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21 Saramago, José
(1922-)Recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature, Saramago, a noted novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer, is the first writer in the Portuguese language, of whatever nationality, to be so honored. Saramago began his career as a journalist, editor, and translator, and then became a full-time novelist. Born in the village of Azinhaga, Ribatejo province, Saramago worked as a journalist and directed the literary supplement of the Diário de Lisboa, a daily paper in the capital, as well as being an editor with the Diário de Notícias. Among his other writings from earlier decades is his work as a literary critic for the liberal, progressive journal Seara Nova. His reputation as a writer rests chiefly on the value of his novels, most of them translated now into more than 20 foreign languages and published widely outside Portugal, but he is also a versatile poet, playwright, travel writer, and political commentator. His membership in the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and later his moving from residence in Portugal to the Canary Islands with his Spanish wife elicited ongoing discussions. Among his more famous novels that have been rendered into the English language and widely praised are Baltazar and Blimunda (1987), The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis (1991), and The History of the Siege of Lisbon (1996). -
22 sport
sport [spɔ:t]1 noun(a) (physical exercise) sport m;∎ she does a lot of sport elle fait beaucoup de sport, elle est très sportive;∎ you shouldn't mix sport and politics tu ne devrais pas mélanger sport et politique;∎ minority sports les sports mpl minoritaires;∎ I hated sport or sports at school je détestais le sport ou les sports à l'école;∎ the sport of kings (horse racing) les courses fpl de chevaux∎ to say sth in sport dire qch pour rire ou en plaisantant;∎ it's great sport flying these remote-controlled planes c'est très amusant de faire voler ces avions radio-guidés;∎ to make sport of sb/sth se moquer de qn/qch, tourner qn/qch en ridicule∎ he's a real sport c'est vraiment un chic type;∎ go on, be a sport! allez, sois sympa!∎ to be a (good) sport être beau joueur;∎ they're not very good sports ils sont plutôt mauvais joueurs∎ hallo, old sport! bonjour, mon vieux!∎ to be the sport of fortune/of circumstances être le jouet ou le jeu de la fortune/des circonstances(wear) porter, arborer;∎ he was sporting a tartan jacket/a yellow carnation il portait une veste tartan/arborait un œillet jaune4 sports(athletics meeting) meeting m d'athlétisme; (competition) compétition f sportive;∎ this weekend is the inter-regional sports ce week-end ont lieu les compétitions sportives inter-régionales;∎ the school sports la compétition sportive scolaire(equipment, programme, reporter) sportif; (fan) de sport►► sports bag sac m de sport;sports bar = bar où l'on passe des cassettes vidéo d'événements sportifs, où l'on suit certains matches en direct à la télévision etc;sports bra soutien-gorge m de sport;sports car voiture f de sport;sports centre complexe m ou centre m sportif, Swiss halle f de gymnase;sports club club m de sport;American sports coat veste f sport;sports commentator commentateur(trice) m,f sportif(ive);sports desk service m des sports;sports editor rédacteur m en chef sportif;sports facilities installations fpl sportives;sports ground terrain m de sport ou de jeux;sports hall salle f de sport, gymnase m, Swiss halle f de gymnase;sports jacket, American sport jacket veste f sport;sports page (of newspaper) page f des sports;sports reporter journaliste mf sportif(ive);Television etc sports results résultats mpl sportifs;Cars sports saloon berline f sport;American sports scholarship = bourse pour les élèves qui sont bons en sport;sports science sciences fpl du sport;sports shoe training m;sports shop magasin m de sport -
23 literacki
adj* * *a.literary; język literacki literary language; kierownik literacki art editor; salon literacki reading hall.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > literacki
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24 рецензент издательства
1) General subject: reader (внутренний), taster2) Cinema: literary adviser3) Polygraphy: (внутренний) publisher's reader4) Advertising: acquisition editor, literary advisor5) Makarov: publisher's readerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > рецензент издательства
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25 education
noun(instruction) Erziehung, die; (course of instruction) Ausbildung, die; (system) Erziehungs[- und Ausbildungs]wesen, das; (science) Erziehungswissenschaften Pl.; Pädagogik, dieeducation is free — die Schulausbildung ist kostenlos
* * *noun (instruction and teaching, especially of children and young people in schools, universities etc: His lack of education prevented him from getting a good job.) die Erziehung, die Ausbildung* * *edu·ca·tion[ˌeʤʊˈkeɪʃən]n no plhe received most of his \education at home er wurde größtenteils zu Hause unterrichtetscience \education naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht, Unterricht m in den naturwissenschaftlichen Fächernto have a gap in one's \education eine Bildungslücke habenclassical/literary \education klassische/literarische Bildung* * *["edjU'keISən]nErziehung f; (= studies, training) Ausbildung f; (= knowledge, culture) Bildung fMinistry of Education — Ministerium nt für Erziehung und Unterricht, Kultusministerium nt
lecturer in education — Dozent(in) m(f) für Pädagogik
College of Education — pädagogische Hochschule; (for graduates) Studienseminar nt
(local) education authority — Schulbehörde f
to study education — Pädagogik or Erziehungswissenschaften studieren
if the government neglects education — wenn die Regierung das Erziehungs- und Ausbildungswesen vernachlässigt
education is free —
his education was interrupted — seine Ausbildung wurde unterbrochen
a literary/scientific education — eine literarische/naturwissenschaftliche Bildung
she had little education — sie war ziemlich ungebildet
* * *1. Erziehung f (auch weitS.:4. (Aus)Bildungsgang m5. Pädagogik f, Erziehungswissenschaft f:department of education UNIV pädagogisches Seminar6. Dressur f, Abrichtung f (von Tieren)ed. abk1. edited2. edition3. editor4. education5. educational* * *noun(instruction) Erziehung, die; (course of instruction) Ausbildung, die; (system) Erziehungs[- und Ausbildungs]wesen, das; (science) Erziehungswissenschaften Pl.; Pädagogik, die* * *n.Bildung -en f.Bildungswesen n.Erziehung f.Unterricht m. -
26 sociedad
f.1 society.las hormigas viven en sociedad ants are social creaturesentrar o presentarse en sociedad to come out, to make one's debutalta sociedad high societynotas de sociedad society columnla sociedad civil civilian societysociedad de consumo consumer societyla sociedad de la información the information societyla sociedad del ocio the leisure society2 company (commerce) (empresa).sociedad de cartera portfolio companysociedad colectiva general partnershipsociedad comanditaria o en comandita general and limited partnershipsociedad industrial industrial societysociedad mercantil trading companysociedad (de responsabilidad) limitada private limited company* * *1 (gen) society2 COMERCIO company3 (asociación) society, association\presentarse en sociedad to make one's debutsociedad anónima limited company, US incorporated companysociedad comanditaria limited partnership, US silent partnershipsociedad de consumo consumer societySociedad de Jesús Society of Jesussociedad en comandita limited partnership, US silent partnershipsociedad limitada private limited company, US limited corporationsociedad mercantil company, trading companysociedad protectora de animales society for the prevention of cruelty to animals* * *noun f.1) society2) company•* * *SF1) (Sociol) society2) (=asociación) [gen] society, association; [oficial] bodysociedad de socorros mutuos — friendly society, provident society
3) (Com, Econ) (=empresa) [gen] company; [de socios] partnershipsociedad anónima — limited liability company, corporation (EEUU)
Sociedad Anónima — [en nombres de empresa] Limited, Incorporated (EEUU)
sociedad conjunta — (Com) joint venture
sociedad de beneficencia — friendly society, benefit association (EEUU)
sociedad instrumental, sociedad limitada — limited company, private limited company, corporation (EEUU)
4)alta o buena sociedad — high society
entrar en sociedad, presentarse en (la) sociedad — to come out, make one's debut
notas de sociedad — gossip column, society news column
