obstiterit

sisto, stĭti (Charis. p. 220, and Diom. p. 369, give steti for both sisto and sto, confining stiti to the compounds of both. But steti, as perfect of sisto, is late jurid. Lat., and perh. dub.;

for steterant,

Verg. A. 3, 110;

steterint,

id. ib. 3, 403; Liv. 8, 32, 12, belong to stare; cf. also Gell. 2, 14, 1 sqq.; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 461 sq.), stătum [root stă, strengthened by reduplication; cf. histêmi], used in two general senses, I. To cause to stand, place, = colloco, pono; II. To stand, be placed, = sto.

Sistere, in gen., = collocare (in class. prose only in the partic. uses, v. A. 4. C. and D., infra).

Causative, with acc.

To place = facere ut stet; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with ad, super, etc., and acc.:

O qui me gelidis in vallibus Haemi Sistat,

Verg. G. 2, 489:

tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,

id. A. 3, 117 (classis stat;

v. sto): inque tuo celerem litore siste gradum,

Ov. H. 13, 102 (cf. infra, III. 2. A.):

jaculum clamanti (al. clamantis) sistit in ore,

plants the dart in his face, Verg. A. 10, 323:

disponit quas in fronte manus, medio quas robore sistat,

Stat. Th. 7, 393:

(equum ligneum) sacratā sistimus arā,

Verg. A. 2, 245:

aeternis potius me pruinis siste,

Stat. Th. 4, 395: ut stata (est) lux pelago, as soon as light was set ( shone) on the sea, id. ib. 5, 476:

victima Sistitur ante aras,

Ov. M. 15, 132:

quam (suem) Aeneas ubi... sistit ad aram,

Verg. A. 8, 85:

post haec Sistitur crater,

Ov. M. 8, 669: vestigia in altero (monte) sisti (non posse), that no footprints can be placed ( made) on the other mountain, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211:

cohortes expeditas super caput hostium sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 77; cf. id. A. 12, 13; Stat. Th. 4, 445; Sil. 4, 612. —

To place, as the result of guidance or conveyance; hence, to convey, to send, lead, take, conduct to, = facere ut veniat; constr. with in and abl., with abl. alone, and with advv. of place: officio meo ripā sistetur in illā Haec, will be carried by me to, etc., Ov. M. 9, 109:

terrā sistēre petitā,

id. ib. 3, 635:

(vos) facili jam tramite sistam,

Verg. A. 6, 676:

ut eum in Syriā aut Aegypto sisterent orabat,

to convey him to, Tac. H. 2, 9.—So with hic (= in with abl.) or huc (= in with acc.):

hic siste patrem,

Sen. Phoen. 121:

Annam huc siste sororem,

Verg. A. 4, 634.—

To place an army in order of battle, draw up, = instruere:

aciem in litore sistit,

Verg. A. 10, 309; cf.:

sistere tertiam decimam legionem in ipso aggere jubet,

Tac. H. 3, 21.—

Se sistere = to betake one's self, to present one's self, to come (so twice in Cicero's letters):

des operam, id quod mihi affirmasti, ut te ante Kal. Jan., ubicumque erimus, sistas,

Cic. Att. 3, 25:

te vegetum nobis in Graeciā sistas,

id. ib. 10, 16, 6 (cf. infra, E.):

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 853.—

With two acc. (cf.: praesto, reddo) = to cause to be in a certain condition, to place, etc.; often with dat. of interest (ante- and post-class., and poet.; cf.

supra, 4.): ego vos salvos sistam,

I will place you in safety, see you to a safe place, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 5:

omnia salva sistentur tibi,

all will be returned to you in good order, id. ib. 5, 3, 3; so,

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123; cf.:

rectius tacitas tibi res sistam, quam quod dictum est mutae mulieri,

will keep your secrets, id. ib. 4, 2, 54:

neque (dotem) incolumem sistere illi, et detraxe autument,

that you deliver it entire to her, id. Trin. 3, 3, 15:

cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet,

Cat. 64, 238: tu modo servitio vacuum me siste (= praesta) superbo, set me free from, Prop. 4, 16 (3, 17), 42:

tutum patrio te limine sistam,

will see you safe home, Verg. A. 2, 620:

praedā onustos triumphantesque mecum domos reduces sistatis,

Liv. 29, 27, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Pelasgis siste levem campum,

Stat. Th. 8, 328:

modo se isdem in terris victorem sisterent,

Tac. A. 2, 14:

operā tuā sistas hunc nobis sanum atque validum,

give him back to us, safe and sound, Gell. 18, 10, 7: ita mihi salvam ac sospitem rempublicam sistere in suā sede liceat, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 28.—

Neutr, with double nom., = exsistere, to be, to become: judex extremae sistet vitaeque necisque, he will become a judge, etc., Manil. 4, 548 (dub.):

tempora quod sistant propriis parentia signis,

id. 3, 529 (dub.; al. sic stant; cf. infra, II.).—

As neuter verb, to stand, rest, be placed, lie ( poet.);

constr. like sto: ne quis mihi obstiterit obviam, nam qui obstiterit, ore sistet,

will lie on his face, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 13 Brix ad loc.: (nemo sit) tantā gloriā... quin cadat, quin capite sistat, will be placed or stand on his head, id. Curc. 2, 3, 8:

ibi crebro, credo, capite sistebant cadi,

id. Mil. 3, 2, 36 Lorenz (Brix, hoc illi crebro capite):

ipsum si quicquam posse in se sistere credis,

to rest upon itself, Lucr. 1, 1057:

neque posse in terrā sistere terram,

nor can the earth rest upon itself, id. 2, 603:

at conlectus aquae... qui lapides inter sistit per strata viarum,

id. 4, 415:

incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur,

to rest, to stay, Verg. A. 3, 7; cf.:

quaesitisque diu terris, ubi sistere detur,

Ov. M. 1, 307. —

As jurid. term.

In both a causative and neuter sense = to produce in court, or to appear in court after being bound over by the judge or by promise to the adversary (vadimonium); constr. either absol. or with the dat. of the adversary to whom the promise is made (alicui sisti), to appear upon somebody's demand; also, in judicio sisti. The present active is either used reflexively (se sistere = to appear), or with a transitive object (sistere aliquem = to produce in court one in whose behalf the promise has been made). The present passive, sisti, sistendus, sistitur, = to appear or to be produced. The perfect act., stiti, stitisse, rarely the perfect passive, status sum, = to have appeared, I appeared. So in all periods of the language:

cum autem in jus vocatus fuerit adversarius, ni eo die finitum fuerit negotium, vadimonium ei faciendum est, id est ut promittat se certo die sisti,

Gai. 4, 184:

fit ut Alfenus promittat, Naevio sisti Quinctium,

that Quinctius would be forthcoming upon Naevius's complaint, Cic. Quint. 21, 67; cf. id. ib. 8, 30 (v. infra, B.):

testificatur, P. Quinctium non stitisse, et se stitisse,

id. ib. 6, 25:

quin puellam sistendam promittat (= fore ut puella sistatur in judicio),

Liv. 3, 45, 3:

interrogavit quisquam, in quem diem locumque vadimonium promitti juberet, et Scipio manum ad ipsam oppidi, quod obsidebatur, arcem protendens: Perendie sese sistant illo in loco,

Gell. 7, 1, 10:

si quis quendam in judicio sisti promiserit, in eādem causā eum debet sistere,

Dig. 2, 11, 11:

si servum in eādem causā sistere promiserit, et liber factus sistatur,... non recte sistitur,

ib. 2, 9, 5:

sed si statu liberum sisti promissum sit, in eādem causā sisti videtur, quamvis liber sistatur,

ib. 2, 9, 6:

cum quis in judicio sisti promiserit, neque adjecerit poenam si status non esset,

ib. 2, 6, 4:

si quis in judicio secundum suam promissionem non stitit,

ib. 2, 11, 2, § 1; cf. ib. 2, 5, 1; 2, 8, 2; 2, 11, 2, § 3.—

Vadimonium sistere, to present one's self in court, thus keeping the solemn engagement (vadimonium) made to that effect; lit., to make the vadimonium stand, i. e. effective, opp. deserere vadimonium = not to appear, to forfeit the vadimonium. The phrase does not occur in the jurists of the Pandects, the institution of the vadimonium being abolished by Marcus Aurelius. It is found in the following three places only: quid si vadimonium capite obvoluto stitisses? Cat. ap. Gell. 2, 14, 1: ut Quinctium sisti Alfenus promitteret. Venit Romam Quinctius;

vadimonium sistit,

Cic. Quint. 8, 30:

ut nullum illa stiterit vadimonium sine Attico,

Nep. Att. 9; Gai. 4, 185; cf. diem sistere under status, P. a. infra.—

Transf., out of judicial usage, in gen., = to appear or present one's self, quasi ex vadimonio; constr. absol. or with dat. of the person entitled to demand the appearance:

ubi tu es qui me vadatus's Veneriis vadimoniis? Sisto ego tibi me, et mihi contra itidem ted ut sistas suadeo (of a lover's appointment),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 5; so,

tibi amatorem illum alacrem vadimonio sistam,

produce, App. M. 9, p. 227, 14:

nam promisimus carnufici aut talentum magnum, aut hunc hodie sistere,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 73:

vas factus est alter ejus sistendi, ut si ille non revertisset, moriendum esset sibi,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45. —

