-
1 mutabilitas
mūtābilĭtās, ātis, f. [st2]1 [-] mobilité. [st2]2 [-] changement, modification. [st2]3 [-] mobilité (d'esprit), inconstance.* * *mūtābilĭtās, ātis, f. [st2]1 [-] mobilité. [st2]2 [-] changement, modification. [st2]3 [-] mobilité (d'esprit), inconstance.* * *Mutabilitas, pe. corr. Cic. Inconstantia, mutabilitasque mentis. Muableté, Mutabilité. -
2 retractatus
[st1]1 [-] retractātus, a, um: part. passé de retracto. [st1]2 [-] retractātŭs, ūs, m.: - [abcl][b]a - répétition, redite. - [abcl]b - rétractation, modification, adoucissement.[/b]* * *[st1]1 [-] retractātus, a, um: part. passé de retracto. [st1]2 [-] retractātŭs, ūs, m.: - [abcl][b]a - répétition, redite. - [abcl]b - rétractation, modification, adoucissement.[/b]* * *Retractatus, pen. prod. Aliud participium, siue Nomen ex participio. Quintil. Traicte de rechef.\Retractatius opus. Cic. Reveu et recorrigé diligemment. -
3 adfectĭo
adfectĭo, ōnis, f. [adficio] [st1]1 [-] action d'affecter, influence, impression (causée par qqch). - praesentis mali sapientis affectio nulla est, Cic. Tusc. 4: le mal présent n'impressionne en rien le sage. [st1]2 [-] état qui résulte d'une influence subie, affection, modification. - odium et invidia et ceterae animi affectiones, Cic. Top.: la haine, la jalousie et les autres phénomènes affectifs. - affectio est animi aut corporis aliqua de causa commutatio, Cic. Inv. 1, 25, 36: l'affection est un changement qu'une cause quelconque opère dans l'âme ou dans le corps. - animi adfectionem lumine mentis carentem nominaverunt amentiam, Cic. Tusc. 3: l'état de l'âme auquel manque la lumière de la raison a reçu le nom de folie. [st1]3 [-] état affectif, disposition morale ou physique, état, manière d'être. - ex hac animorum affectione testamenta commendationesque morientium natae sunt, Cic. Fin. 3: c'est de cette disposition morale des hommes que proviennent les testaments et les recommandations des mourants. - cum omnes rectae animi adfectiones virtutes appellentur, Cic. Tusc. 2: alors que toutes les dispositions droites de l'âme sont appelées vertus. - vitia adfectiones sunt manentes, Cic. Tusc. 4, 30: les vices sont des états affectifs permanents. - summum bonum firma corporis adfectione contineri, Cic. Tusc. 5, 27: [dire] que le souverain bien consiste en une solide complexion physique. - fac in puero referre, ex qua adfectione caeli primum spiritum duxerit, Cic. Div. 2, 99: supposons qu'à propos d'un enfant il importe de savoir sous quelle disposition spéciale du ciel il a respiré pour la première fois. - astrorum adfectio valeat ad quasdam res, Cic. Fat. 8: admettons que telle manière d'être des astres ait de l'influence sur certaines choses. - virtus est affectio animi constans, Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34: la vertu est une disposition de l'âme qui ne change jamais. [st1]4 [-] [après Cicéron] manière dont on est affecté, disposition, sentiment. - accidere terrae simile quiddam nostrae adfectioni concesserim, Sen. Nat. 6, 24, 4: que la terre éprouve qqch d'analogue à ce que ressent l'homme, je l'accorderais. - miseremur, irascimur, utcumque pressens movit adfectio, Curt. 7, 1, 24: nous montrons de la pitié, de la colère, suivant que nous pousse la disposition du moment. - grati animi adfectio, Sen. Ben. 4, 18, 1: sentiment de reconnaissance. - ferocissimas adfectiones amoris atque odii coercuit, Gell. 1, 3, 30: il maîtrisa les deux passions les plus violentes, l'amour et la haine. - laetas inter audientium adfectiones, Tac. An. 4, 15: au milieu des sentiments d'allégresse de l'auditoire. [st1]5 [-] inclination, goût, affection, amour, tendresse. - argentum sequuntur nulla adfectione animi, Tac. G. 5: ils recherchent l'argent [métal] non point par goût. - simiarum erga fetum, Plin. 8, 216: tendresse des guenons pour leurs petits. - adfectionis specie, Amm. 16: sous un semblant d'affection. - Artemisia Mausolum virum amasse fertur ultra adfectionis humanae fidem, Gell. 10, 18, 1: on dit qu'Artémise a aimé son époux Mausole au-delà de tout ce qu'on peut attendre de la tendresse humaine. - sic adfectione simulata paulatim sororis invadunt animum, Apul. 5: ainsi en simulant la tendresse, insensiblement elles s'insinuent dans le coeur de leur soeur. - adfectio tenendi, Dig. 5, 16, 60: la volonté de conserver. - adfectiones, Cod. Th. 13, 9, 3: ceux pour qui on a de l'affection (= les enfants). - affectiones naviculariorum, Cod. Th.: la famille des matelots. -
4 modificatio
- onis s f 3o1modification, disposition, ordre (mise en modificatio) -
5 īnflexiō
īnflexiō ōnis, f [1 in+FALC-], a bending: helicis: laterum fortis, vigorous attitude.* * *modification, adaption; bending/curving (action) -
6 animus
ănĭmus, i, m. [a Graeco-Italic form of anemos = wind (as ego, lego, of ego, lego); cf. Sanscr. an = to breathe, anas = breath, anilas = wind; Goth. uz-ana = exspiro; Erse, anal = breath; Germ. Unst = a storm (so, sometimes); but Curt. does not extend the connection to AФ, aêmi = to blow; a modification of animus—by making which the Romans took a step in advance of the Greeks, who used hê psuchê for both these ideas—is anima, which has the physical meaning of anemos, so that Cic. was theoretically right, but historically wrong, when he said, ipse animus ab anima dictus est, Tusc. 1, 9, 19; after the same analogy we have from psuchô = to breathe, blow, psuchê = breath, life, soul; from pneô = to breathe, pneuma = air, breath, life, in class. Greek, and = spirit, a spiritual being, in Hellenistic Greek; from spiro = to breathe, blow, spiritus = breath, breeze, energy, high spirit, and poet. and post-Aug. = soul, mind; the Engl. ghost = Germ. Geist may be comp. with Germ. giessen and cheô, to pour, and for this interchange of the ideas of gases and liquids, cf. Sol. 22: insula adspiratur freto Gallico, is flowed upon, washed, by the Gallic Strait; the Sanscr. atman = breath, soul, with which comp. aytmê = breath; Germ. Odem = breath, and Athem = breath, soul, with which group Curt. connects auô, aêmi; the Heb. = breath, life, soul; and = breath, wind, life, spirit, soul or mind].I.In a general sense, the rational soul in man (in opp. to the body, corpus, and to the physical life, anima), hê psuchê:II.humanus animus decerptus ex mente divina,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38:Corpus animum praegravat, Atque affixit humo divinae particulam aurae,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 77:credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent qui terras tuerentur etc.,