5)* * *1) (Sociol) society2) (asociación, club) society3) (Der, Fin) company4) ( clase alta) (high) society* * *= membership, society, social fabric.Ex. The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.Ex. Although the distinction between ' societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.Ex. Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.----* constituir como sociedad = incorporate.* crónica de sociedad = gossip column.* cronista de sociedad = gossip columnist.* Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).* de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.* editor de sociedad cultural = learned society publisher.* flor y nata de la sociedad, la = cream of society, the.* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.* la sociedad en general = society at large.* margen de la sociedad = margin of society.* marginado de la sociedad = social outcast.* más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.* parásito de la sociedad = parasite.* persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.* pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.* prescrito por la sociedad = socially prescribed.* promovido por la sociedad = culture-led.* que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.* SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).* sociedad acomodada = affluent society.* sociedad adinerada = affluent society.* Sociedad Americana de Compositores, Autores y Editores = American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).* Sociedad Australiana de Archiveros = Australian Society of Archivists (ASA).* sociedad avanzada = advanced society.* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.* Sociedad Bibliográfica de America = Bibliographical Society of America.* sociedad burocratizada = bureaucratised society.* sociedad capitalista = capitalist society.* sociedad científica = scientific society, scholarly academy, scholarly society.* sociedad científico-cultural = learned society.* sociedad civil = civil society.* sociedad civilizada = civilised society.* sociedad consumista = consumerist society, consumer society, consumer society.* sociedad cultural = learned society.* Sociedad de Archiveros Americanos = Society of American Archivists.* Sociedad de Archiveros Holandeses = Society of Dutch Archivists.* sociedad de beneficiencia = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.* sociedad de consumo = consumer society, affluent society.* sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.* sociedad de inversiones = investment trust.* sociedad de inversión mobiliaria = investment trust.* sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.* sociedad de lectores = book club.* sociedad del ocio = leisure society, leisured society.* sociedad del papel = paper society.* sociedad de seguros mutuos = provident society, mutual benefit society.* sociedad de socorros mutuos = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.* sociedad de tradición escrita = literate society.* sociedad editorial = publishing corporation.* sociedad histórica = historical society.* Sociedad Ilimitada = Unlimited.* sociedad inclusiva = inclusive society.* sociedad industrial = industrial society.* sociedad industrializada = industrialised society.* sociedad informada = learning society.* sociedad integradora = inclusive society.* sociedad intelectual = learned society.* sociedad laica = secular society.* sociedad materialista = materialistic society.* sociedad medieval = mediaeval society.* sociedad mercantilista = mercantile society.* sociedad moderna = modern society.* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.* sociedad pluralista = pluralistic society.* sociedad postindustrial = post-industrial society.* sociedad preindustrial = pre-industrial society.* sociedad privada = private society.* sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.* sociedad religiosa = religious society.* sociedad secreta = secret society, secret brotherhood.* sociedad sin libros = bookless society.* sociedad sin papel, la = paperless society, the.* sociedad tecnológica = technological society.* sociedad trabajadora = working society.* toda la sociedad = society at large.* * *1) (Sociol) society2) (asociación, club) society3) (Der, Fin) company4) ( clase alta) (high) society* * *= membership, society, social fabric.Ex: The sharing of expertise through membership of a club of existing users can be valuable.
Ex: Although the distinction between ' societies' and 'institutions' lies at the heart of the code.Ex: Information services should also be interwoven with the social fabric and firmly rooted in a commuity in order to be acceptable.* constituir como sociedad = incorporate.* crónica de sociedad = gossip column.* cronista de sociedad = gossip columnist.* Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información = World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).* de servicio a la sociedad = public-spirited.* editor de sociedad cultural = learned society publisher.* flor y nata de la sociedad, la = cream of society, the.* integrarse en la sociedad = integrate into + society.* la escoria de la sociedad = the gutter.* la sociedad en general = society at large.* margen de la sociedad = margin of society.* marginado de la sociedad = social outcast.* más granado de la sociedad, lo = cream of society, the.* parásito de la sociedad = parasite.* persona de la alta sociedad = socialite.* pilares de la sociedad, los = pillars of society, the.* prescrito por la sociedad = socially prescribed.* promovido por la sociedad = culture-led.* que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.* SCONUL (Sociedad de Bibliotecas Nacionales y Universitarias) = SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries).* sociedad acomodada = affluent society.* sociedad adinerada = affluent society.* Sociedad Americana de Compositores, Autores y Editores = American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).* Sociedad Australiana de Archiveros = Australian Society of Archivists (ASA).* sociedad avanzada = advanced society.* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.* Sociedad Bibliográfica de America = Bibliographical Society of America.* sociedad burocratizada = bureaucratised society.* sociedad capitalista = capitalist society.* sociedad científica = scientific society, scholarly academy, scholarly society.* sociedad científico-cultural = learned society.* sociedad civil = civil society.* sociedad civilizada = civilised society.* sociedad consumista = consumerist society, consumer society, consumer society.* sociedad cultural = learned society.* Sociedad de Archiveros Americanos = Society of American Archivists.* Sociedad de Archiveros Holandeses = Society of Dutch Archivists.* sociedad de beneficiencia = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.* sociedad de consumo = consumer society, affluent society.* sociedad de gestión de derechos de autor = copyright collective, copyright collecting society, copyright collecting agency.* sociedad de inversiones = investment trust.* sociedad de inversión mobiliaria = investment trust.* sociedad de la información, la = information society, the.* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.* sociedad de lectores = book club.* sociedad del ocio = leisure society, leisured society.* sociedad del papel = paper society.* sociedad de seguros mutuos = provident society, mutual benefit society.* sociedad de socorros mutuos = friendly society, provident society, mutual benefit society.* sociedad de tradición escrita = literate society.* sociedad editorial = publishing corporation.* sociedad histórica = historical society.* Sociedad Ilimitada = Unlimited.* sociedad inclusiva = inclusive society.* sociedad industrial = industrial society.* sociedad industrializada = industrialised society.* sociedad informada = learning society.* sociedad integradora = inclusive society.* sociedad intelectual = learned society.* sociedad laica = secular society.* sociedad materialista = materialistic society.* sociedad medieval = mediaeval society.* sociedad mercantilista = mercantile society.* sociedad moderna = modern society.* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.* sociedad pluralista = pluralistic society.* sociedad postindustrial = post-industrial society.* sociedad preindustrial = pre-industrial society.* sociedad privada = private society.* sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.* sociedad religiosa = religious society.* sociedad secreta = secret society, secret brotherhood.* sociedad sin libros = bookless society.* sociedad sin papel, la = paperless society, the.* sociedad tecnológica = technological society.* sociedad trabajadora = working society.* toda la sociedad = society at large.* * *A ( Sociol) societysociedad pluralista/democrática pluralistic/democratic societyel papel que cabe a la mujer en la sociedad the role of women in societyCompuestos:consumer societyprovident societyB (asociación, club) societyuna sociedad secreta a secret societysociedad deportiva sports clubCompuestos:Society of Jesus( Hist) League of NationsSociety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animalsformar una sociedad to set up o form a companyCompuestos:● sociedad comanditaria or en comanditalimited partnershiplisted company, quoted companyholding companyjoint ownership upon marriagemanagement companyinvestment companysecurities firmstate corporationfinance company o house( Esp) (que promueve) developer, development company; (que construye) construction company; (que administra) real estate ( AmE) o ( BrE) property management companyparent companytrading companyjoint venturesole proprietor, sole trader ( BrE)D (clase alta) society, high societypresentarse en sociedad to come out ( as a debutante)* * *
sociedad sustantivo femenino
1 (Sociol) society;
2 (asociación, club) society
3 (Der, Fin) company;
sociedad de responsabilidad limitada limited corporation ( in US), (private) limited company ( in UK);
sociedad inmobiliaria (Esp) ( que construye) construction company;
( que administra) real estate (AmE) o (BrE) property management company;
4 ( clase alta) (high) society
sociedad sustantivo femenino
1 society
sociedad industrial/medieval, industrial/medieval society
2 Fin company
sociedad anónima, public limited company
sociedad cooperativa, co-operative
sociedad limitada, limited company
2 (asociación) society
3 alta sociedad, (high) society
♦ Locuciones: presentarse en sociedad, to have one's coming out
sociedad civil, civil society
sociedad de consumo, consumer society
' sociedad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agruparse
- alta
- alto
- anónima
- anónimo
- apreciarse
- baile
- clasista
- consumo
- eco
- estratificación
- gratuidad
- limitada
- limitado
- marginar
- protector
- protectora
- reintegrar
- S.A.
