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1 national
national ['næʃənəl]national;∎ the national newspapers la presse nationale;∎ he became a national hero il est devenu un héros national;∎ the country's national sport le sport national du pays;∎ a source of national pride une source de fierté nationale;∎ the killings caused a national outcry les assassinats ont scandalisé le pays;∎ on a national scale à l'échelle nationale;∎ they won 38 percent of the national vote ils ont remporté 38 pour cent des voix sur l'ensemble du pays;∎ it's not in the national interest ce n'est pas dans l'intérêt du pays2 noun∎ all EU nationals tous les ressortissants des pays de l'Union européenne;∎ Irish nationals ressortissants mpl de la République d'Irlande(b) (newspaper) journal m national►► national accounting comptabilité f nationale;national anthem hymne m national;French Canadian national assembly (in Quebec) Assemblée f nationale;British old-fashioned national assistance assistance f publique;American National Association of Colleges and Universities = association des établissements d'enseignement supérieur américains;British the National Audit Office ≃ la Cour des comptes;national bank = banque agréée par le gouvernement américain et qui doit faire partie du système bancaire fédéral;the National Cancer Institute = organisme américain de recherche sur le cancer;the National Childbirth Trust = organisme d'information et d'éducation des jeunes parents en Grande-Bretagne;Australian national code football m australien;American the National Collegiate Athletic Association = association interuniversitaire traitant des questions sportives;American Politics National Convention = grande réunion du parti démocrate ou républicain pour choisir le "ticket" (candidats à la présidence et à la vice-présidence);national costume costume m national;the National Council for Civil Liberties = en Grande-Bretagne, ligue de défense des droits du citoyen luttant contre toute forme de discrimination;the National Council for Vocational Qualifications = organisme britannique responsable de la formation professionnelle;the National Curriculum = programme introduit en 1988 définissant au niveau national (Angleterre et pays de Galles) le contenu de l'enseignement primaire et secondaire;Finance national debt dette f publique, dette f de l'État;national dress costume m national;the National Endowment for the Arts = organisme américain accordant des bourses à des artistes, des musées ou des compagnies théâtrales;the National Endowment for the Humanities = organisme américain accordant des bourses à des écrivains ou à des chercheurs;the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts = organisme indépendant d'aide financière, à partir de fonds provenant de la Loterie nationale, aux artistes, inventeurs et scientifiques;Press National Enquirer = hebdomadaire américain à sensation;British the National Enterprise Board ≃ Agence f nationale pour le développement industriel;British Politics the National Executive Committee = comité chargé de définir la ligne d'action du parti travailliste;the National Exhibition Centre = centre de conférences et d'expositions à Birmingham (Angleterre);National Express ® = société d'autocars reliant les principales villes de Grande-Bretagne;British National Extension College centre m d'enseignement à distance;the National Farmers' Union = syndicat britannique d'exploitants agricoles;the National Film Theatre = cinémathèque à Londres;the National Foundation of the Arts and Humanities = organisme public américain d'aide à l'action culturelle;the National Front = parti d'extrême droite britannique, ≃ le Front national;the National Gallery la National Gallery (principal musée de peinture du Royaume-Uni, situé à Londres);national government gouvernement m de coalition;Finance National Giro = service britannique de chèques postaux;the National Graphical Association = syndicat britannique d'imprimeurs;national grid British Electricity réseau m national d'électricité; Geography réseau m;the National Guard (in the US) la Garde nationale (armée nationale américaine composée de volontaires);National Guardsman membre m de la Garde nationale;the National Health (Service) = système créé en 1946 en Grande-Bretagne et financé par l'État, assurant la gratuité des soins et des services médicaux, ≃ la Sécurité sociale;∎ to get treatment on the National Health (Service) se faire soigner sous le régime de la Sécurité sociale;British National Health Service glasses = modèle de lunettes remboursé par la Sécurité sociale;National Heritage = organisme ayant pour mission la conservation du patrimoine;national hunt (racing) courses fpl d'obstacles;national income revenu m national;British national insurance = système britannique de sécurité sociale (maladie, retraite) et d'assurance chômage;national insurance contributions cotisations fpl à la Sécurité sociale;national insurance number numéro m de Sécurité sociale;American the National Labor Relations Board = organisme américain de