-
21 indirekt
indirekt, qui, quae, quod circuitione quādam (od. per ambages) fit. – ind. Rede, oratio obliqua (Ggstz. oratia directa). – Adv. (= auf indirekte Weise) circuitione quādam; per ambages.
-
22 косвенная речь
adj1) gener. abhängige Rede2) lat. Oratio obliqua3) gram. berichtende Rede, die abhängige Rede, indirekte Rede -
23 contio
cōntio, ōnis, f. (zsgz. aus *coventio; S. C. de Bacch. noch coventionid), die Zusammenkunft = die Versammlung der Gemeinde, sowohl der durch Heroldsruf von einem Magistrate berufenen Stadtgemeinde, um einen Vortrag anzuhören (in Rom zB. Empfehlung oder Widerratung eines Gesetzvorschlags [über den dann in den nächsten Komitien nach Tribus oder Zenturien abgestimmt wurde], Verlesung eingegangener Kriegsberichte u. dgl.), die Volksversammlung, als auch der durch ein Signal mit der Tuba vom Feldherrn entbotenen Soldatengemeinde im Lager, um eine Rede an sie zu halten, Belobigungen, Belohnungen u. Strafen zu erteilen u. dgl., die Soldatenversammlung, I) eig.: contio populi, Nep.: c. conventusque civium, Cic. – c. universa, Curt.: extrema, die ganz hinten in der Vers. Stehenden (Ggstz. qui proximi tribunali steterant), Liv. u. Suet. – diurna (Ggstz. c. nocturna), Liv.: legitima, Cic., od. legitime ab consule vocata, Liv.: togata et urbana, Liv.: turbulenta, Cic.: contiones civium seditiosae, Val. Max.: contiones seditiose concitatae, Cic. – clamor contionis, Cic. (vgl. clamor est totā contione ortus, Liv.): fremitus contionum od. concitatarum contionum, Quint. u. Val. Max.: illi fluctus contionum, Quint. – contionem vocare, Tac., od. advocare, Cic. u. Liv.: classico contionem advocare,————Liv.: advocare contionem populi od. militum, Sall. u. Caes.: vocare od. advocare ad contionem (absol.), Liv.: vocare plebem od. exercitum ad contionem, Liv. u. Curt.: advocare populum in contionem, Liv.: convocare milites ad contionem, Suet.: convocare classico contionem, Sen.: convocare classico ad contionem (absol.), Liv.: me in vestram contionem convocaverunt, Cic. – contionem indicere subito, Val. Max. – contionem habere, Cic.: contionem Locrensium habere, Liv.: contionem habere maximam, Cic.: contionem habere de alqo, Cic. – contionem dimittere, Liv.: contionem summovere, Cic. – contionem differre, Liv.: contionem remittere (erlassen, auf sie verzichten), Liv.: novis semper certaminibus contiones turbare, Liv. – dare alci contionem, gewähren, verschaffen (vom Magistrate, der für jmd. eine V. veranstaltet), Cic. – producere alqm in contionem, jmd. in die V. einführen (damit er vor dem Volke seine Meinung abgebe od. ein Zeugnis ablege), Cic. u. Liv.: subducere in contionem alqm (v. Angeklagten), Liv.: procedere in contionem (v. den Konsuln), Liv.: prodire in contionem, Liv., in contionem populi, Nep.; vgl. in meam contionem (in die von mir berufene V.) prodeant, Cic.: ire od. adire ad contionem, Liv. u. Cic.: ex curia in contionem itur, Liv.: in contionem prosilire, Liv. – in contionem ascendere od. escendere, in die V. und zwar auf die Rednerbühne treten, in————der V. (als Redner) auftreten, Liv. – contiones suas frequentare legibus agrariis, zu ihren V. viele Menschen herbeiziehen durch Ankündigung von A., Liv. – alqd in contione dicere, Cic.: litteras in contione recitare, Cic.: vel in contione legi posse (in einer öffentlichen V., öffentlich, vor jedermann), Cic.: in contione indicare m. folg. Akk. u. Infin., Curt.: in contione donare alqm, Cic.: in contione militum civitate donare alqm, Val. Max. – pro contione (vor der V., vor dem versammelten Volke od. vor dem versammelten Heere, s. Heräus Tac. hist. 4, 24, 16), zB. pro contione dicere, Auct. b. Afr.: so auch pro contione suadere ac dissuadere, Quint.: litteras od. epistulas pro contione recitare, Curt. u. Tac.: alqm pro contione donare atque laudare, Sall. – dagegen stabant pro contione (in der Weise einer V., als V.) legiones destrictis gladiis, Tac. ann. 1, 44. – legationes in contionis modum circumfusae, Liv.: cum circumfusa turba esset prope in contionis modum,... ait, Liv.II) meton., der vor dem versammelten Volke oder Heere gehaltene Vortrag, der Vortrag-, die Rede-, die Anrede (Ansprache) ans Volk od. ans Heer, contio libera et moderata, Liv.: c. saeva atque acerba, Liv.: contiones turbulentae Metelli, temerariae Appii, furiosissimae Publii, Cic.: c. funebris, Leichenrede, Cic. u. Quint.: contiones directae (Ggstz. oratio obliqua), Iustin. – m. contra u. Akk., haec contra Anto-————nium c., Cic. ad Att. 14, 20, 4: in contione contra Catilinam, Quint. 