movet

fastīdĭum, ĭi, n. [cf. 2. fastus], a loathing, aversion for any thing, esp. for any sort of enjoyment (very freq. and class.; cf. taedium, nausea, etc.).

Lit., nausea, squeamishness, loathing, distaste for food:

cibi satietas et fastidium,

Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

mel fastidium creat,

Plin. 22, 24, 50, § 109:

fastidium abigere,

id. 23, 9, 81, § 161:

auferre,

id. 19, 8, 38, § 127:

discutere,

id. 23, 1, 27, § 54:

detrahere,

id. 22, 25, 74, § 155.—In plur.:

magna movet stomacho fastidia, etc.,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 78; 2, 2, 14; 2, 6, 86; Juv. 14, 184; Plin. 26, 7, 25, § 41 al.—

Esp. of a spoiled, pampered taste, niceness, daintiness, delicacy, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 18: tantum in illis esse fastidium;

ut nollent attingere nisi eodem die captum piscem,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 18; cf. Vulg. Ezech. 16, 31.—

Transf. to sight:

oculorum in hominum insolentium indignitate fastidium,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—

Trop., dislike, aversion, disgust, fastidiousness.

In gen.:

ab aliqua re celerrime fastidio quodam et satietate abalienari,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98; cf.: si (eloquentia) et ex copia satietatem et ex amplitudine fastidium tulerit, Quint. 5, 14, 30:

nescis quantum interdum afferat hominibus fastidii, quantum satietatis,

Cic. Mur. 9, 21:

satiari fastidio similitudinis,

id. de Or. 3, 50, 193:

nulla voluptas est, quae non assiduitate fastidium pariat,

Plin. 12, 17, 40, § 81:

vitato assiduitatis fastidio,

Suet. Tib. 10:

rudem esse omnino in nostris poëtis, aut inertissimae segnitiae est, aut fastidii delicatissimi,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

quae habent ad res certas vitiosam offensionem atque fastidium,

id. Tusc. 4, 10, 23:

audiendi,

id. Opt. Gen. 4, 12:

insolens domesticarum rerum,

id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

omnis stultitia laborat fastidio sui,

Sen. Ep. 9 fin.:

nec id fit fastidio meo,

Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 20:

ne sit fastidio Graecos sequi,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 8:

ipsum lignum in fastidio est,

is despised, id. 12, 19, 42, § 91; cf.:

aliquid fastidio damnare,

id. 11, 2, 1, § 4: non omnia (i. e. arbores) in omnibus locis nasci docuimus, nec translata vivere: hoc alias fastidio evenit, fastidious or delicate nature, id. 16, 32, 58, § 134.—In plur.:

non tam ea, quae recta essent, probari, quam quae prava sunt, fastidiis adhaerescere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 258; cf.:

spectatoris fastidia ferre superbi,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 215:

opem ferre poëtis antiquis contra fastidia nostra,

id. S. 1, 10, 7:

matri longa decem tulerunt fastidia menses,

Verg. E. 4, 61.—

In partic. (with the notion of fastus predominating), scornful contempt, haughtiness, pride (syn.:

elatio, vanitas, arrogantia, superbia, fastus): ex eorum (divitiorum) fastidio et superbia (regna) nata esse commemorant,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32 Mos. N. cr.; cf.:

superbiam magno opere, fastidium arrogantiamque fugiamus,

id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. Agr. 1, 7, 20; cf.:

superbia et fastidio amplissimos honores repudiare,

Plin. Pan. 55, 4:

si essent arrogantes, non possem ferre fastidium,

id. Phil. 10, 9, 18:

efferri fastidio et contumaciā,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54.—In plur.:

superba pati fastidia?

Verg. E. 2, 15:

oderunt fastidia divi,

Tib. 1, 8, 69:

qui tulerit Meroes fastidia longa superbae,

Calp. E. 11, 50:

veteris fastidia quercus,

Juv. 14, 184.

frăgĭlis, e, adj. [id.], easily broken, brittle, fragile (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. signif.; cf.: caducus, fluxus).

Lit.:

cadi,

Ov. M. 12, 243:

coryli (with tiliae molles),

id. ib. 10, 93:

rami,

Verg. E. 8, 40:

myrtus,

Hor. C. 3, 23, 16:

ratis,

id. ib. 1, 3, 10; cf.

phaselus,

id. ib. 3, 2, 28:

aes malleis,

Plin. 34, 8, 20, § 94; cf.:

saccharon dentibus,

id. 12, 8, 17, § 32:

crystalli centrum,

id. 37, 2, 10, § 28:

caput ictibus parvis,

Gell. 6, 1, 11:

tenuior fragiliorque penna scarabaeorum,

Plin. 11, 28, 34, § 97:

ut fragilis glacies interit ira mora,

Ov. A. A. 1, 347.— Poet.:

aquae,

i. e. ice, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 26:

fragiles sonitus chartarum,

i. e. crackling, Lucr. 6, 112:

lauri,

Verg. E. 8, 82:

pollicibus fragiles increpuere manus,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 12; cf. fragor.—

Transf., in gen., weak, perishable, frail (physically or mentally):

fragile corpus animus sempiternus movet,

Cic. Rep. 6, 24 fin.;

in fragili corpore odiosa omnis offensio est,

id. Sen. 18, 65; cf.:

(corpora) fragili natura praedita,

Lucr. 1, 581; and absol.:

fragili quaerens illidere dentem, Offendet solido,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 77: fragilissimus alvus, Att. ap. Non. 193, 26.—Of an effeminate man: Julius et fragilis Pediatia (sarcastically in the fem. gen. instead of Pediatius), qs. the delicate Miss Pediatius, Hor. S. 1, 8, 39:

quis enim confidit, sibi semper id stabile et firmum permansurum, quod fragile et caducum sit?

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86:

res humanae fragiles caducaeque sunt,

id. Lael. 27, 102; id. Leg. 1, 8, 24; cf.:

divitiarum et formae gloria fluxa atque fragilis est,

Sall. C. 1, 4:

fortuna populi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 28 fin.:

nec aliud est aeque fragile in homine (quam memoria),

Plin. 7, 24, 24, § 90:

nulli vita fragilior (quam homini),

id. 7 praef. § 5; cf.:

(hominum) aevum omne et breve et fragile est,

Plin. Pan. 78, 2:

haud aevi fragilis sonipes,

Sil. 3, 386: anni fragiles et inertior aetas, the frail years (of age), Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 3.— Adv. does not occur.

gens, gentis, f. [root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent], a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).

Lit.:

Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā,

Sall. J. 95, 3:

vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae,

Liv. 38, 58, 3:

L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis,

id. 3, 27, 1:

apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum,

id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2:

cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

gens Tarquiniorum,

id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.:

Julia,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat;

a se ascitos minorum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6:

ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum,

Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4:

patricii minorum gentium,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5:

anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur,

Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5:

perjurus, sine gente,

i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.

Transf.

In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29:

Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—

Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race:

vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea?

Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which:

Dis genite,

id. ib. 9, 642):

Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius),

Sil. 7, 35:

extrema viri,

the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—

In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew:

si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset,

Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so,

Clodia,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—

In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—

Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur,

Col. 9, 9, 6:

quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis,

of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73:

utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes),

breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—

In a more extended sense (as also genos), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them; v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1;

freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.:

nos per gentis disparat,

id. ib. v. 10:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.:

(Deus) non curat singulos homines... ne civitates quidem... ne nationes quidem et gentes,

id. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim,

Tac. G. 2:

Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti,

id. ib. 38:

atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis,

Vell. 2, 98:

omnes exterae gentes ac nationes,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.:

per omnes gentes nationesque,

Quint. 11, 3, 87;

for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes,

Cic. Font. 11, 25:

aut gentes aut populos,

Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque [p. 809] et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf.

in an inverse order: populi et gentes,

Quint. 12, 2, 3:

postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

Sabina aut Volsca,

id. ib. 3, 4:

Transalpinae,

id. ib. 3, 9:

Allobrogum,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

Nerviorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1:

Germanorum,

id. ib. 6, 32 init.:

Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium,

id. ib. 4, 1, 3;

so of the Etruscan nation,

Liv. 5, 1, 6;

and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit,

id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town:

Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1:

atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.:

gladio pugnacissima gens Romani,

Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3:

Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1:

in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17, 26:

jus gentium,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—

In partic.

As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.):

ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

quod ubique gentium est,

id. Rep. 2, 4:

ubinam gentium sumus,

where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9:

ubi ubi est gentium?

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21:

obsecro, unde haec gentium?

id. Cist. 4, 1, 16:

ubi tu's gentium,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 11:

quaerit quod nusquamst gentium,

id. Ps. 1, 4, 9:

non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 44:

ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4:

an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser?

id. ib. 13:

equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54:

fratrem nusquam invenio gentium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1:

abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55:

res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri turannoktonoi longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

ah! minime gentium, non faciam,

by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so,

minime gentium,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—

Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare):

maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui,

Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin. —

In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ethnos, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—

Transf., a region, country (very rare):

ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,

Nep. Dat. 4:

gentes viduatas esse suis cultoribus et desolatas,

Arn. 1, 4.

gestus, a, um, Part., from gero.

gestus, ūs, m. [gero].

Lit. (the bearing, i. e. motion of the body, or of a part of the body, esp. of the hand or arm), carriage, posture, attitude, motion, gesture (class.; cf. actus).

In gen.:

gestum imitari,

Lucr. 4, 343; cf. ib. 367:

a forma removeatur omnis viro non dignus ornatus, et huic simile vitium in gestu motuque caveatur,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130:

nunc gestus mihi vultusque est capiundus novus,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 50:

hoc quidem Zeno gestu conficiebat,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 145:

gratificatur mihi gestu accusator,

id. Balb. 6, 14:

gestum manus Ceycis habebat,

Ov. M. 11, 673:

ab avium gestu gestuque,

motion, Suet. Aug. 7:

quo gestu gallina secetur,

Juv. 5, 124.— Plur.: nec flecti cervix nec brachia reddere gestus, Nec pes ire potest, Ov. M. 6, 308.—

In partic., a gesture, gesticulation of actors or orators according to the rules of art:

numquam agit hunc versum Roscius eo gestu, quo potest, sed abjicit prorsus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; cf. id. Quint. 24, 77:

gestus histrionis,

id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

convenit igitur in gestu nec venustatem conspiciendam nec turpitudinem esse, ne aut histriones aut operarii videamur esse,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 26; cf.:

vox et gestus subito sumi et aliunde arripi non potest,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

omnis actio in duas partes divisa, vocem gestumque,

Quint. 11, 3, 14; id. 2, 59, 242:

tardiore et consideratiore gestu uti,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27: jactantior, Cael. ap. Quint. 11, 1, 51:

acer atque instans,

Quint. 11, 3, 92:

certus sed paulo productior,

id. ib.:

comicus magis quam oratorius,

id. ib. 125 et saep.— Plur.:

histrionum nonnulli gestus ineptiis non vacant,

Cic. Off. 1, 36, 130:

alterni,

Quint. 6, 3, 65:

breves,

id. 11, 3, 100: quae (concinnitas) verborum collocationem illuminat his luminibus, quae Graeci quasi aliquos gestus orationis schêmata appellant, Cic. Or. 25, 83; Quint. 9, 1, 13;

and without quasi,

Gell. 11, 13, 10:

Urbicus risum movet gestibus Autonoes,

Juv. 6, 72.—

(Acc. to gero, II. B. 3.) A management, administration (post-class.), Dig. 26, 10, 3, § 9; ib. 7, 23; ib. 5, § 2.

ĭmāgo, ĭnis, f. [cf. imitor], an imitation, copy of a thing, an image, likeness (i. e. a picture, statue, mask, an apparition, ghost, phantom; the latter only poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.: simulacrum, effigies, statua, sigillum): imago ab imitatione dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 112 Müll.; cf.: imago dicitur quasi imitago, Porphyr. Hor. C. 1, 12, 4.

Lit.

