что нет ничего такого, чего бы он не мог сделать, ничего, чего бы он не мог сделать хорошо, и ничего, с чем бы он справился в совершенстве.two different explanations of this. — Этому есть, возможно, два объяснения.English-Russian grammar dictionary > Empty subject: it and there
-
37 contract
1) подряд; контракт; договор3) сжимать; стягивать•- amount of a contract - appendix to contract - as per appendix to a contract - bilateral contract - blanket contract - breach of contract - cancellation of a contract - civil engineering contract - clause in a contract - clause of a contract - commercial part of a contract - construction contract - cost contract - cost-plus contract - cost-plus-a-fixed-fee contract - design contract - design engineering contract - development contract - early occupancy contract - effective date of a contract - erection contract - exclusive contract - form of a contract - freight contract - future contracts - general contract - general conditions of a contract - integral part of a contract - interpretation of a contract - language of a contract - long-term contract - lump-sum contract - maintenance contract - number of a contract - open-end contract - original contract - package contract - period of execution of a contract - prime contract - profitable contract - sale contract - service contract - short-term contract - signed contract - specification of contract - stamp duty on a contract - standard form of contract - subject of a contract - supply contract - technical part of a contract - technical service contract - total value of a contract - turnkey contract - umbrella contract - unit price contract - valid contract -
38 главный
прил. chief, main;
principal (основной) ;
central;
head, senior (старший) главная книга фин. ≈ ledger главный город ≈ capital главное управление ≈ central administrative board;
main/central directorate главный врач ≈ head physician;
chief medical officer, chief army doctor мед. главное условие ≈ key condition главный удар ≈ main blow/attack главное предложение ≈ main clause;
matrix clause главным образомглавн|ый -
1. прил. chief, main, principal;
~ город principal town;
(столица) capital;
~ая улица main street, (в небольшом городе) high street;
~ удар воен. main attack/blow;
~ые силы воен. main body/forces;
2. прил. (старший по положению) head attr., chief attr. ;
~ врач head physician;
(в армии) chief medical officer;
~ хирург head surgeon;
~ инженер chief engineer;
~ бухгалтер chief accountant;
~ управляющий general manager;
3. в знач. сущ. с. great/chief thing;
what really matters;
самое ~ое - не опаздывать the great thing is not to be late;
whatever you do, don`t be late!, above all, don`t be late!;
самого ~ого вы и не сказали you have left out the most important part;
он не видит самого ~ого he misses the point;
~ым образом mainly, in the main;
~ая книга бухг. ledger;
~ое предложение грам. principal/main clause;
~ условие key condition. -
39 subordinate
̘. ̈a.səˈbɔ:dnɪt
1. прил.
1) зависимый, подчиненный (to)
2) второстепенный, низший subordinate interests ≈ второстепенные интересы He plays a subordinate part. ≈ Он играет второстепенную роль. Syn: secondary, minor
3) грам. придаточный
2. сущ. подчиненный Syn: assistant
3. гл. подчинять, ставить в зависимость (to) All other considerations had to be subordinated to the needs of the family. ≈ Все должно быть подчинено нуждам семьи. They had to subordinate their own needs to the needs of the group.≈ Им пришлось подчинить свои интересы интересам коллектива. подчиненный зависимый, подчиненный - * position зависимое положение - to be in a * situation быть в зависимом положении - * body подчиненный орган второстепенный - * interests второстепенные интересы - * crop (сельскохозяйственное) подсевная культура - he plays a * part он играет второстепенную роль - pleasure should be * to duty на первом месте стоит долг, а потом - удовольствие (грамматика) придаточный - * clause придаточное предложение( грамматика) подчинительный - * conjunctions подчинительные союзы (специальное) расположенный ниже подчинять, ставить в зависимость - to * passions to reason подчинять страсти рассудку - to * one's own interests to the public good подчинить личные интересы общественным ~ грам. придаточный;
subordinate clause придаточное предложениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > subordinate
-
40 but
1. conjunction(used to show a contrast between two or more things: John was there, but Peter was not.) pero
2. preposition(except (for): no-one but me; the next road but one.) exceptobut1 conj1. peroI'd like to come to the party, but I can't me gustaría ir a la fiesta, pero no puedo2. sinothe party's not on Saturday, but on Sunday la fiesta no es el sábado, sino el domingobut2 prep salvo / excepto / menostr[bʌt]1 pero■ it's cold, but dry hace frío, pero no llueve■ I'd like to, but I can't me gustaría, pero no puedo2 (after negative) sino■ not two, but three no dos, sino tres3 (after negative with verb) sino que■ she told him not to wait, but to go home le dijo que no se esperara, sino que se fuera para casa1 (nada) más que, no... sino, solamente, sólo,1 excepto, salvo, menos1 pero\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbut for de no ser por, si no fuera por■ but for him, we would have failed de no ser por él, habríamos fracasadohad I but «+ pp»... si lo + imperf subj...there is nothing for it but to «+ inf» no hay más remedio que + infthe last but one el/la penúltimo,-abut ['bʌt] conj1) that: quethere is no doubt but he is lazy: no cabe duda que sea perezoso2) without: sin que3) nevertheless: pero, no obstante, sin embargoI called her but she didn't answer: la llamé pero no contestó4) yet: perohe was poor but proud: era pobre pero orgullosobut prepexcept: excepto, menoseveryone but Carlos: todos menos Carlosthe last but one: el penúltimoadv.• pero adv.• sino adv.• solamente adv.conj.• ahora conj.• empero conj.• mas conj.• pero conj.• sino conj.n.• objeción s.f.• pero s.m.prep.• excepto prep.