5, 11, 42. – primae contioni alcis interesse, Val. Max.: alcis contionem legisse, Cic.: contionem habere, Cic.: contionem (od. contionem saevam atque acerbam) apud milites habere, Caes. u. Liv.: habere contiones in Caesarem graves. Caes.: contionem habere super ea re, Suet.: de mea salute principum civitatis celeberrimae et gratissimae contiones fuerunt, Cic.: dicere contra contionem Metelli, Quint. – u. (im Ggstz.) in contionibus eadem, quae in orationibus (gerichtl. Reden) vis est, Plin. ep.: ille contionibus (Volksreden), hic sermonibus (Gesprächen) melior, Quint. – ⇒ contio, nicht concio ist die Schreibung der Inschriften u. der besten Handschriften, dh. in fast alle neueren Texte aufgenommen, s. Fleckeisen, Fünfzig Artikel S. 14. -
24 dum
dum (wie alle Zeitadv. auf um [wie cum, tum] das Neutrum eines verloren gegangenen Pronomens), I) Adv., eig. = für jetzt, enklitisch mit andern Wörtern verbunden als: a) mit den Wörtern non, nullus, haud, vix etc., deutsch: noch, nondum, noch nicht, Cic.: so auch necdum, Liv., od. nequedum, Cic.: neque dum satis, noch nicht genug, Cic. fr.: nullusdum, nulladum etc., noch keiner usw., Liv.: vixdum, kaum noch, Cic.: nihildum, noch nichts, Cic. u. Liv.: aber nedum (sc. dicam, eig. um noch nicht zu sagen), geschweige denn, Cic. – b) mit dem Imperat., nun, doch noch, age dum, Cic.: agite dum, Liv.: ades dum, bleib für jetzt (doch noch) da, Ter.: itera dum, Cic.: dic dum, Ter.: facito dum, Ter.: so auch ehodum, höre doch, Ter. – c) mit qui, wie, qui dum? wieso? Ter. – d) mit primum, nun, primum dum, Plaut. – II) Coni.: 1) in-, während der Zeit daß, während, indes, indem, zur Angabe der Gleichzeitigkeit zweier Handlungen oder des Eintretens einer Handlung während der Dauer einer andern, gew. mit dem Indikativ; in der oratio obliqua u. in Absichtssätzen mit dem Konjunktiv, Cic. u.a. – 2) so lange als, zur Angabe, daß die Dauer der einen Handlung an die Dauer der andern geknüpft sei, mit dem Indikativ; in Absichtssätzen mit dem Konjunktiv, Cic. u.a.: tam diu, dum, Cic.: dum... tantisper, Ter. – 3) so lange————bis, bis daß, bis, zur Angabe, daß die Handlung des Hauptsatzes dauere bis zum Eintreten der Handlung im Nebensatze, mit dem Indikativ; aber bei Angabe, daß das Ziel ein erstrebtes, gewolltes, bloß als möglich gedachtes, übh. als unbestimmte Zukunft erscheint, mit dem Konjunktiv, Cic. u.a.; dah. dum... dum, so lange... so lange (= wie lange...so lange, s. Quint. 9, 3, 16), Acc. tr. 395 sq. Plaut. truc. 231. Catull. 62, 45 u. 56; vgl. Schömann Cic. de nat. deor. 2, 89. – 4) insoweit, insofern, wenn oder wofern nur, zur Beschränkung in Bedingungssätzen, mit dem Konjunktiv, Ter., Sall., Cic. u.a.: verstärkt dummodo, Cic. u.a.: auch getrennt dum potiar modo Ter. – ebenso auch dumne, dum... ne, wenn nur nicht, Komik. u. Cic.; verstärkt dummodo ne, Cic. -
25 ni
nī, Adv. u. Coni., I) altert. = ne, neben dem Imperativ u. Konjunktiv zur Angabe eines Verbotes od. einer Absicht, nicht, daß nicht (vgl. Ritschl opusc. 2, 622 ff. Lachm. Lucr. 2, 734), ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas, Plaut.: caveto ni quam materiem doles, Cato fr.: homines moneo, ni qui diffidat sibi, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9, 3128 = Carm. epigr. 