Cic. Sen. 21, 77:eas res tueor animi non corporis viribus,
id. ib. 11, 38; so id. Off. 1, 23, 79:quae (res) vel infirmis corporibus animo tamen administratur,
id. Sen. 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 29, 102:omnes animi cruciatus et corporis,
id. Cat. 4, 5, 10:levantes Corpus et animum,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 141:formam et figuram animi magis quam corporis complecti,
Tac. Agr. 46; id. H. 1, 22:animi validus et corpore ingens,
id. A. 15, 53:Aristides primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocantur Graece ethe, item perturbationes,
first painted the soul, put a soul into his figures, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 98 (cf.:animosa signa,
life-like statues, Prop. 4, 8, 9): si nihil esset in eo (animo), nisi id, ut per eum viveremus, i. e. were it mere anima, Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 56:Singularis est quaedam natura atque vis animi, sejuncta ab his usitatis notisque naturis, i. e. the four material elements,
id. ib. 1, 27, 66: Neque nos corpora sumus. Cum igitur nosce te dicit, hoc dicit, nosce animum tuum, id. ib. 1, 22, 52:In quo igitur loco est (animus)? Credo equidem in capite,
id. ib. 1, 29, 70:corpora nostra, terreno principiorum genere confecta, ardore animi concalescunt,
derive their heat from the fiery nature of the soul, id. ib. 1, 18, 42:Non valet tantum animus, ut se ipsum ipse videat: at, ut oculus, sic animus, se non videns alia cernit,
id. ib. 1, 27, 67: foramina illa ( the senses), quae patent ad animum a corpore, callidissimo artificio natura fabricata est, id. ib. 1, 20, 47: dum peregre est animus sine corpore velox, independently of the body, i. e. the mind roaming in thought, Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 13:discessus animi a corpore,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 30, 72:cum nihil erit praeter animum,
when there shall be nothing but the soul, when the soul shall be disembodied, id. ib. 1, 20, 47; so,animus vacans corpore,
id. ib. 1, 22, 50; and:animus sine corpore,
id. ib. 1, 22, 51:sine mente animoque nequit residere per artus pars ulla animai,
Lucr. 3, 398 (for the pleonasm here, v. infra, II. A. 1.):Reliquorum sententiae spem adferunt posse animos, cum e corporibus excesserint in caelum pervenire,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:permanere animos arbitramur consensu nationum omnium,
id. ib. 1, 16, 36:Pherecydes primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos,
id. ib. 1, 16, 38:Quod ni ita se haberet, ut animi immortales essent, haud etc.,
id. Sen. 23, 82: immortalitas animorum, id. ib. 21, 78; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24; 1, 14, 30:aeternitas animorum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 39; 1, 22, 50 (for the plur. animorum, in this phrase, cf. Cic. Sen. 23, 84); for the atheistic notions about the soul, v. Lucr. bk. iii.—In a more restricted sense, the mind as thinking, feeling, willing, the intellect, the sensibility, and the will, acc. to the almost universally received division of the mental powers since the time of Kant (Diog. Laert. 8, 30, says that Pythagoras divided hê psuchê into ho nous, hai phrenes, and ho thumos; and that man had ho nous and ho thumos in common with other animals, but he alone had hai phrenes. Here ho nous and ho thumos must denote the understanding and the sensibility, and hai phrenes, the reason. Plutarch de Placit. 4, 21, says that the Stoics called the supreme faculty of the mind (to hêgemonikon tês psuchês) ho logismos, reason. Cic. sometimes speaks of a twofold division; as, Est animus in partes tributus duas, quarum altera rationis est particeps, altera expers (i. e. to logistikon and to alogon of Plato; cf. Tert. Anim. 16), i. e. the reason or intellect and the sensibility, Tusc. 2, 21, 47; so id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 36, 132; id. Tusc 4, 5, 10; and again of a threefold; as, Plato triplicem finxit animum, cujus principatum, id est rationem in capite sicut in arce posuit, et duas partes ( the two other parts) ei parere voluit, iram et cupiditatem, quas locis disclusit; iram in pectore, cupiditatem subter praecordia locavit, i. e. the reason or intellect, and the sensibility here resolved into desire and aversion, id. ib. 1, 10, 20; so id. Ac. 2, 39, 124. The will, hê boulêsis, voluntas, arbitrium, seems to have been sometimes merged in the sensibility, ho thumos, animus, animi, sensus, and sometimes identified with the intellect or reason, ho nous, ho logismos, mens, ratio).A.1.. The general power of perception and thought, the reason, intellect, mind (syn.: mens, ratio, ingenium), ho nous:2.cogito cum meo animo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; so Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 55:cum animis vestris cogitare,
Cic. Agr. 2, 24:recordari cum animo,
id. Clu. 25, 70;and without cum: animo meditari,
Nep. Ages. 4, 1; cf. id. Ham. 4, 2:cogitare volvereque animo,
Suet. Vesp. 5:animo cogitare,
Vulg. Eccli. 37, 9:statuere apud animum,
Liv. 34, 2:proposui in animo meo,
Vulg. Eccli. 1, 12:nisi me animus fallit, hi sunt, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 23:in dubio est animus,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 31; id. ib. prol. 1; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 29:animum ad se ipsum advocamus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:lumen animi, ingenii consiliique tui,
id. Rep. 6, 12 al. —For the sake of rhet. fulness, animus often has a synonym joined with it: Mens et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus,
Cic. Clu. 146:magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates,
Verg. A. 6, 11:complecti animo et cogitatione,
Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117; id. de Or. 1, 2, 6:animis et cogitatione comprehendere,
id. Fl. 27, 66:cum omnia ratione animoque lustraris,