Fana sistere, acc. to Festus anciently used, either = to place ( secure and fix places for) temples in founding a city, or to place the couches in the lectisternia:

sistere fana, cum in urbe condendā dicitur, significat loca in oppido futurorum fanorum constituere: quamquam Antistius Labeo, in commentario XV. juris pontificii ait fana sistere esse lectisternia certis locis et diebus habere,

Fest. p. 267 Lind. To this usage Plaut. perh. alludes:

apud illas aedis sistendae mihi sunt sycophantiae,

the place about that house I must make the scene of my tricks, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 25.—

Sistere monumenta, etc., or sistere alone, to erect statues, etc. (= statuere; post-class. and rare;

mostly in Tac.): ut apud Palatium effigies eorum sisteret,

Tac. A. 15, 72:

cum Augustus sibi templum sisti non prohibuisset,

id. ib. 4 37:

at Romae tropaea de Parthis arcusque sistebantur,

id. ib. 15, 18:

monuere ut... templum iisdem vestigiis sisteretur,

id. H. 4, 53:

sistere monumenta,

Aus. Ep. 24, 55: Ast ego te... Carthaginis arce Marmoreis sistam templis (cf. histanai tina), Sil. 8, 231; v. statuo.

Sistere = to cause what is tottering or loose to stand firm, to support or fasten; and neutr., to stand firm.

Causative (rare;

perh. not in class. prose) = stabilire: sucus... mobilis (dentes) sistit,

Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 15; and trop.: hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu Sistet (cf.: respublica stat;

v. sto),

Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:

non ita civitatem aegram esse, ut consuetis remediis sisti posset,

Liv. 3, 20, 8 (where sisti may be impers.; v. infra, III. C.).—

Neutr., to stand firm, to last, = stare:

nec mortale genus, nec divum corpora sancta Exiguom possent horai sistere tempus,

Lucr. 1, 1016: qui rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur, Cotta ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223.—

Neutr., to stand firm, to resist:

nec quicquam Teucros Sustentare valet telis, aut sistere contra,

Verg. A. 11, 873; so with dat. = resistere:

donec Galba, inruenti turbae neque aetate neque corpore sistens, sella levaretur,

Tac. H. 1, 35; cf. sisti = resistere, III. B. 1. f. infra.

Sistere = to stand still, and to cause to stand still.

Neutr. = stare (rare; in Varr., Tac., and the poets).

To stand still:

solstitium dictum est quod sol eo die sistere videatur,

Varr. L. L. 5, p. 53 (Bip.):

sistunt amnes,

Verg. G. 1, 479:

incurrit, errat, sistit,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 248.—

To remain, stop:

Siste! Quo praeceps ruis?

Sen. Thyest. 77; id. Oedip. 1050:

vis tu quidem istum intra locum sistere?

will you remain in that position? Tac. A. 4, 40.—

Trop., to stop, not to go any farther:

depunge, ubi sistam,

Pers. 6, 79:

nec in Hectore tracto sistere,

to stop at the dragging of Hector, Stat. Achill. 1, 7.—

To cease (dub.):

hactenus sistat nefas' pius est,

if his crime ceases here, he will be pious, Sen. Thyest. 744 (perh. act., to stop, end).—

Causative (not ante-Aug.; freq. in Tac., Plin., and the poets).

To arrest, stop, check an advancing motion.

With gradum:

plano sistit uterque gradum,

arrest their steps, Prop. 5 (4), 10, 36; Verg. A. 6, 465:

siste properantem gradum,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 772:

repente sistunt gradum,

Curt. 4, 6, 14. —With pedem, Ov. R. Am. 80.—

With fugam, to stop, stay, check, stem, arrest the flight:

fugam foedam siste,

Liv. 1, 12, 5:

si periculo suo fugam sistere posset,

id. 30, 12, 1; so Curt. 8, 14, 37; 4, 16, 2; 8, 3, 2; Tac. A. 12, 39.—

Of vehicles, horses, etc.:

esseda siste,

Prop. 2, 1, 76:

equos,

Verg. A. 12, 355:

quadrijugos,

Stat. Achill. 2, 429; so id. Th. 5, 364.—

With iter, to arrest the advance of an army, to halt:

exercitus iter sistit,

Tac. H. 3, 50.—

With bellum, to halt (cf. infra, D.):

Aquilejae sisti bellum expectarique Mucianum jubebat,

Tac. H. 3, [p. 1712] 8.—

Of living objects, in gen.

To arrest their course, make them halt:

aegre coercitam legionem Bedriaci sistit,

Tac. H. 2, 23:

festinantia sistens Fata,

staying the hurrying Fates, Stat. S. 3, 4, 24.—So, se sistere with ab, to desist from:

non prius se ab effuso cursu sistunt,

Liv. 6, 29, 3; hence, to arrest by wounding, i. e. to wound or kill:

aliquem cuspide,

Sil. 1, 382; 1, 163; so,

cervum vulnere sistere,

id. 2, 78.—

To stop a hostile attack of persons, to resist them, ward them off:

ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones, sed in fugam averterent,

Liv. 1, 37, 3:

ibi integrae vires sistunt invehentem se jam Samnitem,

id. 10, 14, 18:

nec sisti vis hostium poterat,

Curt. 5, 3, 11:

nec sisti poterant scandentes,

Tac. H. 3, 71; 5, 21. —

Trop., to stop the advance of prices:

pretia augeri in dies, nec mediocribus remediis sisti posse,

Tac. A. 3, 52.—

To arrest the motion of fluids.

Of water:

sistere aquam fluviis,

Verg. A. 4, 489:

amnis, siste parumper aquas,

Ov. Am. 3, 6, 2:

quae concita flumina sistunt,

id. M. 7, 154:

sistito infestum mare,

calm, Sen. Agam. 523; cf. Ov. M. 7, 200; id. H. 6, 87; Plin. 28, 8, 29, § 118.—

Of blood and secretions:

(ea) quibus sistitur sanguis parari jubet,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

sanguinem,

Plin. 20, 7, 25, § 59; 28, 18, 73, § 239; 27, 4, 5, § 18:

haemorrhoidum abundantiam,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 19:

fluctiones,

id. 20, 8, 27, § 71, 34, 10, 23, § 105; 35, 17, 57, § 195:

nomas,

id. 30, 13, 39, § 116; 24, 16, 94, § 151:

mensis,

id. 23, 6, 60, § 112:

vomitiones,

id. 20, 20, 81, § 213:

alvum bubus,

id. 18, 16, 42, § 143:

alvum,

stop the bowels, id. 23, 6, 60, § 113; 22, 25, 59, § 126; 20, 5, 18, § 37:

ventrem,

id. 20, 23, 96, § 256; Mart. 13, 116.—

To arrest the motion of life, make rigid:

ille oculos sistit,

Stat. Th. 2, 539.—

To end, put an end to (= finem facere alicui rei); pass., to cease:

querelas,

Ov. M. 7, 711:

fletus,

id. ib. 14, 835:

lacrimas,

id. F. 1, 367; 480; 6, 154:

minas,

id. Tr. 1, 2, 60:

opus,

id. H. 16 (17), 266; id. M. 3, 153:

labores,

id. ib. 5, 490:

furorem,

Stat. Th. 5, 663:

furialem impetum,

Sen. Med. 157; id. Agam. 203:

pace tamen sisti bellum placet,

Ov. M. 14, 803:

antequam summa dies spectacula sistat,

id. F. 4, 387:

sitim sistere,

to allay, id. P. 3, 1, 18:

nec primo in limine sistit conatus scelerum,

suppresses, Stat. S. 5, 2, 86:

ruinas,

to stop destruction, Plin. Pan. 50, 4:

ventum,

to ward off, turn the wind, id. Ep. 2, 17, 17;

(motus terrae) non ante quadraginta dies sistuntur, = desinunt,

Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 198.—

Sistere with intra = to confine, keep within:

transgresso jam Alpes Caecina, quem sisti intra Gallias posse speraverant,

Tac. H. 2, 11:

dum populatio lucem intra sisteretur,

provided the raids were confined to day-time, id. A. 4, 48. —

Impers. and trop., to arrest or avoid an impending misfortune, or to stand, i. e. to endure; generally in the form sisti non potest (more rarely: sisti potest) = it cannot be endured, a disaster cannot be avoided or met (once in Plaut.; freq. in Liv.; sometimes in Tac.; cf., in gen., Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 720; Drak. ad Liv. 3, 16, 4; Weissenb. ad Liv. 2, 29, 8; Gronov. ad Liv. 4, 12, 6; Beneke ad Just. 11, 1, 6).

