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initial+training+group

Толкование Перевод

1 Commander, Initial Training Group

Abbreviation: CITG (UK)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Commander, Initial Training Group
2 training

[̈ɪˈtreɪnɪŋ]

accelerated vocational training ускоренная профподготовка adaptation training адаптационная профподготовка adjustment training дополнительная подготовка (работников, которые нуждаются в повышении квалификации из-за происходящих перемен в требованиях к их профессиональным навыкам) advanced training повышение квалификации advanced vocational training повышение квалификации all-round training разносторонняя подготовка alternating training попеременное обучение (основным принципом котрого является чередование обучения в учебном заведении с практическими занятиями на производстве) basic training базовая профподготовка basic training начальная подготовка basic training основной курс обучения basic vocational training начальное профессиональное обучение bridging training дополнительное профобучение business training обучение торгово-промышленной деятельности career training профессиональная подготовка с целью занятия более высокого поста или совершенствования мастерства competency based training обучение в соответствии с успехами continuing vocational training непрерывная профподготовка elementary training начальное обучение family training семейное обучение, обучение ремеслу на семейном предприятии formal training формальное обучение; обучение в школе, училище и т. д. further training дальнейшее образование further training дальнейшее профобучение; дополнительная профподготовка; специальная подготовка; переквалификация further training повышение квалификации group training групповое обучение; метод коллективного обучения in-plant training профподготовка на производстве in-service training подготовка на рабочем месте в третичном секторе (банки, страховые компаниии, государственные и общественные учереждения) individualized training индивидуализированное обучение induction training вводное обучение initial training начальная профподготовка (для получения работы) institutional training профподготовка в специальном учебном заведении (профшкола, техническое училище) interplant training межзаводская профподготовка job-related training профподготовка связанная в определенным видом работы legal training правовое обучение maternity training обучение беременных женщин перед родами mobile training передвижная школа профподготовки modular training модульная профподготовка (содержание подготовки разбито на отдельные автономные модули) non-formal training неформальная профподготовка (гибкие программы профподготовки) occupational training профессиональное обучение off-the-job training профподготовка вне рабочего места; подготовка вне предприятия или в специально отведенном месте на предприятии training обучение; on-the-job training обучение по месту работы on-the-job training обучение без отрыва от производства on-the-job training обучение на рабочем месте on-the-job training профобучение на работе (путем выполнения обычной работы на рабочем месте под контролем опытного специалиста) personal adjustment training подготовка включающая личную адаптацию к новой работе polyvalent vocational training поливалентное профессиональное обучение (дающий возможно более широкое базовое обучение) practical training практическая подготовка practical training практическая профподготовка; обучение с применением практических упражнений practical training практическия занятия practical training практическое обучение practical work training практическое трудовое обучение; практическая деятельность в области профессиональной подготовки prevocational training предпрофессиональная подготовка professional training профессиональное обучение recurrent training возвратная профподготовка (полученное знание неоднократно применяется на практике) refresher training профобучение; освежение профессиональных знаний safety training профподготовка по безопасности труда sandwich training попеременное обучение (в учебном заведении и на предприятии) sectoral training отраслевое профобучение simulation training имитационная профподготовка (с помощью моделей, макетов машин или оборудования) specialist training подготовка специалистов specialized training специализированное обучение staff training обучение персонала technical training техническое обучение training pres. p. от train training воспитание training воспитание training дрессировка training обучение; on-the-job training обучение по месту работы training обучение training подготовка training тренировка training тренировочный, учебный training by stage поэтапная профподготовка training for the trainable профподготовка для тех кто способен ее воспринять training needs analysis анлиз потребности в профподготовке training of trainers подготовка инструкторов training with production обучение в процессе производства training within the underworking профподготовка на предприятии vocational training профессиональная подготовка vocational training профессиональное обучение vocational training специальное образование vocational: vocational профессиональный; vocational school ремесленное училище; vocational training профессиональное обучение; профессионально-техническое образование work adjustment training профподготовка с целью получения занятости в новых условиях

English-Russian short dictionary > training
3 training

̈ɪˈtreɪnɪŋ
1. сущ.
1) воспитание
2) обучение (in) to get, receive training ≈ тренироваться, обучаться, учиться to give, provide training ≈ тренировать, обучать assertiveness training ≈ обучение уверенности в себе thorough training ≈ основательное обучение toilet training ≈ приучение к опрятности, обучение пользоваться горшком hands-on training in the use of computers ≈ практические занятия по пользованию компьютером basic training by training hands-on training in-service training intense training manual training military training on-the-job training physical training voice training
3) тренировка Syn: coaching
4) дрессировка ∙ Syn: discipline, drill, exercise, practice sensitivity training
2. прил. тренировочный, учебный Syn: practice, educational воспитание;
формирование - character * формирование характера обучение;
подготовка;
образование - military * военная подготовка - vocational * профессиональное обучение - further * повышение квалификации - under * проходящий подготовку - on-the-job * обучение по месту работы - the * of teachers подготовка учителей - * of mind and body умственное и физическое воспитание - nurses in * лица, готовящиеся стать медсестрами - students in higher * студенты старших курсов (профессиональная) выучка, образование;
познания, знания - a historian by * историк по образованию - his * in the classics его знание классиков тренировка - * manager тренер - * spells( спортивное) периоды тренировки;
тренировочные занятия - bridge * упражнения в положении "мост" (борьба) - * for a football match тренировка перед футбольным матчем - to go into * начать тренироваться - the football team is in * for the big game футбольная команда тренируется перед крупной игрой занятие( по физической подготовке) дрессировка - * of horses выездка лошадей - to go in for the * of dogs заниматься дрессировкой собак (спортивное) тренированность, подготовленность;
(спортивная) форма - to be in first-rate * for a race быть прекрасно подготовленным к состязанию в беге - to be out of * быть не в форме, быть в плохой форме - he was in perfect * он достиг пика формы (садоводчество) формирование (плодовых деревьев) (военное) наводка( орудия) учебный - * aids учебные пособия - * airplane учебный самолет - * assembly( военное) учебные сборы - * camp (военное) учебный лагерь - * equipment( военное) учебное снаряжение, учебное имущество и оборудование - * period( военное) учебный сбор тренировочный - * suit тренировочный костюм accelerated vocational ~ ускоренная профподготовка adaptation ~ адаптационная профподготовка adjustment ~ дополнительная подготовка (работников, которые нуждаются в повышении квалификации из-за происходящих перемен в требованиях к их профессиональным навыкам) advanced ~ повышение квалификации advanced vocational ~ повышение квалификации all-round ~ разносторонняя подготовка alternating ~ попеременное обучение (основным принципом котрого является чередование обучения в учебном заведении с практическими занятиями на производстве) basic ~ базовая профподготовка basic ~ начальная подготовка basic ~ основной курс обучения basic vocational ~ начальное профессиональное обучение bridging ~ дополнительное профобучение business ~ обучение торгово-промышленной деятельности career ~ профессиональная подготовка с целью занятия более высокого поста или совершенствования мастерства competency based ~ обучение в соответствии с успехами continuing vocational ~ непрерывная профподготовка elementary ~ начальное обучение family ~ семейное обучение, обучение ремеслу на семейном предприятии formal ~ формальное обучение;
обучение в школе, училище и т. д. further ~ дальнейшее образование further ~ дальнейшее профобучение;
дополнительная профподготовка;
специальная подготовка;
переквалификация further ~ повышение квалификации group ~ групповое обучение;
метод коллективного обучения in-plant ~ профподготовка на производстве in-service ~ подготовка на рабочем месте в третичном секторе (банки, страховые компаниии, государственные и общественные учереждения) individualized ~ индивидуализированное обучение induction ~ вводное обучение initial ~ начальная профподготовка (для получения работы) institutional ~ профподготовка в специальном учебном заведении (профшкола, техническое училище) interplant ~ межзаводская профподготовка job-related ~ профподготовка связанная в определенным видом работы legal ~ правовое обучение maternity ~ обучение беременных женщин перед родами mobile ~ передвижная школа профподготовки modular ~ модульная профподготовка (содержание подготовки разбито на отдельные автономные модули) non-formal ~ неформальная профподготовка (гибкие программы профподготовки) occupational ~ профессиональное обучение off-the-job ~ профподготовка вне рабочего места;
подготовка вне предприятия или в специально отведенном месте на предприятии ~ обучение;
on-the-job training обучение по месту работы on-the-job ~ обучение без отрыва от производства on-the-job ~ обучение на рабочем месте on-the-job ~ профобучение на работе (путем выполнения обычной работы на рабочем месте под контролем опытного специалиста) personal adjustment ~ подготовка включающая личную адаптацию к новой работе polyvalent vocational ~ поливалентное профессиональное обучение (дающий возможно более широкое базовое обучение) practical ~ практическая подготовка practical ~ практическая профподготовка;
обучение с применением практических упражнений practical ~ практическия занятия practical ~ практическое обучение practical work ~ практическое трудовое обучение;
практическая деятельность в области профессиональной подготовки prevocational ~ предпрофессиональная подготовка professional ~ профессиональное обучение recurrent ~ возвратная профподготовка (полученное знание неоднократно применяется на практике) refresher ~ профобучение;
освежение профессиональных знаний safety ~ профподготовка по безопасности труда sandwich ~ попеременное обучение (в учебном заведении и на предприятии) sectoral ~ отраслевое профобучение simulation ~ имитационная профподготовка (с помощью моделей, макетов машин или оборудования) specialist ~ подготовка специалистов specialized ~ специализированное обучение staff ~ обучение персонала technical ~ техническое обучение training pres. p. от train ~ воспитание ~ воспитание ~ дрессировка ~ обучение;
on-the-job training обучение по месту работы ~ обучение ~ подготовка ~ тренировка ~ тренировочный, учебный ~ by stage поэтапная профподготовка ~ for the trainable профподготовка для тех кто способен ее воспринять ~ needs analysis анлиз потребности в профподготовке ~ of trainers подготовка инструкторов ~ with production обучение в процессе производства ~ within the underworking профподготовка на предприятии vocational ~ профессиональная подготовка vocational ~ профессиональное обучение vocational ~ специальное образование vocational: vocational профессиональный;
vocational school ремесленное училище;
vocational training профессиональное обучение;
профессионально-техническое образование work adjustment ~ профподготовка с целью получения занятости в новых условиях

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > training
4 CITG

Сокращение: Commander, Initial Training Group (UK)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CITG
5 trabajo

m.

1 work.

una casa tan grande da mucho trabajo a big house like that is a lot of work

hacer un buen trabajo to do a good job

ser un trabajo de chinos (informal figurative) to be a finicky job

trabajo de campo field work

trabajo en o de equipo teamwork

trabajo físico physical effort

trabajo intelectual mental effort

trabajo manual manual labor

trabajos forzados o forzosos hard labor

trabajo de oficina office work

trabajo social social work

trabajo sucio dirty work

trabajo temporal temporary work

2 job (empleo).

buscar/encontrar trabajo to look for/find work o a job

no tener trabajo to be out of work

3 work (place).

en el trabajo at work

ir al trabajo to go to work

4 essay (escrito) (por estudiante).

