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101 overtandlæge
(mil.) major (Dental Corps),(mar) surgeon commander (dentist). -
102 소령
n. major, military rank above captain and below colonel; lieutenant commander, officer ranked below a general and above senior lieutenant -
103 Höherer Nachgeordneter Befehlshaber
milit. (Major Subordinate Commander) MSC (der NATO)Универсальный русско-немецкий словарь > Höherer Nachgeordneter Befehlshaber
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104 Captain
1.Воинское звание между первым лейтенантом [ First Lieutenant] и майором [ Major] в Сухопутных войсках, ВВС и морской пехоте2.В ВМС - воинское звание между коммандером [ Commander] и коммодором [ Commodore] (контр-адмиралом [ Rear Admiral]); соответствует званию полковника [ Colonel] Сухопутных войск, ВВС и морской пехоты -
105 comandante
• commandant• commander• commanding officer• field officer• major -
106 station
станция; пункт; пост; радиостанция; место ( по боевому расчету) ; позиция; точка подвески ( вооружения на самолете) ; место в строю (ЛА) ; место службы; место дислокации; ркт. кабина; Бр. авиационная станция [база]; размещать, базировать; ставить на местоairborne (communications) relay station — воздушная радиорелейная станция [пункт]
— alternate master station— data-relaying station— fueling station— gasoline service station— launching station -
107 chef
m1. (dirigeant) глава́ ◄pl. гла-► m, f; вождь ◄-я►;le chef d'une tribu — вождь пле́мени; chef de famille — глава́ се́мьи; le chef d'un parti — вождь <глава́, ли́дер> како́й-л. па́ртии; les chefs syndicalistes — профсою́зные ли́деры, руководи́тели профсою́зных организа́ций; avoir les qualités d'un chef — облада́ть ipf. ка́чествами вождя́; ● chef de file — вожа́к; заправи́ла fam., глава́рь péj.le chef de l'État (du gouvernement) — глава́ госуда́рства (прави́тельства);
2. (supérieur) нача́льник, заве́дующий ◄-его́► (+), руководи́тель, шеф (souvent fam.);le chef hiérarchique — непосре́дственный <прямо́й> нача́льник; chef d'atelier — нача́льник це́ха (d'une usine); — заве́дующий мастерско́й (de couture, etc.); chef du protocole — заве́дующий протоко́льным отде́лом; chef du personnel — заве́дующий ка́драми; нача́льник отде́ла ка́дров; chef de bureau (de laboratoire) — заве́дующий отде́лом (лаборато́рией); chef de train (de gare) — нача́льник по́езда (ста́нции); chef d'équipe — бригади́р; chef de service administratif — управля́ющий дела́ми; chef de bord — команди́р корабля́; chef d'orchestre — дирижёр, капельме́йстер; chef de chantier — производи́тель рабо́т, прора́б abrév; chef de rayon — заве́дующий отде́лом [магази́на]; chef [de cuisine] — шеф-по́вар ║ en chef — гла́вный, ста́рший; médecin [en] chef — гла́вный врач; rédacteur en chef — гла́вный реда́ктор; le chef de classe — ста́роста кла́сса; le chef d'entreprise — дире́ктор предприя́тия; le chef de la délégation — руководи́тель делега́цииles chefs hiérarchiques — нача́льники, нача́льство coll.;
3. milit. команди́р; нача́льник;chef d'état-major (de service) — нача́льник шта́ба (слу́жбы); commandant en chef, général en chef — главнокома́ндующий; commander en chef une armée — кома́ндовать ipf. а́рмией; chef de corps — команди́р ча́сти; sergent-chef, chef — ста́рший сержа́нтchef de bataillon (de section) — кома́ндир батальо́на (взво́да);
4. vx. (tête) голова́*;le chef découvert — с непокры́той голово́й
5. dr. гла́вный пункт, основна́я статья́ ◄G pl. -тей►;au premier chef — в пе́рвую о́чередь;chefs d'accusation — гла́вные пу́нкты обвине́ния;
du chef de qn от лица́ кого́-л. ;de son [propre] cher по со́бственной инициати́ве -
108 general
['ʤen(ə)r(ə)l] 1. прил.1) общий, родовой ( о понятии), общего характера (характерный для определённого класса, типа)bearing a general resemblance to the original — имеющий общее (в общих чертах) сходство с оригиналом
general workers — неквалифицированные рабочие, разнорабочие
general hospital — неспециализированная больница, больница общего типа