Without a subject, res or a noun of general import being understood:

quid ego nunc agam, nisi ut clipeum ad dorsum accommodem, etc.? Non sisti potest,

it is intolerable, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 94:

totam plebem aere alieno demersam esse, nec sisti posse nisi omnibus consulatur,

Liv. 2, 29, 8:

si domestica seditio adiciatur, sisti non posse,

the situation will be desperate, id. 45, 19, 3:

si quem similem priore anno dedissent, non potuisse sisti,

id. 3, 9, 8:

vixque concordiā sisti videbatur,

that the crisis could scarcely be met, even by harmonious action, id. 3, 16, 4:

qualicunque urbis statu, manente disciplinā militari sisti potuisse,

these evils were endurable, id. 2, 44, 10: exercitum gravi morbo affectari, nec sisti potuisse ni, etc., it would have ended in disaster, if not, etc., id. 29, 10, 1:

qui omnes populi si pariter deficiant, sisti nullo modo posse,

Just. 11, 1, 6 Gronov. ad loc.; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 8 supra, II. A. 1.— Rarely with a subject-clause understood: nec jam sisti poterat, and it was no longer tolerable, i. e. that Nero should disgrace himself, etc., Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Rarely with quin, to prevent etc. (pregn., implying also the stopping of something; cf.

supra, III. B. 1.): neque sisti potuit quin et palatium et domus et cuncta circum haurirentur (igni),

Tac. A. 15, 39.—Hence, stătus, a, um, P. a., as attribute of nouns, occurs in several conventional phrases, as relics of archaic usage.

Status (condictusve) dies cum hoste, in the XII. Tables, = a day of trial fixed by the judge or agreed upon with the adversary;

esp., a peregrinus (= hostis),

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37. It presupposes a phrase, diem sistere, prob.=vadimonium sistere (v. supra, I. C. 2.). Such an appointment was an excuse from the most important public duties, even for soldiers from joining the army, Cinc. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4.—

Hence, transf.: si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies, tamen est eundum quo imperant,

i. e. under all circumstances we must go, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5.—

In certain phrases, appointed, fixed, regular (cf. statutus, with which it is often confounded in MSS.):

status dies: tres in anno statos dies habere quibus, etc.,

Liv. 39, 13, 8:

stato loco statisque diebus,

id. 42, 32, 2; so id. 5, 52, 2; 27, 23 fin.:

stato lustri die,

Sen. Troad. 781:

status sacrificii dies,

Flor. 1, 3, 16:

statum tempus, statā vice, etc.: lunae defectio statis temporibus fit,

Liv. 44, 37 init.; so id. 28, 6, 10:

stato tempore,

Tac. A. 12, 13; id. H. 4, 81; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 173:

stata tempora (partus),

Stat. Achill. 2, 673:

adeo in illā plagā mundus statas vices temporum mutat,

Curt. 8, 19, 13; so id. 9, 9, 9; 5, 1, 23; so, feriae, etc.: feriae statae appellabantur quod certo statutoque die observarentur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69 Lind.:

stata quinquennia,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 113:

stata sacra or sacrificia: stata sacrificia sunt quae certis diebus fieri debent,

Fest. p. 264 Lind.:

proficiscuntur Aeniam ad statum sacrificium,

Liv. 40, 4, 9; 23, 35, 3; 5, 46, 2; 39, 13, 8; Cic. Mil. 17, 45:

solemne et statum sacrificium (al. statutum),

id. Tusc. 1, 47, 113; so Liv. 23, 35, 3:

stata sacra,

Ov. F. 2, 528; Stat. Th. 1, 666:

stata foedera,

id. ib. 11, 380:

status flatus,

Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

stati cursus siderum,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 291 (different: statae stellae = fixed stars, Censor. D. N. 8, belonging to II. 2. supra): statae febres, intermittent fevers, returning regularly, Plin. 28, 27, 28, § 107.—

Moderate, average, normal:

inter enim pulcherrimam feminam et deformissimam media forma quaedam est, quae et a nimio pulcritudinis periculo et a summo deformitatis odio vacat, qualis a Q. Ennio perquam eleganti vocabulo stata dicitur...Ennius autem eas fere feminas ait incolumi pudicitia esse quae statā formā forent,

Gell. 5, 11, 12 -14 (v. Enn. Trag. p. 133 Vahl.).

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.

Referring to a time previously specified.

To a definite past time.

To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:

is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,

Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:

quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:

erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,

Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;

44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,

Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;

39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,

Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—

Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:

insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,

Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;

ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;

5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,

Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,

id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,

Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;

2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,

id. 8, 3, 9:

Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,

id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;

1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,

Vell. 1, 8, 3:

tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,

id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:

non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 5:

Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:

quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—

Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:

quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,

Cic. Clu. 20, 55:

cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,

id. ib. 27, 75:

Caere, opulento tum oppido,

Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:

praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;

nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:

tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:

quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:

tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—

Opposed to another time specified:

itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:

sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;

21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,

Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—

In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;

ut tum accidit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:

foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,

Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—

Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:

quis tum non ingemuit?

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,

id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;

nunc agendum est subtilius,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:

itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,

i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:

M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,

Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:

sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,

Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:

Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,

Ov. M. 14, 474.—

With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,

Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;

so repeated seven times,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—

Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):

atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,

id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—

In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:

quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?

if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:

(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,

id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:

moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,

id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:

qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:

deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),

Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;

4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;

fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:

ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,

Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;

tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,

id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;

tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—

Referring to future time.

To a definite time before mentioned:

ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,

i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:

jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:

tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—

With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:

quom videbis, tum scies,

id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;

Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:

confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,

Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—

Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;

otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,

Enn. Ann. 179:

dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);

tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;

5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,

Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;

3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,

Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—

In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:

tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,

Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:

tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,

Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:

tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,

Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—

Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:

at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,

Lucr. 5, 399:

madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;

7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—

Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.

Succession of time proper:

ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;

postremum, etc.,

Liv. 2, 39, 4:

primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,

id. 9, 6, 1:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;

23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,

Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—

So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;

not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:

tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:

tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,

id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—

Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:

qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—

Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.

Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;

rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:

magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;

duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,

Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):

quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:

faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—

Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.

With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;

tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—

Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):

tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:

tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:

mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,

Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:

plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;

so three times,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;

four times,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;

five times,

id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;

six times,

id. ib. 1, 53, 120;

seven times,

Quint. 9, 4, 133;

nine times,

Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):

Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,

at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—

Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):

ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:

tum... tum... aliquando,

id. Div. 2, 2, 6:

tum... tum... aut... aut,

id. Or. 61, 204:

modo... tum autem,

id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:

nunc... nunc... tum... tum,

Flor. 1, 17, 5.—

Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):

Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,

Vell. 2, 68, 3:

Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:

Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,

id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;

and with etiam,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—

As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.

Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):

quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:

cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,

id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—

Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):

nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—

Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:

visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:

movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,

Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —

With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:

quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:

luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:

concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,

Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:

quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —

Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,

By vero:

cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,

in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—

By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:

cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:

cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—

By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:

cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:

fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,

Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—

By inprimis, chiefly, principally:

cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—

By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—

By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:

at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—

By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:

cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,

Cic. Am. 7, 23. —

By etiam, besides, as well:

cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,

id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—

By quoque, also, besides, as well:

cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,

Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—

By et, also, besides, too:

cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,

Just. 19, 1, 7.—

By praeterea, moreover, besides:

dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.

Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).

With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.

Referring to definite past time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:

bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:

tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,

Liv. 45, 3, 7:

tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,

Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:

nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:

cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—

Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).

Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,

Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —

Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:

id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:

cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,

Liv. 5, 22, 3.—

Referring to definite present time:

quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;

etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:

nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,

Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;

4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:

eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

As coincident:

quom amamus, tum perimus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:

ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,

Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):

cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:

nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:

quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —

As subsequent:

ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:

eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—

Referring to future time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:

non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

quom videbis, tum scies,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:

de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—

With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33:

tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):

ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:

ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,

Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—

Referring to indefinite time:

post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:

ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,

Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—

Referring to future time:

otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:

ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,

Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—

With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,

Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—

Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).

Referring to definite past time:

posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):

postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,

Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—

Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—

With a temporal clause introduced by ut.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,

Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of definite past time:

nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:

sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—

Referring to future time:

neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),

Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With a temporal clause introduced by quando.

Tum as antecedent of the clause.

Of definite past time:

auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—

Of future time:

at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:

utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):

quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,

Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—

Of future time:

at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,

Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:

quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,

Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—

In the apodosis after simul ac:

an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?

Lucr. 6, 402.—

With a temporal clause introduced by dum.

Tum as antecedent:

sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,

Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

dum habeat, tum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:

dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,

Verg. A. 9, 540.—

As antecedent of quamdiu:

qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—

Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:

quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:

cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—

With conditional clauses.

With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).

Tum as antecedent of clause:

tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:

si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,

Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,

Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:

quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:

si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,

Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—

Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,

Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—

With a condition contrary to fact.

Tum, antecedent of clause:

tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,

Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,

id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:

quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —

After an abl. absol.

With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.

Referring to definite past time:

ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34:

sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,

Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—

Referring to indefinite time:

hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—

Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):

ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—

With pres. participles (post-class.):

tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,

Just. 12, 15, 6.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:

jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:

quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,

Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:

ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:

jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,

Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;

24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,

Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—

Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.

Tum demum.

In gen.:

adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,

Lucr. 3, 58:

tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:

nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,

Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—

In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:

imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:

tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,

Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—

Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—

Tum denique.

In gen.:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—

Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

tum denique si,

id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,

Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—

Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:

tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,

Lucr. 5, 1014:

ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:

ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,

Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —

With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.

Deinde tum (very rare):

primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,

Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—

Tum deinde.

= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:

nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:

emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,

Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:

quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,

Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —

= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;

tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,

Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—

With hic:

hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,

id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:

hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,

id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—

Tum postea:

tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,

Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—

With interim:

unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,

Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—

With particles of emphasis.

Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.

In gen.:

discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,

Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 18, 51:

tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:

Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,

Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:

deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—

As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:

quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,

Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:

tum vero... si,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:

quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,

Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—

Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,

actum quidem,

id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:

et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,

Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;

7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,

Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:

Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,

Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—

Ne tum quidem, not even then:

num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:

ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:

ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—

Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).

Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:

quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—

Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):

regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,

Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:

per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,

id. 40, 32, 1; so,

tum cummaxime,

id. 43, 7, 8:

corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,

Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:

et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,

Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—

Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—

Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):

C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,

Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—

Etiam tum.

Even then:

etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:

totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,

even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

etiam tum cum verisimile erit,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—

Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—

And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,

not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—

Tum etiam.

Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:

atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:

qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—

Then also, then too, besides:

tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—

Tum quoque.

Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;

nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,

Lucr. 6, 162:

tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:

tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,

Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—

Even then, = etiam tum (rare):

et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,

Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—

In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:

quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,

Liv. 42, 62, 7. —

= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;

9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,

Just. 2, 9, 18.—

Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:

nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:

tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118:

ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—

Tum with co-ordinating particles.

Tum autem.

= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;

tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:

tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—

= tum... tum:

visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—

= eo tempore, with autem as connective:

tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:

tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—

But in this instance:

uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—

For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—

Tum praeterea:

nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—

Tum porro:

tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,

Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—

Quid tum?

In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:

quid tum postea?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—

In imitation of a dialogue:

at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—

As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—

Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:

tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,

Just. 31, 2, 6.

1) издавать звук, звучать, шуметь

2) щёлкать, хлопать ( flagello V); звенеть, бряцать, лязгать ( catenis PJ)

3) откашливаться (quasi faucibus aliquid obstiterit Q)

ob-sisto, stĭti, stĭtum, 3, v. n., to set, place, or post one's self before any thing (class.; syn.: adversor, repugno).

In gen.:

hic obsistam, ne, etc.,

will station myself, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 62:

alicui obviam,

to plant one's self in another's way, id. Capt. 4, 2, 11:

obsistens obtestansque,

Liv. 2, 10, 3:

plures abeunti Volumnio obsistere,

id. 10, 19.—

In partic.

To set one's self against; to oppose, resist, withstand:

qui cum obsistere ac defendere conarentur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

omnibus ejus consiliis,

id. Cat. 3, 7, 17:

dolori,

id. Tusc. 2, 12, 28:

odiis,

id. Off. 2, 7, 23:

vitiis,

id. ib. 2, 10, 37:

visis,

to disapprove of, id. Fin. 3, 9, 31:

opinionibus,

id. Ac. 2, 34, 108. —With inf.:

obstitit Oceanus in se simul atque in Herculem inquiri,

opposes, forbids, Tac. G. 34.—With ne:

Histiaeus Miletus ne res conficeretur obstitit,

Nep. Milt. 3, 5:

obstitisti, ne ex Italiā transire in Siciliam fugitivorum copiae possent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5.—With quominus:

quae si cui obstitit, quominus referret gratiam, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 3.— Impers. pass.:

magnitudine animi facile posset repugnari obsistique fortunae,

Cic. Fin. 4, 7, 17.—

obstĭ-tus, a, um, P. a.

Over against, opposite:

luna radios solis obstiti vel adversi usurpat,

App. de Deo Socr. p. 42.—

Lit., opposing, inimical; hence, in augury, struck by lightning: obstitum Cloatius et Aelius Stilo esse aiunt violatum attactumque de caelo. Cincius quom qui deo deaeque obstiterit id est qui viderit, quod videri nefas esset, Paul. ex Fest. p. 193 Müll.:

FVLGVRA ATQVE OBSTITA PIANTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21.

rē-sto, stĭti, 1 ( perf. subj. restaverit, Prop. 2, 34, 53), v. n.

To stop behind, keep back, stand still (very rare and only poet., whereas resisto is class.).

Lit.: si resto, pergit, ut eam: si ire conor, prohibet betere, Pac. ap. Non. 77, 25. —

Trop.: impetus haut longe mediis regionibus restat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 285 Müll. (Ann. v. 475 Vahl.):

nullo dominae teritur molimine amator Restat et immerita sustinet aure minas,

stands firm, holds out, Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 18. —

To withstand, resist, oppose (so less freq. than resisto, and not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Of military resistance, to stand firm, hold out, not yield; constr. usually absol.; rarely with dat. or adversum: Illyrii restant sicis sibinisque fodantes, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 336 Müll. (Ann. v. 496 Vahl.): validam urbem multos dies restantem pugnando vicit, Sall. ap. Non. 526, 12 (id. H. 1, 75 Dietsch):

quia summā vi restare (milites) nunciabantur,

Liv. 4, 58 Drak.:

solā virtute militum restantes caeduntur caeduntque,

id. 6, 30; 32; 8, 39; 23, 45; 26, 3; 29, 2;

34, 14: dum restat Hector,

Prop. 3, 8, 31:

nunc in restantes mucronem comminus urget,

Sil. 10, 25.— Impers. pass.:

ut quā minimā vi restatur, eā parte irrumpat,

Liv. 34, 15. — With dat.:

paucis plures vix restatis,

Liv. 23, 45 fin.:

restando adversis,

Sil. 10, 125.—With adversum:

paulum morae attulere ferrati restantibus laminis adversum pila et gladios,

Tac. A. 3, 46.—

Apart from milit. lang., in gen.:

nunc ratio nulla est restandi, nulla facultas, etc.,

Lucr. 1, 110:

is mihi, dum resto, juvenili guttura pugno Rupit,

Ov. M. 3, 626; 7, 411:

in quā re nunc tam confidenter restas, stulta?

oppose me, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 7; cf. Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 50. —Of things:

aera claustris restantia vociferantur,

Lucr. 2, 450:

restantia claustra,

Sil. 7, 130.—

To be left, remain (syn. remaneo; the predominant signif. of the word;

most freq. in the third person): hujus generis reliquias Restare video,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 91:

ego conviviis delector nec cum aequalibus solum qui pauci jam admodum restant, sed cum vestrā etiam aetate,

Cic. Sen. 14, 46:

ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes Restarem ut genitor,

Verg. A. 11, 161:

de bonis quod restat reliquiarum,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Cist. 1, 3, 40:

unam sibi spem reliquam in Etruscis restare,

Liv. 10, 16; Cic. Scaur. Fragm. 45, p. 268 Orell.:

quae (studia) sola ei in malis restiterunt,

id. Sull. 26, 74:

omnes composui. Felices! Nunc ego resto,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 28; Pers. 3, 97:

de viginti Restabam solus,

Ov. M. 3, 687:

jam labor exiguus Phoebo restabat,

id. ib. 6, 486:

duae restant noctes de mense secundo,

id. F. 2, 857:

si e nobis aliquid nisi umbra restat,

id. Am. 3, 9, 60:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 35:

qui e divisione tripartitā duas partes absolverit, huic necesse est restare tertiam,

Cic. Off. 3, 2, 9:

infinitae caedi,

id. Cat. 3, 10: dona ferens pelago et flammis restantia Trojae, left, remaining from the sea, etc., Verg. A. 1, 679:

unum etiam restat amico nostro ad omne dedecus, ut, etc.,

id. Att. 8, 7:

hoc unum restabat, ut,

Ov. M. 2, 471; cf.:

illud etiam restiterat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 9, 33.— Impers.:

restat, ut aut summa neglegentia tibi obstiterit, aut, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 12, 41; so,

restat, ut,

id. N. D. 2, 16, 44; 17 init.; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 27 al.—With inf. (mostly poet.):

nec aliud restabat quam corrigere, etc.,

Liv. 44, 4, 8:

restabat aliud nihil, nisi oculos pascere,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 35; Ov. M. 1, 700; Stat. S. 4, 1, 40.—

In partic., with reference to the future, to remain for, await one (rare and mostly poet.):

quid restat, nisi porro ut fiam miser,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 20:

placet (vobis) socios sic tractari, quod restat, ut per haec tempora tractatos videtis?

i. e. hereafter, for the future, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 208:

nudus humi jacet infans... ut aequom est, cui tantum in vitā restet transire malorum,

Lucr. 5, 227; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 27:

hoc Latio restare canunt,

Verg. A. 7, 270; Ov. F. 2, 749.

stătŭo, ui, utum, 3, v. a. [statum, sup. of sto], to cause to stand (cf.: colloco, pono).

Corporeally.

To cause to stand, set up, set, station, fix in an upright position.

To set up, set in the ground, erect:

ibi arbores pedicino in lapide statuito,

Cato, R. R. 18:

inter parietes arbores ubi statues,

id. ib.:

stipites statuito,

id. ib.:

palis statutis crebris,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14 init.:

pedamenta jacentia statuenda,

are to be raised, Col. 4, 26:

pedamentum inter duas vitis,

Plin. 17, 22, 21, § 194:

hic statui volo primum aquilam,

the standard of the troops, Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

signifer, statue signum,

plant the ensign, Liv. 5, 55, 1; Val. Max. 1, 5, 1.—

To plant (rare):

eodem modo vineam statuito, alligato, flexatoque uti fuerit,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 198:

agro qui statuit meo Te, triste lignum (i. e. arborem),

Hor. C. 2, 13, 10.—

In gen., to place, set or fix, set up, set forth things or persons.