conciliation et d'arbitrage des conflits du travail, ≃ conseil m de prud'hommes;Press National Lampoon = revue satirique américaine;National League = l'une des deux ligues professionnelles de base-ball aux États-Unis;the National Lottery = loterie nationale britannique;the National Liberation Front le Front de libération nationale;the National Maritime Museum = musée de la mer situé à Greenwich;National Missile Defence System projet m NMD (programme de défense antimissiles américain);National Organization for Women = organisation de lutte pour les droits de la femme;national park parc m national;the National Portrait Gallery = musée londonien entièrement consacré aux portraits;National Power = entreprise privée de production d'électricité en Angleterre et au pays de Galles;Finance national product produit m national;National Public Radio = réseau américain de stations de radio libres;national readership survey étude f nationale sur le lectorat;the National Rifle Association = association américaine défendant le droit au port d'armes;British National Savings Bank ≃ Caisse f nationale d'épargne;National Savings certificate bon m de caisse d'épargne;Irish national school école f primaire;American the National Science Foundation = organisme d'aide à la recherche scientifique;national security sécurité f nationale;American Politics National Security Adviser = conseiller du président américain sur les questions de sécurité nationale;Politics the National Security Council le Conseil de sécurité nationale;British national service service m militaire;British national serviceman appelé m, militaire m du contingent;national socialism national-socialisme m;1 nounnational-socialiste mfnational-socialiste;the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children = association britannique de protection de l'enfance;Irish national teacher instituteur(trice) m,f;the National Theatre (in London) = important centre dramatique à Londres, siège de la Royal National Theatre Company;American the National Transportation Safety Board = agence du gouvernement américain chargée des questions de sécurité dans le domaine des transports;British the National Trust = organisme non gouvernemental britannique assurant la conservation de certains paysages et monuments historiques;National Trust property ≃ site m protégé;the National Trust for Scotland = organisme non gouvernemental assurant la conservation de certains paysages et monuments historiques écossais;National Vocational Qualification = diplôme britannique professionnel national;the National Weather Service = les services météorologiques américainsⓘ NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE Le "National Health Service" ou "NHS" fut créé par le gouvernement travailliste en 1946, donnant accès à chacun aux soins médicaux gratuits. Cependant, au cours des années 80, le gouvernement de Margaret Thatcher voulut encourager le public à souscrire des assurances médicales privées, et le "NHS" subit des coupes budgétaires importantes. Au cours de ces dernières années, la polémique autour du "National Health Service" s'est intensifiée. Le "NHS" connaît en effet de nombreuses difficultés. -
2 national
1 noun(person) resortissant(e) m, fnational(e)national accounting comptabilité f nationale; national airline compagnie f aérienne nationale;National Audit Office ≃ Cour f des comptes;national bank = banque agréée par le gouvernement américain et qui doit faire partie du système bancaire fédéral;National Credit Council Conseil m national du crédit;national debt dette f publique;National Enterprise Board ≃ Agence f nationale pour le développement industriel;BANKING National Giro = service britannique de chèques postaux;national government gouvernement m de coalition;British National Health Service = système créé en 1946 en Grande-Bretagne et financé par l'État, assurant la gratuité des soins et des services médicaux, ≃ Sécurité f sociale;∎ to get treatment on the National Health (Service) se faire soigner sous le régime de la Sécurité sociale;national income revenu m national;British National Insurance = système britannique de sécurité sociale (maladie, retraite) et d'assurance chômage;British National Insurance contributions cotisations f pl à la Sécurité sociale;British National Insurance number ≃ numéro de Sécurité sociale;American National Labor Relations Board = organisme américain de conciliation et d'arbitrage des conflits du travail, ≃ conseil de prud'hommes;National Lottery = loterie nationale britannique;national market marché m national;national press presse f nationale;national product produit m national;British National Savings Bank ≃ Caisse f nationale d'épargne;British National Savings Certificate bon m de caisse d'épargne -
3 Oflot
['ɒflɒt]N ABBR (Brit) = Office of the National Lottery organismo regulador de la lotería nacional en Gran Bretaña, ≈ Organismo Nacional de Loterías y Apuestas del Estado, ≈ ONLAE m (Sp) -
4 Oflot
Oflot ['ɒf‚lɒt]( abbreviation Office of the National Lottery) = organisme britannique chargé de contrôler la loterie nationale -
