nisus+n+m

āla, ae, f. [for axla, contr. from axilla, Cic. Or. 45, 153; cf. anchos = ômos (Hesych.) = shoulder = O. H. Germ. Ahsala; Germ. Achsel].

Lit., a wing, as of a bird: galli plausu premunt alas, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26; Verg. A. 3, 226 al.: Me. Vox mihi ad aurīs advolavit. So. Ne ego homo infelix fui, qui non alas intervelli, that I did not pluck off its wings, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.— Poet., of the gods:

Mors atris circumvolat alis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 58:

volucris Fati Tardavit alas,

id. C. 2, 17, 25:

bibulae Cupidinis alae,

Ov. A. A. 1, 233:

furvis circumdatus alis Somnus,

Tib. 2, 1, 89:

me jocundis Sopor impulit alis,

Prop. 1, 3, 45:

Madidis Notus evolat alis,

Ov. M. 1, 264.—Of sails:

velorum pandimus alas,

Verg. A. 3, 520.—Of oars:

classis centenis remiget alis,

Prop. 4, 6, 47:

remigium alarum,

Verg. A. 1, 301 (cf. Hom. Od. 11, 125);

so inversely remi is used of wings: super fluctus alarum insistere remis,

Ov. M. 5, 558 (cf. pterois eressei, Eur. Iphig. Taur. 289; Aeschyl. Agam. 52; and cf. Lucr. 6, 743). —Of wind and lightning:

Nisus Emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis,

Verg. A. 5, 319 al. —

Transf.

In man, the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit, Liv. 9, 41; 30, 34:

aliquid sub alā portare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 12:

hirquinae,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

hirsutae,

Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

halitus oris et alarum vitia,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

virus alarum et sudores,

id. 35, 15, 52, § 185:

sudor alarum,

Petr. 128 (many Romans were accustomed to pluck out the hair from the armpits, Sen. Ep. 114; Juv. 11, 157; v. alipilus).—

In animals, the hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder - blade. —Of elephants, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 324.—Of frogs, Plin. 9, 51, 74, § 159.—

In trees and plants, the hollow where the branch unites with the stem, Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 29; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 25, 5, 18, § 38 al.—

In buildings, the wings, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, the colonnades; called also in Gr. ptera, Vitr. 6, 4, 137; 4, 7, 92.—

In milit. lang., the wing of an army (thus conceived of as a bird of prey), commonly composed of the Roman cavalry and the troops of the allies, esp. their horsemen; hence, alarii in contrast with legionarii, and separated from them in enumeration, also having a leader, called praefectus alae, Tac. H. 2, 59 al.; cf. Lips. de Milit. Rom. 1, 10 Manut.; Cic. Fam. 2, 17 fin.; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 51; Smith, Dict. Antiq.; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1:

Alae, equites: ob hoc alae dicti, quia pedites tegunt alarum vice,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 121: peditatu, equitibus atque alis cum hostium legionibus pugnavit, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

dextera ala (in alas divisum socialem exercitum habebat) in primā acie locata est,

Liv. 31, 21; Vell. 2, 117 al.—An ala, as a military division, usu. consisted of about 500 men, Liv. 10, 29.

—So, Ala Flaviana, Ala Nova, et saep. (cf. castrum, II. 1. fin.).

an-nītor (better adn-), nīsus or nixus, 3, v. dep.

Lit., to press upon or against, to lean upon; with ad or dat. (most freq. after the commencement of the Aug. per.):

natura ad aliquod tamquam adminiculum adnititur,

Cic. Lael. 23, 88:

hasta ingenti adnixa columnae,

Verg. A. 12, 92:

stant longis adnixi hastis,

id. ib. 9, 229:

Latona oleae adnisa,

Tac. A. 3, 61.—

Trop., to take pains about something, to exert one's self, strive; constr. with ut or ne. or a gerund with ad (mostly prose).

With ut or ne:

quo mihi acrius adnitendum est, ut, etc.,

Sall. J. 85, 6; Liv. 6, 6:

omni ope adnisi sunt, ut, etc.,

id. 8, 16; 22, 58; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186:

omni ope adniti, ne quis e plebe, etc.,

Plin. Pan. 25 fin. —

Ad ea patranda omnis civitas summo studio adnitebatur, Sall. J. 43, 4; Liv. 27, 14.—Other constructions:

With de:

nisi Bibulus adniteretur de triumpho,

Cic. Att. 6, 8; Liv. 5, 25.—

With pro:

patres non temere pro ullo aeque adnisi sunt,

Liv. 2, 61.—

With acc. of pron., Plin. Ep. 6, 18.—

With inf.:

adnitentibus retinere morem,

Tac. H. 4, 8; 5, 8.—

Absol.:

adnitente Crasso,

Sall. C. 19, 1; so id. J. 85, 47; Liv. 21, 8.

► adnītendus, a, um, in pass. signif.:

si in concordiā adnitendā (i. e. procurandā),

Gell. 2, 12, 5.

cō-nītor (less correctly con-nītor; cf.