In gen., a representation, likeness (usu. of a person), statue, bust, picture:

Spartiates Agesilaus neque pictam neque fictam imaginem suam passus est esse... unus Xenophontis libellus in eo rege laudando facile omnes imagines omnium statuasque superavit,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

Demosthenes, cujus nuper inter imagines tuas ac tuorum imaginem ex aere vidi,

id. Or. 31, 110:

Epicuri in poculis et in anulis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3: hominis imaginem gypso e facie ipsa primus omnium expressit ceraque in eam formam gypsi infusa emendare instituit Lysistratus Sicyonius, Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153:

Africani,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10:

mulieris,

Quint. 7, 7, 5:

Antigoni,

id. 2, 13, 12:

depictam in tabula sipariove imaginem rei,

id. 6, 1, 32:

si in tabula mea aliquis pinxerit velut imaginem,

Gai. Inst. 2, 78:

cereae,

Hor. Epod. 17, 76; id. S. 1, 8, 43:

ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra,

Juv. 7, 29:

hoc tibi sub nostra breve carmen imagine vivat,

Mart. 9, 1:

epistula atque imago me certum fecit,

i. e. the image on the seal, the signet, Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 35; 4, 2, 29; 4, 7, 105:

nunc amici anne inimici sis imago, Alcesime, mihi, sciam,

i. e. will act like a friend, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 1.—

A phantom, ghost, apparition:

infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae Visa mihi ante oculos et nota major imago,

Verg. A. 2, 773; cf.:

et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago,

shade, spirit, Verg. A. 4, 654; Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 6; cf. id. ib. 1:

non vanae redeat sanguis imagini,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 15:

(somnus) Vanum nocturnis fallit imaginibus,

Tib. 3, 4, 56; cf. Hor. C. 3, 27, 40; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Calig. 50:

te videt in somnis, tua sacra et major imago humana turbat pavidum,

Juv. 13, 221:

quid natum totiens falsis Ludis imaginibus?

phantoms, Verg. A. 1, 408:

ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago,

id. ib. 2, 369; cf.:

repetitaque mortis imago,

Ov. M. 10, 726:

lurida mortis imago,

Petr. 123, v. 257:

varia pereuntium forma et omni imagine mortium,

Tac. H. 3, 28:

caesorum insepultorumque,

id. A. 1, 62:

supremorum (i. e. funeris) imago,

id. H. 4, 45.— Poet.:

genitiva (with forma),

natural shape, figure, Ov. M. 3, 331; so,

rudis et sine imagine tellus (= informis),

shapeless, id. ib. 1, 87.—

In partic., an ancestral image of a distinguished Roman (of one who had been aedile, praetor, or consul; usually made of wax, and placed in the atrium of a Roman house, and carried in funeral processions.—

In plur.: obrepsisti ad honores errore hominum, commendatione fumosarum imaginum, quarum simile habes nihil praeter colorem, of smoky (i. e. old) ancestral images, Cic. Pis. 1, 1; cf. Sen. Ben. 3, 28, 1; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6:

si quid deliquero, nullae sunt imagines, quae me a vobis deprecentur,

no ancestors of distinction, Cic. Agr. 2, 36, 100; cf.:

quia imagines non habeo et quia mihi nova nobilitas est,

Sall. J. 85, 25:

qui imagines familiae suae consecuti sunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

homo veteris prosapiae ac multarum imaginum,

Sall. J. 85, 10:

majorum imagines,

id. ib. 5, 5; Suet. Vesp. 1:

multis in familia senatoriis imaginibus,

id. Aug. 4:

esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,

Hor. Epod. 8, 11:

qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus,

id. S. 1, 6, 17; Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6 sqq.; Prop. 2, 13, 19; Suet. Vesp. 19.—

In sing. (rare):

jus imaginis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 36:

imaginis ornandae causa,

id. Sest. 8, 19:

vir honoratissimae imaginis futurus ad posteros,

Liv. 3, 58, 2:

clarum hac fore imagine Scaptium,

would become an aristocrat, id. 3, 72, 4, v. Weissenb. ad loc.:

Tunc Cotta ne imago Libonis exsequias posterorum comitaretur censuit,

Tac. A. 2, 32.

Transf., a reverberation of sound, an echo (mostly poet.):

(mellaria facere oportet) potissimum ubi non resonent imagines,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:

concava pulsu Saxa sonant, vocisque offensa resultat imago,

Verg. G. 4, 50; cf. Sil. 14, 365:

alternae deceptus imagine vocis: Huc coëamus ait... Coëamus retulit Echo,

Ov. M. 3, 385:

cujus recinit jocosa Nomen imago,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 4; so,

jocosa Vaticani montis,

id. ib. 1, 20, 8:

vaga,

Val. Fl. 3, 596.

Trop.

In gen., an image or likeness of a thing formed in the mind, a conception, thought, imagination, idea:

Scipionis memoriam atque imaginem sibi proponere,

Cic. Lael. 27, 102:

magnam partem noctium in imagine tua vigil exigo,

Plin. Ep. 7, 5, 1:

Verginium cogito, Verginium video, Verginium jam vanis imaginibus audio,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12: imagines, quae eidôla nominant, quorum incursione non solum videmus, sed etiam cogitamus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 21; cf.:

imagines extrinsecus in animos nostros per corpus irrumpere,

id. Ac. 2, 40, 125: plena sunt imaginum omnia, nulla species cogitari potest nisi pulsu imaginum, etc.; id. Div. 2, 67, 137 sq.: unum aliquem te ex barbatis illis, exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis, columen rei publicae diceres intueri, an image of the olden time, id. Sest. 8, 19; cf.:

expressam imaginem vitae quotidianae videre,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

quidnam illi consules dictatoresve facturi essent, qui proconsularem imaginem tam saevam ac trucem fecerint, i. e. by cruelty in office,

Liv. 5, 2, 9:

naturae... urbis et populi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 39 fin.:

justitiae,

Quint. 2, 20, 6:

virtutis,

id. 10, 2, 15:

similitudines ad exprimendas rerum imagines compositae,

id. 8, 3, 72: illae rerum imagines, quas vocari phantasias indicavimus, id. 10, 7, 15:

conscripta formantur imagine templa,

plans, Stat. S. 3, 1, 117:

scipione determinata prius templi imagine in solo,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

tua, pater Druse, imago,

memory, Tac. A. 1, 13:

magna illic imago tristium laetorumque,

recollection, id. ib. 2, 53:

si te nulla movet tantae pietatis imago,

Verg. A. 6, 405.—

In partic.

In rhet., a figurative representation, similitude, comparison:

comparabile est, quod in rebus diversis similem aliquam rationem continet. Ejus partes sunt tres: imago, collatio, exemplum. Imago est oratio demonstrans corporum aut naturarum similitudinem, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49; cf.:

imago est formae cum forma cum quadam similitudine collatio,

Auct. Her. 4, 49, 62; Sen. Ep. 59, 92; Quint. 6, 1, 28; Hor. S. 2, 3, 320; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—

With the idea predominating of mere imitation, in opp. to what is original or real, a mere form, image, semblance, appearance, shadow:

consectatur nullam eminentem effigiem virtutis, sed adumbratam imaginem gloriae,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 2, 3:

nos veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus: umbra et imaginibus utimur,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69; cf.:

non in umbra et imagine civitatis, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 30; and:

umbram equitis Romani et imaginem videtis,

id. Rab. Post. 15, 41:

haec ars tota dicendi, sive artis imago quaedam est et similitudo, habet hanc vim, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

judiciorum,

only the appearance of courts, id. Sest. 13, 30; cf.:

imaginem rei publicae nullam reliquissent,

id. Agr. 2, 32, 88:

his quoque imaginibus juris spretis,

Liv. 41, 8, 10:

imaginem retinendi largiendive penes nos, vim penes Parthos,

Tac. A. 15, 14:

habitu et ore ad exprimendam imaginem honesti exercitus,

the pretence, id. ib. 16, 32; 6, 27; id. H. 1, 84; 3, 70:

qui faciem eloquentiae, non imaginem praestaret,

id. Or. 34:

nec imagine rerum, sed rebus incendit,

Quint. 10, 1, 16:

in falsa rerum imagine detineri,

id. 10, 5, 17; cf.:

nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod illi (hermae) marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago,

Juv. 8, 55.—

A representative: non in effigies mutas divinum (Augusti) spiritum transfusum;

sed imaginem veram, caelesti sanguine ortam, intellegere discrimen, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 52.—

That which suggests or recalls something by resemblance, a reminder:

me consolatur recordatio meorum temporum, quorum imaginem video in rebus tuis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 6, 2:

a Corbulone petierat, ne quam imaginem servitii Tiridates perferret,

nothing to suggest slavery, Tac. A. 15, 31; cf.:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo possim imaginem antiquae et vernaculae festivitatis adgnoscere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2.

in (old forms endŏ and indŭ, freq. in ante-class. poets; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4; id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; Lucil. ap. Lact. 5, 9, 20; Lucr. 2, 1096; 5, 102; 6, 890 et saep.), prep. with abl. and acc. [kindr. with Sanscr. an; Greek en, en-tha, en-then, eis, i. e. en-s, ana; Goth. ana; Germ. in], denotes either rest or motion within or into a place or thing; opp. to ex; in, within, on, upon, among, at; into, to, towards.

With abl.

In space.

Lit., in (with abl. of the place or thing in which):

aliorum fructus in terra est, aliorum et extra,

Plin. 19, 4, 22, § 61:

alii in corde, alii in cerebro dixerunt animi esse sedem et locum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19:

eo in rostris sedente suasit Serviliam legem Crassus,

id. Brut. 43, 161:

qui sunt cives in eadem re publica,

id. Rep. 1, 32 fin.:

facillimam in ea re publica esse concordiam, in qua idem conducat omnibus,

id. ib.:

T. Labienus ex loco superiore, quae res in nostris castris gererentur, conspicatus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

quod si in scaena, id est in contione verum valet, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 26, 97:

in foro palam Syracusis,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81:

plures in eo loco sine vulnere quam in proelio aut fuga intereunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 35:

tulit de caede, quae in Appia via facta esset,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15:

in via fornicata,

Liv. 22, 36:

vigebat in illa domo mos patrius et disciplina,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 37:

in domo furtum factum ab eo qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

nupta in domo,

Liv. 6, 34, 9:

copias in castris continent,

in, within, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

cum in angusto quodam pulpito stans diceret,

Quint. 11, 3, 130:

se ac suos in vehiculo conspici,

Liv. 5, 40, 10:

malo in illa tua sedecula sedere, quam in istorum sella curuli,

Cic. Att. 4, 10:

sedere in solio,

id. Fin. 2, 21, 66:

Albae constiterant, in urbe opportuna,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 6. —

Sometimes, also, with names of places: omnes se ultro sectari in Epheso memorat mulieres,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 182:

heri aliquot adolescentuli coiimus in Piraeo,

Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 1:

navis et in Cajeta est parata nobis et Brundisii,

Cic. Att. 8, 3, 6:

complures (naves) in Hispali faciendas curavit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

caesos in Marathone ac Salamine,

Quint. 12, 10, 24:

in Berenice urbe Troglodytarum,

Plin. 2, 73, 75, § 183.—

In indicating a multitude or number, of, in, or among which a person or thing is, in, among (= gen. part.):

in his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 3:

Thales, qui sapientissimus in septem fuit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26:

peto ut eum complectare, diligas, in tuis habeas,

id. Fam. 13, 78, 2; cf.:

in perditis et desperatis,

id. ib. 13, 56, 1:

omnia quae secundum naturam fiunt, sunt habenda in bonis,

id. de Sen. 19, 71:

dolor in maximis malis ducitur,

id. Leg. 1, 11, 31:

justissimus unus in Teucris,

Verg. A. 2, 426:

cecidere in pugna ad duo milia... in his quatuor Romani centuriones,

Liv. 27, 12, 16:

in diis et feminae sunt,

Lact. 1, 16, 17.—

Of analogous relations of place or position:

sedere in equo,

on horseback, id. Verr. 2, 5, 10:

quid legati in equis,

id. Pis. 25, 60:

sedere in leone,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109:

in eo flumine pons erat,

on, over, Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

in herboso Apidano,

on the banks of, Prop. 1, 3, 6:

in digitis,

on tiptoe, Val. Fl. 4, 267:

castra in limite locat,

on the rampart, Tac. A. 1, 50:

ipse coronam habebat unam in capite, alteram in collo,

on, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27:

oleae in arbore,

Cels. 2, 24:

Caesaris in barbaris erat nomen obscurius,

among, Caes. B. C. 1, 61:

in ceteris nationibus, Cels. praef. 1: qui in Brutiis praeerat,

Liv. 25, 16, 7:

in juvenibus,

Quint. 11, 1, 32:

nutus in mutis pro sermone est,

id. 11, 3, 66.—Of dress, like cum, q. v.:

in veste candida,

Liv. 45, 20, 5; 34, 7, 3:

in calceis,

id. 24, 38, 2:

in insignibus,

id. 5, 41, 2:

in tunicis albis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 13:

in Persico et vulgari habitu,

Curt. 3, 3, 4:

in lugubri veste,

id. 10, 5, 17:

in Tyriis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 297:

in Cois,

id. ib. v. 298; cf.:

homines in catenis Romam mittere,

Liv. 29, 21, 12; 32, 1, 8: quis multa te in rosa urget, etc., Hor C. 1, 5, 1; so, in viola aut in rosa, Cic. Tusc. [p. 912] 5, 26, 73.—So of arms:

duas legiones in armis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 3, 395:

in armis hostis,

under arms, Ov. M. 12,65:

quae in ore atque in oculis provinciae gesta sunt (= coram),

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 81; so,

in oculis provinciae,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2:

in oculis omnium,

id. ib. 1, 3, 7:

divitiae, decus, gloria in oculis sita sunt,

Sall. C. 20, 14; Curt. 4, 13, 1; Liv. 22, 12, 6:

Julianus in ore ejus (Vitellii) jugulatur,

Tac. H. 3, 77; Sen. Ben. 7, 19, 7.—Of a passage in any writing (but when the author is named, by meton., for his works, apud is used, Krebs, Antibarb. p. 561):

in populorum institutis aut legibus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 15, 42:

in illis libris qui sunt de natura deorum,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

in Timaeo dicit,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 30:

epistula, in qua omnia perscripta erant,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2:

perscribit in litteris, hostes ab se discessisse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49; but in is also used with an author's name when, not a place in his book, but a feature of his style, etc., is referred to:

in Thucydide orbem modo orationis desidero,

Cic. Or. 71, 234:

in Herodoto omnia leniter fluunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 18.—Of books:

libri oratorii diu in manibus fuerunt,

Cic. Att. 4, 13, 2; id. Lael. 25, 96; but more freq. trop.: in manibus habere, tenere, etc., to be engaged, occupied with, to have under control or within reach:

philosophi quamcunque rem habent in manibus,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 18:

quam spem nunc habeat in manibus, exponam,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:

rem habere in manibus,

id. Att. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

neque mihi in manu fuit Jugurtha qualis foret,

in my power, Sall. J. 14, 4:

postquam nihil esse in manu sua respondebatur,

Liv. 32, 24, 2:

quod ipsorum in manu sit,... bellum an pacem malint,

Tac. A. 2, 46; but, cum tantum belli in manibus esset, was in hand, busied (cf.:

inter manus),

Liv. 4, 57, 1; so,

quorum epistulas in manu teneo,

Cic. Phil. 12, 4, 9; cf. id. Att. 2, 2, 2:

in manu poculum tenens,

id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71:

coronati et lauream in manu tenentes,

Liv. 40, 37, 3; Suet. Claud. 15 fin. —Of that which is thought of as existing in the mind, memory, character, etc.:

in animo esse,

Cic. Fam. 14, 11:

in animo habere,

id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

lex est ratio insita in natura,

id. Leg. 1, 6, 18:

in memoria sedere,

id. de Or. 2, 28, 122; cf.:

tacito mutos volvunt in pectore questus,

Luc. 1, 247:

quanta auctoritas fuit in C. Metello!