5 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
6 administración
f.1 administration, admin, Management, administration body.2 administration, management.3 administration, dispensing, application, dispensation.* * *1 (gobierno) administration, authorities plural2 (empresa) administration, management3 (cargo) post of administrator, post of manager4 (despacho) administrator's office, manager's office5 (oficina) branch\administración central central governmentadministración de Correos Post Officeadministración de Hacienda tax officeadministración de lotería lottery officeadministración militar commissariatadministración pública public administration* * *noun f.2) management•* * *SF1) (=organización) administration; (=dirección) management, runningobras en administración — books handled by us, books for which we are agents
administración empresarial, administración de empresas — (=curso) business administration, business management
administración pública — civil service, public administration (EEUU)
2) (Pol) government, administration4) Caribe (Rel) extreme unction* * *1) (de empresa, organización) management, running; ( de bienes) management, administration2)a) ( conjunto de personas) managementb) (oficina, departamento) administration3) (Pol) administration4) (Med)está desaconsejada la administración de este fármaco durante el embarazo — the use of this drug during pregnancy is not advised
* * *1) (de empresa, organización) management, running; ( de bienes) management, administration2)a) ( conjunto de personas) managementb) (oficina, departamento) administration3) (Pol) administration4) (Med)está desaconsejada la administración de este fármaco durante el embarazo — the use of this drug during pregnancy is not advised
* * *administración11 = management, running, dispensation, back office.Nota: Usado para referirse a las funciones de administración/gestión de una empresa como opuestas a los servicios de cara al cliente.Ex: The practice of librarianship requires performance of the same management functions irrespective of position.
Ex: The acquisition of these materials is a skilful job demanding the sort of dedication that a housewife brings to the running of her home.Ex: The role of government publications in the provision of information is discussed as well as the new constitutional dispensation which came into being in September 1984 in the Republic of South Africa.Ex: Benefits have been proven in the back office and now many organizations are applying it in customer facing applications.* administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.* administración de empresas = business administration.* administración de justicia = administration of justice.* administración del tiempo = time management.* administración de personal = personnel administration.* administración de recursos = husbandry.* administración electrónica = electronic government (e-government).* administración pública = public administration, civil service.* consejo de administración = board of trustees, trustees, directorate, trust, trustee board, board of directors.* consejo de administración de la biblioteca = library trustees.* e-administración = electronic government (e-government).* estudios de administración = management studies.* Información para la Administración Pública (IPA) = Information for Public Administration (IPA).* mala administración = mismanagement.* miembro del consejo de administración = trustee.* oficina de administración = administrative office.* publicidad de la administración pública = public service announcement (PSA).administración22 = administration.Ex: When cataloguing a document issued by a regional government, the cataloguer must understand something of the geography and administration of the locality concerned.
* Administración Nacional para la Aeronáutica y el Espacio (NASA) = NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).* * *A (de una empresa, organización) management, running; (de bienes) management, administrationCompuesto:(CS) business studiesB1 (conjunto de personas) management[ S ] bajo nueva administración under new management2 (oficina, departamento) administration, administrative o ( colloq) admin departmentCompuestos:malfeasancecivil serviceC ( Pol) administrationdurante la administración de Nixon during the Nixon years o the Nixon administrationD ( Med):está desaconsejada la administración de este fármaco durante el embarazo it is not advisable to take this drug during pregnancy, the use of this drug during pregnancy is not advised[ S ] administración por vía oral to be taken orally* * *
administración sustantivo femenino
1
b) (Pol) administration;
2
administración sustantivo femenino
1 (de una empresa) administration, management
2 (local en el que se administra) (branch) office
3 (gobierno) government, administration, authorities pl
Pol administración central, central government
administración pública, civil service
' administración' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
admón.