Ritschl, Opusc. II. 448 sq.), nisus or nix us (conisus,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 29; Liv. 1, 33, 5; 3, 63, 4 et saep.; Val. Max. 2, 7, 2; Ser. Ep. 94, 31; Val. Fl. 3, 193; Sil. 2, 629; Tac. A. 11, 31; 15, 42 al.:

conixus,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 47 B. and K.; id. N. D. 2, 43, 110; Lucr. 2, 160; Verg. E. 1, 15; id. A. 5, 264 et saep.; Liv. 3, 70, 5 al.; Plin. 8, 8, 8, § 26; Sil. 9, 379; Tac. H. 4, 53; Gell. 15, 16, 4), 3, v. dep. ( inf. conitier, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44; cf. Trag. Rel. p. 284 Rib.), to put forth all one's strength, strive, struggle, endeavor.

Lit., of physical exertion.

In gen.

Absol. or with abl. of means:

pol si quidem Conisus esses, per corium, per viscera Perque os elephanti transmineret bracchium,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 29: dein ejus germanum cornibus conitier, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44 (Trag. Praet. v. 23 Rib.):

corniger est valido conixus corpore taurus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 43, 110; cf.:

atque genu flexo Taurus conititur ingens,

id. Arat. 290 (536):

illam famuli ferebant, conixi umeris,

Verg. A. 5, 264:

dextrā,

id. ib. 5, 642:

fert ingens toto conixus corpore saxum,

id. ib. 10, 127:

adversis Conixi incurrunt hastis,

id. ib. 11, 613:

undique omnes conisi hostem avertunt,

Liv. 3, 63, 4; 35, 5, 12:

omnibus copiis conisus Ancus,

id. 1, 33, 5:

tres juvenes conixi arborem unam evellebant,

id. 33, 5, 7; 41, 4, 2:

Antiochus omnibus regni viribus conixus,

id. 33, 19, 9:

ni equestre proelium conixi omni vi perficerent,

id. 3, 70, 5:

totis conisus viribus,

Val. Fl. 3, 193:

si coniterentur (mulae),

Dig. 9, 2, 52, § 2.—

With inf.:

coniterentur modo uno animo omnes invadere hostem,

Liv. 9, 31, 12 Weissenb. ad loc.:

inligare conisa est,

Tac. A. 15, 51; Dig. 23, 3, 9, § 3.—

With ut:

(parvi) conituntur sese ut erigant,

Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42.—

With ad and acc.:

ut rursus ad surgendum coniti non possent,

Curt. 7, 3, 13:

ceteris ad convincendum eum conisis,

Tac. A. 15, 66:

omnibus imperii nervis ad revocandam pristinae disciplinam militiae conisus est,

Val. Max. 2, 7, 2.—

Esp.,

To press upon, press toward, struggle toward, strive to reach; with in and acc. of place:

equitatus summum in jugum virtute conititur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

in unum locum,

Liv. 31, 21, 10:

praealtam in arborem,

Tac. A. 11, 31.—So poet., of a weapon:

in hastam,

Sil. 10, 252.—Of things:

in quem coepere locum conixa feruntur (primordia rerum),

Lucr. 2, 160.—

To struggle in giving birth, to labor (cf. enitor):

spem gregis, ah! silice in nudā conixa reliquit,

Verg. E. 1, 15. —

Trop., of mental effort, etc.:

praesto est domina omnium et regina, ratio, quae conixa per se et progressa longius, fit perfecta virtus,

putting forth her own energy, Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 47:

quantum coniti animo potes,

id. Off. 3, 2, 6.

ē-mĭco, cŭi (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 17), cātum, 1, v. n., to spring out, spring forth, to break forth, appear quickly (not freq. till after the Aug. per.; in Cic. and Caes. not at all).

Lit.:

emicat ex oculis, spirat quoque pectore flamma,

Ov. M. 8, 356:

flamma ex monte,

Plin. 2, 88, 89, § 203:

multi calami ex una radice,

id. 27, 8, 40, § 62:

dracones de extis,

id. 11, 37, 77, § 197:

fulgura ab omni parte caeli,

Curt. 8, 4: corpore sanguis (so Lachm.;

Munro, e corpore),

Lucr. 2, 195:

uterque pronus carcere,

Ov. M. 10, 652:

scaturigines,

Liv. 44, 33:

cruor alte,

Ov. M. 4, 121:

sanguis per foramen,

id. ib. 9, 130:

scintillae inter fumum,

Quint. 8, 5, 29:

sol super terras,

Val. Fl. 4, 96; cf.

dies,

id. 1, 655:

telum nervo,

Ov. M. 5, 67; cf.:

saxa tormento,

Liv. 44, 10: hostem rati, emicant, sine discrimine insultant, rush forth, Flor. 1, 18, 4 et saep.:

(sanguis) in illam partem,

Lucr. 4, 1050:

juvenum manus emicat ardens in litus,

Verg. A. 6, 5; cf.:

in currum,

id. ib. 12, 327:

Nisus ante omnia corpora,

id. ib. 5, 319:

sanguis in altum,

Ov. M. 6, 260:

rami in excelsum,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 23 al.; cf. comically: cor coepit in pectus emicare, to leap, * Plaut. Aul. 4, 3, 4.—

Transf., to stretch forth, project:

scopulus alto gurgite,

Ov. M. 9, 225.—

Trop., to be prominent or conspicuous, to become apparent:

inter quae verbum emicuit si forte decorum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 73:

Agrippinae is pavor, ea consternatio mentis emicuit, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 13, 16.—Esp. of good qualities, etc.:

quos et magnitudine animi et claritate rerum longe emicuisse,

to have shone forth, Curt. 7, 6, 20:

egregia virtus Scaevae centurionis emicuit,

Flor. 4, 2, 40; cf.:

inter ceteros Themistoclis gloria emicuit,

Just. 2, 9, 15.

