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  • 81 solvō

        solvō solvī (soluit, Ct.; soluisse, Tb.), solūtus, ere    [2 se+luo], to loosen, unbind, unfasten, unfetter, untie, release: iube solvi (eum), T.: ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt: ita nexi soluti (sunt), L.: Solvite me, pueri, V.: quo modo solvantur (nodi), Cu.: solve capillos, untie, O.: crines, let down, O.: terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae, i. e. thawed, H.: Solve senescentem equum, i. e. from service, H.: talibus ora solvit verbis, freely opens, O.: Solvite vela, unfurl, V.— To detach, remove, part, disengage, free: ancorā solutā (i. e. a litore): classis retinacula solvi iussit, O.: teque isto corpore solvo, V.: partūs, to bring forth, O.—Of ships, to free from land, set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart: navīs solvit, Cs.: primis tenebris solverat navem, L.: cum foedere solvere navīs, O.: navīs a terrā solverunt, Cs.: ab Corintho solvere navīs, L.: tertia fere vigiliā solvit (sc. navem), Cs.: nos eo die cenati solvimus: a Brundusio solvit, L.: Alexandriā solvisse: portu solventes.— To untie, unfasten, unlock, unseal, open: ille pharetram Solvit, uncovered, O.: solutā epistulā, N.: solutis fasciis, Cu.— To take apart, disintegrate, disunite, dissolve, separate, break up, scatter, dismiss: ubi ordines procursando solvissent, L.: agmina Diductis solvēre choris, V.: solvit maniplos, Iu.: coetuque soluto Discedunt, O.: urbem solutam reliquerunt, disorganized: si solvas ‘Postquam discordia tetra’... Invenias, etc., H.— To relax, benumb, make torpid, weaken: ima Solvuntur latera, V.: pennā metuente solvi, i. e. unflagging, H.: illi solvuntur frigore membra, V.: corpora somnus Solverat, O.: somno vinoque solutos, O.: Solvitur in somnos, V.— To loosen, break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, scatter: omne conligatum solvi potest: solvere navīs et rursus coniungere, Cu.: membra ratis, O.— To dissolve, melt, turn, change: nives solvere, melt, O.: (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem, V.—Of fastenings, to loose, remove, cancel, untie, unlock: nullo solvente catenas, O.: Frenum solvit, Ph.: Solvitur acris hiemps, H.: a corpore bracchia, relaxes his hold, O.: crinalīs vittas, V.: vinculum epistulae, Cu.—Fig., to free, set free, release, loose, emancipate, relieve, exempt: linguam ad iurgia, O.: cupiditates suas, Cu.: Bassanitas obsidione, L.: ut religione civitas solvatur: Vopiscus, solvatur legibus, be exempted: petente Flacco ut legibus solveretur, L.: ut is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solvat, release the testamentary heirs: reus Postumus est eā lege... solutus ac liber, i. e. the law does not apply to: solutus Legibus insanis, H.: vos curis ceteris, T.: solvent formidine terras, V.: Vita solutorum miserā ambitione, H.: longo luctu, V.: calices quem non fecere Contractā in paupertate solutum? i. e. from cares, H.: ego somno solutus sum, awoke.— To acquit, absolve, cleanse, relieve: ut scelere solvamur, be held guiltless: hunc scelere solutum periculo liberavit: Sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei, O.— To relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe (poet.): solvatur fronte senectus (i. e. frons rugis solvatur), be cleared, H.: arctum hospitiis animum, H.—Of ties, obligations, or authority, to remove, cancel, destroy, efface, make void, annul, overthrow, subvert, violate, abolish: solutum coniugium, Iu.: nec coniugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus, O.: culpa soluta mea est, O.: quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia conruperat, S.: solvendarum legum principium (i. e. dissolvendarum), Cu.: disciplinam militarem, subvert, L.: pactique fide data munera solvit, i. e. took back, O.— To loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse, dissolve, destroy: plebis vis soluta atque dispersa, S.: senectus quae solvit omnia, L.: nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae, H.: hoc firmos solvit amores, O.— To end, remove, relieve, soothe: ieiunia granis, O.: Curam Dulci Lyaeo, H.: corde metum, V.: pudorem, V.: solutam cernebat obsidionem, the siege raised, L.: Solventur risu tabulae (see tabula), H.— To accomplish, fulfil, complete, keep (of funeral ceremonies, vows, and promises): omnia paterno funeri iusta, finish the burial rites: iustis defunctorum corporibus solutis, Cu.: exsequiis rite solutis, V.: vota, fulfil: Vota Iovi, O.: solvisti fidem, you have kept your promise, T.: Esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, i. e. your pledge (to be mine through life), O.— To solve, explain, remove: quā viā captiosa solvantur, i. e. are refuted: Carmina non intellecta, O.: nodos iuris, Iu.—Of debts, to fulfil, pay, discharge, pay off: hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas, settled: Castricio pecuniam iam diu debitam, a debt of long standing: ex quā (pensione) maior pars est ei soluta: rem creditori populo solvit, L.: ut creditae pecuniae solvantur, Cs.: debet vero, solvitque praeclare.—Of persons, to make payment, pay: cuius bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt: ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis: pro vecturā: tibi quod debet ab Egnatio, pay by a draft on Egnatius: numquam vehementius actum est quam ne solveretur, to stop payments: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno res p. esset, able to pay its debt, L.; hence the phrase, solvendo esse, to be solvent: solvendo non erat, was insolvent: cum solvendo civitates non essent: ne videatur non fuisse solvendo.—Of money or property, to pay, pay over, hand over (for pecuniā rem or debitum solvere): emi: pecuniam solvi: pro quo (frumento) pretium, L.: quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur: arbitria funeris, the expenses of the funeral: Dona puer solvit, paid the promised gifts, O.: HS CC praesentia, in cash: legatis pecuniam pro frumento, L.—Of a penalty, to accomplish, fulfil, suffer, undergo: iustae et debitae poenae solutae sunt: capite poenas, S.: meritas poenas solvens, Cu.
    * * *
    solvere, solvi, solutus V
    loosen, release, unbind, untie, free; open; set sail; scatter; pay off/back