- S.L.
- academia
- agrario
- capa
- concientizar
- construir
- corromper
- corrompido
- crónica
- desmoronarse
- ejido
- elitista
- engranaje
- escoria
- espejo
- estamento
- evolución
- evolucionado
- evolucionar
- jai
- justo
- modernizar
- ojo
- posición
- regir
- retrasado
- secretario
- situación
English:
affluent
- association
- cliquey
- club
- consumer society
- corp.
- corporation
- dissolve
- drop out
- dropout
- fabric
- golf club
- HMO
- incorporated
- limited
- Ltd
- member
- monogamous
- partnership
- PLC
- progress
- Rotary Club
- scum
- section
- socialite
- society
- whole
- building
- consumer
- cream
- dregs
- element
- finishing
- fringe
- gossip
- high
- incorporate
- joint
- parent
- reintegrate
- savings
- stock
* * *sociedad nf1. [de seres vivos] society;las hormigas viven en sociedad ants are social creaturesla sociedad civil civil society;sociedad de consumo consumer society;sociedad de la información information society;la sociedad del ocio the leisure society;sociedad plural plural society;sociedad postindustrial post-industrial society2. [mundo elegante] society;alta sociedad high society;notas de sociedad society column3. [asociación] societysociedad deportiva sports club;sociedad gastronómica dining club, gourmet club;la Sociedad de Jesús the Society of Jesus;sociedad literaria literary society;sociedad médica private health care company;Hist la Sociedad de Naciones the League of Nations;4. Com & Fin [empresa] companysociedad anónima Br public (limited) company, US incorporated company;sociedad de cartera holding (company);sociedad colectiva general partnership;sociedad cooperativa cooperative;sociedad industrial industrial society;sociedad de inversión investment company;sociedad de inversión de capital variable ICVC, investment company with variable capital;sociedad de inversión mobiliaria investment trust;sociedad limitada private limited company;sociedad mercantil trading corporation;sociedad mixta joint venture;sociedad de responsabilidad limitada private limited company* * *f society;alta sociedad high society;presentar en sociedad present in society* * *sociedad nf1) : society2) : company, enterprise3)sociedad anónima : incorporated company* * *sociedad n -
27 lettera
f letteralla lettera to the letterlettera assicurata registered letterlettera commerciale business letterlettera di accompagnamento covering letterfinance lettera di cambio bill of exchangelettera espresso (letter sent) express deliverylettera raccomandata recorded delivery letter* * *lettera s.f.1 letter: ho ricevuto una sua lettera la settimana scorsa, I got a letter from him last week; spedire una lettera, to send a letter; lettera raccomandata, assicurata, registered letter; lettera per via aerea, air mail letter; lettera espresso, express letter // lettera anonima, anonymous letter; lettera al direttore, letter to the editor; lettera aperta, open letter // lettera apostolica, Papal encyclical // (comm.): lettera circolare, circular letter; lettera commerciale, business letter; lettera di accettazione, letter of acceptance; lettera di ordinazione, order letter; lettera di fideiussione, letter of guaranty (o surety); lettera di riscontro, acknowledgment; lettera di sollecito, reminder; lettera di sollecito del pagamento di un debito, dunning letter; lettera di avviso, letter of advice, advice note; lettera di conferma, confirmation letter; lettera di presentazione, letter of introduction; lettera di richiesta di informazioni, letter of inquiry; lettera di pegno, letter of lien (o lien letter); lettera di vettura, waybill (o consignment note); lettera di accompagnamento, covering letter; lettera di offerta, letter of offer; lettera prestampata, form letter // ( banca): lettera di credito, letter of credit; lettera circolare di credito, circular note; lettera di accreditamento, credit note; lettera di addebitamento, debit note // (amm.): lettera di assunzione, letter of appointment; lettera di raccomandazione, letter of recommendation, testimonial; lettera di domanda di assunzione, letter of application; diramare lettere circolari, to send round circular letters (o to circularize) // (assicurazioni): lettera di garanzia, di indennizzo, letter of indemnity; lettera di copertura, cover note2 (dell'alfabeto) letter: lettera maiuscola, minuscola, (block) capital, small letter: scrivi il tuo nome e cognome a lettere maiuscole, write your name and surname in (block) capitals; scrivere un numero in lettere, to write a number in words // giorno da scrivere a lettere d'oro, (fig.) red-letter day // impresso a lettere di fuoco, engraved (on sthg.)3 (senso letterale) letter // alla lettera, literally (o to the letter): tradurre alla lettera, to translate literally (o word for word) // attenersi alla lettera della legge, to keep to the letter of the law // rimanere lettera morta, to remain a dead letter4 ( Borsa): lettera di offerta, offer; prezzo, cambio, corso lettera, ask price; fare lettera, to fix the selling price5 pl. letters, Arts: lettere e filosofia, the humanities; dottore in lettere, Bachelor of Arts (abbr. BA); uomo di lettere, man of letters6 (lett.) Epistle; epistles: le Lettere di San Paolo ai Corinzi, St Paul's Epistles to the Corinthians.* * *['lɛttera]1. sf(dell'alfabeto) letterscrivere qc con lettere maiuscole/minuscole — to write sth in capitals o capital letters/in small letters
eseguire qc alla lettera — (legge, ordine) to carry out sth to the letter
restar lettera morta — (consiglio, invito) to go unheeded
diventar lettera morta — (legge) to become a dead letter
2.* * *['lɛttera, 'lettera] 1.sostantivo femminile1) (segno grafico) letterlettera minuscola — small letter; tip. lower-case letter
lettera maiuscola — capital o big letter; tip. upper-case letter
scritto a chiare -e — fig. written in black and white
2) (messaggio scritto) letterlettera commerciale o d'affari business letter; per lettera — by letter
3) alla lettera [applicare, eseguire] to the letter; [tradurre, interpretare] literally; [ descrivere] word-for-word2.sostantivo femminile plurale lettere1) univ. (materie letterarie) arts2) (cultura letteraria) lettersuomo di -e — man of letters, literary man
•lettera aperta — open letter (a to)
••* * *lettera/'lεttera, 'lettera/I sostantivo f.1 (segno grafico) letter; lettera minuscola small letter; tip. lower-case letter; lettera maiuscola capital o big letter; tip. upper-case letter; parola di tre -e three-letter word; scrivere la somma in -e to write the sum in full; scritto a chiare -e fig. written in black and white2 (messaggio scritto) letter; lettera d'amore love letter; lettera commerciale o d'affari business letter; per lettera by letter3 alla lettera [applicare, eseguire] to the letter; [tradurre, interpretare] literally; [ descrivere] word-for-wordII lettere f.pl.1 univ. (materie letterarie) arts2 (cultura letteraria) letters; uomo di -e man of letters, literary mandiventare lettera morta to become a dead letter\lettera d'addio goodbye letter; lettera aperta open letter (a to); lettera di credito letter of credit; lettera di licenziamento notice of dismissal; - e classiche classical studies; - e credenziali letters of credence; - e moderne arts. -
28 giornale