5 labor (economics & politics).

6 effort (esfuerzo).

costar mucho trabajo to take a lot of effort

tomarse el trabajo de hacer algo to go to o take the trouble of doing something

7 work place, job, workplace.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: trabajar.

* * *

trabajo

► nombre masculino

1 (ocupación) work

2 (tarea) task, job

3 (empleo) job, employment

4 (esfuerzo) effort

5 EDUCACIÓN report, paper

► nombre masculino plural trabajos

1 figurado (penalidades) hardships

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ahorrarse el trabajo to save oneself the trouble

con gran trabajo / con mucho trabajo with great effort

cuesta trabajo... it's hard to...

■ cuesta trabajo aceptarlo it's hard to accept it

estar sin trabajo to be out of work

ir al trabajo to go to work

sin trabajo (fácilmente) easily

tomarse el trabajo de to take the trouble to

puesto de trabajo job

trabajo a destajo piecework

trabajo de chinos familiar very intricate work, time-consuming work

trabajo de equipo teamwork

trabajo de media jornada part-time job

trabajo eventual casual labour (US labor)

trabajo intelectual brainwork

trabajo por turno / trabajo por turnos shiftwork

trabajos forzados / trabajos forzosos hard labour (US labor) sing

trabajos manuales arts and crafts, handicrafts

* * *

noun m.

1) work, job

2) labor

3) effort

* * *

SM

1) (=labor) work

tengo mucho trabajo — I have a lot of work

me queda trabajo para una hora — I have an hour's work left

¡buen trabajo! — good work!

en reconocimiento a su trabajo como actor — in recognition of his work as an actor

tiene una enorme capacidad de trabajo — she's a very willing worker

planchar la ropa es el trabajo que menos me gusta — the ironing is the job I like least

a veces le sale algún que otro trabajillo — he gets odd jobs now and then

• el trabajo de la casa — the housework

• ropa de trabajo — work clothes

• estar sin trabajo — to be unemployed

los que están sin trabajo — the unemployed

quedarse sin trabajo — to find o.s. out of work, lose one's job

- ¡esto es un trabajo de chinos!

trabajo a destajo — piecework

trabajo de campo, trabajo en el terreno — fieldwork

trabajo en equipo — teamwork

trabajo intelectual — brainwork

trabajo manual — manual labour, manual labor (EEUU)

trabajo nocturno — night work

trabajo por turnos — shiftwork

trabajos forzados — hard labour sing, hard labor (EEUU) sing

trabajos manuales — (Escol) handicrafts

trabajo social — social work

trabajo sucio — dirty work

2) (tb: puesto de trabajo) job

le han ofrecido un trabajo en el banco — he's been offered a job at the bank

tengo un trabajo de media jornada — I have a job working half-days

no encuentro trabajo — I can't find work o a job

trabajo eventual — temporary job

trabajo fijo — permanent job

3) (tb: lugar de trabajo) work

vivo cerca de mi trabajo — I live near work o near my workplace

está en el trabajo — she's at work

me puedes llamar al trabajo — you can call me at work

ir al trabajo — to go to work

4) (=esfuerzo)

lo hizo con mucho trabajo — it cost him a lot of effort to do it

han sido muchos años de trabajo para ganar el pleito — it has taken many years' hard work to win the lawsuit

• ahorrarse el trabajo — to save o.s. the trouble

• costar trabajo, le cuesta trabajo hacerlo — he finds it hard to do

me cuesta trabajo decir que no — I find it hard to say no

• dar trabajo, reparar la casa nos ha dado mucho trabajo — it was hard work o a real job repairing the house

los niños pequeños dan mucho trabajo — small children are a lot of work

• tomarse el trabajo de hacer algo — to take the trouble to do sth

- trabajo te doy, trabajo te mando

5) (=obra) (Arte, Literat) work; (Educ) essay; [de investigación] study

uno de los mejores trabajos del arquitecto — one of the architect's greatest works

tengo que entregar dos trabajos mañana — I have to hand in two essays tomorrow

6) (Econ)

a) (=mano de obra) labour, labor (EEUU)

b) (tb: Ministerio de Trabajo) ≈ Department of Employment, ≈ Department of Labor (EEUU)

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( empleo) job

conseguir trabajo — to get o find work, to get o find a job

buscar trabajo — to look for work o for a job

quedarse sin trabajo — to lose one's job

no tiene trabajo fijo — he doesn't have a steady job

un trabajo de media jornada or (AmL) de medio tiempo or (Esp) a tiempo parcial — a part-time job

trabajo de jornada completa or de or a tiempo completo — full-time work o job

b) ( lugar) work

está en el trabajo — she's at work

ir al trabajo — to go to work

2) (actividad, labor) work

requiere años de trabajo — it takes years of work

trabajo en equipo — teamwork

el trabajo de la casa — housework

este bordado tiene mucho trabajo — a lot of work has gone into this embroidery

los niños dan mucho trabajo — children are hard work

buen trabajo! — well done!

fue premiado por su trabajo en esa película — he was given an award for his performance in that movie

- trabajo a destajo

- trabajo a reglamento

- trabajo de campo

- trabajo de chinos

- trabajo de parto

- trabajo de práctica

- trabajos forzados

- trabajos manuales

- trabajo voluntario

3)

a) ( tarea) job

limpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio — cleaning the oven is a job o chore I hate

b) ( obra escrita) piece of work

hice un trabajo sobre Lorca — I did a paper on Lorca

4) ( esfuerzo)

con mucho trabajo consiguió levantarse — with great effort she managed to get up

me cuesta trabajo creerlo — I find it hard to believe

se tomó/dio el trabajo de venir — she took the trouble to come

5) (Econ) labor*

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( empleo) job

conseguir trabajo — to get o find work, to get o find a job

buscar trabajo — to look for work o for a job

quedarse sin trabajo — to lose one's job

no tiene trabajo fijo — he doesn't have a steady job

un trabajo de media jornada or (AmL) de medio tiempo or (Esp) a tiempo parcial — a part-time job

trabajo de jornada completa or de or a tiempo completo — full-time work o job

b) ( lugar) work

está en el trabajo — she's at work

ir al trabajo — to go to work

2) (actividad, labor) work

requiere años de trabajo — it takes years of work

trabajo en equipo — teamwork

el trabajo de la casa — housework

este bordado tiene mucho trabajo — a lot of work has gone into this embroidery

los niños dan mucho trabajo — children are hard work

buen trabajo! — well done!

fue premiado por su trabajo en esa película — he was given an award for his performance in that movie

- trabajo a destajo

- trabajo a reglamento

- trabajo de campo

- trabajo de chinos

- trabajo de parto

- trabajo de práctica

- trabajos forzados

- trabajos manuales

- trabajo voluntario

3)

a) ( tarea) job

limpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio — cleaning the oven is a job o chore I hate

b) ( obra escrita) piece of work

hice un trabajo sobre Lorca — I did a paper on Lorca

4) ( esfuerzo)

con mucho trabajo consiguió levantarse — with great effort she managed to get up

me cuesta trabajo creerlo — I find it hard to believe

se tomó/dio el trabajo de venir — she took the trouble to come

5) (Econ) labor*

* * *

trabajo¹

¹ = employment, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], job, labour [labor, -USA], leg work, occupation, task, work, working environment, workload [work load], pursuit, workmanship, footwork, handwork, professional position, working practice, pursuit in life, handiwork, lifework, line of business, toil, industry.

Ex: Under WOMEN -- EMPLOYMENT, for instance, are listed works on the health and safety hazards of employment, the wages of employment, the problems of mothers, married and/or single women and employment, and so on.

Ex: Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.

Ex: To ease the cataloguer's job and save him the trouble of counting characters, DOBIS/LIBIS uses a special function.

Ex: An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.

Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.

Ex: Headings such as SALESMEN AND SALESMANSHIP and FIREMEN, since they are assigned to works covering the activities of both men and women in these occupations, are not specific.

Ex: Further, menu screens will be necessary until the user has specified the task that he wishes executed or the information that he wishes to retrieve sufficiently for execution or retrieval to be effected.

Ex: The Classification Research Group (CRG) has been a major force in the development of classification theory, and has made a major contribution towards work on a new general classification scheme.

Ex: This article examines the various features now available on copiers and comments on the usefulness in a working environment.

Ex: Each of these changes, if we were to deal with them in an adequate manner, create severe workload problems for the cataloging department.

Ex: What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.

Ex: William R Lethaby, the architect who had Westminster Abbey in his charge for over twenty years, once said 'Art is thoughtful workmanship'.

Ex: If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.

Ex: The newspaper's suppression after the first issue was not, as some historians have declared, the handwork of Massachusetts' Puritan clergy = La supresión del periódico después de su primer número no fue, como algunos historiadores han declarado, por la intervención del clero puritano de Massachussetts.

Ex: In virtually all of her professional positions she has been involved with the handling of documents.

Ex: While many believe that print on paper will never die, new formats are already changing working practice in many spheres.

Ex: People who are blind, regardless of their pursuit in life, will not have access to current information, books, learning, or education opportunities unless all libraries and blindness organizations agree to work together.

Ex: Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.

Ex: This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.

Ex: The computer people are muscling in on our line of business and we can't stop them.

Ex: Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.

Ex: In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.

* acoso en el trabajo = workplace mobbing.

* agenda de trabajo = work agenda.

* agobiado de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* ahorrar el trabajo de = save + effort in.

* almuerzo de trabajo = work luncheon.

* ámbito de trabajo = field of endeavour.

* amor al trabajo = love of work.

* ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.

* anterior al trabajo = pre-service.

* anuncio de trabajo = help wanted ad, help wanted notice.

* anuncios de trabajo = help-wanted advertising.

* año de trabajo = man year.

* ascender en el trabajo = step up + the career ladder.

* ascenso en el trabajo = job promotion.

* aspirar a un puesto de trabajo = aspire to + position.

* asunto relacionado con el trabajo = work-related issue.

* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.

* basado en el trabajo en equipo = team-based.

* bibliografía de trabajo = working bibliography.

* biblioteconomía especializada en el trabajo de referencia = reference librarianship.

* bolsa de trabajo = labour exchange, job opportunities, employment bureau, employment centre, employment opportunity, job centre, job pool.

* borrador de trabajo = working paper.

* buscador de trabajo = job applicant, job seeker.

* buscar trabajo = seek + employment.

* buscar trabajo en la calle = work + the streets.

* campo de trabajo = field of endeavour.

* campo de trabajos forzados = labour camp, forced labour camp.

* cantidad de trabajo = workload [work load].

* carga de trabajo = workload [work load].

* centro de trabajo = workplace.

* cobrar en un trabajo = job + pay.

* comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.

* comida de trabajo = business meal, professional meal.

* compañero de trabajo = co-worker [coworker], male colleague, work colleague, fellow worker.