Syn:2)а) повсеместный; широкийб) превалирующий; наиболее широко распространённыйSyn:3) обычный, общепринятыйSyn:Ant:4) главный, основной, генеральный- General HeadquartersSyn:2. сущ.2) генерал; военачальник, командующий, полководецcommanding general — командующий, командир в звании генерала
three-star general — амер. генерал-лейтенант
Syn: -
109 chief
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110 principal
основной имя прилагательное: имя существительное:директор школы (principal, schoolmaster)ведущий актер (leader, principal, key actor) -
111 superior
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112 impono
impōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3 (arch. forms of the perf. imposivit, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 27:I.imposisse,
id. Most. 2, 2, 4; sync. form of the part. perf. impostus, a, um, Lucr. 5, 543; Verg. A. 9, 716; Val. Fl. 4, 186; Prop. 5, 2, 29; Stat. Th. 1, 227 al.), v. a. [in-pono], to place, put, set, or lay into, upon or in a place (very freq. and class.); constr. usu. with aliquid in aliquam rem or alicui rei; rarely in aliqua re or absol.Lit.A.In gen.: pedem in undam. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 4:B.hunc in collum,
id. Pers. 4, 6, 10:aliquem in rogum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; cf.:in ignem imposita'st: fletur,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 102:omnem aciem suam redis et carris circumdederunt: eo mulieres imposuerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 51 fin.:milites eo (i. e. in equos),
id. ib. 1, 42, 5:aliquid in foco Lari,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 16:coronam auream litteris,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76; cf.:collegae diadema,
id. Phil. 5, 12:operi incohato fastigium,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33:pondera nobis,
Lucr. 5, 543:serta delubris et farra cultris,
Juv. 12, 84:clitellas bovi,
Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3:juvenes rogis,
Verg. G. 4, 477:artus mensis,
Ov. M. 1, 230:aliquid mensis,
id. F. 2, 473: natum axi (i. e. in currum). Stat. Th. 6, 321:frontibus ancillarum vittas,
Juv. 12, 118:ali quem mannis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 77:aliquem jumento,
Gell. 20, 1, 11:Pelion Olympo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 52:arces montibus impositae,
id. Ep. 2, 1, 253; cf. id. C. 4, 14, 12:impositum saxis Anxur,
id. S. 1, 5, 26:celeri raptos per inania vento Imposuit caelo,
placed them in the heavens, Ov. M. 2, 507:(Romulum) ablatum terris caelo,
id. ib. 14, 811:hoc metuens molemque et montes insuper altos Imposuit,
Verg. A. 1, 62; cf.:pedem super cervicem jacentis,
Curt. 9, 7 fin.:haec super imposuit liquidum aethera,
Ov. M. 1, 67:ei jus est in infinito supra suum aedificium imponere,
to build, Dig. 8, 2, 24:pontibus praesidiisque impositis,
Tac. A. 2, 11:pons lapideus flumini impositus,
Curt. 5, 1, 29:quidvis oneris impone, impera,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 26; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 29:nec peredit Impositam celer ignis Aetnam,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 76:diadema imposuit,
Quint. 9, 3, 61:pars togae, quae postea imponitur,
id. 11, 3, 140. —In partic.1.Naut. t. t., to put on board ship, to embark; with in and acc.:2.quicquid domi fuit in navem imposivit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 27: in quas (naves) exercitus ejus imponi posset, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 14, 1:legiones equitesque Brundisii in naves,
Caes. B. C. 3, 14, 1:aeris magno pondere in naves imposito,
id. ib. 3, 103, 1.—With dat.:et nos in aeternum Exsilium impositura cymbae,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 28:ut semel imposita est pictae Philomela carinae,
Ov. M. 6, 511.—With adv.:deprehensis navibus circiter quinquaginta atque eo militibus inpositis,
Caes. B. G. 7, 58, 4:scaphas contexit, eoque milites imposuit,