id. Off. 1, 17, 56:animorum ingeniorumque naturale quoddam quasi pabulum consideratio naturae,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 127.—Hence the expressions: agitatio animi, attentio, contentio; animi adversio; applicatio animi; judicium, opinio animorum, etc. (v. these vv.); and animum advertere, adjungere, adplicare, adpellere, inducere, etc. (v. these vv.).—Of particular faculties of mind, the memory:3.etiam nunc mihi Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo Chrysidis,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:An imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus etc. (an idea of Aristotle's),
Cic. Tusc. 1, 25, 61:ex animo effluere,
id. de Or. 2, 74, 300: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque;... Nunc oblita mihi tot carmina,
Verg. E. 9, 51.—Consciousness (physically considered) or the vital power, on which consciousness depends ( = conscientia, q. v. II. A., or anima, q. v. II. E.):4.vae miserae mihi. Animo malest: aquam velim,
I'm fainting, my wits are going, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 6; id. Curc. 2, 3, 33:reliquit animus Sextium gravibus acceptis vulneribus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 38:Una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur,
Verg. A. 10, 487:animusque reliquit euntem,
Ov. M. 10, 459:nisi si timor abstulit omnem Sensum animumque,
id. ib. 14, 177:linqui deinde animo et submitti genu coepit,
Curt. 4, 6, 20: repente animo linqui solebat, Suet. Caes. 45:ad recreandos defectos animo puleio,
Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152.—The conscience, in mal. part. (v. conscientia, II. B. 2. b.):5.cum conscius ipse animus se remordet,
Lucr. 4, 1135:quos conscius animus exagitabat,
Sall. C. 14, 3:suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,
Cic. Sex. Rosc. 67.—In Plaut. very freq., and once also in Cic., meton. for judicium, sententia, opinion, judgment; mostly meo quidem animo or meo animo, according to my mind, in my opinion, Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 17:6.e meo quidem animo aliquanto facias rectius, si, etc.,
id. Aul. 3, 6, 3:meo quidem animo, hic tibi hodie evenit bonus,
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 69; so id. Aul. 3, 5, 4; id. Curc. 4, 2, 28; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 10; id. Ep. 1, 2, 8; id. Poen. 1, 2, 23; id. Rud. 4, 4, 94; Cic. Sest. 22:edepol lenones meo animo novisti,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 19:nisi, ut meus est animus, fieri non posse arbitror,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 5 (cf.:EX MEI ANIMI SENTENTIA,
Inscr. Orell. 3665:ex animi tui sententia,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108).—The imagination, the fancy (for which Cic. often uses cogitatio, as Ac. 2, 15, 48):B.cerno animo sepultam patriam, miseros atque insepultos acervos civium,
Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:fingere animo jubebat aliquem etc.,
id. Sen. 12, 41: Fingite animis;litterae enim sunt cogitationes nostrae, et quae volunt, sic intuentur, ut ea cernimus, quae videmus,
id. Mil. 29, 79:Nihil animo videre poterant,
id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38.—The power of feeling, the sensibility, the heart, the feelings, affections, inclinations, disposition, passions (either honorable or base; syn.: sensus, adfectus, pectus, cor), ho thumos.1.a.. In gen., heart, soul, spirit, feeling, inclination, affection, passion: Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 22 (cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 36:(α).animo hercle homo suo est miser): tu si animum vicisti potius quam animus te, est quod gaudeas, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27 -29:harum scelera et lacrumae confictae dolis Redducunt animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt),
Verg. A. 2, 73:Hoc fletu concussi animi,
id. ib. 9, 498;4, 310: animum offendere,
Cic. Lig. 4; id. Deiot. 33; so Vulg. Gen. 26, 35.—Mens and animus are often conjoined and contrasted, mind and heart (cf. the Homeric kata phrena kai kata thumon, in mind and heart): mentem atque animum delectat suum, entertains his mind and delights his heart, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10:Satin tu sanus mentis aut animi tui?
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 53:mala mens, malus animus,
bad mind, bad heart, Ter. And. 1, 1, 137:animum et mentem meam ipsa cogitatione hominum excellentium conformabam,
Cic. Arch. 6, 14:Nec vero corpori soli subveniendum est, sed menti atque animo multo magis,
id. Sen. 11, 36:ut omnium mentes animosque perturbaret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 1, 21:Istuc mens animusque fert,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 8:Stare Socrates dicitur tamquam quodam recessu mentis atque animi facto a corpore,
Gell. 2, 1; 15, 2, 7.—And very rarely with this order inverted: Jam vero animum ipsum mentemque hominis, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147:mente animoque nobiscum agunt,
Tac. G. 29:quem nobis animum, quas mentes imprecentur,
id. H. 1, 84;and sometimes pleon. without such distinction: in primis regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam,
a quiet mind and kindly heart, Verg. A. 1, 304; so,pravitas animi atque ingenii,
Vell. 2, 112, 7 (for mens et animus, etc., in the sense of thought, used as a pleonasm, v. supra, II. A. 1.):Verum animus ubi semel se cupiditate devinxit mala, etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 34:animus perturbatus et incitatus nec cohibere se potest, nec quo loco vult insistere,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41:animum comprimit,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53:animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
id. ib. 4, 37, 81; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1:sed quid ego hic animo lamentor,
Enn. Ann. 6, 40:tremere animo,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4:ingentes animo concipit iras,
Ov. M. 1, 166:exsultare animo,
id. ib. 6, 514.—So often ex animo, from the heart, from the bottom of one's heart, deeply, truly, sincerely:Paulum interesse censes ex animo omnia facias an de industria?