* complementos del trabajo = fringe benefits, fringes.

* conciliación del trabajo y la familia = reconciliation of work and family.

* con demasiado trabajo = overworked.

* condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.

* condiciones de trabajo = working conditions.

* con mucho trabajo = painfully.

* conseguir un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.

* conseguir un trabajo = enter + job, land + job.

* con trabajo = in post.

* contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.

* contrato de trabajo = contract position.

* conversación de trabajo = shop talk.

* costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.

* costar trabajo = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.

* cualquier trabajo temporal = casual job.

* cubrir un puesto de trabajo = fill + position.

* cuestión relacionada con el trabajo = work-related issue.

* dar permiso en el trabajo = give + time off work.

* dar trabajo = present + burden.

* dedicar trabajo = expend + effort.

* definición de trabajo = working definition.

* dejar a Alguien sin trabajo = put + Nombre + out of work.

* dejar el puesto de trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + post.

* dejar el trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + post, quit + Posesivo + job, jump + ship.

* dejar sin trabajo = put + Nombre + out of work.

* dejar un puesto de trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + position.

* dejar un trabajo = quit, resign + Posesivo + post.

* denominación del puesto de trabajo = job title, occupational title.

* dentro del mismo trabajo = intraoccupational.

* derecho del trabajo = employment law.

* desarrollar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.

* desarrollar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.

* descripción del puesto de trabajo = job description, position description, job profile.

* desempeñar un trabajo = exercise + work.

* despedir del trabajo = make + redundant.

* después del horario de trabajo = after hours [after-hours].

* de trabajo = working.

* día del trabajo = Labour Day.

* día de trabajo = working day.

* día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.

* diario automático de trabajo = time log.

* dignidad del trabajo = dignity of work.

* dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].

* distribución del trabajo = workflow [work flow].

* distribuir el trabajo = spread + the load.

* división del trabajo = division of labour.

* documento de trabajo = working document, working draft.

* eficacia en el trabajo = quality of service.

* elaborar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.

* eliminar puestos de trabajo = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.

* empresa de trabajo = industrial affiliation.

* encomendar un trabajo a Alguien = assign + job.

* encontrar trabajo = find + a job.

* encontrar trabajo en una biblioteca = join + library.

* en el horario de trabajo = on company time.

* en el trabajo = on-the-job, at work.

* enseñanza antes de empezar el trabajo = pre-service education.

* enseñanza en el trabajo = in-service education.

* entorno de trabajo = working environment, work environment.

* entrevista de trabajo = job interview.

* equipo de trabajo = study team, project team, work team.

* esclavo del trabajo = workaholic.

* escribir un trabajo = write + essay.

* espacio de trabajo = workspace.

* específico de un trabajo concreto = job-specific.

* estación de trabajo = workstation [work station], desktop workstation.

* estación de trabajo remota = outstation.

* estadía de trabajo = work visit.

* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.

* estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.

* estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.

* estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.

* estrategia que ahorra trabajo = labour saver.

* estrés en el trabajo = job stress.

* evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.

* excedencia en el trabajo = leave of absence.

* ficha de trabajo = worksheet, project worksheet.

* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.

* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.

* funciones del puesto de trabajo = position + entail + duty.

* grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.

* grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.

* guía de trabajo = working guide.

* hábito de trabajo = work habit, working habit.

* hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.

* hacer + Posesivo + trabajo = get on with + Posesivo + work.

* hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.

* hacer un buen trabajo = do + a good job.

* hacer un trabajo = do + work, do + job.

* hacer un trabajo sobre = do + a project about.

* hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.

* herramienta de trabajo = tool, tool.

* hora de trabajo = man-hour.

* horario de trabajo = hours of operation, working hours, work hours.

* horario intenso de trabajo = long hours, the.

* horarios de trabajo demasiado cargados = over-long hours.

* igualdad de oportunidad en el trabajo = equal employment opportunity.

* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de valor comparable = equal pay for comparable work.

* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de igual valor = equal pay for equal work.

* incentivo en el trabajo = work incentive, labour incentive.

* indicador del trabajo realizado = workload indicator.

* intercambio de puestos de trabajo = job exchange.

* jornada de trabajo = workshop.

* liberar del exceso de trabajo = relieve + overload.

* liberar de trabajo = relieve + pressure.

* línea de trabajo = line of work.

* llamar al trabajo para excusarse por enfermedad = call in + sick.

* llegar tarde al trabajo = be late for work.

* lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.

* lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.

* magistratura del trabajo = industrial tribunal.

* marco de trabajo = framework.

* medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.

* memoria de trabajo = working memory.

* mercado de trabajo = labour market, job market.

* mercado de trabajo, el = employment market, the.

* mesa de trabajo = desk, study table.

* método de trabajo = working method.

* Ministerio de Trabajo = Department of Labor.

* modelo de trabajo = working model, business model.

* mucho trabajo = hard graft.

* negligente en el trabajo = malpractitioner.

* neurosis producida por el trabajo = occupational neurosis.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.

* norma de trabajo = working rule.

* no tener trabajo = be unemployed.

* obtener un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.

* ocupar un puesto de trabajo = assume + position, take up + post, hold + post.

* oferta de trabajo = job advertisement, job offer, help wanted ad, help wanted notice.

* ofertas de trabajo = help-wanted advertising.

* oportunidad de trabajo = career opportunity.

* organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.

* paquete de trabajo = workpackage.

* para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.

* pérdida de puestos de trabajo = squeeze on jobs.

* permiso de trabajo = work permit.

* permuta de trabajo = job exchange.

* persona encargada de hacer los trabajos sucios = hatchetman.

* persona obsesiva con el trabajo = workoholic [workholic], workaholic.

* persona que asigna el trabajo = assigner.

* persona que deja un trabajo = leaver.

* persona que reparte el trabajo = assigner.

* personas sin trabajo remunerado, los = unwaged, the.

* plan de trabajo = research agenda, work plan, working plan, work schedule.

* política de trabajo = policy.

* postura exigida por el trabajo = work posture.

* proceso de trabajo = work process.

* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).

* programa de trabajo = work schedule.

* programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency.

* promoción en el trabajo = job promotion.

* propuesta de trabajo = project proposal.

* proyecto de trabajo = work project.

* puente de trabajo = catwalk.

* puesto de trabajo = appointment, position, post, opening, career path, professional position, position held.

* puesto de trabajo de libre designación = line position.

* puesto de trabajo ocupado = position held.

* puestos de trabajo ocupados = positions held.

* quitar puestos de trabajo = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.

* realizar el trabajo = get + Posesivo + work done.

* realizar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.

* realizar un trabajo = perform + work, undertake + work.

* realizar un trabajo monótono = have + Posesivo + nose to the grindstone.

* red de trabajo = peer-to-peer network.

* relacionado con el trabajo = job-related, work-related.

* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.

* relativo al trabajo = occupational.

* rendimiento en el trabajo = work performance.

* reunión de trabajo = business meeting, business session.

* ropa de trabajo = work clothes.

* rutina de trabajo = work process.

* sala de trabajo = workroom.

* salir del trabajo = clock off + work.

* salud en el trabajo = occupational health.

* satisfacción en el trabajo = job satisfaction, work satisfaction.

* segregación en el trabajo = job segregation, employment segregation.

* seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.

* sesión de trabajo = work session, working session.

* sicología del trabajo = occupational psychology.

* sin trabajo = jobless.

* sobrecargado de trabajo = overworked.

* sociología del trabajo = sociology of work.

* soliciante de trabajo = job applicant.

* solicitud de trabajo = job application.

* superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.

* taller de trabajo = workshop, study school.

* taller de trabajo esclavo = sweatshop.

* taller de trabajo sobre composición = writing workshop.

* tener trabajo para rato = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.

* tener un segundo trabajo = moonlight, work + a second job.

* tener un trabajo = hold down + job.

* tener un trabajo remunerado = be gainfully employed.

* tener un trabajo retribuido = be gainfully employed.

* tensión en el trabajo = job stress.

* tensión producida por el trabajo = occupational stress.

* terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.

* toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.

* tomarse excedencia en el trabajo = take + leave from + employment.

* tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de permiso en el trabajo = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.

* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.

* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.

* trabajo académico = academic work.

* trabajo a destajo = piecework.

* trabajo a distancia = telecommuting, teleworking, telework.

* trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.

* trabajo a medias = job share.

* trabajo artesanal = craftsmanship.

* trabajo a tiempo parcial = part-time work, part-time employment, part-time job.

* trabajo atípico = atypical work.

* trabajo autónomo = self-employment.

* trabajo bibliográfico = bibliographic work.

* trabajo bibliotecario = library work.

* trabajo burocrático = paper-keeping.

* trabajo científico = scientific work, scholarly work.

* trabajo compartido = job sharing.

* trabajo complicado = major exercise.

* trabajo con documentación automatizada = computer-based information work.

* trabajo conjunto = interworking.

* trabajo con ordenador = computer work.

* trabajo cotidiano = daily work.

* trabajo creativo = creative work.

* trabajo de alfabetización = literacy work.

* trabajo de apoyo = escort work.

* trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* trabajo de campo = fieldwork [field work].

* trabajo de catalogación = cataloguing work.

* trabajo de chinos = fiddly [fiddlier -comp., fiddliest -sup.].

* trabajo de clase = term paper, coursework [course work], term project, homework.

* trabajo de detective = sleuthing.

* trabajo de escolta = escort work.

* trabajo de impresión = bookwork.

* trabajo de impresión de material efímero = ephemeral jobbing.

* trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.

* trabajo de investigación = investigative work, research paper, research work.

* trabajo de la casa = housework.

* trabajo de menores = child labour.

* trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.

* trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.

* trabajo de referencia = reference work.

* trabajo desinteresado = labour of love.

* trabajo detectivesco = sleuthing.

* trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.

* trabajo diario = day's work, daily work.

* trabajo doméstico = domestic duty, domestic work, domestic task.

* trabajo duro = hard labour, thirsty work, hard work.

* trabajo duro, mucho trabajo = hard graft.

* trabajo editorial = editorship.

* trabajo en archivística = archives work.

* trabajo en colaboración = interworking.

* trabajo en común = interworking.

* trabajo en curso = work in progress.

* trabajo en equipo = teamwork, collaborative teamwork, team management.

* trabajo en red = networking.

* trabajo en sucio = rough work.

* trabajo entre manos, el = work at hand, the.

* trabajo eventual = jobbing.

* trabajo físico = physical work.

* trabajo improductivo = busywork.

* trabajo individual = independent study, self-study.

* trabajo infantil = child labour, child work.

* trabajo ininterrumpido = continuous work.

* trabajo manual = craft, craft activity, handiwork, manual labour.

* trabajo monótono = drudge work, drudgery.

* trabajo + no faltar = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.

* trabajo no remunerado = unpaid work, unremunerated work.

* trabajo pesado = grind, grinding, donkey work.