id. B. C. 3, 24, 1. — With abl.: vetustissima nave impositi, Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 66. — Absol.:ipsi expediti naves conscenderent, quo major numerus militum posset imponi,
Caes. B. C. 3, 6, 1:cum Crassus exercitum Brundisii imponeret,
Cic. Div. 2, 40, 84:signa nostra velim imponas,
id. Att. 1, 10, 3:per istos quae volebat clam imponenda curabat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—Med. t. t., to apply a remedy externally:3.alium imponitur in vulnera,
Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 50:porrum vulneribus,
id. 20, 6, 21, § 47:raphanos super umbilicum contra tormenta vulvae,
id. 20, 4, 13, § 27:imponuntur et per se folia,
id. 23, 7, 71, § 138.—Of animals, to put the male to the female:II.asinum equae,
Col. 6, 36, 4; 7, 2, 5.—In mal. part., Juv. 6, 334.Trop.A.In gen., to put or lay upon, to impose; to throw or inflict upon; to put, set, or give to:B.culpam omnem in med inponito,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 54: cujus amicitia me paulatim in hanc perditam causam imposuit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 17, 1:ne magnum onus observantiae Bruto nostro imponerem,
Cic. Att, 13, 11, 1:onus alicui,
id. Fam. 6, 7, 6; 13, 56, 1; id. Rep. 1, 23; cf.:plus militi laboris,
id. Mur. 18, 38:graviores labores sibi,
Caes. B. C. 3, 74, 2:illi illud negotium,
Cic. Sest. 28, 60:vos mihi personam hanc imposuistis, ut, etc.,
id. Agr. 2, 18, 49; cf. Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 10, 2:si mihi imposuisset aliquid,
Cic. Att. 15, 26, 4:ego mihi necessitatem volui imponere hujus novae conjunctionis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; cf. id. Sull. 12, 35:mihi impone istam vim, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 60, § 138:rei publicae vulnera,
id. Fin. 2, 24, 66; so,vulnus rei publicae,
id. Att. 1, 16, 7:plagam mortiferam rei publicae,
id. Sest. 19, 44:quibus injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:injuriam sine ignominia alicui,
id. Quint. 31, 96; cf. id. Rep. 1, 3:servitus fundo illi imposita,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 3:servitutem civibus,
Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2:belli invidiam consuli,
id. C. 43, 1:leges civitati per vim imposuit,
Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15:leges alicui,
id. ib. 12, 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 34; cf.:saevas imponite leges, ut, etc.,
Juv. 7, 229:nimis duras leges huic aetati,
Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 256:huic praedae ac direptioni cellae nomen imponis,
assign, give, id. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 197:nomen alicui,
Liv. 35, 47, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 7; Tac. A. 4, 34; 14, 39 et saep.; cf.:imponens cognata vocabula rebus,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 280:finem imponere volumini,
Quint. 9, 4, 146:finem spei,
Liv. 5, 4, 10:clausulam disputationi,
Col. 3, 19, 3; cf.: quasi perfectis summam eloquentiae manum imponerent, gave the last touch to, Quint. prooem. §4: summam manum operi,
Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 16; Sen. Ep. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 33, 1; 2, 87, 1; Gell. 17, 10, 5; Quint. 1 prooem. 4:extremam manum bello,
Verg. A. 7, 573:manum supremam bellis,
Ov. R. Am. 114:modum alicui,
Liv. 4, 24, 7:modum dolori,
Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16:modum divortiis,
Suet. Aug. 34.—Prov.:imponit finem sapiens et rebus honestis,
Juv. 6, 444 (453).—In partic.1.To set over, as overseer, commander, etc.:2.si emimus, quem vilicum imponeremus, quem pecori praeficeremus,
Cic. Planc. 25, 62:consul est impositus is nobis, quem, etc.,
id. Att. 1, 18, 3:Lacedaemonii devictis Atheniensibus triginta viros imposuere,
Sall. C. 51, 28:Macedoniae regem,
Liv. 40, 12, 15; cf.:Masinissam in Syphacis regnum,
id. 37, 25, 9:Cappadociae consularem rectorem,
Suet. Vesp. 8:quid si domini milites imperatoribus imponantur?