ē-nītor, -nīsus or -nixus (enixus, of bodily exertion, esp. of childbirth: enisus, of labor for an end, esp. of mental effort, etc., v. infra), 3, v. dep. n. and act.

To force or work one's way out; or (more freq.) to force one's way up, to mount up, climb, ascend.

Lit.:

per angustias aditus et ingruentem multitudinem,

Tac. A. 16, 5; cf. Liv. 30, 24; 21, 36:

dum cohortes in aequum eniterentur,

Tac. A. 2, 80 fin.:

adeo erat impedita vallis, ut in ascensu, nisi sublevati a suis, primi non facile eniterentur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 34, 5; cf. Liv. 2, 65; Ov. M. 2, 64; Hor. C. 3, 3, 10:

sol per ardua enisus,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264:

in editiora,

Tac. A. 1, 70:

in verticem montis,

Curt. 7, 11:

enisae legiones in aperta,

Tac. A. 1, 65:

Vitellius in editiora enisus,

id. ib. 1, 70.— Poet.:

viribus eniti quarum assuescant (vites),

by whose strength they may mount up, Verg. G. 2, 360:

opibus fratris enisus,

Tac. A. 14, 28.—

Trop.:

nihil tam alte natura constituit, quo virtus non posset eniti,

Curt. 7, 11, 10.—

In gen., to exert one's self, to make an effort, to struggle, strive, sc. to accomplish something.—With ut:

enitare, contendas, efficias, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; so id. Lael. 16, 59; id. Off. 3, 10, 42; id. Rep. 2, 30; id. Att. 9, 15, 4:

tantum celeritate navis enisus est, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 4:

ab adulescentia ita se enisum ut ab optimo quoque probaretur,

Sall. J. 22, 2; Liv. 42, 46 et saep.—With ne:

illud pugna et enitere, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3; so Sall. J. 10 fin.—Pass. impers.:

ab eisdem summa ope enisum, ne tale decretum fieret,

Sall. J. 25, 2.—Less commonly with inf.:

corrigere mihi gnatum porro enitere,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 17 Ruhnk.; so Sall. J. 14, 1; Hor. C. 3, 27, 47; id. A. P. 236.— Absol.:

ego, quod potero, enitar sedulo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 6, 24 (twice); Quint. 7, 10, 14 al.; cf.:

pro aliquo,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 11:

in aliqua re,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72 fin.:

ad dicendum,

id. ib. 1, 4, 14: quod (acc. respect, v. A. and S. Gr. §

232, 3): quidem certe enitar,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 2; cf. id. ib. 13, 25 fin., Orell. N. cr. —

Act. (perh. not ante-Aug.).

To bring forth, bear children or young:

plures enisa partus decessit,

Liv. 40, 4: enixa, with acc., Quint. 6 prooem. § 4; Tac. A. 2, 84; 14, 12; Suet. Tib. 4; Verg. A. 3, 391; 8, 44; Ov. M. 1, 670; 3, 344 et saep.— Absol., Quint. 5, 13, 9; Tac. A. 5, 1; Suet. Calig. 25; id. Ner. 23 al.—

To climb up, ascend a place:

Pyrenaeum et Alpes et immensa viarum spatia aegre,

Tac. H. 1, 23 fin.:

aggerem,

id. A. 2, 20:

totum spatium,

Col. 2, 2, 27.— Hence, ēnixus ( ēnīsus), a, um, P. a.

Strenuous, earnest, zealous:

faciebat enixo studio, ne, etc.,

Liv. 42, 3; cf.

opera (with prompta), Frontin. Strat. 2, 5, 30: virtus,

Liv. 6, 24 fin.:

voluntas,

Dig. 31, 1, 77, § 23:

enixo studio petere,

Val. Max. 8, 15, ext. 1.— Comp.:

opera,

Sen. Ben. 6, 17; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32.—

Ēnixa, that has ceased to bear, Col. 6, 22, 1 Schneid.— Adv.

ēnixe, strenuously, earnestly, zealously:

expeto,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 26:

causam suscipere,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38; Caes. B. C. 3, 35 fin.; Liv. 4, 26 fin.; 41; 6, 40;

26, 47: petere,

Sen. Ep. 95, 2 et saep.— Comp., Liv. 29, 1; Suet. Tib. 50; id. Galb. 3:

enixius orare, Greg. M. Dial. 4, 38 al.: animum imperatoris enixius deprecari,

Amm. 15, 7; App. M. 2, p. 117, 20.— Sup., Suet. Caes. 5.—

ēnixim, the same, Sisenn. ap. Non. 107, 19.

signif.

