in+posterum

ex-trăho, xi, ctum, 3, v. a., to draw out or forth, to drag out (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

rete ex aqua,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 124:

telum e corpore,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 19:

gladium e vulnere,

Quint. 4, 2, 13;

for which: telum de vulnere,

Ov. M. 12, 119:

vivum puerum alvo,

Hor. A. P. 340; cf.:

filium exsecto ventre,

Dig. 5, 2, 6:

spinas, venena corpori,

Plin. 28, 18, 76, § 245; 7, 2, 2, § 13; cf.:

anulum sibi deficienti,

Suet. Tit. 73:

ut sine labore hanc (aquam) extraxi!

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 4:

vires humerorum (natae) ad aratra extrahenda,

to draw forward, draw, Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 159.—With personal objects:

aliquem e latebra,

Suet. Vit. 17; cf.: extrahitur domo latitans Oppianicus [p. 710] a Manilio, Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

rure in urbem,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 11:

senatores vi in publicum,

Liv. 26, 13, 1:

hostes invitos in aciem,

id. 8, 29, 11:

aliquem turba oppositis humeris,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 94.—

Esp., med. t. t.

Dentis extrahere, i. e. by medicinal means, Plin. 32, 7, 26, § 79 (cf.: dentem evellere, i. e. by force).—

Of cuppingglasses:

sanguinem extrahere,

Cels. 2, 11 init. —

Trop.

In gen., to withdraw, extricate, release; to draw out, extract, eradicate:

urbem ex periculis maximis,

Cic. Sest. 4, 11; cf.:

me inde,

Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 3:

nescis, Parmeno, Quantum hodie profueris mihi et ex quanta aerumna extraxeris,

id. Hec. 5, 4, 36:

imbecilliores adjuvabit malisque opinionibus extrahet,

Sen. Ep. 95 med.:

se rebus humanis,

to take one's own life, Dig. 21, 1, 23, § 3:

(scelera) ex occultis tenebris in lucem,

Liv. 39, 16, 11:

secreta mentis (verberum vis),

Sen. Hippol. 884:

Epicurus ex animis hominum extraxit radicitus religionem,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 121; id. Ac. 2, 34, 108: cf.:

hunc errorem, quasi radicem malorum omnium, stirpitus philosophia se extracturam pollicetur,

id. Tusc. 4, 38, 83.—

In partic., of time, to draw out, protract, prolong:

res variis calumniis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 4, 1:

se tergiversando in adventum ejus rem extracturum,

Liv. 34, 46, 5:

certamen usque ad noctem,

id. 4, 41, 5:

pugnam in posterum,

Tac. A. 4, 73:

bellum in tertium annum,

Liv. 3, 2, 2:

somnum plerumque in diem,

Tac. G. 22:

has materias in infinitum,

Quint. 4, 1, 43:

dicendi morā dies,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32, 3:

triduum disputationibus,

id. ib. 1, 33, 3:

diem de die,

Sen. Ben. 2, 5 fin.:

primum tempus noctis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 28, 5:

aestatem,

id. B. G. 5, 22, 4; Liv. 32, 9, 10 et saep.:

eludi atque extrahi se multitudo putare,

Liv. 2, 23, 13; cf.:

populumque ducesque incertis,

Stat. Th. 3, 575:

mentem,

id. ib. 1, 323.

invīto, āvi, ātum, 1 (invitassitis for invitaveritis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 31), v. a. [perh. for invicito; root vec-; Sanscr. vak-, speak; vak'as, word; cf.: vox, convicium; Gr. Wep- in eipon, ops], to invite, treat, feast, entertain (cf. illicio; class.).

Lit., constr. with ad or in and acc., with simple acc. or abl., or with ut.

With ad:

aliquem ad prandium,

Cic. Mur. 35, 73:

ad cenam,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 2; Cic. Fam. 7, 9, 2; Suet. Aug. 34;

ad consulem,

Liv. 45, 8 fin. —

With in and acc.:

aliquem in hospitium,

Liv. 28, 18; cf. Val. Max. 2, 10, ext. 1:

ad cenam in hortos in posterum diem,

Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58. —

With simple acc.: aliquem domum suam ut animum ejus in Sthenium inflammarent (cf. e infra), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 89; Liv. 3, 14:

alius alium domos suas invitant,

Sall. J. 66. 3; Nep. Att. 13, 6.—

With abl.:

aliquem tecto ac domo,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 25; cf.:

hospitio invitabit,

id. Phil. 12, 9, 23.—

With ut:

invito eum, ut apud me diversetur,

Cic. Att. 13, 2;

ut cenem invitor?

Mart. 4, 68, 2.— Absol., to entertain:

alii suos in castra, invitandi causā adducunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 74:

aliquem poculis,

to challenge to drink, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 31. — With se, to treat one ' s self, drink one ' s [p. 997] own health:

sese in cena plusculum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 127: se cibo vinoque largius, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 321, 25 (Hist. 4, 4 Dietsch). —Comic.: gladio, to treat to the sword, i. e. to want to kill, Plaut. Cas. 3, 6, 21; cf.:

aliquem clavā,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 31.—

Transf.

To invite, summon, challenge:

a Caesare liberaliter invitor in legationem illam,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 3:

Cosconio mortuo, in ejus locum invitor,

id. ib. 1, 19, 4:

hostes ad deditionem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 19:

aliquem ad audiendum,

Suet. Calig. 53:

ad spectaculum,

id. Ner. 12:

praemiis ad quippiam agendum,

Cic. Lig. 4:

in libidinem,

Suet. Calig. 41.—

To incite, allure, attract:

ni id me invitet ut faciam fides,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 5:

invitat hiemps curasque resolvit,

Verg. G. 1, 302:

invitent croceis halantes floribus horti,

id. ib. 4, 109:

ad agrum fruendum invitat atque allectat senectus,

Cic. de Sen. 16; so,

assentationem,

to encourage flattery, id. Lael. 26:

invitare et allicere appetitum animi,

id. Fin. 5, 6:

somnos,

to attract, Ov. M. 11, 604:

culpam,

to allure to transgression, id. H. 17, 183:

invitatur vino appetentia ciborum,

Plin. 23, 1, 22, § 38:

fossis invitavit mare,

i. e. conducted, Sol. 2. — Trop., of things:

invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillis,

Ov. M. 11, 604; cf. Hor. Epod. 2, 28. — With inf.:

vicina invitet decedere ripa calori,

Verg. G. 4, 23.—

To ask, request, urge:

Germanos, uti ab Rheno discederent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 6:

benignis verbis, ut, etc.,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 5 al.

mĕtŭo, ŭi, ūtum (cf.:

nimis ante metutum,

Lucr. 5, 1140), 3, v. a. and n. [metus], to fear, be afraid of a person or thing; to hesitate, not to venture, not to wish (syn.: vereor, formido, timeo); with inf., with ne, to fear lest; with ui or ne non, to fear that not; also of inanimate things, with acc., to fear, revere, reverence one; as a v. n., to fear, be afraid, be in fear, be apprehensive, esp. as the effect of the idea of threatening evil (whereas timere usually denotes the effect of some external cause of terror); to dread, apprehend; with an indirect interrogation: non metuo quin, for non dubito quin, I doubt not but; to be anxious about any one; with dat. (class.).

Act.: quem metuont oderunt, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23 (Trag. v. 403 Vahl.):

deos et amo et metuo,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 73:

male ego metuo milvos,

id. ib. 5, 5, 13:

metuebant (senem) servi, verebantur liberi,

Cic. Sen. 11, 37:

tu, qui crimen ais te metuisse,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 78: nec pol istae metuunt Deos, Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 6:

absentem patrem,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 68:

nec metuit quemquam,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 5.—With ab:

quid a nobis metuit?

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 12:

a me insidias,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6, 2:

supplicia a vobis metuere debent,

to fear from you, id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8:

a quo (Ajace) sibi non injuriā summum periculum metuebat,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:

a quo domino sibi metuebat graves cruciatus,

Aug. Lib. Arbitr. 1, 4, 9; Gregor. M. Homil. 1, 14, 2; Aug. cont. Acad. 2, 8.—With ex:

si periculum ex illis metuit,

Sall. C. 52, 16.—With de:

de lanificio neminem metuo, una aetate quae sit,

i. e. no one's competition in spinning, Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 22.—Of inanim. subjects:

quae res cotidie videntur, minus metuunt furem,

Varr. R. R. 1, 22.—

With inf.:

metuont credere omnes,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 70:

ut tentare spem certaminis metuunt,

Liv. 32, 31:

nil metuunt jurare,

Cat. 64, 146:

reddere soldum,

not to wish, be averse to, Hor. S. 2, 5, 65:

praebere,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 1.—Of nonpersonal subjects:

illum aget pennā metuente solvi Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7. —

With ne:

nimis metuebam male, ne abiisses,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 8:

male metuo ne... morbus aggravescat,

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

fratrem, ne intus sit (Gr. construction),

id. Eun. 3, 5, 62.—

With ut:

ornamenta, quae locavi, metuo, ut possim recipere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 3:

metuo ut hodie possim emolirier,

id. Bacch. 4, 5, 2:

metuo ut substet hospes,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 11:

ut sis vitalis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 61.—

With ne non:

metuo ne non sit surda,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 12; id. Pers. 4, 6, 4:

metuis ne non, quom velis, convincas esse illum tuom?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 15.—

With quin:

non metuo meae quin uxori latae suppetiae sient,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 54.—

With object-clause, to await with fear, anxiety; to be in apprehension, concerned about:

metuo, patres quot fuerint,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 35:

metui, quid futurum denique esset,

I dreaded, awaited with fear, Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8: metuo quid agam. Sy. Metuis? quasi non ea potestas sit tua, etc., id. ib. 4, 3, 42:

metuo qualem tu me esse hominem existumes,

id. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—

Pass. with dat.:

jam maturis metuendus Juppiter uvis,

Verg. G. 2, 419. —

Absol.:

se e contempto metuendum fecit,

Sall. H. 1, 48, 3.—

(Eccl. Lat.) Of religious fear, to revere, dread, hold in reverence:

Deum,

Vulg. Lev. 25, 43:

Dominum Deum nostrum,

id. Jer. 5, 24:

sanctuarium meum,

id. Lev. 19, 30.—

Neutr., to fear, be afraid, be apprehensive, etc.

With de:

neque tam de suā vitā, quam de me metuit,

fears not so much for his own life as for me, Cic. Att. 10, 4, 6.—

With ab:

metuens ab Hannibale,

afraid of Hannibal, Liv. 23, 36.—

With pro:

metuere pro aliquo,

Petr. 123.—

With dat., to be anxious about or for a person or thing:

metuens pueris,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 60:

inopi metuens formica senectae,

Verg. G. 1, 186:

tum decuit metuisse tuis,

id. A. 10, 94.—Hence, mĕtŭens, entis, P. a., fearing, afraid of any thing; anxious for any person or thing; with gen. or absol. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

contentus parvo metuensque futuri,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 110:

metuens virgae,

Juv. 7, 210.— Comp.:

quo non metuentius ullum Numinis ingenium,

Ov. F. 6, 259:

Nero metuentior in posterum,

Tac. A. 13, 25.

necto, xŭi, sometimes xi (cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 494 sq.), xum ( inf. pass. nectier, Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59), 3, v. a. [with neo, kindr. to Sanscr. nah, ligare, nectere, and Gr. neô, nêthô], to bind, tie, fasten; to join, bind, or fasten together, connect.

Lit.

