Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

i+wish+i'd+never+accepted

  • 1 maldito

    adj.
    1 damned, blasted, damn, darn.
    2 cursed, accurst, accursed, cussed.
    3 jinxed.
    * * *
    1→ link=maldecir maldecir
    1 (no bendito) damned
    2 familiar (que causa molestia) damned, wretched, bloody, damn
    \
    ¡maldita sea! familiar damn it!
    * * *
    (f. - maldita)
    adj.
    cursed, damned
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=condenado) damned
    2) (Rel) accursed
    3) * [uso enfático] damn *

    ¡maldita sea! — damn it! *

    ¡maldito el día en que lo conocí! — curse the day I met him!

    ¡malditas las ganas que tengo de verle! — I really don't feel like seeing him!

    4) (=maligno) wicked
    5) Méx * (=taimado) crafty
    2.
    SM

    el maldito — (Rel) the Evil One, the devil

    * * *
    - ta adjetivo
    1) (fam) ( expresando irritación) damn (before n) (colloq), wretched (before n) (colloq)

    maldita/maldito sea! — damn (it)! (colloq)

    2) (Lit) <escritor/poeta> accursed
    3) (RPl fam) ( egoísta) mean (colloq)
    * * *
    = damn, wretched, damned, freaking [frigging], frigging [freaking], fucking, bloody.
    Nota: Palabra derivada de la expresión " By our Lady".
    Ex. And we can't do it if we're again slavishly and uncritically, for reasons of imagined cost savings, accepting every damn thing that comes out of the tube.
    Ex. A card catalog has the capability of being kept up to date, but it is a wretched way to make information available.
    Ex. Literature can have only a formal use for utterly damned souls -- or for saints.
    Ex. Of course, we are freaking worried sick of this merger so much so I can't even sleep well at night!.
    Ex. Now its a frigging oil drum and the reason nobody would take it was because there was a tiny bit of oil in the bottom.
    Ex. These people should be shot on sight and all their genetic material vaporized... fucking losers.
    Ex. Prince Charles has admitted he is a ' bloody nuisance' lobbying on green issues but concedes he will have to curb his campaigning when he becomes king.
    * * *
    - ta adjetivo
    1) (fam) ( expresando irritación) damn (before n) (colloq), wretched (before n) (colloq)

    maldita/maldito sea! — damn (it)! (colloq)

    2) (Lit) <escritor/poeta> accursed
    3) (RPl fam) ( egoísta) mean (colloq)
    * * *
    = damn, wretched, damned, freaking [frigging], frigging [freaking], fucking, bloody.
    Nota: Palabra derivada de la expresión " By our Lady".

    Ex: And we can't do it if we're again slavishly and uncritically, for reasons of imagined cost savings, accepting every damn thing that comes out of the tube.

    Ex: A card catalog has the capability of being kept up to date, but it is a wretched way to make information available.
    Ex: Literature can have only a formal use for utterly damned souls -- or for saints.
    Ex: Of course, we are freaking worried sick of this merger so much so I can't even sleep well at night!.
    Ex: Now its a frigging oil drum and the reason nobody would take it was because there was a tiny bit of oil in the bottom.
    Ex: These people should be shot on sight and all their genetic material vaporized... fucking losers.
    Ex: Prince Charles has admitted he is a ' bloody nuisance' lobbying on green issues but concedes he will have to curb his campaigning when he becomes king.

    * * *
    maldito -ta
    A ( fam) (expresando irritación) damn ( before n) ( colloq), wretched ( before n) ( colloq)
    este maldito ruido no me deja dormir I can't get to sleep with this damn o wretched noise
    no tengo un maldito centavo I don't have a cent o penny to my name
    maldita la gana que tengo de ir I really don't feel like going, I don't feel like going one bit
    maldita la hora en que lo acepté I wish I'd never accepted, I rue the day I ever accepted
    maldita la gracia que me hace que traiga a sus amigotes a cenar that's all I needed, him bringing his friends to dinner! ( colloq iro)
    ¡maldita or maldito sea! damn (it)! ( colloq)
    B ( Lit) ‹escritor/poeta› accursed
    C ( RPl fam) (egoísta) mean ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo maldecir: ( conjugate maldecir)

    maldecido, maldito es:

    el participio

    maldito
    ◊ -ta adjetivo (fam) ( expresando irritación) damn ( before n) (colloq), wretched ( before n) (colloq);

    ¡este maldito ruido! this damn o wretched noise!;
    ¡maldita/maldito sea! damn (it)! (colloq)
    maldito,-a adjetivo
    1 fam (incordiante) damned, bloody: ¿dónde habré puesto el maldito recibo?, where did I put the damned bill?
    2 (ninguno, nada) maldita la ilusión que me hace, I don't like it one bit
    3 (sujeto a maldición) damned, cursed: esa casa está maldita, this house is haunted

    ' maldito' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    maldita
    - dichoso
    - jodido
    - pinche
    English:
    blasted
    - bloody
    - damn
    - doggone
    - wretched
    - no-good
    * * *
    maldito, -a
    adj
    1. [condenado] cursed, damned
    2. [artista, poeta] doomed, cursed
    3. Fam [para enfatizar] damned;
    ¡apaga la maldita radio! turn the damned radio off!;
    malditas las ganas que tengo de madrugar getting up early is the last thing I want to do;
    ¡maldita sea! damn it!;
    ¡maldita (sea) la hora en que se me ocurrió invitarlos! I wish it had never crossed my mind to invite them!
    nm
    el maldito the Devil, Satan
    * * *
    adj fam
    damn fam ;
    ¡maldita sea! (god-)damn it!
    * * *
    maldito, -ta adj
    1) : cursed, damned
    ¡maldita sea!: damn it all!
    2) : wicked
    * * *
    maldito adj damned
    ¡maldita sea! damn it!

    Spanish-English dictionary > maldito

  • 2 todo

    adj.
    1 all, the whole of, all of.
    Toda la mañana All morning. Perdió todo su dinero=He lost all his money.
    2 every, each.
    Todo carro que.. All car that....
    3 entire.
    adv.
    all.
    pron.
    everything, absolutely everything, all, all the lot.
    m.
    whole, unity, entirety.
    * * *
    3 (cada) every
    4 (igual) like, exactly like, the image of
    1 (sin excluir nada) all, everything
    2 (cualquiera) anybody
    1 (totalidad) whole
    2 (en charadas) all, whole
    1 completely, totally, all
    \
    así y todo in spite of everything
    a todo esto (por cierto) by the way 2 (mientras) in the meantime
    con todo in spite of everything
    de todas formas / después de todo anyway, after all
    del todo completely, entirely
    eso es todo that's all, that's it
    estar en todo to be really with it, know what's going on
    fue todo uno familiar it all happened at once
    hay de todo there are all sorts
    por todo,-a all over
    ser todo uno familiar to be all the same thing
    todo el mundo everybody
    todo lo contrario quite the opposite, quite the contrary
    todo lo más at the most
    todo quisque / todo Dios familiar every Tom, Dick and Harry
    todos y cada uno each and everyone
    ————————
    1 (totalidad) whole
    2 (en charadas) all, whole
    1 completely, totally, all
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - toda)
    pron.
    all, everything
    - todas 3. adv.
    wholly, entirely
    4. (f. - toda)
    adj.
    1) every, each
    2) all, whole, entire
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [en singular] (=en su totalidad) all

    todo lo que usted necesiteeverything o whatever you need

    con todo lo listo que es, no es capaz de resolver esto — clever as he is o for all his intelligence, he can't solve this problem

    todo lo demásall the rest

    a o con toda prisa — in all haste, with all speed

    a toda velocidadat full speed

    a todo esto, la orquesta siguió tocando — meanwhile, the band kept on playing

    a todo esto, ¿os apetece ir al cine? — by the way, would you like to go to the cinema?

    a todo esto, no nos olvidemos de llamarla — while we're on the subject, we mustn't forget to phone her

    cuanto, mundo
    2) [en plural]
    a) [en un conjunto] all
    b) (=cada) every
    forma 2)
    3) [con valor enfático]

    es todo un hombre — he's every inch a man, he's a real man

    más 1., 2), d)
    4) (=del todo)
    2. PRON
    1) [en singular]

    lo han vendido todo — they've sold the lot, they've sold it all

    todo el que quiera... — everyone o anyone who wants to...

    todo a cien pound store, dollar store (EEUU), shop selling everyday items at low prices

    2) [en plural] (=cosas) all (of them); (=personas) everybody, everyone

    todos estaban de acuerdoeverybody o everyone agreed

    todos los que quieran venir — all those who want to come, anyone who wants to come

    3) [locuciones con preposición]

    ir a todo — to be prepared to do or die

    ante todo — first of all, in the first place

    con todo, con todo y — in spite of

    el coche, con todo y ser nuevo... — the car, in spite of being new..., despite the fact that the car was new...

    con todo (y con eso) — still, nevertheless

    con todo y con eso llegamos una hora tarde — we still arrived an hour late, nevertheless we arrived an hour late

    de todo, lo llamaron de todo — they called him every name under the sun

    nos pasó de todo — everything possible happened to us, you name it, it happened to us

    del todo — wholly, entirely

    después de todo — after all

    de todas todas —

    ¡te digo que sí de todas todas! — I tell you it jolly well is!

    botica 1), pesar 4., 3), sobre II, 9)
    3.
    SM

    como o en un todo — as a whole

    jugar 3. TODO ► Para traducir el adjetivo todo con el sentido de en su totalidad se usa all, seguido del sustantivo en singular y sin determinante: Se pasó toda la tarde viendo la tele He spent all afternoon watching TV ► Con el mismo sentido anterior, también se puede traducir por whole o entire, este último es más enfático. En este caso, el indefinido tiene que ir acompañado de un sustantivo contable en singular y precedido por un determinante: Se pasó toda la tarde viendo la tele He spent the whole o the entire afternoon watching TV ► Todos se traduce por every cuando se hace hincapié en todos y cada uno de los individuos de un grupo de personas o cosas y también cuando se habla de acciones repetidas: Todos los niños deben llevar el uniforme del colegio Every child must wear school uniform Salimos a cenar todos los viernes We go out for dinner every Friday El sustantivo que sigue a every va en singular y nunca lleva determinante. El verbo va también en singular. ► Cuando todos se emplea para generalizar, se traduce por all. En este caso el sustantivo que sigue a all no lleva determinante: Todos los alemanes saben hablar inglés All Germans can speak English ► Todos también se traduce por all para referirse al conjunto de individuos de un grupo pero, a diferencia de every, sin dar importancia a los elementos. En este caso el sustantivo lleva determinante y va en plural, como el verbo: Todos los libros de la biblioteca eran antiguos All the books in the library were old
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( la totalidad de) all

    nos comimos todo el pan/todos los bombones — we ate all the bread/chocolates

    toda la mañana — all morning, the whole morning

    2) (cualquier, cada)

    todo artículo importado — all imported items, any imported item

    todos los días/los años — every day/year

    a todo esto — ( mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime; ( a propósito) incidentally, by the way

    II

    el/un todo — the/a whole

    jugarse el todo por el todoto risk o gamble everything on one throw

    III
    - da pronombre
    1)
    a) ( sin excluir nada) everything

    ¿eso es todo? — is that all?

    b)

    todos/todas — ( referido a - cosas) all; (- a personas) all, everybody

    vinieron todos — they all came, everybody came

    ¿están todos? — is everyone o everybody here?

    ¿estamos todos? — are we all here?

    con todo (y eso) — (fam) ( aun así) all the same, even so

    con todo, sigo pensando que... — all the same o even so I still think that...