Cic. de Sen. 17, 61. —So freq. of a person's qualities of mind or character:

erat in eo summa eloquentia, summa fides,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58; cf.:

in omni animante est summum aliquid atque optimum, ut in equis,

id. Fin. 4, 41, 37:

si quid artis in medicis est,

Curt. 3, 5, 13; cf.:

nibil esse in morte timendum,

Lucr. 3, 866.— Esp., in eo loco, in that state or condition:

in eo enim loco res sunt nostrae, ut, etc.,

Liv. 7, 35, 7: si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cat. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21; so,

quo in loco, etc.: cum ex equitum et calonum fuga, quo in loco res essent, cognovissent,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

videtis, quo in loco res haec siet, Ter Phorm. 2, 4, 6: quod ipse, si in eodem loco esset, facturus fuerit,

Liv. 37, 14, 5.—Hence, without loco, in eo esse ut, etc., to be in such a condition, etc.:

non in eo esse Carthaginiensium res, ut Galliam armis obtineant,

Liv. 30, 19, 3:

cum res non in eo esset, ut Cyprum tentaret,

id. 33, 41, 9; 8, 27, 3; 2, 17, 5; Nep. Mil. 7, 3; id. Paus. 5, 1 (cf. I. C. 1. infra).—

In time, indicating its duration, in, during, in the course of:

feci ego istaec itidem in adulescentia,

in my youth, when I was young, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 6:

in tempore hoc,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 24:

in hoc tempore,

Tac. A. 13, 47:

in tali tempore,

Sall. C. 48, 5; Liv. 22, 35; 24, 28 al.:

in diebus paucis,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 77:

in brevi spatio,

id. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Vesp. 4:

in qua aetate,

Cic. Brut. 43 fin.:

in ea aetate,

Liv. 1, 57:

in omni aetate,

Cic. de Sen. 3, 9:

in aetate, qua jam Alexander orbem terrarum subegisset,

Suet. Caes. 7:

qua (sc. Iphigenia) nihil erat in eo quidem anno natum pulchrius,

in the course of, during the year, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95 (al. eo quidem anno):

nihil in vita se simile fecisse,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 91: nihil in vita vidit calamitatis A. Cluentius. id. Clu. 6, 18:

in tota vita inconstans,

id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29.—

In tempore, at the right or proper time, in time (Cic. uses only tempore; v. tempus): eccum ipsum video in tempore huc se recipere, Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 24:

ni pedites equitesque in tempore subvenissent,

Liv. 33, 5:

spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit,

id. 2, 47:

rebellaturi,

Tac. A. 12, 50:

atque adeo in ipso tempore eccum ipsum obviam,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 52: in tempore, opportune. Nos sine praepositione dicimus tempore et tempori, Don. ad Ter. And. 4, 4, 19.—

In praesentia and in praesenti, at present, now, at this moment, under these circumstances:

sic enim mihi in praesentia occurrit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 14:

vestrae quidem cenae non solum in praesentia, sed etiam postero die jucundae sunt,

id. ib. 5, 35, 100:

id quod unum maxime in praesentia desiderabatur,

Liv. 21, 37:

haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut, etc.,

for the present, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4.—

With gerunds and fut. pass. participles, to indicate duration of time, in:

fit, ut distrahatur in deliberando animus,

Cic. Off. 1, 3, 9; id. Fam. 2, 6, 2:

vitiosum esse in dividendo partem in genere numerare,

id. Fin. 2, 9, 26:

quod in litteris dandis praeter consuetudinem proxima nocte vigilarat,

id. Cat. 3, 3, 6:

ne in quaerendis suis pugnandi tempus dimitteret,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus,

in laying waste, id. ib. 5, 19:

in excidenda Numantia,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76:

cum in immolanda Iphigenia tristis Calchas esset,

id. Or. 21, 74.—

In other relations, where a person or thing is thought of as in a certain condition, situation, or relation, in:

qui magno in aere alieno majores etiam possessiones habent,

Cic. Cat. 2, 8, 18:

se in insperatis repentinisque pecuniis jactare,

id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

Larinum in summo timore omnium cum armatis advolavit,

id. Clu. 8, 25.—

So freq., of qualities or states of mind: summa in sollicitudine ac timore Parthici belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

torpescentne dextrae in amentia illa?

Liv. 23, 9, 7:

hunc diem perpetuum in laetitia degere,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Cat. 4, 1, 2:

in metu,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in voluptate,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

alicui in amore esse,

beloved, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3:

alicui in amoribus esse,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12:

res in invidia erat,

Sall. J. 25, 5; Liv. 29, 37, 17: sum in expectatione omnium rerum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 10:

num... Diogenem Stoicum coegit in suis studiis obmutescere senectus?

in his studies, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

mirificam cepi voluptatem ex tua diligentia: quod in summis tuis occupationibus mihi tamen rei publicae statum per te notum esse voluisti,

even in, notwithstanding your great occupations, id. Fam. 3, 11, 4.—

So freq., of business, employment, occupations, etc.: in aliqua re versari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:

similia iis, quae in consilio dixerat,

Curt. 5, 5, 23:

in certamine armorum atque in omni palaestra quid satis recte cavetur,

Quint. 9, 4, 8:

agi in judiciis,

id. 11, 1, 78:

tum vos mihi essetis in consilio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18, 28:

in actione... dicere,

Quint. 8, 2, 2.—Of an office, magistracy:

in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat,

Liv. 1, 59, 7; 4, 17, 1:

in eo magistratu pari diligentia se praebuit,

Nep. Han. 7, 5 (cf. B. 1. supra):

in ea ipsa causa fuit eloquentissimus,

Cic. Brut, 43, 160:

qui non defendit nec obsistit, si potest, injuriae, tam est in vitio, quam, etc.,

is in the wrong, acts wrongly, id. Off. 1, 7, 23:

etsi hoc quidem est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

is wrong, id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

non sunt in eo genere tantae commoditates corporis,

id. ib. 4, 12, 29; cf.:

an omnino nulla sit in eo genere distinctio,

id. Or. 61, 205:

Drusus erat de praevaricatione absolutus in summa quatuor sententiis,

on the whole, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16; cf.:

et in omni summa, ut mones, valde me ad otium pacemque converto,

id. ib. 3, 5, 5;

but, in summa, sic maxime judex credit, etc.,

in a word, in fine, Quint. 9, 2, 72; Auct. B. Alex. 71; Just. 37, 1, 8:

horum (juvenum) inductio in parte simulacrum decurrentis exercitus erat: ex parte elegantioris exercitii quam militaris artis,

in part, Liv. 44, 9, 5; cf.:

quod mihi in parte verum videtur,

Quint. 2, 8, 6:

patronorum in parte expeditior, in parte difficilior interrogatio est,

id. 5, 7, 22:

hoc facere in eo homine consueverunt,

in the case of, Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

in furibus aerarii,

Sall. C. 52, 12:

Achilles talis in hoste fuit,

Verg. A. 2, 540:

in hoc homine saepe a me quaeris, etc.,

in the case of, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6: in nominibus impiis, Sall. C. 51, 15:

suspectus et in morte matris fuit,

Suet. Vit. 14:

qui praesentes metuunt, in absentia hostes erunt, = absentes,

Curt. 6, 3, 8 (cf. I. B. c. supra).—Of the meaning of words, etc.:

non solum in eodem sensu, sed etiam in diverso, eadem verba contra,

Quint. 9, 3, 36:

aliter voces aut eaedem in diversa significatione ponuntur,

id. 9, 3, 69:

Sallustius in significatione ista non superesse sed superare dicit,

Gell. 1, 22, 15:

stips non dicitur in significatione trunci,

Charis. 1, 18, 39:

semper in significatione ea hortus,

Plin. 19, 4, 19, § 50. —

In with abl. of adjj. is used with the verbs esse and habere to express quality:

cum exitus haud in facili essent, i. e. haud faciles,

Liv. 3, 8, 9:

adeo moderatio tuendae libertatis in difficili est,

id. 3, 8, 11; 3, 65, 11; but mostly with adjj. of the first and second declension:

in obscuro esse, Liv. praef. § 3: in dubio esse,

id. 2, 3, 1; 3, 19, 8; Ov. H. 19, 174:

dum in dubiost animus,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; 2, 2, 10:

in integro esse,

Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 11, 15, 4:

in incerto esse,

Liv. 5, 28, 5:

in obvio esse,

id. 37, 23, 1:

in tuto esse,

id. 38, 4, 10; cf.:

videre te in tuto,

Cat. 30, 6:

in aequo esse,

Liv. 39, 37, 14; Tac. A. 2, 44:

in expedito esse,

Curt. 4, 2, 22:

in proximo esse,

Quint. 1, 3, 4:

in aperto esse,

Sall. C. 5, 3:

in promisco esse,

Liv. 7, 17, 7:

in augusto esse,

Cels. 5, 27, 2:

in incerto haberi,

Sall. J. 46, 8; Tac. A. 15, 17:

in levi habitum,

id. H. 2, 21; cf.:

in incerto relinquere,

Liv. 5, 28, 5; Tac. H. 2, 83.

With acc.

In space, with verbs of motion, into or to a place or thing (rarely with names of towns and small islands;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 398): influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

in Ephesum advenit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 35:

in Epirum venire,

Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3:

ibo in Piraeeum, visamque, ecquae advenerit in portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2: venio ad Piraeea, in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod... Piraeea scripserim, non Piraeeum, quam in quod addiderim;

non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed ut loco,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

se contulisse Tarquinios, in urbem Etruriae florentissimam,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

remigrare in domum veterem e nova,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 13:

cum in sua rura venerunt,

id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102:

a te ipso missi in ultimas gentes,

id. Fam. 15, 9:

in Ubios legatos mittere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

dein Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum et opulentum,

Sall. J. 75, 1:

Regillum antiquam in patriam se contulerat,

Liv. 3, 58, 1:

abire in exercitum,

Plaut. Am. prol. 102.— With nuntio:

cum id Zmyrnam in contionem nuntiatum est,

Tac. A. 4, 56:

nuntiatur in castra,

Lact. Most. Pers. 46; cf.:

allatis in castra nuntiis,

Tac. H. 4, 32: in manus sumere, tradere, etc., into one's hands:

iste unumquodque vas in manus sumere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 63:

Falerios se in manus Romanis tradidisse,

Liv. 5, 27, 3.—Rarely with the verbs ponere, collocare, etc. (pregn., i. e. to bring into... and place there):

in crimen populo ponere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 10:

ut liberos, uxores suaque omnia in silvas deponerent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

duplam pecuniam in thesauros reponi,

Liv. 29, 19, 7:

prius me collocavi in arborem,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 6:

sororem et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates collocasse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18.— Motion in any direction, up to, to, into, down to:

in caelum ascendere,

Cic. Lael. 23 fin.:

filium ipse paene in umeros suos extulisset,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

up to the altar, id. Tusc. 3, 10, 25:

Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso,

Ov. M. 1, 113:

in flumen deicere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Nep. Chab. 4, 3.—