    Latin-English dictionary > solvō

  • 82 sum

        sum (2d pers. es, or old ēs; old subj praes. siem, siēs, siet, sient, for sim, etc., T.; fuat for sit, T., V., L.; imperf. often forem, forēs, foret, forent, for essem, etc.; fut. escunt for erunt, C.), fuī (fūvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. C.), futūrus ( inf fut. fore or futūrum esse, C.), esse    [ES-; FEV-]. —    I. As a predicate, asserting existence, to be, exist, live: ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse: flumen est Arar, quod, etc., Cs.: homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt: arbitrari, me nusquam aut nullum fore: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium, V.—Of place, to be, be present, be found, stay, live: cum non liceret Romae quemquam esse: cum essemus in castris: deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.: erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum: sub uno tecto esse, L.—Of circumstances or condition, to be, be found, be situated, be placed: Sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictūs, i. e. is attired, O.: in servitute: in magno nomine et gloriā: in vitio: Hic in noxiāst, T.: in pace, L.: (statua) est et fuit totā Graeciā summo honore: ego sum spe bonā: rem illam suo periculo esse, at his own risk: omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum, L.—In 3 d pers., followed by a pron rel., there is (that) which, there are (persons) who, there are (things) which, some.—With indic. (the subject conceived as definite): est quod me transire oportet, there is a (certain) reason why I must, etc., T.: sunt item quae appellantur alces, there are creatures also, which, etc., Cs.: sunt qui putant posse te non decedere, some think: Sunt quibus in satirā videor nimis acer, H.—With subj. (so usu. in prose, and always with a subject conceived as indefinite): sunt, qui putent esse mortem... sunt qui censeant, etc.: est isdem de rebus quod dici possit subtilius: sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras, H.—With dat, to belong, pertain, be possessed, be ascribed: fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti amicae quod daret, by which the youth might have something to give, T.: est igitur homini cum deo similitudo, man has some resemblance: Privatus illis census erat brevis, H.: Troia et huic loco nomen est, L.—Ellipt.: Nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei), nor is she ashamed, O.: Neque testimoni dictio est (sc. servo), has no right to be a witness, T.—With cum and abl of person, to have to do with, be connected with: tecum nihil rei nobis est, we have nothing to do with you, T.: si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus.—With ab and abl of person, to be of, be the servant of, follow, adhere to, favor, side with: Ab Andriā est ancilla haec, T.: sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me, makes for me.— With pro, to be in favor of, make for: (iudicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse.—With ex, to consist of, be made up of: (creticus) qui est ex longā et brevi et longā: duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus.— To be real, be true, be a fact, be the case, be so: sunt ista, Laeli: est ut dicis, inquam: verum esto: esto, granted, V.—Esp. in phrases, est ut, it is the case that, is true that, is possible that, there is reason for: sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, T.: est, ut id maxime deceat: futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur, Cs.: magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut reformidet, etc., i. e. he has more reason for being troubled... than for dreading, etc.: ille erat ut odisset defensorem, etc., he certainly did hate.—In eo esse ut, etc., to be in a condition to, be possible that, be about to, be on the point of ( impers. or with indef subj.): cum iam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles, when the soldiers were on the point of scaling, L.: cum res non in eo essent ut, etc., L.—Est ubi, there is a time when, sometimes: est, ubi id isto modo valeat.—Est quod, there is reason to, is occasion to: etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem, I have more reason to: est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc., L.: non est quod multa loquamur, H.—Est cur, there is reason why: quid erat cur Milo optaret, etc., what cause had Milo for wishing? etc.—With inf, it is possible, is allowed, is permitted, one may: Est quādam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra, H.: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum, T.: neque est te fallere quicquam, V.: quae verbo obiecta, verbo negare sit, L.: est videre argentea vasa, Ta.: fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando tuae amicitiae, S.—Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place: illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo: Amabo, quid tibi est? T.: quid, si... futurum nobis est? L.— To come, fall, reach, be brought, have arrived: ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit: quae ne in potestatem quidem populi R. esset, L.—    II. As a copula, to be: et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi: non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam: Nos numerus sumus, a mere number, H.: sic, inquit, est: est ut dicis: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit, L.: cum in convivio comiter et iucunde fuisses: quod in maritimis facillime sum, am very glad to be.—With gen part., to be of, belong to: qui eiusdem civitatis fuit, N.: qui Romanae partis erant, L.: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus, L.— With gen possess., to belong to, pertain to, be of, be the part of, be peculiar to, be characteristic of, be the duty of: audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc., who possess: ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent, L.: Aemilius, cuius tum fasces erant, L.: plebs novarum rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse, were devoted to, L.: negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.—With pron possess.: est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur: fuit meum quidem iam pridem rem p. lugere.—With gerundive: quae res evertendae rei p. solerent esse, which were the usual causes of ruin to the state: qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent, L.— With gen. or abl. of quality, to be of, be possessed of, be characterized by, belong to, have, exercise: nimium me timidum, nullius consili fuisse confiteor: Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit, S.: civitas magnae auctoritatis, Cs.: refer, Cuius fortunae (sit), H.: nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit, L.: bellum variā victoriā fuit, S.: tenuissimā valetudine esse, Cs.: qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis.—With gen. or abl. of price or value, to be of, be valued at, stand at, be appreciated, cost: videtur esse quantivis preti, T.: ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit: magni erunt mihi tuae litterae: sextante sal et Romae et per totam Italiam erat, was worth, L.—With dat predic., to express definition or purpose, to serve for, be taken as, be regarded as, be felt to be: vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere, ought to be regarded as: eo natus sum ut Iugurthae scelerum ostentui essem, S.: ipsa res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuerat, L.—With second dat of pers.: quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi, T.: illud Cassianum, ‘cui bono fuerit,’ the inquiry of Cassius, ‘ for whose benefit was it ’: haec tam parva civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit.— To be sufficient for, be equal to, be fit: sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc., L.: ut divites conferrent, qui oneri ferendo essent, such as were able to bear the burden, L.: cum solvendo aere (old dat. for aeri) alieno res p. non esset, L.—With ellips. of aeri: tu nec solvendo eras, wast unable to pay.—With ad, to be of use for, serve for: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime.—With de, to be of, treat concerning, relate to: liber, qui est de animo.—In the phrase, id est, or hoc est, in explanations, that is, that is to say, I mean: sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur: vos autem, hoc est populus R., etc., S.
    * * *
    highest, the top of; greatest; last; the end of

    Latin-English dictionary > sum

  • 83 taciturnus

        taciturnus adj. with comp.    [tacitus], not talkative, of few words, quiet, still, taciturn, silent, noiseless: (eum) taciturnum videbant: thalamos taciturna Intrat, noiselessly, O.: obstinatio, N.: tineas pasces (liber) taciturnus inertīs, i. e. unread, H.: (ingenium) statuā taciturnius, H.
    * * *
    taciturna, taciturnum ADJ
    silent, quiet

    Latin-English dictionary > taciturnus

  • 84 tenuis

        tenuis e, adj. with comp. tenuior and sup. tenuissimus    [2 TA-], drawn out, meagre, slim, thin, lank, slender: Pinna, H.: acus, fine, O.: avena, V.: animae (defunctorum), O.—Of texture, thin, fine, close: vestes, O.: togae, H.: toga filo tenuissima, O.: natura oculos membranis tenuissimis saepsit.—Of substance, thin, rare, fine, slight: caelum: athereus locus tenuissimus est: agmen (militum), L.— Little, slight, trifling, inconsiderable, insignificant, poor, mean: oppidum: aqua, shallow, L.: tenuem fontibus adfer aquam, i. e. a little water, O.: sulcus, V.: Insignis tenui fronte Lycoris, low, H.: semita, narrow, V.: cibus, Ph.: opes: census, H.: praeda, Cs.: tenuissimum lumen: ventus, a breeze, V.—Of persons, poor: servus sit an liber, pecuniosus an tenuis.— Plur m. as subst: tenuīs praemio, stultos errore permovit: fortunae constitui tenuiorum videbantur: cuiusque censum tenuissimi auxerant.—Fig., fine, nice, delicate, subtle, exact: distinctio: cura, O.: rationes non ad tenue elimatae.— Weak, trifling, insignificant, mean, poor, slight: tenuissima valetudo, delicate, Cs.: sermo: in tenuissimis rebus labi: artificium: spes tenuior: curae, V.— Low in rank, mean, inferior, common: tenuiores, the lower orders: tenuis L. Virginius unusque de multis: tenuissimus quisque: adulescentes tenui loco orti, L.
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    tenue, tenuior -or -us, tenuissimus -a -um ADJ
    thin, fine; delicate; slight, little, unimportant; weak, feeble

    Latin-English dictionary > tenuis

  • 85 thyrsus

        thyrsus ī, m, τηύρσοσ.—Of a plant, a stalk, stem.—Esp., a staff twined with ivy and vine, Bacchic staff, thyrsus: Liber gravi metuende thyrso, H., O.—A thorn, goad: Sic ubi mota calent viridi mea pectora thyrso, O.
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    Bacchic wand tipped with a fir-cone, tuft of ivy or vine leaves

    Latin-English dictionary > thyrsus

  • 86 ūdus

        ūdus adj.    [for ūvidus], wet, moist, damp, humid: paludes, O.: litus, H.: pomaria rivis, H.: oculi, O.: Vere madent udo terrae, V.: udae Vocis iter (i. e. udum iter vocis), the throat, V.: liber, sappy, V.: argilla, yielding, H.: apium, growing in marshy ground, H.
    * * *
    uda, udum ADJ