    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything; venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things; hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything; del todo totally; no es del todo cierto it's not entirely o totally true; y todo: enfermo y todo, vino a trabajar sick as he was, he still came to work; tuvo que venir la policía y todo (fam) the police had to come and everything (colloq); de todas, todas (fam): ¿es verdad? - de todas, todas is it true? - you bet it is! (colloq); ganó de todas, todas he won by a mile (colloq); me las pagará todas juntas one of these days I'll get even with him for all of this; no tenerlas todas consigo — to be a little worried o uneasy

    3) (como adv)
    a) ( completamente) all

    está toda entusiasmada con el viajeshe's all o terribly excited about the trip

    * * *
    = all, complete, every, everything, whole affair, the, wholeness, the full monty, the whole lot, at large, the works!, the whole thing, the entire length of.
    Ex. All returned documents must be checked for the presence of a hold on the title.
    Ex. The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.
    Ex. The directory is a finding list which lists for every field its tag, the number of characters in the field, and the starting character position of the field within the record.
    Ex. The CLEAR key erases everything on the screen.
    Ex. The whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van.
    Ex. The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.
    Ex. The article ' The digital full monty?' forecasts that the world of information is likely to be dominated by global giants on the one hand and selective niche providers on the other.
    Ex. Alternatively the printer might not have ordered enough paper for the whole book, either because he miscalculated or because he could not afford to buy the whole lot at once = Por otro lado, el impresor podría no haber encargado suficiente papel para imprimir el libro entero, bien porque lo calculó mal o porque no podía permitirse el lujo de comprarlo todo de una vez.
    Ex. The committee will be expected to produce an annual report to the members at large.
    Ex. Whole cities laid to waste, heroes falling in battle, death of gods, the works!.
    Ex. The truth is that I'm pretty upset about the whole thing and don't have very warm feelings towards the makers of these products.
    Ex. It tells the story of one man's absurd quest to become the first person to walk the entire length of the Amazon River.
    ----
    * ¡a por todas! = go for it!.
    * abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.
    * abarcarlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * absolutamente todo = anything and everything, the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * absolver a Alguien de todos los cargos = acquit + Nombre + on all counts.
    * acaparar toda la atención = steal + the limelight.
    * accesible por todos = widely accessible.
    * acceso para todos = access for all.
    * aceptado por todos = widely accepted.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * afectar a todo el país = sweep + the country.
    * ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.
    * ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.
    * al alcance de todos = within everybody's reach, within everyone's reach, accessible to everyone, accessible to everybody.
    * al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * antes de todo = before anything else, first off.
    * ante todo = first and foremost, before anything else, more than anything else, first of all, above all, above all things.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, come what may, at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.
    * avanzar a toda máquina = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda pastilla = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo gas = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo vapor = go + full steam ahead.
    * bastante para todos = enough to go round.
    * bien de todos, el = common good, the.
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).
    * capaz de todo = capable of anything.
    * casi de todo = just about everything.
    * casi todo = everything but the kitchen sink, just about everything.
    * casi todos = almost any.
    * castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.
    * celebrar por todo lo alto = make + a song and dance about.
    * comérselo todo = eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * como un todo = as a whole.
    * comportarse como toda una señora = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * comportarse como todo un caballero = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * conjuntarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * conocido de todos = well-known.
    * conocido por todos = widely recognised, well-known.
    * conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.
    * contar todo sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * con toda claridad = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda confianza = feel + free to.
    * con toda desfachatez = shamelessly.
    * con toda franqueza = to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con toda honestidad = in all honesty.
    * con toda insolencia = shamelessly.
    * con toda la razón = quite rightly.
    * con toda la vestimenta = in full gear.
    * con toda nitidez = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda probabilidad = in all probability, probability.
    * con toda seguridad = safely.
    * con toda sinceridad = quite honestly, to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.
    * con todas las prestaciones = full-featured.
    * con todas sus prestaciones = fully featured.
    * con toda su fuerza = in full force.
    * con toda tranquilidad = casually.
    * con todo descaro = shamelessly.
    * con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.
    * con todo incluido = with the works!.
    * con todo mi debido respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todo mi respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todos los extras = with the works!.
    * con todos los lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * con todos mis respetos hacia (la opinión de) = pace.
    * con todos sus defectos = warts and all.
    * con todo tipo de comodidades = with all mods and cons.
    * con todo tipo de lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * contra toda persona = all comers.
    * contra (todo) pronóstico = against (all/the) odds.
    * contra todo (tipo) de riesgo = against all risks.
    * controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * coordinarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * cubrir toda la gama = run + the gamut.
    * cubrir todo el espectro = run + the gamut.
    * dar al traste con todo = upset + the applecart.
    * dar el todo por el todo = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar todo de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.
    * decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
    * dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.
    * dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * del todo = all the way.
    * demostrarlo todo = be proof enough.
    * dentro de todo = all in all.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.
    * despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.
    * después de todo = after all.
    * de toda la empresa = systemwide.
    * de toda la institución = institution-wide, systemwide.
    * de toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * de toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.
    * de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.
    * de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.
    * de todas maneras = at any rate.
    * de todas partes = from far and wide.
    * de todo = throughout.
    * de todo corazón = heart-to-heart, with all + Posesivo + heart.
    * de todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * de todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * de todo el mundo = world over, the, from (all) around the world, throughout the world, around the world, across the globe, around the globe, from (all) around the globe, all over the globe, from across the world, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * de todo el país = across the land, all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country.
    * de todo el planeta = across the planet.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * de todo + Nombre = all through + Nombre.
    * de todos conocido = well-known.
    * de todos lados = from far and wide.
    * de todos los colores = of all stripes, a rainbow of.
    * de todos los tiempos = all-time, of all time(s).
    * de todos los tipos = of all stripes.
    * de todos modos = at any rate.
    * de todo tipo = of all sorts, of every sort, of all stripes, of all shapes and sizes.
    * de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.
    * de una vez por todas = once and for all, once for all.
    * Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.
    * dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.
    * disfrutar de todas las ventajas = have + the best of both worlds.
    * durante casi todo el año = for the best part of the year.
    * durante toda la noche = all-night, all night long.
    * durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.
    * durante todo = all the way through, throughout.
    * durante todo el día = all day long.
    * durante todo el trimestre = semester-long.
    * durante todo el verano = all summer long.
    * durante todo + Tiempo = all through + Tiempo.
    * durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.
    * echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.
    * echar toda la carne en el asador = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, shoot (for) + the moon, go for + broke.
    * el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.
    * el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.
    * el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
    * en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.
    * encontrarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * encontrarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.
    * en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.
    * en toda la institución = systemwide.
    * en toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * en toda ocasión = at every turn.
    * en todas partes = all around, far and wide.
    * en todo = throughout.
    * en todo caso = if anything.
    * en todo el edificio = site-wide.
    * en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].
    * en todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], world over, the, throughout the world, around the world, all around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over, in the whole world.
    * en todo el país = all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country, across the country.
    * en todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * en todo el proceso = throughout.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.
    * en todos lados = far and wide.
    * en todos los aspectos = all-round.
    * en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.
    * en todos menos en = in all but.
    * en todos y cada uno de = in all.
    * escolarización para todos = universal schooling.
    * eso es casi todo = that's about it.
    * estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.
    * estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.
    * exento de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * extenderse por todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * extenderse por todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * famoso en todo el mundo = world-famous [world famous], world-renowned, world-renown.
    * fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.
    * fuera de toda duda = incontrovertible, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * fuera de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.
    * gente de todo tipo = people from all walks of life.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * hacerlo todo excepto = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.
    * hacer todo lo posible = do + Posesivo + best, pull out + all the stops, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can, try + hard, try + Posesivo + best, try + Posesivo + heart out, work + hard.
    * hacer todo lo posible (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer todo lo posible para = every effort + be + made to.
    * hacer todo lo posible por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], take + (great) pains to.
    * hacer todo lo que está en nuestras manos = pull out + all the stops.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + best, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer un todo de = lump + Nombre + into.
    * hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.
    * igualdad de condiciones para todos = levelling of the playing field.
    * igual para todos = one size fits all.
    * incluir a todo el mundo = inclusivity.
    * incluirlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * insuficiente para todos = insufficient to go round.
    * integrar formando un todo = articulate.
    * ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.
    * ir todo bien = be fine.
    * ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.
    * jalárselo todo = scoff + the lot, eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * jugarse el todo por el todo = take + the plunge, risk + life and limb.
    * jugárselo todo = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * jugárselo todo a una sola carta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * justamente todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * justamente todo lo contrario de = quite the opposite of.
    * libre de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llevar al hospital con toda urgencia = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.
    * lo mejor de todo = best of all.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * más allá de toda duda = beyond doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * más bien todo lo contrario = quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * más que todo lo demás = beyond all else.
    * más que todos nosotros juntos = more than all of us put together.
    * meter las manos en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * meterse en todos los fregados = have + a finger in every pie.
    * motocicleta todo terreno = dirt bike.
    * no aburrir a Alguien con todos los detalles = spare + Nombe + all the details.
    * no creerse Algo del todo = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no del todo maduro, verde = underripe.
    * no ser oro todo lo que reluce = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.
    * No todo lo que reluce es oro = All that glitters is not gold, Not all that is gold glitters.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.
    * póliza de seguro a todo riesgo = all risks cover.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.
    * por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].
    * por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.
    * por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.
    * por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * por todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * por todo el gobierno = government-wide.
    * por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.
    * por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.
    * por todos conocido = well-known.
    * por todos lados = far and wide.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * por todos sitios = everywhere.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * reconocido por todos = widely recognised.
    * relación parte = whole/part relationship.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * reservados todos los derechos = all rights reserved.
    * resistir con todas las fuerzas = resist + with every cell in + Posesivo + body.
    * respetado por todos = widely-respected.
    * revolucionarlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * revolverlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * sacarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * salir a toda prisa = make + a hasty exit.
    * seguro a todo riesgo = comprehensive insurance, all-risk insurance.
    * ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * ser justo con todos = give the devil his due.
    * serlo todo para todos = be all things to all men, be all things to all people.
    * ser todo corazón = have + a heart of gold.
    * ser todo oídos = be all ears.
    * ser todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * ser todo ventajas = the best of both worlds.
    * ser todo vida = be all life.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * si todo va de acuerdo a lo planeado = all (other) things being equal.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * sobre todo = above all, above everything else, in particular, above all things.
    * tan amado de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan amado por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan queridos de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.
    * tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.
    * tener todas las de perder = fight + a losing battle.
    * tener todas las posibilidades de = have + every possibility of.
    * tener todo + Nombre + a + Posesivo + disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo + Nombre + para + Pronombre = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.
    * tienda que vende de todo = general store.
    * titular a toda plana = headline banner.
    * toda alma viviente = every living soul.
    * toda clase de = all sorts of.
    * toda la comunidad = the community at large.
    * toda la fuerza = full force.
    * toda la fuerza de = the full force of.
    * toda la fuerza del impacto = full force.
    * toda la noche = all night long.
    * toda la sociedad = society at large.
    * toda la trupe = in full force.
    * toda la verdad sobre = the skinny on.
    * toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.
    * todas las florituras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * todas las partes implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las personas implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las razones del mundo = every reason.
    * todas las semanas = weekly.
    * toda una serie de = a whole series of.
    * toda una vida = a lifetime.
    * toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * todo a la vez = all at once.
    * todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.
    * todo bicho viviente = every living soul, everyone and their mother, every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo confuso = in a state of disarray.
    * todo continúa como antes = life goes on as before.
    * todo cuesta algo = nothing comes without a cost.
    * todo de una vez = in one lump.
    * todo de (un) golpe = all at once.
    * todo dios = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo el año = year-round.
    * todo el cotarro = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.
    * todo el fin de semana = all weekend long.
    * todo el mundo = all and sundry, every Tom, Dick and Harry, everybody, each and everyone.
    * todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.
    * todo el peso de la ley = full force of the law, the, full force of the law, the.
    * todo el rato = all the while.
    * todo el santo día = all day long.
    * todo el tiempo = all of the time, left, right and centre, the whole time, all the while.
    * todo el tinglado = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo en su conjunto = whole affair, the.
    * todo en uno = all in one.
    * todo es posible = all bets are off, the sky is the limit.
    * todo está a la vista = what you see is what you get.
    * todo esto = the whole thing.
    * todo excepto = everything except (for).
    * todo florido = in full blossom.
    * todo hijo de vecino = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo incluido = all-inclusive.
    * todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.
    * todo liado = in a state of disarray.
    * todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse, in marked contrast.
    * todo lo demás = all else.
    * todo lo que toca se convierte en oro = Midas touch, the.
    * todo lo relativo al personaje novelesco Holmes = Holmesiana.
    * todo lujo de detalles = chapter and verse.
    * todo marcha bien = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo menos = everything except (for).
    * todo mindundi = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo + Nombre = the whole + Nombre.
    * todo queda en casa = all in the family.
    * todo quisque = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo quisqui = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo recto = straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos = everybody, everyone, them all, all comers, great and small, all concerned, anyone and everyone.
    * todos a cubierta = all hands on deck!.
    * todos a la faena = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todos al rescate = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todo seguido = continuously, straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos ellos = them all.
    * todo ser humano = every living soul.
    * todos + estar de acuerdo = agree on + all hands.
    * todos excepto = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos excepto + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos lo demás = everyone else.
    * todos los accesorios extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los adornos extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los años = on a yearly basis, year in and year out, year-on-year.
    * todos los demás = everybody else.
    * todos los derechos reservados = all rights reserved.
    * todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.
    * todos los miembros de la agencia = agency-wide.
    * todos los otros = all of the other.
    * todos manos a la obra = all hands to the pump(s), all hands on deck.
    * todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos menos + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos nosotros = all of us.
    * todos por igual = share and share alike.
    * todos ustedes = you all.
    * todos vosotros = you all.
    * todos y cada uno = all and sundry, in full force, each and everyone.
    * todos y cada uno de = any and every, any and all.
    * todos y cada uno de + Adjetivo + Nombre = Pronombre + every + Nombre.
    * todo tiene sus ventajas y sus inconvenientes = swings and roundabouts, what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.
    * todo tipo de = all sorts of, all manner of.
    * todo tipo de gustos = all shades of opinion.
    * todo va a las mil maravillas = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo vale = no holds barred.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * Verbo + sobre todo = Verbo + the most.
    * vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.
    * y lo peor de todo = and worst of all.
    * y sobre todo = and worst of all.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.
    * zampárselo todo = scoff + the lot.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( la totalidad de) all

    nos comimos todo el pan/todos los bombones — we ate all the bread/chocolates

    toda la mañana — all morning, the whole morning

    2) (cualquier, cada)

    todo artículo importado — all imported items, any imported item

    todos los días/los años — every day/year

    a todo esto — ( mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime; ( a propósito) incidentally, by the way

    II

    el/un todo — the/a whole

    jugarse el todo por el todoto risk o gamble everything on one throw

    III
    - da pronombre
    1)
    a) ( sin excluir nada) everything

    ¿eso es todo? — is that all?

    b)

    todos/todas — ( referido a - cosas) all; (- a personas) all, everybody

    vinieron todos — they all came, everybody came

    ¿están todos? — is everyone o everybody here?

    ¿estamos todos? — are we all here?

    con todo (y eso) — (fam) ( aun así) all the same, even so

    con todo, sigo pensando que... — all the same o even so I still think that...