In gen.: nectere ligare significat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 165 Müll.:

necte tribus nodis ternos, Amarylli, colores,

Verg. E. 8, 77:

catenas,

Hor. C. 1, 29, 5:

necte meo La miae coronam,

weave, make, id. ib. 1, 26, 8, so, coronas, id. ib. 4, 11, 3; id. Ep. 2, 2, 96; id. Epod. 17, 22:

laqueum alicui,

id. Ep. 1, 19, 31:

pedibus talaria,

Verg. A. 4, 239:

flavàque caput nectentur olivā,

id. ib. 5, 309:

nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta,

id. ib. 12, 603:

bracchia,

to fold in each other, entwine, clasp, Ov. F. 6, 329; cf.:

collo bracchia meo,

id. H. 5, 48:

comam myrto,

id. Am. 1, 2, 23:

mille venit variis florum dea nexa coronis,

id. F. 4, 495:

venit odoratos Elegeïa nexa capillos,

id. Am. 3, 1, 7; id. P. 3, 1, 124:

retia,

Prop. 3, 8, 27 (4, 7, 37):

alicui compedes,

Plin. Ep. 9, 28, 4;

Africus in glaciem frigore nectit aquas,

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 48.—

In partic., to bind, fetter, confine, esp. for debt:

liber, qui suas operas in servitute pro pecuniā quādam debebat, dum solveret, nexus vocatur ut ab aere obaeratus,

enslaved for debt, Varr. L L. 7, § 105 Müll.:

cum sint propter unius libidinem omnia nexa civium liberata, nectierque postea desitum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34, 59; cf.:

ita nexi soluti cautumque in posterum, ne necterentur,

Liv. 8, 28 fin.:

eo anno plebi Romanae velut aliud initium libertatis factum est, quod necti desierant: mutatum autem jus ob unius feneratoris simul libidinem, simul crudelitatem insignem,

id. 8, 28, 1; v. also 2. nexus, II.; Liv. 2, 27; 23:

nec carcerem nexis, sed caedibus civitatem replet,

Just. 21, 2; cf. id. 21, 1.—

Trop.

To affix, attach:

ut ex alio alia nectantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 19, 52:

ex hoc genere causarum ex aeternitate pendentium fatum a Stoicis nectitur,

id. Top. 15, 59.—

To bind by an obligation, to oblige, make liable, bind, etc.:

sacramento nexi,

Just. 20, 4:

res pignori nexa,

i. e. pledged, pawned, Dig. 49, 14, 22, § 1.—

To join or fasten together, to connect, Cic. Or. 41, 140:

rerum causae aliae ex aliis aptae et necessitate nexae,

id. Tusc. 5, 25, 70; cf.:

omnes virtutes inter se nexae et jugatae sunt,

id. ib. 3, 8, 17:

nectere dolum,

to contrive, Liv. 27, 28:

causas inanes,

to frame, invent, bring forward, Verg. A. 9, 219:

canoris Eloquium vocale modis,

to set to harmonious measures, Juv. 7, 18:

numeris verba,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 30:

cum aliquo jurgia,

i. e. to quarrel, id. Am. 2, 2, 35:

moras,

to make, contrive, Tac. A. 12, 14:

insidias,

Val. Max. 3, 8, 5:

talia nectebant,

they thus conversed, Stat. Th. 8, 637.

ŏb (old form obs, v. III.), prep. with acc. (in late Lat. also with the abl.:

OB PERPETVO EIVS ERGA SE AMORE,

Inscr. Orell. 106) [Osc. op; kindr. with Sanscr. api; Gr. epi].

Lit.

With verbs of motion, towards, to (only ante-class.): IS TERTHS DIEBVS OB PORTVM OBVAGVLATVM ITO, let him go before his house to summon him, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. portum, p. 233 Müll.: ob Romam legiones ducere, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.); cf.:

ob Troiam duxit,

id. ib. p. 178 Müll. (Incert. libr. v. 5 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39; and ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2 (Trag. Rel. p. 211 Rib.).—

With verbs of rest, about, before, in front of, over (in Cic.):

follem sibi obstringit ob gulam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23:

lanam ob oculum habere,

id. Mil. 5, 37:

ob oculos mihi caliginem obstitisse,

before my eyes, id. ib. 2, 4, 51:

mors ob oculos saepe versata est,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; id. Sest. 21, 47:

ignis qui est ob os offusus,

id. Univ. 14.—

Transf., to indicate the object or cause, on account of, for, because of, by reason of, etc.

In gen. (freq. and class.):

etiam ob stultitiam tuam te tueris?

do you still defend yourself with regard to your folly? Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

pretium ob stultitiam fero,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 23:

ob eam rem iratus,

on that account, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 33:

neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

id. ib. 4, 4, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 7: Mi. Ob eam rem? De. Ob eam, id. ib. 5. 9, 20:

ob rem nullam,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 2:

hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob eam rem, quod veritus est, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 10, 23:

ob eam causam, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12: quam ob causam venerant, id. de Or. 1, 7, 26:

non solum ob eam causam fieri volui, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

ob hanc causam, quod,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

nec ob aliam causam ullam, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 74:

ob meas injurias,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.:

quodnam ob facinus?

id. ib. 5, 2, 3: ob peccatum hoc. id. ib. v. 37:

ob malefacta haec,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ob illam injuriam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:

ob aliquod emolumentum suum,

id. Font. 8, 17: (eum) ac Troiam misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

ob rem judicandam pecuniam adcipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; id. Att. 1, 17, 8; id. Mur. 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Sall. J. 89, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 87:

nec meliores ob eam scientiam nec beatiores esse possumus,

on account of, for that knowledge, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

ob eam (amicitiam) summā fide servatam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

is igitur dicitur ab Amulio ob labefactandi regni timorem, ad Tiberim exponi jussus esse,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

unius ob iram Prodimur,

Verg. A. 1, 251; cf.:

saevae memorem Junonis ob iram,

id. ib. 1, 4; cf.

also: aut ob avaritiam aut miserā ambitione laborat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

barbarus eum quidam palam ob iram interfecti ab eo domini obtruncat,

Liv. 21, 2, 6:

non noxā neque ob metum,

Tac. H. 2, 49:

Germanicum mortem ob rem publicam obiisse,

for the republic, id. A. 2, 83:

cum quibus ob rem pecuniariam disceptabat,

id. ib. 6, 5.—

In partic.

In consideration of, in return for, instead of (mostly ante-class.):

ob asinos ferre argentum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 80; id. Ep. 5, 2, 38:

quin arrhabonem a me accepisti ob mulierem?

id. Rud. 3, 6, 23:

ager oppositus est pignori Ob decem minas,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56: talentum magnum ob unam fabulam datum esse, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 11, 10 fin.:

pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78:

pecuniam ob delicta dare,

Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Ob rem, like ex re (opp. frustra), to the purpose, with advantage, profitably, usefully (very rare): An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter Phorm. 3, 2, 41:

verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, in vostrā manu situm est,

Sall. J. 31, 5.—

Ob industriam, on purpose, intentionally, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 6; 2, 3, 58 (id. ib. 2, 3, 60, de industriā); cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 14.—

Quam ob rem, also written in one word, quamobrem, on which account, wherefore, therefore, hence, accordingly; a very freq. particle of transition, esp. in Cic.:

quam ob rem id primum videamus, quatenus, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 11, 36:

quam ob rem utrique nostrūm gratum admodum feceris,

id. ib. 4, 16; 2, 10; 3, 12; 4, 15; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9; 1, 19, 32 et saep.—

Ob id, ob hoc, ob haec, ob ea, ob quae, on that account, therefore (not ante-Aug.).

Ob id:

ignaris hostibus et ob id quietis,

Liv. 25, 35; 28, 2; Tac. A. 2, 66; 3, 75; 13, 5:

ob id ipsum,

Curt. 4, 16, 23.—

Ob hoc:

ob hoc cum omnia neglecta apud hostes essent,

Liv. 25, 37; Sen. Q. N. 7, 14, 4; Col. 7, 3, 21; cf.:

ob hoc miserior,

Sen. Ep. 98, 5. —

Ob haec:

ob haec cum legatos mitti placuisset,

Liv. 8, 23; 21, 50; 38, 34; Cels. 1 praef.—

Ob ea:

ob ea consul Albinus senatum de foedere consulebat,

Sall. J. 39, 2.—

Ob quae:

ob quae posterum diem reus petivit,

Tac. A. 2, 30 fin.; Suet. Ner. 13.—

In composition, the b of ob remains unchanged before vowels and most consonants; only before p, f, c, g, is assimilation more common: oppeto, offero, occido, ogganio, etc.—An ancient form obs, analogous to abs, is implied in obs-olesco and os-tendo.—In signification, that of direction towards, or of existence at or before a thing is predominant, although it likewise gives to the simple verb the accessory notion of against: obicere, opponere, obrogare.

ob-dūco, xi, ctum ( inf. perf. sync. obduxe, Arg. ad Plaut. Merc. 7), 3, v. a., to lead or draw before, lead or conduct against or towards, to draw or bring forward or around, draw over (class. and very freq.; syn.: obtendo, obtego).

Lit.:

ad oppidum exercitum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 13: vim Gallicam obduc contra in acie, Att. ap. Non. 224, 13:

Curium,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: ab utroque latere collis transversam fossam obduxit, drew forward, drew, made, or extended a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

vela,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 21: vestem, to draw on or over, Tac. A. 4, 70; Curt. 6, 5, 27:

seram,

to draw, close, fasten, Prop. 5, 5, 48:

callum,

to draw over, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 3.—

Transf.

To cover by drawing over; to cover over, overspread, surround, envelop:

trunci obducuntur libro, aut cortice,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

operimento,

id. Leg. 2, 22, 56; Verg. E. 1, 49:

vultus, of the sun,

Ov. M. 2, 330:

caput,

Luc. 9, 109:

semina cortice,

Plin. 19, 7, 36, § 119:

obducta cicatrix,

a closed, healed scar, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4; Curt. 8, 10, 31:

obductā nocte,

overcast, cloudy, dark, Nep. Hann. 5, 2; Curt. 8, 13, 25.—

To close, shut up ( poet.):

obducta penetralia Phoebi,

Luc. 5, 67:

fores,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1548. mors oculos coepit obducere, Petr. S. 19.—

To draw in, drink down, swallow:

venenum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

potionem,

Sen. Prov. 3, 12: pultarium mulsi, to drink up, Petr. 42.—

To swallow up, overwhelm:

uti eos, eum exercitum, eos hostes, eosque homines, urbes agrosque eorum... obducatis (an imprecation to the gods below),

Macr. S. 3, 9, 10.—

To contract, wrinkle, knit the brow:

obductā solvatur fronte senectus,

Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

frontem,

Juv. 9, 2:

vultum,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5.—

To injure, harm (late Lat.):

stomachum,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 28.—

To bring home in opposition or rivalry to another:

eum putat uxor sibi Obduxe scortum,

Plaut. Merc. Arg. 1, 7.—

Trop.

To draw or spread over: obsidionem, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 198 Müll. (Trag. v. 11 Vahl.):

clarissimis rebus tenebras obducere,

i. e. to darken, obscure, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 16:

paulatim tenebris sese obducentibus,

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 143.—

Transf.

To cover, conceal:

obductus verbis dolor,

Verg. A. 10, 64:

obductos rescindere luctus,

Ov. M. 12, 543:

rei publicae obducere cicatricem,

Cic. Leg. Agr. 3, 2, 4.—

Qs., to draw out, i. e. to pass, spend time:

itaque obduxi posterum diem,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1.

ŏb (old form obs, v. III.), prep. with acc. (in late Lat. also with the abl.:

OB PERPETVO EIVS ERGA SE AMORE,

Inscr. Orell. 106) [Osc. op; kindr. with Sanscr. api; Gr. epi].