I bʌt, weak form bət1)a) ( however) peroshe was fired, but they were not — la despidieron a ella pero no a ellos
everybody, but everybody knows that — eso no hay nadie que no lo sepa
you're really bugging me but good! — (AmE colloq) qué manera de darme la lata! (fam)
b) ( used for introductory emphasis) perobut what made you say it? — ¿pero por qué lo dijiste?
surely he doesn't believe that? - oh, but he does! — no puede ser que se crea eso - pues sí que se lo cree
c)but then — (as linker) (however, still) pero; ( in that case) pero entonces
but then you never were very ambitious, were you? — pero la verdad es que tú nunca fuiste muy ambicioso ¿no?
I don't want to, but then again I do — no quiero, pero a la vez or al mismo tiempo sí quiero
2)not... but... — no... sino...
it appears that she's not Greek but Albanian — parece que no es griega, sino albanesa
not only did she hit him, but she also... — no sólo le pegó, sino que también...
II
a) ( except)everyone but me — todos menos or excepto or salvo yo
the next street but one — la próxima calle no: la siguiente
there's nothing we can do but wait — no podemos hacer otra cosa sino esperar, lo único que podemos hacer es esperar
b)but for: but for them, we'd have lost everything — de no haber sido or si no hubiera sido por ellos, habríamos perdido todo
III
adverb (frml)
IV bʌtnoun pero m[bʌt]no buts: come here at once! — no hay pero que valga, ven aquí inmediatamente!
1. CONJ1) (contrasting) peroI want to go but I can't afford it — quiero ir, pero no tengo el dinero
but it does move! — ¡pero sí se mueve!
2) (in direct contradiction) sino•
he's not Spanish but Italian — no es español sino italiano•
we never go out but it rains — nunca salimos sin que llueva4) (as linker)•
but then he couldn't have known — por otro lado, no podía saber or haberlo sabidobut then you must be my cousin! — ¡entonces tú debes ser mi primo!
2.ADV (=only) solo, sólo, solamente; (=no more than) no más queIn the past the standard spelling for solo as an adverb was with an accent (sólo). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented form is only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjective solo.
if I could but speak to him — si solamente or solo pudiese hablar con él
•
you can but try — con intentar no se pierde nada•
all but naked — casi desnudo•
had I but known — de haberlo sabido (yo), si lo hubiera sabido3.PREP (=except) menos, excepto, salvo•
anything but that — cualquier cosa menos eso•
everyone but him — todos menos él•
but for you — si no fuera por ti•
the last but one — el/la penúltimo(-a)•
there is nothing for it but to pay up — no hay más remedio que pagar•
who but she could have said something like that? — ¿quién sino ella podría haber dicho semejante cosa?4.N pero m, objeción f•
no buts about it! — ¡no hay pero que valga!BUT There are three main ways of translating the conjunction but: pero, sino and sino que.come on, no buts, off to bed with you! — ¡vale ya! no hay pero que valga, ¡a la cama!
Contrasting
► To introduce a contrast or a new idea, use pero:
Strange but interesting Extraño pero interesante
I thought he would help me but he refused Creí que me ayudaría, pero se negó ► In informal language, pero can be used at the start of a comment:
But where are you going to put it? Pero ¿dónde lo vas a poner? NOTE: In formal language, s in embargo or no obstante may be preferred:
But, in spite of the likely benefits, he still opposed the idea Sin embargo or No obstante, a pesar de las probables ventajas, todavía se oponía a la idea
Correcting a previous negative
► When but or but rather introduces a noun phrase, prepositional phrase or verb in the infinitive which corrects a previous negative, translate but using sino:
Not wine, but vinegar No vino, sino vinagre
They aren't from Seville, but from Bilbao No son de Sevilla, sino de Bilbao
His trip to London was not to investigate the case but to hush it up Su viaje a Londres no fue para investigar el caso sino para taparlo ► When but or but rather introduces a verb clause (or requires a verb clause in Spanish) which corrects a previous negative, translate using sino que:
He's not asking you to do what he says but (rather) to listen to him No te pide que hagas lo que él dice, sino que le escuches
Not only... but also
► When the but also part of this construction contains ((subject)) + ((verb)), translate using no solo or no sólo or no solamente... sino que también or sino que además:
It will not only cause tension, but it will also damage the economy No solo or No sólo or No solamente provocará tensiones, sino que además or sino que también dañará la economía ► When the but also part does not contain ((subject)) + ((verb)), translate using no solo or no sólo or no solamente... sino también or sino además:
Not only rich but also powerful No solo or No sólo or No solamente rico sino también or sino además poderoso
We don't only want to negotiate but also to take decisions No queremos solo or sóloor solamente negociar, sino también tomar decisiones For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I [bʌt], weak form [bət]1)a) ( however) peroshe was fired, but they were not — la despidieron a ella pero no a ellos
everybody, but everybody knows that — eso no hay nadie que no lo sepa
you're really bugging me but good! — (AmE colloq) qué manera de darme la lata! (fam)
b) ( used for introductory emphasis) perobut what made you say it? — ¿pero por qué lo dijiste?