    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything; venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things; hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything; del todo totally; no es del todo cierto it's not entirely o totally true; y todo: enfermo y todo, vino a trabajar sick as he was, he still came to work; tuvo que venir la policía y todo (fam) the police had to come and everything (colloq); de todas, todas (fam): ¿es verdad? - de todas, todas is it true? - you bet it is! (colloq); ganó de todas, todas he won by a mile (colloq); me las pagará todas juntas one of these days I'll get even with him for all of this; no tenerlas todas consigo — to be a little worried o uneasy

    3) (como adv)
    a) ( completamente) all

    está toda entusiasmada con el viajeshe's all o terribly excited about the trip

    * * *
    = all, complete, every, everything, whole affair, the, wholeness, the full monty, the whole lot, at large, the works!, the whole thing, the entire length of.

    Ex: All returned documents must be checked for the presence of a hold on the title.

    Ex: The main entry is the complete catalogue record of the document.
    Ex: The directory is a finding list which lists for every field its tag, the number of characters in the field, and the starting character position of the field within the record.
    Ex: The CLEAR key erases everything on the screen.
    Ex: The whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van.
    Ex: The part chosen should have a unity of its own, a wholeness that offers a complete experience without at the same time giving away everything.
    Ex: The article ' The digital full monty?' forecasts that the world of information is likely to be dominated by global giants on the one hand and selective niche providers on the other.
    Ex: Alternatively the printer might not have ordered enough paper for the whole book, either because he miscalculated or because he could not afford to buy the whole lot at once = Por otro lado, el impresor podría no haber encargado suficiente papel para imprimir el libro entero, bien porque lo calculó mal o porque no podía permitirse el lujo de comprarlo todo de una vez.
    Ex: The committee will be expected to produce an annual report to the members at large.
    Ex: Whole cities laid to waste, heroes falling in battle, death of gods, the works!.
    Ex: The truth is that I'm pretty upset about the whole thing and don't have very warm feelings towards the makers of these products.
    Ex: It tells the story of one man's absurd quest to become the first person to walk the entire length of the Amazon River.
    * ¡a por todas! = go for it!.
    * abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.
    * abarcarlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * absolutamente todo = anything and everything, the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * absolver a Alguien de todos los cargos = acquit + Nombre + on all counts.
    * acaparar toda la atención = steal + the limelight.
    * accesible por todos = widely accessible.
    * acceso para todos = access for all.
    * aceptado por todos = widely accepted.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * afectar a todo el país = sweep + the country.
    * ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.
    * ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.
    * al alcance de todos = within everybody's reach, within everyone's reach, accessible to everyone, accessible to everybody.
    * al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * antes de todo = before anything else, first off.
    * ante todo = first and foremost, before anything else, more than anything else, first of all, above all, above all things.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, come what may, at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.
    * avanzar a toda máquina = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a toda pastilla = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo gas = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.
    * avanzar a todo vapor = go + full steam ahead.
    * bastante para todos = enough to go round.
    * bien de todos, el = common good, the.
    * buscar por todas partes = scour + Nombre + for.
    * buscar por todo el mundo = search + the world (over).
    * capaz de todo = capable of anything.
    * casi de todo = just about everything.
    * casi todo = everything but the kitchen sink, just about everything.
    * casi todos = almost any.
    * castigar con todo el peso de la ley = punish + to the full extent of the law.
    * celebrar por todo lo alto = make + a song and dance about.
    * comérselo todo = eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * como un todo = as a whole.
    * comportarse como toda una señora = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * comportarse como todo un caballero = take + the high road, take + the high ground.
    * conjuntarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * conocido de todos = well-known.
    * conocido por todos = widely recognised, well-known.
    * conseguir ser el blanco de todas las miradas = capture + spotlight, grab + the spotlight.
    * contar todo sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.
    * con toda claridad = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda confianza = feel + free to.
    * con toda desfachatez = shamelessly.
    * con toda franqueza = to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con toda honestidad = in all honesty.
    * con toda insolencia = shamelessly.
    * con toda la razón = quite rightly.
    * con toda la vestimenta = in full gear.
    * con toda nitidez = as clear as a bell.
    * con toda probabilidad = in all probability, probability.
    * con toda seguridad = safely.
    * con toda sinceridad = quite honestly, to put it frankly, in all sincerity, in all honesty.
    * con todas las de la ley = full-bodied, full-fledged, full-scale.
    * con todas las prestaciones = full-featured.
    * con todas sus prestaciones = fully featured.
    * con toda su fuerza = in full force.
    * con toda tranquilidad = casually.
    * con todo descaro = shamelessly.
    * con todo el peso de la ley = to the full extent of the law.
    * con todo incluido = with the works!.
    * con todo mi debido respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todo mi respeto hacia = with (all) due respect to.
    * con todos los extras = with the works!.
    * con todos los lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * con todos mis respetos hacia (la opinión de) = pace.
    * con todos sus defectos = warts and all.
    * con todo tipo de comodidades = with all mods and cons.
    * con todo tipo de lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * contra toda persona = all comers.
    * contra (todo) pronóstico = against (all/the) odds.
    * contra todo (tipo) de riesgo = against all risks.
    * controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * coordinarlo todo = tie + the pieces together.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * cubrir toda la gama = run + the gamut.
    * cubrir todo el espectro = run + the gamut.
    * dar al traste con todo = upset + the applecart.
    * dar el todo por el todo = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar todo de Uno mismo = give of + Posesivo + best.
    * dar todo el oro del mundo = give + Posesivo + right arm.
    * decir con toda confianza = say in + full confidence.
    * decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.
    * dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.
    * dedicar todo el esfuerzo del mundo a = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * del todo = all the way.
    * demostrarlo todo = be proof enough.
    * dentro de todo = all in all.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.
    * despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.
    * después de todo = after all.
    * de toda la empresa = systemwide.
    * de toda la institución = institution-wide, systemwide.
    * de toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * de toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * de todas formas = anyway(s), at any rate, anyhow.
    * de todas las formas posibles = in any and all ways.
    * de todas las partes del mundo = from all over the world, from all over the globe, from every part of the world.
    * de todas maneras = at any rate.
    * de todas partes = from far and wide.
    * de todo = throughout.
    * de todo corazón = heart-to-heart, with all + Posesivo + heart.
    * de todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * de todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * de todo el mundo = world over, the, from (all) around the world, throughout the world, around the world, across the globe, around the globe, from (all) around the globe, all over the globe, from across the world, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * de todo el país = across the land, all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country.
    * de todo el planeta = across the planet.
    * de todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * de todo + Nombre = all through + Nombre.
    * de todos conocido = well-known.
    * de todos lados = from far and wide.
    * de todos los colores = of all stripes, a rainbow of.
    * de todos los tiempos = all-time, of all time(s).
    * de todos los tipos = of all stripes.
    * de todos modos = at any rate.
    * de todo tipo = of all sorts, of every sort, of all stripes, of all shapes and sizes.
    * de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.
    * de una vez por todas = once and for all, once for all.
    * Día de Todos los Santos = All Saints' Day.
    * dirigirse a toda prisa hacia = make + haste towards.
    * disfrutar de todas las ventajas = have + the best of both worlds.
    * durante casi todo el año = for the best part of the year.
    * durante toda la noche = all-night, all night long.
    * durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.
    * durante todo = all the way through, throughout.
    * durante todo el día = all day long.
    * durante todo el trimestre = semester-long.
    * durante todo el verano = all summer long.
    * durante todo + Tiempo = all through + Tiempo.
    * durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.
    * echarlo todo a perder = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo a rodar = upset + the applecart.
    * echarlo todo por tierra = upset + the applecart.
    * echar toda la carne en el asador = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket, shoot (for) + the moon, go for + broke.
    * el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.
    * el mejor de todos = the cream of the crop, crème de la crème.
    * el mejor momento de todos = the time of all times.
    * el peor de todos = the worst of the lot.
    * el sueño de toda persona = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el sueño de todos = the stuff dreams are made of.
    * el todo es más grande que la suma de sus partes = the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
    * en casi todos los + Nombre = in just about every + Nombre.
    * encontrarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * encontrarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.
    * en toda la empresa = company-wide, systemwide.
    * en toda la institución = systemwide.
    * en toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * en toda ocasión = at every turn.
    * en todas partes = all around, far and wide.
    * en todo = throughout.
    * en todo caso = if anything.
    * en todo el edificio = site-wide.
    * en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].
    * en todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], world over, the, throughout the world, around the world, all around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over, in the whole world.
    * en todo el país = all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country, across the country.
    * en todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * en todo el proceso = throughout.
    * en todo el sistema = systemwide.
    * en todo momento = at all times, at every instant, every step of the way, throughout, at every turn, day in and day out, at all hours, time after time.
    * en todos estos sentidos = in all these regards.
    * en todos lados = far and wide.
    * en todos los aspectos = all-round.
    * en todos los sentidos = in all respects, in every sense.
    * en todos menos en = in all but.
    * en todos y cada uno de = in all.
    * escolarización para todos = universal schooling.
    * eso es casi todo = that's about it.
    * estar dispuesto a todo = be ready, willing and able.
    * estar en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar metido en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * estar pendiente de todo = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.
    * exento de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * extenderse por todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * extenderse por todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * famoso en todo el mundo = world-famous [world famous], world-renowned, world-renown.
    * fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.
    * fuera de toda duda = incontrovertible, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * fuera de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * ganar cuando todo parece estar perdido = victory from the jaws of defeat.
    * gente de todo tipo = people from all walks of life.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * hacerlo todo excepto = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.
    * hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.
    * hacer todo lo posible = do + Posesivo + best, pull out + all the stops, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can, try + hard, try + Posesivo + best, try + Posesivo + heart out, work + hard.
    * hacer todo lo posible (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer todo lo posible para = every effort + be + made to.
    * hacer todo lo posible por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], take + (great) pains to.
    * hacer todo lo que está en nuestras manos = pull out + all the stops.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda = do + Posesivo + best, do + the best + Nombre + may, do + the best + Nombre + can.
    * hacer todo lo que Uno pueda (dado) = do + the best possible (with).
    * hacer un todo de = lump + Nombre + into.
    * hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.
    * igualdad de condiciones para todos = levelling of the playing field.
    * igual para todos = one size fits all.
    * incluir a todo el mundo = inclusivity.
    * incluirlo todo = be all inclusive.
    * insuficiente para todos = insufficient to go round.
    * integrar formando un todo = articulate.
    * ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.
    * ir todo bien = be fine.
    * ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.
    * jalárselo todo = scoff + the lot, eat + Posesivo + way through.
    * jugarse el todo por el todo = take + the plunge, risk + life and limb.
    * jugárselo todo = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * jugárselo todo a una sola carta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * justamente todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * justamente todo lo contrario de = quite the opposite of.
    * libre de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * llegar a todas partes = reach + far and wide, extend + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llegar a todos lados = extend + far and wide, reach + far and wide, stretch + far and wide.
    * llevar al hospital con toda urgencia = rush + Nombre + to hospital.
    * llevar todas las de perder = odds + be stacked against, not have a leg to stand on.
    * lo mejor de todo = best of all.
    * lo primero de todo = first of all, first off.
    * mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.
    * más allá de toda duda = beyond doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt.
    * más allá de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * más bien todo lo contrario = quite the contrary, quite the reverse.
    * más que todo lo demás = beyond all else.
    * más que todos nosotros juntos = more than all of us put together.
    * meter las manos en todo = have + a finger in every pie.
    * meterse en todos los fregados = have + a finger in every pie.
    * motocicleta todo terreno = dirt bike.
    * no aburrir a Alguien con todos los detalles = spare + Nombe + all the details.
    * no creerse Algo del todo = take + Nombre + with a pinch of salt.
    * no del todo maduro, verde = underripe.
    * no ser oro todo lo que reluce = not + it's cracked up to be.
    * no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.
    * No todo lo que reluce es oro = All that glitters is not gold, Not all that is gold glitters.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.
    * para sorpresa de todos = to everyone's surprise.
    * para toda la empresa = company-wide, enterprise-wide.
    * para toda la industria = industry-wide.
    * para toda la universidad = university-wide.
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * para todo el mercado = industry-wide.
    * para todos los efectos prácticos = for all practical purposes.
    * para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * para todo uso = all-purpose.
    * pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.
    * póliza de seguro a todo riesgo = all risks cover.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = shoot (for) + the moon, put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * poner toda la carne en el asador = go for + broke.
    * poner todo de + Posesivo + parte = do + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + best, give + Posesivo + utmost.
    * poner todo patas arriba = turn + everything upside down.
    * poner todos los huevos en una canasta = put + all (of) + Posesivo + eggs in one basket.
    * por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.
    * por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.
    * por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.
    * por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.
    * por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.
    * por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.
    * por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].
    * por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.
    * por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * por toda la provincia = province-wide.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.
    * por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.
    * por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * por todo el continente = continent-wide.
    * por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].
    * por todo el gobierno = government-wide.
    * por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.
    * por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.
    * por todo el servicio = service-wide.
    * por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.
    * por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.
    * por todos conocido = well-known.
    * por todos lados = far and wide.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * por todos sitios = everywhere.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * reconocido por todos = widely recognised.
    * relación parte = whole/part relationship.
    * replantearse todo desde cero = get back to + basics.
    * reservados todos los derechos = all rights reserved.
    * resistir con todas las fuerzas = resist + with every cell in + Posesivo + body.
    * respetado por todos = widely-respected.
    * revolucionarlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * revolverlo todo = turn + everything upside down.
    * sacarle defectos a todo = nitpick.
    * sacarle faltas a todo = nitpick.
    * salir a toda prisa = make + a hasty exit.
    * seguro a todo riesgo = comprehensive insurance, all-risk insurance.
    * ser conocido por todos = be out in the open.
    * ser el centro de todas las miradas = cut + a dash.
    * ser justo con todos = give the devil his due.
    * serlo todo para todos = be all things to all men, be all things to all people.
    * ser todo corazón = have + a heart of gold.
    * ser todo oídos = be all ears.
    * ser todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * ser todo ventajas = the best of both worlds.
    * ser todo vida = be all life.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * si todo va de acuerdo a lo planeado = all (other) things being equal.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * sobre todo = above all, above everything else, in particular, above all things.
    * tan amado de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan amado por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.
    * tan queridos de todos = so beloved of all.
    * tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.
    * tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.
    * tener todas las de perder = fight + a losing battle.
    * tener todas las posibilidades de = have + every possibility of.
    * tener todo + Nombre + a + Posesivo + disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo + Nombre + para + Pronombre = have + the run of the + Nombre.
    * tener todo un éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tienda de todo a cien = dollar store.
    * tienda que vende de todo = general store.
    * titular a toda plana = headline banner.
    * toda alma viviente = every living soul.
    * toda clase de = all sorts of.
    * toda la comunidad = the community at large.
    * toda la fuerza = full force.
    * toda la fuerza de = the full force of.
    * toda la fuerza del impacto = full force.
    * toda la noche = all night long.
    * toda la sociedad = society at large.
    * toda la trupe = in full force.
    * toda la verdad sobre = the skinny on.
    * toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.
    * todas las florituras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.
    * todas las partes implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las personas implicadas = all concerned.
    * todas las razones del mundo = every reason.
    * todas las semanas = weekly.
    * toda una serie de = a whole series of.
    * toda una vida = a lifetime.
    * toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * todo a la vez = all at once.
    * todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.
    * todo bicho viviente = every living soul, everyone and their mother, every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo confuso = in a state of disarray.
    * todo continúa como antes = life goes on as before.
    * todo cuesta algo = nothing comes without a cost.
    * todo de una vez = in one lump.
    * todo de (un) golpe = all at once.
    * todo dios = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo el año = year-round.
    * todo el cotarro = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo el día = all day, all day long, around the clock.
    * todo el fin de semana = all weekend long.
    * todo el mundo = all and sundry, every Tom, Dick and Harry, everybody, each and everyone.
    * todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.
    * todo el peso de la ley = full force of the law, the, full force of the law, the.
    * todo el rato = all the while.
    * todo el santo día = all day long.
    * todo el tiempo = all of the time, left, right and centre, the whole time, all the while.
    * todo el tinglado = the whole works, the whole shebang, everything and the kitchen sink, the whole enchilada, the whole (kit and) caboodle, the whole nine yards, the whole shooting match, the whole banana, lock, stock and barrel.
    * todo en su conjunto = whole affair, the.
    * todo en uno = all in one.
    * todo es posible = all bets are off, the sky is the limit.
    * todo está a la vista = what you see is what you get.
    * todo esto = the whole thing.
    * todo excepto = everything except (for).
    * todo florido = in full blossom.
    * todo hijo de vecino = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo incluido = all-inclusive.
    * todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.
    * todo liado = in a state of disarray.
    * todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse, in marked contrast.
    * todo lo demás = all else.
    * todo lo que toca se convierte en oro = Midas touch, the.
    * todo lo relativo al personaje novelesco Holmes = Holmesiana.
    * todo lujo de detalles = chapter and verse.
    * todo marcha bien = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo menos = everything except (for).
    * todo mindundi = every Tom, Dick and Harry.
    * todo + Nombre = the whole + Nombre.
    * todo queda en casa = all in the family.
    * todo quisque = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo quisqui = every Tom, Dick and Harry, everyone and their mother.
    * todo recto = straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos = everybody, everyone, them all, all comers, great and small, all concerned, anyone and everyone.
    * todos a cubierta = all hands on deck!.
    * todos a la faena = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todos al rescate = all hands on deck, all hands to the pump(s).
    * todo seguido = continuously, straight ahead, straight on.
    * todos ellos = them all.
    * todo ser humano = every living soul.
    * todos + estar de acuerdo = agree on + all hands.
    * todos excepto = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos excepto + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos lo demás = everyone else.
    * todos los accesorios extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los adornos extras = all the bells and whistles.
    * todos los años = on a yearly basis, year in and year out, year-on-year.
    * todos los demás = everybody else.
    * todos los derechos reservados = all rights reserved.
    * todos los días = daily, on a daily basis, every day, day in and day out.
    * todos los miembros de la agencia = agency-wide.
    * todos los otros = all of the other.
    * todos manos a la obra = all hands to the pump(s), all hands on deck.
    * todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.
    * todos menos + Número = all but + Número.
    * todos nosotros = all of us.
    * todos por igual = share and share alike.
    * todos ustedes = you all.
    * todos vosotros = you all.
    * todos y cada uno = all and sundry, in full force, each and everyone.
    * todos y cada uno de = any and every, any and all.
    * todos y cada uno de + Adjetivo + Nombre = Pronombre + every + Nombre.
    * todo tiene sus ventajas y sus inconvenientes = swings and roundabouts, what you lose on the swings you gain on the roundabouts.
    * todo tipo de = all sorts of, all manner of.
    * todo tipo de gustos = all shades of opinion.
    * todo va a las mil maravillas = everything is hunky-dory.
    * todo vale = no holds barred.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * Verbo + sobre todo = Verbo + the most.
    * vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.
    * y lo peor de todo = and worst of all.
    * y sobre todo = and worst of all.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.
    * zampárselo todo = scoff + the lot.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (la totalidad de): invitó a toda la clase she invited the whole class
    ha estado llorando toda or todita la mañana ( fam); he's been crying all morning o the whole morning
    no lo he visto en todo el día/toda la semana I haven't seen him all day/all week
    todo el secreto consiste en usar un buen caldo the secret of the whole thing is to use good stock
    dedicó toda su vida a la investigación he dedicated his entire o whole life to research
    se recorrió todo México she traveled all over Mexico
    España toda lo acompaña the whole of Spain is with him
    deja las cosas tiradas por todos lados he leaves things lying about everywhere o all over the place
    empujó con todas sus fuerzas she pushed with all her might
    todas y cada una de las necesidades de su empresa each and every one of o all of your company's needs
    me gustan todos los deportes I like all sports
    todos ustedes lo sabían all of you knew, you all knew
    2
    (uso enfático): a toda velocidad at top speed
    a todo correr as fast as possible
    le dieron todo tipo or toda clase de facilidades they gave him every facility
    está fuera de toda duda it's beyond all doubt
    a todo esto (mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime; (a propósito) incidentally, by the way
    a todo esto, a Juan se lo habían llevado al hospital while all this was happening o meanwhile o in the meantime they had taken Juan to (the) hospital
    3 todo lo + ADJ/ADV:
    puedes hacerlo todo lo largo que quieras you can make it as long as you like
    B
    (cualquier, cada): toda persona detenida debe ser informada de sus derechos all detainees must be informed of their rights, anyone who is detained must be informed of his or her rights
    todo artículo importado all imported items, any imported item
    todo tipo de información all kinds of information
    todo aquél que se sienta capaz anyone who feels capable
    todos los días/los jueves/los años every day/Thursday/year
    todos los primeros viernes de mes the first Friday of every month
    Compuesto:
    el/un todo the/a whole
    dos mitades forman un todo two halves make a whole
    jugarse el todo por el todo to risk o gamble everything on one throw
    1 ( en sing) everything
    lo han perdido todo they've lost everything
    a pesar de todo la sigo queriendo despite everything I still love her
    todo le parece poco he's never satisfied
    come todo lo que quieras eat as much as you like
    te puedes quedar todo lo que quieras you can stay as long as you like
    no fue todo lo interesante que pensábamos que iba a ser it wasn't as interesting as we thought it would be
    ¿eso es todo? is that all?
    se cree que lo sabe todo he thinks he knows it all
    con él siempre es o todo o nada with him it's always (a case of) all or nothing
    2 todos/todas (referidoa cosas) all; (— a personas) all, everybody
    se rompieron todos they all broke
    los compró todos she bought all of them
    vinieron todos they all came, everybody came
    son todos compañeros de clase they're all classmates
    ¿están todos? is everyone o everybody here?
    ¿estamos todos? are we all here?
    B ( en locs):
    con todo y con eso or con todo ( fam) (aun así) all the same, even so; (bien mirado) all in all
    con todo, sigo pensando que … all the same o even so I still think that …
    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything
    venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things
    hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything
    del todo totally
    está loca del todo she's completely o totally mad
    fue del todo imposible it was absolutely o totally impossible
    eso no es del todo cierto that's not entirely o totally true
    y todo: estropeado y todo, éste es mucho más valioso damaged though it is, this one is still much more valuable
    enfermo y todo, vino a trabajar sick as he was, he still came to work
    tuvo que venir la policía y todo ( fam); the police had to come and everything ( colloq)
    de todas, todas ( fam): ¿es verdad? — de todas, todas is it true? — you bet it is! ( colloq)
    ganó de todas, todas he won by a mile ( colloq)
    me las pagará/pagarás todas juntas one of these days I'll get even with him/you for all of this
    no tenerlas todas consigo to be a little worried o uneasy
    ser todo uno: verla entrar y ponerse a llorar fue todo uno he saw her come in and immediately o promptly burst into tears
    está todo mojado it's all wet
    iba toda vestida de negro she was dressed all in black
    tiene la cara toda marcada her face is badly scarred
    está toda entusiasmada con la idea del viaje she's all o terribly excited about the trip
    todo alrededor del puño all o right around the cuff
    ya es toda una señorita she's a real young lady now, she's quite a young lady now
    aquello fue todo un espectáculo that was quite a show!, that was some show!
    3
    (indicando cualidad predominante): el pescado era todo espinas the fish was full of bones
    cuéntame, soy toda oídos tell me, I'm all ears
    por toda respuesta lanzó un bufido/me guiñó el ojo his only reply was to snort/wink at me
    * * *