* trabajo por cuenta propia = self-employment.

* trabajo por libre = freelance [free-lance].

* trabajo por + Posesivo + cuenta = freelance [free-lance].

* trabajo por turnos = shift work.

* trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.

* trabajo preliminar = groundwork, legwork, spadework [spade work].

* trabajo previo = groundwork, spadework [spade work].

* trabajo remunerado = work-for-hire, paid work, paid labour.

* trabajo rutinario = chore, routine work, mundane task.

* trabajos = life's work.

* trabajos de impresión de material efímero = jobbing work.

* trabajos de rescate = rescue work.

* trabajos forzados = forced labour, hard labour.

* trabajo social = social work.

* trabajo sucio = dirty work.

* trabajo sumergido = informal work.

* trabajo temporal = temporary job, casual job.

* trabajo urgente = hurried work, rush job.

* trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.

* turno de trabajo de atención al usuario = desk duty.

* un trabajo bien hecho = a job well done.

* uso compartido de mesas de trabajo = hot desking.

* útil de trabajo = tool.

* vida en el trabajo = job life.

* visita de trabajo = field trip.

trabajo²

² = assignment, student paper, work, project work, term project.

Nota: Trabajo escrito que debe realizar el estudiante a lo largo de un curso.

Ex: The problems and assignments presented are real problems and assignments, and the people involved are real people, all suitably disguised to protect their identity.

Ex: 5 data collection instruments were used: printouts of data base searches executed by students; a questionnaire; bibliographies from student papers; serial holdings of the university library; and interviews with instructors.

Ex: An authority entry is an entry for which the initial element is the uniform heading for a person, corporate body, or work, as established by the cataloguing agency responsible.

Ex: For instance, if children are doing a project work on dogs, they will hunt out anything and everything that so much as mentions them and the bits thus mined are assiduously transcribed into project folders.

Ex: In 1994, 21 students on an introductory course on communication processes completed analyses of 14 different electronic lists or newsgroups as their term projects.

* impresor de pequeños trabajos = jobbing house, jobbing office, jobbing printer.

* mesa de trabajo = writing desk, work desk.

* preparar un trabajo de clase = research + paper.

* trabajo de clase = essay assignment, class assignment, course assignment, student assignment, written assignment.

* trabajo de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.

* trabajo de restauración = restoration work.

* trabajo editado = published work.

* trabajo escolar = school work [schoolwork].

* trabajo impreso = printed work.

* trabajo publicado = published work.

* trabajos de clase = classroom asignment.

* un trabajo cuqlquiera = casual job.

* * *

trabajo

masculine

A

1

(empleo): conseguir trabajo to get o find work

consiguió un trabajo muy bien pagado he got himself a very well-paid job

hay dos trabajos interesantes en el periódico de hoy there are two interesting vacancies o jobs in today's paper

se fue a la capital a buscar trabajo he went to the capital to look for work o for a job

la pérdida de 200 puestos de trabajo the loss of 200 jobs

se quedó sin trabajo she lost her job, she was made redundant, she was let go ( AmE)

no tiene trabajo fijo he doesn't have a steady job

un trabajo de media jornada a part-time job

buscaba trabajo de jornada completa or a tiempo completo or de tiempo completo I was looking for full-time work o for a full-time job

2 (lugar) work

está en el trabajo she's at work

ir al trabajo to go to work

llámame al trabajo give me a call at work

la estación queda cerca de mi trabajo the station's close to where I work

Compuesto:

trabajo compartido

work-sharing

B (actividad, labor) work

trabajo intelectual intellectual work o brainwork

su capacidad de trabajo es enorme he has an enormous capacity for work

la máquina hace el trabajo de cinco personas the machine does the work of five people

requiere años de trabajo it takes years of work

todo nuestro trabajo ha sido en vano all our work has been in vain

el trabajo en equipo teamwork

el trabajo de la casa housework

es un trabajo especializado/de precisión it's specialized/precision work

me tocó a mí hacer todo el trabajo I ended up doing all the work, I got stuck o ( BrE) landed with all the work ( colloq)

hoy no puedo, tengo mucho trabajo I can't today, I have o I've got a lot of work to do

tengo mucho trabajo acumulado I have a huge backlog of work to do

este bordado tiene mucho trabajo a lot of work has gone into this embroidery

¡buen trabajo! te felicito nice work! well done

fue premiado por su trabajo en esa película he was given an award for his performance in that movie

hacer un trabajo de zapa to work o scheme behind the scenes

le he estado haciendo un trabajo de trabajo y ya lo tengo en el bote I've been quietly working on him o softening him up and now I've got him right where I want him

Compuestos:

● trabajo a destajo

piece work

● trabajo agrícola

agricultural work

● trabajo a reglamento

(CS) work to rule

● trabajo de campo

fieldwork

● trabajo de chinos

fiddly o laborious job

● trabajo de parto

labor*

● trabajo de práctica

work experience

● trabajo en cadena

assembly-line work

● trabajos forzados

mpl hard labor*

● trabajos manuales

mpl handicrafts (pl)

● trabajo social

social work

● trabajo voluntario

voluntary o ( AmE) volunteer work

C

1 (tarea, obra) job

es un trabajo que no lo puede hacer cualquiera it's not a job that just anyone can do

limpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio cleaning the oven is a job o chore I hate

la satisfacción de un trabajo bien hecho the satisfaction of a job well done

me cobró un dineral por un par de trabajos he charged me a fortune for doing a couple of little jobs o tasks

2 (obra escrita) piece of work

un trabajo bien documentado a well-documented piece of work

estoy haciendo un trabajo sobre Lorca I'm doing a paper/an essay on Lorca

D

(esfuerzo): con mucho trabajo consiguió levantarse with great effort she managed to get up

nos dio mucho trabajo pintarlo painting it was hard work o took a lot of work

los niños dan mucho trabajo children are hard work o a lot of work

me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard to believe

nos costó trabajo convencerla de que viniera we had a hard time persuading her to come

se tomó/dio el trabajo de venir a buscarme she took the trouble to come and pick me up

puedes ahorrarte el trabajo de ir hasta allá you can save yourself the trouble o bother of going all the way over there

E ( Econ) labor*

el capital y el trabajo capital and labor

F ( Fís) work

* * *

Del verbo trabajar: ( conjugate trabajar)

trabajo es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

trabajó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
trabajar
trabajo
trabajar ( conjugate trabajar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( en general) to work;
◊ trabajo por cuenta propia to be self-employed;

trabajo jornada completa or a tiempo completo to work full-time;
trabajo media jornada to work part-time;
trabajo mucho to work hard;
¿en qué trabajas? what do you do (for a living)?;
estoy trabajando en una novela I'm working on a novel;
trabajo DE or COMO algo to work as sth
2 ( actuar) to act, perform;
◊ ¿quién trabaja en la película who's in the movie?

verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹campo/tierra/madera› to work

b) ‹ masa› ( con las manos) to knead, work

2 (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
trabajo sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( empleo) job;

◊ buscar trabajo to look for work o for a job;

quedarse sin trabajo to lose one's job;
un trabajo fijo a steady job;
un trabajo de media jornada a part-time job;
un trabajo de jornada completa or a tiempo completo a full-time job
b) ( lugar) work;

◊ está en el trabajo she's at work;

ir al trabajo to go to work
2 (actividad, labor) work;
◊ trabajo en equipo teamwork;

el trabajo de la casa housework;
los niños dan mucho trabajo children are hard work;
¡buen trabajo! well done!;
trabajo de campo fieldwork;
trabajos forzados hard labor^{( conjugate labor)};
trabajos manuales handicrafts (pl);
trabajo voluntario voluntary o (AmE) volunteer work
3
a) ( tarea) job;

◊ limpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio cleaning the oven is a job I hate

b) ( obra escrita) piece of work;

(en universidad, escuela) essay
4 ( esfuerzo):
◊ con mucho trabajo consiguió levantarse with great effort she managed to get up;

me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard to believe
trabajar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to work: trabaja de secretaria, she works as a secretary
trabaja en los astilleros, she works in the shipyard
trabaja bien, he's a good worker
2 Cine (actuar) to act: en esta película trabaja mi actriz favorita, my favourite actress is in this movie
II verbo transitivo
1 (pulir, ejercitar, estudiar) to work on: tienes que trabajar más el estilo, you have to work on your style
2 (la madera) to work
(un metal) to work
(la tierra) to work, till
(cuero) to emboss
2 (comerciar) to trade, sell: nosotros no trabajamos ese artículo, we don't stock that item
trabajo sustantivo masculino
1 work: hoy tengo poco trabajo, I have little work today
2 (empleo) job: no tiene trabajo, he is unemployed
3 (esfuerzo) work, effort: nos costó mucho trabajo hacerlo, it was hard to do it
4 Educ (sobre un tema) paper
(de manualidades) craft work
5 (tarea) task
un trabajo de chinos, a laborious job
' trabajo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- abundancia
- actual
- adicta
- adicto
- afanosa
- afanoso
- agencia
- agobiada
- agobiado
- agobiante
- antigüedad
- ascender
- asquerosidad
- aterrizar
- balde
- bestialidad
- bicoca
- bolsa
- bordar
- buscar
- cadena
- calendario
- calle
- cambiar
- campo
- capear
- cara
- cargada
- cargado
- caterva
- chapucera
- chapucero
- chapuza
- chollo
- colocarse
- como
- condición
- condicionamiento
- construcción
- cuanta
- cuanto
- cubierta
- cubierto
- dar
- dejar
- desbandada
- descansada
- descansado
- descargar
English:
abandon
- acclaim
- actual
- allocation
- ambivalent
- anxiety
- apathetic
- application
- apply
- apply for
- apprentice
- arm-twisting
- artwork
- assignment
- at
- attack
- backlog
- backup
- barrel
- be-all and end-all
- begrudge
- better
- blouse
- blue
- board
- bog down
- boiler suit
- book
- botch
- bother
- bread-and-butter
- bulk
- burn out
- bury
- busywork
- by
- capacity
- careless
- carry over
- casual
- catch up
- chapter
- choose
- chuck in
- clerical
- collaboration
- colleague
- comedown
- commute
- commuter

* * *

trabajo nm

1. [tarea, actividad, práctica] work;

tengo mucho trabajo que hacer I've got a lot of work to do;

una casa tan grande da mucho trabajo a big house like that is a lot of work;

uno de los últimos trabajos de Diego Rivera one of Diego Rivera's last works;

recibió un Óscar por su trabajo en “Cabaret” she received an Oscar for (her performance in) “Cabaret”;

¡buen trabajo! good work!;

hacer un buen trabajo to do a good job;

Comp

ser un trabajo de chinos [minucioso] to be a fiddly o finicky job;
[pesado] to be hard work
Comp
trabajo de campo fieldwork;
trabajo de o en equipo teamwork;

trabajo físico physical work, manual labour;

trabajos forzados o forzosos hard labour;

trabajo intelectual intellectual work;

trabajo de investigación research work;

trabajo manual manual labour;

trabajos manuales [en el colegio] arts and crafts;

trabajo de oficina office job;

trabajo remunerado paid work;

trabajo social social work;

trabajo sucio dirty work;

trabajo temporal temporary work;

trabajo por turnos shiftwork;

trabajo voluntario voluntary work

2. [empleo] job;

buscar/encontrar trabajo to look for/find work o a job;

no tener trabajo, estar sin trabajo to be out of work;

me he quedado sin trabajo I've been left without a job, I'm out of work;

tener un trabajo fijo to have a permanent job

3. [lugar] work;

en el trabajo at work;

ir al trabajo to go to work;

¿quieres que pase a recogerte al trabajo? do you want me to pick you up from work?