from your heart or with some design, Ter. And. 4, 4, 55; id. Ad. 1, 1, 47:nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,
id. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: verbum [p. 124] ex animo dicere, id. Eun. 1, 2, 95:sive ex animo id fit sive simulate,
Cic. N. D. 2, 67, 168:majore studio magisve ex animo petere non possum,
id. Fam. 11, 22:ex animo vereque diligi,
id. ib. 9, 6, 2:ex animo dolere,
Hor. A. P. 432:quae (gentes) dederunt terram meam sibi cum gaudio et toto corde et ex animo,
Vulg. Ezech. 36, 5; ib. Eph. 6, 6; ib. 1 Pet. 5, 3.—And with gen.With verbs:(β).Quid illam miseram animi excrucias?
Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 76; 4, 6, 65:Antipho me excruciat animi,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:discrucior animi,
id. Ad. 4, 4, 1:in spe pendebit animi,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 5: juvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, thumôi phileousa te kêdomenê te (Hom. Il. 1, 196), Verg. A. 10, 686.—With adjj.:b.aeger animi,
Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; 6, 10; Curt. 4, 3, 11; Tac. H. 3, 58:infelix animi,
Verg. A. 4, 529:felix animi,
Juv. 14, 159:victus animi,
Verg. G. 4, 491:ferox animi,
Tac. A. 1, 32:promptus animi,
id. H. 2, 23:praestans animi,
Verg. A. 12, 19:ingens animi,
Tac. A. 1, 69 (for this gen. v. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Key, § 935; Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. v. 105; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. p. 443).—Meton., disposition, character (so, often ingenium): nimis paene animo es Molli, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 49:2.animo audaci proripit sese,
Pac. Trag. Rel. p. 109 Rib.:petulans protervo, iracundo animo,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 1; id. Truc. 4, 3, 1:ubi te vidi animo esse omisso (omisso = neglegenti, Don.),
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9; Cic. Fam. 2. 17 fin.:promptus animus vester,
Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 2: animis estis simplicibus et mansuetis nimium creditis unicuique, Auct. ad Her. 4, 37:eorum animi molles et aetate fluxi dolis haud difficulter capiebantur,
Sall. C. 14, 5:Hecabe, Non oblita animorum, annorum oblita suorum,
Ov. M. 13, 550:Nihil est tam angusti animi tamque parvi, quam amare divitias,
Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68:sordidus atque animi parvi,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 10; Vell. 2, 25, 3:Drusus animi fluxioris erat,
Suet. Tib. 52.—In particular, some one specific emotion, inclination, or passion (honorable or base; in this signif., in the poets and prose writers, very freq. in the plur.). —a.Courage, spirit:b.ibi nostris animus additus est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 94; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 31; id. And. 2, 1, 33:deficiens animo maesto cum corde jacebat,
Lucr. 6, 1232:virtute atque animo resistere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 8:fac animo magno fortique sis,
id. ib. 6, 14 fin.:Cassio animus accessit, et Parthis timor injectus est,
id. Att. 5, 20, 3:nostris animus augetur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 70:mihi in dies magis animus accenditur,
Sall. C. 20, 6; Cic. Att. 5, 18; Liv. 8, 19; 44, 29:Nunc demum redit animus,
Tac. Agr. 3:bellica Pallas adest, Datque animos,
Ov. M. 5, 47:pares annis animisque,
id. ib. 7, 558:cecidere illis animique manusque,
id. ib. 7, 347 (cf.:tela viris animusque cadunt,
id. F. 3, 225) et saep.—Hence, bono animo esse or uti, to be of good courage, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5: Am. Bono animo es. So. Scin quam bono animo sim? Plaut. Am. 22, 39:In re mala animo si bono utare, adjuvat,
id. Capt. 2, 1, 9:bono animo fac sis,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 1:quin tu animo bono es,
id. ib. 4, 2, 4:quare bono animo es,
Cic. Att. 5, 18; so Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 26; ib. Act. 18, 25;so also, satis animi,
sufficient courage, Ov. M. 3, 559.—Also for hope:magnus mihi animus est, hodiernum diem initium libertatis fore,
Tac. Agr, 30.— Trop., of the violent, stormy motion of the winds of AEolus:Aeolus mollitque animos et temperat iras,
Verg. A. 1, 57.—Of a top:dant animos plagae,
give it new force, quicker motion, Verg. A. 7, 383.—Of spirit in discourse: in Asinio Pollione et consilii et animi satis,
Quint. 10, 1, 113. —Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: quae civitas est in Asia, quae unius tribuni militum animos ac spiritus capere possit? can bear the arrogance and pride, etc., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 66:c.jam insolentiam noratis hominis: noratis animos ejus ac spiritus tribunicios,
id. Clu. 39, 109; so id. Caecin. 11 al.; Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 3 (cf.:quia paululum vobis accessit pecuniae, Sublati animi sunt,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 56).—Violent passion, vehemence, wrath:d.animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, etc.,