     

    todo 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1 ( la totalidad de) all;

    toda la mañana all morning, the whole morning;
    invitó a toda la clase she invited the whole class;
    por todos lados all over the place;
    todos ustedes lo sabían you all knew;
    See Also→ mundo 1
    2 (cualquier, cada):

    todo aquel que quiera anyone who wishes to;
    todos los días every day
    3 ( uso enfático):

    con toda inocencia in all innocence;
    le dieron todo tipo de facilidades they gave him all kind of facilities;
    a todo esto ( mientras tanto) meanwhile, in the meantime;

    ( a propósito) incidentally, by the way
    ■ pronombre
    1


    todo le parece poco he's never satisfied;
    come todo lo que quieras eat as much as you like;
    todo o nada all or nothing
    b)

    todos/todas ( referido acosas) all;


    (— a personas) all, everybody;

    vinieron todos they all came, everybody came;
    buena suerte a todos good luck to everybody;
    es el más alto de todos he's the tallest of the lot o of them all;
    ¿están todos? is everyone o everybody here?;
    todos y cada uno each and every one
    2 ( en locs)

    de todo: come de todo she'll eat anything;
    venden de todo they sell everything o all sorts of things;
    hace de todo un poco he does a bit of everything;
    del todo totally
    3 ( como adv)




    todo 2 sustantivo masculino:
    el/un todo the/a whole;

    jugarse el todo por el todo to risk o gamble everything on one throw
    todo,-a
    1 adjetivo
    1 (la totalidad: singular) all, whole: recorrió toda España, she travelled all over Spain
    toda la semana, the whole week o all week
    toda tu vida, your entire life o all your life
    2 (: plural) all: todos sus hermanos, all his brothers
    todos lo sabíamos, we all knew
    se comió todas las fresas, she ate all the strawberries
    3 (todo el mundo) todos están riendo, everybody is laughing
    4 (cada, cualquier) every: viene todos los meses, he comes every month
    todo el que desee..., anyone who wishes to...
    5 fam (intensificador) through and through: es toda una atleta, she is every inch an athlete
    II pron
    1 (sin excepciones, sin exclusiones) everything: lo compró todo, he bought it all
    lo perdió todo, he lost everything
    lo sabe todo, she knows everything
    todo son problemas, there's nothing but trouble
    eso es todo, that's all
    (todo el mundo) todos piensan que eres muy lista, everybody thinks you're very clever
    nos invitó a todos, he invited all of us
    todos y cada uno, each and every one
    III adv (por completo, totalmente) estaba todo convencido, he was entirely convinced
    estás todo mojado, you are all wet
    está todo nervioso, he's terribly o all excited
    IV sustantivo masculino todo (total, suma) whole
    en todo o en parte, in whole or in part
    All y whole tienen significados parecidos, pero se usan en estructuras diferentes. All se coloca delante de un artículo, pronombre posesivo o demostrativo, mientras que whole se coloca después: all the world, pero the whole world; all your family, pero your whole family; all this time, pero this whole time. Recuerda que no puedes usar whole sin artículo o pronombre correspondiente ni con sustantivos que indican masa (incontables). Por tanto, la traducción de todo el vino es all the wine y no the whole wine.
    El plural todos o todo el mundo se traduce por everybody o everyone. Aunque el verbo acompañante aparezca en singular, cualquier pronombre que emplees debe estar en plural: Todos deben traer sus propios bolígrafos. Everybody has to bring their (own) pens.