Denoting mere direction towards a place or thing, and hence sometimes joined with versus, towards:

quid nunc supina sursum in caelum conspicis,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 78:

si in latus aut dextrum aut sinistrum, ut ipsi in usu est, cubat,

Cels. 2, 3:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

in orientem Germaniae, in occidentem Hispaniae obtenditur, Gallis in meridiem etiam inspicitur,

Tac. Agr. 10:

in laevum prona nixus sedet Inachus urna,

Stat. Th. 2, 218.—With versus:

castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus,

towards, Caes. B. G. 7, 8 fin.:

in Galliam versus movere,

Sall. C. 56, 4: in [p. 913] ltaliam versus, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 11:

si in urbem versus venturi erant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 82. —

So of that which is thought of as entering into the mind, memory, etc. (cf. I. A. 2. fin.):

in memoriam reducere,

Cic. Inv 1, 52, 98:

in animum inducere,

Liv. 27, 9:

in mentem venire,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3:

frequens imitatio transit in mores,

Quint. 1, 11, 3. —

Or into a writing or speech: in illam Metellinam orationem addidi quaedam,

Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5.—

In time, into, till, for:

dormiet in lucem,

into the daylight, till broad day, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 34:

statim e somno, quem plerumque in diem extrahunt, lavantur,

Tac. G. 22: sermonem in multam noctem produximus, deep into the night, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. p. 239 Lindem.:

in multam noctem luxit,

Suet. Tib. 74:

si febris in noctem augetur,

Cels. 7, 27:

dixit in noctem atque etiam nocte illatis lucernis,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 14:

indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt,

for thirty years, Liv. 9, 37, 12; 7, 20, 8:

nisi id verbum in omne tempus perdidissem,

forever, Cic. Fam. 5, 15, 1:

ad cenam hominem in hortos invitavit in posterum diem,

for the following day, id. Off. 3, 14, 58:

audistis auctionem constitutam in mensem Januarium,

id. Agr. 1, 2, 4:

subito reliquit annum suum seque in annum proximum transtulit,

id. Mil. 9, 24:

solis defectiones itemque lunae praedicuntur in multos annos,

for many years, id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

postero die Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie,

Liv. 27, 2:

qui ab matutino tempore duraverunt in occasum,

Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:

seritur (semen lini) a Kalendis Octobribus in ortum aquilae,

Col. 2, 10, 17.—With usque:

neque illi didicerunt haec usque in senectutem,

Quint. 12, 11, 20:

in illum usque diem servati,

id. 8, 3, 68:

in serum usque patente cubiculo,

Suet. Oth. 11:

regnum trahat usque in tempora fati,

Sil. 11, 392: in posterum (posteritatem) or in futurum, in future, for the future: in praesens, for the present: in perpetuum or in aeternum, forever:

sancit in posterum, ne quis, etc.,

Cic. Cat. 4, 5, 10:

res dilata est in posterum,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:

video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens, at in posteritatem impendeat,

id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

id aegre et in praesentia hi passi et in futurum etiam metum ceperunt,

Liv. 34, 27, 10; cf.:

ingenti omnium et in praesens laetitia et in futurum spe,

id. 30, 17, 1:

effugis in futurum,

Tac. H. 1, 71:

quod eum tibi quaestoris in loco constitueras, idcirco tibi amicum in perpetuum fore putasti?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30; cf.:

oppidum omni periculo in perpetuum liberavit,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 2:

quae (leges) non in tempus aliquod, sed perpetuae utilitatis causa in aeternum latae sunt,

Liv. 34, 6, 4: in tempus, for a while, for a short time, for the occasion (postAug.):

sensit miles in tempus conficta,

Tac. A. 1, 37:

ne urbs sine imperio esset, in tempus deligebatur, qui jus redderet,

id. ib. 6, 11:

scaena in tempus structa,

id. ib. 14, 20. —So in diem, for the day, to meet the day's want:

nihil ex raptis in diem commeatibus superabat,

Liv. 22, 40, 8:

rapto in diem frumento,

id. 4, 10, 1;

but, cum illa fundum emisset in diem,

i. e. a fixed day of payment, Nep. Att. 9, 5: in singulos dies, or simply in dies, with comparatives and verbs denoting increase, from day to day, daily:

vitium in dies crescit,

Vell. 2, 5, 2:

in dies singulos breviores litteras ad te mitto,

Cic. Att. 5, 7:

qui senescat in dies,

Liv. 22, 39, 15: in diem, daily:

nos in diem vivimus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33:

in diem et horam,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 47;

and in horas,

hourly, id. C. 2, 13, 14; id. S. 2, 7, 10.—

In other relations, in which an aiming at, an inclining or striving towards a thing, is conceivable, on, about, respecting; towards, against; for, as; in, to; into:

id, quod apud Platonem est in philosophos dictum,

about the philosophers, Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28:

Callimachi epigramma in Ambraciotam Cleombrotum est,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; cf.:

cum cenaret Simonides apud Scopam cecinissetque id car men, quod in eum scripsisset, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 86, 352:

quo amore tandem inflammati esse debemus in ejus modi patriam,

towards, id. ib. 1, 44, 196:

in liberos nostros indulgentia,

id. ib. 2, 40, 168:

de suis meritis in rem publicam aggressus est dicere,

id. Or. 38, 133: ita ad impietatem in deos, in homines adjunxit injuriam, against, id. N. D. 3, 34 fin.:

in dominum quaeri,

to be examined as a witness against, id. Mil. 22, 60:

in eos impetum facere,

id. Att. 2, 22, 1:

invehi in Thebanos,

Nep. Epam. 6, 1; id. Tim. 5, 3:

quaecumque est hominis definitio, una in omnes valet,

id. Leg. 1, 10, 29:

num etiam in deos immortales inauspicatam legem valuisse?

Liv. 7, 6, 11:

vereor coram in os te laudare amplius,

to your face, Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 5:

si in me exerciturus (pugnos), quaeso, in parietem ut primum domes,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 168:

in puppim rediere rates,

Luc. 3, 545 Burm. (cf.:

sic equi dicuntur in frena redire, pulsi in terga recedere, Sulp. ad loc.): Cumis eam vidi: venerat enim in funus: cui funeri ego quoque operam dedi,

to the funeral, to take charge of the funeral, Cic. Att. 15, 1, B:

se quisque eum optabat, quem fortuna in id certamen legeret,

Liv. 21, 42, 2:

quodsi in nullius mercedem negotia eant, pauciora fore,

Tac. A. 11, 6:

haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33:

Rhegium quondam in praesidium missa legio,

Liv. 28, 28; so,

datae in praesidium cohortes,

Tac. H. 4, 35: hoc idem significat Graecus ille in eam sententiam versus, to this effect or purport, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 25; cf. id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

haec et in eam sententiam cum multa dixisset,

id. Att. 2, 22:

qui omnia sic exaequaverunt, ut in utramque partem ita paria redderent, uti nulla selectione uterentur,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 12:

in utramque partem disputat,

on both sides, for and against, id. Off. 3, 23, 89: te rogo, me tibi in omnes partes defendendum putes, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10 fin.:

facillime et in optimam partem cognoscuntur adulescentes, qui se ad claros et sapientes viros contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46:

cives Romani servilem in modum cruciati et necati,

in the manner of slaves, Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 13; cf.:

miserandum in modum milites populi Romani capti, necati sunt,

id. Prov. Cons. 3, 5:

senior quidam Veiens vaticinantis in modum cecinit,

Liv. 5, 15, 4;

also: domus et villae in urbium modum aedificatae,

Sall. C. 12, 3:

perinde ac si in hanc formulam omnia judicia legitima sint,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

judicium quin acciperet in ea ipsa verba quae Naevius edebat, non recusasse,

id. Quint. 20, 63; cf.:

senatusconsultum in haec verba factum,

Liv. 30, 43, 9:

pax data Philippo in has leges est,

id. 33, 30:

Gallia omnis divisa est in partes tres,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1; cf.:

quae quidem in confirmationem et reprehensionem dividuntur,

Cic. Part. Or. 9, 33: describebat censores binos in singulas civitates, i. e. for or over each state, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 26:

itaque Titurium Tolosae quaternos denarios in singulas vini amphoras portorii nomine exegisse,

id. Font. 5, 9:

extulit eum plebs sextantibus collatis in capita,

a head, for each person, Liv. 2, 33 fin.:

Macedonibus treceni nummi in capita statutum est pretium,

id. 32, 17, 2; cf.:

Thracia in Rhoemetalcen filium... inque liberos Cotyis dividitur (i. e. inter),

Tac. A. 2, 67.—

Of the object or end in view, regarded also as the motive of action or effect:

non te in me illiberalem, sed me in se neglegentem putabit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 16:

neglegentior in patrem,

Just. 32, 3, 1:

in quem omnes intenderat curas,

Curt. 3, 1, 21:

quos ardere in proelia vidi,

Verg. A. 2, 347:

in bellum ardentes,

Manil. 4, 220:

nutante in fugam exercitu,

Flor. 3, 10, 4:

in hanc tam opimam mercedem agite ( = ut eam vobis paretis, Weissenb. ad loc.),

Liv. 21, 43, 7:

certa praemia, in quorum spem pugnarent,

id. 21, 45, 4:

in id sors dejecta,

id. 21, 42, 2:

in id fide accepta,

id. 28, 17, 9:

in spem pacis solutis animis,

id. 6, 11, 5 et saep.:

ingrata misero vita ducenda est in hoc, ut, etc.,

Hor. Epod. 17, 63:

nec in hoc adhibetur, ut, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 16, 3:

alius non in hoc, ut offenderet, facit, id. de Ira, 2, 26, 3: in quod tum missi?

Just. 38, 3, 4.—So, like ad, with words expressing affections or inclination of the mind:

in obsequium plus aequo pronus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 10:

paratus in res novas,

Tac. H. 4, 32:

in utrumque paratus,

Verg. A. 2, 61.—

Of the result of an act or effort:

denique in familiae luctum atque in privignorum funus nupsit,

Cic. Clu. 66, 188:

paratusque miles, ut ordo agminis in aciem adsisteret,

Tac. A. 2, 16: excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, Verg. A. 6, 42:

portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum,

id. ib. 3, 533:

populum in obsequia principum formavit,

Just. 3, 2, 9:

omnium partium decus in mercedem conruptum erat,

Sall. H. 1, 13 Dietsch:

commutari ex veris in falsa,

Cic. Fat. 9, 17; 9, 18:

in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est,

Curt. 3, 8, 20.—

Esp. in the phrase: in gratiam or in honorem, alicujus, in kindness, to show favor, out of good feeling, to show honor, etc., to any one (first in Liv.; cf. Weissenb. ad Liv. 28, 21, 4;

Krebs, Antibarb. p. 562): in gratiam levium sociorum injuriam facere,

Liv. 39, 26, 12:

pugnaturi in gratiam ducis,

id. 28, 21, 4:

quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 13; cf. id. 35, 2, 6; 26, 6, 16:

oratio habita in sexus honorem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

convivium in honorem victoriae,

id. 11, 2, 12:

in honorem Quadratillae,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 7:

in honorem tuum,

Sen. Ep. 20, 7; 79, 2; 92, 1; Vell. 2, 41 al.—

In the phrase, in rem esse, to be useful, to avail (cf.: e re esse;

opp.: contra rem esse): ut aequom est, quod in rem esse utrique arbitremur,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 10:

si in rem est Bacchidis,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 2, 2, 7:

hortatur, imperat, quae in rem sunt,

Liv. 26, 44, 7:

cetera, quae cognosse in rem erat,

id. 22, 3, 2; 44, 19, 3:

in rem fore credens universos adpellare,

Sall. C. 20, 1; cf.:

in duas res magnas id usui fore,

Liv. 37, 15, 7:

in hos usus,

Verg. A. 4, 647.—

To form adverbial expressions:

non nominatim, qui Capuae, sed in universum qui usquam coissent, etc.,

in general, Liv. 9, 26, 8; cf.:

terra etsi aliquanto specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

Tac. G. 5:

in universum aestimanti, etc.,

id. ib. 6:

aestate in totum, si fieri potest, abstinendum est (Venere),

wholly, entirely, Cels. 1, 3 fin.; cf. Col. 2, 1, 2:

in plenum dici potest, etc.,

fully, Plin. 16, 40, 79, § 217:

Marii virtutem in majus celebrare,

beyond due bounds, Sall. J. 73, 5:

aliter se corpus habere atque consuevit, neque in pejus tantum, sed etiam in melius,

for the worse, for the better, Cels. 2, 2:

in deterius,

Tac. A. 14, 43:

in mollius,

id. ib. 14, 39:

quid enim est iracundia in supervacuum tumultuante frigidius? Sen. de Ira, 2, 11: civitas saepta muris neque in barbarum corrupta (v. barbarus),