Born:

quod in luco Martis enixi sunt,

Just. 43, 2, 7.—

Impers.: ab eisdem illis regis fautoribus summa ope enisum, ne tale decretum fieret, striven to their utmost to prevent, etc., Sall. J. 25, 2.

ē-nītor, -nīsus or -nixus (enixus, of bodily exertion, esp. of childbirth: enisus, of labor for an end, esp. of mental effort, etc., v. infra), 3, v. dep. n. and act.

To force or work one's way out; or (more freq.) to force one's way up, to mount up, climb, ascend.

Lit.:

per angustias aditus et ingruentem multitudinem,

Tac. A. 16, 5; cf. Liv. 30, 24; 21, 36:

dum cohortes in aequum eniterentur,

Tac. A. 2, 80 fin.:

adeo erat impedita vallis, ut in ascensu, nisi sublevati a suis, primi non facile eniterentur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 34, 5; cf. Liv. 2, 65; Ov. M. 2, 64; Hor. C. 3, 3, 10:

sol per ardua enisus,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264:

in editiora,

Tac. A. 1, 70:

in verticem montis,

Curt. 7, 11:

enisae legiones in aperta,

Tac. A. 1, 65:

Vitellius in editiora enisus,

id. ib. 1, 70.— Poet.:

viribus eniti quarum assuescant (vites),

by whose strength they may mount up, Verg. G. 2, 360:

opibus fratris enisus,

Tac. A. 14, 28.—

Trop.:

nihil tam alte natura constituit, quo virtus non posset eniti,

Curt. 7, 11, 10.—

In gen., to exert one's self, to make an effort, to struggle, strive, sc. to accomplish something.—With ut:

enitare, contendas, efficias, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; so id. Lael. 16, 59; id. Off. 3, 10, 42; id. Rep. 2, 30; id. Att. 9, 15, 4:

tantum celeritate navis enisus est, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6, 4:

ab adulescentia ita se enisum ut ab optimo quoque probaretur,

Sall. J. 22, 2; Liv. 42, 46 et saep.—With ne:

illud pugna et enitere, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3; so Sall. J. 10 fin.—Pass. impers.:

ab eisdem summa ope enisum, ne tale decretum fieret,

Sall. J. 25, 2.—Less commonly with inf.:

corrigere mihi gnatum porro enitere,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 17 Ruhnk.; so Sall. J. 14, 1; Hor. C. 3, 27, 47; id. A. P. 236.— Absol.:

ego, quod potero, enitar sedulo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 15; Cic. Rep. 6, 24 (twice); Quint. 7, 10, 14 al.; cf.:

pro aliquo,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 11:

in aliqua re,

Cic. de Or. 2, 72 fin.:

ad dicendum,

id. ib. 1, 4, 14: quod (acc. respect, v. A. and S. Gr. §

232, 3): quidem certe enitar,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 2; cf. id. ib. 13, 25 fin., Orell. N. cr. —

Act. (perh. not ante-Aug.).

To bring forth, bear children or young:

plures enisa partus decessit,

Liv. 40, 4: enixa, with acc., Quint. 6 prooem. § 4; Tac. A. 2, 84; 14, 12; Suet. Tib. 4; Verg. A. 3, 391; 8, 44; Ov. M. 1, 670; 3, 344 et saep.— Absol., Quint. 5, 13, 9; Tac. A. 5, 1; Suet. Calig. 25; id. Ner. 23 al.—

To climb up, ascend a place:

Pyrenaeum et Alpes et immensa viarum spatia aegre,

Tac. H. 1, 23 fin.:

aggerem,

id. A. 2, 20:

totum spatium,

Col. 2, 2, 27.— Hence, ēnixus ( ēnīsus), a, um, P. a.

Strenuous, earnest, zealous:

faciebat enixo studio, ne, etc.,

Liv. 42, 3; cf.

opera (with prompta), Frontin. Strat. 2, 5, 30: virtus,

Liv. 6, 24 fin.:

voluntas,

Dig. 31, 1, 77, § 23:

enixo studio petere,

Val. Max. 8, 15, ext. 1.— Comp.:

opera,

Sen. Ben. 6, 17; Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 32.—

Ēnixa, that has ceased to bear, Col. 6, 22, 1 Schneid.— Adv.

ēnixe, strenuously, earnestly, zealously:

expeto,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 26:

causam suscipere,

Cic. Sest. 16, 38; Caes. B. C. 3, 35 fin.; Liv. 4, 26 fin.; 41; 6, 40;

26, 47: petere,

Sen. Ep. 95, 2 et saep.— Comp., Liv. 29, 1; Suet. Tib. 50; id. Galb. 3:

enixius orare, Greg. M. Dial. 4, 38 al.: animum imperatoris enixius deprecari,

Amm. 15, 7; App. M. 2, p. 117, 20.— Sup., Suet. Caes. 5.—

ēnixim, the same, Sisenn. ap. Non. 107, 19.

signif.

Born:

quod in luco Martis enixi sunt,

Just. 43, 2, 7.—

Impers.: ab eisdem illis regis fautoribus summa ope enisum, ne tale decretum fieret, striven to their utmost to prevent, etc., Sall. J. 25, 2.