    ' todo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abarcar
    - acabar
    - alta
    - alto
    - amén
    - anochecer
    - ante
    - arramblar
    - arriba
    - bendita
    - bendito
    - bicho
    - bocado
    - borraja
    - borrosa
    - borroso
    - bregar
    - caballero
    - cachaza
    - camino
    - carente
    - caso
    - cháchara
    - color
    - comandita
    - comerse
    - con
    - conforme
    - contrapelo
    - contraria
    - contrario
    - control
    - corazón
    - Cristo
    - cuanta
    - cuanto
    - danza
    - decir
    - delante
    - derecha
    - derecho
    - descaminada
    - descaminado
    - despojar
    - después
    - dios
    - disponer
    - empeño
    - encerrarse
    - encima
    English:
    above
    - above-board
    - abrupt
    - ache
    - aching
    - act up
    - add up
    - agreement
    - ahead
    - aid
    - all
    - all-in
    - altogether
    - always
    - amok
    - anyhow
    - anything
    - appearance
    - as
    - backdrop
    - ball
    - be-all and end-all
    - behind
    - bend
    - best
    - blare out I
    - blast
    - blast out
    - blow
    - blunder
    - boat
    - boil down
    - bottom
    - breast
    - but
    - by
    - call
    - careless
    - character
    - checklist
    - cheese off
    - chiefly
    - clause
    - clean
    - clear up
    - colour
    - come out
    - come to
    - common
    - comprehensive
    * * *
    todo, -a
    adj
    1. [el conjunto o total de] all;
    todo el día all day;
    todo el libro the whole book, all (of) the book;
    todo el vino all (of) the wine;
    todas las manzanas all the apples;
    todos los americanos all Americans;
    toda esta planta está dedicada al impresionismo all (of) o the whole of this floor is devoted to impressionism;
    todo un día está dedicado a visitar la ciudad a whole day is devoted to visiting the city;
    todos ellos se marcharon they all left;
    toda su ilusión es conocer Europa her greatest wish is to visit Europe;
    por todas partes everywhere;
    todo el mundo, Méx [m5] todo mundo everybody;
    en todo momento at all times;
    ilustraciones a todo color full-colour illustrations;
    un seguro a todo riesgo a comprehensive insurance policy;
    subimos la calle a toda velocidad we went up the street as fast as we could o at top speed;
    todo Buenos Aires habla de ello the whole of o all of Buenos Aires is talking about it
    2. [cada, cualquier] every;
    todos los días/lunes every day/Monday;
    como todo mexicano sabe… as every Mexican knows…, as all Mexicans know…;
    todo edificio de más de veinte años pasará una revisión all buildings that are more than twenty years old will be inspected;
    todo aquel que o [m5] todo el que viole las normas anybody o anyone who breaks the rules;
    todos aquellos que o [m5] todos los que están en huelga all those (who are) on strike
    3. [para enfatizar]
    es todo un hombre he's every inch a man;
    ya es toda una mujer she's a grown woman now;
    fue todo un éxito it was a great success;
    se produjo todo un cúmulo de casualidades there was a whole series of coincidences
    4. [del todo]
    el jardín estaba todo descuidado the garden was completely o all neglected;
    se puso toda enojada she got all annoyed
    pron
    1. [singular] everything;
    lo vendió todo he sold everything, he sold it all;
    todo está listo everything is ready, it's all ready;
    todo es poco tratándose de sus hijos nothing is too much when it comes to her children;
    se enoja por todo he gets angry at the slightest thing;
    eso es todo that's all
    Esp todo a cien [tienda] Br ≈ pound shop, US ≈ nickel-and-dime store
    2.
    todos [todas las personas] everybody, everyone;
    [todas las cosas] all of them;
    todos vinieron everybody o everyone came, they all came;
    quiero agradecer a todos su cooperación I would like to thank you all o everybody o everyone for your cooperation;
    ¿estamos todos? are we all here?, is everybody o everyone here?;
    todos están rotos they're all broken, all of them are broken;
    me los ha dado todos she's given me all of them, she's given me them all
    3. [otras frases]
    ante todo [sobre todo] above all;
    [en primer lugar] first of all;
    con todo (y con eso) all the same;
    de todo everything (you can think of);
    tenemos de todo we have everything;
    puede pasar de todo anything could happen;
    después de todo after all;
    del todo completely;
    no estoy del todo contento I'm not entirely happy;
    no lo hace mal del todo she doesn't do it at all badly;
    está en todo he thinks of everything;
    pese a todo, a pesar de todo in spite of o despite everything;
    todo lo más at (the) most;
    y todo: me invitó a cenar y todo she even asked me to dinner;
    se presentó en la fiesta con muletas y todo he turned up at the party, crutches and all;
    de todas todas without a shadow of a doubt;
    fue todo uno: subirse al barco y marearse fue todo uno no sooner had he got on the boat than he felt sick
    nm
    whole;
    jugarse el todo por el todo to stake everything
    adv
    [totalmente]
    el camarero era todo amabilidad the waiter was all friendliness, the waiter was extremely friendly;
    esa chica es todo huesos that girl is all skin and bones;
    soy todo oídos I'm all ears
    a todo esto loc adv
    [mientras tanto] meanwhile; [a propósito] by the way
    * * *
    I adj all;
    todos los domingos every Sunday;
    toda la clase the whole o the entire class
    II adv all;
    estaba todo sucio it was all dirty;
    con todo all the same;
    del todo entirely, absolutely
    III pron all, everything; pl everybody, everyone;
    estaban todos everybody was there;
    esto es todo cuanto sé that’s all I know
    :
    o todo o nada all or nothing;
    de todas todas fam without a shadow of a doubt;
    ir a por todas go all out;
    estar en todo be on top of things
    * * *
    todo, -da adj
    1) : all, whole, entire
    con toda sinceridad: with all sincerity
    toda la comunidad: the whole community
    2) : every, each
    a todo nivel: at every level
    3) : maximum
    a toda velocidad: at top speed
    4)
    todo el mundo : everyone, everybody
    todo nm
    : whole
    todo, -da pron
    1) : everything, all, every bit
    lo sabe todo: he knows it all
    es todo un soldado: he's every inch a soldier
    2) todos, -das pl
    : everybody, everyone, all
    * * *
    todo1 adj
    2. (cada) every
    todo el mundo everyone / everybody
    todo2 adv all
    todo3 pron
    2. (todas las cosas) everything
    3. (toda la gente) everyone / everybody

    Spanish-English dictionary > todo

  • 3 жалеть

    гл.
    1. to be sorry about; 2. to be sorry for; 3. to wish; 4. to regret; 5. to have (no) regret; 6. to sympathize; 7. to have/to feel sympathy for; 8. to feel for; 9. to pity; 10. to have pity on; 11. to spare; 12. to grudge
    Русское многозначное жалеть относится к проявлению чувств и эмоций, таких как жалость, сострадание, сочувствие, оно также выражает отношение к различного рода затратам (времени, денег, сил). Английские эквиваленты относятся к разным частям речи и передаются разными словами и словосочетаниями.
    1. to be sorry about — сожалеть ( о чем-либо), жалеть (что-либо), печалиться, сокрушаться: I know I was unkind to her and I'm sorry about it. — Я знаю, что был с ней нелюбезен, и я об этом очень сожалею. I wish I had attended the concert. — Oh, you need not be sorry about it, the concert was very dull. — Жаль, что я не был на концерте. — О, не о чем сожалеть, концерт был очень скучный. Aunt June had always felt a little sorry that she had never married. — Тетя Джун всегда немного жалела, что не вышла замуж. It was a stupid idea and I'm sorry ever mentioned it. — Это была глупая идея, и мне жаль, что я о пей вообще заговорил. Не was sorry to be leaving the small town where he had grown up. — Ему было жаль покидать этот маленький городок, где он вырос. They will be sorry for the mess they have made in the house when their mother gets home. — Когда мать придет домой, они еще пожалеют, что устроили в доме такой беспорядок. There is nothing to be sorry about, you haven't done anything wrong. — He о чем сожалеть, ты ничего плохого не сделал. She was sorry about hurting him, but she felt she had to tell him about it. — Она сожалела, что причинила ему огорчение, но сознавала, что должна была сказать ему об этом.
    2. tо be sorry for — жалеть ( кого-либо), сочувствовать ( комулибо) ( испытывать чувство жалости): She told me you didn't gel the job, I am very sorry for you. — Она сказала мне, что вы не получили эту работу, я вам сочувствую./Ома сообщила мне, что вам не дали эту работу, мне очень жаль. Sometimes Betty fell sorry for her friend, she seemed so lonely. — Иногда Бетти было жалко подругу, она была такой одинокой./Иногда Бетти жалела подругу, у нее был такой грустный вид. I know he is behaving badly, but I cannot help feeling sorry for him. — Я знаю, что он себя плохо ведет, но не могу его не жалеть. Не will probably go to jail for this, it is his wife I feel sorry for. — Он наверно сядет за это в тюрьму, но я сочувствую больше его жене./Он вероятно попадет за это в тюрьму, но я больше жалею его жену.
    3. to wish — сожалеть, сокрушаться; жалеть, что, жаль, что (глагол wish передает это значение в конструкции с последующим глаголом в форме Subjunctive и может относить ситуацию к настоящему или будущему с Subjunctive I или к прошлому с формой Subjunctive II): I wish I knew the subject better. — Я хотел бы знать этот предмет лучше./Жаль, но этого вопроса я хорошо не знаю. I wish I had accepted his offer. — Жаль, что я не принял этого предложения./Я сожалею о том, что не принял этого предложения./Надо было принять это предложение. I wish I had not told her about it. — Жаль, что я ей об этом рассказал. I wish I did not go there. — Я жалею, что пошел туда. I wish I had known about your decision before. — Жаль, что я не знал о вашем решении раньше.
    4. to regret — жалеть, сожалеть (испытывать печаль, огорчение при мысли о том, что нельзя исправить; желать, чтобы этого не произошло): to regret smth — сожалеть о чем-либо I have often regretted leaving the police post. — Я часто сожалею, что оставил работу в полиции. Inviting the family to live with her was a decision she would later regret. — Она будет позже сожалеть о своем решении предложить этой семье жить с ней. It is a great opportunity, Mr. Joyce, you will never regret it. — Это очень хорошая возможность, мистер Джойс, вы никогда об этом не пожалеете. I said they could come but immediately regretted it. — Я сказал, что им можно прийти, но тут же пожалел об этом./Я сказал, что они могут прийти, но сразу же пожалел об этом.
    5. to have (no) regret — сожалеть, сочувствовать: My only regret is that I never visited the place. — Единственное, о чем я сожалею, это о том, что я не побывал в этом месте. I know that if I didn't make a clean breast with Victor I should be filled with regret for the rest of my life. — Я знаю, что, если бы честно во всем не признался Виктору, я бы сожалел об этом до конца своих дней.
    6. to sympathize — жалеть, сочувствовать ( разделять чьи-либо чувства): Lucy was in a terribly difficult position. Mr. Hardy sympathized with her and offered his help. — Люси была в очень трудном положении, и мистер Харди посочувствовал ей и предложил свою помощь./Люси была и очень трудной ситуации, и мистер Харди пожалел ее и предложил ей помочь. Much as I sympathize with you in your position I don't really see what I can do. — Я вам очень сочувствую в вашем положении, но не вижу, что я могу для вас сделать. I sympathize with you, my son also used to be teased at school. — Я вам сочувствую, моего сына тоже когда-то дразнили в школе./Я вас понимаю, моего сына тоже когда-то дразнили в школе./Я понимаю, как вам неприятно, моего сына тоже когда-то дразнили в школе.
    7. to have/to feel sympathy for — сочувствовать кому-либо ( кто находится в тяжелом положении и выражать понимание его состояния): Не felt some sympathy for the poor old woman, he knew what it was like to be alone. — Он жалел бедную старушку, он знал, что значит быть одиноким./Он сочувствовал бедной старушке, он знал, каково быть одиноким. I'm afraid I don't have much sympathy for people who spend more than they can afford and then find themselves in debt. — Боюсь, я не жалею людей, которые тратят больше, чем они могут себе позволить, и потом оказываются в долгах./Боюсь, я не сочувствую людям, которые тратят больше, чем они могут себе позволить, и потом оказываются в долгах. You have my deepest sympathy we were sorry to hear of your sister's death. — Я вам глубоко сочувствую, мы очень огорчились, узнав о смерти вашей сестры.
    8. to feel for — жалеть, сочувствовать (искренне жалеть кого-либо, у кого неприятности или кому нездоровится; понимать чужие затруднения): I really feel for her, with no job and three children to feed. — Мне ее очень жаль, она без работы и стремя детьми на руках, которых надо кормить./ Я ей очень сочувствую, у нес трое детей, которых надо кормить, а работы нет. You couldn't help feeling for their team when they missed a penalty at the last minute of the game. — Нельзя было не посочувствовать команде, которой забили пенальти в последнюю минуту игры./Нельзя было не посочувствовать команде, когда они пропустили штрафной удар на последней минуте игры.
    9. to pity — жалеть, испытывать жалость к кому-либо ( в его несчастье): When we hear of refugees starving it is not enough to pity their misery; we must do something practical. — Когда слышишь о том, что беженцы голодают, то мало их пожалеть, надо предпринять практические шаги./Когда мы слышим о том, что беженцы голодают, то мало их жалеть, мы должны сделать что-либо для них. I pity you having to leave your home for such a long lime. — Мне жаль, что тебе приходится уезжать из дома так надолго.
    10. to have pity on — жалеть, сжалиться ( над кем-либо) (сочувствовать и делать что-либо, чтобы ему помочь): The starving child came to the door dressed in rags. The old couple, poor as they were, took pity on her and gave her food. — Голодающий ребенок в лохмотьях подошел к дверям пожилой пары; как ни были бедны эти старики сами, они сжалились над ребенком и накормили его. She was full of pity for the little boy with no one to love him and care for him. — Ее переполняла жалость к мальчугану, которого никто не любил, о котором никто не заботился.
    11. to spare — жалеть, беречь, экономить: to spare one's strength — беречь силы/жалеть силы; to spare expenses — экономить на расходах/жалеть делать лишние затраты; to spare no pains — не жалеть сил; to spare no efforts — не жалеть усилий
    12. to grudge — жалеть, скупиться, неохотно давать, неохотно тратить: Не grudged the time for a walk. — Ему жалко тратить время на прогулку. Не grudged me every penny. — Он жалел для меня каждую копейку.