Tac. A. 6, 42; cf.:

aucto in barbarum cognomento,

id. H. 5, 2:

priusquam id sors cerneret, in incertum, ne quid gratia momenti faceret, in utramque provinciam decerni,

while the matter was uncertain, Liv. 43, 12, 2:

nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos In tantum spe tollet avos,

so much, Verg. A. 6, 876:

in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,

Liv. 22, 27, 4; cf.:

quaedam (aquae) fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 24:

viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest,

Vell. 2, 43, 4:

quippe pedum digitos, in quantum quaeque secuta est, Traxit,

Ov. M. 11, 71:

meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus,

in all respects, Vell. 2, 13:

ut simul in omnia paremur,

Quint. 11, 3, 25:

in antecessum dare,

beforehand, Sen. Ep. 118.—

Sometimes with esse, habere, etc., in is followed by the acc. (constr. pregn.), to indicate a direction, aim, purpose, etc. (but v. Madvig. Gram. § 230, obs. 2, note, who regards these accusatives as originating in errors of pronunciation); so, esse in potestatem alicujus, to come into and remain in one ' s power: esse in mentem alicui, to come into and be in one ' s mind: esse in conspectum, to appear to and be in sight: esse in usum, to come into use, be used, etc.:

quod, qui illam partem urbis tenerent, in eorum potestatem portum futurum intellegebant,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38:

ut portus in potestatem Locrensium esset,

Liv. 24, 1, 13; 2, 14, 4:

eam optimam rem publicam esse duco, quae sit in potestatem optimorum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 17:

neque enim sunt motus in nostram potestatem,

Quint. 6, 2, 29:

numero mihi in mentem fuit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25; cf.:

ecquid in mentem est tibi?

id. Bacch. 1, 2, 53:

nec prius surrexisse ac militibus in conspectum fuisse, quam, etc.,

Suet. Aug. 16:

quod satis in usum fuit, sublato, ceterum omne incensum est,

Liv. 22, 20, 6: ab hospitibus clientibusque suis, ab exteris nationibus, quae in amicitiam populi Romani dicionemque essent, injurias propulsare, Cic. Div. ap. Caecil. 20, 66: adesse in senatum [p. 914] jussit a. d. XIII. Kal. Octobr., id. Phil. 5, 7, 19.—Less freq. with habere: facito in memoriam habeas tuam majorem filiam mihi te despondisse, call or bring to mind, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 108:

M. Minucium magistrum equitum, ne quid rei bellicae gereret, prope in custodiam habitum,

put in prison, kept in prison, Liv. 22, 25, 6:

reliquos in custodiam habitos,

Tac. H. 1, 87.—So rarely with other verbs:

pollicetur se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestatem,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 8. —

In composition, n regularly becomes assimilated to a foll. l, m, or r, and is changed before the labials into m: illabor, immitto, irrumpo, imbibo, impello.—As to its meaning, according as it is connected with a verb of rest or motion, it conveys the idea of existence in a place or thing, or of motion, direction, or inclination into or to a place or thing: inesse; inhibere, inferre, impellere, etc. See Hand, Turs. III. pp. 243- 356.

in (before b and p, im; before l, m, and r, the n assimilates itself to these consonants), an inseparable particle [kindred with Sanscr. a-, an-; Gr. a-, an; Goth. and Germ. un-], which negatives the meaning of the noun or participle with which it is connected; Engl. un-, in-, not: impar, unequal: intolerabilis, unbearable, intolerable: immitis, not mild, rude, etc.

in-fans ( infas, Momms. Inscr. R. N. 66; 5376; Inscr. Grut. 688, 2), fantis ( gen. plur. infantium, but infantum, Plin. Ep. 9, 20, 14), adj. [in-for], that cannot speak, without speech, mute, speechless (class.):

seu rubra Canicula findet Infantes statuas,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 40:

filius Croesi,

Gell. 5, 9, 1:

scribit Herodotus, Croesi filium, cum infans esset, locutum,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121.—

Transf., not capable of speech, not eloquent:

infantes et insipientes homines,

Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4.— Comp.: infantior, quam meus est mulio, Varr. ap. Non. 56, 11:

omnino nihil accusatore Lentulo subscriptoribusque ejus infantius,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4 init. — Sup.:

ut timerem, si nihil dixissem, ne infantissimus existimarer,

incapable of speaking, Cic. Clu. 18, 51; cf.:

historia neque nimis infans, neque perfecte diserta,

id. Brut. 26, 101.—

Not yet able to speak, young, little, infant:

infantes pueri,

Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

infantium puerorum incunabula,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153:

pupilla,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153:

filius,

id. Clu. 9, 27:

filia,

Suet. Ner. 35.—

Of the young of the brute creation: pulli,

Plin. 10, 33, 49, § 92:

catuli,

id. 29, 5, 32, § 100.— Of a plant, little:

boletus,

Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 93:

ova,

fresh, Ov. M. 4, 518.—

Esp. as subst.: infans, fantis, com. gen.

In gen., a young or little child, an infant, babe:

natura movet infantem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

non mulieribus, non infantibus pepercerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

parvi,

Lucr. 1, 184:

in Sabinis incertus infans natus, masculus an femina esset,

Liv. 31, 12 med.:

rusticus,

Juv. 3, 176; 9, 60:

crassus,

id. 13, 163; 14, 168:

infantem suam reportavit,

Quint. 6, 1, 39:

infantumque animae flentes,

Verg. A. 6, 427:

semestris,

Liv. 21, 62:

ab infante,

from infancy, Col. 1, 8, 2; so,

ab infantibus (of more than one),

Cels. 7, 7, 15.—

Esp., of the unborn child:

infantem in utero matris Io triumphe clamasse,

Liv. 24, 10 fin. —

Of or belonging to an infant, infantine:

pectoraque absorbent avidis infantia linguis,

Ov. F. 6, 145:

infantia ossa,

id. M. 4, 517:

guttura,

id. ib. 4, 229:

tutus ut infanti vagiat ore puer,

id. F. 4, 208:

manus,

id. H. 9, 86:

umbrae,

of departed infants, id. ib. 11, 119.—

Childish, like a child. —Hence,

Silly:

illa Hortensiana omnia fuere infantia,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 1.—

Speechless, not expressing itself in words:

pudor,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 57. —

For infandus, unutterable, unheard of (anteclass.): facinus, Att. ap. Non. 56, 12 (Trag. Fragm. v. 189 Rib.).

in-fans ( infas, Momms. Inscr. R. N. 66; 5376; Inscr. Grut. 688, 2), fantis ( gen. plur. infantium, but infantum, Plin. Ep. 9, 20, 14), adj. [in-for], that cannot speak, without speech, mute, speechless (class.):

seu rubra Canicula findet Infantes statuas,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 40:

filius Croesi,

Gell. 5, 9, 1:

scribit Herodotus, Croesi filium, cum infans esset, locutum,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121.—

Transf., not capable of speech, not eloquent:

infantes et insipientes homines,

Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 4.— Comp.: infantior, quam meus est mulio, Varr. ap. Non. 56, 11:

omnino nihil accusatore Lentulo subscriptoribusque ejus infantius,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4 init. — Sup.:

ut timerem, si nihil dixissem, ne infantissimus existimarer,

incapable of speaking, Cic. Clu. 18, 51; cf.:

historia neque nimis infans, neque perfecte diserta,

id. Brut. 26, 101.—

Not yet able to speak, young, little, infant:

infantes pueri,

Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:

infantium puerorum incunabula,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153:

pupilla,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153:

filius,

id. Clu. 9, 27:

filia,

Suet. Ner. 35.—

Of the young of the brute creation: pulli,

Plin. 10, 33, 49, § 92:

catuli,

id. 29, 5, 32, § 100.— Of a plant, little:

boletus,

Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 93:

ova,

fresh, Ov. M. 4, 518.—

Esp. as subst.: infans, fantis, com. gen.

In gen., a young or little child, an infant, babe:

natura movet infantem,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

non mulieribus, non infantibus pepercerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

parvi,

Lucr. 1, 184:

in Sabinis incertus infans natus, masculus an femina esset,

Liv. 31, 12 med.:

rusticus,

Juv. 3, 176; 9, 60:

crassus,

id. 13, 163; 14, 168:

infantem suam reportavit,

Quint. 6, 1, 39:

infantumque animae flentes,

Verg. A. 6, 427:

semestris,

Liv. 21, 62:

ab infante,

from infancy, Col. 1, 8, 2; so,

ab infantibus (of more than one),

Cels. 7, 7, 15.—

Esp., of the unborn child:

infantem in utero matris Io triumphe clamasse,

Liv. 24, 10 fin. —

Of or belonging to an infant, infantine:

pectoraque absorbent avidis infantia linguis,

Ov. F. 6, 145:

infantia ossa,

id. M. 4, 517:

guttura,

id. ib. 4, 229:

tutus ut infanti vagiat ore puer,

id. F. 4, 208:

manus,

id. H. 9, 86:

umbrae,

of departed infants, id. ib. 11, 119.—

Childish, like a child. —Hence,

Silly:

illa Hortensiana omnia fuere infantia,

Cic. Att. 10, 18, 1.—

Speechless, not expressing itself in words:

pudor,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 57. —

For infandus, unutterable, unheard of (anteclass.): facinus, Att. ap. Non. 56, 12 (Trag. Fragm. v. 189 Rib.).

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

ipse ( ipsus, Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.); gen. ipsīus ( poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110:

eapse = ea ipsa,

id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32:

eampse,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6:

eāpse,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = autos, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.

In gen.

With substt. or pronn.

Expressing eminence or distinction:

ipse ille Gorgias... in illo ipso Platonis libro,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129:

ille ipse Marcellus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:

natura ipsa,

id. Brut. 29, 112:

dicet pro me ipsa virtus,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65:

ipsa res publica,

id. Fam. 3, 11, 3:

neque enim ipse Caesar est alienus a nobis,

id. ib. 6, 10, 2:

ipse Moeris,

Verg. E. 8, 96:

rex ipse Aeneas,

id. A. 1, 575:

ipse aries,

id. E. 3, 95:

ductores ipsi,

id. A. 1, 189:

si in ipsa arce habitarem,

Liv. 2, 7, 10;

esp. freq. with names of gods, etc.: naturas quas Juppiter ipse Addidit,

Verg. G. 4, 149; id. A. 3, 222; Hor. C. 1, 16, 12:

Pater ipse,

Verg. G. 1, 121; Tib. 1, 4, 23:

Venus ipsa,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 13; Ov. H. 19, 159:

ipse pater Pluton,

Verg. A. 7, 327 et saep.—Prov.:

audentes deus ipse juvat,

Ov. M. 10, 586.—

For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person:

adest optime ipse frater,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66:

in orationibus hisce ipsis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73:

ea ipsa hora,

id. Fam. 7, 23, 4:

nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,

Verg. E. 10, 63:

tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 124:

lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91:

ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ipse ille divinationis auctor,

id. Div. 2, 28, 61:

cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,

the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers:

estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31:

cui tutor is fuerat ipse,

Liv. 5, 33, 3:

jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,

even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132:

tempus ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,

id. 2, 42, 5:

Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,

id. 2, 38, 1:

eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2:

nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,

id. de Sen. 22, 80:

ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,

Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause:

ipsum dicere ineptum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?

the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1:

ipsum, quod habuisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2:

et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,

Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—

Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146:

atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

quaeram ex ipsā,

Cic. Cael. 14:

tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,

Liv. 1, 5, 5:

agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,

id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, [p. 999] 6, 10:

laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,

id. 28, 4, 1:

a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,

Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.:

ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82:

ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93:

nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —

To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he ( she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.

Ipse alone:

litterae Metello Capuam adlatae sunt a Clodia, quae ipsa transiit,

i. e. also, in person, Cic. Att. 9, 6, 3:

Italiam ornare quam domum suam maluit: quamquam Italia ornata domus ipsa mihi videtur ornatior,

id. Off. 2, 22, 76:

tris ipse excitavit recitatores,

he too, id. Clu. 51, 141:

neque tanti timoris sum ut ipse deficiam,

Caes. B. C. 2, 31, 8:

Jugurtha, tametsi regem ficta locutum intellegebat, et ipse longe aliter animo agitabat,

Sall. J. 11, 1:

hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque juventus Laeta facit,

Verg. A. 2, 394.—

With conjunctions.

With etiam (class.):

ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,

Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio;

his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,

id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —

With quoque:

quippe quia plebs senatus consultum solvit, ipsi quoque solutum vultis,

Liv. 3, 21, 4:

consul, quia collegae decretum triumphum audivit, ipse quoque triumphi flagitator Romam rediit,

id. 8, 12, 9:

cum subito Sulpicius et Albinovanus objecissent catervas, ipse quoque (Sulla) jaculatus, etc.,

Flor. 3, 21, 7.—

With et (et ipse = kai autos, ipse etiam; rare in Cic.; cf.