- consejo
- gobierno
- oficial
- queja
- ujier
- vía
English:
administration
- civil service
- directorate
- elevate
- government
- housekeeping
- mismanagement
- trustee
- board
- civil
- dispensation
- local
- management
* * *1. [de empresa, finca] administration, management;[de casa] running;la administración de la justicia corresponde a los jueces judges are responsible for administering justiceadministración de empresas business administration;administración de fondos fund management;administración de recursos resource management;administración del tiempo time management2. [oficina] manager's office3.administración autonómica regional government, government of an autonomous region;la Administración [los órganos del Estado] the governmentadministración central central government;administración de justicia legal system;administración local local government;administración pública, administraciones públicas civil service4.la Administración [en EE.UU.] the Administration;la Administración (de) Truman the Truman Administration5. [de medicamento] administering;administración por vía oral [en prospecto] to be taken orally6. [de sacramentos] administering* * *f1 management, administration; de empresa management2 ( gobierno) administration, government* * *administración nf, pl - ciones1) : administration, management2)administración de empresas : business administration* * *administración n administration -
7 entrar en
v.1 to enter, to come into, to enter in, to enter into.Elsa entró en el edificio Elsa entered the building.2 to get into, to enter into, to go into.Vamos a entrar en materia We are going to go into the subject matter3 to arrive at, to enter into, to draw into.Entramos en el aeropuerto a las cinco We arrived at the airport at five.4 to be included in.El postre no entra en la cuenta Dessert is not included in the bill.* * *(v.) = fall within/into, get into, walk into, move into, slip into, turn into, come into, set + foot (inside/in/on)Ex. The user then receives, on a regular basis, notifications of new documents or information which fall within the topic specified in his profile.Ex. To get into these national and international networks which are suitable for long-distance communication, a telephone link must be used to access the closest node.Ex. Plainer to see is the effect of this library lottery on enquirers: in the words of Roger Horn, `no one knows what to expect when he walks into a library'.Ex. As we move into the 21st century there is a growing realization that information holds the key to health.Ex. If the economy slips into recession then the government may decide to stimulate the economy with massive spending.Ex. Thereupon he rallied, and with an air of accepting the inevitable turned into the library parking lot and went to his office.Ex. Female guinea pigs come into oestrus (commonly called being 'on heat') and are receptive to males every 15-17 days.Ex. Extensive use of made of the prominently painted yellow van by the public, including individuals who had never set foot inside a library.* * *(v.) = fall within/into, get into, walk into, move into, slip into, turn into, come into, set + foot (inside/in/on)Ex: The user then receives, on a regular basis, notifications of new documents or information which fall within the topic specified in his profile.
Ex: To get into these national and international networks which are suitable for long-distance communication, a telephone link must be used to access the closest node.Ex: Plainer to see is the effect of this library lottery on enquirers: in the words of Roger Horn, `no one knows what to expect when he walks into a library'.Ex: As we move into the 21st century there is a growing realization that information holds the key to health.Ex: If the economy slips into recession then the government may decide to stimulate the economy with massive spending.Ex: Thereupon he rallied, and with an air of accepting the inevitable turned into the library parking lot and went to his office.Ex: Female guinea pigs come into oestrus (commonly called being 'on heat') and are receptive to males every 15-17 days.Ex: Extensive use of made of the prominently painted yellow van by the public, including individuals who had never set foot inside a library. -
8 ticket
ˈtɪkɪt
1. сущ.
1) а) билет (документ, дающий право пройти на какое-л. мероприятие, в какое-л. место и т.п.) a ticket for a concert ≈ билет на концерт a ticket to a game ≈ билет на игру to buy tickets ≈ купить билеты to get tickets ≈ добыть, достать билеты to reserve tickets ≈ (заранее) заказать билеты airplane ticket bus ticket - commutation ticket complimentary ticket free ticket hot ticket library ticket lottery ticket meal ticket one-way ticket platform ticket return ticket round-trip ticket season ticket single ticket train ticket valid ticket б) удостоверение, карточка в) воен. увольнительная to get one's ticket сл. ≈ получить увольнение
2) а) ярлык;
квитанция б) амер. разг. купон, квитанция с уведомлением о необходимости выплатить штраф за нарушение правил уличного движения I want to know at what point I break the speed limit and get a ticket. ≈ Я хотел бы узнать, за какое превышение скорости я получил штраф. в) объявление( о сдаче внаем) г) амер. список кандидатов какой-л. партии на выборах He first ran for president on a far-left ticket. ≈ В первый раз он выставил свою кандидатуру в президенты от крайне левой партии. It's a ticket that was designed to appeal to suburban and small town voters. ≈ Это партия, которая ориентируется на деревню и жителей небольших городов. balanced ticket ≈ сбалансированный список кандидатов (список, в котором есть представители всех направлений, религиозных убеждений, социальных слоев и т.д.) fusion ticket ≈ единый список (список, включающий кандидатов маленьких партий;
выставляется в противовес кандидату от крупной партии) mixed ticket scratch ticket split ticket straight ticket ∙ work one's ticket
2. гл.