    Latin-English dictionary > ūdus

  • 87 ut or utī

        ut or utī adv.    [for * quoti or * cuti; 2 CA-].    I. Of place, where (poet.): Nisus Labitur, caesis ut forte iuvencis Fusus madefecerat herbas, V.: Utque aër, tellus illic, O.—    II. Of time, when, as soon as, just as: ut hinc te intro ire iussi, opportune hic fit mi obviam, T.: ut peroravit, surrexit Clodius: ut vero aquam ingressi sunt... tum, etc., L.: Ariovistum, ut semel Gallorum copias vicerit, crudeliter imperare, Cs.: atque ego, ut primum fletu represso loqui posse coepi, Quaeso inquam, etc., as soon as ever: Siculi, ut primum videre volgari morbos, in suas quisque urbes dilapsi sunt, L.: deinde ut nulla vi perculsos sustinere poterat, Quid ultra moror, inquit, etc., L.: ut hinc forte ea ad obstetricem erat missa, T.: ut ad mare nostrae cohortes excubuerant, accessere subito Pompeiani, Cs.: litteras scripsi... statim ut tuas legerem (i. e. litteras nunc scribo, ut tuas legi): neque, ut quaeque res delata ad nos, tum denique scrutari locos (debemus): traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum... victoriam de Veientibus dari, L.— Since, from the time at which: ut Brundisio profectus es, nullae mihi abs te sunt redditae litterae.—Of repeated action, whenever: ut quisque istius animum offenderat, in lautumias statim coniciebatur: ut cuique erat locus attributus, ad munitiones accedunt, Cs.: ut quisque arma ceperat... inordinati in proelium ruunt, L.: ut enim quisque dixerat, ita postulabatur, etc.—    III. Of manner.    A. Interrog., how, in what way, in what manner: Ut vales? T.: ut sese in Samnio res habent? L.: Ut valet? ut meminit nostri? H. —Usu. in dependent questions, with subj: Narratque ut virgo ab se integra etiam tum siet, T.: credo te audisse ut me circumsteterint: docebat ut omni tempore totius Galliae principatum Aedui tenuissent, Cs.: veniat in mentem, ut trepidos quondam maiores vestros... defenderimus, L.: Vides ut altā stet nive candidum Soracte, H.— With indic. (old or poet.): Illud vide, os ut sibi distorsit carnufex, T.: Aspice, venturo laetantur ut omnia saeclo! (i. e. omnia laetantia), V.—After verbs of fearing, how, in what way, lest... not, that... not: rem frumentariam, ut satis commode supportari posset, timere dicebant, Cs.: verebar ut redderentur: timeo ut sustineas: o puer, ut sis Vitalis, metuo, et maiorum ne quis amicus Frigore te feriat, H.: quia nihil minus, quam ut egredi obsessi moenibus auderent, timeri poterat, L.: ut ferulā caedas meritum... non vereor, H.—In exclamations: ut falsus animi est! T.: Gnaeus autem noster... ut totus iacet: Ut vidi, ut perii! ut me malus abstulit error! V.: ut tu Semper eris derisor! H.—    B. Relative, as: ut potero, feram, T.: Ciceronem et ut rogas amo, et ut meretur et debeo: Labienus, ut erat ei praeceptum... abstinebat, Cs.: ut plerumque fit, L.—Introducing an example, as, for example, for instance: est quiddam, quod suā vi nos inlectos ducit, ut amicitia: ceteri morbi, ut gloriae cupiditas, etc.: qui aliis nocent, in eādem sunt iniustitiā, ut si in suam rem aliena convertant: ut si quis ei quem urgeat fames venenum ponat, L.: causas, ut honorificentissimis verbis consequi potero, complectar: si virtus digna est gloriatione, ut est (i. e. sicut est): nemo, ut opinor, in culpā est, in my judgment: qui, ut credo, duxit, etc., I believe.—With correlative ita, sic, sometimes idem, item, as, just as, in the same manner as: omnīs posthabui mihi res, ita uti par fuit, T.: ut viro forti dignum fuit, ita calumniam eius obtrivit: si ut animis sic oculis videre possemus: disputationem exponimus, eisdem fere verbis, ut disputatumque est: fecisti item ut praedones solent: haec ut brevissime dici potuerunt, ita a me dicta sunt (i. e. ita breviter dicta sunt ut dici potuerunt): te semper sic colam ut quem diligentissime: eruditus autem sic ut nemo Thebanus magis, N.—In comparative clauses with indefinite subjects, ut quisque with a sup. or an expression implying a superlative, usu. followed by ita with a sup, the more... the more: ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime alios improbos suspicatur, the better man one is, the harder it is for him to, etc.: ut quisque (morbus) est difficillimus, ita medicus nobilissimus quaeritur; cf. facillime ad res iniustas impellitur ut quisque altissimo animo est: ut quisque gradu proximus erat, ita ignominiae obiectus, L.: de captivis, ut quisque liber aut servus esset, suae fortunae a quoque sumptum supplicium est, according to each one's station, whether free or bound, L.—Introducing a general statement for comparison or confirmation, as, considering that, in accordance with the fact that, in view of what: haud scio hercle, ut homost, an mutet animum, T.: atque ille, ut semper fuit apertissimus, non se purgavit, sed, etc.: transire pontem non potuit, ut extrema resoluta crant, etc., L.: Epicharmi, acuti nec insulsi hominis, ut Siculi, as was natural for a Sicilian.—Introducing a limiting circumstance, as, considering, for: hic Geta ut captus est servorum, non malus, i. e. as far as this can be said of slaves, T.: civitas florens, ut est captus Germanorum, Cs.: Caelius Antipater, scriptor, ut temporibus illis, luculentus, for those times: (orationis genus) ut in oratore exile, for an orator: gens, ut in eā regione, divitiis praepollens, L.— With perinde or pro eo, as, in proportion as, according as, to the extent that, in the measure that: in exspectatione civitas erat, perinde ut evenisset res, ita communicatos honores habitura, L.: pro eo ut temporis difficultas aratorumque penuria tulit.—With a relat., as it is natural for persons, like one, since, seeing that: proficiscuntur, ut quibus esset persuasum, non ab hoste consilium datum, etc., like men convinced that, etc., Cs.: inde consul, ut qui iam ad hostīs perventum cerneret, procedebat, L.—Introducing a motive or assumption, as if, on the supposition that, in the belief that: narratio est rerum gestarum aut ut gestarum expositio: (Galli) laeti, ut exploratā victoriā, ad castra pergunt, L.—With ita or sic, introducing an oath or attestation, as, as it is true that: ita me di ament ut ego Laetor, etc., T.: ita vivam ut maximos sumptūs facio.—With correlative ita or sic, introducing contrasted clauses, as... so, as on the one hand... so on the other, although... yet, while... still, both... and: ut errare potuisti, sic decipi te non potuisse, quis non videt?: consul, ut fortasse vere, sic parum utiliter in praesens certamen, respondit, etc., L.: uti longe a luxuriā, ita famae propior, Ta.—Repeated as indefinite relative, in whatever manner, howsoever (only with indic.): Sed ut ut haec sunt, tamen hoc faciam, T.: sed ut ut est, indulge valetudini tuae.—Indefinite, in concessive or conditional clauses, however, in whatever manner, in whatever degree, although, granting that: quod ut ita sit—nihil enim pugno —quid habet ista res aut laetabile aut gloriosum?: nihil est prudentiā dulcius, quam, ut cetera auferat, adfert certe senectus: ut enim neminem alium rogasset, scire potuit, etc.: qui, ut non omnis peritissimus sim belli, cum Romanis certe bellare didici, L.: ac iam ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse, Cs.: Ut desint vires tamen est laudanda voluntas, O.