Zumpt, Gram. § 698): tamen et ipsi tuae familiae genere et nomine continebuntur,

Cic. Caecin. 20, 58:

deseret eos quos una scis esse, cum habeat praesertim et ipse cohortis triginta?

id. Att. 8, 7, 1; id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

Cornelius dictatorem Aemilium dixit, et ipse ab eo magister equitum est dictus,

Liv. 4, 31, 5:

credo ego vos, socii, et ipsos cernere,

id. 21, 21, 3:

Cornelio minus copiarum datum, quia L. Manlius praetor et ipse cum praesidio in Galliam mittebatur,

id. 21, 17, 7:

qui et ipse crus fregerat,

Suet. Aug. 43:

Antoninus Commodus nihil paternum habuit, nisi quod contra Germanos feliciter et ipse pugnavit,

Eutr. 8, 7:

virtutes et ipsae taedium pariunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 43. —

With nec ( = ne ipse quidem):

primis repulsis Maharbal cum majore robore virorum missus nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,

Liv. 23, 18, 4:

nihil moveri viderunt, nec ipsi quicquam mutarunt,

id. 37, 20, 8:

neque ipsi,

id. 30, 42, 7: crimina non quidem nec ipsa mediocria;

sed quid ista sunt prae iis, etc.,

id. 34, 32, 9.

Esp.

By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.:

ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,

Ter. And. 2, 2, 23:

ipsum praesto video,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

ego eo quo me ipsa misit,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10:

suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,

Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.:

Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,

i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.:

nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,

Quint. 11, 1, 27:

cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,

the great man, Juv. 1, 33:

anseris ante ipsum jecur,

before the host, id. 5, 114.—

Of or by one ' s self, of one ' s own accord = suā sponte, ultro:

videar non ipse promisisse (opp. to fortuito),

Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

de manibus delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

valvae clausae se ipsae aperuerunt,

id. Div. 1, 37, 74:

ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae Ubera,

Verg. E. 4, 21:

ipsi potum venient juvenci,

id. ib. 7, 11; cf.:

aliae ipsae Sponte sua veniunt,

id. G. 2, 10:

fruges sponte sua (tellus) primum ipsa creavit,

Lucr. 2, 11, 58; and autai for automatoi, Theocr. Idyll. 11, 12.—

Himself exclusively.

By or in one ' s self, alone:

haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,

Verg. A. 6, 185:

his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,

id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475:

quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45:

multa secum ipse volvens,

Sall. C. 32, 1:

aestimando ipse secum,

Liv. 25, 23, 11.—

In one ' s self, for one ' s own sake:

ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—

Of one ' s self, of one ' s own nature, etc.:

erat ipse immani acerbāque naturā Oppianicus,

Cic. Clu. 15, 44:

duo imperatores, ipsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus,

Sall. J. 52, 1:

natura serpentium, ipsa perniciosa, siti accenditur,

id. ib. 89, 5.—

With advv. of time.

Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time:

nunc ipsum exurit,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16:

nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2:

nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,

id. ib. 12, 16. —

Tum ipsum, just then, at that very time:

id, quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

ratio largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum ad facultates accommodanda est,

id. Off. 2, 17, 60:

et tum ipsum, cum immolare velis, extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118; cf. id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv.—

With numerals, just, exactly, precisely (opp. fere):

triginta dies erant ipsi, cum, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 21 init.:

ipsas undecim esse legiones,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 2:

nam cum dixisset minus 1000 (sc. milia), populus cum risu acclamavit, ipsa esse,

id. Caecin. 10, 28; cf. id. Brut. 15, 61; 43, 162:

ipso vigesimo anno,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 9, § 25. —

In reflexive uses,

Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,

With subject.

In gen.:

non egeo medicina (i. e. ut alii me consolentur), me ipse consolor,

Cic. Lael. 3, 10:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

neque potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipse non continet,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

Artaxerxes se ipse reprehendit,

Nep. Dat. 5:

ipsa se virtus satis ostendit,

Sall. J. 85; cf.:

deponendo tutelam ipse in se unum omnium vires convertit,

Liv. 24, 4, 9:

deforme etiam est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137.—

With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.):

cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17:

si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 28:

qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,

id. ib. 5, 10, 29:

quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,

id. ib. 3, 18, 59:

nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—

With object:

neque vero ipsam amicitiam tueri (possumus), nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24:

fac ut diligentissime te ipsum custodias,

id. Fam. 9, 14, 8:

Pompeianus miles fratrem suum, dein se ipsum interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51:

Lentulum, quem mihi ipsi antepono,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 5.—

Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun:

natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),

Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi;

jubeant abire se,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4:

in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,

Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—

Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,

Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.):

cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46:

quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?

id. Sest. 14, 32:

quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,

id. Fin. 2, 35, 117:

qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,

id. ib. 3, 19, 64:

nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,

id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—

In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker;

esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5:

legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,

Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.:

ipsis mortuis,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

ipsius,

id. ib. 2, 22, 55:

nihil umquam audivi... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,

id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem;

opp. id quod adversario prodest),

id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—

In gen., for an emphatic se or sibi (mostly post-Aug.; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40):

nam ipsis certum esse, etc.,

Liv. 35, 46, 13:

pravitas consulum discordiaque inter ipsos,

id. 4, 26, 6:

inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta,

Curt. 3, 5, 15:

Graecis nuntiare jubet, ipsum quidem gratias agere, etc.,

id. 3, 8, 7:

dixit, ab illo deo ipsos genus ducere,

id. 4, 2, 3:

a quibus nec acceperunt injuriam nec accepisse ipsos existimant, Sen. de Ira, 2, 5, 1: intemperantiam in morbo suam experti parere ipsis vetant,

id. ib. 3, 13, 5:

sciunt ipsos omnia habere communia,

id. Ep. 6, 3; 22, 10 et saep.; cf.:

verum est etiam iis, qui aliquando futuri sint, esse propter ipsos consulendum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64.—

Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque;

only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,

Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus... ad sedem hostium pervenere,

id. 29, 2, 2:

C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus... pergit,

id. 45, 10, 2; cf.:

Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,

Sall. C. 18, 5:

amisso et ipse Pacoro,

Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.):

adsentando indignandoque et ipse,

Liv. 40, 23, 1:

cogendo ipse,

id. 39, 49, 3:

agendo ipse,

id. 41, 24, 2:

aestimando ipse secum,

id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.

Am. prol. 102:

ipsimet nobis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

ipsemet profugiam,

Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. autotatos, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so,

ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),

Petr. 75, 11; and:

ipsimi nostri,

id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.

mŏdĕror, ātus, 1 ( inf. moderarier for moderari, Lucr. 5, 1298), v. dep. [modus], to set a measure, set bounds to a thing (syn.: tempero, rego, guberno).

Lit., to moderate, mitigate, restrain, allay, temper, qualify; with dat. (class.):

moderari linguae,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 25:

moderare animo, ne sis cupidus,

id. Mil. 4, 5, 16:

dictis,

id. Curc. 1, 3, 39:

alicui,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 9; cf.:

moderari uxoribus,

id. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (also ap. Non. 499, 15):

quis illi finem statuet aut quis moderabitur,

Sall. C. 51, 36:

irae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 59:

fortunae suae,

Liv. 37, 35, 5:

animo et orationi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

cursui,

to sail slowly, Tac. A. 2, 70.—

With acc. (post-Aug.):

gaudium moderans,

Tac. A. 2, 75:

duritiam legum,

Suet. Claud. 14:

pretia,

id. Dom. 7.—

Transf., to manage, regulate, rule, guide, govern, direct (class. with acc.):

senatum servire populo, cui populus ipse moderandi et regendi sui potestatem tradidisset?

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

deus, qui regit et moderatur et movet id corpus,

id. Rep. 6, 24, 26:

linguam,

Sall. J. 82, 2:

moderari equos ac flectere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

habenas,

Ov. M. 6, 223:

hocine fieri, ut inmodestis te hic moderere moribus? i. e. immodeste te geras,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 44:

res rusticas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

officio consilia,

id. Fin. 2, 25, 81:

fidem blandius Orpheo,

to strike more harmoniously, Hor. C. 1, 24, 14:

mens quae omnia moderetur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 119:

cantus numerosque,

id. Tusc. 5, 36, 104.—With dat.:

ego inscitus sum, qui ero me postulem moderarier,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 88:

non vinum hominibus moderari, sed homines vino solent,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 57:

pleni moderari frena theatri,

Juv. 10, 128:

funiculo navi moderari,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154.— Absol.:

in utroque magis studia partium quam bona aut mala sua moderata (sunt),

Sall. J. 73, 4:

fortuna, cujus libido gentibus moderatur,

id. C. 51, 25.

mūtus, a, um, adj. [root mu-, to shut; Sanscr. mūkas, dumb; Gr. mutis, muaô; cf. Lat. mussare], dumb, mute (class.; cf.: infans, elinguis).

Lit., that does not speak, silent.—Of creatures who do not possess the faculty of speech, and can utter only inarticulate sounds:

pecudes,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24:

bestiae,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

agna,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219:

armenta,

Stat. Th. 5, 334:

animalia,

Juv. 8, 56:

satius est mutum esse quam quod nemo intellegat dicere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 22:

subjugale, animal,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 2, 16:

vere dici potest, magistratum legem esse loquentem, legem autem mutum magistratum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 2: papae! Jugularas hominem: quid ille? Thr. Mutus illico, he was struck speechless, was silent, could not say a word more, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 27:

ad mandata mancus est, caecus, mutus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 45: mutum dices, you shall call me dumb, i. e. I will not say a word, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 26:

omnis pro nobis gratia muta fuit,

has not spoken a word, Ov. P. 2, 7, 52:

mutus aspectus miserorum lacrimas movet,

Quint. 6, 1, 26:

numquam vox est de te mea muta,

i. e. I have never ceased to praise thee, Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 17:

dolore lyra est,

id. H. 15, 198:

spiritus,

which makes one mute, Vulg. Marc. 9, 16; 9, 24.—Of that which utters no sound, dumb, mute, silent:

tintinnabulum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 163:

imago,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5:

mare,

the silent sea, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 69:

consonantes,

which cannot be pronounced alone, mutes, Quint. 1, 4, 6: artes, the plastic arts, arts of design, opp. to eloquence, Cic. de Or. 3, 7; also, artes, the silent arts, i. e. which do not concern themselves with language, as medicine, Verg. A. 12, 397:

scientia,

i. e. which does not impart the power of speaking, Quint. 5, 10, 119:

instrumentum fundi,

i. e. wagons, carts, Varr. R. R. 1, 17:

magistri,

i. e. books, Gell. 14, 2, 1:

lapides,

that say nothing, have no inscriptions on them, Hyg. de Lim. p. 156 Goes.: muta exta dicuntur, quibus nihil divinationis aut deorum responsi inesse animadvertunt, contra adjutoria, quae certum aliquid eventurum indicant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 157 Müll.:

simulacra muta,

dumb idols, Vulg. 1 Cor. 12, 2.—

Transf., of places where no sound is heard, silent, still:

mutum forum, elinguem curiam, tacitam et fractam civitatem videbatis,

Cic. post Red. 1, 3:

solitudo,

id. Mil. 19:

spelunca,

Stat. Ach. 1, 239.—Of times:

nullum fuit tempus, quod magis debuerit mutum esse a litteris,

in which nothing should have been written, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

silentia noctis,

the deep silence of night, Ov. M. 7, 184.—Of things of which nothing is said:

mutum aevum,

not celebrated, unsung, Sil. 3, 579.—As subst.

mūtus, i, m., a dumb person, a mute (ante- and postclass): Char. Quin taces? Eut. Muto imperas, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 26: sicut mutus, Vulg. [p. 1182] Psa. 38, 13:

aperta erit lingua mutorum,

id. Isa. 35, 6; Lact. 4, 15, 8:

mutum neque stipulari neque promittere posse palam est,

Gai. Inst. 3, 105.—

mūtum, i, n. (sc. animal), a dumb creature, brute:

separat hoc nos A grege mutorum,

Juv. 15, 143.

mūtus, a, um, adj. [root mu-, to shut; Sanscr. mūkas, dumb; Gr. mutis, muaô; cf. Lat. mussare], dumb, mute (class.; cf.: infans, elinguis).

