mortal

mortal

mortal

βρότειος

mortal: masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

βρότειος

mortal: masc /neut gen sg (doric aeolic)

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem /neut gen sg (doric aeolic)

βρότειος

mortal: masc /neut dat sg

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem /neut dat sg

Grammatical information: m. f.

Meaning: `(mortal) man', also `mortal' (Il.).

Compounds: φαεσίμβροτος. βροτολοιγός (Il.) etc. Note ἄβροτος `without men' (A. Pr. 2).

Derivatives: βρότεος (τ 545 etc.), βρότειος (Archil.) `mortal, human' (Wackernagel Unt. 69 n. 1, Schmid, - εος und - ειος 28f.); βροτήσιος `id.' (Hes.; after Ίθακήσιος, φιλοτήσιος etc., s. Chantr. Form. 41f.); βροταί γυναῖκες H. by Latte corrected in βροτοί - or a late experiment?). - ἄ-μβροτος `immortal, divine' (note ἀ-βρότη [ νύξ] Ξ 78, cf. ἀμφιβρότη [ ἀσπίς] `protecting the\/a man on all sides' Β 389), ἀμβρόσιος `id.', ἀμβροσίη `Ambrosia' food of the gods (all Il.). - On PN with μόρτος Masson R. Ph. 37 (1963) 222f. - (Not here μαραίνω.)

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [735] *mr̥-tó- `dead, mortal'

Etymology: βροτός, Aeolic for *βρατός, agrees with Arm. mard `man' (*mr̥tó-s); ptc.\/adj. Skt. mr̥tá-, Av. mǝrǝta- `dead'; Lat. mortuus, OCS mrъtvъ `dead' (suffix after vivus, živъ); the negative Skt. a-mŕ̥ta-, Av. a-mǝša- `immortal' = ἄ-μβροτος. - With different ablaut μορτός ἄνθρωπος, θνητός H. = Skt. márta-, Av. marǝta- `the mortal one, man'. - The verb `to die', (*mr̥-i̯-e\/o-) in Lat. morior, Skt. mriyáte, Lith. mir̃ti, OCS mrěti, Arm. meṙanim; further Goth. maúrÞr `Mord' etc. - S. also Thieme, Studien Wortkunde, 1952, 15-32..

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βροτέᾱς, βρότειος

mortal: fem acc pl

βροτέᾱς, βρότειος

mortal: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

βροτέᾱς, βρότεος

mortal: fem acc pl

βροτέᾱς, βρότεος

mortal: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

βρότειος

mortal: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)

βρότεος

mortal: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)

βρότειος

mortal: fem dat sg (epic ionic)

βρότεος

mortal: fem dat sg (epic ionic)

βρότειος

mortal: fem gen pl

βρότειος

mortal: masc /neut gen pl

βρότεος

mortal: fem gen pl

βρότεος

mortal: masc /neut gen pl

βρότειος

mortal: adverbial

βρότειος

mortal: masc acc pl (doric)

βρότεος

mortal: adverbial

βρότεος

mortal: masc acc pl (doric)

βρότειος

mortal: masc acc sg

βρότειος

mortal: neut nom /voc /acc sg

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem acc sg

βρότειος

mortal: neut nom /voc /acc sg

βρότειος

mortal: masc acc sg

βρότειος

mortal: neut nom /voc /acc sg

βρότεος

mortal: masc acc sg

βρότεος

mortal: neut nom /voc /acc sg

σῶμα, ατος, τό (Hom.+) ‘body.’

① body of a human being or animal, body

ⓐ dead body, corpse (so always in Hom. [but s. HHerter, σῶμα bei Homer: Charites, Studien zur Altertumswissenschaft, ELanglotz Festschr., ed. KvonSchauenburg ’57, 206–17] and oft. later, e.g. Memnon: 434 Fgm. 1, 3, 3 Jac. καίειν τὸ ς.=burn the corpse; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 2:27; TestJob 52:11; ApcMos 34 al.; Philo, Abr. 258; Jos., Bell. 6, 276, Ant. 18, 236; Ar. 4, 3; Mel., P. 28, 196) Mt 14:12 v.l.; 27:59; Mk 15:45 v.l.; Lk 17:37; Ac 9:40; GPt 2:4; pl. J 19:31. W. gen. Mt 27:58; Mk 15:43; Lk 23:52, 55; 24:3, 23; J 19:38ab, 40; 20:12; Jd 9; GPt 2:3. Pl. Mt 27:52; Hb 13:11. AcPlCor 2:27.