surely he doesn't believe that? - oh, but he does! — no puede ser que se crea eso - pues sí que se lo cree
c)but then — (as linker) (however, still) pero; ( in that case) pero entonces
but then you never were very ambitious, were you? — pero la verdad es que tú nunca fuiste muy ambicioso ¿no?
I don't want to, but then again I do — no quiero, pero a la vez or al mismo tiempo sí quiero
2)not... but... — no... sino...
it appears that she's not Greek but Albanian — parece que no es griega, sino albanesa
not only did she hit him, but she also... — no sólo le pegó, sino que también...
II
a) ( except)everyone but me — todos menos or excepto or salvo yo
the next street but one — la próxima calle no: la siguiente
there's nothing we can do but wait — no podemos hacer otra cosa sino esperar, lo único que podemos hacer es esperar
b)but for: but for them, we'd have lost everything — de no haber sido or si no hubiera sido por ellos, habríamos perdido todo
III
adverb (frml)
IV [bʌt]noun pero mno buts: come here at once! — no hay pero que valga, ven aquí inmediatamente!
См. также в других словарях:
clause — [klɔːz ǁ klɒːz] noun [countable] LAW COMMERCE a part of a written law, contract, or legal document that deals with a particular item or subject: • Clause 12 enables the Secretary of State to make orders to protect pension rights. asˈsignment… … Financial and business terms
Clause IV — historically refers to part of the 1918 text of the British Labour Party constitution which set out the aims and values of the party. Before its revision in 1995, its application was the subject of considerable dispute. Contents 1 Text 2… … Wikipedia
clause — / klȯz/ n: a distinct section of a writing; specif: a distinct article, stipulation, or proviso in a formal document a no strike clause in the collective bargaining agreement claus·al / klȯ zəl/ adj Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam… … Law dictionary
clause — [ kloz ] n. f. • XIIIe; « vers, rime » 1190; bas lat. clausa, de claudere « clore », lat. class. clausula ♦ Disposition particulière d un acte. ⇒ condition, convention, disposition. Les clauses d un contrat, d une loi, d un traité. Respecter,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Clause De La Nation La Plus Favorisée — La clause de la nation la plus favorisée est une clause fréquente des traités de commerce international. Une nation (A) offrant la clause de la nation la plus favorisée à la nation (B) s engage, sur la gamme de marchandises concernées par le… … Wikipédia en Français
Clause de la nation la plus favorisee — Clause de la nation la plus favorisée La clause de la nation la plus favorisée est une clause fréquente des traités de commerce international. Une nation (A) offrant la clause de la nation la plus favorisée à la nation (B) s engage, sur la gamme… … Wikipédia en Français
Clause-by-clause consideration — is the consideration of a bill (a legislative proposal) on an in depth basis, considering each clause in a separate division of debate. This phase of consideration is generally seen to be the most scrutinous and technical in nature. Clause by… … Wikipedia
Clause Léonine — En droit des sociétés, la clause léonine est une clause qui prive un associé de tout droit aux profits de la société ou qui, au contraire, lui attribue la totalité des profits, ou bien encore qui met à sa charge la totalité des pertes ou l… … Wikipédia en Français
Clause leonine — Clause léonine En droit des sociétés, la clause léonine est une clause qui prive un associé de tout droit aux profits de la société ou qui, au contraire, lui attribue la totalité des profits, ou bien encore qui met à sa charge la totalité des… … Wikipédia en Français
clause — [klôz] n. [OFr < ML clausa, for L clausula, a closing (in legal use, section or clause) < clausus, pp. of claudere, to CLOSE2] 1. Gram. a group of words containing a subject and a finite verb, usually forming part of a compound or complex… … English World dictionary
clause — W2S3 [klo:z US klo:z] n [Date: 1200 1300; : Old French; Origin: Medieval Latin clausa end of a sentence , from Latin claudere; CLOSE1] 1.) a part of a written law or legal document covering a particular subject of the whole law or document ▪ A… … Dictionary of contemporary English