1) прикреплять ярлык
2) амер. снабжать билетами билет - railroad * железнодорожный билет - through * билет прямого сообщения - concert * билет на концерт - * of admittance, entrance * входной билет - return * обратный билет - lottery * лотерейный билет - reader's * читательский билет - book of *s абонементная книжка /книжечка/ - season * сезонный билет, сезонка - * to the exhibition билет на выставку - * window кассовое окошко - at military * windows у военных касс - to buy *s ahead of line покупать билеты вне очереди - to take *s for the opera купить билеты в оперу - to take one's * to London /for a London train/ купить билет до Лондона /на лондонский поезд/ - to order /to reserve/ a * заказывать билет - to work out one's * отрабатывать свой проезд на пароходе - to come with a Paris * приехать из Парижа - your * is not valid ваш билет недействителен - they felt lucky if they landed *s to see old movies они чувствовали себя счастливыми, если им перепадали билеты на старые фильмы ярлык - price * этикетка с ценой, ценник квитанция;
номерок;
талон, билетик - cloak-room * номерок на вешалке - left-luggage * квитанция на багаж /в камеру хранения/ - to give smb. a * выдать кому-л. квитанцию удостоверение, карточка, билет - member's * членский билет - * of leave досрочное освобождение заключенного под гласный надзор( полиции) - this is a * to a good job (образное) это мандат на получение хорошей работы( военное) (разговорное) свидетельство об увольнении из армии - to get one's * быть демобилизованным;
получать отставку( устаревшее) визитная карточка объявление (о сдаче внаем) (разговорное) уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения (тж. traffic *) - parking * уведомление о штрафе за стоянку в неположенном месте - a * for speeding уведомление о штрафе за превышение скорости - to give smb. a * вручить кому-л. уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения - to get /to collect/ a * нарваться на штраф (американизм) список кандидатов на выборах - general * общий список - mixed * избирательный бюллетень с кандидатами из списков разных партий - national * список кандидатов на пост президента и вице-президента - to vote a * голосовать за (тот или иной) список - to vote the straight * голосовать за весь список /за список в целом/ - to vote a split *, to split a * голосовать за блок( политических) партий - to be ahead one's * получить наибольшее количество голосов по списку своей партии - to carry a * провести своих кандидатов (разговорное) принципы, программа политической партии - the Tory * предвыборная программа консерваторов ордер, заявка план;
перспектива - to write one's own * планировать свою жизнь, составлять планы на будущее - graduates are writing their own job *s выпускники вузов могут подобрать работу по своему выбору( редкое) записка( биржевое) предварительная регистрация биржевых операций > the * то, что нужно;
"что надо";
"это вещь" > that's the * правильно;
как раз то, что нужно > not (quite) the * не совсем то > the proper * верно, правильно > to work one's * (военное) добиваться увольнения из армии;
симулировать, ловчить > to get *s on oneself воображать о себе Бог весть что снабжать этикеткой, прикреплять ярлык - goods *ed with their prices товары с ценниками навешивать, наклеивать ярлыки - he was *ed as unreliable за ним утвердилась репутация ненадежного человека (американизм) снабжать билетами;
выдавать билеты - the booking-office *s from ten касса продает билеты с десяти (разговорное) вручать уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения to be ahead (behind) of one's ~ получить наибольшее (наименьшее) количество голосов по списку своей партии buy a ~ покупать билет scratch ~ бюллетень с несколькими вычеркнутыми фамилиями;
to carry a ticket провести своих кандидатов cloakroom ~ гардеробный номерок collective ~ групповой билет discount ~ льготный билет discount ~ льготный купон free ~ бесплатный билет full fare ~ билет за полную стоимость ~ амер. разг. повестка в суд за нарушение правил уличного движения;