4. [escrito] [por estudiante] essay, paper;

hacer un trabajo sobre algo/alguien to write an essay on sth/sb

5. [esfuerzo] effort;

lograron sacar el armario con mucho trabajo they managed to remove the wardrobe, but not without a lot of effort o but it was no easy task;

costar mucho trabajo (a alguien) to take (sb) a lot of effort;

me cuesta mucho trabajo levantarme por las mañanas I find it a real struggle getting up in the morning;

cuesta trabajo admitir que uno se ha equivocado it's not easy to admit that you're wrong;

tomarse el trabajo de hacer algo to go to o take the trouble of doing sth

6. Econ & Pol labour

7. Fís work

8. Literario
trabajos [apuros] hardships;

pasar trabajos to suffer hardships

* * *

trabajo

m work; ( tarea, puesto) job;

buscar trabajo be looking for work, be looking for a job;

tengo un buen trabajo I have a good job;

costar trabajo be hard o difficult;

tomarse el trabajo de take the trouble to

* * *

trabajo nm

1) : work, job

2) labor: labor, work

tengo mucho trabajo: I have a lot of work to do

3) tarea: task

4) esfuerza: effort

5)

costar trabajo : to be difficult

6)

tomarse el trabajo : to take the trouble

7)

trabajo en equipo : teamwork

8) trabajos nmpl

: hardships, difficulties

* * *

trabajo n

1. (actividad, esfuerzo) work

me gusta el trabajo de oficina I like office work

me costó mucho trabajo repararlo it was hard work mending it

2. (empleo, tarea) job

encontró un trabajo de secretaria she found a job as a secretary

3. (lugar) work

va al trabajo en coche he goes to work by car

en el trabajo at work

4. (redacción) essay / project

trabajos forzados hard labour

trabajos manuales crafts

Spanish-English dictionary > trabajo
6 team

расчет; команда; экипаж, группа; отряд; ( рабочая) бригада; взаимодействие; см. тж. detachment, group, party, crew

advanced concept team (Army) — группа по изучению перспективных концепций (СВ)

Alfa team (Special Forces) — команда «Альфа» (войск специального назначения)

battalion tactical team (reinforced) — (усиленная) батальонная тактическая группа

Delta team (Special Forces) — команда «Дельта» (войск специального назначения)

foreign mission training team (USAF) — группа подготовки ЛС (ВВС США) к выполнению задач за рубежом

G2 air duty team — дежурная группа офицеров связи с авиацией (в отделе разведки штаба)

Special Forces team, Atlantic Fleet — группа сил специального назначения Атлантического флота

Special Forces team, Pacific Fleet — группа сил специального назначения Тихоокеанского флота

technical assistance (field) team — (полевая) группа оказания военно-технической помощи "

underwater demolition (swimmers) team — группа [команда] боевых пловцов-подрывников

wire (line) construction team — команда по прокладыванию проводных линий связи

— accident-go team

— advanced communications team

— advisory assistance team

— aerial hunter-killer team

— aerial survey team

— aerial traffic control team

— aeromedical evacuation liaison team

— aid/evacuation team

— air and naval gunfire direct support control team

— air contact team

— air control team

— air defense suppression team

— air evacuation team

— Air Force combat control team

— air support radar team

— air support signal team

— airborne battle team

— airborne infantry combat team

— airborne pathfinder team

— airborne tactical air support team

— air-ground combat team

— air-ground liaison team

— air-ground suppression team

— airmobile team

— airspace clearance team

— air-surface-underwater team

— ammunition team

— amphibious vehicle boat team

— armament team

— armored breaching team

— armor-heavy combined arms team

— armor-killer team

— Army aviation flight control team

— Army Youth team

— Army's free-fall parachuting display team

— artillery-battalion team

— assault team

— AT ditch team

— atomic demolition team

— attack helicopter team

— attack team

— audio sweep team

— aviation modular maintenance team

— balanced tactical team

— bath team

— battalion airmobile tactical team

— battalion combat team

— battalion inspection team

— battalion landing team

— battalion tactical airmobile team

— battalion tactical team

— battalion team

— battle damage assessment team

— battle group landing team

— battle simulation team

— battle team

— boat team

— bounding team

— breaching team

— briefing team

— briefing-demonstration team

— brigade airmobile team

— brigade combat team

— brigade landing team

— brigade team

— cable-laying team

— Cadet Training team

— Canada's Separate Mechanized Combat team

— CAS delivery team

— cellular team

— central analysis team

— central planning team

— chemical agent detection team

— CIA surveillance team

— CIA team

— civic action mobile training team

— classification team

— clearance diving team

— clothing exchange and bath team

— combat intelligence team

— combat team

— combat tracker team

— combat-observation helicopter team

— combined arms maneuver team

— combined-arms team

— command logistic review team

— communications maintenance team

— company tactical team

— company team

— concept team

— contact team

— contact-recovery team

— control and assessment team

— coordination and guidance team

— counterinsurgency team

— country team

— courier team

— courtesy instruction team

— covering team

— crisis action advisers' team

— crisis management team

— damage assessment team

— dedicated direct support maintenance team

— Defense team

— demarkation team

— demolition team

— denial engineer team

— deprocessing team

— desert rescue team

— development team

— direct support maintenance contact team

— direction finder team

— disaster control team

— disaster preparedness team

— diverting team

— division-wing team

— ECM and final reconnaissance team

— embarkation team

— emergency action team

— emergency radiation team

— emergency road team

— enemy equipment intelligence service team

— engineer civic action team

— engineer combat support team

— engineer demolition team

— engineer fire fighting team

— engineer heavy rescue team

— engineer intelligence team

— engineer light rescue team

— engineer reconnaissance team

— engineer topoplanning and control team

— engineer-technician team

— environmental sanitation team

— equipment maintenance team

— equipment-operating team

— evaluation and scoring team

— exercise development team

— explosive ordnance disposal team

— extended battlefield contact team

— FA team

— FAC team

— field blood transfusion team

— field sanitation team

— field surgical team

— finance personnel support team

— finance support forward team

— fire reconnaissance team

— fire support coordination team

— fire support helicopter/armored team

— fire team

— fire-fighting team

— fire-imitation team

— fire-power control team

— fire-support team

— flame thrower team

— forward air control team

— forward area support team

— forward inspection team

— forward intelligence evaluation team

— forward maintenance team

— forward observer team

— forward repair team

— forward support team

— functional team

— furtive enemy team

— fuze jammer team

— gas team

— general support maintenance team

— geodetic survey team

— graves registration team

— ground control interception team

— ground laser locator designator team

— guerrilla team

— hawk team

— head acquisition team

— heavy fire helicopter team

— heavy maintenance team

— heavy mechanized team

— helicopter fire team

— helicopter mine laying team

— helicopter reception guidance team

— helicopter team

— host nation support team

— host national liaison team

— HQ displacement team

— hunter-killer team

— imagery interpretation team

— indirect fire team

— infantry-armor team

— infantry-artillery combat team

— infantry-tractor team

— inflight aeromedical evacuation team

— initial terminal guidance team

— inspection team

— integrated air-ground team

— International Planning team

— interrogation PW team

— interrogator-translator team

— interservice team

— jamming team

— joint air-ground instruction team

— joint observer team

— jump team

— jungle rescue team

— landing craft boat team

— landing force naval gunfire team

— landing site control team

— landing team

— launch-control team

— lead team

— letter engineer team

— liaison officer team

— liaison team

— light fire team

— light maintenance team

— light mechanized team

— line-of-communications service support team

— litter team

— logistics and training assistance team

— long-range reconnaissance team

— loudspeaker team

— maintenance assistance and instruction team

— maintenance contact team

— maintenance evaluation team

— maintenance forward support team

— maneuver team

— march team

— Marine division/wing team

— Marines Regimental landing team

— marking team

— materiel fielding team

— materiel readiness evaluation team

— mechanized battalion team

— mechanized company team

— mechanized infantry heavy team

— mechanized infantry team

— medical civic action team

— medical support team

— medium maintenance team

— mess team

— messenger team

— meteorological team

— military equipment delivery team

— military geography specialist team

— military hydrology team

— mine recovery team

— mine-laying team

— minesweep team

— missing in action search team

— mixed rotary /fixed wing aircraft team

— mobile advisory team

— mobile mine assembly team

— mobile observation team

— mobile team

— mobile traffic control team

— mobile training team

— monitoring team

— mortar gunnery team

— Mutual Weapons Development team

— National Defense team

— NATO team

— naval gunfire liaison team

— naval gunfire spotter team

— naval gunfire spotting team

— Navy sea-air-land team

— Navy Staff scientific adviser team

— NBC defense team

— NBC monitor and survey team

— NBC team

— new equipment introduction team

— new equipment training team

— noncombatant evacuation operation team

— nuclear demolition team

— nuclear effects team

— nuclear emergency team

— observer-shooter team

— on-site contact team

— operational team

— ordnance fire control equipment maintenance team

— ordnance team

— organizational maintenance team

— overwatching team

— penetration team

— prisoner team

— project management team

— project team

— public information team

— public welfare team

— PW interrogation team

— quick reaction team

— radar surveillance team

— radiation detection team

— radiological emergency medical team

— radioteletype team

— raiding team

— range team

— rear area combat operations support team

— reception team

— reclassification team

— reconstitution processing team

— regimental combat team

— regimental landing team

— reinforced armored brigade raiding team

— reinforced mechanized brigade raiding team

— relief team

— remains search and recovery team

— remote monitoring system team

— replacement team

— rescue team

— response team

— rifle team

— runway damage control team

— sabotage alert team

— scout dog team

— scratch team

— search and rescue team

— search team

— security alert team

— security assistance team

— service organization team

— shell report team

— sniper spotter-firer team

— social psychological action team

— Special Air Service team

— special intelligence team

— special operations combat control team

— special weapons team

— spot team

— spray team

— stand-down team

— strike light fire team

— strike team

— supply forward support team

— support/security team

— tactical air control team

— tank company tactical team

— tank-armored infantry team

— tank-helicopter team

— task team

— team abreast

— technical escort team

— technical intelligence team

— terminal guidance team

— tracker team

— trail team

— turn team

— umpire action team

— umpire control team

— underwater warfare team

— vector control team

— warhead installation team

— water purification team

— weapon systems functional analysis team

— wildcat team

— wire maintenance team

— wire-checking team

— Zippo team

* * *

• команда

• сопровождаться

English-Russian military dictionary > team
7 ITR

1) Биология: inverted terminal repeat

2) Военный термин: Intensive Training Regiment, in-transit rendezvous, incremental tape recorder, individual training record, infantry training regiment, initial trouble report, inspection test report, integrated test requirements, intense thermal radiation, interim technical report, interim test report, internal technical report