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > жалеть

  • 4 רצי

    רצי, רָצָה(b. h.; v. רְעֵי II) 1) to favor, pardon. Midr. Till. to Ps. 44 אף בניו … ולהם רָצִיתָ ולא לנו thou hast also done great things for his (Abrahams) children in the desert, and to them thou hast been benevolent, but not to us. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., Par. 3, ch. 4 (ref. to Lev. 1:4) חמקום רוֹצֶה לו the Lord will receive his offering with favor (pardon him); ועל מה המקים רוצהוכ׳ and for what sins will the Lord pardon him? For sins of omission ; Yalk. Lev. 438. Ab. V, 11 נוח לִרְצוֹת easily appeased; a. e. 2) to please, desire, be willing, consent. Lev. R. s. 34 רְצֵה והחליצנו, v. חָלַץ. Meg.29a (play on תר̇צ̇ד̇ון̇, Ps. 68:17) למה תִרְֹצֹוּ ד̇ין̇ עם סיני why do you desire a contest with Sinai?; Yalk. Jud. 47 למה אתם ר֗ו֗צִ֗ים ומד̇יינ̇ים why are you so willing to contest? Macc.10b, a. e. בדרך שאדם רוצהוכ׳ on what way a man wants to go, they (heavenly powers) lead him. Keth.12b אם רָצוּ לעשותוכ׳ if they wish to follow the usage of priests Yeb.IV, 5 לאר׳ if he declines (to act as yabam). Ab. Zar.32a רוצה בקיומוע״י דבר אחר if he wants the preservation of an idolatrous object for some other purpose. Ber.7a כשרָצִיתִי לא רָצִיתָוכ׳ when I was willing (to reveal myself), thou wast unwilling (didst hide thy face) ; a. v. fr. Pi. רִצָּה 1) to appease, to procure pardon. Ex. R. s. 45 יהיו פני מְרַצִּין את פניך my countenance shall appease thy countenance, v. כָּעַס. Ib. כשהיה …הקב״ה מְרַצֶּה אותווכ׳ when Moses was angry with Israel, the Lord appeased him Ib. אהיה מְרַצְּךָ I shall appease thee; (Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 27 אני ברצון, v. רָצוֹן). Ab. IV, 18 אל תְּרַצֶּהוכ׳, v. כַּעַס. Ber. l. c. מנין שאין מְרַצִּיןוכ׳ whence do we learn that we must not attempt to appease a man at the moment of his excitement? Sifra l. c. אע״פ שלא סמך הזבח מרצה although he has not put his hand on the victim, the sacrifice produces pardon; Yalk. Lev. l. c. נרצה הזבח the sacrifice is accepted. Pes.16b על מה הציץ מרצה for what (mistake at sacrifices) does the high priests plate effect pardon (make the sacrifice acceptable)?; Men.25b. Ib. III, 3. Sifré Deut. 32 כשם שקרבנות מְרַצִּיםוכ׳ as sacrifices are the means of atonement, so are sufferings ; a. fr. 2) to make pleasing, acceptable. Midr. Till. to Ps. 85 הקב״ה … עד שתְּרַצֶּה מעשיה להקב״ה the Lord turns around and observes and puts his eye on her (the earth), until she makes her deeds pleasing unto the Lord; ib. אותה שעה היא מְרַצָּהוכ׳ then she makes her deeds pleasing ; Yalk. ib. 833. Nif. נִרְצָה 1) to be acceptable, be accepted. Sifra l. c. ונרצה לו לו ולזבחו ‘it shall be accepted for him (Lev. 1:4) he and his sacrifice shall be accepted; Yalk. Lev. l. c. Ib. נ׳ הזבח, v. supra; a. e. 2) to be appeased. Lam. R. to I, 2 (ref. to Ps. 77:8) לא לְרַצּוֹת ולא לֵירָצוֹת never to appease and never to be appeased; a. e. Hif. הִרְצָה 1) to satisfy (a debt), to make up for. Yalk. Lev. 675 (ref. to Lev. 26:34) the land shall rest of itself עד שתַּרְצֶח לפני … היא חייבת לי until it shall have made up before me for all the Sabbatical years which it owes me. Sifré Deut. 355 (ref. to רצוי, Deut. 33:24) שהיה מִתְרַצֶּה … והן מַרְצִים לו בתבואה he showed himself accommodating to his brethren with oil …, and they settled their account with grain; Yalk. ib. 962. 2) ( to combine, to assort coins; to count; to pay. Sabb.22a להַרְצוֹת מעותוכ׳ to assort coins by the Ḥanuckah lights. Ber.61a; Erub.18b המַרְצֶה מעות לאשהוכ׳ he who pays money to a woman counting from his to her hand for the sake of gazing at her. Snh.68a … הרבה מעות שולחני להַרְצוֹתָן I have many coins, but no money-changer to assort them (many questions to ask but none to solve them); a. fr. 3) (trnsf.) to arrange subjects for debate, to discourse. Tosef.Nidd.VI, 6 כשבאתי והִרְצֵיתִי דברים לפניוכ׳ when I came and discussed the subject before R. A. ; Ab. Zar.36b והִרְצֵתִי דבריוכ׳; Y.Peah VI, 19b bot.; Tosef.Ḥall.I, 6; Pes.38b; Y.Shek.V, 49a והריציתי (corr. acc.). Ḥag.14b ר׳ יהושעה׳ דבריםוכ׳ R. Joshua discoursed (on theosophy) before ; a. e., v. הַרְצָאָה. Hof. הוּרְצָה to be favorably received. Yoma 7a דם …ה׳ במזיד לאה׳ if blood became unclean, and one sprinkled it, if by mistake, it is received (and the flesh may be eaten), if wilfully, it is not; Pes.16b; a. fr. Hithp. הִתְרַצָּה, Nithpa. נִתְרַצָּה 1) to be reconciled, be satisfied; to comply with. Ex. R. s. 45 לך והִתְרַצֶּה להם go and comply with their wish, go back to the camp. Kidd.45a שמא נ׳ האב בקידושי שני perhaps the father was satisfied with (confirmed) the betrothal of the second man. Ib. b שמא נ׳ הבן perhaps the son sanctioned (his fathers action in his behalf). Y.Ber.IV, 7d top; Y.Taan.IV, 67d bot. נִתְרַצֵיתֶם אני ואתםוכ׳ if you are satisfied, let me and you go early to ; (Ber.28a נתפייסת); a. fr. 2) to be gratified, enjoy. Ber.53a bot. נ׳ להריח if he smelt (the idolatrous frankincense) with enjoyment.

    Jewish literature > רצי

  • 5 רצה

    רצי, רָצָה(b. h.; v. רְעֵי II) 1) to favor, pardon. Midr. Till. to Ps. 44 אף בניו … ולהם רָצִיתָ ולא לנו thou hast also done great things for his (Abrahams) children in the desert, and to them thou hast been benevolent, but not to us. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., Par. 3, ch. 4 (ref. to Lev. 1:4) חמקום רוֹצֶה לו the Lord will receive his offering with favor (pardon him); ועל מה המקים רוצהוכ׳ and for what sins will the Lord pardon him? For sins of omission ; Yalk. Lev. 438. Ab. V, 11 נוח לִרְצוֹת easily appeased; a. e. 2) to please, desire, be willing, consent. Lev. R. s. 34 רְצֵה והחליצנו, v. חָלַץ. Meg.29a (play on תר̇צ̇ד̇ון̇, Ps. 68:17) למה תִרְֹצֹוּ ד̇ין̇ עם סיני why do you desire a contest with Sinai?; Yalk. Jud. 47 למה אתם ר֗ו֗צִ֗ים ומד̇יינ̇ים why are you so willing to contest? Macc.10b, a. e. בדרך שאדם רוצהוכ׳ on what way a man wants to go, they (heavenly powers) lead him. Keth.12b אם רָצוּ לעשותוכ׳ if they wish to follow the usage of priests Yeb.IV, 5 לאר׳ if he declines (to act as yabam). Ab. Zar.32a רוצה בקיומוע״י דבר אחר if he wants the preservation of an idolatrous object for some other purpose. Ber.7a כשרָצִיתִי לא רָצִיתָוכ׳ when I was willing (to reveal myself), thou wast unwilling (didst hide thy face) ; a. v. fr. Pi. רִצָּה 1) to appease, to procure pardon. Ex. R. s. 45 יהיו פני מְרַצִּין את פניך my countenance shall appease thy countenance, v. כָּעַס. Ib. כשהיה …הקב״ה מְרַצֶּה אותווכ׳ when Moses was angry with Israel, the Lord appeased him Ib. אהיה מְרַצְּךָ I shall appease thee; (Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 27 אני ברצון, v. רָצוֹן). Ab. IV, 18 אל תְּרַצֶּהוכ׳, v. כַּעַס. Ber. l. c. מנין שאין מְרַצִּיןוכ׳ whence do we learn that we must not attempt to appease a man at the moment of his excitement? Sifra l. c. אע״פ שלא סמך הזבח מרצה although he has not put his hand on the victim, the sacrifice produces pardon; Yalk. Lev. l. c. נרצה הזבח the sacrifice is accepted. Pes.16b על מה הציץ מרצה for what (mistake at sacrifices) does the high priests plate effect pardon (make the sacrifice acceptable)?; Men.25b. Ib. III, 3. Sifré Deut. 32 כשם שקרבנות מְרַצִּיםוכ׳ as sacrifices are the means of atonement, so are sufferings ; a. fr. 2) to make pleasing, acceptable. Midr. Till. to Ps. 85 הקב״ה … עד שתְּרַצֶּה מעשיה להקב״ה the Lord turns around and observes and puts his eye on her (the earth), until she makes her deeds pleasing unto the Lord; ib. אותה שעה היא מְרַצָּהוכ׳ then she makes her deeds pleasing ; Yalk. ib. 833. Nif. נִרְצָה 1) to be acceptable, be accepted. Sifra l. c. ונרצה לו לו ולזבחו ‘it shall be accepted for him (Lev. 1:4) he and his sacrifice shall be accepted; Yalk. Lev. l. c. Ib. נ׳ הזבח, v. supra; a. e. 2) to be appeased. Lam. R. to I, 2 (ref. to Ps. 77:8) לא לְרַצּוֹת ולא לֵירָצוֹת never to appease and never to be appeased; a. e. Hif. הִרְצָה 1) to satisfy (a debt), to make up for. Yalk. Lev. 675 (ref. to Lev. 26:34) the land shall rest of itself עד שתַּרְצֶח לפני … היא חייבת לי until it shall have made up before me for all the Sabbatical years which it owes me. Sifré Deut. 355 (ref. to רצוי, Deut. 33:24) שהיה מִתְרַצֶּה … והן מַרְצִים לו בתבואה he showed himself accommodating to his brethren with oil …, and they settled their account with grain; Yalk. ib. 962. 2) ( to combine, to assort coins; to count; to pay. Sabb.22a להַרְצוֹת מעותוכ׳ to assort coins by the Ḥanuckah lights. Ber.61a; Erub.18b המַרְצֶה מעות לאשהוכ׳ he who pays money to a woman counting from his to her hand for the sake of gazing at her. Snh.68a … הרבה מעות שולחני להַרְצוֹתָן I have many coins, but no money-changer to assort them (many questions to ask but none to solve them); a. fr. 3) (trnsf.) to arrange subjects for debate, to discourse. Tosef.Nidd.VI, 6 כשבאתי והִרְצֵיתִי דברים לפניוכ׳ when I came and discussed the subject before R. A. ; Ab. Zar.36b והִרְצֵתִי דבריוכ׳; Y.Peah VI, 19b bot.; Tosef.Ḥall.I, 6; Pes.38b; Y.Shek.V, 49a והריציתי (corr. acc.). Ḥag.14b ר׳ יהושעה׳ דבריםוכ׳ R. Joshua discoursed (on theosophy) before ; a. e., v. הַרְצָאָה. Hof. הוּרְצָה to be favorably received. Yoma 7a דם …ה׳ במזיד לאה׳ if blood became unclean, and one sprinkled it, if by mistake, it is received (and the flesh may be eaten), if wilfully, it is not; Pes.16b; a. fr. Hithp. הִתְרַצָּה, Nithpa. נִתְרַצָּה 1) to be reconciled, be satisfied; to comply with. Ex. R. s. 45 לך והִתְרַצֶּה להם go and comply with their wish, go back to the camp. Kidd.45a שמא נ׳ האב בקידושי שני perhaps the father was satisfied with (confirmed) the betrothal of the second man. Ib. b שמא נ׳ הבן perhaps the son sanctioned (his fathers action in his behalf). Y.Ber.IV, 7d top; Y.Taan.IV, 67d bot. נִתְרַצֵיתֶם אני ואתםוכ׳ if you are satisfied, let me and you go early to ; (Ber.28a נתפייסת); a. fr. 2) to be gratified, enjoy. Ber.53a bot. נ׳ להריח if he smelt (the idolatrous frankincense) with enjoyment.