to get a ticket быть оштрафованным за нарушение правил уличного движения ticket воен.: to get one's ticket sl. получить увольнение;
ticket of discharge увольнительное свидетельство half price ~ транс. билет за полцены job ~ заказ-наряд job ~ сдельный рабочий наряд lottery ~ лотерейный билет mixed (или split) ~ бюллетень с кандидатами из списков разных партий off-peak ~ льготный билет parking ~ штраф за нарушение правил парковки parking ~ штрафной талон за парковку в неположенном месте party ~ групповой билет ~ удостоверение;
карточка;
квитанция;
pawn ticket залоговая квитанция pawn ~ ломбардная расписка pawn ~ ломбардный билет piecework ~ сдельный рабочий наряд ~ ярлык;
price ticket этикетка с ценой privilege ~ льготный билет railway ~ железнодорожный билет reduced-fare ~ билет со скидкой reduced-fare ~ льготный билет round trip ~ билет в оба конца round-trip ~ амер. билет туда и обратно sales ~ товарный ярлык scratch ~ бюллетень с несколькими вычеркнутыми фамилиями;
to carry a ticket провести своих кандидатов season ~ сезонный билет ~ билет;
single( амер. one-way) ticket билет в один конец split ~ амер. бюллетень, в котором избиратель голосует за представителей двух или нескольких партий vote: split ~ = split ticket ~ амер. список кандидатов (какой-л.) партии на выборах;
straight ticket избирательный бюллетень с именами кандидатов (какой-л.) одной партии that's not quite the ~ не совсем то;
неправильно;
what's the ticket? ну, каковы ваши планы? the ~ то, что надо;
that's the ticket как раз то, что нужно ticket воен.: to get one's ticket sl. получить увольнение;
ticket of discharge увольнительное свидетельство ~ билет;
single (амер. one-way) ticket билет в один конец ~ билет ~ квитанция ~ объявление (о сдаче внаем) ~ амер. список кандидатов (какой-л.) партии на выборах;
straight ticket избирательный бюллетень с именами кандидатов (какой-л.) одной партии ~ амер. разг. повестка в суд за нарушение правил уличного движения;
to get a ticket быть оштрафованным за нарушение правил уличного движения ~ предварительная регистрация биржевых операций ~ прикреплять ярлык ~ амер. снабжать билетами ~ снабжать этикеткой ~ список кандидатов, избирательный список ~ талон ~ удостоверение;
карточка;
квитанция;
pawn ticket залоговая квитанция ~ удостоверение ~ этикетка ~ ярлык;
price ticket этикетка с ценой ~ ярлык the ~ то, что надо;
that's the ticket как раз то, что нужно ~ attr. билетный;
ticket scalper( или skinner) амер. разг. спекулянт театральными билетами ticket воен.: to get one's ticket sl. получить увольнение;
ticket of discharge увольнительное свидетельство ~ attr. билетный;
ticket scalper( или skinner) амер. разг. спекулянт театральными билетами ~ window амер. касса (железнодорожного, воздушного или автобусного сообщения) window: ticket ~ окно билетной кассы trading ~ товарный ярлык transfer ~ трансфертный чек that's not quite the ~ не совсем то;
неправильно;
what's the ticket? ну, каковы ваши планы? to work one's ~ разг. добиваться увольнения из армии, освобождения от работы (часто нечестным путем) to work one's ~ разг. отработать свой проезд на пароходе work ~ наряд на выполнение технологической операции work ~ сдельный рабочий наряд -
9 ticket
1. n1) квитокentrance ticket, ticket of admittance — вхідний квиток
2) ярлик, етикеткаprice ticket — етикетка з ціною; цінник
3) квитанція; номерок; талон4) посвідка; картка; білет5) військ. свідоцтво про звільнення з арміїto get one's ticket — а) бути демобілізованим; б) одержати відставку
6) візитна картка7) оголошення (про здачу внайми)8) амер. повістка в суд (за порушення правил вуличного руху)9) амер. список кандидатів на виборахto be ahead (behind) one's ticket — одержати найбільшу (найменшу) кількість голосів за списком своєї партії
10) розм. принципи (програма) політичної партії11) ордер, заявка12) план; перспектива13) записка14) попередня реєстрація біржових операційticket scalper (skinner) — амер., розм. спекулянт театральними квитками
ticket window — амер. каса (транспортного сполучення)
that's the ticket — а) правильно; б) це саме те, що потрібно
what's the ticket? — ну, які ваші плани?