184: monent... ni teneant currus, Verg.: quā (lege) quondam edictā flemus uterque diu, ni nos divideret, Prop. – dah. quid ni (quidni)? wie nicht? warum nicht? α) in der Antwort auf eine Frage, ergo tu iubes tollam? quidni? Plaut. β) zur Bekräftigung nach einer Behauptung, erat illarum partium: quidni? Cic.: bei Späteren auch mit non verb., quidni non timeat, qui mori sperat? gewiß fürchtet, Sen. γ) ironisch, warum nicht gar? Cic. u.a. – II) = nisi, wo nicht, wofern nicht, wenn nicht, ni tua custodis, avidus iam haec auferet heres, Hor.: plures cecĭdissent, ni nox proelio intervenisset, Liv.: sponsionem fecisset, ni vir bonus esset, Cic. – u. so in nachdrücklichen Behauptungen, perii hercle hodie, ni hunc a te abigo, Plaut.: quod ni ita se haberet, nec iustitiae ullus esset nec bonitati locus, Cic. – in Drohungen, excidium minitans, ni causam suam dissociarent, Tac.: regna ipsa Latini, ni... fatentur, eruam, Verg. – bei Beteuerungen u. Verwünschungen, moriar, ni puto, Cic. – in der Formel mirum ni,————ich sollte mich wundern, wenn nicht, mirum ni cantem, ich soll wohl gar singen, Nov. com. fr.: mirum ni domi est, ich müßte mich sehr irren, wenn er nicht zu Hause wäre, er ist sicherlich zu Hause, Ter. – in der parenth. Formel ni fallor, Ov. fast. 4, 623. Sen. ep. 14, 3 u. Spät. – arch. Nbf. nei, Plaut. Poen. 865. Catull. 6, 2 u. 14; 14, 1. – ni... nive (oder wenn nicht), Plaut. rud. 1381. – si... nive... nive, Plaut. rud. 714 sq. – sive... nive, Cic. Caecin. 65 (vgl. Iordan Prolegg. p. 41, wo auch p. 39 sq. gegen Rost u. Huschke gezeigt wird, daß ni bei Sponsionen usw. nur dann üblich ist, wenn sie in der oratio obliqua aufgeführt werden): u. so per istud philosophiae sive nive, Sen. ep. 48, 10. -
26 quia
quia, Coni. (das alte Neutr. Plur. v. qui, eig. in bezug auf welche Dinge), weil, zur Angabe einer bestimmten Ursache od. auch eines Beweggrundes (vgl. quod u. quoniam), häufig in Wechselbeziehung auf die Partikeln ideo, idcirco, propterea etc. im Hauptsatze, partim ideo fortes in decernendo non erunt, quia nihil timebant, partim quia timebant, Cic.: quia mutari natura non potest, idcirco verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt, Cic.: diligi iucundum est propterea, quia tutiorem vitam efficit, Cic.: quia scripseras te proficisci cogitare, eo te haerere censebam, Cic.: ob hoc, quia parum dignitatis in legatione erat, negaverunt pacem, Liv. – in der oratio obliqua beim Acc. u. Infin., Liv. 26, 27, 12. – verb.: a) quiane, in der Frage, etwa weil? quiane iuvat ante levatos? Verg. Aen. 4, 538: quiane te voco, bene ut tibi sit? Plaut. Pers. 851. – b) quianam, altertümlich = cur, in der Frage, weswegen? warum? heu, quianam tanti cinxerunt aethera nimbi? Verg. Aen. 5, 13: ebenso Enn. ann. 127 u. 259. Verg. Aen. 10, 6 u.a. – c) quia enim, weil ja, Plaut. Amph. 666 u.a. (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 881). Ter. heaut. 188. – ⇒ quia dem Verbum des Satzes nachgestellt, Hor. sat. 1, 9, 51. -
27 μή
A mā´, Arm. mi [from I.-E. mē´], negative used in prohibitions):— not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,1 with [tense] pres. imper., 2 pers.,μή μ' ἐρέθιζε Il.1.32
, al.; 3 pers.,μή μευ πειράτω 9.345
, etc.: rarely with [tense] aor. imper.,μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ 4.410
, cf. Od.24.248; in [dialect] Att.,μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870
; 3 pers.,μή τις ἀκουσάτω Od.16.301
, cf. Pi.O.8.55, P.5.23, A.Th. 1041, S.Aj. 1180;μηδεὶς νομισάτω, προσδοκησάτω X.Cyr.7.5.73
, Pl.Ap. 17c: with [tense] pf. imper. 3 pers.,μή τις ὀπίσσω τετράφθω Il.12.272
; or 2 pers. when [tense] pf. = [tense] pres.,μὴ κεκράγετε Ar. V. 415
.2 with subj. (usu. 2 pers. of [tense] aor.), in prohibitions,μὴ δή με.. ἐάσῃς Il.5.684
, cf. A.Pr. 583 (lyr.), al.; μή τοί με κρύψῃς τοῦτο ib. 625, cf. S.Ph. 470;μὴ φθονήσῃς Pl.Prt. 320c
: coupled with [tense] pres. imper.,μὴ βοηθήσητε τῷ πεπονθότι δεινά, μὴ εὐορκεῖτε D.21.211
; 3 pers.,μὴ.. γένηται Il.4.37
, cf. Od.22.213;μὴ ματεύσῃ θεὸς γενέσθαι Pi.O.5.24
: rarely, if ever, with 2 pers. [tense] pres. subj., (leg. κάμῃς); 3 pers., μή τις οἴηται, = μὴ οἰώμεθα, Pl.Lg. 861e: also with the hortative subj. used to supply the 1 pers. of the imper., [tense] pres. μὴ ἴομεν ([etym.] ἴωμεν) Il.12.216, etc.;μὴ διώκωμεν Hdt.8.109