ⓑ the living body (Hes. et al.) of animals Js 3:3.—Mostly of human beings Mt 5:29f; 6:22f; 26:12; Mk 5:29; 14:8; Lk 11:34abc; J 2:21; Ro 1:24; 1 Cor 6:18ab; IRo 5:3. τὰ τοῦ σώματος the parts of the body 4:2. Of women αἱ ἀσθενεῖς τῷ σώματι 1 Cl 6:2; cp. Hv 3, 11, 4.—W. and in contrast to πνεῦμα (4 Macc 11:11) Ro 8:10, 13; 1 Cor 5:3; 7:34; Js 2:26. W. and in contrast to ψυχή (Pla., Gorg. 47, 493a; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 30; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 112 §467; Ael. Aristid. 45, 17f K.=8 p. 88f D.; Lucian, Imag. 23; PGM 7, 589; Wsd 1:4; 8:19f; 2 Macc 7:37; 14:38; 4 Macc 1:28; ApcEsdr 7:3 p. 32, 13 Tdf.; EpArist 139; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 372–78; 6, 55; Just., A I, 8, 4; D. 6, 2 al.; Tat. 13, 1; Ath. 1, 4; Did., Gen. 56, 4; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 2]) Mt 6:25ab; 10:28ab; Lk 12:4 v.l., 22f; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source); 12:4; MPol 14:2; AcPl Ha 1, 4. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα (s. the Christian POxy 1161, 6 [IV A.D.]) 1 Th 5:23. W. and in contrast to its parts (ApcSed 11:13; Mel., P. 78, 563) Ro 12:4; 1 Cor 12:12abc (Ltzm. ad loc.), 14–20 (PMich 149, 4, 26 [II A.D.] ἧπαρ … ὅλον τὸ σῶμα); Js 3:6; 1 Cl 37:5abcd. The body as the seat of sexual function Ro 4:19; 1 Cor 7:4ab (rights over the σῶμα of one’s spouse as Artem. 1, 44 p. 42, 14f; Iren. 1, 13, 3 [Harv. I 119, 10]).—The body as seat of mortal life εἶναι ἐν σώματι be in the body = alive, subject to mortal ills (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 3 [Stone p. 22]; Poryphr., Abst. 1, 38) Hb 13:3. ἐνδημεῖν ἐν τῷ σώματι 2 Cor 5:6 (s. ἐνδημέω). ἐκδημῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ σώματος vs. 8 (s. ἐκδημέω). διὰ τοῦ σώματος during the time of one’s mortal life (cp. Lucian, Menipp. 11, end, Catapl. 23) vs. 10 (s. κομίζω 3, but s. also below in this section). Paul does not know whether, in a moment of religious ecstasy, he was ἐν σώματι or ἐκτὸς (χωρὶς) τοῦ σώματος 12:2f (of Epimenides [A2: Vorsokrat.⁵ I p. 29] it was said ὡς ἐξίοι ἡ ψυχὴ ὁπόσον ἤθελε καιρὸν καὶ πάλιν εἰσῄει ἐν τῷ σώματι; Clearchus, Fgm. 7: καθάπερ ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν τοῖς περὶ ὕπνου φησίν, περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, ὡς ἄρα χωρίζεται τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὡς εἴσεισιν εἰς τὸ σῶμα καὶ ὡς χρῆται αὐτῷ οἷον καταγωγίῳ [a resting-place]. In Fgm. 8 Clearchus tells about Cleonymus the Athenian, who seemed to be dead, but awakened after 3 days and thereupon reported everything that he had seen and heard ἐπειδὴ χωρὶς ἦν τοῦ σώματος. His soul is said finally to have arrived εἴς τινα χῶρον ἱερὸν τῆς Ἑστίας; Maximus Tyr. 38, 3a–f Ἀριστέας ἔφασκεν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῷ καταλιποῦσαν τὸ σῶμα in order to wander through the universe. He finds faith everywhere. Similarly 10, 2f. See also the story of Hermotimus in Apollon. Paradox. 3 as well as Lucian, Musc. Enc. [The Fly] 7.—On the two kinds of transcendent vision [with or without the body] s. Proclus, In Pla. Rem Publ. II p. 121, 26ff Kroll: οἱ μὲν μετὰ τοῦ σώματος τῶν τοιούτων [like Ἐμπεδότιμος] ἵστορες [=eyewitnesses], οἱ δὲ ἄνευ σώματος [like Κλεώνυμος]. καὶ πλήρεις αἱ παραδόσεις τούτων.). ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι (παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι) 1 Cor 5:3. ἡ παρουσία τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 10:10 (παρουσία 1). The body is the instrument of human experience and suffering 4:10ab; Gal 6:17 (allusion AcPlCor 2, 35); Phil 1:20; the body is the organ of a person’s activity: δοξάσατε τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὑμῶν glorify God through your body, i.e. by leading an upright life 1 Cor 6:20; cp. Ro 12:1. This may be the place (s. above in this section) for διὰ τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 5:10 which, in that case, would be taken in an instrumental sense with or through the body (cp. Pla., Phd. 65a; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 13, 371c; Aelian, NA 5, 26 τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πραττόμενα). In some of the last-named passages (such as Ro 12:1; Phil 1:20; also Eph 5:28 w. parallel in Plut., Mor. 142e: s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 116f) the body is almost synonymous w. the whole personality (as Aeschin., Or. 2, 58; X., An. 1, 9, 12 τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα=themselves. Appian, Syr. 41 §218 παρεδίδου τὸ σῶμα τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἀπαγαγεῖν=[Epaminondas] gave himself up to those who wished to take him away, Mithr. 27 §107 ἐς τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ=against his person, Bell. Civ. 2, 106 §442 Caesar’s person [σῶμα] is ἱερὸς καὶ ἄσυλος=sacred and inviolable; 3, 39 §157 ἔργον … σῶμα=course of action … person; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55, 7 [III B.C.] ἑκάστου σώματος=for every person. See Wilcken’s note).—Because it is subject to sin and death, man’s mortal body as τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός (σάρξ 2cα) Col 2:11 is a σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας Ro 6:6 or τοῦ θανάτου 7:24; cp. 8:11. In fact, σῶμα can actually take the place of σάρξ 8:13 (cp. Herm. Wr. 4, 6b ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον τὸ σῶμα μισήσῃς, σεαυτὸν φιλῆσαι οὐ δύνασαι; 11, 21a.—Cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 19, 6). As a σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως lowly body it stands in contrast to the σῶμα τῆς δόξης glorious body of the heavenly beings Phil 3:21. In another pass. σῶμα ψυχικόν of mortals is opposed to the σῶμα πνευματικόν after the resurrection 1 Cor 15:44abc.—Christ’s earthly body, which was subject to death (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 9, 13) Ro 7:4; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7 v.l.), 10; 1 Pt 2:24; AcPlCor 2:16f. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 2:32. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ Col 1:22. Esp. in the language of the Eucharist (opp. αἷμα) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19; 1 Cor 10:16 (GBornkamm, NTS 2, ’56, 202–6); 11:24, 27, 29. S. the lit. s.v. ἀγάπη 2 and εὐχαριστία 3, also JBonsirven, Biblica 29, ’48, 205–19.—ἓν σῶμα a single body 1 Cor 6:16 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 66 Δαυίδης τήν τε ἄνω πόλιν κ. τὴν ἄκραν συνάψας ἐποίησεν ἕν σῶμα; Artem. 3, 66 p. 196, 9; RKempthorne, NTS 14. ’67/68, 568–74).