Lit.

With verbs of motion, towards, to (only ante-class.): IS TERTHS DIEBVS OB PORTVM OBVAGVLATVM ITO, let him go before his house to summon him, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. portum, p. 233 Müll.: ob Romam legiones ducere, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 179 Müll. (Ann. v. 295 Vahl.); cf.:

ob Troiam duxit,

id. ib. p. 178 Müll. (Incert. libr. v. 5 Vahl.): cujus ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39; and ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2 (Trag. Rel. p. 211 Rib.).—

With verbs of rest, about, before, in front of, over (in Cic.):

follem sibi obstringit ob gulam,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23:

lanam ob oculum habere,

id. Mil. 5, 37:

ob oculos mihi caliginem obstitisse,

before my eyes, id. ib. 2, 4, 51:

mors ob oculos saepe versata est,

Cic. Rab. Post. 14, 39; id. Sest. 21, 47:

ignis qui est ob os offusus,

id. Univ. 14.—

Transf., to indicate the object or cause, on account of, for, because of, by reason of, etc.

In gen. (freq. and class.):

etiam ob stultitiam tuam te tueris?

do you still defend yourself with regard to your folly? Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:

pretium ob stultitiam fero,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 4; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 23:

ob eam rem iratus,

on that account, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 33:

neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,

id. ib. 4, 4, 39; Ter. Ad. 5, 6, 7: Mi. Ob eam rem? De. Ob eam, id. ib. 5. 9, 20:

ob rem nullam,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 2:

hanc Epicurus rationem induxit ob eam rem, quod veritus est, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 10, 23:

ob eam causam, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 7, 12: quam ob causam venerant, id. de Or. 1, 7, 26:

non solum ob eam causam fieri volui, quod, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 21, 34:

ob hanc causam, quod,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3:

nec ob aliam causam ullam, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 74:

ob meas injurias,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.:

quodnam ob facinus?

id. ib. 5, 2, 3: ob peccatum hoc. id. ib. v. 37:

ob malefacta haec,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 46:

ob illam injuriam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 25, 46:

ob aliquod emolumentum suum,

id. Font. 8, 17: (eum) ac Troiam misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

ob rem judicandam pecuniam adcipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; id. Att. 1, 17, 8; id. Mur. 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Sall. J. 89, 2; Quint. 5, 10, 87:

nec meliores ob eam scientiam nec beatiores esse possumus,

on account of, for that knowledge, Cic. Rep. 1, 19, 32:

ob eam (amicitiam) summā fide servatam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

is igitur dicitur ab Amulio ob labefactandi regni timorem, ad Tiberim exponi jussus esse,

id. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

unius ob iram Prodimur,

Verg. A. 1, 251; cf.:

saevae memorem Junonis ob iram,

id. ib. 1, 4; cf.

also: aut ob avaritiam aut miserā ambitione laborat,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 26:

barbarus eum quidam palam ob iram interfecti ab eo domini obtruncat,

Liv. 21, 2, 6:

non noxā neque ob metum,

Tac. H. 2, 49:

Germanicum mortem ob rem publicam obiisse,

for the republic, id. A. 2, 83:

cum quibus ob rem pecuniariam disceptabat,

id. ib. 6, 5.—

In partic.

In consideration of, in return for, instead of (mostly ante-class.):

ob asinos ferre argentum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 80; id. Ep. 5, 2, 38:

quin arrhabonem a me accepisti ob mulierem?

id. Rud. 3, 6, 23:

ager oppositus est pignori Ob decem minas,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56: talentum magnum ob unam fabulam datum esse, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 11, 10 fin.:

pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78:

pecuniam ob delicta dare,

Tac. A. 14, 14.—

Ob rem, like ex re (opp. frustra), to the purpose, with advantage, profitably, usefully (very rare): An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, Ter Phorm. 3, 2, 41:

verum id frustra an ob rem faciam, in vostrā manu situm est,

Sall. J. 31, 5.—

Ob industriam, on purpose, intentionally, Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 6; 2, 3, 58 (id. ib. 2, 3, 60, de industriā); cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 14.—

Quam ob rem, also written in one word, quamobrem, on which account, wherefore, therefore, hence, accordingly; a very freq. particle of transition, esp. in Cic.:

quam ob rem id primum videamus, quatenus, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 11, 36:

quam ob rem utrique nostrūm gratum admodum feceris,

id. ib. 4, 16; 2, 10; 3, 12; 4, 15; id. Rep. 1, 5, 9; 1, 19, 32 et saep.—

Ob id, ob hoc, ob haec, ob ea, ob quae, on that account, therefore (not ante-Aug.).

Ob id:

ignaris hostibus et ob id quietis,

Liv. 25, 35; 28, 2; Tac. A. 2, 66; 3, 75; 13, 5:

ob id ipsum,

Curt. 4, 16, 23.—

Ob hoc:

ob hoc cum omnia neglecta apud hostes essent,

Liv. 25, 37; Sen. Q. N. 7, 14, 4; Col. 7, 3, 21; cf.:

ob hoc miserior,

Sen. Ep. 98, 5. —

Ob haec:

ob haec cum legatos mitti placuisset,

Liv. 8, 23; 21, 50; 38, 34; Cels. 1 praef.—

Ob ea:

ob ea consul Albinus senatum de foedere consulebat,

Sall. J. 39, 2.—

Ob quae:

ob quae posterum diem reus petivit,

Tac. A. 2, 30 fin.; Suet. Ner. 13.—

In composition, the b of ob remains unchanged before vowels and most consonants; only before p, f, c, g, is assimilation more common: oppeto, offero, occido, ogganio, etc.—An ancient form obs, analogous to abs, is implied in obs-olesco and os-tendo.—In signification, that of direction towards, or of existence at or before a thing is predominant, although it likewise gives to the simple verb the accessory notion of against: obicere, opponere, obrogare.

partĭcĭpĭum, ii, n. [particeps], a sharing, partaking, participation.

Lit. (post-class.):

omni ad illa participio in posterum abstinere,

Cod. Just. 1, 4, 34, § 3. —Far more freq.,

Transf., in gram., a verbal form which partakes of the functions of a noun, a participle, Varr. L. L. 8, § 58; 9, § 110 Müll.; Quint. 1, 4, 19; 27; 1, 5, 47 et saep.

pinguis, e, adj. [root pag-, pak-, of pango, q. v.; cf. Gr. pachus, stout], = piôn, fat (opp. macer; syn.: opimus, obesus).

Lit.:

pingues Thebani,

Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

pingui tentus omaso Furius,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 40:

me pinguem et nitidum bene curatā cute vises,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

Lateranus,

Juv. 8, 147:

pinguem facere gallinam,

Col. 8, 7:

pinguior agnus,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 5:

pinguissimus haedulus,

Juv. 11, 65: merum, rich, oily wine (= plenum), Hor. S. 2, 4, 65.— Subst.: pingue, is, n., fat, grease, Plin. 11, 37, 85, § 212; Verg. G. 3, 124:

taurorum, leonum ac pantherarum pinguia,

Plin. 28, 9, 38, § 144:

comedite pinguia,

Vulg. 2 Esd. 8, 10.—

Transf.

Pass., fat, rich, fertile; also, plump, in good condition:

ager,

Col. 1, 4; Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 25; cf.:

sanguine pinguior Campus,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 29:

sulcus,

i. e. drawn in a rich soil, Luc. 6, 382:

fimus,

Verg. G. 1, 80:

hortus,

id. ib. 4, 118:

stabula, of beehives,

rich, full of honey, id. ib. 4, 14:

arae,

id. A. 4, 62:

ficus,

plump, juicy, Hor. S. 2, 8, 88; cf.

saliva,

Sen. Ira, 3, 38, 2: flamma, of incense;

tura pingues facientia flammas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 11:

corpora suco pinguis olivae Splendescunt,

id. M. 10, 176:

pingues taedae,

full of pitch, Lucr. 3, 681:

pingues arae,

full of fat and blood, Verg. A. 4, 62:

coma,

anointed, Mart. 2, 29, 5 (different from Suet. Ner. 20; v. infra 3):

mensa,

rich, luxurious, Cat. 62, 3; cf.:

incusa pingui auro dona,

Pers. 2, 52. —Of color, dull, faint, Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115. — Act., that makes fat; hence, meton., fertilizing:

pingui flumine Nilus,

Verg. A. 9, 31.—

Bedaubed, besmeared:

pinguia crura luto,

Juv. 3, 247:

virga,

limed twigs, Mart. 9, 55, 4.—

Thick, dense:

caelum pingue et concretum (opp. caelum tenue et purum),

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

folia pinguissima,

Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

toga,

Suet. Aug. 82:

lacernae,

Juv. 9, 28:

pinguissima coma,

very thick, luxuriant hair, Suet. Ner. 20.—

Of taste, dull, insipid, not sharp, not pungent:

sapor,

Plin. 15, 27, 32, § 106; id. 15, 28, 33, § 109.—

Trop.

Of the mind, dull, gross, heavy, stupid, doltish:

Cordubae natis poëtis pingue quiddam sonantibus et peregrinum,

Cic. Arch. 10, 26:

pingue videbatur et sibi contrarium,

id. Ac. 2, 34, 109:

nec prave factis decorari versibus opto, Ne rubeam pingui donatus munere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 267:

pingue sed ingenium mansit,

Ov. M. 11, 148:

insubidius nescio quid facies et pinguius,

Gell. 13, 21 (20), 4: pinguis Minerva, v. Minerva.—

Siout, bold, strong:

verba,

Quint. 12, 10, 35:

facundia,

Gell. 17, 10, 8.—

Calm, quiet, comfortable, easy ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et pingui membra quiete levat,

Ov. R. Am. 206; id. Am. 1, 13, 7:

amor,

id. ib. 2, 19, 25:

secessus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

mollem in posterum et pinguem destinare vitam,

id. ib. 7, 26, 3:

pinguius otium,

id. ib. 5, 6, 45.—

Sleek, spruce, trim, = nitidus:

pexus pinguisque doctor,

Quint. 1, 5, 14 Spald.— Hence, adv.: pinguĭter.

Lit., fatly, with fatness, Col. 2, 2.—

Transf., abundantly, liberally:

pinguius succurrere,

Dig. 44, 2, 14.—

Trop., dully, stupidly:

pinguius aliquid accipere,

Dig. 42, 1, 49.

pinguis, e, adj. [root pag-, pak-, of pango, q. v.; cf. Gr. pachus, stout], = piôn, fat (opp. macer; syn.: opimus, obesus).

Lit.:

pingues Thebani,

Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

pingui tentus omaso Furius,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 40:

me pinguem et nitidum bene curatā cute vises,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

Lateranus,

Juv. 8, 147:

pinguem facere gallinam,

Col. 8, 7:

pinguior agnus,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 5:

pinguissimus haedulus,

Juv. 11, 65: merum, rich, oily wine (= plenum), Hor. S. 2, 4, 65.— Subst.: pingue, is, n., fat, grease, Plin. 11, 37, 85, § 212; Verg. G. 3, 124:

taurorum, leonum ac pantherarum pinguia,

Plin. 28, 9, 38, § 144:

comedite pinguia,

Vulg. 2 Esd. 8, 10.—

Transf.