    Jewish literature > רצה

  • 6 רָצָה

    רצי, רָצָה(b. h.; v. רְעֵי II) 1) to favor, pardon. Midr. Till. to Ps. 44 אף בניו … ולהם רָצִיתָ ולא לנו thou hast also done great things for his (Abrahams) children in the desert, and to them thou hast been benevolent, but not to us. Sifra Vayikra, Ndab., Par. 3, ch. 4 (ref. to Lev. 1:4) חמקום רוֹצֶה לו the Lord will receive his offering with favor (pardon him); ועל מה המקים רוצהוכ׳ and for what sins will the Lord pardon him? For sins of omission ; Yalk. Lev. 438. Ab. V, 11 נוח לִרְצוֹת easily appeased; a. e. 2) to please, desire, be willing, consent. Lev. R. s. 34 רְצֵה והחליצנו, v. חָלַץ. Meg.29a (play on תר̇צ̇ד̇ון̇, Ps. 68:17) למה תִרְֹצֹוּ ד̇ין̇ עם סיני why do you desire a contest with Sinai?; Yalk. Jud. 47 למה אתם ר֗ו֗צִ֗ים ומד̇יינ̇ים why are you so willing to contest? Macc.10b, a. e. בדרך שאדם רוצהוכ׳ on what way a man wants to go, they (heavenly powers) lead him. Keth.12b אם רָצוּ לעשותוכ׳ if they wish to follow the usage of priests Yeb.IV, 5 לאר׳ if he declines (to act as yabam). Ab. Zar.32a רוצה בקיומוע״י דבר אחר if he wants the preservation of an idolatrous object for some other purpose. Ber.7a כשרָצִיתִי לא רָצִיתָוכ׳ when I was willing (to reveal myself), thou wast unwilling (didst hide thy face) ; a. v. fr. Pi. רִצָּה 1) to appease, to procure pardon. Ex. R. s. 45 יהיו פני מְרַצִּין את פניך my countenance shall appease thy countenance, v. כָּעַס. Ib. כשהיה …הקב״ה מְרַצֶּה אותווכ׳ when Moses was angry with Israel, the Lord appeased him Ib. אהיה מְרַצְּךָ I shall appease thee; (Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 27 אני ברצון, v. רָצוֹן). Ab. IV, 18 אל תְּרַצֶּהוכ׳, v. כַּעַס. Ber. l. c. מנין שאין מְרַצִּיןוכ׳ whence do we learn that we must not attempt to appease a man at the moment of his excitement? Sifra l. c. אע״פ שלא סמך הזבח מרצה although he has not put his hand on the victim, the sacrifice produces pardon; Yalk. Lev. l. c. נרצה הזבח the sacrifice is accepted. Pes.16b על מה הציץ מרצה for what (mistake at sacrifices) does the high priests plate effect pardon (make the sacrifice acceptable)?; Men.25b. Ib. III, 3. Sifré Deut. 32 כשם שקרבנות מְרַצִּיםוכ׳ as sacrifices are the means of atonement, so are sufferings ; a. fr. 2) to make pleasing, acceptable. Midr. Till. to Ps. 85 הקב״ה … עד שתְּרַצֶּה מעשיה להקב״ה the Lord turns around and observes and puts his eye on her (the earth), until she makes her deeds pleasing unto the Lord; ib. אותה שעה היא מְרַצָּהוכ׳ then she makes her deeds pleasing ; Yalk. ib. 833. Nif. נִרְצָה 1) to be acceptable, be accepted. Sifra l. c. ונרצה לו לו ולזבחו ‘it shall be accepted for him (Lev. 1:4) he and his sacrifice shall be accepted; Yalk. Lev. l. c. Ib. נ׳ הזבח, v. supra; a. e. 2) to be appeased. Lam. R. to I, 2 (ref. to Ps. 77:8) לא לְרַצּוֹת ולא לֵירָצוֹת never to appease and never to be appeased; a. e. Hif. הִרְצָה 1) to satisfy (a debt), to make up for. Yalk. Lev. 675 (ref. to Lev. 26:34) the land shall rest of itself עד שתַּרְצֶח לפני … היא חייבת לי until it shall have made up before me for all the Sabbatical years which it owes me. Sifré Deut. 355 (ref. to רצוי, Deut. 33:24) שהיה מִתְרַצֶּה … והן מַרְצִים לו בתבואה he showed himself accommodating to his brethren with oil …, and they settled their account with grain; Yalk. ib. 962. 2) ( to combine, to assort coins; to count; to pay. Sabb.22a להַרְצוֹת מעותוכ׳ to assort coins by the Ḥanuckah lights. Ber.61a; Erub.18b המַרְצֶה מעות לאשהוכ׳ he who pays money to a woman counting from his to her hand for the sake of gazing at her. Snh.68a … הרבה מעות שולחני להַרְצוֹתָן I have many coins, but no money-changer to assort them (many questions to ask but none to solve them); a. fr. 3) (trnsf.) to arrange subjects for debate, to discourse. Tosef.Nidd.VI, 6 כשבאתי והִרְצֵיתִי דברים לפניוכ׳ when I came and discussed the subject before R. A. ; Ab. Zar.36b והִרְצֵתִי דבריוכ׳; Y.Peah VI, 19b bot.; Tosef.Ḥall.I, 6; Pes.38b; Y.Shek.V, 49a והריציתי (corr. acc.). Ḥag.14b ר׳ יהושעה׳ דבריםוכ׳ R. Joshua discoursed (on theosophy) before ; a. e., v. הַרְצָאָה. Hof. הוּרְצָה to be favorably received. Yoma 7a דם …ה׳ במזיד לאה׳ if blood became unclean, and one sprinkled it, if by mistake, it is received (and the flesh may be eaten), if wilfully, it is not; Pes.16b; a. fr. Hithp. הִתְרַצָּה, Nithpa. נִתְרַצָּה 1) to be reconciled, be satisfied; to comply with. Ex. R. s. 45 לך והִתְרַצֶּה להם go and comply with their wish, go back to the camp. Kidd.45a שמא נ׳ האב בקידושי שני perhaps the father was satisfied with (confirmed) the betrothal of the second man. Ib. b שמא נ׳ הבן perhaps the son sanctioned (his fathers action in his behalf). Y.Ber.IV, 7d top; Y.Taan.IV, 67d bot. נִתְרַצֵיתֶם אני ואתםוכ׳ if you are satisfied, let me and you go early to ; (Ber.28a נתפייסת); a. fr. 2) to be gratified, enjoy. Ber.53a bot. נ׳ להריח if he smelt (the idolatrous frankincense) with enjoyment.

    Jewish literature > רָצָה

  • 7 mal

    adj.
    1 bad, evil.
    2 bad, poor.
    3 bad, deficient, low-quality.
    adv.
    hacer algo mal to do something wrong
    has escrito mal esta palabra you've spelled that word wrong
    hiciste mal en decírselo it was wrong of you to tell him
    portarse mal to behave badly
    la conferencia/reunión salió mal the talk/meeting went badly
    mal vestido badly dressed
    oigo/veo mal I can't hear/see very well
    esta puerta cierra mal this door doesn't shut properly
    Haces las cosas mal siempre! You always do things badly!
    3 hardly.
    mal puede saberlo si no se lo cuentas he's hardly going to know it if you don't tell him
    4 barely, hardly.
    Mal pudimos dormir esa noche We could barely sleep that night.
    m.
    1 harm, damage (daño).
    no te hará ningún mal salir un rato it won't harm you o it won't do you any harm to go out for a while
    mal de ojo evil eye
    2 illness.
    mal de altura o montaña altitude o mountain sickness
    el mal de las vacas locas mad cow disease
    3 evil.
    4 wrong.
    * * *
    1 evil
    2 (daño) harm
    3 (enfermedad) sickness
    2 (enfermo) ill, sick
    me encuentro mal I feel ill, I don't feel well
    4 (difícilmente) hardly, scarcely
    como sigas así, acabarás mal if you keep on like that, you'll end up in trouble
    \
    a grandes males, grandes remedios desperate situations call for desperate measures
    de mal en peor from bad to worse
    estar a mal con alguien to be on bad terms with somebody
    mal que bien one way or another
    mal que les (te, etc) pese whether they (you, etc) like it or not
    menos mal que... it's a good job that..., thank God that...
    no hay mal que cien años dure nothing goes on forever
    no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining
    mal de altura altitude sickness
    mal de ojo evil eye
    mal de la rosa pellagra
    mal de la tierra homesickness
    mal francés syphilis
    * * *
    1. adv.
    1) badly, poorly
    2. noun m.
    1) evil
    3) harm
    5) illness, disease
    3. adj.
    * * *
    1. ADV
    1) (=imperfectamente) badly

    oigo/veo mal — I can't hear/see well

    si mal no recuerdo — if my memory serves me right, if I remember correctly

    2) (=reprobablemente)

    hacer mal, hace mal en mentir — he is wrong to lie

    3) (=insuficientemente) poorly

    este disco se vendió muy mal — this record sold very poorly, this record had very poor sales

    comer mal, en este restaurante se come mal — the food isn't very good in this restaurant

    la niña come mal — the girl isn't eating properly, the girl is off her food

    4) (=sin salud) ill

    encontrarse o sentirse mal — to feel ill

    5) (=desagradablemente)

    ¡no está mal este vino! — this wine isn't bad!

    caer mal algn, me cae mal su amigo — I don't like his friend

    decir o hablar mal de algn — to speak ill of sb

    llevarse mal, me llevo mal con él — I don't get on with him

    oler mal, esta habitación huele mal — this room smells (bad)

    pensar mal de algn — to think badly of sb

    saber mal, sabe mal — it doesn't taste nice

    6) [otras locuciones]

    estar a mal con algn — to be on bad terms with sb

    ¡ menos mal! — thank goodness!

    menos mal que... — it's just as well (that)..., it's a good job (that)...

    ir de mal en peorto go from bad to worse

    mal que bien — more or less, just about

    mal que bien lo hemos solucionadowe've more or less o just about managed to solve it

    tomarse algo (a) mal — to take sth the wrong way

    2.
    CONJ
    3.
    ADJ ver malo 1.
    4. SM
    1) (=maldad)

    combatir el malfrm to fight against evil

    2) (=perjuicio) harm

    el mal ya está hechothe harm o damage is done now

    ¡mal haya quien...! — frm a curse on whoever...!

    dar mal a algn — to make sb suffer

    darse mal — to torment o.s.

    rebajamos los precios, como mal menor — we cut the prices, as the lesser of two evils

    esa solución no me satisface, pero es un mal menor — I'm not happy with that solution, but it could have been worse

    parar en mal — to come to a bad end

    3) (=problema) ill
    4) (Med) disease, illness

    mal francés — ( Hist) syphilis

    5)
    6) LAm (Med) epileptic fit
    * * *
    I II
    adjetivo invariable
    1)
    a) (enfermo, con mal aspecto)

    estar malto be bad o ill; ( anímicamente) to be in a bad way (colloq)

    me siento mal — I don't feel well, I feel ill

    b) (incómodo, a disgusto)

    ¿tan mal estás aquí que te quieres ir? — are you so unhappy here that you want to leave?

    2) (fam) (en frases negativas) ( refiriéndose al atractivo sexual)

    no está nada mal — he's/she's not at all bad (colloq)

    3) ( desagradable) <oler/saber> bad

    aquí huele malthere's a horrible smell o it smells in here

    estoy or salí muy mal en esta foto — I look awful in this photograph

    la casa no está mal, pero es cara — the house isn't bad, but it's expensive

    5) ( incorrecto) wrong

    está muy mal no decírseloit's very wrong o bad not to tell her

    estamos mal de arrozwe're low on o almost out of rice

    III
    1) ( de manera no satisfactoria) <hecho/vestido> badly; <cantar/escribir> badly

    se expresó mal — he didn't express himself very well, he expressed himself badly

    3) ( desfavorablemente) badly, ill

    hablar mal de alguiento speak badly o ill of somebody

    4)
    a) (de manera errónea, incorrecta) wrong, wrongly

    te han informado malyou've been badly o wrongly informed

    portarse mal — to behave badly, to misbehave

    hacer mal — (AmL) ( a la salud)

    comí algo que me hizo mal — I ate something which didn't agree with me; ver tb mal IV 2)

    mal que bien — (fam) somehow or other

    mal que me/te/nos pese — whether I/you/we like it or not

    menos mal: menos mal! thank goodness!; menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!; menos mal que no se enteró! it's a good thing she didn't find out! (colloq); estar a mal con alguien to be on bad terms with somebody; tomarse algo a mal — to take something to heart

    IV
    1) (Fil) evil

    el bien y el mal — good and evil, right and wrong

    2) (daño, perjuicio)

    lo que dijo me hizo mucho mal — what he said really hurt me; ver tb mal III 6)

    3) (inconveniente, problema)

    mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos:... pero yo no soy la única - mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos —... but I'm not the only one - well, if that makes you feel better about it (iro)

    4) (Med)
    a) (liter) ( enfermedad) illness
    b) ( epilepsia)

    el mal — ( enfermedad) epilepsy

    5) ( pena) trouble
    * * *
    = ill, malaise, ailment, evil, affliction, wrong, out of sorts, woe, woefulness.
    Ex. Americans, convinced that education could be the panacea for all their ills, answered with vigorous action.
    Ex. He interprets 'alienation' as the ' malaise that affects all of us, leaving us in some measure unable to operate in humane, supportive ways'.
    Ex. In the two years that followed Woodforde had various other ailments, including an inflammation of the eyelid.
    Ex. It is increasingly obvious that we are as a nation one and indivisible, that divisive tendencies are a thing of the past, but there are still too many inheritors of the old indifference, and who flinch at co-operation as at an evil.
    Ex. In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.
    Ex. Librarians have traditionally been concerned with giving rather than selling information and information supplied negligently is dealt with by the law of torts: civil wrongs independent of contract.
    Ex. For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.
    Ex. 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.
    Ex. In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.
    ----
    * eje del mal = axis of evil.
    * el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * evitar el mal = shun + evil.
    * fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.
    * hacer el mal = do + evil.
    * mal de amores = heartache, lovesick.
    * mal de Parkinson = Parkinson's disease.
    * males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.
    * origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.
    * para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * tener mal de amores = be lovesick.
    * * *
    I II
    adjetivo invariable
    1)
    a) (enfermo, con mal aspecto)

    estar malto be bad o ill; ( anímicamente) to be in a bad way (colloq)

    me siento mal — I don't feel well, I feel ill

    b) (incómodo, a disgusto)

    ¿tan mal estás aquí que te quieres ir? — are you so unhappy here that you want to leave?