m (news)paper( rivista) magazine( registro) journalgiornale radio news (bulletin)giornale scandalistico testata tabloidstampa in genere gutter press* * *giornale s.m.1 newspaper, paper; (estens.) ( pubblicazione periodica) journal, magazine, periodical: giornale del mattino, della sera, morning, evening paper; giornale settimanale, weekly; giornale di moda, fashion magazine; giornale illustrato, illustrated (o picture) magazine; giornale letterario, scientifico, literary, scientific journal; giornale commerciale, trade paper; giornale di settore, trade journal; giornale di partito, indipendente, party, independent newspaper; giornale di piccolo formato, tabloid; carta da giornale, newsprint; ritaglio di giornale, newspaper (o press) cutting; abbonarsi a un giornale, to subscribe to a newspaper; essere abbonato a un giornale, to be a subscriber to a newspaper; leggere una notizia sul giornale, to read about sthg. in the newspaper; apprendere qlco. dai giornali, to pick up sthg. from the newspapers; scrive da anni sul giornale locale, he's been writing for the local paper for years; pubblicare un annuncio sul giornale, to place an advertisement in the newspaper; fondare un giornale, to start (o to launch) a newspaper // i giornali, ( la stampa) the press; i giornali hanno gonfiato la notizia, the press blew up the story // giornale murale, wall newspaper2 (estens.) ( sede di un giornale) newspaper office: il direttore non è al giornale, the editor isn't in the office3 (amm.) ( registro) journal: giornale generale, general journal; giornale delle vendite, sales journal (o book); giornale di cassa, cash book (o journal); giornale per partita semplice, doppia, single, double entry journal; registrazione a giornale, journal entry; mettere a giornale, registrare nel giornale, to journalize; tenere un giornale, to keep a journal // libro giornale, day-book (o journal)4 ( diario) diary, record: tenere un giornale, to keep a diary (o a journal) // giornale di classe, class register5 (mar.) log (book), ship's journal; (aer.) air log: compilare il giornale di bordo, to write up the log* * *[dʒor'nale]giornale radio — (radio) news, news bulletin BE, news cast AE
* * *giornale/dʒor'nale/sostantivo m.(quotidiano) newspaper, paper colloq.; (rivista) magazine; giornale della sera evening paper; articolo di giornale newspaper article; scrivere su un giornale to write for a newspaper; i -i hanno gonfiato la notizia the press blew up the story\giornale di bordo log (book); giornale illustrato illustrated magazine; giornale di moda fashion magazine; giornale radio (radio) news, news bulletin BE, news cast AE; giornale sportivo sports newspaper. -
29 reader
noun1) Leser, der/Leserin, diebe a slow/good/great reader [of something] — [etwas] langsam/gut/gern lesen
2) (who reads aloud) Vorlesende, der/die* * *2) (a person who reads a particular newspaper, magazine etc: The editor asked readers to write to him with their opinions.) der/die Leser(in)3) (a reading-book, especially for children or for learners of a foreign language: a Latin reader.) das Lesebuch* * *read·er[ˈri:dəʳ, AM -ɚ]nto be an avid \reader of sth etw leidenschaftlich gern lesen4. PUBLpublisher's \reader [Verlags]lektor(in) m(f)he is a \reader in history at Liverpool er ist Dozent für Geschichte in Liverpoolmicrofilm/microfiche \reader Mikrofilm-/Mikrofichelesegerät nt* * *['riːdə(r)]npublisher's reader — Lektor(in) m(f)
3) (= schoolbook) Lesebuch nt; (to teach reading) Fibel f; (= foreign language text) Text m, Lektüre f; (= anthology) Sammelband ma reader in the Classics "first French reader" — eine Klassikersammlung "Französisches Lesebuch für Anfänger"
* * *reader [ˈriːdə(r)] s1. Leser(in):readers’ letters Leserbriefe4. TYPO Korrektor m, Korrektorin fin für)6. UNIV US Korrekturgehilfe m, -gehilfin f7. US Auswerter(in) (von Fachzeitschriften etc)8. (Strom- etc) Ableser(in)9. COMPUT Lesegerät n, Leser m10. a) SCHULE Lesebuch nb) Anthologie f:a G. B. Shaw reader* * *noun1) Leser, der/Leserin, diebe a slow/good/great reader [of something] — [etwas] langsam/gut/gern lesen
2) (who reads aloud) Vorlesende, der/die* * *(literary agent) n.Dozent -en m. n.Lesebuch -¨er n. -
30 use
1.[ju:s] noun1) Gebrauch, der; (of dictionary, calculator, room) Benutzung, die; (of word, expression; of pesticide, garlic, herb, spice) Verwendung, die; (of name, title) Führung, die; (of alcohol, drugs) Konsum, derthe use of brutal means/methods — die Anwendung brutaler Mittel/Methoden
the use of troops/teargas/violence — der Einsatz von Truppen/Tränengas/die Gewaltanwendung
constant/rough use — dauernder Gebrauch/schlechte Behandlung
[not] be in use — [nicht] in Gebrauch sein
be no longer in use — nicht mehr verwendet werden
be in daily etc. use — täglich usw. in Gebrauch od. Benutzung sein
go/fall out of use — außer Gebrauch kommen
instructions/directions for use — Gebrauchsanweisung, die
ready for [immediate] use — [sofort] gebrauchsfertig
batteries for use in or with watches — Batterien [speziell] für Armbanduhren
a course for use in schools — ein Kurs für die Schule od. zur Verwendung im Schulunterricht
for personal/private use — für den persönlichen Gebrauch/den Privatgebrauch
for external use only — nur zur äußerlichen Anwendung
for use in an emergency/only in case of fire — für den Notfall/nur bei Feuer zu benutzen
with careful etc. use — bei sorgsamer usw. Behandlung
make use of somebody/something — jemanden/etwas gebrauchen/(exploit) ausnutzen
make the best use of something/it — das Beste aus etwas/daraus machen
make good use of, turn or put to good use — gut nutzen [Zeit, Talent, Geld]
2) (utility, usefulness) Nutzen, derthese tools/clothes will be of use to somebody — dieses Werkzeug wird/diese Kleider werden für jemanden von Nutzen sein
is it of [any] use? — ist das [irgendwie] zu gebrauchen od. von Nutzen?
can I be of any use to you? — kann ich dir irgendwie helfen?
be [of] no use [to somebody] — [jemandem] nichts nützen
he is [of] no use in a crisis/as a manager — er ist in einer Krise/als Manager zu nichts nütze od. (ugs.) nicht zu gebrauchen
it's no use [doing that] — es hat keinen Zweck od. Sinn[, das zu tun]
you're/that's a fat lot of use — (coll. iron.) du bist ja eine schöne Hilfe/davon haben wir aber was (ugs. iron.)
what's the use of that/of doing that? — was nützt das/was nützt es, das zu tun?
oh well, what's the use! — ach, was soll's schon! (ugs.)
have its/one's uses — seinen Nutzen haben
have/find a use for something/somebody — für etwas/jemanden Verwendung haben/finden
have no/not much use for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden nicht/kaum brauchen
put something to a good/a new use — etwas sinnvoll/auf neu[artig]e Weise verwenden
4) (right or power of using)[have the] use of kitchen and bathroom — Küchen- und Badbenutzung [haben]
2.let somebody have or give somebody the use of something — jemanden etwas benutzen lassen
[ju:z] transitive verb1) benutzen; nutzen [Gelegenheit]; anwenden [Gewalt]; einsetzen [Tränengas, Wasserwerfer]; in Anspruch nehmen [Firma, Agentur, Agenten, Dienstleistung]; nutzen [Zeit, Gelegenheit, Talent, Erfahrung]; führen [Namen, Titel]do you know how to use this tool? — kannst du mit diesem Werkzeug umgehen?
anything you say may be used in evidence — was Sie sagen, kann vor Gericht verwendet werden
use somebody's name [as a reference] — sich [als Empfehlung] auf jemanden berufen
I could use the money/a drink — (coll.) ich könnte das Geld brauchen/einen Drink vertragen (ugs.)
use one's time to do something — seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etwas zu tun
2) (consume as material) verwendenuse gas/oil for heating — mit Gas/Öl heizen
the camera uses 35 mm film — für die Kamera braucht man einen 35-mm-Film
‘use sparingly’ — "sparsam verwenden!"