Pass., fat, rich, fertile; also, plump, in good condition:

ager,

Col. 1, 4; Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 25; cf.:

sanguine pinguior Campus,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 29:

sulcus,

i. e. drawn in a rich soil, Luc. 6, 382:

fimus,

Verg. G. 1, 80:

hortus,

id. ib. 4, 118:

stabula, of beehives,

rich, full of honey, id. ib. 4, 14:

arae,

id. A. 4, 62:

ficus,

plump, juicy, Hor. S. 2, 8, 88; cf.

saliva,

Sen. Ira, 3, 38, 2: flamma, of incense;

tura pingues facientia flammas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 11:

corpora suco pinguis olivae Splendescunt,

id. M. 10, 176:

pingues taedae,

full of pitch, Lucr. 3, 681:

pingues arae,

full of fat and blood, Verg. A. 4, 62:

coma,

anointed, Mart. 2, 29, 5 (different from Suet. Ner. 20; v. infra 3):

mensa,

rich, luxurious, Cat. 62, 3; cf.:

incusa pingui auro dona,

Pers. 2, 52. —Of color, dull, faint, Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115. — Act., that makes fat; hence, meton., fertilizing:

pingui flumine Nilus,

Verg. A. 9, 31.—

Bedaubed, besmeared:

pinguia crura luto,

Juv. 3, 247:

virga,

limed twigs, Mart. 9, 55, 4.—

Thick, dense:

caelum pingue et concretum (opp. caelum tenue et purum),

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

folia pinguissima,

Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

toga,

Suet. Aug. 82:

lacernae,

Juv. 9, 28:

pinguissima coma,

very thick, luxuriant hair, Suet. Ner. 20.—

Of taste, dull, insipid, not sharp, not pungent:

sapor,

Plin. 15, 27, 32, § 106; id. 15, 28, 33, § 109.—

Trop.

Of the mind, dull, gross, heavy, stupid, doltish:

Cordubae natis poëtis pingue quiddam sonantibus et peregrinum,

Cic. Arch. 10, 26:

pingue videbatur et sibi contrarium,

id. Ac. 2, 34, 109:

nec prave factis decorari versibus opto, Ne rubeam pingui donatus munere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 267:

pingue sed ingenium mansit,

Ov. M. 11, 148:

insubidius nescio quid facies et pinguius,

Gell. 13, 21 (20), 4: pinguis Minerva, v. Minerva.—

Siout, bold, strong:

verba,

Quint. 12, 10, 35:

facundia,

Gell. 17, 10, 8.—

Calm, quiet, comfortable, easy ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et pingui membra quiete levat,

Ov. R. Am. 206; id. Am. 1, 13, 7:

amor,

id. ib. 2, 19, 25:

secessus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

mollem in posterum et pinguem destinare vitam,

id. ib. 7, 26, 3:

pinguius otium,

id. ib. 5, 6, 45.—

Sleek, spruce, trim, = nitidus:

pexus pinguisque doctor,

Quint. 1, 5, 14 Spald.— Hence, adv.: pinguĭter.

Lit., fatly, with fatness, Col. 2, 2.—

Transf., abundantly, liberally:

pinguius succurrere,

Dig. 44, 2, 14.—

Trop., dully, stupidly:

pinguius aliquid accipere,

Dig. 42, 1, 49.

pinguis, e, adj. [root pag-, pak-, of pango, q. v.; cf. Gr. pachus, stout], = piôn, fat (opp. macer; syn.: opimus, obesus).

Lit.:

pingues Thebani,

Cic. Fat. 4, 7:

pingui tentus omaso Furius,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 40:

me pinguem et nitidum bene curatā cute vises,

id. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

Lateranus,

Juv. 8, 147:

pinguem facere gallinam,

Col. 8, 7:

pinguior agnus,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 5:

pinguissimus haedulus,

Juv. 11, 65: merum, rich, oily wine (= plenum), Hor. S. 2, 4, 65.— Subst.: pingue, is, n., fat, grease, Plin. 11, 37, 85, § 212; Verg. G. 3, 124:

taurorum, leonum ac pantherarum pinguia,

Plin. 28, 9, 38, § 144:

comedite pinguia,

Vulg. 2 Esd. 8, 10.—

Transf.

Pass., fat, rich, fertile; also, plump, in good condition:

ager,

Col. 1, 4; Plin. 17, 4, 3, § 25; cf.:

sanguine pinguior Campus,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 29:

sulcus,

i. e. drawn in a rich soil, Luc. 6, 382:

fimus,

Verg. G. 1, 80:

hortus,

id. ib. 4, 118:

stabula, of beehives,

rich, full of honey, id. ib. 4, 14:

arae,

id. A. 4, 62:

ficus,

plump, juicy, Hor. S. 2, 8, 88; cf.

saliva,

Sen. Ira, 3, 38, 2: flamma, of incense;

tura pingues facientia flammas,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 11:

corpora suco pinguis olivae Splendescunt,

id. M. 10, 176:

pingues taedae,

full of pitch, Lucr. 3, 681:

pingues arae,

full of fat and blood, Verg. A. 4, 62:

coma,

anointed, Mart. 2, 29, 5 (different from Suet. Ner. 20; v. infra 3):

mensa,

rich, luxurious, Cat. 62, 3; cf.:

incusa pingui auro dona,

Pers. 2, 52. —Of color, dull, faint, Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115. — Act., that makes fat; hence, meton., fertilizing:

pingui flumine Nilus,

Verg. A. 9, 31.—

Bedaubed, besmeared:

pinguia crura luto,

Juv. 3, 247:

virga,

limed twigs, Mart. 9, 55, 4.—

Thick, dense:

caelum pingue et concretum (opp. caelum tenue et purum),

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

folia pinguissima,

Plin. 21, 9, 29, § 53:

toga,

Suet. Aug. 82:

lacernae,

Juv. 9, 28:

pinguissima coma,

very thick, luxuriant hair, Suet. Ner. 20.—

Of taste, dull, insipid, not sharp, not pungent:

sapor,

Plin. 15, 27, 32, § 106; id. 15, 28, 33, § 109.—

Trop.

Of the mind, dull, gross, heavy, stupid, doltish:

Cordubae natis poëtis pingue quiddam sonantibus et peregrinum,

Cic. Arch. 10, 26:

pingue videbatur et sibi contrarium,

id. Ac. 2, 34, 109:

nec prave factis decorari versibus opto, Ne rubeam pingui donatus munere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 267:

pingue sed ingenium mansit,

Ov. M. 11, 148:

insubidius nescio quid facies et pinguius,

Gell. 13, 21 (20), 4: pinguis Minerva, v. Minerva.—

Siout, bold, strong:

verba,

Quint. 12, 10, 35:

facundia,

Gell. 17, 10, 8.—

Calm, quiet, comfortable, easy ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

et pingui membra quiete levat,

Ov. R. Am. 206; id. Am. 1, 13, 7:

amor,

id. ib. 2, 19, 25:

secessus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 3:

mollem in posterum et pinguem destinare vitam,

id. ib. 7, 26, 3:

pinguius otium,

id. ib. 5, 6, 45.—

Sleek, spruce, trim, = nitidus:

pexus pinguisque doctor,

Quint. 1, 5, 14 Spald.— Hence, adv.: pinguĭter.

Lit., fatly, with fatness, Col. 2, 2.—

Transf., abundantly, liberally:

pinguius succurrere,

Dig. 44, 2, 14.—

Trop., dully, stupidly:

pinguius aliquid accipere,

Dig. 42, 1, 49.

prae-lūceo, xi, 2, v. n.

To shine or give light before; to hold or carry a light before, to light.

Lit.

Of those who carry a light:

servus praelucens,

Suet. Aug. 29:

alicui,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 89.—

Of the light itself:

praeluxere faces,

Mart. 12, 42, 3:

ne ignis noster praeluceat facinori,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 9.—

Trop.

In gen., to shine forth, be bright:

amicitia bonā spe praelucet in posterum,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23.—With acc.:

lumenque tuae praeluceo vitae,

Aus. Idyll. 4, 95.—

In partic., to shine brighter, to outshine, surpass:

nullus sinus Baiis praelucet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 83.—

To shine very much, shine brightly:

baculum praelucet,

Plin. 32, 10, 52, § 141.

prae-sum, fūi, esse, v. n., to be before a thing; hence, to be set over, to preside or rule over, to have the charge or command of, to superintend (class.).

With dat.:

omnibus Druidibus praeest unus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

qui oppido praeerat,

id. ib. 2, 6:

regionibus,

id. ib. 5, 22:

provinciae,

Sall. C. 42, 3:

censor factus, severe praefuit ei potestati,

Nep. Cat. 2, 3:

classi,

to have the command of the fleet, Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

exercitui,

id. ib. 3, 57:

alicui negotio,

to have charge of it, to carry it on, id. ib. 3, 61:

ei studio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 235:

artificio,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 76:

vigiliis,

to superintend, Sall. C. 30, 6:

regiis opibus,

Nep. Con. 4, 3:

rebus regiis,

id. Phoc. 3, 4:

statuis faciendis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 59, § 144:

aedibus, i. e. aedilem esse,

Dig. 1, 2, 2: mercimoniis, Cod. 5, 5, 7.—

Absol.:

praeesse in provinciā,

to be governor, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 180.—

Transf.

To be the chief person, to take the lead in any thing:

non enim paruit ille Ti. Gracchi temeritati, sed praefuit,

Cic. Lael. 11, 37:

qui non solum interfuit his rebus, sed etiam praefuit,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 1:

illi crudelitati non solum praeesse, verum etiam interesse,

id. Att. 9, 6, 7.—

To protect, defend ( poet.):

stant quoque pro nobis, et praesunt moenibus Urbis,

Ov. F. 5, 135.—Hence, praesens, entis ( abl. sing. of persons usually praesente; of things, praesenti), adj.

That is before one, in sight or at hand, present, in person (rarely of the immediate presence of the speaker or writer, for which the proper case of hic is used; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 908, and v. infra):

assum praesens praesenti tibi,

I am with you, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 27: non quia ades praesens, dico hoc, because you happen to be present, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 39:

quo praesente,

in whose presence, Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112:

quod adest quodque praesens est,

id. Off. 1, 4, 11; so,

nihil nisi praesens et quod adest,

id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:

vivi atque praesentes,

id. Off. 1, 44, 156:

praesens tecum egi,

myself, in person, id. Fam. 2, 7, 4:

perinde ac si ipse interfuerit, et praesens viderit,

id. Inv. 1, 54, 104:

praesens sermo,

communication by word of mouth, id. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1:

praesens in praesentem multa dixerat,

id. Att. 11, 12, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 34: praesente for praesentibus (ante-class.): praesente amicis, Pompon. ap. Don. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; so, testibus, id. ap. Non. 154, 17:

his,

Att. ib. 154, 19:

suis,

Fenest. ib. 154, 20:

omnibus,

Nov. ib. 154, 23: legatis, Varr. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: nobis, Ter. ib.—

Esp., of time:

narratio praeteritarum rerum aut praesentium,

Cic. Part. Or. 4, 13:

non solum inopia praesentis, sed etiam futuri temporis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 52 init.:

praesens tempus futuri metu perdere,

Sen. Ep. 24, 1:

tempus enim tribus partibus constat, praeterito, praesente, futuro,

id. ib. 124, 17.—Esp. in opp. to other times referred to:

quanta tempestas invidiae nobis si minus in praesens tempus... at in posteritatem impendeat,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 22:

et reliqui temporis recuperandi ratio, et praesentis tuendi,

id. Att. 8, 9, 3:

et consiliorum superiorum conscientiā et praesentis temporis moderatione me consoler,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 6; id. Fl. 1, 3.—Very rarely alone, of the times of the writer or speaker. as opp. to the times of which he speaks:

quod pietas principis nostri praesentium quoque temporum decus fecit,

Quint. 3, 7, 9:

vive moribus praeteritis, loquere verbis praesentibus,

now in use, Gell. 1, 10, 4.—Also of a time spoken of, present to the mind, existing:

movit Scipionem cum fortuna pristina viri, praesenti fortunae conlata,

Liv. 30, 13, 8:

populo erat persuasum, et adversas superiores et praesentes secundas res accidisse, etc.,