Euryālus, i, m., = Euruêlos, a hill near Syracuse, Liv. 25, 25.

Euryălus, i, m., = Eurualos.

A friend of Nisus, Verg. A. 5, 294; 9, 179 sq.; Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 23.—

A king of Thessaly, Ov. Ib. 289.

in-nītor, nixus or nīsus, 3, v. dep., to lean or rest upon, to support one ' s self by any thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

vineis breves ad innitendum cannas circumdare,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 185.

With dat. and abl.:

innititur hastae,

Ov. M. 14, 655:

fractae hastae,

Stat. Th. 12, 144:

scutis innixi,

Caes. B. G. 2, 27:

templa vastis innixa columnis,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 49:

arbores radicibus innixae,

Plin. 16, 31, 56, § 127:

hasta innixus,

Liv. 4, 19, 4:

moderamine navis,

Ov. M. 15, 726.—

With in and acc.:

in Pansam fratrem innixus,

Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 182.—

In partic., to lean upon in order to press down, to press or bear upon:

elephantus lixam genu innixus,

Hirt. B. Afr. 84.—

Trop.

In gen.:

praecipuus, cui secreta imperatorum inniterentur,

Tac. A. 3, 30:

salutem suam incolumitati Pisonis,

id. ib. 15, 60:

omnia curae tutelaeque unius innixa,

Quint. 6, 1, 35:

tuis promissis freti et innixi,

Plin. Pan. 66, 5.—

In partic., to end, terminate: syllabae nostrae in b litteram et d innituntur, Quint. 12, 10, 32.—

Innixum sidus, i. q. En gonasi, Avien. Arat. 205.

lĕvis, e, adj. [for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. elachus], light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).

Lit.:

leviora corpora (opp. graviora),

Lucr. 2, 227:

aether,

id. 5, 459:

aura,

id. 3, 196:

levior quam pluma,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

stipulae,

Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor:

levis armaturae Numidae,

the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.:

sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio,

Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so,

miles,

a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf.

of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves,

Tac. G. 6:

flebis in solo levis angiportu,

Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the earth upon the dead:

terraque securae sit super ossa levis,

Tib. 2, 4, 50;

esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos,

the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14:

virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.— Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—

Transf.

Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula,

lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18:

leves malvae,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.:

gravi Malvae salubres corpori,

id. Epod. 2, 57).—

Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.:

agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo),

a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.:

leves venti,

Ov. M. 15, 346:

flatus,

Sil. 15, 162:

currus,

light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150:

levi deducens pollice filum,

light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so,

pollex,

id. ib. 6, 22:

saltus,

id. ib. 7, 767;

3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores,

Nep. Iphicr. 1:

Messapus levis cursu,

Verg. A. 12, 489:

leves Parthi,

id. G. 4, 314:

equus,

Val. Fl. 1, 389:

Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 31:

quaere modos leviore plectro,

nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40:

et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā,

Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. ( poet.):

omnes ire leves,

Sil. 16, 488:

exsultare levis,

id. 10, 605:

levior discurrere,

id. 4, 549:

nullo levis terrore moveri,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514:

hora,

fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181:

terra,

light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92:

et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora,

Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3;

so (opp graviora),

id. ib. —

Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488:

tactus,

a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180:

strepitus,

id. ib. 7, 840:

stridor,

id. ib. 4, 413.

Trop.

Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.):

nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45:

leve et infirmum,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt;

ad motum animi... leviora,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras,

id. Planc. 26, 63:

auditio,

a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42:

cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper,

something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

dolor,

id. Fin. 1, 12, 40:

proelium,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

periculum,

id. B. C. 3, 26:

in aliquem merita,

id. ib. 2, 32, 10:

leviore de causa,

id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.:

praecordia levibus flagrantia causis,

Juv. 13, 182:

effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus,

Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.:

in levi habitum,

was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54:

levia sed nimium queror,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 63:

quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus,

no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240:

quidquid levius putaris,

easier, id. 10, 344.—

With gen. ( poet.):

opum levior,

Sil. 2, 102.—

In disposition or character.

Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false:

homo levior quam pluma,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

ne me leviorem erga te putes,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 34:

tu levior cortice,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

vitium levium hominum atque fallacium,

Cic. Lael. 25, 91:

quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves,

id. ib. 17, 63:

leves ac nummarii judices,

id. Clu. 28, 75:

sit precor illa levis,

Tib. 1, 6, 56:

levi brachio aliquid agere,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6:

quid levius aut turpius,

Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.:

auctor,

Liv. 5, 15:

leves amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 26, 100:

spes,

vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:

leviores mores,

Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—

Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare):

quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and:

levior reprehensio,

id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est,

the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.:

nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28:

exsilium,

mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.

Lit. (rare):

armati,

light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.—Of the blow of a weapon:

levius casura pila sperabat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—

Trop.

Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat:

leviter densae nubes,

Lucr. 6, 248:

inflexum bacillum,

Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30:

genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter),

id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

saucius,

id. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

non leviter lucra liguriens,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:

agnoscere aliquid,

id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

eruditus,

id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.— Comp.:

quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser,

so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:

dolere,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.— Sup.:

ut levissime dicam,

to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin. —

Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity:

id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

sed levissime feram, si, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.— Comp.:

levius torquetis Arachne,

more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.

lēvis (erroneously laevis), e, adj. [Gr. leios, leuros], smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi,

id. Part. Or. 10, 36:

Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem,

id. Univ. 6:

pocula,

smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91:

pharetrae,

id. ib. 5, 558:

brassica,

Cato, R. R. 15, 7:

levissima corpora,

Lucr. 4, 659:

coma pectine levis,

Ov. M. 12, 409:

nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae,

Hor. C. 2, 20, 11:

levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis,

Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.— Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, [p. 1055] Verg. A. 5, 328:

levis Juventas ( = imberbis),

smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so,

ora,

Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31:

crura,

Juv. 8, 115:

sponsus,

id. 3, 111:

caput,

id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful:

pectus,

Verg. A. 11, 40:

frons,

id. E. 6, 51:

umeri,

id. A. 7, 815:

colla,

Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate:

vir,

Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.:

externi ne quid valeat per leve morari,

smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so,

per leve,

Pers. 1, 64:

per levia,

Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—

Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—

Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.):

oratio (opp. aspera),

Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so,

levis verborum concursus (opp. asper),

id. de Or. 3, 43, 171:

levis et aspera (vox),

Quint. 11, 3, 15:

levis et quadrata compositio,

id. 2, 5, 9:

levia ac nitida,

id. 5, 12, 18:

(aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur,

id. 9, 4, 116.— Adv. does not occur.

nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.

Lit.

With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:

stirpibus suis niti,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,

id. Sen. 15, 51:

hastili nixus,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

mulierculā nixus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

juvenis, qui nititur hastā,

Verg. A. 6, 760:

paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,

id. ib. 4, 252:

nixus baculo,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—

With in and acc.:

nixus in hastam,

Verg. A. 12, 398.—

With de:

de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,

Ov. H. 21, 100.—

With gen. of place:

humi nitens,

Verg. A. 2, 380.—

Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

niti modo ac statim concidere,

to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—

Transf.

To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):

quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

in altas rupes,

Luc. 4, 37:

ad sidera,

Verg. G. 2, 427:

in aëra,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:

in adversum,

id. M. 2, 72:

sursum nitier,

Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:

niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,

to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—

To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):

nitor,

I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—

To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—

Trop.

To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:

moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

nisurus contra regem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:

pro aliquo,

Liv. 35, 10; cf.:

pro libertate summā ope niti,

Sall. J. 31, 17:

nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,

Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:

unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:

summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

patriam recuperare niti,

Nep. Pelop. 2:

ingenio nitor non periisse meo,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:

tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—

To strive after a thing:

ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82:

ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—

To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:

nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—

To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.

With in and abl.:

nixus in nomine inani,

Lucr. 5, 909:

conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:

ea, in quibus causa nititur,

id. Cael. 10, 25:

cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,

id. Mil. 7, 19.—

With abl.:

spe niti,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:

consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,

id. Clu. 40, 112.—

With ubi:

quo confugies? ubi nitere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,

Ov. M. 9, 294.

nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.

Lit.:

nitor exoriens aurorae,

Lucr. 4, 538:

diurnus,

the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:

herbarum viridis,

Lucr. 5, 783:

argenti et auri,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:

eboris,

Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:

materiae,

of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:

speculi,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:

gladii,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:

nigerrimus gemmae,

id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:

nitorem cutis facit sal,

id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:

nitores splendoresque auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4.—

Transf.

Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:

nitor corporis,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

urit me Glycerae nitor,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

Liparei nitor Hebri,

id. ib. 3, 12, 6:

nullus totā nitor in cute,

Juv. 9, 13.—

Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:

si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

Cic. Cael. 31, 77:

habitus,

Juv. 3, 180:

oppidum praecipui nitoris,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—

In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:

ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,

Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—

Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:

adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,

Cic. Or. 32, 115:

domesticus eloquii,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:

nitor et cultus descriptionum,

Tac. Or. 20:

translationum,

Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:

sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

eruditione ac nitore praestare,

id. 10, 1, 98:

scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

Of character, dignity, excellence:

generis,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149.

nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.

Lit.

With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:

stirpibus suis niti,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,

id. Sen. 15, 51:

hastili nixus,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

mulierculā nixus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

juvenis, qui nititur hastā,

Verg. A. 6, 760:

paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,

id. ib. 4, 252:

nixus baculo,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—

With in and acc.:

nixus in hastam,

Verg. A. 12, 398.—

With de:

de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,

Ov. H. 21, 100.—

With gen. of place:

humi nitens,

Verg. A. 2, 380.—

Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

niti modo ac statim concidere,

to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—

Transf.

To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):

quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

in altas rupes,

Luc. 4, 37:

ad sidera,

Verg. G. 2, 427:

in aëra,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:

in adversum,

id. M. 2, 72:

sursum nitier,

Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:

niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,

to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—

To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):

nitor,

I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—

To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—

Trop.