    Latin-English dictionary > ut or utī

  • 88 vērāx

        vērāx ācis, adj. with comp.    [cf. verus], speaking truly, truthful, true, veracious: oraculum: Herodotum cur veraciorem ducum Ennio?: Liber, H.: veraces cecinisse Parcae, H.: saga, Tb.
    * * *
    veracis (gen.), veracior -or -us, veracissimus -a -um ADJ
    speaking the truth, truthful (people); conveying the truth (things)

    Latin-English dictionary > vērāx

  • 89 vindicta

        vindicta ae, f    [vindico], a rod, a touch of which in the presence of a magistrate was the ceremony of manumission, liberating-rod, manumissionstaff: vindictā liberatus, L.: vindictā liber factus: quem ter vindicta quaterque Inposita haud umquam formidine privet, H.: vindictae quisque favete suae, i. e. his own champion, O.—A means of asserting, vindication, protection, defence: libertatis, L.: mors, inquit, una vindicta est, L.: legis severae, O.—Vengeance, revenge, satisfaction, redress: facilis vindicta est mihi, Ph.: gravior quam iniuria, Iu.: legis severae, O.
    * * *
    ceremonial act claiming as free one contending wrongly enslaved; vengeance

    Latin-English dictionary > vindicta

  • 90 volō

        volō ōnis, m    [1 VOL-], a volunteer.— Esp., one of the slaves who, after the battle of Cannae, volunteered as soldiers: liber voloni sese exaequari sineret, L.: tirones ea maxima pars volonum erant, L.
    * * *
    I
    velle, volui, - V
    wish, want, prefer; be willing, will
    II
    volare, volavi, volatus V
    III
    volunteers (pl.); (in the Second Punic War)

    Latin-English dictionary > volō

  • 91 memorialis

    I
    historiographer royal, man employed in the emperor's secretarial bureau
    II
    memorialis, memoriale ADJ
    serving as a memorial; memorial

    w/liber -- book of records/memoranda

    Latin-English dictionary > memorialis

  • 92 -ne

    1.
    nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
    I.
    Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

    and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

    Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

    DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
    2.
    To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
    a.
    Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

    ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

    ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

    id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

    nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

    non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 29, 78:

    vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

    ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

    Verg. G. 3, 561;

    so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

    nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

    id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

    non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

    Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

    id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

    numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

    id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

    sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

    Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
    b.
    In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
    B.
    With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
    1.
    In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
    (α).
    With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

    VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

    art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

    ah, ne saevi tantopere,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

    impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

    Verg. A. 6, 832.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    ne me moveatis,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

    si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

    si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

    Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

    ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

    Hor. A. P. 406.—
    2.
    In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

    ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

    id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

    illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

    ne vivam, si scio,

    may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

    sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

    ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

    id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
    3.
    In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
    (α).
    In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

    ego enim, etc.,

    there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

    pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

    id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

    ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

    id. Sen. 11, 34:

    ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

    id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

    nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

    though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
    (β).
    In restrictive clauses:

    sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

    only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

    vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
    4.
    In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
    a.
    Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

    haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

    ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

    excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
    b.
    Ut... ne separated:

    quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

    ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

    lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
    c.
    Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

    ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

    moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

    Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
    II.
    In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
    A.
    In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

    Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

    vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

    metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

    that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

    timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

    vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

    metuebat ne indicarent,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

    mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    id. Mur. 41, 88:

    hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

    id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

    esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 715:

    terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

    non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

    pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

    Liv. 24, 42 —
    b.
    When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

    vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

    unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

    id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

    timeo ne non impetrem,

    id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
    c.
    With the negative before the verb:

    non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

    timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
    C.
    After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

    qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

    cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

    v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

    Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

    unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

    Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
    2.
    - nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

    which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
    (α).
    In direct interrogations, with indic.:

    meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

    potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

    id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    tune id veritus es?

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

    id. Pis. 1, 1:

    quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

    quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

    Verg. A. 4, 538:

    tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

    valuistin?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

    satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

    pergin autem?

    id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

    vin commutemus?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
    (β).
    Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

    so quin for quine,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

    utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

    sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

    ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

    Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

    id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

    videto vasa, multane sient,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
    (δ).
    Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

    quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

    uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

    id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

    illa rogare: Quantane?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
    (ε).
    -ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

    misine ego ad te epistulam?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

    rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
    (ζ).
    Rarely = num:

    potestne virtus servire?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

    potesne dicere?

    id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
    b.
    With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

    est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

    sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

    Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

    ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
    3.
    nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
    I.
    In gen.:

    ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

    ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

    ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

    id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

    ne iste,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
    II.
    Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

    ne tu hercle,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    edepol ne ego,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

    edepol ne tu,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

    ne ista edepol,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

    ne istuc mecastor,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

    ne ille, medius fidius,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

    medius fidius ne tu,

    id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

    edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > -ne

  • 93 abverto

    ā-verto (arch. - vorto; in MSS. also abverto; cf. ab init.), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn something away from a place, to avert, turn off, remove, etc. (opp. adverto).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    a.
    Constr. aliquem ab or with the simple abl.; the limit designated by in with acc. (more rarely by ad):

    ab saxo avortit fluctus ad litus scapham,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 76: Jup. Te volo, uxor, conloqui. Quor ted avortisti? Alc. Est ita ingenium meum:

    Inimicos semper osa sum optuerier,

    id. Am. 3, 2, 18:

    (M. Lepidus) Antonio diadema Caesari imponente se avertit,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 14; id. Balb. 5, 11:

    aliquid ab oculis,

    id. N. D. 2, 56, 141:

    nos flumina arcemus, dirigimus, avertimus,

    turn off, id. ib. 2, 60, 152; so Liv. 41, 11, 3: quod iter ab Arari Helvetii averterant, had turned aside their march from Caes. B. G. 1, 16 et saep.:

    locis seminis ic tum,

    Lucr. 4, 1273:

    Italiā Teucrorum regem,

    Verg. A. 1, 42:

    a ceteris omnium in se oculos,

    Liv. 2, 5, 6:

    in comitiorum disceptationem ab lege certamen,

    id. 3, 24, 9:

    ab hominibus ad deos preces,

    id. 6, 20, 10: se alicui, instead of ab aliquo. Col. 6, 37, 10.—And poet. with acc.:

    quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras,

    Verg. A. 4, 106. —With dat.:

    Quod mihi non patrii poterant avertere amici,

    Prop. 4, 24, 9; so Val. Fl. 3, 491.—Also without an antecedent ab (since this is included in the verb) with in with acc.:

    in fugam classem, Liv 22, 19, 11: dissipatos in fugam,

    id. 34, 15, 2; hence absol.:

    mille acies avertit avertetque (sc. in fugam),

    put to flight, id. 9, 19, 17.—
    b.
    Pass. in mid. signif. with the acc., in the Greek manner, to turn away from:

    equus fontes avertitur,

    Verg. G. 3, 499 (cf. the Gr. apostrephesthai to hudôr, and aversari):

    oppositas impasta avertitur herbas,

    Stat. Th. 6, 192; Petr. 124, 248.—
    c.
    As v. n. avertere = se avertere, to turn one's self away, to retire:

    ob eam causam huc abs te avorti,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 83:

    ecce avortit,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 50:

    dixit et avertens roseā cervice refulsit,

    Verg. A. 1, 402:

    tum prora avertit,

    id. ib. 1, 104:

    avertit et ire in Capitolium coepit,

    Gell. 4, 18, 4 al. —
    B.
    To take away, drive away, carry off, steal, embezzle, to appropriate to one ' s self:

    pecuniam publicam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4:

    compertum publicam pecuniam avertisse,

    Tac. H. 1, 53:

    aliquid domum tuam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

    praedam omnem domum avertebant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 59:

    intellexistis innumerabilem frumenti numerum per triennium aversum a re publicā esse ereptumque aratoribus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69 fin.:

    auratam Colchis pellem,

    to carry off, Cat. 64, 5:

    quattuor a stabulis tauros,

    Verg. A. 8, 208:

    avertere praedas,

    id. ib. 10, 78:

    carā pisces avertere mensā,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 37.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To turn, divert a person from a course of action, purpose, etc.:

    accusandi terrores et minae populi opinionem a spe adipiscendi avertunt,

    Cic. Mur. 21:

    avertant animos a spe recuperandae arcis,

    Liv. 9, 24, 11:

    qui mentem optimi viri a defensione meae salutis averterant,

    Cic. Sest. 31:

    ut nec vobis averteretur a certamine animus,

    Liv. 1, 28, 5:

    animum a pietate,

    id. 7, 5, 7:

    aliquem ab incepto avertit,

    id. 23, 18, 9:

    a philosophiā,

    Suet. Ner. 52.—
    B.
    Aliquem, to turn away from one in feeling, i. e. to make averse or disinclined to, to alienate, estrange:

    legiones abducis a Bruto. Quas? nempe eas, quas ille a C. Antonii scelere avertit et ad rem publicam suā auctoritate traduxit,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 3:

    ipse Pompeius totum se ab ejus (sc. Caesaris) amicitiā averterat,

    had quite alienated himself from, Caes. B. C. 1, 4:

    civitates ab alicujus amicitiā,

    id. ib. 3, 79:

    popularium animos,

    Sall. J. 111, 2:

    futurum, uti totius Galliae animi a se averterentur,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    nobis mentem deorum,