Nep. Alcib. 6, 2:

praetor factus non solum praesenti bello,

id. Them. 2, 1:

et praesens aetas et posteritas deinde mirata est,

Curt. 9, 10, 28:

praesentem saevitiam melioris olim fortunae recordatione allevabant,

Tac. A. 14, 63: in praesens tempus, and more freq. absol., in praesens, for the present:

pleraque differat, et praesens in tempus omittat,

Hor. A. P. 44; so (opp. in posteritatem) Cic. Cat 1, 9, 22:

si fortuna in praesens deseruit,

Tac. H. 4, 58; cf.:

laetus in praesens animus,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 25: ad praesens tempus, or simply ad praesens, for the present:

Harpagus ad praesens tempus dissimulato dolore,

for the moment, Just. 1, 5, 7:

quod factum aspere acceptum ad praesens, mox, etc.,

at the time, Tac. A. 4, 31; 40:

munimentum ad praesens, in posterum ultionem,

id. H. 1, 44; Suet. Tit. 6:

vocem adimere ad praesens,

for a short time, Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 80: praesenti tempore and in praesenti, at present, now:

praesenti tempore,

Ov. F. 3, 478:

haec ad te in praesenti scripsi, ut speres,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 4:

in praesenti,

Nep. Att. 12, 5; Liv. 34, 35, 11.—Prov.: praesenti fortuna pejor est futuri metus, Ps.-Quint. Decl. 12, 15.— Subst.: praesentĭa, ĭum, n., present circumstances, the present state of affairs:

cum hortatur ferenda esse praesentia,

Suet. Aug. 87:

praesentia sequi,

Tac. H. 4, 59:

ex praeteritis enim aestimari solent praesentia,

Quint. 5, 10, 28:

sed penitus haerens amor fastidio praesentium accensus est,

Curt. 8, 3, 6.—Esp., in phrase in praesentia (sc. tempora), for the present, at this time, under present circumstances:

hoc video in praesentia opus esse,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

providere quid oneris in praesentia tollant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

quae in praesentia in mentem mihi venerunt,

id. Fam. 4, 5, 1; id. Fin. 5, 8, 21; Liv. 31, 22, 8; 33, 27, 10; 33, 28, 6; Tac. Agr. 31; 39; Suet. Tib. 22; id. Claud. 4; Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 14; Plin. 12, 3, 7, § 14.—Very rarely in praesentia, at hand, on hand, on the spot:

id quod in praesentia vestimentorum fuit, arripuit,

Nep. Alcib. 10, 5; cf.: in re praesenti, infra: in rem praesentem venire, to go to the place itself, go to the very spot, for the sake of a closer examination, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 250:

in rem praesentem venias oportet, quia homines amplius oculis quam auribus credunt,

Sen. Ep. 6, 5: in rem praesentem perducere audientes, to transport one's hearers to the very spot, Quint. 4, 2, 123: in re praesenti, in the place itself, on the spot:

in re praesenti, ex copiā piscariā consulere, quid emam, aequom est,

when I am on the spot, Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 65; Liv. 40, 9:

eodem anno inter populum Carthaginiensem et regem Masinissam in re praesenti disceptatores Romani de agro fuerunt,

id. 40, 17; Quint. 6, 2, 31:

praesenti bello,

while war is raging, Nep. Them. 2, 1; so sup.:

quod praesentissimis quibusque periculis desit,

Quint. 10, 7, 1; and comp.:

jam praesentior res erat,

Liv. 2, 36, 5.—

That happens or is done immediately, immediate, instant, prompt, ready, direct:

praesens poena sit,

the punishment might be instant, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:

preces,

immediate, not delayed, Prop. 2, 23, 64 (3, 28, 12):

mercari praesenti pecuniā,

with ready money, cash, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 8; Cic. Clu. 12, 34:

numerare praesentes denarios ducentos,

Petr. 109:

nummi,

id. 137:

supplicium,

instant execution, Tac. A. 1, 38:

Maelium praesenti morte multavit,

Flor. 1, 26:

praesens debitum,

Dig. 12, 1, 9; 20, 1, 13: praesenti die dari, in ready money:

quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, praesenti die pecunia debetur,

ib. 45, 1, 41:

libertatem aut praesenti die, aut sub condicione dare,

ib. 28, 7, 22.—Hence, adv.: prae-sens (opp. in diem), forthwith, immediately:

si, cum in diem mihi deberetur, fraudator praesens solverit,

in ready money, in cash, Dig. 42, 9, 10:

quod vel praesens vel ex die dari potest,

ib. 7, 1, 4.—

That operates immediately or quickly, instant, prompt, efficacious, powerful (i. q. valens):

praesens auxilium oblatum est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107:

non ulla magis praesens fortuna laborum est,

no more effective cure for their troubles, Verg. G. 3, 452:

quo non praesentius ullum, Pocula si quando saevae infecere novercae,

id. ib. 2, 127:

si quid praesentius audes,

more effective, bolder, id. A. 12, 152:

praesentissimum remedium,

Col. 6, 14; Plin. 28, 5, 14, § 53.—With objectclause:

o diva... Praesens vel imo tollere de gradu Mortale corpus, vel, etc.,

mighty, able, Hor. C. 1, 35, 2.—

Of disposition or character, present, collected, resolute:

animo virili praesentique ut sis, para,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 64:

si cui virtus animusque in pectore praesens,

Verg. A. 5, 363:

animus acer et praesens,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:

non plures, sed etiam praesentioribus animis,

Liv. 31, 46:

praesentissimo animo pugnare, Auct. B. Alex. 40: Crassus, ut praesens ingenio semper respondit,

Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—

Present, aiding, favoring, propitious:

Hercules tantus, et tam praesens habetur deus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6; 3, 5, 11:

deus,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

tu dea, tu praesens, nostro succurre labori,

Verg. A. 9, 404:

modo diva triformis Adjuvet, et praesens ingentibus adnuat ausis,

Ov. M. 7, 178.— Comp.:

nihil illo (praesagio) praesentius,

Flor. 4, 7, 9.—

Appropriate, pertinent, timely:

praesens hic quidemst apologus,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

en hercle praesens somnium,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 41.

prō-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre ( inf. pass. parag. proferrier, Lucr. 1, 207;

proferis for profers,

Firm. Mat. 22, 3), v. a.

Lit.

To carry or bring out, to bring forth (class.; cf.: prodo, produco, adduco): Al. Vin' proferri pateram? Am. Proferri volo. Al. Fiat:

tu, Thessala, intus pateram proferto foras,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 137:

arma tormentaque ex oppido,

Caes. B. C. 2, 22:

(nummos) ex arcā,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 29.—

To extend, stretch, or thrust out:

linguam in tussiendo,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 50:

manum,

id. Ps. 3, 2, 72:

digitum,

Cic. Caecin. 25, 71.—

Se proferre, to raise one's self, show one's self, appear (post-Aug.):

draco e pulvino se proferens,

Suet. Ner. 6.—

To offer, proffer:

alicui minas viginti argenti,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 60.—Esp.,

Proferre gradum or pedem, to go on, proceed:

gradum proferam, progredi properabo,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 2: gradum pedum proferre, Enn ap Fest. p. 249:

passus, Lucr 4, 874: longe pedem,

Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.: pedem, Hor A. P 135. —

As milit. t. t.: signa proferre, to advance the standards, march on, Liv 4, 32, 10; so,

proferre inde castra,

id. 10, 33, 7:

quidquid ab urbe longius proferrent arma,

id. 7, 32, 6.—Also,

Nautical t t.:

pedibus profatis in contrarium navigare,

to sail close to the wind, Plin. 2, 47, 48; cf.:

prolato pede transversos captare notos,

Sen. Med. 321.—

Transf.

To bring forth, produce, cause to grow, of plants (postAug.):

caelum laurum patitur, atque etiam nitidissimam profert,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

semen,

Plin. 17, 13, 20, § 95 (al. perfert). —

Of pronunciation, to utter, pronounce (post-Aug.):

extremas syllabas,

Quint. 11, 3, 33.—

To extend, enlarge (class.):

castra, Caes, B. C. 1, 81: et proferre libet fines,

Juv. 14, 142:

pomoerium,

Gell. 13, 14, 2.—

To put off, defer, adjourn, etc. (class.): rem aliquot dies, Cat. ap. Gell. 7, 3, 14:

auctionis diem laxius proferre,

Cic. Att. 13, 14, 1:

aliquid in diem posterum,

Gell. 1, 23, 5; cf. Liv. 3, 20, 6.—

Of a painter, to bring out, to represent distinctly (post-Aug.);

venas protulit,

Plin. 35, 8, 34, § 56.—

Trop.

With se, to raise, elevate one's self (post-Aug.):

qui se ipsi protulerunt,

who have raised themselves from ignorance, Sen. Ep. 52, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 1.—

To bring out, make known, produce in public, publish (class.):

ejus (orationis) proferendae arbitrium tuum,

Cic. Att. 15, 13, 1:

artem,

to exhibit publicly, Suet. Ner 25 —

To bring forth, produce, invent, discover, make known, reveal (class.):

artem,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2:

palam proferre aliquid, Ter Ad. 3, 2, 41: cum illa indicia communis exitii indagavi, patefeci, protuli,

Cic. Mil. 37, 102:

aliquid foras,

id. Cael. 23, 57:

rem in medium,

id. Fam. 15, 2, 6:

secreta animi,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141:

Montanum, quia protulerit ingenium, extorrem agi,

displayed his genius, Tac. A. 16, 29 fin. —

To bring forward, quote, cite, mention (class.);

libros,

Cic. N. D. 1, 40, 113:

testes, legatos,

id. Balb. 18, 41:

auctores,

id. de Or 2, 71, 290:

nominatim multos,

id. Rosc. Am 16, 47;

paucos belli duces praestantissimos,

id. de Or 1, 2, 7:

vinolentiam alicujus,

id. Phil. 2, 39, 101:

vim, potentiam, factiones, divitias, clientelas, affinitates adversariorum,

Auct. Her. 1, 5, 8:

aliquid in medium,

Cic. Verr 2, 4, 52, § 115; id. Fin. 2, 23, 76; Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 41:

memoriter Progeniem suam usque ab avo atque atavo, Ter Phorm. 2, 3, 48: exempla omnium nota,

Cic. Div 1, 46, 103.—

To extend, enlarge:

fines officiorum,

Cic. Mur. 31, 65:

memoriam alicujus,

to prolong, Plin. Ep. 5, 12, 2:

ut vita ejus debuerit inmortalitate proferri,

id. ib. 2, 7, 4; 3, 7, 14.—

To impel:

si paulo longius pietas Caecilium protulisset,

Cic. Sull. 23, 64.—With se:

cum se ad clarissimorum civium strages caedesque proferret,

Plin. Pan. 48.—

To lengthen out, prolong (class.):

beatam vitam usque ad rogum proferre,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

ut depositi proferret fata parentis,

Verg. A. 12, 395.

prō-nuntĭo ( prōnunc-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to make publicly known, to publish, proclaim, announce (cf.: edico, promulgo).

Lit.