Liv. 45, 36, 8:itaque imposuistis cervicibus nostris sempiternum dominum (deum),
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 54 (al. in cervicibus).—To lay or impose upon, as a burden, tax, etc.: omnibus agris publicis pergrande vectigal. Cic. Agr. 1, 4, 10:3.vectigal fructibus,
id. Font. 5, 10:stipendium victis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 5:tributa genti,
Suet. Dom. 12; so, tributi aliquid alicui, id. Calig. 40; cf.:tributum in capita singula,
Caes. B. C. 3, 32, 1:frumentum,
Cic. Att. 15, 10:nulla onera nova,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 49 fin. —Alicui, to impose upon, deceive, cheat, trick (= frustror, fallo, fraudo, circumvenio):Catoni egregie imposuit Milo noster,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:si mihi imposuisset aliquid,
id. Att. 15, 26, 4: populo imposuimus et oratores visi sumus, id. ap. Quint. 8, 6, 20 and 55:praefectis Antigoni imposuit,
Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:facile est barbato inponere regi,
Juv. 4, 103:falluntur quibus luxuria specie liberalitatis imponit,
Tac. H. 1, 30.— Pass. impers.:utcumque imponi vel dormienti posset,
Petr. 102. -
113 chief
1. n глава, руководитель; лидер; начальник, шеф; заведующий, директорchief of the hill — «комендант горы»
chief of a library — заведующий библиотекой, директор библиотеки
chief of police — начальник полиции, полицмейстер
2. n разг. шеф, чиф3. n вождь; властитель, повелитель4. n геральд. верхняя часть щита5. a главный; руководящий; старшийchief librarian — заведующий библиотекой, директор библиотеки
Chief of Naval Staff — начальник морского штаба ; первый морской лорд
6. a основной; важнейший, главныйchief problem — основная проблема, главный вопрос
the chief thing to do — основное, что нужно сделать
Синонимический ряд:1. first (adj.) arch; capital; cardinal; central; champion; dominant; first; foremost; fundamental; head; key; leading; main; major; number one; outstanding; paramount; predominant; preeminent; pre-eminent; premier; primary; prime; principal; prominent; star; stellar; top2. head (noun) boss; captain; chieftain; cock; commander; director; dominator; head; headman; hierarch; honcho; leader; lord; master; overseer; ringleader; ruler; supervisor3. notable (noun) big; big boy; big gun; big shot; big-timer; bigwig; character; dignitary; eminence; great gun; heavyweight; high-muck-a-muck; lion; luminary; muckamuck; mugwump; nabob; nawob; notability; notable; personage; personality; pooh-bah; pot; somebody; VIPАнтонимический ряд:follower; minor; secondary; trifling; trivial; underling; unimportant -
114 lieutenant
1. n мор. лейтенант2. n заместительСинонимический ряд:1. assistant (noun) adjutant; aid; aide; aide-de-camp; assistant; auxiliary; coadjutant; coadjutor; second2. military rank (noun) air force officer; army officer; commander; commissioned officer; leader; military rank; navy officer; second lieutenant3. officer (noun) captain; major; officer -
115 staff officer
1. офицер штаба, штабной офицерreconnaissance officer — начальник разведки; офицер разведки
old officer of the day — офицер, сменившийся с дежурства
2. офицер генерального штаба3. офицер нестроевой службы ВМССинонимический ряд:officer (noun) captain; commanding officer; company commander; junior officer; lieutenant; major; naval officer; officer -
116 Rosas, Fernando
(1946-)Portuguese academic, writer, and politician. A student at Lisbon's Pedro Nunes High School, Rosas joined the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) through an organization at that school in 1961. He entered Lisbon University's Law School and, as a militant leftist student, was arrested and imprisoned by the political police, PIDE, on several occasions in 1965, 1971, and 1973. He went underground to escape further arrest and prison until the Revolution of 25 April 1974. After he had broken with the PCP following the Paris student riots of May 1968 and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, Rosas joined a Maoist organization and directed a radical newspaper, Luta Popular (People's Struggle).Rosas returned to