    Cat. 64, 406.—Hence, āver-sus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Turned off or away: aversum hostem videre nemo potuit, turned away, i. e. turned in flight, Caes. B. G. 1, 26; hence, backwards, behind, back ( = a tergo; opp. adversus), distant:

    et adversus et aversus impudicus es,

    before and behind, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256:

    canities homini semper a priori parte capitis, tum deinde ab aversā,

    Plin. 11, 37, 47, § 131; 11, 52, 113, § 272: ne aversos nostros aggrederentur, fall upon our troops in the rear, Galba ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 3:

    ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur,

    from behind, in the rear, Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

    aversos proterere,

    id. B. C. 2, 41: aversi vulnerantur, Auct. B. Alex. 30;

    32: aversum ferro transfixit,

    Nep. Dat. 11, 5:

    aversos boves caudis in speluncam traxit,

    backwards, Liv. 1, 7, 5 (cf. Prop. 5, 9, 12:

    Aversos caudā traxit in antra boves): aversa hosti porta,

    Tac. A. 1, 66:

    scribit in aversā Picens epigrammata chartā,

    upon the back of the paper, Mart. 8, 62 (cf. Juv. 1, 6: liber scriptus in tergo), and so al.— Trop.:

    milites aversi a proelio,

    withdrawn from the battle, Caes. B. C. 2, 12. — Subst.: āversum, i, n., the hinder or back part, the back (as subst. only in the plur.):

    per aversa castrorum receptus est,

    Vell. 2, 63 Ruhnk.:

    per aversa urbis fugam dederat,

    Liv. 5, 29, 4: ad aversa insulae, id. [p. 215] 37, 27, 2:

    aversa montis,

    Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 41: aversa Indiae, the back or remoter parts of India, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110.—So in adverb. phrase: in aversum, backwards:

    Cetera animalia in aversum posterioribus pedibus quam prioribus,

    Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248 (Jan, in diversum):

    collum circum agit (lynx) in aversum,

    id. 11, 47, 107, § 256 (Jan, in aversum se; Sillig, in adversum). —
    B.
    Disinclined, alienated, unfavorable, opposed, hostile, averse; constr. with ab, with dat., or absol.
    (α).
    With ab (so most frequently in Cicero):

    aversus a Musis,

    Cic. Arch. 9, 20:

    aversus a vero,

    id. Cat. 3, 9, 21:

    turbidi animorum motus, aversi a ratione, et inimicissimi mentis vitaeque tranquillae,

    id. Tusc. 4, 15, 34:

    Quintus aversissimo a me animo fuit,

    id. Att. 11, 5 fin.; Col. 11, 1, 14:

    aversissimus ab istis prodigiis sum,

    Sen. Ep. 50.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    aversus mercaturis,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 107:

    vilicus aversus contubernio,

    Col. 12, 1, 2:

    defensioni aversior,

    Quint. 7, 1, 11 (but acc. to the MSS., adversior seems here to deserve the preference; so Halm; cf. Spald. and Zumpt ad h. l.).—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    aversa deae mens,

    Verg. A. 2, 170:

    aversa voluntas,

    id. ib. 12, 647:

    aversos soliti componere amicos,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    aversus animus,

    Tac. H. 4, 80 et saep.:

    vultus aversior,

    Sen. Ira, 2, 24:

    aversi animis,

    Tac. A. 14, 26.— Adv. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abverto

  • 94 adeo

    1.
    ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen., constr.
    (α).
    With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:

    neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,

    Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:

    adeamne ad eam?

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:

    ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:

    adibam ad istum fundum,

    Cic. Caec. 29 —
    (β).
    With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:

    cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

    Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:

    eccum video: adibo,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—
    (δ).
    With acc.:

    ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,

    Ov. M. 13, 465:

    voces aetherias adiere domos,

    Sil. 6, 253:

    castrorum vias,

    Tac. A. 2, 13:

    municipia,

    id. ib. 39:

    provinciam,

    Suet. Aug. 47:

    non poterant adire eum,

    Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:

    Graios sales carmine patrio,

    to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:

    planioribus aditu locis,

    places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:

    quoquam,

    Sall. J. 14:

    huc,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—
    B.
    Esp.,
    1.
    To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:

    quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:

    aliquot me adierunt,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:

    adii te heri de filia,

    id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:

    ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10:

    coram adire et alloqui,

    Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:

    aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,

    when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

    neque praetores adiri possent,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:

    per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:

    acced. ad aras,

    Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:

    ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 27:

    adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,

    Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:

    aras,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

    sedes deorum,

    Tib. 1, 5, 39:

    libros Sibyllinos,

    to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:

    oracula,

    Verg. A. 7, 82.—
    2.
    To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:

    oppida castellaque munita,

    Sall. J. 94:

    hiberna,

    Tac. H. 1, 52.—
    3.
    To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:

    aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:

    nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,

    Verg. A. 5, 379:

    Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,

    Sil. 9, 272.
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):

    nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:

    tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,

    Cic. Brut. 90:

    adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

    ad extremum periculum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:

    periculum capitis,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:

    laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,

    id. Off. 1, 19:

    in adeundis periculis,

    id. ib. 24; cf.:

    adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,

    id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:

    omnem fortunam,

    Liv. 25, 10:

    dedecus,

    Tac. A. 1, 39:

    servitutem voluntariam,

    id. G. 24:

    invidiam,

    id. A. 4, 70:

    gaudia,

    Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:

    cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;

    hence also: adire nomen,

    to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—
    B.
    Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):

    eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.
    2.
    ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).
    I.
    In the ante-class. per.,
    A.
    To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.
    1.
    Of space:

    surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,

    fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):

    postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—
    2.
    Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:

    merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:

    nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:

    atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,

    Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—
    B.
    For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:

    adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:

    gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,

    in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—
    C.
    (Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:

    adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,

    besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—
    D.
    (Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:

    id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,

    Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:

    id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,

    id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:

    adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):

    atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,

    id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—
    E.
    In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:

    jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.
    II.
    To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,
    A.
    To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:

    adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:

    neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:

    et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:

    nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:

    adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:

    usque adeo turbatur,

    even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:

    adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:

    adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

    Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:

    non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,

    Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:

    verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—

    Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,

    that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:

    adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?

    Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:

    apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,

    Liv. 30, 34, 5. —
    B.
    Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,
    1.
    Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;

    ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,

    you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

    cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:

    haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,

    even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:

    id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:

    ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,

    And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:

    ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:

    Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,

    Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:

    teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,

    Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;

    and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):

    tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:

    ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:

    nec me adeo fallit,

    Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:

    atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,

    Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:

    ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,

    Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:

    ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,

    Sil. 14, 487.—
    2.
    With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:

    nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,

    unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—
    3.
    With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:

    inde adeo,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:

    hinc adeo,

    Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:

    vix adeo,

    Verg. A. 6, 498:

    non adeo,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —
    4.
    With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:

    quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!

    how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:

    trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,

    three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:

    quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,

    very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:

    magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—
    5.
    With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:

    sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 71:

    si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,

    id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:

    mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,

    or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:

    ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—
    6.
    With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:

    propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,

    Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—
    C.
    Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:

    nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,

    so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:

    nec sum adeo informis,

    nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:

    nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,

    Suet. Aug. 65:

    et merito adeo,

    and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:

    etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,

    do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—
    D.
    To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.

    adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,

    and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:

    haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,

    Verg. A. 7, 427.
    III.
    After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).
    A.
    For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:

    cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,

    Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—
    B.
    When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):

    haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,

    thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:

    adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,

    id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:

    adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,

    Verg. G. 2, 272.—
    C.
    In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—
    D.
    With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):

    hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,

    still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:

    ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,

    still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:

    favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,

    who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adeo

  • 95 adnoto

    an-nŏto (better adn-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to put a note to something, to write down something, to note down, remark, comment on (only in post-Aug. prose, like its derivatives annotatio, annotator, annotamentum, etc.).
    I.
    A.. In gen.:

    ut meminisset atque adnotaret, quid et quando et cui dedisset,

    Col. 12, 3, 4:

    in scriptis adnotare quaedam ut tumida,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 5:

    liber legebatur, adnotabatur,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 10; so Suet. Gram. 24:

    quā in re et aliud adnotare succurrit,

    Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 157:

    quod annales adnotavere,

    id. 34, 6, 11, § 24:

    de quibus in orthographiā pauca adnotabo,

    Quint. 1, 14, 7 al. —Hence,
    B.
    = animadvertere, to observe, perceive:

    cum adnotāsset insculptum monumento militem Gallum, etc.,

    Suet. Ner. 41.—
    C.
    Adnotare librum, to give a book some title, to entitle, denominate: ausus est libros suos philalêtheis adnotare, Lact. 5, 3 fin. —
    D.
    Annotari, to be distinguished, noted for something:

    haec litora pisce nobili adnotantur,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 60.—
    II.
    Judic. t. t.
    A.
    To enter or register an absent person among the accused:

    absens requirendus, adnotandus est, ut copiam sui praestet,

    Dig. 48, 17, 1.—
    B.
    To note or designate one, already condemned, for punishment:

    quos, quia cives Romani erant, adnotavi in urbem remittendos,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 97; so id. ib. 3, 16; 7, 20; id. Pan. 56 Schwarz; Suet. Calig. 27.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adnoto

  • 96 adscribo

    a-scrībo ( ads-, Baiter, Halm, Weissenb., K. and H.; as-, Kayser), psi, ptum, 3, v. a., to annex by writing, to add to a writing (syn.: annumero, addo, insero, attribuo, tribuo).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit., constr. absol. or with dat., in with acc. or abl.
    a.
    Absol.:

    non solum illud perscribunt, quod tum prohibiti sunt, sed etiam causam ascribunt cur etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35:

    illud minime auguris, quod adscripsit, ob eam causam, etc.,

    id. Div. 1, 16, 29.—
    b.
    With dat.:

    Terentia salutem tibi plurimam adscribit,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.:

    coheredem sibi libertum ejus adscriptum,

    Suet. Vit. 14.—
    c.
    With in with acc. or abl.: hoc tibi respondeo: ascripsisse eundem Sullam in eandem legem: si quid, etc.: nam nisi esset, hoc in omnibus legibus non ascriberetur, Cic. Caecin. 33, 95 (B. and K., in eādem lege):

    antiquior dies in tuis adscripta litteris,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3:

    in alterā epistulā diem non adscribis,

    do not add the date, id. Att. 3, 23:

    nomen suum in albo profitentium citharoedorum jussit adscribi,

    Suet. Ner. 21; id. Tib. 51 al.—Esp. freq. of superscriptions and inscriptions:

    Recita epistulam. TIMARCHIDES VERRIS ACCENSVS APRONIO. Jam hoc quidem non reprehendo, quod ascribit ACCENSVS,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66:

    non credo ascripturum esse magno,

    id. Agr. 2, 20:

    novo si marmori adscripserunt Praxitelem suo,

    Phaedr. 5, prol. 6:

    tumulo publice exstructo adscripserant, pro libertate eos occubuisse,

    Suet. Aug. 12 fin.:

    ut qui statuarum titulis pronepotem se Q. Catuli Capitolini semper adscripserit,

    id. Galb. 2; id. Ner. 45; id. Aug. 70.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To impute, ascribe, attribute to one the cause of something:

    hoc incommodum Scipioni ascribendum videtur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 49:

    panaces diis inventoribus adscriptum,

    Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 81;

    and (per hypallagen, cf. Rudd. II. p. 393): cur autem ascribimus illum his lacrimis (instead of illi has lacrimas),

    id. Rapt. Pros. 3, 419; cf. id. Idyll. 6, 81:

    nomini meo adscribatur victoria,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 12, 28.—
    2.
    To place to one's credit, i. e. to settle, fix, designate, appoint:

    eidem (servo) adscripsisse legatum,

    bequeathed to him, Plin. Ep. 4, 10.— Poet.:

    culpam lues, olim cum adscriptus venerit poenae dies,

    Phaedr. 4, 11, 8.—
    3.
    Adscribere sibi aliquid, to apply, refer something to one's self:

    qui facere quae non possunt, verbis elevant, Adscribere hoc debebunt exemplum sibi,

    Phaedr. 4, 3, 6.—
    II.
    A.. Esp., t. t., to enroll, enter in a list ( as citizen, soldier, colonist, etc.):

    ascribi se in eam civitatem voluit,

    to be entered, received as a citizen, Cic. Arch. 4:

    si qui foederatis civitatibus ascripti fuissent,

    id. ib.:

    urbanae militiae adscribebatur,

    Tac. H. 2, 94:

    adscribantur ex Judaeis in exercitu regis ad triginta milia virorum,

    Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 36: adscripti dicebantur qui in colonias nomina dedissent, ut essent coloni, Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.:

    colonos Venusiam adscripserunt,

    Liv. 31, 49; so id. 32, 7; 33, 24; 34, 42;

    35, 9 al.: coloniam deduxit adscriptis veteranis,

    Suet. Ner. 9;

    so also of ambassadors,

    Phaedr. 4, 17, 16.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To reckon or number in a class, include among:

    adscripsit Liber Satyris poëtas,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 4 (cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 13:

    scribe tui gregis hunc): aliquem ordinibus deorum,

    id. C. 3, 3, 35:

    nationes Germanis an Sarmatis adscribam, dubito,

    Tac. G. 46:

    aliquem antiquis temporibus,

    id. Or. 17.—
    2.
    To add or join to:

    ad hoc genus ascribamus etiam narrationes apologorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 264:

    admiratus eorum fidem tyrannus petivit, ut se ad amicitiam tertium adscriberent,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 45; so id. Tusc. 5, 22, 63; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 5:

    tu vero ascribe me in talem numerum,

    id. Phil. 2, 13:

    suae alicujus sententiam,

    id. Opt. Gen. 6:

    unus A. Gabinius belli maritimi Cn. Pompeio socius ascribitur, i. e. additur,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19 fin. —Hence also of attributes of a deity:

    Jovi aquila adscribitur,

    is ascribed, Plin. 10, 5, 6, § 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adscribo

  • 97 adsertio

    assertĭo ( ads-), ōnis, f. [2. assero].
    I.
    Lit. (acc. to 2. assero, I. A.), a formal declaration that one is a freeman or a slave:

    adsertio tam a servitute in libertatem, quam a libertate in servitium trahi significat,

    Prisc. p. 1208 P.; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 72 fin.:

    perfusoriae adsertiones,

    unauthorized declarations of freedom, Suet. Dom. 8:

    sitne liber qui est in adsertione,

    Quint. 3, 6, 57:

    ut in reis deportatis et adsertione secundā (i. e. judicio secundo, in quo adsertor de libertate agit),

    id. 5, 2, 1; so also id. 11, 1, 78; cf. Cod. Just. 7, 17, 1.—
    II.
    In gen., an assertion (late Lat.), Arn. 1, p. 18:

    deorum adsertio religiosa,

    an assertion of the existence of the gods, id. 4, p. 141.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adsertio

  • 98 adspergo

    1.
    a-spergo ( adsp-, Ritschl, Jan; asp-, others; in MSS. sometimes aspar-go, v. Cort. ad Luc. 1, 384, and Wagner ad Verg. G. 3, 419, and infra examples from Lucr. and Hor.; cf. 2. aspergo), ersi, ersum, 3, v. a. [spargo].
    I.
    Aliquid (alicui rei), to scatter, strew something on something; or of liquids, to sprinkle, spatter over (syn.: adfundo, inicio; never in Ovid, but he often uses the simple spargo).
    A.
    Lit.:

    aequor Ionium glaucis aspargit virus ab undis,

    Lucr. 1, 719 Lachm.:

    Ah! adspersisti aquam, Jam rediit animus,

    you have dashed water on me, have revived me, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 15:

    Euax, adspersisti aquam,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 13:

    guttam bulbo (with a play upon the names Gutta and Bulbus),

    Cic. Clu. 26, 71:

    pigmenta in tabulā,

    id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    corpus ejus adustum adspergunt aliis carnibus,

    Plin. 8, 38, 57, § 136:

    liquor adspersus oculis,

    id. 12, 8, 18, § 34:

    Bubus glandem tum adspergi convenit,

    id. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

    corpus floribus aspersis veneratus est,

    Suet. Aug. 18:

    pecori virus aspergere,

    to infect, poison, Verg. G. 3, 419:

    aspergens cinerem capiti,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 13, 15:

    huc tu jussos asperge sapores,

    Verg. G. 4, 62:

    Non nihil aspersis gaudet Amor lacrimis,

    Prop. 1, 12, 16:

    sanguinem aspergere,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 29, 24:

    nivem,

    ib. Eccli. 43, 19.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    cum clarissimo viro non nullam laudatione tuā labeculam aspergas,

    fasten upon, Cic. Vatin. 17, 41:

    ne qua ex tuā summā indignitate labes illius dignitati aspersa videatur,

    id. ib. 6, 15:

    notam alicui,

    Dig. 37, 14, 17 fin. (cf.:

    allinere notam,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17).—So of an inheritance, to bestow, bequeath something to, to set apart for:

    Aebutio sextulam aspergit,

    Cic. Caecin. 6, 17.— Poet.:

    alas: lacteus extentas aspergit circulus alas,

    Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 175.—In gen., to add to, to join, = adjungere:

    si illius (sc. Catonis majoris) comitatem et facilitatem tuae gravitati severitatique asperseris,

    Cic. Mur. 31 fin.:

    huic generi orationis aspergentur etiam sales,

    id. Or. 26, 87; id. ad Q. Fr. 2, 10:

    hos aspersi, ut scires etc.,

    id. Fam. 2, 16 fin. —
    II.
    Aliquem or aliquid aliquā re (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 362; Zumpt, Gr. § 418), to strew some person or thing with something, to splash over, besprinkle, bespatter, bedew, lit. and trop.
    A.
    Lit.:

    ah, guttulā Pectus ardens mihi adspersisti (cf. supra, aquam),

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 28:

    quas (sedes) nec nubila nimbis Aspergunt,

    Lucr. 3, 20:

    ne aram sanguine aspergeret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88; so Vulg. 4 Reg. 9, [p. 175] 33; ib. Apoc. 19, 13:

    sanguine mensas,

    Ov. M. 5, 40; and with de:

    asperget de sanguine ejus (turturis) parietem altaris,

    Vulg. Lev. 5, 9:

    vaccam semine,

    Liv. 41, 13:

    Vinxit et aspersas altera vitta comas,

    the sprinkled hair, Prop. 5, 11, 34 (Müller, † acceptas):

    imbre lutoque Aspersus,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 12 K. and H.; Claud. B. Gild. 494:

    aquā,

    Vulg. Num. 8, 7; ib. 2 Macc. 1, 21:

    hyssopo,

    ib. Psa. 50, 9:

    cinere,

    ib. Jer. 25, 34:

    terrā,

    ib. 2 Macc. 10, 25 al.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    (Mons Idae) primo parvis urbibus aspersus erat,

    dotted over with, Mel. 1, 18, 2:

    aures gemitu,

    to fill, Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 1:

    auditiunculā quādam aspersus, i. e. imbutus,

    instructed, Gell. 13, 19, 5:

    aspersi corda a conscientiā malā,

    Vulg. Heb. 10, 22.—Esp., to spot, stain, sully, defile, asperse:

    hunc tu vitae splendorem maculis aspergis istis?

    Cic. Planc. 12, 30; so also absol.:

    leviter aspersus,

    id. Fam. 6, 6, 9:

    istius facti non modo suspitione, sed ne infamiā quidem est aspersus,

    id. Cael. 10; so Liv. 23, 30:

    aspergebatur etiam infamiā, quod, etc.,

    Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.; so Suet. Ner. 3: aliquem linguā, Auct. ad Her. 4, 49, 62:

    e quibus unus amet quāvis aspargere cunctos, i. e. quibusvis dicteriis perstringere, laedere,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 87 K. and H.
    2.
    aspergo (Merk., Müller, Strüb.; in MSS. sometimes aspargo, Lachm., Rib., e. g. Verg. A. 3, 534, acc. to Non. p. 405, 5, and Vel. Long. p. 2234 P.; v. 1. aspergo), ĭnis, f. (in the ante-class. per. com. acc. to Prisc. p. 658 P.) [1. aspergo].
    I.
    A sprinkling, besprinkling (most freq. in the poets, never in Cic., who uses aspersio, q. v.):

    aspergo aquarum,

    Ov. M. 7, 108:

    aquae,

    Petr. 102, 15:

    (Peneus) Nubila conducit, summasque aspergine silvas Impluit,

    Ov. M. 1, 572:

    sanguis virides aspergine tinxerat herbas,

    id. ib. 3, 86;

    3, 683 al.: Aspergine et gelu pruinisque (lapides) rumpuntur,

    Plin. 36, 22, 48, § 167:

    parietum,

    the moisture, sweat, upon walls, Cato, R. R. 128; so Vitr. 5, 11, 1, and Plin. 22, 21, 30, § 63.— Trop.:

    omni culparum aspergine liber,

    Prud. Apoth. 1005.—
    II.
    Meton. (abstr. for concr.), that which is sprinkled, drops:

    hic ubi sol radiis.... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspargine contra,

    opposite to the falling rain, Lucr. 6, 525 Lachm.:

    Objectae salsā spumant aspargine cautes,

    the spray, Verg. A. 3, 534:

    Flammiferā gemini fumant aspergine postes,

    Ov. M. 14, 796:

    maduere graves aspergine pennae,

    id. ib. 4, 729:

    arborei fetus aspergine caedis in atram Vertuntur faciem,

    by means of the sprinkled blood, id. ib. 4, 125 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adspergo

  • 99 aes

    aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].
    I.
    Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,
    a.
    Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    aeris flos,

    flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    squama aeris,

    scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.:

    aes fundere,

    Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94:

    conflare et temperare,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

    India neque aes neque plumbum habet,

    id. 34, 17, 48, § 163:

    aurum et argentum et aes,

    Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.—
    b.
    An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6:

    simulacrum ex aere factum,

    Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15:

    valvas ex aere factitavere,

    id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.—Hence:

    ducere aliquem ex aere,

    to cast one's image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.:

    ducere aera,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240:

    aes Corinthium,

    Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    (Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. ( statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.):

    Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc.,

    Lucr. 5, 1287:

    quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere ( with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165:

    non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,

    Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.—
    B.
    Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined:

    aes signatum,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43;

    so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49:

    ancilla aere suo empta,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. [p. 61] 345:

    gravis aere dextra,

    Verg. E. 1, 36:

    effusum est aes tuum,

    Vulg. Ez. 16, 36:

    neque in zona aes (tollerent),

    ib. Maarc. 6, 8:

    etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus,

    Dig. 50, 16, 159.—Hence,
    1.
    Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2:

    habere aes alienum,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 6:

    aes alienum amicorum suscipere,

    to take upon one's self, id. Off. 2, 16:

    contrahere,

    to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    facere,

    id. Att. 13, 46:

    conflare,

    Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:

    in aes alienum incidere,

    to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9:

    in aere alieno esse,

    to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so,

    aere alieno oppressum esse,

    id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2:

    laborare ex aere alieno,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22:

    liberare se aere alieno,

    to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so,

    aes alienum dissolvere,

    id. Sull. 56:

    aere alieno exire,

    to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.—
    2.
    In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation):

    in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.—
    * 3.
    Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.—
    * 4.
    In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.—
    C.
    Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out):

    denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit,

    Liv. 5, 12:

    indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data,

    id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium:

    aeris miliens, triciens,

    a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10:

    qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset,

    Liv. 24, 11.—Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.):

    nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans),

    Juv. 2, 152 (cf.:

    dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).—
    D.
    Wages, pay.
    1.
    A soldier's pay = stipendium:

    negabant danda esse aera militibus,

    Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.— Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.—
    2.
    Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.—
    E.
    In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aes