In gen.: palam [p. 1467] de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat, sese ejus nomen recepturum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

cum consules amplius de consilii sententiā pronuntiavissent,

id. Brut. 22, 86:

sententiam,

to deliver the verdict, id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

judex ita pronuntiavit,

pronounced the decision, id. Off. 3, 16, 66:

re auditā, pronuntiare,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

leges,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 24:

signum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

proelium in posterum diem,

Liv. 24, 14:

iter,

id. 30, 10; Curt. 4, 8, 16; 7, 2, 1:

rem in venundando,

to notify at the time of sale, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

jusserunt pronuntiare, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33, 3; cf.:

pronuntiare jusserunt, ne quis ab loco discederet,

id. ib. 5, 34:

rerum omnium maximus judex, cujus est non argumentari sed pronuntiare verum,

Lact. 3, 1, 11.—Of a public crier:

pronuntiare victorum nomina,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 8; Suet. Dom. 10.—

In partic.

To nominate, appoint as public officer:

aliquem praetorem,

Liv. 24, 27; Suet. Caes. 41.—

To sentence (post-class.); with inf.:

protectores pronuntiati vertere solum in exilio,

Amm. 15, 3, 12; cf.:

ad bestias,

Tert. Res. Carn. 16; Dig. 40, 1, 23.—

To promise, proclaim, offer as a reward:

praemia militi,

Liv. 2, 20; 31, 45:

pecuniam,

Cic. Clu. 29, 78:

tribunis vocatis nummos,

Sen. Ep. 118, 3; Suet. Caes. 19:

militibus donativum,

id. Galb. 16:

beneficia,

id. Ner. 24:

munus populo,

id. Caes. 26:

quippe Darius mille talenta interfectori Alexandri daturum pronuntiari jusserat,

Curt. 3, 5, 15.— Absol.:

pronuntiasse (sc. nummos),

Cic. Planc. 18, 45.—

Transf.

To speak any thing in public, to recite, rehearse, declaim, deliver, pronounce, etc.:

versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; 1, 19, 88; 2, 19, 79; id. Div. 2, 5, 14; Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69; Quint. 11, 3, 12 sq.; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 12 et saep.—

Esp., to act, perform on the stage:

intente instanterque,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 16:

actores pronuntiare dicuntur,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 58 Müll.:

Lucceia mima centum annis in scenā pronuntiavit,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 158.—

To tell, announce, relate, narrate, report:

cum eam rem scisset et non pronuntiasset,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

mercatores quibus ex regionibus veniant, pronuntiare cogunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 5, 2:

quae gesta sunt pronuntiare,

id. ib. 7, 38:

aliquid sincere,

id. ib. 7, 20:

alius jam capta castra pronuntiat,

id. ib. 6, 36.—

To utter, pronounce (cf.:

appello, dico): neque tamen ad particula accentu acuto pronuntiatur,

Gell. 6 (7), 8, 8, §

2: Castorem mediă syllabă productă,

Quint. 1, 5, 60; 9, 4, 34:

verba corrupte,

Gell. 13, 30, 2.—Hence, prōnuntĭātum ( prōnunc-), i, n. In logic, a proposition, axiom; a translation of the Gr. axiôma, Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; cf. Gell. 16, 8, 8.

prō-nuntĭo ( prōnunc-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a., to make publicly known, to publish, proclaim, announce (cf.: edico, promulgo).

Lit.

In gen.: palam [p. 1467] de sellā ac tribunali pronuntiat, sese ejus nomen recepturum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

cum consules amplius de consilii sententiā pronuntiavissent,

id. Brut. 22, 86:

sententiam,

to deliver the verdict, id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

judex ita pronuntiavit,

pronounced the decision, id. Off. 3, 16, 66:

re auditā, pronuntiare,

id. Fin. 1, 7, 24:

leges,

id. Phil. 1, 10, 24:

signum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 15:

proelium in posterum diem,

Liv. 24, 14:

iter,

id. 30, 10; Curt. 4, 8, 16; 7, 2, 1:

rem in venundando,

to notify at the time of sale, Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

jusserunt pronuntiare, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33, 3; cf.:

pronuntiare jusserunt, ne quis ab loco discederet,

id. ib. 5, 34:

rerum omnium maximus judex, cujus est non argumentari sed pronuntiare verum,

Lact. 3, 1, 11.—Of a public crier:

pronuntiare victorum nomina,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 8; Suet. Dom. 10.—

In partic.

To nominate, appoint as public officer:

aliquem praetorem,

Liv. 24, 27; Suet. Caes. 41.—

To sentence (post-class.); with inf.:

protectores pronuntiati vertere solum in exilio,

Amm. 15, 3, 12; cf.:

ad bestias,

Tert. Res. Carn. 16; Dig. 40, 1, 23.—

To promise, proclaim, offer as a reward:

praemia militi,

Liv. 2, 20; 31, 45:

pecuniam,

Cic. Clu. 29, 78:

tribunis vocatis nummos,

Sen. Ep. 118, 3; Suet. Caes. 19:

militibus donativum,

id. Galb. 16:

beneficia,

id. Ner. 24:

munus populo,

id. Caes. 26:

quippe Darius mille talenta interfectori Alexandri daturum pronuntiari jusserat,

Curt. 3, 5, 15.— Absol.:

pronuntiasse (sc. nummos),

Cic. Planc. 18, 45.—

Transf.

To speak any thing in public, to recite, rehearse, declaim, deliver, pronounce, etc.:

versus multos uno spiritu pronuntiare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261; 1, 19, 88; 2, 19, 79; id. Div. 2, 5, 14; Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69; Quint. 11, 3, 12 sq.; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 12 et saep.—

Esp., to act, perform on the stage:

intente instanterque,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 16:

actores pronuntiare dicuntur,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 58 Müll.:

Lucceia mima centum annis in scenā pronuntiavit,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 158.—

To tell, announce, relate, narrate, report:

cum eam rem scisset et non pronuntiasset,

Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:

mercatores quibus ex regionibus veniant, pronuntiare cogunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 5, 2:

quae gesta sunt pronuntiare,

id. ib. 7, 38:

aliquid sincere,

id. ib. 7, 20:

alius jam capta castra pronuntiat,

id. ib. 6, 36.—

To utter, pronounce (cf.:

appello, dico): neque tamen ad particula accentu acuto pronuntiatur,

Gell. 6 (7), 8, 8, §

2: Castorem mediă syllabă productă,

Quint. 1, 5, 60; 9, 4, 34:

verba corrupte,

Gell. 13, 30, 2.—Hence, prōnuntĭātum ( prōnunc-), i, n. In logic, a proposition, axiom; a translation of the Gr. axiôma, Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 14; cf. Gell. 16, 8, 8.

prō-vĭdĕo, vīdi, vīsum, 2, v. n. and a.

Lit., to see forwards or before one's self, to see in the distance, to discern, descry (very rare):

ubi, quid petatur, procul provideri nequeat,

Liv. 44, 35, 12.—

Trop.

To be provident or cautious, to act with foresight, to take care (rare but class.; syn. praecaveo): actum de te est, nisi provides. Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4; id. Rab. Post. 1, 1:

nisi providisses, tibi ipsi pereundum fuisset,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 61, § 157.—

To see to, look after, care for; to provide, make preparation or provision for any thing (freq. and class.); constr. absol., with dat., de, ut, ne: multum in posterum providerunt, quod, etc., Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

nihil me curassis, ego mihi providero,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 93:

rei frumentariae,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

condicioni omnium civium,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22:

ut consulas omnibus, ut provideas saluti,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 31.— Impers. pass.:

a dis vitae hominum consuli et provideri,

Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 4:

est autem de Brundusio providendum,

id. Phil. 11, 11, 26; cf.:

de re frumentariā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

de frumento,

id. B. G. 3, 3:

ut quam rectissime agantur omnia providebo,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4.—So with ne, Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 51:

cura et provide, ne quid ei desit,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

ne qua civitas suis finibus recipiat, a me provisum est,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20; cf. impers.:

provisum est, ne, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 14:

provisum atque praecautum est, ne quid, etc.,

Liv. 36, 17.—

Lit., to see or perceive in the distance (very rare):

nave provisā,

Suet. Tib. 14; id. Dom. 14.—

Trop.

In respect of time, to see or perceive beforehand, to foresee; to see before or earlier (class.): si qui, quae eventura sunt, provideant, Pac. ap. Gell. 14, 1, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 407 Rib.); cf. Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47:

rem, quam mens providit,

Lucr. 4, 884:

quod ego, priusquam loqui coepisti, sensi atque providi,

Cic. Vatin. 2, 4; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 30:

medicus morbum ingravescentem ratione providet, insidias imperator, tempestates gubernator,

Cic. Div. 2, 6, 16:

providere, quid futurum sit,

id. Mur. 2, 4:

quod adhuc conjecturā provideri possit,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

tempestas ante provisa,

id. Tusc. 3, 22, 52:

ratio explorata atque provisa,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15:

non hercle te provideram,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 44:

aliquem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 69.—

To see to, look after, care for, give attention to; to prepare or provide for any thing:

eas cellas provident, ne habeant in solo umorem,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

ut res tempusque postulat, provideas atque administres,

Cic. Fam. 14, 21:

providentia haec potissimum providet, ut, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

omnia,

Sall. C. 60, 4:

ea, quae ad usum navium pertinerent,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9:

rem frumentariam,

id. ib. 6, 9; cf.:

frumento exercitui proviso,

id. ib. 6, 44:

provisi ante commeatūs,

Tac. A. 15, 4:

verbaque provisam rem non invita sequentur,

Hor. A. P. 311:

omnia quae multo ante memoi provisa repones,

Verg. G. 1, 167; cf.: providebam Dominum in conspectu meo, kept in view, i. e. in mind, Vulg. Psa. 15, 8.—

Providere aliquid, to prevent, obviate an evil (syn. cavere):

neque omnino facere aut providere quicquam poterant,

Sall. J. 99, 2 Kritz:

quicquid provideri potest, provide,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1:

quae consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur,

id. ib. 10, 16, 2; Liv. 36, 17, 2; Plin. 34, 6, 14, § 30 Sillig; 34, 7, 18, § 40; Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 6.—Hence,

prōvĭ-dens, entis, P. a., foreseeing, provident, prudent (class.):

homo multum providens,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 9.— Comp.:

id est providentius,

more prudent, Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 1.— Sup.:

providentissimus quisque,

Tac. H. 1, 85; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 6.— Adv.: prōvĭdenter, with foresight, providently, prudently, Sall. J. 90, 1; Plin. Pan. 1; Dig. 47, 3, 1.— Comp.:

quanto melius quanto providentius,

Quint. Decl. 14, 8.— Sup.:

providentissime,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94; Plin. Ep. 10, 61 (69), 1; 10, 77 (81), 1.—

prōvīsō, adv., with foresight or forethought, prudently:

temere, proviso,

Tac. A. 12, 39.

rĕlĭquus (sometimes written rĕlĭcuus, rell-, -qus, v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 305; Freund ad Cic. Mil. p. 31-34. Rēlĭcŭus as a quadrisyl., Lucr. 1, 560 Munro ad loc.; 4, 976), a, um, adj. [relinquo, I.], that is left or remains, that is left behind, remaining, = relictus (freq. and a good prose word; not found in Cat., Tib., Verg., or Hor.).