, etc.: [tense] aor.μὴ πάθωμεν X.Cyr.1.5.11
, etc.: rarely with [ per.] 1sg.,μή σε.. κιχείω Il.1.26
, cf. 21.475, 22.123, S.OC 174 (anap.).b with [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj. in a warning or statement of fear, μὴ.. γένησθε take care you do not become, Il.5.487; μὴ.. ὑφαίνῃσιν I fear.. may prove to be weaving, Od.5.356; : in [dialect] Att. Prose, to make a polite suggestion of apprehension or hesitation, perhaps, , cf. Tht. 188d, Arist.Pol. 1291a8, al.: in later Greek the ind. is found,μὴ ἡ ἔννοια ἡμῶν.. ἀντιλαμβάνεται Dam.Pr.27
.3 with [tense] fut. ind., a dub. usage ( νεμεσήσετ ' is subj. in Il.15.115),μηδεμίαν ἄδειαν δώσετε Lys.29.13
; μὴ βουλήσεσθε (Pap. βούλη[σθ]ε) D.23.117; cf.μαλακὸν ἐνδώσετε μηδέν Ar.Pl. 488
.4 with past tenses of ind. to express an unfulfilled wish,μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι Il.9.698
, cf. Od. 11.548; ;εἴθε μή ποτ' εἰδόμαν Id.OT 1217
(lyr.), cf. E.IA70, Cyc. 186, X.Cyr.4.6.3.5 with opt. to express a negative wish, with [tense] pres.,ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426
, cf. Eu. 938 (lyr.): more freq. with [tense] aor.,μὴ σέ γ' ἐν ἀμφιάλῳ Ἰθάκῃ βασιλῆα Κρονίων ποιήσειεν Od.1.386
, cf. 403, 11.613.6 in oaths and asseverations,ἴστω Ζεὺς.., μὴ μὲν τοῖς ἵπποισιν ἀνὴρ ἐποχήσεται ἄλλος Il.10.330
;ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα.., μὴ.. Ποσειδάων.. πημαίνει Τρῶας 15.41
;μὰ τὴν Ἀφροδίτην.., μὴ ἐγώ σ' ἀφήσω Ar.Ec. 1000
, cf. Av. 195, Lys. 917.7 c. inf., when used as imper.,μὴ δή μοι ἀπόπροθεν ἰσχέμεν ἵππους Il.17.501
;μὴ πρὶν ἐπ' ἠέλιον δῦναι 2.413
;οἷς μὴ πελάζειν A.Pr. 712
.8 freq. without a Verb, εἰ χρή, θανοῦμαι. Answ. μὴ σύ γε (sc. θάνῃς) S.OC 1441; ἄπελθε νῦν. Answ. μὴ (sc. γενέσθω) ἀλλά nay but, Ar.Ach. 458; in curt expressions, μὴ τριβὰς ἔτι (sc. ποιεῖσθε) S.Ant. 577; μή μοι σύ none of that to me! E.Med. 964; μή μοι πρόφασιν no excuses! Ar.Ach. 345;μή μοί γε μύθους Id.V. 1179
.B in DEPENDENT clauses:1 with Final Conjs.,ἵνα μή Il.19.348
, etc.;ὅπως μή D.27.5
,al.;ὡς μή Il.8.37
, A.Pr.53,al.;ὄφρα μή Il. 1.118
,al.: with ὅπως ἄν and ὡς ἄν, that so,ὅπως ἂν.. μηδέ Ar.V. 178
, Pl.Grg. 481a;ὡς ἂν μή Od.4.749
, Hdt.1.5; butb μή alone, = ἵνα μή, lest,ἀπόστιχε μή τινοήσῃ Ἥρη Il.1.522
, cf. 587;λίσσεσθαι.., μή οἱ.. χολώσαιτο φρένα κούρη Od.6.147
: [tense] fut. ind. and [tense] aor. subj. in consecutive clauses, Ar.Ec. 495 (lyr., dub.l.).2 in the protasis of conditional sentences, v. εἰ (for the exceptions v. οὐ), and with temporal conjunctions used conditionally, v. ἐπειδάν, ὅταν, ὅτε, etc.b ὅτι μή except,ὅτι μὴ Χῖοι μοῦνοι Hdt.1.18
, cf. Th.4.26;ὅτι μὴ πᾶσα ἀνάγκη Pl.Phd. 67a
; ὅσον μή ib. 83a; ὅσα μὴ ἀποβαίνοντες provided only that they did not disembark, Th.4.16.3 in later Gr., with causal Conjs.,ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν Ev.Jo.3.18
, cf. Luc.DMort.21.2, D Deor.2.1;ἐπεὶ μή Id.Hist.Conscr.3
, etc.: also after ὅτι and ὡς that, , cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.29, DDeor.20.10.4 in relat. clauses, which imply a condition or generality, ὃς δὲ μὴ εἶδέ κω τὴν κανναβίδα whoever.., Hdt.4.74; ὃ μὴ κελεύσει (fort. κελεύσαι) Ζεύς such a thing as.., A.Eu. 618, cf. 661, 899; λέγονθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ such things as one ought not, S.Ph. 583; ; : freq. with subj.,ᾧ μὴ ἄλλοι ἀοσσητῆρες ἔωσιν Od.4.165
, al.: with ἄν, S.OT 281: with opt.,ἃ μὴ σαφῶς εἰδείη X.Cyr.1.6.19
, etc.: less freq. with opt. and ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 20a, Lg. 839a; γένοιτο δ' ἂν ἐν ᾗ μή τι ἂν προσδοκήσειεν χώρᾳ ib. 872d.5 c. inf.,a regularlyfrom Homer on, exc. after Verbs of saying and thinking (but v. infr. c): after ὥστε orὡς, ὥστε μὴ φρονεῖν A.Pers. 725
(troch.), etc. (for exceptions v. οὐ): always when the inf. takes the Art.,τὸ μὴ προμαθεῖν Pi.O.8.60
;τὸ μὴ ἀμελεῖν μάθε A. Eu.86