  • 100 aio

    āio, verb. defect. The forms in use are: pres. indic. āio, ăis, ait—aiunt; subj. aias, aiat—aiant; imperf. indic. throughout, aiebam, aiebas, etc.; imper. ai, rare; part. pres. aiens, rare; once in App. M. 6, p. 178 Elm.; and once as P. a. in Cic. Top. 11, 49, v. below. Cic. wrote the pres. aiio, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 11.—From ais with the interrog. part. ne, ain is used in colloquial language. For imperf. also aibas, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 28; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 22:

    aibat,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 33; 5, 2, 16:

    aibant,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 175; 4, 2, 102; Ter. And. 3, 3, 3; ai is dissyl., but in the imper. also monosyl., Plaut. Truc. 5, 49; cf. Bentl. ad Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 5. Acc. to Prisc. 818 P., the pres. ait seems to take the place of a perf., but acc. to Val. Prob. 1482 P., there was a real perf. ai, aisti, ait;

    as aisti,

    Aug. Ep. 54 and 174:

    aierunt,

    Tert. Fuga in Persec. 6; the pres. inf. aiere is found in Aug. Trin. 9, 10 [cf. êmi = I say; Sanscr. perf. 3d sing. āha = he spake; ad ag ium, ad ag io; negare for ne ig are; Umbr. ai tu = dicito; Engl. aye = yea, yes, and Germ. ja], to say yes, to assent (opp. nego, to say no; with the ending - tumo, aiutumo; contract. autumo; opp. negumo; v. autumo).
    I.
    In gen.: vel ai vel nega, Naev. ap. Prisc. 473 P.:

    veltu mihi aias vel neges,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 14:

    negat quis? nego. Ait? aio,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 21:

    Diogenes ait, Antipater negat,

    Cic. Off. 3, 23:

    quasi ego id curem, quid ille aiat aut neget,

    id. Fin. 2, 22; so id. Rab. Post. 12, 34.—
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    To say, affirm, or assert something (while dicere signifies to speak in order to inform, and affirmare, to speak in affirmation, Doed. Syn. 4, 6 sq.—Therefore different from inquam, I say, I reply, since aio is commonly used in indirect, and inquam in direct discourse; cf. Doed. as cited above; Herz. ad Sall. C. 48, 3; and Ramsh. Gr. 800).
    a.
    In indirect discourse: insanam autem illam (sc. esse) aiunt, quia, etc., Pac. ap. Cic. Her. 2, 23, 36; Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 3: Ch. Hodie uxorem ducis? Pa. Aiunt, they say so, id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

    ait hac laetitiā Deiotarum elatum vino se obruisse,

    Cic. Deiot. 9:

    debere eum aiebat, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 18:

    Tarquinium a Cicerone immissum aiebant,

    Sall. C. 48, 8:

    Vos sapere et solos aio bene vivere,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 45; id. S. 1, 2, 121; id. Ep. 1, 1, 88; 1, 7, 22.—
    b.
    In direct discourse: Ennio delector, ait quispiam, quod non discedit a communi more verborum;

    Pacuvio, inquit alius,

    Cic. Or. 11, 36:

    Vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque, etc.,

    Verg. A. 2, 639; 6, 630; 7, 121;

    12, 156: O fortunati mercatores! gravis annis Miles ait,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 4; id. Ep. 1, 15, 40; 1, 16, 47; id. S. 2, 7, 72; 1, 3, 22.—
    c.
    With acc.:

    Causa optumast, Nisi quid pater ait aliud,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 47:

    Admirans ait haec,

    Cat. 5, 3, 4; 63, 84:

    Haec ait,

    Verg. A. 1, 297; v. B.—
    B.
    Simply to speak, and esp. in the form of transition, sic ait, thus he speaks or says (cf. the Hom. hôs phato):

    Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat,

    Verg. A. 1, 142; 5, 365; 9, 749.—

    Also of what follows: Sic ait in molli fixa toro cubitum: “Tandem,” etc.,

    Prop. 1, 3, 34.—
    C.
    Ut ait quispiam (regularly in this order in Cic.), in quoting an unusual expression, as one says:

    ut ait Statius noster in Synephebis,

    Cic. Sen. 7:

    ut ait Homerus,

    id. ib. 10:

    ut ait Theophrastus,

    id. Tusc. 1, 19, 45:

    ut ait Thucydides,

    Nep. Them. 2:

    ut ait Cicero,

    Quint. 7, 1, 51; 8, 6, 73; 9, 4, 40;

    9, 56, 60: ut Cicero ait,

    id. 10, 7, 14; 12, 3, 11:

    ut Demosthenes ait,

    id. 11, 1, 22:

    ut rumor ait,

    Prop. 5, 4, 47: uti mos vester ait, Hor S. 2, 7, 79.—So without def. subject:

    ut ait in Synephebis,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31.—
    D.
    Aiunt, ut aiunt, quemadmodum or quod aiunt, in quoting a proverbial or technical phrase, as they say, as is said, as the saying is (Gr. to legomenon, hôs phasi; Fr. on dit;

    Germ. man sagt), either placed after it or interposed: eum rem fidemque perdere aiunt,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18: ut quimus, aiunt;

    quando, ut volumus, non licet,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 10:

    docebo sus, ut aiunt, oratorem eum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 57:

    Iste claudus, quemadmodum aiunt, pilam,

    id. Pis. 28 B. and K. —Also in telling an anecdote:

    conspexit, ut aiunt, Adrasum quendam vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; 1, 17, 18.—
    E.
    In judic. lang.: ait lex, ait praetor, etc., the law, the prœtor says, i. e. prescribes, commands:

    ut ait lex Julia,

    Dig. 24, 3, 64:

    Praetor ait, in eadem causā eum exhibere, etc.,

    ib. 2, 9, 1:

    Aiunt aediles, qui mancipia vendunt, etc.,

    ib. 21, 1, 1:

    Ait oratio, fas esse eum, etc.,

    ib. 24, 1, 32 al. —
    F.
    Ain? = aisne? also often strengthened: ain tu? ain tute? ain tandem? ain vero? in conversational lang., a form of interrogation which includes the idea of surprise or wonder, sometimes also of reproof or sorrow, do you really mean so? indeed? really? is it possible? often only an emphatic what? Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 73: Merc. Servus esne an liber? Sos. Utcumque animo conlibitumst meo. Merc. Ain vero? Sos. Aio enim vero, id. ib. 3, 4, 188; id. Am. 1, 1, 128: Phil. Pater, inquam, aderit jam hic meus. Call. Ain tu, pater? id. Most. 2, 1, 36; id. Ep. 5, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 2, 9; id. Curc. 2, 3, 44; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 1; id. Eun. 3, 5, 19 al:

    Ain tu? Scipio hic Metellus proavum suum nescit censorem non fuisse?

    Cic. Att. 6, 1; 4, 5 al.:

    ain tute,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 90:

    ain tandem ita esse, ut dicis?

    id. Aul. 2, 4, 19; so id. As. 5, 2, 47; id. Trin. 4, 2, 145; Ter. And. 5, 3, 4:

    ain tandem? insanire tibi videris, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 21 Manut.; id. Att. 6, 2.—Also with a plur. verb (cf. age with plur. verb, s. v. ago, IV. a.):

    ain tandem? inquit, num castra vallata non habetis?

    Liv. 10, 25.—
    G.
    Quid ais? (as in conversation).—
    a.
    With the idea of surprise, astonishment, Ti legeis (cf. Quid dixisti? Ter. And. 3, 4, 14; id. Eun. 5, 6, 16, Ti eipas); what do you say? what? Merc. Quis herus est igitur tibi? Sos. Amphitruo, quicum nuptast Alcumena. Merc. Quid ais? Quid nomen tibist? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 208; so Ter. And. 4, 1, 42; id. Heaut. 5, 1, 27.—
    b.
    When one asks [p. 79] another for his meaning, opinion, or judgment, what do you mean? what do you say or think? Th. Ita me di ament, honestust. Pa. Quid tu ais, Gnatho? Num quid habes, quod contemnas? Quid tu autem, Thraso? Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 21: Hunc ais? Do you mean this man? (= dicis, q. v., II.) Pers. 4, 27.—
    c.
    When one wishes to try or prove another, what is your opinion? what do you say? Sed quid ais? quid Amphitruoni [dono] a Telebois datumst? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 262.—Hence, * āiens, entis, P. a., affirming, affirmative (usu. affirmativus):

    negantia contraria aientibus,

    Cic. Top. 11, 49.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aio

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