With dat.:

hoc mihi unum ex plurimis miseriis reliquom fuerat malum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 55:

ut spes nulla reliqua in te siet tibi,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 9:

potes mulo isto, quem tibi reliquum dicis esse, Romam pervehi,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4:

quod erant oppida mihi etiam complura reliqua,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65:

quae deprecatio est igitur ei reliqua, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

120: quibus lubido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerat,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

reliqua alia optio,

Quint. 7, 7, 8.—

Without a dat., Cato ap. Prisc. p. 696 P.: ne a stirpe genus nostrum interiret et uti aliqua propago generis nostri reliqua esset (just before, restare), C. Gracch. ap. Schol. Cic. Sull. 9, p. 365 Orell.; cf.:

neu causa ulla restet reliqua, Quin, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 11:

ex quā (familiā) reliquus est M. Titurnius Rufus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 39; cf. id. Clu. 7, 22:

reliquos hos esse non ex bello... sed ex tuo scelere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 124; and:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; and with this cf. Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 15 (p. 216 Gerl.):

qui lucus in Graeciā totā tam sanctus fuit, in quo ullum simulacrum, ullum ornamentum reliquum sit?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

si qua reliqua spes est, quae sociorum animos consolari possit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18. — Esp., subst.: rĕlĭquum ( - quom), i, n., that is left, a remainder, residue, rest:

numquam ab amatore suo postulat id, quod datum est, Sed reliquom dat operam, ne sit reliquum,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 15:

quod ad vos, spectatores, reliquum relinquitur, More majorum date plausum, id. Cist. grex 5: ut pernoscatis, ecquid spei sit relicuom,

Ter. And. prol. 25; cf. id. Eun. 5, 5 (6), 26:

addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fuit,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

quid reliqui'st, quin habeat quae quidem in homine dicuntur bona,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 19:

quid enim est huic reliqui, quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 31, 89:

cum reliqui nihil sit omnino, quod pertinet ad nos,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

quid reliqui habemus praeter,

Sall. C. 20, 13:

nec, quod ab hoste crudelius pati possent, reliqui quicquam fuit,

Liv. 32, 13.— With gen. (syn. reliquiae): illud breve vitae reliquum nec avide adpetendum senibus sit, Cic. Sen. 20, 72:

Agrigentum, quod belli reliquum erat,

i. e. where alone the war was afterwards carried on, Liv. 26, 40; cf., in plur.:

reliqua belli perfecta,

id. 9, 16; and Tac. H. 4, 2:

ubi reliquum vitae degere tuto posset,

Liv. 39, 13:

reliquum dici,

id. 2, 25, 2; 3, 15, 8; 3, 52, 5:

corporis reliqua,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 21 fin. (but in Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 4, the correct read. is:

reliquom vitae spatium, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).— So in late Lat. persaep.: reliqua verborum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 41:

urbis,

id. 1 Par. 11, 8.—

Partic. constructions.

Reliquum est, ut, or with inf., it remains, that (syn.:

relinquitur, restat, superest): reliquum est, ut officiis certemus inter nos,

Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 1; id. Att. 7, 13, 4; id. Fl. 14, 32; Nep. Att. 21, 5; Quint. 5, 7, 19; cf.:

reliquum est, ubi nunc est res publica, ibi simus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 3 (where B. and K. supply ut, ex conj.); so,

reliquum est, tuam profectionem amore prosequar,

id. ib. 15, 21, 5.—With inf.:

nunc hortari modo reliquum est et ire,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3,22 (p. 232 Gerl.).—

Reliquum (aliquem, aliquid) or aliquid reliqui facere, a periphrase for relinquere, and in the twofold signification of that word.

To leave behind, leave remaining:

ut arent, quibus aratrum saltem aliquod satelles istius Apronius relicum fecit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

quos belli calamitas reliquos fecerat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 53, §

126: haec addita cura vix mihi vitam reliquam fecit,

id. Att. 3, 8, 2:

si quos fortuna fecisset reliquos,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 24 fin.; cf.:

quos reliquos fortuna ex nocturnā caede ac fugā fecerat,

Liv. 9, 24; Curt. 6, 9, 27:

duarum mihi civitatum reliquos feci agros,

i. e. have left to be considered, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104.— Subst.: rĕlĭquum, i, n., a remnant, remainder (cf. 1, b fin. supra):

quod reliquum vitae viriumque fames fecerat, id, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

quod fortuna in malis reliqui fecit, id, etc.,

id. Sull. 32, 89.—

Esp. negatively: te nullum munus officii cuiquam reliquum fecisse,

have left behind you, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 1:

quibus nihil non modo de fructu, sed ne de bonis quidem suis reliqui fecit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

hi milites nihil reliqui victis fecere,

Sall. C. 11, 7 Kritz; cf.: captā urbe nihil fit reliqui victis, id ib. 52, 4:

quibus libido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerant,

id. ib. 28, 4; cf. Liv. 7, 35:

ne hoc quidem sibi reliqui facit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2.—

To leave undone, to omit, neglect (rare and perh. only in the historians;

also only negatively): nihil ad celeritatem sibi reliqui fecerunt,

omitted nothing, made every exertion, Caes. B. G. 2, 26 fin.:

prorsus ab utrisque nihil reliquum fieri,

Sall. J. 76, 4:

me nihil reliqui fecisse, quod, etc.,

Nep. Att. 21, 5:

nihil reliqui faciunt, quominus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 21 fin. —

In partic.

Of time, that is left or remains, future, subsequent:

spe reliquae tranquillitatis,

Cic. Sest. 34, 73:

reliquae vitae dignitas,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

reliqua et sperata gloria,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43: in reliquum tempus vectigalibus prospexi, Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

reliquum in tempus,

id. Agr. 1, 4, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.; 3, 16 fin.; cf.

so, reliquum tempus (opp. praesenti bello),

Nep. Them, 2, 1.—In the neutr. absol.:

numquam ecastor ullo die risi adaeque, neque hoc, quod reliquom est (sc. vitae), plus risuram opinor,

in all my life, to the end of my days, Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 4.—Hence, in reliquum, adverb., for the future, in future, henceforward, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2; Sall. J. 42, 4; Liv. 23, 20; 25, 32; 36, 10 fin. al.—

In mercantile lang., of debts, remaining, outstanding, in arrear:

reliquom, quod ex eo quod debitum reliquom,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 175 Müll.:

nunc quod reliquom restat, volo persolvere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 40:

quod dedi datum non vellem, quod reliquom est non dabo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 30:

rationes putare argentariam... quid venierit, quid exactum siet, quid reliquum siet,

Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

erat ei de ratiunculā Jampridem apud me reliquom pauxillulum Nummorum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

ut pecuniam reliquam Buthrotii ad diem solverent,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, § 4 (Cod. Faerni: pecuniae reliquum).—As subst.: rĕlĭqua, ōrum, n. (less freq. rĕlĭquum, i, n.), the remainder of a debt, balance, arrears: reliqua mea Camillus scribit se accepisse, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 19; cf.:

maxime me angit ratio reliquorum meorum,

id. ib. 16, 3, 5:

cum tanta reliqua sint,

id. ib. 16, 15, 4;

15, 15, 3: dum reliqua colonorum minuit ad tempus, vires in posterum exhausit, quarum defectione rursus reliqua creverunt,

Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 6; 9, 37, 2: Sticho reliqua habente, holding a balance, i. e. being in arrears, Dig. 35, 1, 81; so,

reliqua trahere,

ib. 26, 7, 46:

computare,

ib. 40, 7, 34:

in adaerandis reliquorum debitis (= reliquiis debitorum),

Amm. 31, 14, 2; 16, 5, 15.— In sing.:

nisi forte fidejussores minus idonei sunt et in reliquum non exsolutae quantitatis accesserint,

Dig. 49, 14, 45 fin.; Symm. Ep. 10, 47.—Hence, by a lusus verbb., of a narration in arrears, the rest, remainder:

accipite reliquom, alieno uti nil moror,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 16; cf.

also the passage cited above,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 40.

Transf., of that which remains after a part just mentioned, the remaining, the other; and, in the sing., the remainder, the rest of a thing (diff. from ceteri, q. v.).

Plur.:

murus cum Romuli tum etiam reliquorum regum sapientiā definitus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 22:

decemviros... reliquos magistratus,

id. ib. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

Servilius consul reliquique magistratus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

sol dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; cf. id. ib. 6, 9, 9; 6, 20, 22; id. Planc. 1, 3:

ipsum regale genus civitatis haud scio an reliquis simplicibus longe anteponendum,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 43:

res capitales et reliquas omnes judicabant iidem,

id. ib. 3, 35, 48; cf. id. ib. 6, 17, 17; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16:

ad eam sententiam, cum reliquis causis, haec quoque ratio eos deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

oppida, vicos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt,

id. ib. 1, 5:

octo cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio collocat,

Sall. C. 59, 2.—As subst.:

princeps ille (Plato) aream sibi sumpsit, in quā, etc.... Reliqui disseruerunt, etc.,

the others, the rest, Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 21; 1, 4, 7:

in quā (causā) et ipse sentiat et reliqui omnes me, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 15, 1:

aurum perinde aspernantur (Scythae) ac reliqui mortales appetunt,

Just. 2, 2, 7:

deinceps Jovem atque Junonem, reliquos, quos, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 11; cf.

thus, without a copula, Brutorum, C. Cassii, Cn. Domitii, C. Trebonii, reliquorum,

and so forth, id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:

Africanus, cum patria illo modo loquens. reliquaque praeclare,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106, Quint. 9, 4, 124:

si placet, in hunc diem hactenus. Reliqua (satis enim multa restant) differamus in crastinum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 71:

audi reliqua,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 46:

age, ambula, ibique reliqua alia fabulabimur,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 8:

reliqua vaticinationis brevi esse confecta,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:

aderat janitor carceris et carnifex praetoris, reliqua,

and the like, and so forth, and so on, Quint. 9, 4, 124;

but post-class.: et reliqua,

Vop. Firm. 5 fin. —

Sing.:

corpore relicuo pugnam caedesque petessit,

Lucr. 3, 648 Lachm.:

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato, reliquum populum distribuit in quinque classes, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

scribit Labieno... cum legione ad fines Nerviorum veniat, reliquam partem exercitūs non putat exspectandam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 46 fin.; 1, 18:

neque de frumento reliquoque commeatu satis esse provisum,

id. ib. 3, 3:

militibus quoque equis exceptis reliquam praedam concessimus,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5:

jampridem cupio Alexandream reliquamque Aegyptum visere,

id. ib. 2, 5, 1; cf. id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Rep. 2, 38, 64.— As subst.:

paene oblitus sum, reliquom dicere,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 118; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103:

reliquum temporis cum magnā trepidatione vigilavit,

Suet. Ner. 34:

haec quidem hactenus: quod reliquum est, cottidie tabellarios habebis,

as for the rest, as for what remains, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 3; so,

quod reliquum est,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 2; id. Planc. 10, 11; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 48; cf.:

de reliquo quid tibi ego dicam?

Cic. Att. 16, 13, c, 2; id. Fam. 6, 20, 3; id. de Or. 1, 22, 100.

rĕlĭquus (sometimes written rĕlĭcuus, rell-, -qus, v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 305; Freund ad Cic. Mil. p. 31-34. Rēlĭcŭus as a quadrisyl., Lucr. 1, 560 Munro ad loc.; 4, 976), a, um, adj. [relinquo, I.], that is left or remains, that is left behind, remaining, = relictus (freq. and a good prose word; not found in Cat., Tib., Verg., or Hor.).