② pl. σώματα slaves (Herodas 2, 87 δοῦλα σώματα; Polyb. et al.; oft. Vett. Val.; ins, pap; Gen 36:6; Tob 10:10; Bel 32; 2 Macc 8:11; Jos., Ant. 14, 321; cp. our colloq. ‘get some bodies for the job’) Rv 18:13 (cp. Ezk 27:13; the abs. usage rejected by Atticists, s. Phryn. 378 Lob.).

③ plant and seed structure, body. In order to gain an answer to his own question in 1 Cor 15:35 ποίῳ σώματι ἔρχονται; (i.e. the dead after the resurrection), Paul speaks of bodies of plants (which are different in kind fr. the ‘body’ of the seed which is planted.—Maximus Tyr. 40, 60e makes a distinction betw. the σώματα of the plants, which grow old and pass away, and their σπέρματα, which endure.—σώματα of plants also in Apollon. Paradox. 7 [after Aristot.]) vs. 37f, and of σώματα ἐπουράνια of the heavenly bodies vs. 40 (cp. Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2 the stars as σώματα θεῖα; Maximus Tyr. 21, 8b οὐρανὸς κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ σώματα, acc. to 11, 12a οἱ ἀστέρες; 40, 4h; Sallust. 9 p. 18, 5).

④ substantive reality, the thing itself, the reality in imagery of a body that casts a shadow, in contrast to σκιά (q.v. 3) Col 2:17.