3) Техника: in-core termionic reactor, instrument test rig

4) Телекоммуникации: Internet Telephone Router, Международные регламенты электросвязи, РМЭ, Регламент международной электросвязи

5) Сокращение: Instrumented Test Range, Integrated Terminal Program, Integrated Test Range (US Army), Integrated-Technology Rotor (US Army), Intra-Team Radio, Invitation to Register Interest (Australia)

6) Вычислительная техника: Internet Talk Radio (Internet)

7) Нефть: instrument technical room, донесение о неисправностях в начальный период эксплуатации (initial trouble report)

8) Генетика: инвертированные концевые повторы (короткие гомологичные последовательности, ориентированные в противоположных направлениях, расположенные на концах некоторых мобильных генетических элементов, - например, IS-элементов)

9) Транспорт: Insane Trail Riders, Intelligent Traffic Regulations

10) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Independent technical review, контроллерная

11) Макаров: in-core thermionic reactor

12) Расширение файла: Input Transaction Record, Internet Talk Radio

13) Электротехника: inverse time relay

14) AMEX. Integrated Transmission Network Group

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ITR
8 для

авиационное топливо для турбореактивных двигателей
aviation turbine fuel
ангар для воздушного судна
aircraft shed
аэродинамическая труба для испытаний на сваливание в штопор
spin wind tunnel
аэродинамическая труба для испытания моделей в натуральную величину
full-scale wind tunnel
аэродром для реактивных воздушных судов
jet aerodrome
аэродром для самолетов короткого взлета и посадки
1. STOLport
2. stolport аэродромная установка для запуска
ground air starting unit
база для обслуживания полетов
air base
бассейн для гидродинамических испытаний
towing base
бокс для испытания
test box
бригада для перегонки воздушных судов
delivery group
вал для передачи крутящего момента
torsion shaft
вентилятор для создания подъемной силы
lift fan
визир для определения сноса
drift sight
(в полете) воздушное судно для местный авиалиний
short-range aircraft
воздушное судно для местных авиалиний
short-haul transport
воздушное судно для обслуживания местных авиалиний
feederliner
воздушное судно для патрулирования лесных массивов
forest patrol aircraft
воздушное судно для полетов на большой высоте
high-altitude aircraft
воздушное судно для смешанных перевозок
combination aircraft
возрастной предел для пилота
pilot retirement rule
ВПП для эксплуатации любых типов воздушных судов
all-service runway
ВПП, не оборудованная для посадки по приборам
noninstrument runway
ВПП, не оборудованная для точного захода на посадку
nonprecision approach runway
ВПП, оборудованная для посадки по приборам
instrument runway
ВПП, оборудованная для точного захода на посадку
precision approach runway
ВПП, открытая только для взлетов
takeoff runway
ВПП, открытая только для посадок
landing runway
втулка для установки свечи зажигания
igniter plug ferrule
втулка для установки форсунки
fuel nozzle ferrule
втулка с устройством для флюгирования
feathering hub
выделение канала для связи
channel assignment
выемка для ниши колеса
wheel well cavity
выруливание на исполнительный старт для взлета
1. takeoff taxiing
2. taxiing to takeoff position выставка технического оборудования для обслуживания воздушных судов
aircraft maintenance engineering exhibition
галерея для подачи грузов
loading finder
гидроподъемник для воздушного судна
aircraft hydraulic jack
гидросистема для обслуживания вспомогательных устройств
utility hydraulic system
горловина для заправки
fil opening
гребень для ограничения пограничного слоя
boundary-layer fence
груз для воздушной перевозки
air cargo
данные для опознавания
identification data
доворот для коррекции направления полета
flight corrective turn
домкрат для замены
change jack
домкрат для замены колеса
wheel jack
заборник воздуха для надува топливных баков от скоростного напора
ram air assembly
зажим для установки поршневых колец
piston ring clamp
закрытая для полетов ВПП
idle runway
закрытая для эксплуатации ВПП
closed runway
запас масла для флюгирования
feathering oil reserve
запасной люк для выхода
emergency exit hatch
запасные части для воздушного судна
aircraft spare part
защитная зона для полетов вертолетов
helicopter protected zone
зона для транзитных пассажиров
transit passenger area
зона ожидания для визуальных полетов
visual holding point
информационный сборник для авиационных специалистов
airman's information manual
информация для наведения
guidance information
камера для хранения багажа
baggage locker
карта для прокладывания курса
plotting chart
карусель для выдачи
reclaim unit
кислород для дыхания
breathing oxygen
ключ для стыковки крыла
wing butting wrench
количество топлива, требуемое для взлета
takeoff fuel
комплект оборудования для заправки и слива топлива
refuelling unit
комплект оборудования для удаления воздушного судна
aircraft recovery kit
комплект строп для подъема
hoist slings
(грузов) контейнер для перевозки грузов и багажа на воздушном судне
aircraft container
контейнер для смешанной перевозки
intermodal container
контролируемое воздушное пространство предназначенное для полетов по приборам
instrument restricted airspace
контрольная точка для определения местоположения
metering fix
конфигурация для начального этапа
initial configuration
коридор для набора высоты
climb corridor
крейсерская скорость для полета максимальной дальности
long-range cruise speed
крыло с механизацией для обеспечения большей подъемной силы
high-lift devices wing
крышка люка для заправки водой
water servicing cover plate
летная полоса, оборудованная для полетов по приборам
instrument strip
люк для аварийного покидания
emergency escape hatch
люк для бесконтейнерной загрузки
bulk cargo door
люк для выхода
escape
люк для контейнерной загрузки
cargo container door
люк для крепления датчика топливомера
fuel quantity transmitter hatch
люк для покидания при посадке на воду
ditching hatch
лючок для доступа
access door
лючок для подхода к приводу
actuator access
маневр для избежания конфликтной ситуации
resolution manoeuvre
маневр для опознавания
identification manoeuvre
маркер для обозначения запрета
unserviceability marker
машина для обслуживания кухни
1. galley service truck
2. catering truck машина для очистки ВПП
runway sweeper
место для разгрузки
unloading ramp
место на крыле для выполнения технического обслуживания
overwing walkway
место установки домкрата для подъема воздушного судна
aircraft jacking point
механизм для создания условий полета в нестабильной атмосфере
rough air mechanism
микрометр для внешних размеров
external micrometer
микрометр для внутренних размеров
internal micrometer
минимум для взлета
takeoff minima
минимум для полетов по кругу
circling minima
минимум для посадки
landing minima
модель для проведения аэродинамических испытаний
aerodynamic test vehicle
моечная установка для воздушных судов
aircraft washing plant
мощность, необходимая для набора высоты
climbing power
муниципальный аэродром для коммерческой авиации
municipal commercial aerodrome
наземная установка для запуска
ground starting unit
наземное оборудование для обслуживания
ground service equipment
непригодный для эксплуатации
unserviceable
нецелесообразно для восстановления
inadvisable to restore
ниша для колеса
1. wheel well
2. whell recess ниша для трапа
airstairs bay
оборудование для аварийного приводнения
ditching equipment
оборудование для буксировки планера
glider tow equipment
оборудование для демонстрационных полетов
sign towing equipment
оборудование для загрузки
1. cargo-loading equipment
2. loading equipment оборудование для запуска планера
glider launch equipment
оборудование для измерения высоты облачности
ceiling measurement equipment
оборудование для испытания
test facilities
оборудование для крепления груза
cargo tie-down device
оборудование для обеспечения захода на посадку
approach facilities
оборудование для обнаружения турбулентности
turbulence detection equipment
оборудование для обслуживания воздушного судна
aircraft servicing equipment
оборудование для обслуживания грузов
cargo-handling equipment
оборудование для обслуживания пассажиров
passenger-handling equipment
оборудование для полетов в темное время суток
night-flying equipment
оборудование для полетов по приборам
blind flight equipment
оборудование для снижения шума
hush kit
оборудование для технического обслуживания
maintenance facilities
объединение для технического обслуживания
technical pool
огонь для предотвращения столкновений
anticollision light
ориентир для визуальной ориентировки
visual pinpoint
отбойный щит для опробования двигателей
engine check pad
отверстие для облегчения веса
lightening hole
отверстие для отсоса пограничного слоя на крыле
boundary layer bleed perforation
открытая для полетов ВПП
operational runway
открытый для полетов
navigable
отсек для обеспечения доступа
access trunk
очистительная машина для ВПП
runway cleaner
паз для поршневого кольца
piston-ring groove
патрубок обдува для охлаждения
blast cooling tube
пауза для подтверждения
acknowledgement timeout
переходник для заправки топливом
1. fueling adapter
2. jacking adapter перечень необходимого исправного оборудования для полета
minimum equipment item
площадка для взлета вертолета
hoverway
площадка для ожидания
holding apron
площадка для опробования
run-up area
площадка для проверки высотомеров
1. altimeter check location
2. altimeter checkpoint площадка для списания девиации компаса
compass base
площадка для стоянки
parking bay
подвижная шкала для установки нуля
zero adjusting bezel
подготовка для полетов по приборам
instrument flight training
подготовленная для полетов ВПП
maintained runway
полет для выполнения наблюдений с воздуха
1. aerial survey flight
2. aerial survey operation полет для выполнения работ
1. aerial work flight
2. aerial work operation полет для контроля состояния посевов
crop control flight
полет для контроля состояния посевов с воздуха
crop control operation
полет для ознакомления с местностью
orientation flight
полет для оказания медицинской помощи
aerial ambulance operation
полет для проверки летных характеристик
performance flight
полет для разведки метеорологической обстановки
meteorological reconnaissance flight
полет по приборам, обязательный для данной зоны
compulsory IFR flight
помещение для предполетного инструктажа экипажей
airscrew briefing room
помещение на аэродроме для размещения дежурных экипажей
aerodrome alert room
посадка для выполнения обслуживания
operating stop
(воздушного судна) предварительный старт для нескольких воздушных судов
multiple-holding position
предметы багажа, запрещенные для перевозки
restricted articles
прибор для замера ВПП
Mu-meter
прибор для замера силы сцепления
skiddometer
(на ВПП) прибор для проверки кабины на герметичность
cabin tightness testing device
прибор для проверки систем на герметичность
system leakage device
пригодность для полета на местных воздушных линиях
local availability
пригодный для перевозок
good for carriage
пригодный для полета только в светлое время суток
available for daylight operation
приспособление для зарядки авиации
tire inflation device
приспособление для захвата объектов в процессе полета
flight pick-up equipment
приспособление для крепления груза к полу кабины
tie-down attachment
приспособление для обслуживания стабилизатора
stabilizer servicing device
приспособление для подъема двигателя
engine lifting device
приспособление для съемки
puller
приспособление для установки колеса
wheel installation device
проблесковый маяк для предупреждения столкновений
anticollision flash beacon
проблесковый маяк для предупреждения столкновения
aircraft safety beacon
проведение работ по снижению высоты препятствий для полетов
obstacle clearing
прогноз для авиации общего назначения
general aviation forecast
прогноз для верхнего воздушного пространства
upper-air forecast
прогноз для конечного аэропорта
terminal forecast
размер багаж для бесплатного провоза
free baggage
разъем для слива
drain connector
располагаемая дистанция разбега для взлета
takeoff run available
раствор для заливки швов
binder
расходы, связанные с посадкой для стыковки рейсов
layover expenses
реактивное воздушное судно для обслуживания местных авиалиний
feederjet
резиновый сердечник для уплотнения троса
cable rubber core
рейс для оказания помощи
relief flight
решетка для забора воздуха
air grill
сбор материалов для расследования авиационного происшествия
accident inquiry
световое устройство для определения цветоощущения
color perception lantern
светосигнальное оборудование аэродрома для обеспечения безопасности
aerodrome security lighting
сводка для взлета
report for takeoff
сводка погоды для авиалинии
airway weather report
связь для управления полетами
control communication
серьга для швартовки
picketing shackle
(воздушного судна) система бортовых огней для предупреждения столкновения
anticollision lights system
скидка для группы
group discount
совковый патрубок для забора
scoop inlet
создавать опасность для воздушного судна
endanger the aircraft
спасательный бортовой канат для пассажиров
passenger rope
справочное бюро для пассажиров
well-care office
стандарт по шуму для дозвуковых самолетов
subsonic noise standard
стапель для сборки воздушного судна
aircraft fixture
стационарная установка для обслуживания воздушного судна
aircraft servicing installation
створка закрылка для реактивной струи
flap exhaust gate
стенд для испытания двигателей
engine test bench
стенд для проверки пневмосистемы
pneumatic test rig
стойка для обмена валюты
currency exchange desk
стремянка для технического обслуживания
maintenance stand
таблица для пересчета высоты
altitude-conversion table
тариф для беженцев
refugee fare
тариф для младенцев
infant fare
тариф для моряков
seaman's fare
тариф для навалочных грузов
bulk unitization rate
тариф для отдельного участка полета
sectorial fare
тариф для пары пассажиров
two-in-one fare
тариф для перевозки с неподтвержденным бронированием
standby fare
тариф для переселенцев
migrant fare
тариф для полета в одном направлении
single fare
тариф для полетов внутри одной страны
cabotage fare
тариф для рабочих
worker fare
тариф для специализированной группы
affinity group fare
тариф для супружеской пары
spouse fare
тариф для членов экипажей морских судов
ship's crew fare
тариф для эмигрантов
emigrant fare
тариф за перевозку грузов в специальном приспособлении для комплектования
unit load device rate
тележка для грузовых поддонов
pallet dolly
тележка для заправки гидросистемы
hydraulic servicing trolley
тележка для самообслуживания
self-help trolley
тележка для транспортировки двигателей
engine dolly
топливо для реактивных двигателей
jet fuel
транспортные средства для обслуживания воздушного судна
aircraft service truck's
трап для посадки
1. boarding bridge
2. passenger bridge тренажер для отработки техники пилотирования
flight procedures trainer
тренажер для подготовки к полетам по приборам
instrument flight trainer
тяга, необходимая для страгивания
break-away thrust
унифицированная складирующаяся стремянка для обслуживания
unified folding maintenance platform
установка в положение для захода на посадку
approach setting
установка для зарядки кислородом
oxygen charging set
установка для проверки герметичности кабины
cabin leak test set
установка для проверки расходомеров
flowmeter set
установка для проверки тахометров
tachometer test set
установка для прокачки
flushing unit
устройство для взвешивания
weighting device
устройство для замера сцепления
friction test device
устройство для замера сцепления колес с поверхностью
surface friction tester
устройство для измерения воды
water depth measuring device
устройство для крепления лопасти
blade retention mechanism
устройство для непрерывного замера
continuous measuring device
устройство для обнаружения взрывчатых веществ
explosives detecting device
устройство для обнаружения оружия
weapon detecting device
устройство для перемещения груза
load transfer device
устройство для причаливания
termination device
устройство для проверки торможения
braking test device
устройство для распыления
dispersion device
устройство для снижения уровня шума
noise abatement device
устройство для создания тяги
thrust producting device
устройство для считывания информации
data reader
устройство для транспортировки древесины на внешней подвеске
timber-carrying suspending device
устройство для уменьшения подъемной силы крыла
lift dump device
участок для выруливания
taxi portion
флаг для обозначения препятствия
obstacle flag
форсажная камера для увеличения тяги
thrust augmentor
фрахтование для личных целей
own-use charter
центр информации для верхнего района
upper information center
цилиндр - подкос для уборки
retracting strut
(шасси) чартерный рейс для неспециализированной группы
nonaffinity group charter
чартерный рейс для перевозки определенной группы
closed group charter
чартерный рейс для перевозки студентов
student charter
чартерный рейс для перевозки туристической группы
travel group charter
чартерный рейс для перевозки учащихся
study group charter
чартерный рейс для специализированной группы
affinity group charter
шкала для передачи информации
reporting scale
шланг для слива топлива
defueling hose
шланг для стравливания воздуха
air release hose
шприц для смазки
oil syringe
штуцер для проверки наддува на земле
ground pressurization connection
штуцер для проверки на земле
ground testing connection
щель для отсасывания
suction slot
(пограничного слоя) щель для сдува
blowing slot
(пограничного слоя) экипаж для перевозки
ferry crew