To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:

moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

nisurus contra regem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:

pro aliquo,

Liv. 35, 10; cf.:

pro libertate summā ope niti,

Sall. J. 31, 17:

nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,

Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:

unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:

summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

patriam recuperare niti,

Nep. Pelop. 2:

ingenio nitor non periisse meo,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:

tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—

To strive after a thing:

ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82:

ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—

To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:

nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—

To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.

With in and abl.:

nixus in nomine inani,

Lucr. 5, 909:

conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:

ea, in quibus causa nititur,

id. Cael. 10, 25:

cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,

id. Mil. 7, 19.—

With abl.:

spe niti,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:

consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,

id. Clu. 40, 112.—

With ubi:

quo confugies? ubi nitere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,

Ov. M. 9, 294.

nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.

Lit.:

nitor exoriens aurorae,

Lucr. 4, 538:

diurnus,

the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:

herbarum viridis,

Lucr. 5, 783:

argenti et auri,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:

eboris,

Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:

materiae,

of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:

speculi,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:

gladii,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:

nigerrimus gemmae,

id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:

nitorem cutis facit sal,

id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:

nitores splendoresque auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4.—

Transf.

Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:

nitor corporis,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

urit me Glycerae nitor,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

Liparei nitor Hebri,

id. ib. 3, 12, 6:

nullus totā nitor in cute,

Juv. 9, 13.—

Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:

si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

Cic. Cael. 31, 77:

habitus,

Juv. 3, 180:

oppidum praecipui nitoris,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—

In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:

ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,

Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—

Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:

adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,

Cic. Or. 32, 115:

domesticus eloquii,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:

nitor et cultus descriptionum,

Tac. Or. 20:

translationum,

Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:

sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

eruditione ac nitore praestare,

id. 10, 1, 98:

scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

Of character, dignity, excellence:

generis,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149.

nītor, nīsus and nixus ( inf. nitier, Lucr. 1, 1059; old form of the part. perf.: gnitus et gnixus a genibus prisci dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 96 Müll.), 3, v. dep. n. [from gnitor; root gnic- or gnig-; cf.: nico, conivere], to bear or rest upon something.

Lit.

With abl.: ambae te obsecramus genibus nixae, we implore thee upon our knees, i. e. kneeling, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 33:

stirpibus suis niti,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 37:

herbescens viriditas, quae nixa fibris stirpium sensim adulescit,

id. Sen. 15, 51:

hastili nixus,

id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

mulierculā nixus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

juvenis, qui nititur hastā,

Verg. A. 6, 760:

paribus nitens Cyllenius alis Constitit,

id. ib. 4, 252:

nixus baculo,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 52.—

With in and acc.:

nixus in hastam,

Verg. A. 12, 398.—

With de:

de quā pariens arbore nixa dea est,

Ov. H. 21, 100.—

With gen. of place:

humi nitens,

Verg. A. 2, 380.—

Absol.: Sisiphu' versat Saxum sudans nitendo, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

niti modo ac statim concidere,

to strive to rise, Sall. J. 101, 11.—

Transf.

To make one's way with an effort, to press forward, advance; and, with respect to the goal, to mount, climb, fly, etc. (mostly poet.):

quaedam serpentes ortae extra aquam simul ac primum niti possunt, aquam persequuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

nituntur gradibus,

Verg. A. 2, 442:

in altas rupes,

Luc. 4, 37:

ad sidera,

Verg. G. 2, 427:

in aëra,

Ov. P. 2, 7, 27:

in adversum,

id. M. 2, 72:

sursum nitier,

Lucr. 1, 1059.—Of violent bodily motion:

niti corporibus et ea huc illuc, quasi vitabundi aut jacientes tela agitare,

to struggle, Sall. J. 60, 4.—

To strain in giving birth, to bring forth, Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 107 (al. eniti):

nitor,

I am in labor, Ov. M. 9, 302; Pseud.-Ov. Her. 21, 100.—

To strain for a stool, Suet. Vesp. 20.—

Trop.

To strive, to exert one's self, make an effort, labor, endeavor:

moderatio modo virium adsit et tantum, quantum potest, quisque nitatur,

Cic. Sen. 10, 33; Nep. Att. 15, 2:

nisurus contra regem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; Sall. C. 38, 2:

pro aliquo,

Liv. 35, 10; cf.:

pro libertate summā ope niti,

Sall. J. 31, 17:

nitebantur, ne gravius in eum consuleretur,

Sall. J. 13, 8; cf.:

unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 4, 2. — Inf.:

summā vi Cirtam irrumpere nititur,

Sall. J. 25, 9:

patriam recuperare niti,

Nep. Pelop. 2:

ingenio nitor non periisse meo,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 34; id. M. 8, 694.— Absol., of soldiers hard pressed in battle:

tamen virtute et patientia nitebantur atque omnia vulnera sustinebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45.—

To strive after a thing:

ad immortalitatem gloriae niti,

Cic. Sen. 23, 82:

ad summa, Quint. prooem. § 20: in vetitum,

Ov. Am. 3, 4, 17.—

To try to prove, contend in argument, argue, with acc. and inf.:

nitamur igitur nihil posse percipi,

Cic. Ac. 2, 21, 68.—

To rest, rely, depend upon a thing.