⑤ a unified group of people, body fig. ext. of 1, of the Christian community or church (cp. Cyr. Ins. 58, ‘body of the Hellenes’; Polyaenus, Exc. 18, 4 of the phalanx; Libanius, Or. 1 p. 176, 25 F. τὸ τῆς πόλεως ς.; Plut., Philop. 360 [8, 2]), esp. as the body of Christ, which he fills or enlivens as its Spirit (in this case the head belongs with the body, as Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 26 §101, where a severed head is differentiated from τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα=the rest of the body), or crowns as its Head (Hdt. 7, 140; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 58; SIG 1169, 3; 15 κεφαλή w. σῶμα as someth. equally independent; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 27): οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σῶμά ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ro 12:5. Cp. 1 Cor 10:17; 12:13, 27; Eph (s. Schlier s.v. ἐκκλησία 3c) 1:23; 2:16; 4:12, 16; 5:23, 30; Col 1:18, 24; 2:19; 3:15; ISm 1:2; Hs 9, 17, 5; 9, 18, 3f. ἓν σῶμα καὶ ἓν πνεῦμα Eph 4:4; cp. Hs 9, 13, 5; 7 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 167: all as ἓν σῶμα κ. μία ψυχή; also Just., D. 42, 3) διέλκομεν τὰ μέλη τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ στασιάζομεν πρὸς τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἴδιον 1 Cl 46:7.—T Schmidt, Der Leib Christi (σῶμα Χριστοῦ) 1919; EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33 (for a critique s. SHanson, Unity of the Church in the NT ’46, 113–16); ÉMersch, Le Corps mystique du Christ² ’36; AWikenhauser, D. Kirche als d. myst. Leib Christi, nach dem Ap. Pls² ’40; EPercy, D. Leib Christi in d. paulin. Homologumena u. Antilegomena ’42; RHirzel, Die Person: SBMünAk 1914 H. 10 p. 6–28 (semantic history of σῶμα); WKnox, Parallels to the NT use of σῶμα: JTS 39, ’38, 243–46; FDillistone, How Is the Church Christ’s Body?: Theology Today 2, ’45/46, 56–68; WGoossens, L’Église corps de Christ d’après St. Paul² ’49; CCraig, Soma Christou: The Joy of Study ’51, 73–85; JRobinson, The Body: A Study in Pauline Theol. ’52; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, 192–203; HClavier, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 342–62; CColpe, Zur Leib-Christi Vorstellung im Eph, ’60, 172–87; KGrobel, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 52–59; HHegermann, TLZ 85, ’60, 839–42; ESchweizer, ibid. 86, ’61, 161–74; 241–56; JMeuzelaar, D. Leib des Messias, ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body, ’62; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 201–304; JZiegler, NovT 25, ’83, 133–45 (LXX); JDunn: JSNT Suppl. 100, ’94, 163–81 (Col.).—B. 198. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

βροτείᾱ, βρότειος

mortal: fem nom /voc /acc dual

βροτείᾱ, βρότειος

mortal: fem nom /voc sg (attic doric aeolic)

βροτείᾱͅ, βρότειος

mortal: fem dat sg (attic doric aeolic)

βρότειος

mortal: fem gen pl

βρότειος

mortal: masc /neut gen pl

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem /neut gen pl

θνητοειδής

of mortal nature: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)

θνητοειδής

of mortal nature: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)

θνητοειδής

of mortal nature: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric)

θνητοειδής

of mortal nature: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)

θνητοειδής

of mortal nature: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)

θνητοειδής

of mortal nature: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric)

θνητός, ή, όν, also ός, όν E. Ion 973,IA 901, 1396: [dialect] Dor. [full] θνᾱτός (v. infr.): [dialect] Aeol. [full] θνᾶτος Sapph.Supp.13.7: ([etym.] θνῄσκω):—

A liable to death, mortal, opp. ἀθάνατος, freq. in Hom., Od.5.213, al.;

θ. ἄνδρες Hes. Th. 967

;

οὐδὲν.. θνητὸν ἐόν Hdt.8.98

;

ζῷα πάντα θ. καὶ φυτά Pl.Sph. 265c

: as Subst., θνητοί mortals, Od.19.593, etc.; θνηταί mortal women, 5.213; πάντων τῶν θ. of all mortal creatures, Hdt.1.216, 2.68; εἴ τις φθόγγος ( φθόγγον cod., but θ. is only used of living persons)

εἰσακούεται θνητῶν παρ' Ἅιδῃ E.HF 491

: [comp] Comp.,

ἐν θνητῷ ὄντες, ἔτι θνητοτέρους ἑαυτοὺς ποιοῦντες Porph.Abst.4.20

: [comp] Sup.,

θνητότατος πάντων Plot.5.1.1

.

2 of things, befitting mortals, human,

ἔργματα E.Ba. 1069

;

θνατὰ θνατοῖσι πρέπει Pi.I.5(4).16

;

θνατὰ χρὴ τὸν θνατὸν.. φρονεῖν Epich.[263]

, cf. S.Tr. 473;

τὸ δαιμόνιον μεταξύ ἐστι θεοῦ τε καὶ θνητοῦ Pl.Smp. 202e

.

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem gen pl (doric)

βρότεος

mortal: masc /fem gen pl (doric)

βρότειος

mortal: masc /fem gen pl (doric)

βρότεος

mortal: masc /fem gen pl (doric)

βροτείᾱς, βρότειος

mortal: fem acc pl

βροτείᾱς, βρότειος

mortal: fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

βρότειος

mortal: fem nom /voc sg (epic ionic)

βρότειος

mortal: fem dat sg (epic ionic)