Русско-английский авиационный словарь > для
9 flight

полет; рейс; перелёт; звено; летательный аппарат ( в полете) ; ркт. стартовый комплекс; лётный; полётный; бортовой

1g flight — прямолинейный горизонтальный полет, полет с единичной перегрузкой, полет без ускорения или торможения

45° climbing inverted flight — набор высоты под углом 45° в перевёрнутом положении

45° climbing knife flight — набор высоты под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, подъём «по лезвию» под углом 45°

45° diving knife flight — пикирование под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, пикирование «по лезвию» под углом 45°

45° sliding flight — набор высоты под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, подъём «по лезвию» под углом 45°

45° sliding flight — пикирование под углом 45° с боковым скольжением, пикирование «по лезвию» под углом 45°

90° climbing flight — вертикальный подъём, отвесный набор высоты

air observation post flight — отряд самолётов-корректировщиков

altitude chamber indoctrination flight — тренировка в барокамере

break up in flight — разрушаться в воздухе [в полете]

continue flight to altitude — продолжать набор высоты

depart from the controlled flight — становиться неуправляемым в полете (о самолёте)

Doppler hold hovering flight — полет на висении со стабилизацией по доплеровскому измерителю скорости сноса

early in the flight — в начале полёта

flight at the controls — полет за рычагами управления (в качестве лётчика, пилотирующего самолёт)

flight in instrument conditions — полет по приборам

flight of the aircraft — звено самолётов или вертолётов

flight on the deck — бреющий полет, полет на предельно малой высоте

long term space flight — длительный космический полет

maximum gross takeoff weight flight — полет с максимальным взлетным весом

operate a scheduled flight — выполнять рейсовый полет

revert to level flight — возвращаться к режиму горизонтального полёта

revert to straight and level flight — возвращаться к прямолинейному горизонтальному полёту

solar escape velocity flight — полет с третьей космической скоростью

special aerial spray flight — специальный авиационный отряд по поливке с воздуха

transit to wingborne flight — переходить (от вертикального) к горизонтальному полёту