, cf. 749, Pr. 624; .b by an apparent pleonasm after Verbs of negative result signifying to forbid, deny, and the like ,ὁ δ' ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέσθαι Il.18.500
(without μή ib. 450);ἀντιδικεῖν Lys.6.12
([etym.] μηδέν); ἀντιλέγειν Th.5.49
, Is.4.15 ([etym.] μηδέ); ἀπαγορεύειν Antipho 5.34
, And.4.9; , D.33.19, etc.; ; , al. (withoutμή S.Aj.70
);ἀπιστεῖν Th.4.40
;ἀπεγνωκέναι Lys.1.34
;ἀποστερεῖσθαι Antipho 2.4.1
([etym.] μηδέ); ἀποτρέπεσθαι Id.5.32
([etym.] μηδέν) ; ἀρνεῖσθαι, ἔξαρνος εἶναι, Ar.Eq. 572, Hdt.3.67;ἐναντιωθῆναι Pl.Ap. 32b
;σχεῖν Hdt.1.158
; παύειν (where the part. is more freq.) Ar.Ach. 634; ;ἐπάρατον ἦν μὴ οἰκεῖν Th.2.17
: in these cases the Art. freq. precedesμή, τὸ δὲ μὴ λεηλατῆσαι.. ἔσχε τόδε Hdt.5.101
; ἐξομῇ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι; S.Ant. 535; εἴργειν τὸ μή .. Th.3.1, etc.; also (lyr.): with Art. in gen., ἔχειν τοῦ μή .. X.An.3.5.71; ἐμποδὼν γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μή .. Id.Cyr.2.4.23.c after Verbs of saying and thinking which involve an action of will, as in those signifying to swear, aver, believe, and the like ; so after ὄμνυμι, Il.9.133, Od.5.179, Hdt.1.165, 2.179, Ar.V. 1047, etc.;μαρτυρῶ Lys.7.11
, D.45.15, etc.; , Smp. 202b, cf. Phd. 93d, etc.;ἐγγυῶμαι Pi.O.11(10).18
, Pl.Prt. 336d; , etc.;πιστεύω And.1.2
, X.An.1.9.8, etc.: occasionally with other Verbs,φημί Id.Mem.1.2.39
, Pl.Tht. 155a; λέγω, προλέγω, Th. 5.49, 1.139; πάντες ἐροῦσι μή .. X. Cyr.7.1.18; νομίζω ib.7.5.59, Th.6.102; : very freq. in later Gr., Ev.Matt.2.12, Luc. Peregr.44, etc.6 with the part., when it can be resolved into a conditional clause, μὴ ἐνείκας, = εἰ μὴ ἤνεικε, Hdt.4.64; μὴ θέλων, = εἰ μὴ θέλεις, A.Pr. 504; μὴ δολώσαντος θεοῦ, = εἰ μὴ ἐδόλωσε, Id.Ag. 273; μὴ δρῶν, = εἰ μὴ δρῴην, S.OT77, etc.: in a general or characteristic sense, δίδασκέ με ὡς μὴ εἰδότα, = ut qui nihil sciam, Id.OC 1155, cf. Ant. 1063, 1064; τίς πρὸς ἀνδρὸς μὴ βλέποντος ἄρκεσις; one who sees not, Id.OC73: in this signf. freq. with the Art.,ὁ μὴ λεύσσων Id.Tr. 828
(lyr.);ὁ μὴ δουλεύσας Pl.Lg. 762e
;τῷ μὴ εἰργασμένῳ Antipho 5.65
;τὸν.. μὴ φροντίσαντα Lycurg.27
, cf. 45, etc.: with causal significance,μὴ παρὼν θαυμάζεται S.OT 289
, etc.;ἄθλια πάσχω μὴ.. μόνον βιαζόμενος Antipho 2.2.4
; ;μηδενὸς ἐμποδὼν ὄντος D.3.8
: very freq. in later Greek, POxy.38.16 (i A.D.), Luc.DMeretr.12.4, etc.: occasionally after Verbs of knowing and showing, S.Ph.79, OC 656, 797, 1122, E.Tr. 970, Th.1.76, 2.17.7 with Substs., Adjs., and Advbs. used generically, with or without Art.,τὰ μὴ δίκαια A.Eu. 432
;δίκαια καὶ μὴ δίκαια Id.Ch.78
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ 'νδικον S.OT 682
(lyr.);τὸ μὴ καλόν Id.Ant. 370
(lyr.); ἡ μὴ 'μπειρία, = τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ἐμπειρίαν, want of experience, Ar.Ec. 115;ἡ μὴ ἐπιτροπή Pl.Lg. 966c
; δῆμον καὶ μὴ δῆμον ib. 759b;ὁ μὴ ἰατρός Id.Grg. 459b
;νίκης μὴ κακῆς A.Eu. 903
, cf. Th. 411;τῷ φρονοῦντι μὴ καλῶς Id.Pr. 1012
, cf. Ag. 349, 927.8 after Verbs expressing fear or apprehension (cf. μὴ οὐ):a when the thing feared is [tense] fut., mostly with subj.: with [tense] pres. subj., δεινῶς ἀθυμῶ μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ shall proveto be.., S.OT 747, cf.Ant. 1113;ὅρα μὴ κυβεύῃς Pl.Prt. 314a
: more freq. with [tense] aor.,δείδοικα.. μή σε παρείπῃ Il. 1.555
, cf. 9.244, 13.745: with [tense] pf., shall prove to have been, , cf. Ph. 494, Hdt.3.119,4.140, etc.: less freq. with [tense] fut. ind., X.Cyr.2.3.6, Ar.Ec. 488, Pl.Phlb. 13a: with opt. according to the sequence of moods and tenses: [tense] pres. opt., S. Tr. 482, X.An.1.10.9: [tense] aor., Od.11.634, etc.: [tense] pf., X.Cyr.1.3.10: with [tense] fut. opt. in oratio obliqua, Id.HG6.4.27, Mem.1.2.7, Pl.Euthphr. 15d: with opt. and ἄν, S.Tr. 631, X.vect.4.41.b when the action is [tense] pres. or past, the ind. is used, , cf. E. Ion 1523, Ar.Nu. 493, Pl.La. 196c;ὅρα μὴ παίζων ἔλεγεν Id.Tht. 145b
, cf. E.Hel. 119; , cf. E.Or. 209, Pl.Ly. 218d;δείδω μὴ δὴ πάντα θεὰ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od. 5.300