With in and abl.:

nixus in nomine inani,

Lucr. 5, 909:

conjectura in quā nititur divinatio,

Cic. Div. 2, 26, 55:

ea, in quibus causa nititur,

id. Cael. 10, 25:

cujus in vitā nitebatur salus civitatis,

id. Mil. 7, 19.—

With abl.:

spe niti,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 2:

consilio atque auctoritate alicujus,

id. Off. 1, 34, 122; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

si quis hoc uno nititur quod sit ignobilis,

id. Clu. 40, 112.—

With ubi:

quo confugies? ubi nitere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 155.—Hence, P. a., as subst., Nixus, i, m., only plur., Nixi, ōrum, m., three guardian deities of women in labor, the statues of whom, representing them in a kneeling posture, stood on the Capitol before the chapel of Minerva, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

magno Lucinam Nixosque patres clamore vocabam,

Ov. M. 9, 294.

nĭtor, ōris, m. [niteo], brightness, splendor, lustre, sheen.

Lit.:

nitor exoriens aurorae,

Lucr. 4, 538:

diurnus,

the daylight, Ov. H. 18, 78:

herbarum viridis,

Lucr. 5, 783:

argenti et auri,

Ov. P. 3, 4, 23:

eboris,

Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 64:

materiae,

of the wood, id. 16, 40, 79, § 215:

speculi,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170:

gladii,

id. 2, 25, 22, § 89:

nigerrimus gemmae,

id. 37, 10, 69, § 184:

nitorem cutis facit sal,

id. 31, 7, 41, § 84.— Plur.:

nitores splendoresque auri,

Gell. 2, 6, 4.—

Transf.

Sleekness, plumpness, good looks, beauty:

nitor corporis,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:

urit me Glycerae nitor,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 5:

Liparei nitor Hebri,

id. ib. 3, 12, 6:

nullus totā nitor in cute,

Juv. 9, 13.—

Neatness, elegance, brilliancy of external appearance:

si quem... aliquid offendit, si purpurae genus, si amicorum catervae, si splendor, si nitor,

Cic. Cael. 31, 77:

habitus,

Juv. 3, 180:

oppidum praecipui nitoris,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 85.—

In gen., color, Lucr. 2, 819:

ludis et externo tincta nitore caput,

Prop. 2, 14, 26 (3, 11, 2).—

Trop., of speech, splendor, elegance, grace of style. —With gen.:

adhibendus erit in eis explicandis quidam orationis nitor,

Cic. Or. 32, 115:

domesticus eloquii,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 51:

nitor et cultus descriptionum,

Tac. Or. 20:

translationum,

Quint. 12, 10, 36.— Absol.:

sublimitas et magnificentia et nitor,

Quint. 8, 3, 3:

eruditione ac nitore praestare,

id. 10, 1, 98:

scripsit non sine cultu ac nitore,

id. 10, 1, 124.—

Of character, dignity, excellence:

generis,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 17; splendid liberality, Stat. S. 3, 3, 149.

ob-nītor, xus (rarely nīsus), 3 ( inf. obnitier for obniti, Lucr. 4, 437), v. dep., to bear, press, push, struggle, or strive against any thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.); constr. with the dat., acc., or absol.

Lit.:

taurus Arboris obnixus trunco,

Verg. A. 12, 105:

contra,

id. ib. 5, 21:

toto corpore obnitendum,

Quint. 5, 13, 11:

remi Obnixi crepuere,

Verg. A. 5, 205: densis ales (Lachm. aquila hinc) pinnis obnixa volabat Vento, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31, p. 354 Lion. (Ann. v. 148 Vahl.):

obnixi (al. obnisi) urgebant,

Liv. 34, 46.—In pass. signif.: obnixo genu scuto, set or pressed against, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2.—

Of things: navigia fractas obnitier undas,

Lucr. 4, 437.—

Trop.

To strive against, to resist, oppose (class. only in Part.):

stant obnisi,

Liv. 7, 33, 12:

cum saepe obnitens repugnasset,

Vell. 2, 89, 5; 2, 123, 2:

stant obnixa omnia contra,

Verg. A. 10, 359:

venti obnixi lacerant nubila,

Stat. Th. 5, 366:

adversis,

Tac. A. 15, 11.—

To strive, endeavor; with inf.:

triumphum Pauli impedire obnitebantur,

Vell. 1, 9, 6.—Hence, obnixus ( obnīsus), a, um, P. a., steadfast, firm, resolute:

(velim) obnixos vos stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

Liv. 6, 12:

firmitas,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 105:

obnixus curam sub corde premebat,

Verg. A. 4, 332.—In neutr., adverb., resolutely, obstinately:

obnixum. Pauline, taces,

Aus. Ep. 25, 28.—Hence, adv.: obnixē ( obnīsē), lit., striving against; hence, in gen., with all one's strength, with might and main, strenuously, obstinately:

obnixe omnia Facere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 134:

oboedire,

Liv. 4, 26, 12 (dub.;

Weissenb. enixe): petere,

Sen. Ep. 95, 1 (Haase, enixe; v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 781). — Comp.:

argumentari,

Claud. Mam. Stat. Anim. 1, 3.