university study in 1981, producing a great deal of journalism oriented to historical studies in major Lisbon newspapers such as Diário de Notícias and Público. In 1986, he received a master's degree in contemporary history and joined the human and social sciences faculty at the New University of Lisbon. In 1990, he completed his Ph.D. in history and became president of the Instituto de Historia Contemporanea, a consultant for the Mário Soares Foundation, and editor of História magazine. In 1999, he reentered politics and helped establish a party coalition, Left Bloc or Bloco de Esquerda (BE); in the 2001 presidential elections he ran as a candidate for the BE, garnering only 2.9 percent of the vote.In 2006, he was decorated by the president of the republic with a medal, as Commander of the Great Cross, Order of Liberty. An authority on the subject of 20th-century political and economic history, especially on the period of the Estado Novo, he is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than a dozen books and many scores of articles and chapters in newspapers and scholarly and popular journals and magazines, and he has been active in organizing international scholarly conferences. -
117 second
Ⅰ.second1 ['sekənd]seconde ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (f), 1 (h) second ⇒ 1 (d), 2 (a), 2 (b) deuxième ⇒ 1 (d), 2 (a), 2 (b) en seconde place ⇒ 3 (a) deuxièmement ⇒ 3 (c)1 noun(a) (unit of time) seconde f;∎ the ambulance arrived within seconds l'ambulance est arrivée en quelques secondes∎ I'll be with you in a second je serai à vous dans un instant;∎ I'll only be a second j'en ai seulement pour deux secondes;∎ just a or half a second! une seconde!(d) (in order) second(e) m,f, deuxième mf;∎ I was the second to arrive je suis arrivé deuxième ou le deuxième;∎ to come a close second (in race) être battu de justesse∎ seconds out! soigneurs hors du ring!∎ in second en seconde∎ an upper/lower second une licence avec mention bien/assez bien∎ major/minor second seconde f majeure/mineure∎ every second person une personne sur deux;∎ Charles the Second Charles Deux ou II;∎ the second of March le deux mars;∎ for the second time pour la deuxième fois;∎ to be second in command (in hierarchy) être deuxième dans la hiérarchie; Military commander en second;∎ he's second in line for promotion il sera le second à bénéficier d'une promotion;∎ he's second in line for the throne c'est le deuxième dans l'ordre de succession au trône;∎ Grammar in the second person singular/plural à la deuxième personne du singulier/pluriel;∎ his wife took second place to his career sa femme venait après sa carrière;∎ and in the second place… (in demonstration, argument) et en deuxième lieu…;∎ it's second nature to her c'est une seconde nature chez elle;∎ he's second only to his teacher as a violinist en tant que violoniste, il n'y a que son professeur qui le surpasse ou qui lui soit supérieur;∎ as a goalkeeper, he's second to none comme gardien de but, il n'a pas son pareil;∎ her short stories are second to none ses nouvelles sont inégalées ou sans pareil(b) (another, additional) deuxième, second, autre;∎ a second Camus/Churchill un nouveau Camus/Churchill;∎ he was given a second chance (in life) on lui a accordé une seconde chance (dans la vie);∎ you are unlikely to get a second chance to join the team il est peu probable que l'on vous propose à nouveau de faire partie de l'équipe;∎ to take a second helping se resservir;∎ would you like a second helping/a second cup? en reprendrez-vous (un peu/une goutte)?;∎ can I have a second helping of meat? est-ce que je peux reprendre de la viande?;∎ they have a second home in France ils ont une résidence secondaire en France;∎ France is my second home la France est ma seconde patrie;∎ I'd like a second opinion (said by doctor) je voudrais prendre l'avis d'un confrère; (said by patient) je voudrais consulter un autre médecin;∎ I need a second opinion on these results j'aimerais avoir l'avis d'un tiers sur ces résultats;∎ to have second thoughts avoir des doutes, hésiter;∎ are you having second thoughts? est-ce que vous hésitez?;∎ he left his family without a second thought il a quitté sa famille sans réfléchir ou sans se poser de questions;∎ on second British thoughts or American thought I'd better go myself réflexion faite, il vaut mieux que j'y aille moi-même3 adverb(a) (in order) en seconde place;∎ to come second (in race) arriver en seconde position;∎ she arrived second (at party, meeting) elle est arrivée la deuxième;∎ the horse came second to Juniper's Lad le cheval s'est classé deuxième derrière Juniper's Lad∎ he's the second oldest player in the team après le doyen de l'équipe c'est lui le plus vieux;∎ the second largest/second richest le second par la taille/second par le revenu;∎ the second largest city in the world/in Portugal la deuxième ville du monde/du Portugal(c) (secondly) en second lieu, deuxièmement∎ I'll second that! je suis d'accord!∎ are there any seconds? il y a du rab?►► second ballot deuxième tour m;second base (in baseball) deuxième base f;1 nounpis-aller m inv;∎ I refuse to make do with second best je refuse de me contenter d'un pis-aller;∎ she knew she would never be more than second best (in person's affection) elle savait qu'elle ne serait jamais plus qu'un second choix; (athlete) elle savait qu'elle serait toujours deuxième2 adverb∎ to come off second best être battu, se faire battre;second childhood gâtisme m, seconde enfance f;∎ he's in his second childhood il est retombé en enfance;Railways second class seconde f (classe f);Religion the Second Coming le second avènement du Messie;second cousin cousin(e) m,f issu(e) de germains;British second eleven (in soccer, cricket) équipe f de réserve (dans le cadre scolaire ou amateur);Cars second gear seconde f;Sport second half deuxième mi-temps f inv;second hand (of watch, clock) aiguille f des secondes, trotteuse f;second language deuxième langue f;Journalism second lead gros titre m de deuxième ordre;second lieutenant (in army) ≃ sous-lieutenant m; Belgian & Swiss ≃ lieutenant m; (in air force) ≃ sous-lieutenant m;second name nom m de famille;Nautical second officer (officier m en) second m;second row (in rugby) deuxième ligne f;second showing deuxième représentation f;second sight seconde ou double vue f;∎ to have second sight avoir un don de double vue;Military second strike seconde frappe f, deuxième frappe f;Sport second team équipe f de réserve;second teeth deuxième dentition f, dentition f définitive;Music second violin deuxième violon mⅡ.second2 [sɪ'kɒnd]∎ she was seconded to the UN elle a été détachée à l'ONU;∎ Peter was seconded for service abroad Peter a été envoyé en détachement à l'étranger -
118 უფროსი
elder, senior, superior, chief, commander, headman, commandant, major -
119 Lithgow, James
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 27 January 1883 Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire, Scotlandd. 23 February 1952 Langbank, Renfrewshire, Scotland[br]Scottish shipbuilder; creator of one of the twentieth century's leading industrial organizations.[br]Lithgow attended Glasgow Academy and then spent a year in Paris. In 1901 he commenced a shipyard apprenticeship with Russell \& Co., where his father, William Lithgow, was sole proprietor. For years Russell's had topped the Clyde tonnage output and more than once had been the world's leading yard. Along with his brother Henry, Lithgow in 1908 was appointed a director, and in a few years he was Chairman and the yard was renamed Lithgows Ltd. By the outbreak of the First World War the Lithgow brothers were recognized as good shipbuilders and astute businessmen. In 1914 he joined the Royal Artillery; he rose to the rank of major and served with distinction, but his skills in administration were recognized and he was recalled home to become Director of Merchant Shipbuilding when British shipping losses due to submarine attack became critical. This appointment set a pattern, with public duties becoming predominant and the day-to-day shipyard business being organized by his brother. During the interwar years, Lithgow served on many councils designed to generate work and expand British commercial interests. His public