.c with ind. and subj. in consecutive clauses, E.Ph.93.C in QUESTIONS:I direct questions,1 with ind., where aneg. answer is anticipated (but more generally in A.Ag. 683 (lyr.), S.OC 1502, Tr. 316, Pl.Grg. 488b), in Hom. only ἦ μή .. ; Od.6.200, 9.405; μή σοι δοκοῦμεν .. ; A.Pers. 344, cf. Pr. 249, 959, etc.: in Trag. and [dialect] Att. freq. ἆρα μή; Id.Th. 208, S.El. 446, Pl.R. 405a: for questions in which μή ([etym.] μηδέ ) follows οὐ, v. οὐ μή.b in other questions, τί μὴ ποιήσω; what am I not to do? S.El. 1276 (lyr.); τί μή; why not? Id.Aj. 668 (s.v.l.); cf. μήν2 with subj., when the speaker deliberates about a neg. action, μὴ οὕτω φῶμεν; Pl.R. 335c, cf. 337b, 417b; ὁ τοιοῦτος μὴ δῷ δίκην; D.21.35; πῶς μὴ φῶμεν; Pl.Tht. 161e: with opt. and ἄν, πῶς ἄν τις μὴ θυμῷ λέγοι; how can a man help being excited when he speaks? Id.Lg. 887c, cf. Grg. 510d, X. Mem.3.1.10.II indirect questions, freq. with Verbs implying fear and apprehension (cf. B. 8),ὄφρα ἴδωμεν μὴ τοὶ κοιμήσωνται Il.10.98
, cf. 101, Od.21.395;περισκοπῶ μή πού τις.. ἐγχρίμπτει S.El. 898
, cf. Th.2.13, etc.; also σκοπεῖσθαι πῶς ἂν μή .. Isoc.5.8, cf. 15.6; later in simple indirect questions,ἐπυνθάνετο μὴ ἔγνω Ant.Lib.23.5
.2 in questions introduced byεἰ, ἤρετό με.. εἰ μὴ μέμνημαι Aeschin.2.36
( εἰ οὐκ in same sense, 1.84): in the second part of a disjunctive question, εἰ.. ἢ (or εἴτε) μή.., εἴτε.. εἴτε μή .., A.Eu. 468, 612, And.1.7, Pl.Ap. 18a, R. 457d, X.Cyr.2.1.7; εἴτε.. εἴτε μή.., εἰ.. ἢ οὔ, εἰ.. ἢ μή without difference of meaning between μή and οὐ, Is.8.9; so also,τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή,.. τοὺς λόγους, εἰ ὀρθῶς διδάσκουσι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ οὔ Antipho 5.14
.D POSITION of μή. When the neg. extends its power over the whole clause, μή prop. precedes the Verb. When its force is limited to single words, it precedes those words. But Poets sts. put μή after the Verb,ὄλοιο μή πω S.Ph. 961
; φράσῃς.. μὴ πέρα ib. 332, cf. OC 1522.E PROSODY: in Trag. μή may be joined by synizesis with a following ει or ου, μὴ οὐ, μὴ εἰδέναι, S.OT13, 221, Tr. 321, etc.: initial ε after μή is cut off by aphaeresis,μὴ 'πὁθουν Id.Aj. 962
;μὴ 'μβαίνῃς Id.OC 400
; : in Prose,μὴ 'κ IG12.115.11
: μή folld. by α is sts. written μἀ .. (v. μὴ ἀλλά, etc.); sts. separately,μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu.85
, etc.F μή in COMPOSITION, or joined with other Particles, as μὴ ἀλλά, μὴ γάρ, μὴ οὐ, μὴ ὅπως or ὅτι, μή ποτε, etc., will be found in alphabetical order. -
28 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------ -
29 obliquus
oblīquus (oblīcus), a, um [st2]1 [-] qui est de côté, qui va de côté, oblique, de biais, de travers; courbé, sinueux. [st2]2 [-] indirect (en parl. de parenté). [st2]3 [-] dirigé de côté. [st2]4 [-] qui regarde de travers, jaloux, envieux, hostile. [st2]5 [-] oblique (en parl. du discours), détourné, (discours) indirect. - ob + racine lic -- cf. licium, licinus -- gr. λέχριος. - obliquus motus, Cic.: mouvement de côté. - obliquum iter: chemin de traverse. - obliqui oculi, Hor.: yeux qui louchent. - obliquo lumine, Ov.: d'un regard d'envie. - obliquum genus, Stat.: enfants illégitimes. - obliquam facere imaginem, Plin.: faire un portrait de profil. - adv. obliquum: de travers. - obliquum intuens, Ammm.: regardant de travers. - adv. obliquo: c. oblique. - ex obliquo ou ab obliquo ou per obliquum ou in obliquum: de travers, de côté. - obliquus casus, Varr.: cas oblique (c. le gén. le dat. et l'abl.). - obliqua oratio: discours indirect.