Cic. Marcell. 3:animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 62:qui dominatur animo suo,
Vulg. Prov. 16, 32.—So often in plur.; cf hoi thumoi: ego meos animos violentos meamque iram ex pectore jam promam, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 43:vince animos iramque tuam,
Ov. H. 3, 85; id. M. 8, 583; Prop. 1, 5, 12:Parce tuis animis, vita, nocere tibi,
id. 2, 5, 18:Sic longius aevum Destruit ingentes animos,
Luc. 8, 28:coeunt sine more, sine arte, Tantum animis iraque,
Stat. Th. 11, 525 al. —Moderation, patience, calmness, contentedness, in the phrase aequus animus, an even mind:e.si est animus aequos tibi,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 10; id. Rud. 2, 3, 71; Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 145; and often in the abl., aequo animo, with even mind, patiently, etc.:aequo animo ferre,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 23; Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Sen. 23, 84; Nep. Dion. 6, 4; Liv. 5, 39:aequo animo esse,
Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7; ib. Judith, 7, 23: Aequo animo est? of merry heart (Gr. euthumei), ib. Jac. 5, 13:animis aequis remittere,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:aequiore animo successorem opperiri,
Suet. Tib. 25:haud aequioribus animis audire,
Liv. 23, 22: sapientissimus quisque aequissimo animo moritur; stultissimus iniquissimo. Cic. Sen. 23, 83; so id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; Sall. C. 3, 2; Suet. Aug. 56:iniquo animo,
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.; Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Quint. 11, 1, 66.—Agreeable feeling, pleasure, delight:f.cubat amans animo obsequens,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 134:indulgent animis, et nulla quid utile cura est,
Ov. M. 7, 566; so, esp. freq.: animi causa (in Plaut. once animi gratia), for the sake of amusement, diversion (cf.:haec (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causa,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12):Post animi causa mihi navem faciam,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 27; so id. Trin. 2, 2, 53; id. Ep. 1, 1, 43:liberare fidicinam animi gratia,
id. ib. 2, 2, 90:qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putabis?
Cic. Phil. 7, 6:habet animi causa rus amoenum et suburbanum,
id. Rosc. Am. 46 Matth.; cf. id. ib. § 134, and Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 17, 56; Cic. Fam. 7, 2:Romanos in illis munitionibus animine causa cotidie exerceri putatis?
Caes. B. G. 7, 77; Plin. praef. 17 Sill.—Disposition toward any one:C.hoc animo in nos esse debebis, ut etc.,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1 fin.:meus animus erit in te semper, quem tu esse vis,
id. ib. 5, 18 fin.:qui, quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant,
id. ib. 3, 6; so id. ib. 4, 15;5, 2: In quo in primis quo quisque animo, studio, benevolentia fecerit, ponderandum est,
id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod (Allobroges) nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
to be well disposed, Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin. —In the pregn. signif. of kind, friendly feeling, affection, kindness, liberality:animum fidemque praetorianorum erga se expertus est,
Suet. Oth. 8:Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est,
Verg. A. 12, 23.—Hence, meton., of a person who is loved, my heart, my soul:salve, anime mi,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 3:da, meus ocellus, mea rosa, mi anime, da, mea voluptas,
id. As. 3, 3, 74; so id. ib. 5, 2, 90; id. Curc. 1, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 48; id. Most. 1, 4, 23; id. Men. 1, 3, 1; id. Mil. 4, 8, 20; id. Rud. 4, 8, 1; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 15 et saep. —The power of willing, the will, inclination, desire, purpose, design, intention (syn.: voluntas, arbitrium, mens, consilium, propositum), hê boulêsis:D.qui rem publicam animo certo adjuverit,
Att. Trag Rel. p. 182 Rib.:pro inperio tuo meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 23:Ex animique voluntate id procedere primum,
goes forth at first from the inclination of the soul, Lucr. 2, 270; so,pro animi mei voluntate,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 8 (v. Manut. ad h.l.):teneo, quid animi vostri super hac re siet,
Plaut. Am. prol. 58; 1, 1, 187:Nam si semel tuom animum ille intellexerit, Prius proditurum te etc.,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 69:Prius quam tuom ut sese habeat animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
id. And. 2, 3, 4:Sin aliter animus voster est, ego etc.,
id. Ad. 3, 4, 46:Quid mi istaec narras? an quia non audisti, de hac re animus meus ut sit?