Without specifying the place:

ollam statuito cum aqua,

let a jar stand with water, Cato, R. R. 156 (157):

crateras magnos statuunt, i. e. on the table,

Verg. A. 1, 724; so,

crateras laeti statuunt,

id. ib. 7, 147: haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est, well placed, i. e. so that the hull stands perpendicularly (cf.:

bene lineatam carinam collocavit, v. 42),

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44:

nec quidquam explicare, nec statuere potuerant, nec quod statutum esset, manebat, omnia perscindente vento,

Liv. 21, 58, 7:

eo die tabernacula statui passus non est,

to pitch, Caes. B. C. 1, 81; so, aciem statuere, to draw up an army:

aciem quam arte statuerat, latius porrigit,

Sall. J. 52, 6.—

With designation of the place by in and abl.; by adv. of place; by ante, apud, ad, circa, super, and acc.; by pro and abl.; by abl. alone (very rare), or by in and acc. (very rare): signa domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. 7, 19, 95 (p. 782 P.):

statuite hic lectulos,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

etiamsi in caelo Capitolium statueretur,

Cic. Or. 3, 46, 180:

statuitur Sollius in illo gladiatorum convivio... atuitur, ut dico, eques Romanus in Apronii convivio,

is taken to the banquet, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 sq.:

tabernacula in foro statuere,

Liv. 39, 46, 3:

in principiis statuit tabernaculum,

Nep. Eum. 7, 1:

in nostris castris tibi tabernaculum statue,

Curt. 5, 11, 6; 8, 13, 20:

statui in medium undique conspicuum tabernaculum jussit,

id. 9, 6, 1:

(sagittae) longae, nisi prius in terra statuerent arcum, haud satis apte imponuntur,

id. 8, 14, 19:

sedes curules sacerdotum Augustalium locis, superque eas querceae coronae statuerentur,

Tac. A. 2, 83:

donum deae apud Antium statuitur,

id. ib. 3, 71:

pro rigidis calamos columnis,

Ov. F. 3, 529:

jamque ratem Scythicis auster statuisset in oris,

Val. Fl. 3, 653:

statuere vas in loco frigido,

Pall. Oct. 22.—Of living beings:

capite in terram statuerem, Ut cerebro dispergat viam,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

qui capite ipse sua in statuit vestigia sese (= qui sese ipse capite in sua vestigia statuit),

i. e. stands on his head, Lucr. 4, 472:

patrem ejus a mortuis excitasses, statuisses ante oculos,

Cic. Or. 1, 57, 245:

captivos vinctos in medio statuit,

Liv. 21, 42, 1:

ubi primum equus Curtium in vado statuit,

id. 1, 13, 5:

quattuor cohortes in fronte statuit,

id. 28, 33, 12:

ante se statuit funditores,

id. 42, 58, 10:

puerum ad canendum ante tibicinem cum statuisset,

id. 7, 2, 9:

procul in conspectu eum (Philopoemenem) statuerunt,

id. 39, 49, 11:

media porta robora legionum, duabus circa portis milites levemque armaturam statuit,

id. 23, 16, 8:

bovem ad fanum Dianae et ante aram statuit,

id. 1, 45, 6:

cum Calchanta circa aram statuisset,

Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 6:

marium si qui eo loci statuisset,

id. 3, 1, 2 fin.:

adulescentes ante Caesarem statuunt,

Tac. A. 4, 8:

in fronte statuerat ferratos, in cornibus cohortes,

id. ib. 3, 45:

puer quis Ad cyathum statuetur?

Hor. C. 1, 29, 8:

tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam Ante aras,

id. S. 2, 3, 199:

et statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum,

Verg. A. 9, 627:

clara regione profundi Aetheros innumeri statuerunt agmina cygni,

Stat. Th. 3, 525.—

Pregn., to construct and place, to set up after constructing, to erect, make.

Of statues, temples, columns, altars, trophies, etc.; constr. with acc. alone, or acc. of the structure and dat. of the person for whom or in whose honor it is erected:

siquidem mihi aram et statuam statuis,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 122:

huic statuam statui decet ex auro,

id. Bacch. 4, 4, 1:

ne ego aurea pro statua vineam tibi statuam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 52:

eique statuam equestrem in rostris statui placere,

Cic. Phil. 5, 15, 41; so id. ib. 9, 5, 10; 9, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 151; 2, 2, 20, § 48; so,

simulacrum alicui statuere,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

effigiem,

Verg. A. 2, 184:

Mancinus eo habitu sibi statuit quo, etc. (effigiem),

Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 18:

simulacrum in curia,

Tac. A. 14, 12:

quanam in civitate tempium statueretur,

id. ib. 4, 55:

se primos templum urbis Romae statuisse,

id. ib. 4, 56; so id. ib. 4, 15:

nec tibi de Pario statuam, Germanice, templum,

Ov. P. 4, 8, 31:

templa tibi statuam, tribuam tibi turis honorem,

id. M. 14, 128:

super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui nisi columellam,

Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

victimas atque aras diis Manibus statuentes,

Tac. A. 3, 2:

statuitque aras e cespite,

Ov. M. 7, 240:

statuantur arae,

Sen. Med. 579:

aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

monumentum,

id. ib. § 70; so,

in alio orbe tropaea statuere,

Curt. 7, 7, 14;

so,

Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 18: ut illum di perdant qui primus statuit hic solarium, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5:

princeps Romanis solarium horologium statuisse L. Papirius Cursor proditur,

Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 213:

a miliario in capite Romani fori statuto,

id. 3, 5, 9, § 66:

carceres eo anno in Circo primum statuti,

Liv. 8, 20, 1:

quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere?

Verg. A. 2, 150:

multo altiorem statui crucem jussit,

Suet. Galb. 9:

obeliscam,

Plin. 36, 9, 14, § 71:

at nunc disturba quas statuisti machinas,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 137:

incensis operibus quae statuerat,

Nep. Milt. 7, 4:

si vallum statuitur procul urbis illecebris,

Tac. A. 4, 2:

castra in quinto lapide a Carthagine statuit,

Just. 22, 6, 9.—

Poet. and in post-class. prose (rare):

aliquem statuere = alicui statuam statuere: inter et Aegidas media statuaris in urbe,

Ov. H. 2, 67:

statuarque tumulo hilaris et coronatus,

my statue will be erected, Tac. Dial. 13; so with two acc.: custodem medio statuit quam vilicus horto, whose statue he placed as protectress, etc., Mart. 3, 68, 9; cf.

in double sense: nudam te statuet, i. e. nudam faciet (= nudabit fortunis), and statuam tibi nu dam faciet,

Mart. 4, 28, 8.—

Of cities, etc., to establish, found, build (in class. prose usu. condo):

Agamemnon tres ibi urbes statuit,

Vell. 1, 1, 2:

urbem quam statuo vestra est,

Verg. A. 1, 573:

urbom praeclaram,

id. ib. 4, 655:

Persarum statuit Babylona Semiramis urbem,

Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 21:

ibi civitatem statuerunt,

Just. 23, 1; so,

licentia et impunitas asyla statuendi (= aperiendi),

Tac. A. 3, 60.—Hence, transf.: carmen statuere = carmen condere, to compose, devise a song:

nunc volucrum... inexpertum carmen, quod tacita statuere bruma,

Stat. S. 4, 5, 12.—

To cause to stand still, to stop (rare; cf.

sisto, III. B.): navem extemplo statuimus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 57:

et statuit fessos, fessus et ipse, boves,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 4:

famuli hoc modo statuerunt aquas,

Arn. 1, p. 30: sanguinem, Oct. Hor. 4.—

To cause to stand firm, strengthen, support (rare; = stabilire), only transf.: qui rem publicam certo animo adjuverit, statuerit, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 56, 120 (Trag. Rel. v. 357 Rib.).

Trop.

To establish, constitute (= constituo).