* * *oblīquus (oblīcus), a, um [st2]1 [-] qui est de côté, qui va de côté, oblique, de biais, de travers; courbé, sinueux. [st2]2 [-] indirect (en parl. de parenté). [st2]3 [-] dirigé de côté. [st2]4 [-] qui regarde de travers, jaloux, envieux, hostile. [st2]5 [-] oblique (en parl. du discours), détourné, (discours) indirect. - ob + racine lic -- cf. licium, licinus -- gr. λέχριος. - obliquus motus, Cic.: mouvement de côté. - obliquum iter: chemin de traverse. - obliqui oculi, Hor.: yeux qui louchent. - obliquo lumine, Ov.: d'un regard d'envie. - obliquum genus, Stat.: enfants illégitimes. - obliquam facere imaginem, Plin.: faire un portrait de profil. - adv. obliquum: de travers. - obliquum intuens, Ammm.: regardant de travers. - adv. obliquo: c. oblique. - ex obliquo ou ab obliquo ou per obliquum ou in obliquum: de travers, de côté. - obliquus casus, Varr.: cas oblique (c. le gén. le dat. et l'abl.). - obliqua oratio: discours indirect.* * *Obliquus, pen. prod. Adiectiuum. Cic. Qui va de travers et de costé, Oblique, De bihay.\Lumine obliquo cernere aliquem. Ouid. Regarder de travers.\Obliquis ordinibus in quincuncem dispositis. Caes. Quand un grand nombre d'arbres sont plantez à la ligne par rangees, et en pareille distance les uns des autres, tellement que de quelque costé que ce soit qu'on regarde, on voit droict à travers de bout en bout. -
30 obliquus
oblīquus, a, um1) направленный в сторону, боковой (iter Cs; motus corporis C); косвенный, косой, наносимый сбоку ( ictus H)imago obliqua PM — профиль2) наклонный ( sublĭcae Cs); покатый ( collis L)3) косящийся, завистливый ( invidia V)oculo obliquo aspicere O — смотреть искоса или косо4) кривой, изогнутый, извилистый (ripa, cursus O; fulmen Sen)5) побочный, неединоутробный (genus St; sanguis Lcn)6) иносказательный, двусмысленный (oratio Su; verba Amm)7) грам. относящийся к другому слову, косвенный (casus Vr, Q); непрямой, косвенный (oratio Just; allocutio Q) -
31 obliquus
oblīquus ( oblīcus, v. Orthogr. Vergl. p. 449 Wagner), a, um, adj. [ob and liquus; root lek-; Gr. lechrios, lechris, slantwise (cf.: loxos, Loxias); Lat. licinus, limus, luxus, luxare], sidelong, slanting, awry, oblique (freq. and class.; cf.: transversus, imus).I.Lit.:II.motus corporis, pronus, obliquus, supinus,
Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:hos partim obliquos, partim aversos, partim etiam adversos stare vobis,
on one side of you, sideways, id. Rep. 6, 19, 20:obliquo claudicare pede,
Ov. Am. 2, 17, 20:sublicae,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17:ordines,
id. ib. 7, 73:iter,
id. B. C. 1, 70:obliquam facere imaginem,
a side-likeness, profile, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 90:chordae,
i. e. of the triangular harp, Juv. 3, 64:verris obliquum meditantis ictum Sanguine donare,
Hor. C. 3, 22, 7:obliquo dente timendus aper,
Ov. H. 4, 104:rex aquarum cursibus obliquis fluens,
id. M. 9, 18:radix,
id. ib. 10, 491:obliquo capite speculari,
Plin. 8, 24, 36, § 88:non istic obliquo oculo mea commoda quisquam Limat,
with a sidelong glance, an envious look, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:non obliquis oculis sed circumacto capite cernere,
Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 151:obliquoque notat Proserpina vultu,
Stat. S. 2, 6, 102.— Adverbial phrases: ab obliquo, ex obliquo, per obliquum, in obliquum, obliquum, from the side, sideways, not straight on:ab obliquo,
Ov. R. Am. 121:nec supra ipsum nec infra, sed ex obliquo,
Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:serpens per obliquum similis sagittae Terruit mannos,
Hor. C. 3, 27, 6:cancri in obliquom aspiciunt,
Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 152: obliquum, obliquely, askance:oculis obliquum respiciens,
App. M. 3, p. 140.— Comp.:quia positio signiferi circa media sui obliquior est,
Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188.—Fig.A.Of relationship, not direct, collateral ( poet. and late Lat.):B.obliquum a patre genus,
i. e. not born of the same mother with myself, Stat. Th. 5, 221:obliquo maculat qui sanguine regnum,
by collateral consanguinity, Luc. 8, 286; cf.:tertio gradu veniunt... ex obliquo fratris sororisque filius,
Paul. Sent. 4, 11, 3.—Of speech.1.Indirect, covert:2.obliquis orationibus carpere aliquem,
Suet. Dom. 2:insectatio,
Tac. A. 14, 11:dicta,
Aur. Vict. Epit. 9:verba,