id. Hec. 5, 2, 19:qui ab auro gazaque regia manus, oculos, animum cohibere possit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 66:istum exheredare in animo habebat,
id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: nobis crat in animo Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere, we had it in mind to send, etc., id. Fam. 14, 11; Serv. ad Cic. ib. 4, 12:hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28:insurrexerunt uno animo in Paulum,
with one mind, Vulg. Act. 18, 12; 19, 29: persequi Jugurtham animus ardebat, Sall. J. 39, 5 Gerlach (others, animo, as Dietsch); so id. de Rep. Ord. 1, 8: in nova fert an mus mutatas dicere formas, my mind inclines to tell of, etc., Ov. M. 1, 1.—Hence, est animus alicui, with inf., to have a mind for something, to aim at, etc.:omnibus unum Opprimere est animus,
Ov. M. 5, 150:Sacra Jovi Stygio perficere est animus,
Verg. A. 4, 639:Fuerat animus conjuratis corpus occisi in Tiberim trahere,
Suet. Caes. 82 fin.; id. Oth. 6; cf. id. Calig. 56.—So, aliquid alicui in animo est, with inf., Tac. G. 3.—So, inducere in animum or animum, to resolve upon doing something; v. induco.—Trop., of the principle of life and activity in irrational objects, as in Engl. the word mind is used.1.Of brutes:2.in bestiis, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes,
whose minds, Cic. Tusc. 1, 33, 80:Sunt bestiae, in quibus etiam animorum aliqua ex parte motus quosdam videmus,
id. Fin. 5, 14, 38:ut non inscite illud dictum videatur in sue, animum illi pecudi datum pro sale, ne putisceret,
id. ib. 5, 13, 38, ubi v. Madv.:(apes Ingentes animos angusto in pectore versant,
Verg. G. 4, 83:Illiusque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, Sumite serpentis,
Ov. M. 3, 544:cum pecudes pro regionis caelique statu et habitum corporis et ingenium animi et pili colorem gerant,
Col. 6, 1, 1:Umbria (boves progenerat) vastos nec minus probabiles animis quam corporibus,
id. 6, 1, 2 si equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus ejus et animum contemplamur, App. de Deo Socr. 23 (so sometimes mens:iniquae mentis asellus,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 20).—Of plants:III.haec quoque Exuerint silvestrem animum, i. e. naturam, ingenium,
their wild nature, Verg. G. 2, 51.—Transf. Of God or the gods, as we say, the Divine Mind, the Mind of God:certe et deum ipsum et divinum animum corpore liberatum cogitatione complecti possumus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51 (so mens, of God, id. ib. 1, 22, 66; id. Ac. 2, 41, 126):Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
Verg. A. 1, 11. -
7 aut
aut, conj. [aut, Osc. auti, Umbr. ote, ute, may be a modification of autem, as at of et, the suffix -t being a relic of the demonstrative -tem, which appears in item, and is the same as -dem in quidem, and -dam in quondam, and of which the demonstrative adverbs, tam and tum, are absolute forms; the first part of these words may be compared with the Gr. au (cf. aute and autar), and with the Sanscr. vā = or, with which again may be compared ve and vel; v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 595, and also pp. 130, 223, 411], or; and repeated: aut... aut, either... or; so in Sanscr. vā... vā.I.In gen. it puts in the place of a previous assertion another, objectively and absolutely antithetical to it, while vel indicates that the contrast rests upon subjective opinion or choice; i. e. aut is objective, vel subjective, or aut excludes one term, vel makes the two indifferent.a.Used singly, or:b.omnia bene sunt ei dicenda, qui hoc se posse profitetur aut eloquentiae nomen relinquendum est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 30:Vinceris aut vincis,
Prop. 2, 8, 10:cita mors venit aut victoria laeta,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 8:ruminat herbas aut aliquam in magno sequitur grege,
Verg. E. 6, 55 et persaep. (cf. on the contrary, Tac. G. 8: quae neque confirmare argumentis, neque refellere in animo est: ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem).—Repeated, aut... aut, either... or:c.Ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni, aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?
Cic. Sen. 16, 57:Nam ejus per unam, ut audio, aut vivam aut moriar sententiam,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 3,1,11 sq.:aut, quicquid igitur eodem modo concluditur, probabitis, aut ars ista nulla est,
Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:partem planitiae aut Jovis templum aut oppidum tenet,
Liv. 44, 6, 15:terra in universum aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,
Tac. G. 5:hoc bellum quis umquam arbitraretur aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno anno aut omnibus annis ab uno imperatore confici posse?
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11,31.—More than twice repeated:d.aut equos Alere aut canes ad venandum, aut ad philosophos, Ter And. 1, 1, 29: Uxor, si cesses, aut te amare cogitat Aut tete amare aut potare atque animo obsequi,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 7 sq.; so four times in Lucr. 4, 935 sq.; five times in Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; and Prop. 4, 21, 26 sqq.; and six times in Plin. 17, 10, 9, § 58.—Sometimes double disjunctive phrases with aut... aut are placed together:e.Adsentior Crasso, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de hujus generi aut arte aut gloriā detraham,
Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35:res ipsa et rei publicae tempus aut me ipsum, quod nolim, aut alium quempiam aut invitabit aut dehortabitur,
id. Pis. 39, 94.—Repeated after negatives:f.ne aut ille alserit Aut ceciderit atque aliquid praefregerit,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 11:ne tanti facinoris immanitas aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur,
Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14; id. Sull. 43; id. Sest. 37; 39:neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa post commissa,
id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 20, 66; 1, 11, 36; 1, 20, 68; id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:nec milites ad scelus missos aut numero validos aut animo promptos,
Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 1, 18; id. Or. 12:nec erit mirabilis illic Aut Stratocles aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo,
Juv. 3, 98 sq.:neque aut quis esset ante detexit aut gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati passus est,
Suet. Caes. 58; id. Ner. 34:Nec aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere,
Curt. 4, 15, 28: Non sum aut tam inhumanus aut tam alienus a Sardis. Cic. Scaur. 39; id. Cat. 1, 13:Nihil est tam aut fragile aut flexibile quam etc.,
id. Mil. 36 al. —In interrogations:g.quo modo aut geometres cernere ea potest, quae aut nulla sunt aut internosci a falsis non possunt aut is, qui fidibus utitur, explere numeros et conficere versus?
Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22; so id. de Or. 1, 9, 37; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; id. N. D. 1, 43, 121.—In comparative clauses:II.talis autem simulatio vanitati est conjunctior quam aut liberalitati aut honestati,
Cic. Off. 1, 15, 44.—Esp.A.Placed singly, to connect to something more important that which is less so, or at least.a.Absol.:b.Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, Aut age diversos et dissice corpora ponto,
Verg. A. 1, 69 sq. Rib. (furens Juno et irata, quod gravissimum credebat, optavit, deinde quod secundum intulit, Diom. p. 411 P.):quaero, num injuste aut improbe fecerit,
or at least unfairly, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54:a se postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur,
id. ib. 2, 20, 69:quā re vi aut clam agendum est,
or at least by stealth, id. Att. 10, 12:profecto cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium fidem mutavissent,
Sall. J. 56, 6:Audendum est aliquid universis aut omnia singulis patienda,
Liv. 6, 18, 7:pars a centurionibus aut praetoriarum cohortium militibus caesi,
Tac. A. 1, 30:potentiā suā numquam aut raro ad impotentiam usus,
Vell. 2, 29.—With certe, etc., v. infra, F. 2.—B.To connect something which must take place, if that which is previously stated does not, or, otherwise, or else, in the contrary case, = alioqui:C.Redduc uxorem, aut quam obrem non opus sit cedo,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 76:id (principium) nec nasci potest nec mori, aut concidat omne caelum etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (Seyffert ad h. l., but preferring ut non; B. and K. and Kühner, vel):nunc manet insontem gravis exitus: aut ego veri Vana feror,
Verg. A. 10, 630:effodiuntur bulbi ante ver: aut deteriores fiunt,
Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 96:Mutatione recreabitur sicut in cibis... Aut dicant iste mihi, quae sit alia ratio discendi,
Quint. 1, 12, 6; 2, 17, 9.—To restrict or correct an expression which is too general or inaccurate, or, or rather, or more accurately.a.Absol.:b.de hominum genere, aut omnino de animalium loquor,
Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 5, 20, 57; id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:Aut scilicet tua libertas disserendi amissa est, aut tu is es, qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: cenaene causā, aut tuae mercedis gratiā Nos nostras aedīs postulas comburere? or rather, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 11.—In this signification aut sometimes begins a new clause: Potestne igitur quisquam dicere, inter eum, qui doleat, et inter eum, qui in voluptate sit, nihil interesse? Aut, ita qui sentiet, non apertissime insaniat? or is not rather, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20:Quid est enim temeritate turpius? Aut quid tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis gravitate atque constantiā, quam, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—With potius (v. infra, F. 4.).—D.Neque... aut sometimes, but chiefly in the poets, takes the place of neque... neque: Neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam;E.nec conjugis umquam Praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni,
Verg. A. 4, 339:Si neque avaritiam neque sordes aut mala lustra Obiciet vere quisquam mihi,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 Bentl., but ac, K. and H.:Nunc neque te longi remeantem pompa triumphi Excipit aut sacras poscunt Capitolia lauros,
Luc. 1, 287:Nam neque plebeiam aut dextro sine numine cretam Servo animam,
Stat. S. 1, 4, 66:Neque enim Tyriis Cynosura carinis Certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris,
Val. Fl. 1, 17; so also Tacitus: nec litore tenus adcrescere aut resorberi, Agr. 10; G. 7 ter; H. 1, 32; so after non:Non eo dico, quo mihi veniat in dubium tua fides, aut quo etc.,
Cic. Quinct. 5:non jure aut legibus cognoscunt,
Tac. Or. 19; id. Agr. 41; id. G. 24; after haud:Haud alias populus plus occultae vocis aut suspicacis silentii permisit,
id. A. 3, 11; after nihil:nihil caedis aut praedae,
id. A. 15, 6; 13, 4; id. H. 1, 30.—The poets connect by aut... vel, vel... aut, instead of aut... aut, or vel... vel: Quotiens te votui Argu [p. 211] rippum Conpellare aut contrectare conloquive aut contui? Plaut. As. 3, 1, 19:F.aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer opes,
Mart. 4, 78, 6 (this epigram is rejected by Schneid.):Non ars aut astus belli vel dextera deerat,
Sil. 16, 32.—In connection with other particles.1.Aut etiam, to complete or strengthen an assertion, or also, or even:2.quid ergo aut hunc prohibet, aut etiam Xenocratem, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 51:conjectura in multas aut diversas, aut etiam in contrarias partes,
id. Div. 2, 26, 55; id. Off. 1, 9, 28:si aut ambigue aut inconstanter aut incredibiliter dicta sunt, aut etiam aliter ab alio dicta,
id. Part. Or. 14, 51:etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror, aut etiam nuntiis ac rumore perlata,
id. Att. 4, 1.—So with one aut:quod de illo acceperant, aut etiam suspicabantur,
Cic. Fam. 1, 19, 36; Cels. 4, 18:si modo sim (orator), aut etiam quicumque sim,
Cic. Or. 3, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76.—Aut certe, aut modo, aut quidem, or aut sane, to restrict a declaration, or at least (cf. II. A.).a.Aut certe:b.ac video hanc primam ingressionem meam aut reprehensionis aliquid, aut certe admirationis habituram,
Cic. Or. 3, 11; id. Top. 17, 64:quo enim uno vincebamur a victā Graeciā, id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,
id. Brut. 73, 254; so Dolabella ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1; Liv. 2, 1, 4; 40, 46, 2; Cels. 1, 2; 5, 26; Prop. 4, 21, 29.—Aut modo:c.Si umquam posthac aut amasso Casinam, aut obcepso modo,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 22.—Aut quidem:d.Proinde desinant quidam quaerere ultra aut opinari... aut quidem vetustissimā nave impositos jubebo avehi,
Suet. Caes. 66.—Aut sane:3.Afer aut Sardus sane,
Cic. Scaur. 15.—Aut vero, to connect a more important thought, or indeed, or truly:4.Quem tibi aut hominem, aut vero deum, auxilio futurum putas?
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 78:Quis enim tibi hoc concesserit, aut initio genus hominum se oppidis moenibusque saepsisse? Aut vero etc.,
id. de Or. 1, 9, 36.—Aut potius, for correction or greater definiteness, or rather (cf. II. C.):5.Erravit, aut potius insanivit Apronius?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119:proditores aut potius apertos hostes,
id. Sest. 35:nemo est injustus, aut incauti potius habendi sunt improbi,
id. Leg. 1, 14, 40:Quae est ergo ista ratio, aut quae potius ista amentia?