Lit., that does not speak, silent.—Of creatures who do not possess the faculty of speech, and can utter only inarticulate sounds:

pecudes,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 24:

bestiae,

id. Fin. 1, 21, 71:

agna,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 219:

armenta,

Stat. Th. 5, 334:

animalia,

Juv. 8, 56:

satius est mutum esse quam quod nemo intellegat dicere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 22:

subjugale, animal,

Vulg. 2 Pet. 2, 16:

vere dici potest, magistratum legem esse loquentem, legem autem mutum magistratum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 2: papae! Jugularas hominem: quid ille? Thr. Mutus illico, he was struck speechless, was silent, could not say a word more, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 27:

ad mandata mancus est, caecus, mutus,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 45: mutum dices, you shall call me dumb, i. e. I will not say a word, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 26:

omnis pro nobis gratia muta fuit,

has not spoken a word, Ov. P. 2, 7, 52:

mutus aspectus miserorum lacrimas movet,

Quint. 6, 1, 26:

numquam vox est de te mea muta,

i. e. I have never ceased to praise thee, Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 17:

dolore lyra est,

id. H. 15, 198:

spiritus,

which makes one mute, Vulg. Marc. 9, 16; 9, 24.—Of that which utters no sound, dumb, mute, silent:

tintinnabulum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 163:

imago,

Cic. Cat. 3, 5:

mare,

the silent sea, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 69:

consonantes,

which cannot be pronounced alone, mutes, Quint. 1, 4, 6: artes, the plastic arts, arts of design, opp. to eloquence, Cic. de Or. 3, 7; also, artes, the silent arts, i. e. which do not concern themselves with language, as medicine, Verg. A. 12, 397:

scientia,

i. e. which does not impart the power of speaking, Quint. 5, 10, 119:

instrumentum fundi,

i. e. wagons, carts, Varr. R. R. 1, 17:

magistri,

i. e. books, Gell. 14, 2, 1:

lapides,

that say nothing, have no inscriptions on them, Hyg. de Lim. p. 156 Goes.: muta exta dicuntur, quibus nihil divinationis aut deorum responsi inesse animadvertunt, contra adjutoria, quae certum aliquid eventurum indicant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 157 Müll.:

simulacra muta,

dumb idols, Vulg. 1 Cor. 12, 2.—

Transf., of places where no sound is heard, silent, still:

mutum forum, elinguem curiam, tacitam et fractam civitatem videbatis,

Cic. post Red. 1, 3:

solitudo,

id. Mil. 19:

spelunca,

Stat. Ach. 1, 239.—Of times:

nullum fuit tempus, quod magis debuerit mutum esse a litteris,

in which nothing should have been written, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1:

silentia noctis,

the deep silence of night, Ov. M. 7, 184.—Of things of which nothing is said:

mutum aevum,

not celebrated, unsung, Sil. 3, 579.—As subst.

mūtus, i, m., a dumb person, a mute (ante- and postclass): Char. Quin taces? Eut. Muto imperas, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 26: sicut mutus, Vulg. [p. 1182] Psa. 38, 13:

aperta erit lingua mutorum,

id. Isa. 35, 6; Lact. 4, 15, 8:

mutum neque stipulari neque promittere posse palam est,

Gai. Inst. 3, 105.—

mūtum, i, n. (sc. animal), a dumb creature, brute:

separat hoc nos A grege mutorum,

Juv. 15, 143.

nausĕa or nausĭa, ae, f., = nausia, sea-sickness.

Lit.:

ne nauseae molestiam suscipias aeger,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

navigavimus sine timore et nauseā,

id. Att. 5, 13, 1:

nauseā pressus,

Cels. 1, 3.—

Transf., in gen., sickness, nausea; vomiting (syn. fastidium):

nausea segnis, quae bilem movet nec effundit,

Sen. Ep. 53, 3:

cruditates, quae nauseam faciunt,

Plin. 26, 11, 69, § 112:

elaeomeli non sine nauseā alvum solvit,

id. 23, 4, 50, § 96: nauseam fluentem coërcere. Hor. Epod. 9, 35:

ubi libido veniet nauseae,

Cato, R. R. 156.—

Trop., a qualm, nausea:

cotidianam refice nauseam nummis. Audire gratis, Afer, ista non possum,

Mart. 4, 37, 9.

nausĕa or nausĭa, ae, f., = nausia, sea-sickness.

Lit.:

ne nauseae molestiam suscipias aeger,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

navigavimus sine timore et nauseā,

id. Att. 5, 13, 1:

nauseā pressus,

Cels. 1, 3.—

Transf., in gen., sickness, nausea; vomiting (syn. fastidium):

nausea segnis, quae bilem movet nec effundit,

Sen. Ep. 53, 3:

cruditates, quae nauseam faciunt,

Plin. 26, 11, 69, § 112:

elaeomeli non sine nauseā alvum solvit,

id. 23, 4, 50, § 96: nauseam fluentem coërcere. Hor. Epod. 9, 35:

ubi libido veniet nauseae,

Cato, R. R. 156.—

Trop., a qualm, nausea:

cotidianam refice nauseam nummis. Audire gratis, Afer, ista non possum,

Mart. 4, 37, 9.

nōn (old collat. forms noenum and noenu, cf. Lachm. ad Lucr. tom. 2, p. 149 sq.:

noenum pro non Lucilius lib. XXX.: sed tamen hoc dicas, quid est, si noenu molestum'st. Varro Epistola ad Fusium: si hodie noenum venis, cras quidem, etc.,

Non. 143, 33 sq.: noenum rumores ponebat ante salutem, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1; Ann. v. 314 Vahl.; so, noenum sperando cupide rem prodere summam, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 229 Müll.;

Ann. v. 411 ib.: noenum mecastor,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 28: noenu necesse'st, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 62, 127;

Ann. v. 161 Vahl.: noenu potest,

Lucr. 3, 199 Lachm. N. cr.:

noenu queunt,

id. 4, 712), adv. [contr. from neoenum, i. e. nec unum, not one, like ne hilum, not any thing (cf. Engl. not, i. q. naught, Angl.-Sax. naht, contr. from ne-aht); cf. Germ. nein], not:

hocine agis an non?

Ter. And. 1, 2, 15:

non erat abundans, non inops tamen,

Cic. Brut. 67, 238:

non est ita, judices, non est profecto,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,

id. Rep. 1, 5, 9; 1, 2, 2:

eam (fugam) si nunc sequor, quonam? Cum illo non,

id. Att. 8, 3, 5.—

Non before negatives forms a weak affirmative, and before adverbs of emphatic assertion (as prorsus, omnino, etc.) a weak negative:

moveo nonnullis suspicionem, velle me navigare: quod tamen fortasse non nollem, si possem ad otium,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2; so,

non nemo, non nihil, non nullus, v. h. vv: Res has non omnino quidem, sed magnam partem relinquere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 3: so, non prorsus, etc.—

After negatives it forms a strong affirmative, and after the adverbs above named a strong negative:

nihil non ad rationem dirigebat,

Cic. Brut. 37, 140;

v. nemo, nihil, nullus: prorsus non arbitror,

id. Tusc. 4, 4, 8:

omnino non dicere,

Quint. 10, 7, 24.—

But the negative force of non is not destroyed by a following ne... quidem, or nec... nec: non fugio ne hos quidem mores. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210; Liv. 28, 42, 16:

non medius fidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere,

Cic. Att. 9, 12, 1.—In a very few passages non is added to a negative to strengthen it (cf. Gr. ou mê):

nolle successum non patribus, non consulibus,

Liv. 2, 45, 5; id. 3, 11, 6:

nec sursum nec deorsum non cresco,

Petr. 58:

horam eximere nullam... non possumus,

Cic. Phil. 6, 3, 7; Plaut. Mil. 5, 18; id. Curc. 4, 4, 23; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.—

Unus non = ne unus quidem:

unus enim vir Numantinus non fuit, qui in catenis duceretur,

Flor. 2, 18, 17.—

Per litoten, [p. 1215] emphatic, by no means, not at all, the reverse of:

non ignobilis tragicus,

Quint. 1, 12, 18:

non inimici mihi,

Curt. 7, 10, 7; esp. with sup.:

Cethegus homo non probatissimus,

Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40:

homo non aptissimus ad jocandum,

id. N. D. 2, 17, 47:

non minime commoveri,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 125:

tu me consiliario fortasse non imperitissimo usus esses,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 2.—

Non quod, non quo, not that, not as if:

non quod sola ornent, sed quod excellant,

Cic. Or. 39, 134: me non sane movet res publica;

non quo sit mihi quidquam carius: sed, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 15, 5:

non quo sit servulus unus, idem quod familia, verum quia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58.—

Non nisi, only:

non nisi vicinas tutus arārit aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36; v. nisi.—

Non vero, truly not:

non vero tam isti quam tu ipse nugator,

Cic. Sen. 9, 27.—

Non modo, non solum... sed or sed etiam, not only... but also:

non modo falsum illud esse, sed hoc verissimum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 70; id. Lael. 15, 54;

v. modo and solum.—Sometimes sed is omitted: nec solum apud Caecinam: Fabii quoque Valentis, etc.,

Tac. H. 2, 27.—

Non modo (solum) non... sed or sed etiam, not only not... but even: sed ne... quidem... but not even:

ut non modo a mente non deserar, sed id ipsum doleam, me, etc.,

Cic. Att. 3, 15, 2:

hoc non modo non laudari, sed ne concedi quidem potest,

id. Mur. 3, 8:

tu id non modo non prohibebas, verum etiam approbabas,

id. Att. 16, 7, 3.—When the verb of the second clause is the common predicate of both clauses, the second non is omitted in the first clause:

talis vir non modo facere, sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77:

assentatio, quae non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

id. Lael. 24, 89:

advena non modo vicinae sed ne Italicae quidem stirpis,

Liv. 1, 40, 2; 3, 24, 4; 6, 20, 2:

neque solum inscientiam meam, sed ne rerum quidem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 203:

quod mihi non modo irasci, sed ne dolere quidem impune licet,

id. Att. 11, 24, 1:

non mentibus solum consipere, sed ne auribus quidem satis constare poterant,

Liv. 5, 42, 3; 4, 3, 11;

so with sed vix in the second clause: haec genera virtutum non solum in moribus nostris, sed vix jam in libris reperiuntur,

Cic. Cael. 17, 40:

non modo ad expeditiones sed vix ad quietas stationes viribus sufficiebant,

Liv. 3, 6, 8;

very rarely verum ne... quidem, instead of sed ne... quidem,

Cic. Rep. 3, 30, 42; id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 724.—

Non ita, non tam, not so very, not particularly:

simulacra non ita antiqua,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109:

non ita lato interjecto mari,

id. Or. 8, 25:

non ita diu,

id. Brut. 66, 233:

quae nunc quidem non tam est in plerisque,

id. ib. 15, 58.—So, non fere, scarcely, hardly (v. fere):

non fere quisquam,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 182.—

Non si, not even if:

injussu tuo imperator, extra ordinem numquam pugnaverim, non si certam victoriam videam,

Liv. 7, 10; Sen. Ep. 59, 8; Hor. C. 2, 14, 5; so,

followed by idcirco (ideo, eo, propterea, etc.): non si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,

Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 170; id. Cael. 9, 21; id. Top. 16, 60; Liv. 3, 45, 8.—

For nedum, much less:

vix mehercule servis hoc eum suis, non vobis probaturum arbitrer,

Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22.—

In an interrogation for nonne:

quid haec amentia significat? non vim? non scelus? non latrocinium?

Cic. Quint. 26, 82; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 5; id. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 50.—

For ne ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose, regarded by Quint. as a solecism):

qui tamen dicat pro illo Ne feceris, Non feceris, in idem incidat vitium, quia alterum negandi est, alterum vetandi,

Quint. 1, 5, 50:

vos quoque non caris aures onerate lapillis... Munditiis capimur: non sint sine lege capilli,

Ov. A. A. 3, 129; id. P. 1, 2, 105:

non Teucros agat in Rutulos,

Verg. A. 12, 78:

non etiam sileas,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 91:

non sit, qui tollere curat,

id. A. P. 460:

non ancilla tuum jecur ulceret ulla puerve,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 72:

non dubitaveris,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 3; so,

non credideris,

Rutil. Lup. 2, 9.—

With substantives coalescing to form one notion:

nec vero, aut quod efficeret aliquid, aut quod efficeretur, posse esse non corpus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 11, 40:

etiam non orator,

Quint. 2, 15, 17; 4, 1, 22: veri non dissimulator amoris, Ov. M. 5, 61:

quasi servitute praedii non possessori relicta,

Dig. 34, 1, 14 fin.:

non dominus,

ib. 43, 15, 7.—

As an answer, no:

aut etiam aut non respondere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 104:

exhereditavitne (pater filium)? Non,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; id. Verr. 1, 7, 20; id. Ac. 2, 30, 97; id. N. D. 1, 25, 70.—

In questions, non expresses surprise, and doubt of the possibility of denial (v. Madv. Gram. §

451): non sum ego servus Amphitruonis Sosia?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 247:

non tu scis, etc.?

id. ib. 2, 2, 71:

haec non turpe est dubitare philosophos, quae ne rustici quidem dubitant,

Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; id. Leg. 3, 20, 47:

Quid? aviam tuam pater tuus non manifesto necavit,

id. Clu. 14, 40.

nŭmĕrus, i, m. [Gr. nemô, to distribute; cf.: numa, nemus, nummus], a number.

Lit.

In gen.:

illi octo cursus septem efficiunt distinctos intervallis sonos: qui numerus rerum omnium fere nodus est,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6:

duo hi numeri,

Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12:

consummare perfectissimum numerum, quem novem novies multiplicata componunt,

Sen. Ep. 58:

numerumque referri Jussit,

that their number should be counted, Verg. E. 6, 85; cf.: numerus argenteorum facilior usui est, the counting, reckoning. Tac. G. 5 fin.: sed neque quam multae species, nec nomina quae sint Est numerus;

neque enim numero conprendere refert,

cannot be counted, Verg. G. 2, 104:

eorumque nummorum vis et potestas non in numero erat, sed in pondere,

Gai. Inst. 1, 122.—

In partic.