2. v1) прикріпляти ярлик; наклеювати етикетку2) амер. забезпечувати квитками; видавати квитки* * *I [tikit] n1) квитокrailroad [tram] ticket — залізничний [трамвайний]квиток
concert [excursion, theatre] ticket — квиток на концерт [на екскурсію, у театр]
ticket of admittance, entrance ticket — вхідний квиток
book of tickets — абонементна книжка /книжечка/; season ticket сезонний квиток, сезонка
ticket to the exhibition [to the races] — квиток на виставку [на перегони]
to order /to reserve/ a ticket — замовляти квиток
to work out one's ticket — відпрацьовувати свій проїзд на пароплаві [порівн. тж. О]
2) ярликprice ticket — етикетка із ціною, цінник
3) квитанція; номерок; талон, білетикleft-luggage ticket — квитанція на багаж /у камеру схову/
this is a ticket to a good job — образн. це мандат на одержання гарної роботи; вiйcьк. свідчення про звільнення з армії
4) оголошення ( про здачу внайми)5) повідомлення про штраф за порушення правил дорожнього руху (тж. traffic ticket)to get /to collect/ a ticket — нарватися на штраф
6) aмep. список кандидатів на виборахto vote a ticket — голосувати за ( той або інший) список
to vote the straight ticket — голосувати за весь список /за список у цілому/
to vote a split ticket, to split a ticket — голосувати за блок ( політичних) партій
to be ahead [behind]one's tickets — одержати найбільше [найменше]кількість голосів за списком своєї партії
to carry a ticket — провести своїх кандидатів; принципи, програма політичної партії
the Tory [the democratic] ticket — передвиборна програма консерваторів [демократичної партії]
7) ордер, заявка8) план; перспективаto write one's own ticket — планувати своє життя, складати плани на майбутнє
9) записка10) eк. попередня реєстрація біржових операцій••the ticket — те, що потрібно; ось це сааме те
that's the ticket — правильно; саме те, що потрібно
the proper ticket — вірно, правильно
II ['tikit] vto work one's ticket — вiйcьк. домагатися звільнення верб армії; симулювати, ловчити [порівн. тж. 1]
1) звичн. p. p. постачати етикетки, прикріплювати ярликgoods ticketed with their prices — товари із цінниками; навішувати, наклеювати ярлики
2) aмep. постачати квитки; видавати квитки -
10 ticket
1. [ʹtıkıt] n1. билетrailroad [tram] ticket - железнодорожный [трамвайный] билет
concert [excursion, theatre] ticket - билет на концерт [на экскурсию, в театр]
ticket of admittance, entrance ticket - входной билет
book of tickets - абонементная книжка /книжечка/
season ticket - сезонный билет, сезонка
ticket to the exhibition [to the races] - билет на выставку [на скачки]
to take one's ticket to London /for a London train/ - купить билет до Лондона /на лондонский поезд/
to order /to reserve/ a ticket - заказывать билет
to work out one's ticket - отрабатывать свой проезд на пароходе [ср. тж. ♢ ]
they felt lucky if they landed tickets to see old movies - они чувствовали себя счастливыми, если им перепадали билеты на старые фильмы
2. ярлыкprice ticket - этикетка с ценой, ценник
3. 1) квитанция; номерок; талон, билетикleft-luggage ticket - квитанция на багаж /в камеру хранения/
to give smb. a ticket - выдать кому-л. квитанцию
2) удостоверение, карточка, билетticket of leave - досрочное освобождение заключённого под гласный надзор (полиции)
this is a ticket to a good job - образн. это мандат на получение хорошей работы
3) воен. разг. свидетельство об увольнении из армииto get one's ticket - а) быть демобилизованным; б) получать отставку
4) уст. визитная карточка4. объявление ( о сдаче внаем)5. разг. уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения (тж. traffic ticket)to give smb. a ticket - вручить кому-л. уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения
to get /to collect/ a ticket - нарваться на штраф
6. 1) амер. список кандидатов на выборахmixed ticket - избирательный бюллетень с кандидатами из списков разных партий
to vote the straight ticket - голосовать за весь список /за список в целом/
to vote a split ticket, to split a ticket - голосовать за блок (политических) партий