appointments were legion, but none was as controversial as his directorship of National Shipbuilders Security Ltd, formed to purchase and "sterilize" inefficient shipyards that were hindering recovery from the Depression. To this day opinions are divided on this issue, but it is beyond doubt that Lithgow believed in the task in hand and served unstintingly. During the Second World War he was Controller of Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs and was one of the few civilians to be on the Board of Admiralty. On the cessation of hostilities, Lithgow devoted time to research boards and to the expansion of the Lithgow Group, which now included the massive Fairfield Shipyard as well as steel, marine engineering and other companies.Throughout his life Lithgow worked for the Territorial Army, but he was also a devoted member of the Church of Scotland. He gave practical support to the lona Community, no doubt influenced by unbounded love of the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMilitary Cross and mentioned in dispatches during the First World War. Baronet 1925. Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire 1945. Commander of the Order of the Orange-Nassau (the Netherlands). CB 1947. Served as the employers' representative on the League of Nations International Labour Conference in the 1930s. President, British Iron and Steel Cofederation 1943.Further ReadingJ.M.Reid, 1964, James Lithgow, Master of Work, London: Hutchinson.FMW -
120 McNeill, Sir James McFadyen
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 19 August 1892 Clydebank, Scotlandd. 24 July 1964 near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish naval architect, designer of the Cunard North Atlantic Liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth.[br]McNeill was born in Clydebank just outside Glasgow, and was to serve that town for most of his life. After education at Clydebank High School and then at Allan Glen's in Glasgow, in 1908 he entered the shipyard of John Brown \& Co. Ltd as an apprentice. He was encouraged to matriculate at the University of Glasgow, where he studied naval architecture under the (then) unique Glasgow system of "sandwich" training, alternately spending six months in the shipyard, followed by winter at the Faculty of Engineering. On graduating in 1915, he joined the Army and by 1918 had risen to the rank of Major in the Royal Field Artillery.After the First World War, McNeill returned to the shipyard and in 1928 was appointed Chief Naval Architect. In 1934 he was made a local director of the company. During the difficult period of the 1930s he was in charge of the technical work which led to the design, launching and successful completion of the great liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth. Some of the most remarkable ships of the mid-twentieth century were to come from this shipyard, including the last British battleship, HMS Vanguard, and the Royal Yacht Britannia, completed in 1954. From 1948 until 1959, Sir James was Managing Director of the Clydebank part of the company and was Deputy Chairman by the time he retired in 1962. His public service was remarkable and included chairmanship of the Shipbuilding Conference and of the British Ship Research Association, and membership of the Committee of Lloyd's Register of Shipping.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1954. CBE 1950. FRS 1948. President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1947–9. Honorary Vice-President, Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Military Cross (First World War).Bibliography1935, "Launch of the quadruple-screw turbine steamer Queen Mary", Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects 77:1–27 (in this classic paper McNeill displays complete mastery of a difficult subject; it is recorded that prior to launch the estimate for travel of the ship in the River Clyde was 1,194 ft (363.9 m), and the actual amount recorded was 1,196 ft (364.5m)!).FMWBiographical history of technology > McNeill, Sir James McFadyen
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