3) (take habitually)use drugs/heroin — etc. Drogen/Heroin usw. nehmen
4) (employ in speaking or writing) benutzen; gebrauchen; verwendenuse diplomacy/tact [in one's dealings etc. with somebody] — [bei jemandem] diplomatisch vorgehen/[zu jemandem] taktvoll sein
use a method/tactics — eine Methode anwenden/nach einer [bestimmten] Taktik vorgehen
6) (take advantage of)7) (treat) behandelnuse somebody/something well/badly — jemanden/etwas gut/schlecht behandeln
8)I used to live in London/work in a factory — früher habe ich in London gelebt/in einer Fabrik gearbeitet
he used to be very shy — er war früher sehr schüchtern
my mother always used to say... — meine Mutter hat immer gesagt od. pflegte zu sagen...
this used to be my room — das war [früher] mein Zimmer
things aren't what they used to be — es ist nichts mehr so wie früher
I used not or I did not use — or (coll.)
I didn't use or (coll.) I use[d]n't to smoke — früher habe ich nicht geraucht
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/93389/use_up">use up* * *I [ju:z] verb1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) benutzen2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) verbrauchen•- usable- used
- user
- user-friendly
- user guide
- be used to something
- be used to
- used to II [ju:s]1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) der Gebrauch2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) die Verwendbarkeit3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) der Nutzen4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) die Fähigkeit(etwas)zu gebrauchen5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) das Benutzungsrecht•- useful- usefulness
- usefully
- useless
- be in use
- out of use
- come in useful
- have no use for
- it's no use
- make good use of
- make use of
- put to good use
- put to use* * *I. vt[ju:z]1. (make use of, utilize)▪ to \use sth etw benutzen; building, one's skills, training, talent etw nutzen; method etw anwendenthis glass has been \used dieses Glas ist schon benutztI could \use some help ich könnte etwas Hilfe gebrauchenI could \use a drink now ich könnte jetzt einen Drink vertragen famthis table could \use a wipe diesen Tisch könnte man auch mal wieder abwischenthese lights are \used for illuminating the playing area mit diesen Lichtern wird die Spielfläche beleuchtetwhat perfume do you \use? welches Parfüm nimmst du?what shampoo do you \use? welches Shampoo benutzt du?I've got to \use the toilet ich muss auf die Toiletteto \use alcohol Alkohol trinkento \use one's brains seinen Verstand benutzento \use a chance eine Gelegenheit nutzento \use a dictionary ein Wörterbuch verwendento \use drugs Drogen nehmento \use military force against sb Militärgewalt gegen jdn einsetzento \use an idea eine Idee verwendento \use logic logisch denkento \use one's money to do sth sein Geld dazu verwenden, etw zu tunshe \uses the name Mary Punk sie nennt sich Mary Punkto \use poison gas/truncheons/chemical warfare Giftgas/Schlagstöcke/chemische Waffen einsetzento \use a pseudonym ein Pseudonym benutzento \use service eine Dienstleistung in Anspruch nehmento \use swear words fluchento \use one's time to do sth seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etw zu tunyou should \use your free time more constructively du solltest deine freie Zeit sinnvoller nutzen!to \use violence Gewalt anwenden▪ to \use sth to do sth etw benutzen [o verwenden], um etw zu tun\use scissors to cut the shapes out schneiden Sie die Formen mit einer Schere ausyou can \use this brush to apply the paint du kannst die Farbe mit diesem Pinsel auftragen2. (employ)▪ to \use sth:\use your imagination! lass doch mal deine Fantasie spielen!to \use common sense seinen gesunden Menschenverstand benutzento \use discretion/tact diskret/taktvoll sein3. (get through, consume)▪ to \use sth etw verbrauchenwe've \used nearly all the bread wir haben fast kein Brot mehrwhat do you \use for heating? womit heizen Sie?there's no more paper after this is \used wenn wir dieses Papier aufgebraucht haben, ist keines mehr dathis radio \uses 1.5 volt batteries für dieses Radio braucht man 1,5 Volt Batteriento \use energy Energie verbrauchen▪ to \use sb/sth jdn/etw ausnutzento \use sb badly/well jdn schlecht/gut behandelnhe's \used her despicably er hat ihr übel mitgespieltII. n[ju:s]1. (application, employment) Verwendung f ( for für + akk); of dictionary also Benutzung f; of labour Einsatz m; of leftovers Verwertung f; of talent, experience Nutzung mdon't throw that away, you'll find a \use for it one day wirf das nicht weg — eines Tages wirst du es schon noch irgendwie verwenden könnena food processor has a variety of \uses in the kitchen eine Küchenmaschine kann man auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise in der Küche einsetzenthey've called for further restrictions on the \use of leaded petrol sie forderten weitere Einschränkungen für die Verwendung von verbleitem Benzinshe lost the \use of her fingers in the accident seit dem Unfall kann sie ihre Finger nicht mehr benutzenthe \use of alcohol/drugs der Alkohol-/Drogenkonsumby the \use of deception durch Täuschungdirections for \use Gebrauchsanweisung ffor \use in an emergency für den Notfallfor \use in case of fire bei Feuerthe \use of force/a particular method die Anwendung von Gewalt/einer bestimmten Methodethe correct \use of language der korrekte Sprachgebrauchthe \use of poison gas/truncheons/chemical warfare der Einsatz von Tränengas/Schlagstöcken/chemischen Waffento be in daily \use täglich verwendet werdenfor external \use only nur zur äußerlichen Anwendungto be no longer in \use nicht mehr benutzt werdenready for \use gebrauchsfertig; machine einsatzbereitfor private \use only nur für den Privatgebrauchto come into \use in Gebrauch kommento find a \use for sth für etw akk Verwendung findento have no [further] \use for sth keine Verwendung [mehr] für etw akk habendo you have any \use for these old notes? kannst du diese alten Unterlagen irgendwie verwenden?to make \use of sth etw benutzen [o ÖSTERR a. benützen]; experience, talent etw nutzen; leftovers etw verwenden; connections von etw dat Gebrauch machencan you make \use of that? kannst du das gebrauchen?to put sth to \use etw verwendento be able to put sth to good \use etw gut verwenden könnento be able to put one's experience to good \use seine Erfahrung gut einbringen könnenin/out of \use in/außer Gebrauchbuilding a dam would be a \use of financial resources which this country cannot afford für einen Dammbau würde dieses Land Gelder verwenden müssen, die es nicht aufbringen kanncan I be of any \use? kann ich vielleicht irgendwie behilflich sein?what's the \use of shouting? was bringt es denn herumzuschreien?there's no \use complaining Herumjammern bringt auch nichts famwhat \use is praying? wozu soll das Beten nutzen?it has its \uses das kann auch nützlich seinhe's no \use as an editor als Redakteur ist er nicht zu gebrauchenthat's a fat lot of \use da haben wir ja auch was von! iron famto be no \use keine Hilfe seinto be no/not much \use to sb jdm nichts/nicht viel nützen▪ to be of \use to sb für jdn von Nutzen [o nützlich] seinis this of any \use to you? kannst du das vielleicht gebrauchen?▪ it's no \use [doing sth] es hat keinen Zweck[, etw zu tun]it's no \use — I just can't stand the man es hilft alles nichts — ich kann den Mann einfach nicht ausstehen!it's no \use trying to escape — no one has ever got away before wir brauchen erst gar nicht versuchen auszubrechen — das hat bisher noch keiner geschafft!4. (right)to give sb [or let sb have] the \use of sth jdn etw benutzen [o ÖSTERR a. benützen] lassen6. (out of order)the escalator is out of \use der Aufzug ist außer Betrieb* * *I [juːz]1. vt1) (= utilize) benutzen; dictionary, means, tools, object, materials verwenden, benutzen; sb's suggestion, idea verwenden; word, literary style gebrauchen, verwenden, benutzen; swear words gebrauchen, benutzen; brains, intelligence gebrauchen; method, system, technique, therapy, force, trickery anwenden; one's abilities, powers of persuasion, one's strength aufwenden, anwenden; tact, care walten lassen; drugs einnehmenuse only in emergencies — nur im Notfall gebrauchen or benutzen
I have to use the toilet before I go —
to use sth for sth —
he used it as a spoon the police used truncheons — er hat es als Löffel benutzt or verwendet die Polizei setzte Schlagstöcke ein, die Polizei benutzte or gebrauchte Schlagstöcke
the money is to be used to set up a trust —
what sort of fuel do you use? — welchen Treibstoff verwenden Sie?, mit welchem Treibstoff fahren Sie?