id. Verr. 3, 173.—Aut ne... quidem:► Aut regularly precedes the words of its clause, but sometimes in the poets it takes the second place:ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,
Cic. Att. 3, 22 fin.Saturni aut sacram me tenuisse diem,
Tib.1, 3, 18 Lachm.:justos aut reperire pedes,
id. 2, 5, 112:Persequar aut studium linguae etc.,
Prop. 4, 21, 27:Fer pater, inquit, opem! Tellus aut hisce, vel istam, etc.,
Ov. M. 1, 545 (Merk., ait):Balteus aut fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,
Luc. 2, 362, where some read haud. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 525-558. -
8 Frutis
Frūtis, is (Etrusc. form Fruti; v. in the foll.), f. [an Etruscan modification of the Gr. Aphroditê], an Etruscan name of Venus:Veneri matri, quae Frutis dicitur,
Sol. 2, 14.—Hence: Frutinal, ālis, n.: templum Veneris Fruti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 90 Müll. -
9 inflexio
inflexĭo, ōnis, f. [inflecto], a bending.I.Prop.:II.quasi helicis inflexio,
Cic. Univ. 9, 27:dextra inflexio Bospori,
Amm. 22, 8, 14:laterum inflexione forti ac virili,
a vigorous and manly attitude, Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 229.—Transf., an inflection, modification: in adverbio temporum significationes non de ejusdem soni inflexione nascuntur, Macr. de Diff. c. 19, § 4. -
10 U
U, u (orig. V, v, a modification of the Greek U, Marc. Vict. p. 2459 P.), the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet ( i and j being counted as one), a vowel, which was early distinguished by the old grammarians from the consonant V, though represented by the same sign; v. the letter V. The long u corresponded in sound to the Greek ou, and to the German and Italian u (Engl. oo); the short u seems to have been an obscure sound resembling the German ü and the French u; hence ŭ sometimes represented the Greek u, as in fuga from phugê, cuminum from kuminon, etc.; and sometimes was exchanged with the Latin i, as in opt i mus and opt u mus, carn u fex and carn i fex, sat u ra and sat i ra, in the old inscriptions CAP V TALIS and NOMIN V S LATINI, in the emperor Augustus's pronunciation of s i mus for s u mus, etc.; v. the letter I. For the affinity of u with o and with v, v. under those letters. U inserted in Alcumena, Alcumaeo, Æsculapius, Tecumessa, drachuma al.; v. Ritschl in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, 8, p. 475 sq.; 9, p. 480; and cf. the letters A and O.—As an abbreviation, V. (as the sign of the vowel u) stands for uti, so V. V. uti voverant; and especially for urbs (i. e. Roma); as, U. C. (urbis conditae), or A. U. C. (ab urbe conditā). For its meanings when used as a sign of the consonant V, v. under the letter V fin. -
11 u
U, u (orig. V, v, a modification of the Greek U, Marc. Vict. p. 2459 P.), the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet ( i and j being counted as one), a vowel, which was early distinguished by the old grammarians from the consonant V, though represented by the same sign; v. the letter V. The long u corresponded in sound to the Greek ou, and to the German and Italian u (Engl. oo); the short u seems to have been an obscure sound resembling the German ü and the French u; hence ŭ sometimes represented the Greek u, as in fuga from phugê, cuminum from kuminon, etc.; and sometimes was exchanged with the Latin i, as in opt i mus and opt u mus, carn u fex and carn i fex, sat u ra and sat i ra, in the old inscriptions CAP V TALIS and NOMIN V S LATINI, in the emperor Augustus's pronunciation of s i mus for s u mus, etc.; v. the letter I. For the affinity of u with o and with v, v. under those letters. U inserted in Alcumena, Alcumaeo, Æsculapius, Tecumessa, drachuma al.; v. Ritschl in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, 8, p. 475 sq.; 9, p. 480; and cf. the letters A and O.—As an abbreviation, V. (as the sign of the vowel u) stands for uti, so V. V. uti voverant; and especially for urbs (i. e. Roma); as, U. C. (urbis conditae), or A. U. C. (ab urbe conditā). For its meanings when used as a sign of the consonant V, v. under the letter V fin.
См. также в других словарях:
modification — [ mɔdifikasjɔ̃ ] n. f. • 1385; lat. modificatio 1 ♦ Didact. Manière d être accidentelle d une substance; relation du mode à la substance qu il détermine. ⇒ modalité. « Les passions ne sont que des modifications de l amour de soi » (Rousseau). 2 ♦ … Encyclopédie Universelle
modification — I noun adaptation, adjustment, alteration, change, correction, exception, limitation, partial change, qualification, reservation, restriction, slight change, variation associated concepts: amendment, material modification, modification of a… … Law dictionary
Modification — Mod i*fi*ca tion, n. [L. modificatio a measuring: cf. F. modification. See {Modify}.] 1. The act of modifying, or the state of being modified; a change; as, the modification of an opinion, or of a machine. Bentley. Syn: change, alteration,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Modification — may refer to: Modifications of school work for students with special educational needs Modifications (genetics) Posttranslational modifications Mod (computer gaming) Modified car Body modification Grammatical modifier See also All pages with… … Wikipedia
modification — UK US /ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [C or U] ► a change to something, usually to improve it: »Modification of the firmware to run more programs is fairly simple. slight/minor modification »The press release is ready apart from a couple of slight… … Financial and business terms
modification — Refers to a change in the terms of a filed plan. A plan may be changed by the proponent of the plan or the reorganized debtor before or after confirmation. If the modification is sought after a plan has been confirmed, the plan, as modified, must … Glossary of Bankruptcy
modification — (n.) c.1500, in philosophy, from M.Fr. modification (14c.) and directly from L. modificationem (nom. modificatio) a measuring, noun of action from pp. stem of modificare (see MODIFY (Cf. modify)). Meaning alteration to an object to bring it up to … Etymology dictionary
modification — Modification. s. f. v. L action par laquelle une chose est modifiée. Il signifie aussi, Restriction, limitation. On enregistra tous les Edits avec quelque modification … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
modification — modification. См. модификация. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
Modification — Modification. См. Модифицирование. (Источник: «Металлы и сплавы. Справочник.» Под редакцией Ю.П. Солнцева; НПО Профессионал , НПО Мир и семья ; Санкт Петербург, 2003 г.) … Словарь металлургических терминов
Modification — Modification, lat., Abänderung; modificiren, abändern … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