Esp.: exemplum or documentum (v. edo fin., and cf. Sen. Phoen. 320), to set forth an example or precedent for warning or imitation:

statuite exemplum impudenti, date pudori praemium,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 6:

exemplum statuite in me ut adulescentuli Vobis placere studeant potius quam sibi,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 51; Auct. Her. 4, 35, 47:

ut illi intellegere possint, in quo homine statueris exemplum hujus modi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 45, § 111:

in quos aliquid exempli populus Romanus statui putat oportere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 90, §

210: statuam in te exemplum, ne quis posthac infelicibus miseriis patriae illudat,

Just. 8, 7, 14:

documentum autem statui oportere, si quis resipiscat et antiquam societatem respiciat,

Liv. 24, 45, 5: statueretur immo [p. 1753] documentum, quo uxorem imperator acciperet, a precedent, Tac. A. 12, 6.—

Jus statuere, to establish a principle or relation of law:

ut (majores nostri) omnia omnium rerum jura statuerint,

Cic. Caecin. 12, 34: qui magistratum potestatemve habebit, si quid in aliquem novi juris statuerit, ipse quoque, adversario postulante, eodem jure uti debebit, if he has established any new principle of law, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

si quid injungere inferiori velis, id prius in te ac tuos si ipse juris statueris, facilius omnes oboedientes habeas,

if you first admit it against yourself, Liv. 26, 36, 3:

si dicemus in omnibus aequabile jus statui convenire,

equal principles of law should be applied to all, Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4. —

In gen., to establish by authority (of relations, institutions, rights, duties, etc.):

(Numa) omnis partis religionis statuit sanctissime,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

hoc judicium sic exspectatur ut non unae rei statui, sed omnibus constitui putetur,

id. Tull. 15, 36:

ad formandos animos statuendasque vitae leges, Quint. prooem. 14: sic hujus (virtutis) ut caelestium statuta magnitudo est,

Sen. Ep. 79, 10:

vectigal etiam novum ex salaria annona statuerunt,

Liv. 29, 37, 2:

novos statuere fines,

id. 42, 24, 8:

neque eos quos statuit terminos observat,

id. 21, 44, 5:

quibus rebus cum pax statuta esset,

Just. 5, 10, 8; so id. 25, 1, 1:

sedesque ibi statuentibus,

id. 18, 5, 11.—

With double acc., to constitute, appoint, create:

Hirtius arbitrum me statuebat non modo hujus rei, sed totius consulatus sui,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, a, 2:

telluris erum natura nec illum, nec quemquam constituit,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 130:

de principatu (vinorum) se quisque judicem statuet,

Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 59:

praefectus his statuitur Andragoras,

Just. 21, 4, 5.—

To determine, fix, etc. (of temporal or local relations); constr. usually with acc. and dat. or acc. and gen.

Modum statuere alicui or alicujus rei, to determine the manner, mode, or measure of, assign limits, restrictions or restraints to a thing or person, to impose restraints upon.

With dat.:

diuturnitati imperii modum statuendum putavistis,

that a limit should be assigned to the duration of his power, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 26:

statui mihi tum modum et orationi meae,

imposed restraints upon myself and my words, id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

non statuendo felicitati modum, nec cohibendo fortunam,

by not assigning any limits to his success, Liv. 30, 30, 23 (Pompeium) affirmabant, libertati publicae statuturum modum, Vell. 2, 40:

cupidinibus statuat natura modum,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 111:

quem modum sibi ipsa statuit (crudelitas)?

Val. Max. 9, 2 pr.:

modum ipsae res statuunt (i. e. sibi),

Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 216:

modum nuptiarum sumptibus statuerunt,

Just. 21, 4, 5:

timori quem meo statuam modum?

Sen. Thyest. 483;

and with finem: jam statui aerumnis modum et finem cladi,

id. Herc. Fur. 206. —

With gen.:

honestius te inimicitiarum modum statuere potuisse quam me humanitatis,

Cic. Sull. 17, 48:

ipse modum statuam carminis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 44:

errorisque sui sic statuisse modum,

Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 36:

modum statuunt fellis pondere denarii,

they limit the quantity of the gall to the weight of a denarius, Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 254.—

Condicionem or legem alicui, to impose a condition or law upon one, to dictate, assign a condition to:

hanc tu condicionem statuis Gaditanis,

Cic. Balb. 10, 25:

providete ne duriorem vobis condicionem statuatis ordinique vestro quam ferre possit,

id. Rab. Post. 6, 15:

alter eam sibi legem statuerat ut, etc.,

id. Phil. 10, 6, 12: pretio statuta lege ne modum excederet, etc., the law being assigned to the price that not, etc., i. e. the price being limited by the law, etc., Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

pacis legem universae Graeciae statuit,

Just. 9, 5, 2.—So with ellipsis of dat., to agree upon, stipulate:

statutis condicionibus,

Just. 6, 1, 3:

omnibus consentientibus Carthago conditur, statuto annuo vectigali pro solo urbis,

id. 18, 5, 14. —

Finem, to assign or put an end to, make an end of:

haud opinor commode Finem statuisse orationi militem,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 21:

et finem statuit cuppedinis atque timoris,

Lucr. 6, 25:

cum Fulvius Flaccus finem poenae eorum statuere cogeretur,

Val. Max. 3, 2, ext. 1: majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorsi ab diis sunt, et finem statuerunt, finished, Liv. 45, 39, 10; so,

terminum: nam templis numquam statuetur terminus aevi,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 180:

cum consilii tui bene fortiterque suscepti eum tibi finem statueris, quem ipsa fortuna terminum nostrarum contentionum esse voluisset,

since you have assigned that end, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 2.—

Pretium alicui rei, to assign a price to something; fix, determine the price of something:

quae probast mers, pretium ei statuit,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 132:

numquam avare pretium statui arti meae,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 48:

statuit frumento pretium,

Tac. A. 2, 87; so with dat. understood:

ut eos (obsides) pretio quantum ipsi statuissent patres redimi paterentur,

Liv. 45, 42, 7:

pretium statuit (i. e. vecturae et sali),

id. 45, 29, 13; so with in and acc.: ut in singulas amphoras (vini) centeni nummi statuantur, that the price may be set down at 100 sesterces for an amphora, Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 56.—

Statuere diem, horam, tempus, locum alicui rei, or alicui, or with dat. gerund., to assign or appoint a day, time, place, etc. (for the more usual diem dicere):

statutus est comitiis dies,

Liv. 24, 27, 1:

diem patrando facinori statuerat,

id. 35, 35, 15:

multitudini diem statuit ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

Sall. C. 36, 2:

dies insidiis statuitur,

id. J. 70, 3:

ad tempus locumque colloquio statuendum,

Liv. 28, 35, 4:

subverti leges quae sua spatia (= tempora) quaerendis aut potiundis honoribus statuerint,

Tac. A. 2, 36.—With ellipsis of dat.:

observans quem statuere diem,

Mart. 4, 54, 6:

noctem unam poscit: statuitur nox,

Tac. A. 13, 44.—Esp. in the part. statutus, fixed, appointed (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with status; v. sisto fin.):

institum ut quotannis... libri diebus statutis (statis) recitarentur,

Suet. Claud. 42:

ut die statuta omnes equos ante regiam producerent,

Just. 1, 10, 1:

quaedam (genera) statutum tempus anni habent,

Plin. 17, 18, 30, § 135:

fruges quoque maturitatem statuto tempore expectant,

Curt. 6, 3, 7:

sacrificium non esse redditum statuto tempore,

id. 8, 2, 6:

statuto tempore quo urbem Mithridati traderet,

Just. 16, 4, 9:

cum ad statutam horam omnes convenissent,

id. 1, 10, 8:

intra tempus statutum,

fixed by the law, Dig. 4, 4, 19 and 20.—

To recount, count up, state (very rare): statue sex et quinquaginta annos, quibus mox divus Augustus rempublicam rexit: adice Tiberii tres et viginti... centum et viginti anni colliguntur, count, fix the number at, Tac. Or. 17:

Cinyphiae segetis citius numerabis aristas... quam tibi nostrorum statuatur summa laborum,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 29.—

To decide, determine, with reference to a result, to settle, fix, bring about, choose, make a decision.

Of disputes, differences, questions, etc., between others.

With interrog.-clause:

ut statuatis hoc judicio utrum posthac amicitias clarorum virorum calamitati hominibus an ornamento esse malitis,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

eam potestatem habetis ut statuatis utrum nos... semper miseri lugeamus, an, etc.,

id. Mil. 2, 4:

in hoc homine statuatis, possitne senatoribus judicantibus homo nocentissim us pecuniosissimusque damnari,

id. Verr. 1, 16, 47:

vos statuite, recuperatores, utra (sententia) utilior esse videatur,

id. Caecin. 27, 77:

decidis tu statuisque quid iis ad denarium solveretur,

id. Quint. 4, 17:

magni esse judicis statuere quid quemque cuique praestare oporteret,

id. Off. 3, 17, 70:

mihi vero Pompeius statuisse videtur quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

id. Mil. 6, 15:

semel (senatus) statuerent quid donatum Masinissae vellent,

Liv. 42, 23:

nec quid faciendum modo sit statuunt, sed, etc.,

decide, dictate, id. 44, 22:

nondum statuerat conservaret eum necne,

Nep. Eum. 11, 2:

statutumque (est) quantum curules, quantum plebei pignoris caperent,

Tac. A. 13, 28: semel nobis esse statuendum quod consilium in illo sequamur, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4. —

With de:

ut consules de Caesaris actis cognoscerent, statuerent, judicarent,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

et collegas suos de religione statuisse, in senatu de lege statuturos,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

ut de absente eo C. Licinius statueret ac judicaret,

Liv. 42, 22:

si de summa rerum liberum senatui permittat rex statuendi jus,

id. 42, 62: qui ab exercitu ab imperatore eove cui de ea re statuendi potestas fuerit, dimissus erit, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 3, 2, 1.—Often with reference to punishment:

cum de P. Lentulo ceterisque statuetis, pro certo habetote, vos simul de exercitu Catilinae decernere,

Sall. C. 52, 17:

satis visum de Vestilia statuere,

to pass sentence against, Tac. A. 2, 85:

jus statuendi de procuratoribus,

id. ib. 12, 54:

facta patribus potestate statuendi de Caeciliano,

id. ib. 6, 7; so id. ib. 13, 28; cf. id. ib. 15, 14; 2, 85; Suet. Tib. 61 fin. —In partic.: de se statuere, to decide on, or dispose of one's self, i. e. of one's life, = to commit suicide:

eorum qui de se statuebant humabantur corpora,

Tac. A. 6, 29.—

With de and abl. and interrog.-clause:

si quibusdam populis permittendum esse videatur ut statuant ipsi de suis rebus quo jure uti velint,

Cic. Balb. 8, 22.—

With contra:

consequeris tamen ut eos ipsos quos contra statuas aequos placatosque dimittas,

Cic. Or. 10, 34. —

With indef. obj., usu. a neutr. pron.:

utrum igitur hoc Graeci statuent... an nostri praetores?

Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

dixisti quippiam: fixum (i. e. id) et statutum est,

id. Mur. 30, 62:

eoque utrique quod statuit contenti sunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

senatus, ne quid absente rege statueret,

Liv. 39, 24, 13:

maturato opus est, quidquid statuere placet (senatui),

id. 8, 13, 17:

id ubi in P. Licinio ita statutum est,

id. 41, 15, 10:

interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

Curt. 8, 14, 43:

quid in futurum statuerim, aperiam,

Tac. A. 4, 37:

utque rata essent quae procuratores sui in judicando statuerent,

Suet. Claud. 12;

qul statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera, aequum licet statuerit, haud aequus fuit,

Sen. Med. 2, 199:

non ergo quod libet statuere arbiter potest,

Dig. 4, 8, 32, § 15; cf.:

earum rerum quas Caesar statuisset, decrevisset, egisset,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 11.—

With de or super and abl.:

vos de crudelissimis parricidis quid statuatis cunctamini?

Sall. C. 52, 31:

nihil super ea re nisi ex voluntate filii statuere,

Suet. Tib. 13:

ne quid super tanta re absente principe statueretur,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Absol., mostly pass. impers.:

ita expediri posse consilium ut pro merito cujusque statueretur,

Liv. 8, 14, 1:

tunc ut quaeque causa erit statuetis,

id. 3, 53, 10:

non ex rumore statuendum,

decisions should not be founded on rumors, Tac. A. 3, 69.—

With cognoscere, to examine ( officially) and decide:

petit ut vel ipse de eo causa cognita statuat, vel civitatem statuere jubeat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

consuli ut cognosceret statueretque senatus permiserat,

Liv. 39, 3, 2:

missuros qui de eorum controversiis cognoscerent statuerentque,

id. 40, 20, 1; 45, 13, 11:

quod causa cognita erit statuendum,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 8.—

With reference to the mind of the subject, to decide, to make up one's mind, conclude, determine, be convinced, usu. with interrog.clause:

numquam intellegis, statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi homicidae sint an vindices libertatis,

Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30:

illud mirum videri solet, tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum judicem an arbitrum, rem an litem dici oporteret,

id. Mur. 12, 27:

neque tamen possum statuere, utrum magis mirer, etc.,

id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

ipsi statuerent, quo tempore possent suo jure arma capere,

id. Tull. 5, 12:

ut statuerem quid esset faciendum,

id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

statuere enim qui sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis,

id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

si habes jam statutum quid tibi agendum putes,

id. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

tu quantum tribuendum nobis putes statuas ipse, et, ut spero, statues ex nostra dignitate,

id. ib. 5, 8, 4:

vix statui posse utrum quae pro se, an quae contra fratrem petiturus esset ab senatu magis impetrabilia forent,

Liv. 45, 19, 6:

quam satis statuerat, utram foveret partem,

id. 42, 29, 11:

posse ipsam Liviam statuere, nubendum post Drusum, an, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 40:

statue quem poenae extrahas,

Sen. Troad. 661.—So with apud animum, to make up one's mind:

vix statuere apud animum meum possum atrum pejor ipsa res an pejore exemplo agatur,

Liv. 34, 2, 4:

proinde ipsi primum statuerent apud animos quid vellent,

id. 6, 39, 11.—Rarely with neutr, pron. as object:

quidquid nos de communi sententia statuerimus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2:

sic statue, quidquid statuis, ut causam famamque tuam in arto stare scias,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1306.—

To decree, order, prescribe.

With ut or ne: statuunt ut decem milia hominum in oppidum submittantur, [p. 1754] Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

eos (Siculos) statuisse ut hoc quod dico postularet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 103:

statuunt illi atque decernunt ut eae litterae... removerentur,

id. ib. 2, 2, 71, §

173: statuit iste ut arator... vadimonium promitteret,

id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38: orare patres ut statuerent ne absentium nomina reciperentur,

id. ib. 2, 2, 42, §

103: statuitur ne post M. Brutum proconsulem sit Creta provincia,

id. Phil. 2, 38, 97:

(Tiberius) auxit patrum honorem statuendo ut qui ad senatum provocavissent, etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 28:

statuiturque (a senatu) ut... in servitute haberentur,

id. ib. 12, 53.—So of a decree, determination, or agreement by several persons or parties to be carried out by each of them:

statutum esse (inter plebem et Poenos) ut... impedimenta diriperent,

Liv. 23, 16, 6:

Athenienses cum statuerent, ut urbe relicta naves conscenderent,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

statuunt ut fallere custodes tentent,

Ov. M. 4, 84.—

With acc. (post-Aug.):

remedium statuere,

to prescribe a remedy against public abuses, Tac. A. 3, 28; 6, 4:

Caesar ducentesimam (vectigalis) in posterum statuit,

decreed that one half of one per cent. be the tax, id. ib. 2, 42.—So with sic (= hoc):

sic, di, statuistis,

Ov. M. 4, 661.—

With dat. and acc. (not ante-Aug.):

eis (Vestalibus) stipendium de publico statuit,

decreed, allowed a salary, Liv. 1, 20, 3:

Aurelio quoque annuam pecuniam statuit princeps,

decreed, granted, Tac. A. 13, 34:

biduum criminibus obiciendis statuitur,

are allowed, id. ib. 3, 13:

itaque et alimenta pueris statuta... et patribus praemia statuta,

Just. 12, 4, 8:

ceu Aeolus insanis statuat certamina ventis,

Stat. Th. 6, 300:

non hoc statui sub tempore rebus occasum Aeoniis,

id. ib. 7, 219:

statuere alicui munera,

Val. Fl. 2, 566.—

With dat. and interrog.-clause:

cur his quoque statuisti quantum ex hoc genere frumenti darent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53:

ordo iis quo quisque die supplicarent, statutus,

Liv. 7, 28, 8.—

In partic., of punishment, etc., to decree, measure out, inflict.

With poenam, etc., with or without in and acc. pers. (mostly post-Aug.):

considerando... in utra (lege) major poena statuatur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

poenam statui par fuisse,

Tac. A. 14, 49:

qui non judicium, sed poenam statui videbant,

id. ib. 11, 6:

eadem poena in Catum Firmium statuitur,

id. ib. 6, 31:

senatu universo in socios facinoris ultimam statuente poenam,

Suet. Caes. 14;

so with mercedem (= poenam): debuisse gravissimam temeritatis mercedem statui,

Liv. 39, 55, 3; cf.

also: Thrasea, non quidquid nocens reus pati mereretur, id egregio sub principe statuendum disseruit,

Tac. A. 14, 48.— Absol.:

non debere eripi patribus vim statuendi (sc. poenas),

Tac. A. 3, 70.—

With indef. obj., generally with in and acc.: aliquid gravius in aliquem, to proceed severely against:

obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

fac aliquid gravius in Hejum statuisse Mamertinos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 19:

res monet cavere ab illis magis quam quid in illos statuamus consultare,

Sall. C. 52, 3:

qui cum triste aliquid statuit, fit tristis et ipse,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 119:

si quid ob eam rem de se crudelius statuerent,

Just. 2, 15, 10.—

With a word expressing the kind of punishment (post-Aug.):

in Pompeiam Sabinam exilium statuitur,

Tac. A. 6, 24 (18).—

De capite, to pass sentence of death:

legem illam praeclaram quae de capite civis Romani nisi comitiis centuriatis statui vetaret,

Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61.—

Referring to one's own acts, to resolve, determine, purpose, to propose, with inf. (first in Cic.;

freq. and class.): statuit ab initio et in eo perseveravit, jus publicano non dicere,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10:

P. Clodius cum statuisset omni scelere in praetura vexare rem publicam,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

statuerat excusare,

to decline the office, id. Lig. 7, 21:

cum statuissem scribere ad te aliquid,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

quod iste certe statuerat et deliberaverat non adesse,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

se statuisse animum advertere in omnes nauarchos,

id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

105: nam statueram in perpetuum tacere,

id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

statueram... nihil de illo dicere,

id. Fragm. Clod. 1, 1:

statueram recta Appia Romam (i. e. venire),

id. Att. 16, 10, 1:

Pompeius statuerat bello decertare,

Caes. B. C. 3, 86: si cedere hinc statuisset, Liv. 44, 39, 7:

triumphare mense Januario statuerat,

id. 39, 15:

immemor sim propositi quo statui non ultra attingere externa nisi qua Romanis cohaererent rebus,

id. 39, 48:

rex quamquam dissimulare statuerat,

id. 42, 21:

opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit,

id. 42, 54, 9:

ut statuisse non pugnare consules cognitum est,

id. 2, 45, 9:

exaugurare fana statuit,

id. 1, 55, 2:

Delphos mittere statuit,

id. 1, 56, 5:

eos deducere in agros statuerunt,

id. 40, 38, 2:

tradere se, ait, moenia statuisse,

id. 8, 25, 10:

Samnitium exercitus certamine ultimo fortunam experiri statuit,

id. 7, 37, 4:

statuit sic adfectos hosti non obicere,

id. 44, 36, 2:

sub idem tempus statuit senatus Carthaginem excidere,

Vell. 1, 12, 2:

statui pauca disserere,

Tac. H. 4, 73:

amoliri juvenem specie honoris statuit,

id. A. 2, 42:

statuerat urbem novam condere,

Curt. 4, 8, 1:

statuerat parcere urbi conditae a Cyro,

id. 7, 6, 20:

rex statuerat inde abire,

id. 7, 11, 4:

Alexander statuerat ex Syria petere Africam,

id. 10, 1, 17; 10, 5, 24; 5, 27 (9), 13; so,

statutum habere cum animo ac deliberatum,

to have firmly and deliberately resolved, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95.—With sic:

caedis initium fecisset a me, sic enim statuerat,

id. Phil. 3, 7, 29.—

To judge, declare as a judgment, be of opinion, hold (especially of legal opinions), think, consider (always implying the establishment of a principle, or a decided conviction; cf.: existimo, puto, etc.).

With acc. and inf.

In gen.:

senatus consulta falsa delata ab eo judicavimus... leges statuimus per vim et contra auspicia latas,

Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 12:

statuit senatus hoc ne illi quidem esse licitum cui concesserat omnia,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81:

quin is tamen (judex) statuat fieri non posse ut de isto non severissime judicetur,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

144: hujusce rei vos (recuperatores) statuetis nullam esse actionem qui obstiterit armatis hominibus?

id. Caecin. 13, 39, ut quisquam juris numeretur peritus, qui id statuit esse jus quod non oporteat judicari, who holds that to be the law, id. ib. 24, 68:

is (Pompeius) se in publico statuit esse non posse,

id. Pis. 13, 29:

tu unquam tantam plagam tacitus accipere potuisses, nisi hoc ita statuisses, quidquid dixisses te deterius esse facturum?

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133:

si causa cum causa contenderet, nos nostram perfacile cuivis probaturos statuebamus,

we were sure, id. Quint. 30, 92:

non statuit sibi quidquam licere quod non patrem suum facere vidisset,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211:

hi sibi nullam societatem communis utilitatis causa statuunt esse cum civibus,

assume, id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

cum igitur statuisset opus esse ad eam rem constituendam pecunia,

had become convinced, id. ib. 2, 23, 82:

quo cive neminem ego statuo in hac re publica esse fortiorem,

id. Planc. 21, 51:

quam quidem laudem sapientiae statuo esse maximam,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

hoc anno statuit temporis esse satis,

Ov. F. 1, 34:

nolim statuas me mente maligna id facere,

Cat. 67, 37.— So with sic:

velim sic statuas tuas mihi litteras longissimas quasque gratissimas fore,

Cic. Fam. 7, 33 fin.:

ego sic statuo a me in hac causa pietatis potius quam defensionis partes esse susceptas,

I hold, lay down as the principle of my defence, id. Sest. 2, 3:

quod sic statuit omnino consularem legem nullam putare,

id. ib. 64, 135:

sic statuo et judico, neminem tot et tanta habuisse ornamenta dicendi,

id. Or. 2, 28, 122. —Hence, statui, I have judged, i. e. I know, and statueram, I had judged, i. e. I knew:

ut ego qui in te satis consilii statuerim esse, mallem Peducaeum tibi consilium dare quam me, ironically,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4:

qui saepe audissent, nihil esse pulchrius quam Syracusarum moenia, statuerant se, si ea Verre praetore non vidissent, numquam esse visuros,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95.—With neutr. pron.:

si dicam non recte aliquid statuere eos qui consulantur,

that they hold an erroneous opinion, Cic. Caecin. 24, 68; cf.:

quis hoc statuit umquam, aut cui concedi potest, ut eum jure potuerit occidere a quo, etc.,

id. Tull. 24, 56; Quint. 5, 13, 21.—

Particularly of a conclusion drawn from circumstances, to judge, infer, conclude; declare (as an inference):

cum tuto senatum haberi non posse judicavistis, tum statuiistis, etiam intra muros Antonii scelus versari,

Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: quod si aliter statuetis, videte ne hoc vos statuatis, qui vivus decesserit, ei vim non esse factam, id. Caecin. 16, 46:

quid? si tu ipse statuisti, bona P. Quinctii ex edicto possessa non esse?

id. Quint. 24, 76:

ergo ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

id. Off. 3, 16, 67:

Juppiter esse pium statuit quodcumque juvaret,

Ov. H. 4, 133.—With neutr. pron.:

hoc (i. e. litteris Gabinii credendum non esse) statuit senatus cum frequens supplicationem Gabinio denegavit,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 6, 14:

quod si tum statuit opus esse, quid cum ille decessisset, Flacco existimatis statuendum et faciendum fuisse?

id. Fl. 12, 29; cf. id. Caecin. 16, 46, supra; so,

hoc si ita statuetis,

id. ib. 16, 47.—

Esp. with gerund.-clause.

To hold, judge, think, consider, acknowledge, that something must be done, or should have been done:

tu cum tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas... non statuebas tibi de illorum factis rationem esse reddendam?

did you not consider, did it not strike you? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: statuit, si hoc crimen extenuari vellet, nauarchos omnes vita esse privandos, he thought it necessary to deprive, etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

103: ut statuas mihi non modo non cedendum, sed etiam tuo auxilio utendum fuisse,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 10:

statuebam sic, boni nihil ab illis nugis expectandum,

id. Sest. 10, 24:

Antigonus statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum,

Nep. Eum. 8, 4. —So with opus fuisse:

ut hoc statuatis oratione longa nihil opus fuisse,

acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56: causam sibi dicendam esse statuerat jam ante quam hoc usu venit, knew (cf. a. supra), id. ib. 2, 5, 39, § 101. —

To think that one must do something, to resolve, propose, usu. with dat. pers.:

manendum mihi statuebam quasi in vigilia quadam consulari ac senatoria,

Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1: quae vobis fit injuria si statuimus, vestro nobis judicio standum esse, if we conclude, purpose, to abide, etc., id. Fl. 27, 65:

ut ea quae statuisses tibi in senatu dicenda, reticeres,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 1:

statuit tamen nihil sibi in tantis injuriis gravius faciendum,

id. Clu. 6, 16:

Caesar statuit exspectandam classem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

non expectandum sibi statuit dum, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 11:

quod eo tempore statuerat non esse faciendum,

id. B. C. 3, 44:

statuit sibi nihil agitandum,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

Metellus statuit alio more bellum gerendum,

id. ib. 54, 5:

Laco statuit accuratius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazo,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 2:

sororis filios tollendos statuit,

Just. 38, 1.—

With ut:

si, ut Manilius statuebat, sic est judicatum (= ut judicandum esse statuebat),

Cic. Caecin. 24, 69:

ut veteres statuerunt poetae (ut = quod ita esse),

id. Arat. 267 (33): quae majora auribus accepta sunt quam oculis noscuntur, ut statuit, as he thought, i. e. that those things were greater, etc., Liv. 45, 27:

cum esset, ut ego mihi statuo, talis qualem te esse video,

Cic. Mur. 14, 32.—

With two acc. (= duco, existimo):

omnes qui libere de re publica sensimus, statuit ille quidem non inimicos, sed hostes,

regarded not as adversaries, but as foes, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 3:

Anaximenes aera deum statuit,

id. N. D. 10, 26:

voluptatem summum bonum statuens,

id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

video Lentulum cujus ego parentem deum ac patronum statuo fortunae ac nominis mei,

id. Sest. 69, 144:

si rectum statuerimus concedere amicis quidquid velint,

id. Lael. 11, 38:

Hieronymus summum bonum statuit non dolere,

id. Fin. 2, 6, 19:

noster vero Plato Titanum e genere statuit eos qui... adversentur magistratibus,

id. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

decretum postulat, quo justae inter patruos fratrumque filias nuptiae statuerentur,

Tac. A. 12, 7:

optimum in praesentia statuit reponere odium,

id. Agr. 39.— P. a.: stătūtus, a, um, i. e. baculo, propped, leaning on a stick (dub. v. I. C. supra):

vidistis senem... statutum, ventriosum?

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 11.—Hence, subst.: stătūtum, i, n., a law, decision, determination, statute (late Lat.):

Dei,

Lact. 2, 16, 14:

Parcarum leges ac statuta,

id. 1, 11, 14:

statuta Dei et placita,

id. 7, 25, 8.