why don't you use a hammer? — warum nehmen Sie nicht einen Hammer dazu?, warum benutzen or verwenden Sie nicht einen Hammer dazu?
to use sb's name — jds Namen verwenden or benutzen; (as reference) jds Namen angeben, sich auf jdn berufen
2) (= make use of, exploit) information, one's training, talents, resources, chances, opportunity (aus)nutzen, (aus)nützen (S Ger); advantage nutzen; waste products nutzen, verwertenyou can use the leftovers to make a soup —
you should use your free time for something creative — Sie sollten Ihre Freizeit für etwas Schöpferisches nutzen or gebrauchen
3) (inf)have you used all the ink? — haben Sie die Tinte aufgebraucht (inf) or die ganze Tinte verbraucht?
how has the world been using you? (not obs, liter) — wie gehts, wie stehts?
6) (pej: exploit) ausnutzenI feel ( I've just been) used — ich habe das Gefühl, man hat mich ausgenutzt; (sexually) ich komme mir missbraucht vor
2. n[juːs]1) (= employment) Verwendung f; (of materials, tools, means, dictionary) Benutzung f, Verwendung f; (= operation of machines etc) Benutzung f; (= working with of dictionary, calculator etc) Gebrauch m; (of word, style) Gebrauch m, Verwendung f; (of swearwords, arms, intelligence) Gebrauch m; (of method, system, technique, force, powers of persuasion) Anwendung f; (of personnel, truncheons etc) Verwendung f, Einsatz m; (of drugs) Einnahme fonce you've mastered the use of the clutch — wenn Sie erst einmal den Gebrauch der Kupplung beherrschen
the use of a calculator to solve... — die Verwendung eines Rechners, um... zu lösen
for external use —
ready for use — gebrauchsfertig; machine einsatzbereit
to make use of sth — von etw Gebrauch machen, etw benutzen
in use/out of use — in or im/außer Gebrauch; machines also in/außer Betrieb
to be in daily use/no longer in use — täglich/nicht mehr benutzt or verwendet or gebraucht werden
to make good/bad use of sth — etw gut/schlecht nutzen
3) (= way of using) Verwendung fto learn the use of sth — lernen, wie etw verwendet or benutzt or gebraucht wird
to have no use for (lit, fig) — nicht gebrauchen können, keine Verwendung haben für
to have no further use for sb/sth — keine Verwendung mehr haben für jdn/etw, jdn/etw nicht mehr brauchen
4) (= usefulness) Nutzen mthis is no use any more — das taugt nichts mehr, das ist zu nichts mehr zu gebrauchen
is this (of) any use to you? — können Sie das brauchen?, können Sie damit was anfangen?
he/it has his/its uses — er/das ist ganz nützlich
you're no use to me if you can't spell — du nützt mir nichts, wenn du keine Rechtschreibung kannst
he's no use as a goalkeeper — er taugt nicht als Torhüter, er ist als Torhüter nicht zu gebrauchen
a (fat) lot of use that will be to you! (iro inf) — da hast du aber was davon
this is no use, we must start work — so hat das keinen Zweck or Sinn, wir müssen etwas tun
it's no use you or your protesting — es hat keinen Sinn or es nützt nichts, wenn du protestierst
what's the use of telling him? — was nützt es, wenn man es ihm sagt?
what's the use in trying/going? — wozu überhaupt versuchen/gehen?
ah, what's the use! — ach, was solls!
5) (= right) Nutznießung f (JUR)to give sb the use of sth — jdn etw benutzen lassen; of car also, of money jdm etw zur Verfügung stellen
to have the full use of one's faculties — im Vollbesitz seiner (geistigen und körperlichen) Kräfte sein
6) (= custom) Brauch m, Usus m (geh)II [juːs]vb auxSee:→ used* * *use [juːz]A v/t1. gebrauchen, benutzen, an-, verwenden, sich (gen) bedienen, Gebrauch machen von, eine Gelegenheit etc nutzen oder sich zunutze machen:use one’s brains den Verstand gebrauchen, seinen Kopf anstrengen;use care Sorgfalt verwenden;use force Gewalt anwenden;use one’s legs zu Fuß gehen;may I use your name? darf ich mich auf Sie berufen?;use a right von einem Recht Gebrauch machen;anything you say may be used against you JUR alles, was Sie sagen, kann gegen Sie verwendet werden2. ein Gerät etc handhaben3. verwenden (on auf akk)4. use upa) auf-, verbrauchen, jemandes Kraft erschöpfen,b) umg jemanden fertigmachen, erschöpfen: → used1 25. a) besonders US gewohnheitsmäßig zu sich nehmen:use drugs Drogen nehmen;use tobacco rauchenb) brauchen:6. behandeln, verfahren mit:use sb ill jemanden schlecht behandeln;how has the world used you? umg wie ist es dir ergangen?7. pej jemanden benutzen, auch eine Situation etc ausnutzen8. Zeit verbringenit used to be said that … man pflegte zu sagen, dass …;he does not come as often as he used to er kommt nicht mehr so oft wie früher oder sonst;he used to be a polite man er war früher oder sonst (immer) sehr höflich;he used to live here er wohnte früher hier;she used to astonish me with … sie überraschte mich immer wieder mit …;I used to smoke ich hab früher oder einmal geraucht;did you really use to smoke? hast du früher wirklich geraucht?C s [juːs]1. Gebrauch m, Benutzung f, An-, Verwendung f:for use zum Gebrauch;for use in schools für den Schulgebrauch;in use in Gebrauch, gebräuchlich;be in daily use täglich gebraucht werden;be in common use allgemein gebräuchlich sein;come into use in Gebrauch kommen;out of use nicht in Gebrauch, nicht mehr gebräuchlich;with use durch (ständigen) Gebrauch;make use of Gebrauch machen von, benutzen;make use of sb’s name sich auf jemanden berufen;make (a) bad use of (einen) schlechten Gebrauch machen von;make full use of sth etwas voll ausnützen;2. a) Verwendung(szweck) f(m)b) Brauchbarkeit f, Verwendbarkeit fc) Zweck m, Sinn m, Nutzen m, Nützlichkeit f:of no use nutz-, zwecklos, unbrauchbar, unnütz;is this of use to you? können Sie das (ge)brauchen?;crying is no use Weinen führt zu nichts;it is no ( oder it isn’t any) use talking es ist nutz- oder zwecklos zu reden, es hat keinen Zweck zu reden;what is the use of it? was hat das (überhaupt) für einen Zweck?;a) nicht brauchen können,b) mit etwas od jemandem nichts anfangen können,c) bes US umg nichts übrighaben für jemanden od etwas;put to (good) use (gut) an- oder verwenden;this tool has different uses dieses Gerät kann für verschiedene Zwecke verwendet werden; → further B 13. Kraft f oder Fähigkeit f (etwas) zu gebrauchen, Gebrauch m:he lost the use of his right eye er kann auf dem rechten Auge nichts mehr sehen;have the use of one’s limbs sich bewegen können4. Benutzungsrecht n:have the use of sth etwas benutzen können oder dürfen5. Gewohnheit f, Brauch m:once a use and ever a custom (Sprichwort) jung gewohnt, alt getan6. JURa) Nießbrauch m, Nutznießung fb) Nutzen m* * *1.[ju:s] noun1) Gebrauch, der; (of dictionary, calculator, room) Benutzung, die; (of word, expression; of pesticide, garlic, herb, spice) Verwendung, die; (of name, title) Führung, die; (of alcohol, drugs) Konsum, derthe use of brutal means/methods — die Anwendung brutaler Mittel/Methoden