A certain collective quantity, a body, number of persons or things: tunc deinceps proximi cujusque collegii... in sortem coicerentur, quoad is numerus effectus esset, quem ad numerum in provincias mitti oporteret, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 8:

haec in Aeduorum finibus recensebantur numerusque inibatur,

Caes. B. G. 7, 76; Liv. 38, 22:

eum clavum, quia rarae per ea tempora litterae erant, notam numeri annorum fuisse ferunt,

Liv. 7, 3:

Pompilius ad pristinum numerum duo augures addidit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

haec enim sunt tria numero,

in number, altogether, id. de Or. 2, 28, 121:

classis mille numero navium,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48:

oppida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, incendunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

ad duorum milium numero ex Pompeianis cecidisse reperiebamus,

id. B. C. 3, 53: reliqui omnes, numero quadraginta, interfecti, Sall [p. 1226] J. 53, 4; cf. id. ib. 93, 8:

cum magnus piratarum numerus deesset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:

ad eorum numerum,

to the full number of them, id. ib. 2, 5, 28, § 73; id. Q. Fr. 2, 13; Caes. B. G. 5, 20:

si naves suum numerum haberent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133:

supra numerum,

superfluous, Suet. Ner. 15; id. Claud. 25:

magnus numerus frumenti,

a great quantity, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176; cf. id. Planc. 26, 64; Caes. B. C. 2, 18:

vini,

Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 66; so without an adj., like the Engl. number, for a great number:

est (in eādem provinciā) numerus civium Romanorum atque hominum honestissimorum,

id. Font. 5, 13 (1, 3):

plures numero tuti,

Tac. A. 14, 49 fin.:

sed illos Defendit numerus,

Juv. 2, 46; cf. Verg. E. 7, 52:

latet in numero virtus,

Sil. 1, 323.—

In plur.: numeri, the mathematics, astronomy:

ut a sacerdotibus barbaris numeros et caelestia acciperet,

Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87:

Thales hoc etiam numeris inquirit et astris,

Sid. 15, 79:

numerisque sequentibus astra,

Stat. Th. 4, 411. —Rarely in sing., Claud. Cons. Mall. 130.—

In milit. lang., a division of the army, a troop, band (post-Aug.):

sparsi per provinciam numeri,

Tac. Agr. 18; cf.:

plena urbs exercitu insolito: multi ad hoc numeri e Germaniā ac Britanniā,

id. H. 1, 6:

nondum distributi in numeros erant,

Plin. Ep. 10, 29 (38), 2:

revocare ad officium numeros,

Suet. Vesp. 6:

militares numeri,

cohorts, Amm. 14, 7, 19:

in numeris esse,

to be enrolled, Dig. 29, 1, 43; cf. ib. 29, 1, 38; Claud. Epith. Pall. et Celer. 86; Inscr. Grut. 1096. —

Like the Gr. arithmos, a mere number, opp. to quality, worth:

nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,

we are mere numbers, ciphers, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27; cf. Juv. 2, 46 supra.—

In gram., a number (singular, plural, dual), Varr. L. L. 9, § 65 sq. Müll.; Quint. 1, 4, 27; 1, 5, 42; 47; 1, 6, 25 et saep. —

Transf., poet., dice (marked with numbers):

seu ludet numerosque manu jactabit eburnos,

Ov. A. A. 2, 203:

et modo tres jactet numeros,

id. ib. 3, 355; cf. Suet. Tib. 14, 2.—

Trop., number, rank, place, position, estimation, relation, class, category (cf.:

nomen, locus, in loco, in vicem): me adscribe talem (i. e. talium) in numerum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 13, 33:

in illo antiquorum hominum numero reponi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210:

in deorum numero haberi,

id. N. D. 3, 19, 48:

reponere,

id. ib. 3, 3, 21:

referre,

id. ib. 3, 1, 12:

numero beatorum aliquem eximere,

Hor. C, 2, 2, 18:

si quo in numero illud, quod per similitudinem affertur, et quo in loco illud, cujus causā affertur, haberi conveniat, ostendetur,

Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:

ex hoc numero hunc esse,

id. Arch. 7, 16:

parentis numero alicui esse,

id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61 sq.:

in hostium numero habere aliquem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

ducere in numero hostium,

id. ib. 6, 32:

hujus originis apud veteres numerus erat exilis,

Amm. 23, 6, 35: in numero esse, to be of the number of, to be reckoned among, to be any thing, Lucr. 5, 180:

Q. Aelius Tubero fuit illo tempore nullo in oratorum numero,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

sine actione summus orator esse in numero nullo potest,

id. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

quo sunt in numero Curiosolites, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 75, 4; 3, 7, 2; Nep. Att. 1, 4:

quo in numero ego sum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 44, 3; 3, 53, 2:

qui in eo numero fuisset,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 25; id. Fl. 4, 9; id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

quo in numero hi quoque fuerunt,

Liv. 39, 36 fin. — Without in:

ut civium numero simus,

Liv. 4, 4, 12; 7, 30, 19; 30, 42, 9; 4, 56, 11;

36, 35, 9: aliquem hostium numero habere,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6, 3; id. B. C. 3, 82, 3; id. B. G. 6, 21, 2:

qui hostium numero non sunt,

Cic. Phil. 13, 5, 11; id. Brut. 20, 78:

aliquo numero esse,

to be of some repute, id. Fam. 1, 10; Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1; cf. Cic. Or. 62, 208; id. de Or. 3, 9, 33:

Bambalio quidam, homo nullo numero,

of no account, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

numerum aliquem obtinere,

id. Brut. 47, 175.—

A part of a whole, member, category:

omnes numeros virtutis continet,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 24:

varium et elegans omni fere numero poëma,

id. Ac. 1, 3, 9:

mundus perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris atque partibus,

id. N. D. 2, 13, 37:

animalia imperfecta suisque Trunca vident numeris,

Ov. M. 1, 427; 7, 126:

quid omnibus numeris praestantius?

Quint. 10, 1, 91:

liber numeris omnibus absolutus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 38; cf. of the days of the month: luna alternis mensibus XXX. implebit numeros, alternis vero detrahet singulos, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 325.—Hence, omnium numerorum esse, to be complete, perfect, Petr. 68:

puer omnium numerūm,

id. ib. 63. And, on the contrary:

deesse numeris suis,

to be deficient, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 11.—

Order:

quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo, Digerit in numerum,

Verg. A. 3, 446.—

An office, duty, part:

ad numeros exige quidque suos,

Ov. R. Am. 372:

Veneri numeros eripere suos,

id. H. 4, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 18; cf. id. ib. 3, 7, 26:

verae numeros modosque ediscere vitae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 143.—

Musical measure, time, rhythm, harmony, numbers:

in numerum exsultant,

Lucr. 2, 631:

in musicis numeri, et voces et modi, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187; Quint. 9, 4, 126:

histrio si paulum se movet extra numerum,

Cic. Par. 3, 2, 26; Quint. 12, 2, 12:

sit igitur hoc cognitum, in solutis etiam verbis inesse numeros,

Cic. Or. 56, 190:

Isocrates verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxit,

id. ib. 52, 174:

in solutā oratione... modum tamen et numerum quendam oportere servari,

id. Brut. 8, 32:

multum interest, utrum numerosa sit, id est similis numerorum, an plane e numeris constet oratio,

id. Or. 65, 220:

redigere omnes fere in quadrum numerumque sententias,

id. ib. 61, 208.—Hence, quamvis nil extra numerum fecisse modumque Curas, nothing out of measure, improper, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 59.—

A measure, number, in poetry:

nam cum sint numeri plures, iambum et trochaeum frequentem segregat ab oratore Aristoteles,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 182; id. Or. 64, 215:

numeris nectere verba,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 30; 4, 2, 5:

numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

i. e. the tune, Verg. E. 9, 45:

numerisque fertur Lege solutis,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 11.—

A verse, in gen. ( poet.):

arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam Edere,

i. e. verses in heroic metre, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 1:

impares,

i. e. elegiac verses, id. ib. 3, 1, 37.—Hence, nŭmĕrō (abl.), adverb., lit., measured according to number or time, i. e. precisely, exactly, just (only ante-class.; freq. in Plautus; not found in Ter. or Lucr.).

Just, precisely, at the right time, on the instant: numero mihi in mentem fuit. Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25: neminem vidi, qui numero sciret, quod scitu est opus, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 170 Müll.—

Quickly, rapidly, soon:

numero significat cito,

Non. 352, 16 sq.:

(apes) si quando displicatae sunt, cymbalis et plausibus numero reducunt in locum unum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 7. —With nimis: perfalsum et abs te creditum numero nimis, too quickly, too soon, Afran. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.: numquam nimis numero quemquam vidi facere, quam facto est opus, Turp. ap. Non. 352, 20.—

In a bad sense, too quickly, too hastily, too soon:

Menaechme, numero huc advenis ad prandium: Nunc opsonatu redeo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 13:

numero dicis,

id. Cas. 3, 5, 28; id. Mil. 5, 1, 6:

o Apella, o Zeuxis pictor, Cur numero estis mortui, hinc exemplum ut pingeretis?

why have you died too soon? id. Poen. 5, 4, 102; Afran. ap. Non. 352, 26; id. ap. Paul. ex Fest. l. l.

quippe, adv. and conj. [quī-pe], a particle of corroboration, similar to nempe (from nam-pe), surely, certainly, to be sure, by all means, indeed, in fact.

Recte igitur diceres te restituisse? Quippe:

quid enim facilius est quam probari iis, qui? etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 55: leve nomen habet utraque res: quippe;

leve enim est hoc totum, risum movere,

id. de Or. 2, 54, 219: a te quidem apte (dictum est); quippe;

habes enim a rhetoribus, etc.,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7.—Ironically, certainly, indeed, forsooth:

quippe, vetor fatis,

I, forsooth, am forbidden by the fates! Verg. A. 1, 39:

movet me quippe lumen curiae,

Cic. Mil. 12, 33.—

Introducing an explanation, for, for in fact:

quippe benignus erat,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 4:

quippe color nivis est,

Ov. M. 2, 852; 14, 91; 11, 495:

quippe homo jam grandior Se continebat ruri,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 15:

quidam contra miseriti, periturae quippe,

Phaedr. 3, 2, 5.—So parenthet.: non illi contempsere, quippe toties fusi fugatique... se et vos novere, Liv. 3, 67; Curt. 3, 4, 8 sq.—

Hence, introducing a fact given as a reason or cause, = nam, enim, for, because, inasmuch as (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

quippe si hercle rescivere inimici consilium tuom, etc.,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 9; Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 9:

intellego aequos bonosque mihi favere, quippe beneficia mea rei publicae procedunt,

Sall. J. 85, 5:

duo exercitus periculi magis praesentis quam curae expertes, quippe imperium agebatur in tam paucorum virtute positum,

Liv. 1, 25, 2; cf. Sall. C. 19; Liv. 5, 24; 6, 6.—

In connection with the causal particles, enim, etenim, quia, etc., for indeed, since in fact, inasmuch as, Lucr. 6, 617:

quippe etenim,

id. 1, 104:

insanabilis non est credendus, quippe quoniam in multis sponte desiit,

Plin. 26, 10, 64, § 100:

quippe quando mihi nihil credis,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 106.—Esp. freq.:

quippe cum,

Cic. Att. 10, 3, 1; cf.: neque Cimoni fuit turpe, sororem habere in matrimonio, quippe cum cives ejus eodem uterentur instituto, Nep. praef. § 4; Liv. 26, 39, 9:

quippe ubi dimidiae partis pars semper habebit Dimidiam partem,

Lucr. 1, 617; 990.—Also absol., Verg. A. 1, 661. —

In connection with the relative pronouns, qui, quae, quod, prop., as one in fact who, which, or that, i. e. since or inasmuch as I, thou, he, it, etc.

With indic.: dicat, argenti minas se habere quinquaginta: quippe ego qui nudiustertius meis manibus dinumeravi, since or seeing that I paid, Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 30: tametsi pro imperio vobis quod dictum foret, Scibat facturos; quippe qui intellexerat, Vereri vos se et metuere, since he knew that you revered, etc., id. Am. prol. 22:

aperite januam hanc Orci: nam equidem haud aliter esse duco: quippe quo nemo advenit, nisi quem spes reliquere omnes,

since no one comes here, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 2; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27:

multa de meā sententiā questus est Caesar, quippe quod etiam Ravennae Crassum ante vidisset,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 9:

plurimum terroris Romam celeritas hostium tulit, quippe quibus aegre ad undecimum lapidem occursum est,

and in fact they met them, Liv. 5, 37. —

With subj. (class.):

convivia cum patre non inibat: quippe qui ne in oppidum quidem, nisi perraro, veniret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:

nihil attinet eam ex lege considerare, quippe quae in lege scripta non sit,

id. Inv. 2, 45, 131:

cum a tyranno crudeliter violatus esset, quippe quem venundari jussisset: tamen,

Nep. Dion, 2, 3.—

In connection with etiam and et, since indeed, for even ( poet.):

quippe etiam festis quaedam exercere diebus, Fas et jura sinunt,

Verg. G. 1, 268:

quippe et Collinas ad fossam moverit herbas, Stantia currenti diluerentur aquā,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 11.—

With ut, so that (post-class.), Just. 4, 3, 2.