Amm. 15, 5, 4.—In a bad sense, envious, hostile (post-class.):3.Cato adversus potentes semper obliquus,
Flor. 4, 2, 9.—In gram.a.Obliquus casus, an oblique case (i. e. all the cases except the nom. and voc.), opp. rectus:b.alia casus habent et rectos et obliquos,
Varr. L. L. 8, § 49 Müll.—Obliqua oratio, indirect speech: apud historicos reperiuntur obliquae allocutiones, ut in T. Livii primo statim libro (c. 9): urbes quoque, ut cetera, ex infimo nasci;A.deinde, etc.,
Quint. 9, 2, 37:oratio,
Just. 38, 3, 11.— Hence, adv.: oblīquē, sideways, athwart, obliquely.Lit. (class.):B.quae (atomi) recte, quae oblique ferantur,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20:sublicae oblique agebantur,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 9: procedere. Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95:situs signifer,
id. 2, 15, 13, § 63.—Trop., indirectly, covertly (post-Aug.):aliquem castigare,
Tac. A. 3, 35:perstringere aliquem,
id. ib. 5, 2:admonere,
Gell. 3, 2, 16:agere,
id. 7, 17, 4. -
32 Blitz
Blitz, fulgur (der B., insofern er leuchtet, und zwar als einzelne, temporäre Feuererscheinung am Horizont, wofür zuw. auch fulgor caeli u. fulgores sich findet). – fulmen (der B., insofern er trifft u. einschlägt, der Wetterstrahl, wofür auch zuw. fulminis iactus oder ictus steht: auch bildl. = zermalmende Kraft, z. B. fortunae fulmen). – kreuzende, schlängelnde Blitze, obliqua fulmina. – unter B. u. Donner, subsecuto caeli fulgore tonitruque (z. B. apparere): wie der B. (mit der Schnelligkeit, Gewalt des B.), fulminis more: schnell wie der B., s. blitzschnell: den B. betreffend, fulguralis (z. B. Bücher). – Blitze, von Worten, verborum fulmina; *oratio fulgurans ac tonans: heftige Blitze gegen jmd. schleudern, multa contra alqm graviter dicere. – blitzartig, fulminĕus. – blitzblau, lividus.
-
33 Stichelei, Sticheleien
Stichelei, Sticheleien, aculei sermonis, auch bl. aculei (beißende Rede). – oratio od. sententia obliqua (Seitenhieb). – cavillatio (versteckter und neckender Spott). – dicterium (sarkastischer Spott). – facetiae (stichelnde Witzworte, z.B. asperae).
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Oratio obliqua — Ora|tio ob|li|qua 〈[ tsjo ] f.; ; unz.; Gramm.〉 indirekte Rede [<lat. oratio „Rede, Sprache“ + obliqua, Fem. von obliquus „seitlich, schief; verblümt, versteckt“] * * * Oratio obliqua [lateinisch] … Universal-Lexikon
Oratio obliqua — Ora|tio ob|li|qua [ ...kva] die; <aus gleichbed. lat. oratio obliqua, vgl. ↑oblique> svw. ↑indirekte Rede … Das große Fremdwörterbuch
Oratio obliqua — O|ra|tio ob|li|qua auch: O|ra|tio o|bli|qua 〈f.; Gen.: ; Pl.: unz.; Gramm.〉 = indirekte Rede; Ggs.: Oratio recta [Etym.: <lat. oratio »Rede, Sprache« + obliquus »seitlich, schief; verblümt, versteckt«] … Lexikalische Deutsches Wörterbuch
oratio obliqua — noun Latin expression for indirect speech See Also: oratio directa … Wiktionary
oratio obliqua — См. erlebte Rede … Пятиязычный словарь лингвистических терминов
Oratio obliqua — Ora|tio ob|li|qua, die; <lateinisch> (Sprachwissenschaft indirekte Rede) … Die deutsche Rechtschreibung
oratio obliqua — ȯ|räd.ēˌōəˈblēkwə noun Etymology: Latin, indirect speech : discourse that is indirect : a paraphrase rather than an exact quotation … Useful english dictionary
oratio directa — Direct Di*rect , a. [L. directus, p. p. of dirigere to direct: cf. F. direct. See {Dress}, and cf. {Dirge}.] 1. Straight; not crooked, oblique, or circuitous; leading by the short or shortest way to a point or end; as, a direct line; direct means … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Oratio recta — O|ra|tio rẹc|ta 〈f.; Gen.: ; Pl.: unz.; Gramm.〉 = direkte Rede; Ggs.: Oratio obliqua [Etym.: <lat. oratio »Rede, Sprache« + rectus »gerade«] … Lexikalische Deutsches Wörterbuch
oratio directa — noun Latin expression for direct speech See Also: oratio obliqua … Wiktionary
oratio recta — direct speech . ♦ oratio obliqua, indirect speech … Dictionary of difficult words