the use of troops/teargas/violence — der Einsatz von Truppen/Tränengas/die Gewaltanwendung
constant/rough use — dauernder Gebrauch/schlechte Behandlung
[not] be in use — [nicht] in Gebrauch sein
be in daily etc. use — täglich usw. in Gebrauch od. Benutzung sein
go/fall out of use — außer Gebrauch kommen
instructions/directions for use — Gebrauchsanweisung, die
ready for [immediate] use — [sofort] gebrauchsfertig
batteries for use in or with watches — Batterien [speziell] für Armbanduhren
a course for use in schools — ein Kurs für die Schule od. zur Verwendung im Schulunterricht
for personal/private use — für den persönlichen Gebrauch/den Privatgebrauch
for use in an emergency/only in case of fire — für den Notfall/nur bei Feuer zu benutzen
with careful etc. use — bei sorgsamer usw. Behandlung
make use of somebody/something — jemanden/etwas gebrauchen/ (exploit) ausnutzen
make the best use of something/it — das Beste aus etwas/daraus machen
make good use of, turn or put to good use — gut nutzen [Zeit, Talent, Geld]
2) (utility, usefulness) Nutzen, derthese tools/clothes will be of use to somebody — dieses Werkzeug wird/diese Kleider werden für jemanden von Nutzen sein
is it of [any] use? — ist das [irgendwie] zu gebrauchen od. von Nutzen?
be [of] no use [to somebody] — [jemandem] nichts nützen
he is [of] no use in a crisis/as a manager — er ist in einer Krise/als Manager zu nichts nütze od. (ugs.) nicht zu gebrauchen
it's no use [doing that] — es hat keinen Zweck od. Sinn[, das zu tun]
you're/that's a fat lot of use — (coll. iron.) du bist ja eine schöne Hilfe/davon haben wir aber was (ugs. iron.)
what's the use of that/of doing that? — was nützt das/was nützt es, das zu tun?
oh well, what's the use! — ach, was soll's schon! (ugs.)
have its/one's uses — seinen Nutzen haben
have/find a use for something/somebody — für etwas/jemanden Verwendung haben/finden
have no/not much use for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden nicht/kaum brauchen
put something to a good/a new use — etwas sinnvoll/auf neu[artig]e Weise verwenden
[have the] use of kitchen and bathroom — Küchen- und Badbenutzung [haben]
2.let somebody have or give somebody the use of something — jemanden etwas benutzen lassen
[ju:z] transitive verb1) benutzen; nutzen [Gelegenheit]; anwenden [Gewalt]; einsetzen [Tränengas, Wasserwerfer]; in Anspruch nehmen [Firma, Agentur, Agenten, Dienstleistung]; nutzen [Zeit, Gelegenheit, Talent, Erfahrung]; führen [Namen, Titel]anything you say may be used in evidence — was Sie sagen, kann vor Gericht verwendet werden
use somebody's name [as a reference] — sich [als Empfehlung] auf jemanden berufen
I could use the money/a drink — (coll.) ich könnte das Geld brauchen/einen Drink vertragen (ugs.)
use one's time to do something — seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etwas zu tun
2) (consume as material) verwendenuse gas/oil for heating — mit Gas/Öl heizen
‘use sparingly’ — "sparsam verwenden!"
use drugs/heroin — etc. Drogen/Heroin usw. nehmen
4) (employ in speaking or writing) benutzen; gebrauchen; verwenden5) (exercise, apply) Gebrauch machen von [Autorität, Einfluss, Können, Menschenverstand]use diplomacy/tact [in one's dealings etc. with somebody] — [bei jemandem] diplomatisch vorgehen/[zu jemandem] taktvoll sein
use a method/tactics — eine Methode anwenden/nach einer [bestimmten] Taktik vorgehen
7) (treat) behandelnuse somebody/something well/badly — jemanden/etwas gut/schlecht behandeln
8)used to — (formerly)
I used to live in London/work in a factory — früher habe ich in London gelebt/in einer Fabrik gearbeitet
my mother always used to say... — meine Mutter hat immer gesagt od. pflegte zu sagen...
this used to be my room — das war [früher] mein Zimmer
I used not or I did not use — or (coll.)
I didn't use or (coll.) I use[d]n't to smoke — früher habe ich nicht geraucht
Phrasal Verbs:- use up* * *v.anwenden v.ausführen v.belegen v.benutzen v.gebrauchen v.nutzen v.verwenden v.wahrnehmen (Vorteil, Gelegenheit) v. n.Anwendung f.Benutzung f.Gebrauch -¨e m.Inanspruchnahme f.Nutzung -en f.Verwendung f.Verwendungszweck m. -
31 Bibliografia
ALMEIDA FILHO, José Carlos; SCHMITZ, John Robert. Glossário de lingüística aplicada. Campinas: Pontes, 1998. 277 p.CAMARA JR., J. Mattoso. Dicionário de lingüística e gramática. 23. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2002. 262 p.CAMARA JR., J. Mattoso. Princípios de lingüística geral. 7. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Padrão Livraria, 1989. 333 p.CRYSTAL, David. Dicionário de lingüística e fonética. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Editor, 1985. 275 p.CRYSTAL, David. The Penguin dictionary of language. 2. ed. Suffolk: Penguin Books, 1999. 390 p.DUBOIS, Jean et al. Dicionário de lingüística. São Paulo: Cultrix, 1973. 653 p.HENKEL, Jacqueline M. The language of criticism: Linguistic models and literary theory. New York: Cornell University Press, 1996. 212 p.INSTITUTO ANTÔNIO HOUAISS. Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2001. 2922 p.KEHDI, Valter. Formação das palavras em português. São Paulo: Ática, 2001. 69 p.SAUSSURE, F. Curso de lingüística geral. São Paulo: Cultrix. 279 p. -
32 strike a blow for smb.
(strike a blow for smb. (или smth.))выступать в защиту кого-л. (или чего-л.)The editor's aim was to strike a blow for young and eager poets... who felt that their own art was treated as of too little account. (F. Swinnerton, ‘The Georgian Literary Scene’, ch. X) — Редактор хотел защитить молодых, ищущих поэтов... чье искусство, как им кажется, не ценится критикой высоко.