— abort the flight

— abortive flight

— accelerated flight

— acrobatic flight

— active flight

— actual flight

— administrative flight

— advertizing flight

— aerial flight

— aerobatic flight

— aerodynamic flight

— altitude flight

— approach flight

— around-the-world flight

— ascending flight

— ascent flight

— astronautic flight

— asymmetric flight

— atmospheric flight

— autorotational flight

— bad-weather flight

— ballistic flight

— bird's nesting flight

— blind flight

— boost glide flight

— boost phase flight

— boosted flight

— box-pattern flight

— bumpy flight

— calibration flight

— captive flight

— cargo flight

— chamber flight

— chapter flight

— chased flight

— check flight

— circular flight

— circular velocity flight

— circumlunar flight

— clean flight

— climbing flight

— coasting flight

— combat flight

— combat-ready flight

— compatibility flight

— constant-altitude flight

— constant-level flight

— contact flight

— continue the flight

— controllable flight

— controlled flight

— controls-fixed flight

— controls-free flight

— conventional flight

— coordinated flight

— coupled flight

— crew check flight

— cross-country flight

— crosswind flight

— cruising flight

— curvilinear flight

— dare flight

— dash flight

— data flight

— day light flight

— decelerating flight

— deep-space flight

— demonstration flight

— depart the flight

— descending flight

— developmental flight

— direct space flight

— discover inflight

— distance flight

— disturbed atmosphere flight

— divert flights

— diving flight

— docked spacecraft flight

— drag-free flight

— drifting flight

— drop flight

— duty battle flight

— earth orbital flight

— earth-escape velocity flight

— earth-orbital velocity flight

— economy-class flight

— endurance flight

— engine development flight

— engineering development flight

— engine-inoperative flight

— engine-off flight

— engine-on flight

— erratic flight

— escape-velocity flight

— exoatmospheric flight

— exploratory flight

— extended flight

— extended inverted flight

— extra-atmospheric flight

— extra-solar-system flight

— extreme-high-altitude flight

— extreme-low-altitude flight

— fam flight

— familiarization flight

— fast flight

— first-class flight

— first-stage flight

— flapping flight

— flat flight

— flight on instruments

— fog-seeding flight

— formation flight

— forward flight

— four-ship flight

— free flight

— free-lance flight

— free-rolling flight

— freighting flight

— full transition flight

— functional check flight

— glide flight

— global flight

— great-circle flight

— guided flight

— hands-off flight

— hazardous flights

— head-down flight

— head-up flight

— hedge-hopping flight

— high Mach flight

— high-altitude flight

— high-angle-of-attack flight

— high-level flight

— high-performance flight

— high-speed flight

— high-subsonic flight

— high-temperature flight

— horizontal flight

— hovering flight

— hypersonic flight

— hypervelocity flight

— IFR flight

— IMC flight

— indoctrination flight

— initial flight

— inspection flight

— instructional flight

— instrument calibration flight

— instrument flight

— intercontinental flight

— intergalactic flight

— interplanetary flight

— interstellar flight

— introduction flight

— introductory flight

— invasion flight

— inverted flight

— jet-borne flight

— jet-control flight

— joint manned flight

— knife edge flight

— knife flight

— level flight

— lighter-than-air flight

— local flight

— long-distance flight

— long-haul flight

— long-range flight

— loose formation flight

— low-altitude flight

— low-level flight

— low-Q flight

— low-speed-handling flight

— lunar orbit flight

— maiden flight

— maintenance test flight

— man-controlled flight

— maneuvering flight

— man-in-space flight

— manned flight

— mass flight

— maximum-power flight

— medium-altitude flight

— medium-level flight

— midcourse flight

— military evaluation flight

— military flights

— moon-landing flight

— motorless flight

— multiorbit flight

— nap-of-the-earth flight

— navigational training flight

— near-hovering flight

— night flight

— night scramble flight

— nolo flight

— noncritical flight

— nondata flight

— nonlevel flight

— nonpowered flight

— nonstabilized flight

— normal flight

— observational flight

— off-airway flight

— once-a-week flight

— one «g» flight

— one-burn flight

— one-power-unit-inoperative flight

— on-the-deck flight

— operational flight

— orbital flight

— orbital rendezvous flight

— orbital training flight

— orbital velocity flight

— out-and-return flight

— out-of-atmosphere flight

— overland flights

— oversea flight

— over-the-top flight

— partially jetborne flight

— passenger flight

— passive flight

— peak-traffic flights

— pending flight

— photographic flight

— photographic reconnaissance flight

— piloted flight

— pilotless flight

— pitch flight

— plan the flight

— point-to-point flight

— positive-g flight

— powered flight

— powerless flight

— power-off flight

— power-on flight

— practice flight

— practicing flight

— premanned flight

— presolo flight

— pressure suit flight

— pressurized cabin flight

— production test flight

— proficiency check flight

— proficiency flight

— programed flight

— prolonged flight

— propaganda flight

— propelled flight

— prototype first flight

— proving flight

— pullover flight

— q flight

— qualification flight

— quasisatellite flight

— radar evaluation flight

— radio-controlled flight

— reaction-control data flight

— reckless flight

— record-setting flight

— recovery flight

— rectilinear flight

— reentry flight

— refueling flight

— release for flight

— remote-controlled flight

— rendezvous flight

— return flight

— rhumb-line flight

— rocket flight

— rocket-beit flight

— rocket-boosted flight

— rocket-powered flight

— rolling flight

— rotary-wing flight

— rough-air flight

— round-robin flight

— round-the-world flight

— round-trip flight

— route flight

— route proving flight

— routine flight

— satellite flight

— scheduled flights

— scouting flight

— second-class flight

— second-stage flight

— separate flight

— shakedown flight

— short flight

— sideward flight

— sideways flight

— sightseeing flight

— single engine flight

— single-heading flight

— single-orbit flight

— six-plane flight

— slow flight

— smooth flight

— solo flight

— sonic flight

— space flight

— spacecraft group flight

— space-equivalent flight

— special VFR flight

— special-mission flight

— speed-record flight

— sporting flight

— stabilized flight

— steady flight

— steady-yaw flight

— stick-fixed flight

— STOL flight

— straight flight

— suborbital flight

— subsonic flight

— successful data flight

— supersonic flight

— supine-position flight

— sustain level flight

— symmetrkal flight

— tail wind flight

— terminal flight

— terminate the flight

— terrain-following flight

— terrestrial flight

— test flight

— third-stage flight

— three-burn flight

— through flight

— thrust supported flight

— tight formation flight

— total instrument flight

— towed flight

— towing flight

— training flight

— transatlantic flight

— transcontinental flight

— transient flight

— transition flight

— translation flight

— transonic flight

— transpacific flight

— transpolar flight

— transport flight

— tree-top flight

— triangular flight

— trimmed-out flight

— trouble-free flight

— tumbling flight

— turbine flight

— turnaround flight

— turning flight

— twice-weekly flights

— twin flight

— two-burn flight

— two-ship flight

— unaccelerated flight

— unassisted flight

— uncontrolled flight

— under-the-clouds flight

— unescorted flight

— unmanned reconnaissance flight

— unpowered flight

— unscheduled flight

— unstalled flight

— unsymmetrical flight

— upper-air flight

— upper-atmosphere exploratory flight

— upside-down flight

— upsun flight

— upward flight

— vectored flight

— VFR flight

— visual flight

— VMC flight

— VTOL flight

— warm-up flight

— weather flight

— weather observation flight

— weightless flight

— wing supported flight

— wing-down flight

— wingfolded flight

— wingless flight

— wings-level flight

— world flight

— yawed flight

— zero-gravity flight

— zoom flight

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > flight
10 support

поддержка; обеспечение; тыловое обеспечение; материально-техническое обеспечение; МТО; обслуживание; головной отряд ( авангарда) ; сторожевая застава; второй эшелон ( в обороне) ; тыловой отряд; поддерживать; обеспечивать; обслуживать;

austere (maintenance and supply) support — МТО с минимальным расходом сил и средств

C3 support — обеспечение средствами оперативного управления и связи; обеспечение органов руководства, управления и связи

nuclear (weapons) logistical support — тыловое обеспечение [МТО] применения ЯО

nuclear (weapons) logistics support — тыловое обеспечение [МТО] применения ЯО

photographic (day and night) support — (дневная и ночная) фоторазведка (как вид обеспечения)

— ABM support

— administrative support

— advance guard support

— advisory support

— aeroscout support

— afloat support

— aggressor training support

— air fire support

— air maintenance support

— air reconnaissance support

— air support

— air transport support

— airborne fire support

— aircraft carrier group ASW support

— air-ground support

— air-landed logistic support

— airlift support

— air-logistical support

— air-to-ground fire support

— all-out support

— ammunition support

— amphibious logistic support MTO

— amphibious support

— amphibious tank indirect fire support

— antiair warfare support

— antiarmor support

— area support

— armored battle support

— armored support

— artillery support

— attack helicopter support

— automated control system mathematical support

— automotive support

— aviation support

— backup support

— base support

— battle target air support

— biological support

— ceremonial support

— change of fire support

— chaplain support

— chemical corps support

— chemical fire support

— civil affairs support

— civilian personnel support

— civilian support

— close air support

— close combat air support

— close logistical support

— close support

— close-in ground support

— coalitjon support

— combat air support

— combat consumption support

— combat engineer support

— combat service support

— combat support

— command dedicated basis support

— communications-electronics support

— community support

— conduct support

— construction support

— contact support

— contingency data processing maintenance support

— contingency support

— contractor maintenance support

— contractor support

— counter underwater warfare support

— counterair support

— counterattack support

— counterintelligence support

— countermeasures neutralization support

— countermobility engineer support

— cryptologistics support

— cut off from logistical support

— deceptive fire support

— decontamination support

— dedicated support

— deep support

— defense suppression support

— delayed fire support

— dental support

— depot support

— direct air support

— direct automotive support

— direct fire support

— direct logistics support

— direct smoke support

— direct support level support

— direct support

— direct technical support

— disaster support

— ECM support

— electronic interdiction support

— electronic support

— emergency backup maintenance support

— emergency support

— engineer combat service support

— engineer facility support

— engineer support

— engineering support

— equipment support

— escort jamming support

— evacuation support

— EW support

— field engineer support

— field feeding support

— field health service support

— field medical support

— field service support

— field support

— fighter direction radar support

— fire air support

— fire support behind the objective

— fire support between the line of departure and the objective

— fire support on top of the objective

— fire support

— fiscal support

— fixed-wing support

— floating base support

— follow-on logistic support

— forward support

— front support

— functionalized support

— furnish support

— general air support

— general engineer support

— general intelligence support

— general support

— geodetic support

— graves registration support

— gravimetric guidance support

— ground communications support

— ground support

— ground-mounted fire support

— gun support

— gunfire support

— health service support

— heavy support

— heavy weapons fire support

— helicopter gunship support

— helicopter support

— host nation support

— HQ support

— hydrometeorological support

— illumination support

— immediate air support

— immediate direct support

— immediate massed fire support

— immediate nuclear support

— immediate support

— in support of

— in transit security support

— indirect air support

— indirect support

— initial support during wartime

— inshore fire support

— integrated logistical support

— integrated logistics support

— integrated support

— intelligence support

— interdepartmental support

— interdiction support

— interdictory fire support

— internal supply support

— international cross support

— international logistic support

— interservice support

— intraservice support

— jamming support

— joint logistics support

— jump support

— labor support to Forces

— laundry and bath support

— life cycle logistics support

— local support

— logistical air support

— logistical helicopter support

— logistical military operations support

— logistical support

— logistics support

— logistics/maintenance support

— long-range frontal support

— low-altitude close air support

— maintenance support

— manual support

— maritime support

— mass subsistence support

— materiel support

— medical support

— medium nuclear support

— medium ordnance support

— meteorological support

— metrological support

— MG support

— military intelligence support

— military operations support

— military support of civil defense

— missile fire support

— missile maintenance support

— missile support

— mobile close-in fire support

— mobile support

— mobility engineer support

— mobility support

— morale support

— mortar support

— MP support

— multiservice support

— munitions logistic support

— mutual air support

— mutual emergency support

— mutual fire support

— mutual logistic support

— mutual support

— naval gunfire support

— naval support

— navigational and hydrographic support

— navigational support

— NBC defense support

— near-shore support

— nondeploying support

— nondivisional support

— nonnuclear close fire support

— nonnuclear general support

— nonnuclear support

— nonorganic combat service support

— nontactical support

— nuclear close air support

— nuclear fire support

— nuclear support

— offensive air support

— one-stop support

— operational support

— operations security support

— optometric support

— orbital weapon in-orbit support

— ordnance field maintenance support

— ordnance support

— organic combat service support

— organic fire support

— outpost support

— personal affairs support

— personnel support

— place in support

— port support

— postal support

— post-drop logistic support

— preplanned air support

— preplanned nuclear support

— preplanning immediate support

— primary support

— propaganda support

— provide support

— QM support

— quick reaction close support

— radar support

— rear support

— rearguard support

— reinforcing artillery support

— reinforcing general support

— render support

— responsive support

— school support

— search and rescue support

— second echelon commitment fire support

— security support

— service support

— SIGINT interpretive support

— signal communications combat support

— signal logistical support

— signal support

— smoke support

— software system support

— soldier support

— spare parts support

— special technical military operations support

— spiritual support

— station support

— strategic transport support

— subsistence support

— supply support

— support to forwards

— survey support

— survivability engineer support

— survivability support

— tactical air support for maritime operations

— tactical air support

— tactical transport support

— tank support

— target acquisition support

— target designation radar support to SAM systems

— task basis support

— technical support

— topographic support

— transport air support

— transportation support

— troop and weapon control radar support

— underway logistics support

— unified logistic support

— unit-level health service support

— vehicle evacuation support

— vendor maintenance support

— warning support

— water supply support

— weather support

— welfare support

English-Russian military dictionary > support
11 Language

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reﬂection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic ﬂux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chieﬂy governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Inﬂuenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

См. также в других словарях:

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