With dat.:

hoc mihi unum ex plurimis miseriis reliquom fuerat malum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 55:

ut spes nulla reliqua in te siet tibi,

id. Eun. 2, 2, 9:

potes mulo isto, quem tibi reliquum dicis esse, Romam pervehi,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18, 4:

quod erant oppida mihi etiam complura reliqua,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65:

quae deprecatio est igitur ei reliqua, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §

120: quibus lubido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerat,

Sall. C. 28, 4:

reliqua alia optio,

Quint. 7, 7, 8.—

Without a dat., Cato ap. Prisc. p. 696 P.: ne a stirpe genus nostrum interiret et uti aliqua propago generis nostri reliqua esset (just before, restare), C. Gracch. ap. Schol. Cic. Sull. 9, p. 365 Orell.; cf.:

neu causa ulla restet reliqua, Quin, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 11:

ex quā (familiā) reliquus est M. Titurnius Rufus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 39; cf. id. Clu. 7, 22:

reliquos hos esse non ex bello... sed ex tuo scelere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 124; and:

moriar, si praeter te quemquam reliquum habeo, in quo, etc.,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; and with this cf. Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 15 (p. 216 Gerl.):

qui lucus in Graeciā totā tam sanctus fuit, in quo ullum simulacrum, ullum ornamentum reliquum sit?

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

si qua reliqua spes est, quae sociorum animos consolari possit,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18. — Esp., subst.: rĕlĭquum ( - quom), i, n., that is left, a remainder, residue, rest:

numquam ab amatore suo postulat id, quod datum est, Sed reliquom dat operam, ne sit reliquum,

Plaut. Truc. prol. 15:

quod ad vos, spectatores, reliquum relinquitur, More majorum date plausum, id. Cist. grex 5: ut pernoscatis, ecquid spei sit relicuom,

Ter. And. prol. 25; cf. id. Eun. 5, 5 (6), 26:

addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fuit,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

quid reliqui'st, quin habeat quae quidem in homine dicuntur bona,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 19:

quid enim est huic reliqui, quod, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 31, 89:

cum reliqui nihil sit omnino, quod pertinet ad nos,

id. Fin. 2, 31, 101:

quid reliqui habemus praeter,

Sall. C. 20, 13:

nec, quod ab hoste crudelius pati possent, reliqui quicquam fuit,

Liv. 32, 13.— With gen. (syn. reliquiae): illud breve vitae reliquum nec avide adpetendum senibus sit, Cic. Sen. 20, 72:

Agrigentum, quod belli reliquum erat,

i. e. where alone the war was afterwards carried on, Liv. 26, 40; cf., in plur.:

reliqua belli perfecta,

id. 9, 16; and Tac. H. 4, 2:

ubi reliquum vitae degere tuto posset,

Liv. 39, 13:

reliquum dici,

id. 2, 25, 2; 3, 15, 8; 3, 52, 5:

corporis reliqua,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 21 fin. (but in Plaut. Merc. 3, 2, 4, the correct read. is:

reliquom vitae spatium, v. Ritschl ad h. l.).— So in late Lat. persaep.: reliqua verborum,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 11, 41:

urbis,

id. 1 Par. 11, 8.—

Partic. constructions.

Reliquum est, ut, or with inf., it remains, that (syn.:

relinquitur, restat, superest): reliquum est, ut officiis certemus inter nos,

Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 1; id. Att. 7, 13, 4; id. Fl. 14, 32; Nep. Att. 21, 5; Quint. 5, 7, 19; cf.:

reliquum est, ubi nunc est res publica, ibi simus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 3 (where B. and K. supply ut, ex conj.); so,

reliquum est, tuam profectionem amore prosequar,

id. ib. 15, 21, 5.—With inf.:

nunc hortari modo reliquum est et ire,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3,22 (p. 232 Gerl.).—

Reliquum (aliquem, aliquid) or aliquid reliqui facere, a periphrase for relinquere, and in the twofold signification of that word.

To leave behind, leave remaining:

ut arent, quibus aratrum saltem aliquod satelles istius Apronius relicum fecit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

quos belli calamitas reliquos fecerat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 53, §

126: haec addita cura vix mihi vitam reliquam fecit,

id. Att. 3, 8, 2:

si quos fortuna fecisset reliquos,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 24 fin.; cf.:

quos reliquos fortuna ex nocturnā caede ac fugā fecerat,

Liv. 9, 24; Curt. 6, 9, 27:

duarum mihi civitatum reliquos feci agros,

i. e. have left to be considered, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104.— Subst.: rĕlĭquum, i, n., a remnant, remainder (cf. 1, b fin. supra):

quod reliquum vitae viriumque fames fecerat, id, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:

quod fortuna in malis reliqui fecit, id, etc.,

id. Sull. 32, 89.—

Esp. negatively: te nullum munus officii cuiquam reliquum fecisse,

have left behind you, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 1:

quibus nihil non modo de fructu, sed ne de bonis quidem suis reliqui fecit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

hi milites nihil reliqui victis fecere,

Sall. C. 11, 7 Kritz; cf.: captā urbe nihil fit reliqui victis, id ib. 52, 4:

quibus libido atque luxuria ex magnis rapinis nihil reliqui fecerant,

id. ib. 28, 4; cf. Liv. 7, 35:

ne hoc quidem sibi reliqui facit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2.—

To leave undone, to omit, neglect (rare and perh. only in the historians;

also only negatively): nihil ad celeritatem sibi reliqui fecerunt,

omitted nothing, made every exertion, Caes. B. G. 2, 26 fin.:

prorsus ab utrisque nihil reliquum fieri,

Sall. J. 76, 4:

me nihil reliqui fecisse, quod, etc.,

Nep. Att. 21, 5:

nihil reliqui faciunt, quominus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 21 fin. —

In partic.

Of time, that is left or remains, future, subsequent:

spe reliquae tranquillitatis,

Cic. Sest. 34, 73:

reliquae vitae dignitas,

id. Fam. 10, 3, 2:

reliqua et sperata gloria,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 43: in reliquum tempus vectigalibus prospexi, Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55, § 128:

reliquum in tempus,

id. Agr. 1, 4, 13; Caes. B. G. 1, 20 fin.; 3, 16 fin.; cf.

so, reliquum tempus (opp. praesenti bello),

Nep. Them, 2, 1.—In the neutr. absol.:

numquam ecastor ullo die risi adaeque, neque hoc, quod reliquom est (sc. vitae), plus risuram opinor,

in all my life, to the end of my days, Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 4.—Hence, in reliquum, adverb., for the future, in future, henceforward, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2; Sall. J. 42, 4; Liv. 23, 20; 25, 32; 36, 10 fin. al.—

In mercantile lang., of debts, remaining, outstanding, in arrear:

reliquom, quod ex eo quod debitum reliquom,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 175 Müll.:

nunc quod reliquom restat, volo persolvere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 40:

quod dedi datum non vellem, quod reliquom est non dabo,

id. ib. 2, 1, 30:

rationes putare argentariam... quid venierit, quid exactum siet, quid reliquum siet,

Cato, R. R. 2, 5:

erat ei de ratiunculā Jampridem apud me reliquom pauxillulum Nummorum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 3:

ut pecuniam reliquam Buthrotii ad diem solverent,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, § 4 (Cod. Faerni: pecuniae reliquum).—As subst.: rĕlĭqua, ōrum, n. (less freq. rĕlĭquum, i, n.), the remainder of a debt, balance, arrears: reliqua mea Camillus scribit se accepisse, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 19; cf.:

maxime me angit ratio reliquorum meorum,

id. ib. 16, 3, 5:

cum tanta reliqua sint,

id. ib. 16, 15, 4;

15, 15, 3: dum reliqua colonorum minuit ad tempus, vires in posterum exhausit, quarum defectione rursus reliqua creverunt,

Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 6; 9, 37, 2: Sticho reliqua habente, holding a balance, i. e. being in arrears, Dig. 35, 1, 81; so,

reliqua trahere,

ib. 26, 7, 46:

computare,

ib. 40, 7, 34:

in adaerandis reliquorum debitis (= reliquiis debitorum),

Amm. 31, 14, 2; 16, 5, 15.— In sing.:

nisi forte fidejussores minus idonei sunt et in reliquum non exsolutae quantitatis accesserint,

Dig. 49, 14, 45 fin.; Symm. Ep. 10, 47.—Hence, by a lusus verbb., of a narration in arrears, the rest, remainder:

accipite reliquom, alieno uti nil moror,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 16; cf.

also the passage cited above,

id. Cist. 1, 3, 40.

Transf., of that which remains after a part just mentioned, the remaining, the other; and, in the sing., the remainder, the rest of a thing (diff. from ceteri, q. v.).

Plur.:

murus cum Romuli tum etiam reliquorum regum sapientiā definitus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 22:

decemviros... reliquos magistratus,

id. ib. 2, 31, 54; cf.:

Servilius consul reliquique magistratus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

sol dux et princeps et moderator luminum reliquorum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17; cf. id. ib. 6, 9, 9; 6, 20, 22; id. Planc. 1, 3:

ipsum regale genus civitatis haud scio an reliquis simplicibus longe anteponendum,

id. Rep. 2, 23, 43:

res capitales et reliquas omnes judicabant iidem,

id. ib. 3, 35, 48; cf. id. ib. 6, 17, 17; id. Leg. 3, 7, 16:

ad eam sententiam, cum reliquis causis, haec quoque ratio eos deduxit,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

oppida, vicos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt,

id. ib. 1, 5:

octo cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio collocat,

Sall. C. 59, 2.—As subst.:

princeps ille (Plato) aream sibi sumpsit, in quā, etc.... Reliqui disseruerunt, etc.,

the others, the rest, Cic. Rep. 2, 11, 21; 1, 4, 7:

in quā (causā) et ipse sentiat et reliqui omnes me, etc.,

id. Att. 16, 15, 1:

aurum perinde aspernantur (Scythae) ac reliqui mortales appetunt,

Just. 2, 2, 7:

deinceps Jovem atque Junonem, reliquos, quos, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 11; cf.

thus, without a copula, Brutorum, C. Cassii, Cn. Domitii, C. Trebonii, reliquorum,

and so forth, id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:

Africanus, cum patria illo modo loquens. reliquaque praeclare,

id. Fin. 2, 32, 106, Quint. 9, 4, 124:

si placet, in hunc diem hactenus. Reliqua (satis enim multa restant) differamus in crastinum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 71:

audi reliqua,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 46:

age, ambula, ibique reliqua alia fabulabimur,

id. Poen. 3, 4, 8:

reliqua vaticinationis brevi esse confecta,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:

aderat janitor carceris et carnifex praetoris, reliqua,

and the like, and so forth, and so on, Quint. 9, 4, 124;

but post-class.: et reliqua,

Vop. Firm. 5 fin. —

Sing.:

corpore relicuo pugnam caedesque petessit,

Lucr. 3, 648 Lachm.:

equitum magno numero ex omni populi summa separato, reliquum populum distribuit in quinque classes, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 39:

scribit Labieno... cum legione ad fines Nerviorum veniat, reliquam partem exercitūs non putat exspectandam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 46 fin.; 1, 18:

neque de frumento reliquoque commeatu satis esse provisum,

id. ib. 3, 3:

militibus quoque equis exceptis reliquam praedam concessimus,

Cic. Att. 5, 20, 5:

jampridem cupio Alexandream reliquamque Aegyptum visere,

id. ib. 2, 5, 1; cf. id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Rep. 2, 38, 64.— As subst.:

paene oblitus sum, reliquom dicere,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 118; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 103:

reliquum temporis cum magnā trepidatione vigilavit,

Suet. Ner. 34:

haec quidem hactenus: quod reliquum est, cottidie tabellarios habebis,

as for the rest, as for what remains, Cic. Att. 16, 15, 3; so,

quod reliquum est,

id. Fam. 13, 72, 2; id. Planc. 10, 11; Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 48; cf.:

de reliquo quid tibi ego dicam?

Cic. Att. 16, 13, c, 2; id. Fam. 6, 20, 3; id. de Or. 1, 22, 100.