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33 Generation of 1870
A generation of Portuguese writers and intellectuals and a postregeneration phase of the country's intellectual history in the last third of the 19th century. Many of them graduates of Coimbra University, these writers, whose work challenged conventional wisdom of their day, included J. Oliveira Martins, economist and social scientist; Eça de Queirós, novelist; Antero de Quental, poet; Ramalho Ortigão, editor and essayist; Teófilo Braga, literary historian; and the geographer and diplomat abroad, Jaime Batalha Reis. Coming of political age at the time of the Franco-Prussian War, the French Commune, and the French Third Republic (1870-71), these Portuguese intellectuals believed that economically weak Portugal had a polity and society in the grip of a pervasive decadence and inertia. They called for reform and renewal.Critical of romanticism, they were realists and neorealists and espoused the ideas of Karl Marx, Pierre Proudhon, and Auguste Comte. They called for revolution through the establishment of republicanism and socialism, and they were convinced that Portugal's backwardness and poverty were due primarily to the ancient influences of a weakened monarchy and the Catholic Church. This group of like-minded but also distinctive thinkers had an important impact on Portuguese letters and elite culture, but only a minor effect on contemporary politics and government.Like so many other movements in modern Portugal, the Generation of 1870's initiatives began as essentially a protest by university students of Coimbra, who confronted the status quo and sought to change their world by means of change and innovation in action and ideas. In certain respects, Portugal's Generation of 1870 resembled neighboring Spain's Generation of 1898, which began its "rebellion" in ideas following a disastrous foreign war (the Spanish-American War, 1898). -
34 night
night [naɪt]1 noun∎ ten o'clock at night dix heures du soir;∎ all night (long) toute la nuit;∎ by night de nuit;∎ during or in the night pendant la nuit;∎ far or late into the night jusqu'à une heure avancée de la nuit;∎ it's weeks since we had a night out ça fait des semaines que nous ne sommes pas sortis le soir;∎ to work day and night or night and day travailler nuit et jour;∎ to have a night off avoir une soirée libre;∎ it's the au pair's night off c'est la soirée libre de la jeune fille au pair;∎ to have a late night se coucher tard;∎ too many late nights can be bad for you se coucher tard trop souvent peut nuire à la santé;∎ this has been going on night after night cela s'est prolongé des nuits durant;∎ what you need is a good night's sleep ce qu'il vous faut, c'est une bonne nuit de sommeil ou de repos;∎ I had a bad night j'ai passé une mauvaise nuit, j'ai mal dormi;∎ History the night of the long knives la nuit des longs couteaux;∎ the night is young la nuit n'est pas très avancée, humorous on a toute la nuit devant nous(b) (evening's entertainment) soirée f;∎ to have a night out sortir;∎ that was a great night last night on a passé une super soirée hier;∎ Tuesday's our poker night le mardi, c'est notre soirée poker, le mardi soir, nous faisons un poker;∎ to make a night of it faire la fête toute la nuit∎ as night was falling alors que la nuit tombait;∎ night falls early il fait nuit tôt, la nuit tombe tôt;∎ dark night of the soul période f de désespoir profond;∎ literary to go forth into the night s'en aller dans les ténèbres ou dans l'obscurité∎ gala night soirée f de gala;∎ poetry night soirée f poésie(duty, flight, train, boat, sky) de nuitde nuit;∎ how can you sleep nights not knowing where he is? comment arrives-tu à dormir sans même savoir où il est?;∎ to work nights travailler de nuit;∎ I'm on nights next week je suis de nuit la semaine prochaine;∎ American to lie awake nights ne pas dormir la nuit►► night bird Ornithology oiseau m nocturne ou de nuit; figurative (person) noctambule mf, oiseau m de nuit;night blindness (UNCOUNT) héméralopie f;night clerk (in hotel) réceptionniste mf de nuit;American night crawler = gros ver de terre;Banking night depository coffre(-fort) m de nuit;night driving conduite f de nuit;night editor rédacteur(trice) m,f de nuit (dans un journal);Ornithology night heron (héron m) bihoreau m;American night letter télégramme m (à tarif réduit, livré le lendemain matin);night manager directeur(trice) m,f de nuit;night nurse infirmier(ère) m,f de nuit;night nursery chambre f d'enfants;familiar night owl couche-tard mf inv, oiseau m de nuit;night porter portier(ère) m,f de nuit;Finance night rate tarif m de nuit;Banking night safe coffre(-fort) m de nuit;night school cours mpl du soir;∎ to go to night school suivre des cours du soir;∎ to be on the night shift être de nuit;night soil fumier m (d'excréments humains);night storage heater radiateur m à accumulation;American night table table f de chevet;night vision vision f nocturne;∎ to have good/bad night vision avoir une bonne/mauvaise vision nocturne;night watchman veilleur m de nuit;night work travail m de nuit -
35 note
note [nəʊt]note ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c), 1 (d), 1 (f), 1 (g), 1 (h) mot ⇒ 1 (b) billet (de banque) ⇒ 1 (e), 1 (i) ton ⇒ 1 (f) remarquer ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c) noter ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) observer ⇒ 2 (c)1 noun(a) (record, reminder) note f;∎ to take or to make notes prendre des notes;∎ she spoke from/without notes elle a parlé en s'aidant/sans s'aider de notes;∎ make a note of everything you spend notez toutes vos dépenses;∎ figurative I must make a note to myself to ask her about it il faut que je pense à le lui demander;∎ he made a mental note to look for it later il se promit de le chercher plus tard;∎ they have no note of any such meeting ils n'ont aucune trace de cette réunion;∎ figurative to compare notes échanger ses impressions;∎ University lecture notes notes fpl (de cours)(b) (short letter) mot m;∎ she left a note to say she'd call back later elle a laissé un mot pour dire qu'elle repasserait plus tard(c) (formal communication) note f;∎ diplomatic note note f diplomatique;∎ a doctor's or sick note un certificat ou une attestation du médecin (traitant); School un certificat (médical)(d) (annotation, commentary) note f, annotation f;∎ notes in the margin notes fpl dans la ou en marge;∎ editor's note note f de la rédaction;∎ see note 6 voir note 6;∎ programme notes notes fpl sur le programme∎ ten pound note billet m de dix livres∎ the piercing note of the siren le son strident de la sirène;∎ there was a note of contempt in her voice il y avait du mépris dans sa voix;∎ the meeting began on a promising note la réunion débuta sur une note optimiste;∎ on a more serious/a happier note pour parler de choses plus sérieuses/plus gaies;∎ the flowers add a note of colour les fleurs apportent une touche de couleur;∎ her speech struck a warning note son discours était un signal d'alarme;∎ to strike the right/a false note (speech) sonner juste/faux; (behaviour) être/ne pas être dans le ton;∎ literary to sound the note of war parler de guerre∎ to hit a high note sortir un aigu;∎ the black notes les touches fpl noires(h) (notice, attention)∎ to take note of sth prendre (bonne) note de qch∎ (promissory) note, note of hand billet m à ordre(a) (observe, notice) remarquer, noter;∎ he noted that the window was open il remarqua que la fenêtre était ouverte;∎ we have noted several omissions nous avons relevé plusieurs oublis;∎ note that she didn't actually refuse notez (bien) qu'elle n'a pas vraiment refusé;∎ please note that payment is now due veuillez effectuer le règlement dans les plus brefs délais;∎ it should be noted that… il est à noter que…(b) (write down) noter, écrire;∎ I noted her address j'ai noté son adresse;∎ all sales are noted in this book toutes les ventes sont enregistrées ou consignées dans ce carnet∎ as I noted earlier comme je l'ai fait remarquer précédemment∎ a musician of note un musicien éminent ou renommé;∎ a musician of some note un musicien d'une certaine renommée;∎ everyone of note was there tous les gens importants ou qui comptent étaient là;∎ nothing of note has happened il ne s'est rien passé d'important, aucun événement majeur ne s'est produit;∎ we have achieved little of note nous n'avons pas fait grand-chose d'important►► Finance note issue émission f fiduciaire;note issue facility autorisation f d'émettre les billets de banque(write down) noter, écrire;∎ I'd better note down your e-mail address je vais prendre votre adresse électronique
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