to be ahead [behind] one's ticket - получить наибольшее [наименьшее] количество голосов по списку своей партии
2) разг. принципы, программа политической партииthe Tory [the democratic] ticket - предвыборная программа консерваторов [демократической партии]
7. ордер, заявка8. план; перспективаto write one's own ticket - планировать свою жизнь, составлять планы на будущее
graduates are writing their own job tickets - выпускники вузов могут подобрать работу по своему выбору
9. редк. записка10. бирж. предварительная регистрация биржевых операций♢
the ticket - то, что нужно; «что надо»; «это вещь»that's the ticket - а) правильно; б) как раз то, что нужно
the proper ticket - верно, правильно
2. [ʹtıkıt] vto work one's ticket - а) воен. добиваться увольнения из армии; б) симулировать, ловчить [ср. тж. 1]
1. обыкн. p. p.1) снабжать этикеткой, прикреплять ярлык2) навешивать, наклеивать ярлыкиhe was ticketed as unreliable - за ним утвердилась репутация ненадёжного человека
2. амер. снабжать билетами; выдавать билеты3. разг. вручать уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения -
11 ticket
1. n билетticket of admittance, entrance ticket — входной билет
season ticket — сезонный билет, сезонка
circular ticket — билет "туда-обратно"
2. n ярлыкprice ticket — этикетка с ценой, ценник
3. n квитанция; номерок; талон, билетик4. n удостоверение, карточка, билет5. n воен. разг. свидетельство об увольнении из армии6. n уст. визитная карточка7. n объявление8. n разг. уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движения9. n амер. список кандидатов на выборах10. n разг. принципы, программа политической партии11. n ордер, заявка12. n план; перспективаgraduates are writing their own job tickets — выпускники вузов могут подобрать работу по своему выбору
13. n редк. записка14. v обыкн... снабжать этикеткой, прикреплять ярлык15. v обыкн... навешивать, наклеивать ярлыки16. v обыкн... амер. снабжать билетами; выдавать билеты17. v обыкн... разг. вручать уведомление о штрафе за нарушение правил уличного движенияthe ticket admits one — это билет на одно лицо, по этому билету может пройти один человек
Синонимический ряд:1. candidate (noun) ballot; candidate; faction; line-up; option; party machine; party platform; political party; roster; slate; vote2. card (noun) admission; card; certificate; check; label; marker; notice; pass; passage; permit; receipt; tag3. carte d'entree (noun) carte d'entree4. coupon (noun) coupon; stub; voucher5. fare (noun) fare; token; transfer6. key (noun) key; route; secret7. passport (noun) open sesame; passport; password8. label (verb) label; mark; tag -
12 büyük
"1. big, large. 2. old; older, senior. 3. one´s senior, older person; person whose rank or qualities command respect. 4. important; grand, chief, major. 5. great, grand, exalted. -ler 1. the great. 2. adults. - aptes 1. (human) feces. 2. the need to defecate. - aptesi gelmek to need to defecate, need to do a BM. - atardamar anat. aorta. - balık küçük balığı yutar. proverb A big fish swallows a little fish. -le büyük, küçükle küçük olmak to treat people, young and old, according to their age and interests. -ten büyüğe law by primogeniture. - defter fin. ledger. - görmek/bilmek/tutmak /ı/ to esteem highly. - hanım the older or oldest lady of the house. - harf capital letter, capital, majuscule. - ikramiye first prize (in a lottery). - kalori large calorie. - kasa central pay office. - laf etmek to talk big. - lokma ye, büyük söz söyleme. proverb Eat a big mouthful, but don´t make big promises. B- Millet Meclisi the Grand National Assembly (of Turkey). - oynamak gambling to play for high stakes. - ölçüde 1. on a large scale. 2. in large measure, to a great degree. - önerme log. major premise. - para a lot of money. - (söz) söylemek to talk big, boast. - söz big talk. - sözüme tövbe! I hate to talk big, but.... - terim log. major term. - ünlü uyumu ling. two-form vowel harmony. - yemin solemn oath, binding oath."
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