    2) (fam) (en frases negativas) ( refiriéndose al atractivo sexual)

    no está nada mal — he's/she's not at all bad (colloq)

    3) ( desagradable) <oler/saber> bad

    aquí huele malthere's a horrible smell o it smells in here

    estoy or salí muy mal en esta foto — I look awful in this photograph

    la casa no está mal, pero es cara — the house isn't bad, but it's expensive

    5) ( incorrecto) wrong

    está muy mal no decírseloit's very wrong o bad not to tell her

    estamos mal de arrozwe're low on o almost out of rice

    III
    1) ( de manera no satisfactoria) <hecho/vestido> badly; <cantar/escribir> badly

    se expresó mal — he didn't express himself very well, he expressed himself badly

    3) ( desfavorablemente) badly, ill

    hablar mal de alguiento speak badly o ill of somebody

    4)
    a) (de manera errónea, incorrecta) wrong, wrongly

    te han informado malyou've been badly o wrongly informed

    portarse mal — to behave badly, to misbehave

    hacer mal — (AmL) ( a la salud)

    comí algo que me hizo mal — I ate something which didn't agree with me; ver tb mal IV 2)

    mal que bien — (fam) somehow or other

    mal que me/te/nos pese — whether I/you/we like it or not

    menos mal: menos mal! thank goodness!; menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!; menos mal que no se enteró! it's a good thing she didn't find out! (colloq); estar a mal con alguien to be on bad terms with somebody; tomarse algo a mal — to take something to heart

    IV
    1) (Fil) evil

    el bien y el mal — good and evil, right and wrong

    2) (daño, perjuicio)

    lo que dijo me hizo mucho mal — what he said really hurt me; ver tb mal III 6)

    3) (inconveniente, problema)

    mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos:... pero yo no soy la única - mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos —... but I'm not the only one - well, if that makes you feel better about it (iro)

    4) (Med)
    a) (liter) ( enfermedad) illness
    b) ( epilepsia)

    el mal — ( enfermedad) epilepsy

    5) ( pena) trouble
    * * *
    = ill, malaise, ailment, evil, affliction, wrong, out of sorts, woe, woefulness.

    Ex: Americans, convinced that education could be the panacea for all their ills, answered with vigorous action.

    Ex: He interprets 'alienation' as the ' malaise that affects all of us, leaving us in some measure unable to operate in humane, supportive ways'.
    Ex: In the two years that followed Woodforde had various other ailments, including an inflammation of the eyelid.
    Ex: It is increasingly obvious that we are as a nation one and indivisible, that divisive tendencies are a thing of the past, but there are still too many inheritors of the old indifference, and who flinch at co-operation as at an evil.
    Ex: In the Netherlands there are currently some 20,000 sufferers from this affliction.
    Ex: Librarians have traditionally been concerned with giving rather than selling information and information supplied negligently is dealt with by the law of torts: civil wrongs independent of contract.
    Ex: For example, you already know that living in a windowless room will make you cranky and out of sorts.
    Ex: 'The word's out: all departments have to cut their staffs by 10%' -- Her voice was weak and laden with woe.
    Ex: In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.
    * eje del mal = axis of evil.
    * el dinero es el origen de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * el dinero es la fuente de todos los males = money is the root of all evil.
    * evitar el mal = shun + evil.
    * fuente de todos los males, la = root of all evil, the.
    * hacer el mal = do + evil.
    * mal de amores = heartache, lovesick.
    * mal de Parkinson = Parkinson's disease.
    * males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.
    * origen de todos males, el = root of all evil, the.
    * para colmo de males = to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * tener mal de amores = be lovesick.

    * * *
    mal1
    ver malo1 (↑ malo (1))
    mal2
    A
    1 (enfermo, con mal aspecto) estar mal to be bad o ill; (anímicamente) to be o feel low ( colloq), to be o feel down ( colloq)
    me siento mal I don't feel well, I feel ill
    hace días que ando mal del estómago I've been having trouble with my stomach for some days now
    lo encontré muy mal, pálido y desmejorado he didn't seem at all well, he looked pale and sickly
    está muy mal, no se ha repuesto de lo del marido she's in a bad way, she hasn't got over what happened to her husband
    ¡éste está mal de la cabeza! he's not right in the head
    esas cosas me ponen mal things like that really upset me
    2
    (incómodo, a disgusto): ¿tan mal estás aquí que te quieres ir? are you so unhappy here that you want to leave?
    tú allí estás mal you aren't comfortable there
    (refiriéndose al atractivo sexual): no está nada mal he's/she's not at all bad ( colloq)
    C (desagradable) ‹oler/saber› bad
    aquí huele mal there's a horrible smell in here, it smells in here
    no sabe tan mal it doesn't taste that bad
    esta leche huele mal this milk smells bad o off
    D
    (insatisfactorio): los soufflés siempre me quedan mal my soufflés never turn out right
    estoy or quedé or salí muy mal en esta foto I look awful in this photo
    le queda mal ese peinado that hairstyle doesn't suit her
    la casa no está mal, pero es cara the house isn't bad o is quite nice but it's expensive
    sacarnos un millón no estaría nada mal I wouldn't mind winning a million
    E (incorrecto) wrong
    la fecha está mal the date is wrong
    creo que está muy mal no decírselo I think it's very wrong o bad not to tell her
    está mal que le hables en ese tono it's wrong (of you) to speak to him in that tone
    estuviste muy mal en no ayudarlo it was wrong of you not to help him
    F (indicando escasez) estar mal DE algo:
    estamos mal de dinero we're hard up ( colloq), we're short of money
    estamos mal de arroz we have hardly any rice (left), we're low on o almost out of rice
    mal3
    A (de manera no satisfactoria) ‹hecho/organizado/pintado/vestido› badly
    canta muy mal she sings very badly, she's a very bad singer, she's very bad at singing
    se expresó mal he didn't express himself very well, he expressed himself badly
    te oigo muy mal I can hardly hear you, I can't hear you very well
    en el colegio se come muy mal the food's terrible at school
    le fue mal en los exámenes his exams went badly
    de mal en peor from bad to worse
    B
    (desventajosamente): se casó muy mal she made a bad marriage
    vendieron muy mal la casa they got a terrible price for the house
    el negocio marcha mal the business isn't doing very well
    C (desfavorablemente) badly, ill
    no hables mal de ella don't speak badly o ill of her
    piensa mal de todo el mundo he thinks ill of everyone
    D
    1 (de manera errónea, incorrecta) wrong, wrongly
    lo has hecho mal you've done it wrong
    mi nombre está mal escrito my name has been misspelt, my name is spelt/has been spelt wrong(ly)
    te han informado mal you've been badly o wrongly informed
    te entendí mal I misunderstood you, I didn't understand you properly
    obró or procedió mal he acted wrongly o badly
    haces mal en no ir a verla it's wrong of you not to go and see her
    me contestó muy mal she answered me very rudely o in a very rude manner
    si te portas mal no te traigo más if you behave badly o if you misbehave I won't bring you again
    E
    (difícilmente): mal puedes saber si te gusta si no lo has probado you can hardly say o I don't see how you can say whether you like it when you haven't even tried it
    F ( en locs):
    hacer mal ( AmL) (a la salud): los fritos hacen mal al hígado fried food is bad for the liver
    comí algo que me hizo mal I ate something which didn't agree with me o which made me feel bad o ill
    ver tb mal4 m B. (↑ mal (4))
    mal que bien or ( Chi) mal que mal ( fam); somehow or other
    mal que me/te/nos pese whether I/you/we like it or not
    menos mal: aceptaron tu solicitud — ¡menos mal! they've accepted your application — thank goodness!
    ¡menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!
    ¡menos mal que no se enteró! it's a good thing o ( BrE) a good job she didn't find out! ( colloq)
    estar a mal con algn to be on bad terms with sb
    tomarse algo a mal to take sth to heart
    traer vt B. (↑ traer)
    Compuesto:
    mal nacido, mal nacida
    masculine, feminine swine ( colloq), rat ( colloq) ver tb maleducado1 (↑ maleducado (1)), maleducado2 (↑ maleducado (2))
    mal4
    A ( Fil) evil
    el bien y el mal good and evil, right and wrong
    líbranos del mal deliver us from evil
    B
    (daño, perjuicio): no le perdono todo el mal que me hizo I can't forgive her all the wrong she did me
    le estás haciendo un mal consintiéndole todo you're doing her a disservice o you're not doing her any good by giving in to her all the time
    el divorcio de sus padres le hizo mucho mal her parents' divorce did her a lot of harm
    lo que me dijo me hizo mucho mal what he said hurt me deeply o really hurt me
    ver tb mal3 adv F. (↑ mal (3))
    C
    (inconveniente, problema): los males que aquejan a nuestra sociedad the ills afflicting our society
    la contaminación es uno de los males de nuestro tiempo pollution is one of the evils of our time
    a grandes males grandes remedios desperate situations call for desperate measures
    no hay mal que cien años dure nothing goes on for ever
    no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining
    mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos: … pero a mucha gente le pasó lo mismo — mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos … but the same thing happened to a lot of other people — so that makes you feel better, does it? ( iro)
    todos mis amigos suspendieron también, así que mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos all my friends failed too, so that's some consolation, I suppose o so that makes things a bit better, I suppose
    quien canta sus males espanta problems don't seem so bad if you keep cheerful
    Compuesto:
    (entre dos alternativas) lesser of two evils
    eso fue un mal menor porque se podría haber matado in fact he was lucky o he can count himself lucky, he could have been killed
    D ( Med)
    1 ( liter) (enfermedad) illness
    2
    (epilepsia): el mal (enfermedad) epilepsy
    cuando le da el mal when she has a fit
    Compuestos:
    Alzheimer's disease
    ( fam):
    tiene mal de amores he's lovesick
    Chagas' disease
    altitude sickness, mountain sickness
    evil eye
    le echó el mal de ojo or (CS) le hizo mal de ojo she gave him the evil eye
    Parkinson's disease
    ( euf); syphilis
    E (pena) trouble
    no me vengas a contar tus males don't come to me with your troubles
    * * *

     

    mal adjetivo: ver
    malo

    ■ adjetivo invariable
    1 [estar] ( enfermo) ill;
    ( anímicamente) in a bad way (colloq);
    ( incómodo) uncomfortable;

    ¡este está mal de la cabeza! he's not right in the head;
    esas cosas me ponen mal things like that really upset me
    2 (fam) ( en frases negativas) ( refiriéndose al aspecto):
    no está nada mal she's/he's/it's not at all bad (colloq)

    3 ( insatisfactorio): estoy or salí muy mal en esta foto I look awful in this photograph;

    4 [estar] ( incorrecto) wrong
    5 ( indicando escasez) estar or ir mal de algo ‹de dinero/tiempo› to be short of sth
    ■ adverbio
    1 ( de manera no satisfactoria) ‹vestir/cantar/jugar badly;

    te oigo muy mal I can hardly hear you;
    el negocio marcha mal the business isn't doing well;
    de mal en peor from bad to worse
    2 ( desfavorablemente) badly, ill;
    hablar mal de algn to speak badly o ill of sb

    3

    te han informado mal you've been badly o wrongly informed;

    te entendí mal I misunderstood you
    b) ( de manera reprensible) ‹obrar/partarse badly;


    me contestó muy mal she answered me very rudely
    4 ( desagradable) ‹oler/saber bad;
    aquí huele mal there's a horrible smell o it smells in here

    5 ( en locs)
    hacer mal (AmL) ( a la salud): esto hace mal al hígado this is bad for the liver;

    el pescado me hizo mal the fish didn't agree with me;
    menos mal: ¡menos mal! thank goodness!;
    ¡menos mal que le avisaron a tiempo! it's just as well they told him in time!;
    tomarse algo a mal to take sth to heart
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1 (Fil) evil;

    2 (daño, perjuicio):

    3 ( cosa dañina) ill, evil;

    no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining
    4 (Med) (liter) ( enfermedad) illness;

    mal de (las) altura(s) altitude sickness, mountain sickness
    5 ( pena) trouble
    mal
    I adj (delante de sustantivo masculino) bad
    un mal momento, (inoportuno) a bad time: está atravesando un mal momento, he's going through a bad patch ➣ malo,-a
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 evil, wrong
    más allá del bien y del mal, beyond good and evil
    2 (perjuicio) harm: me ha hecho mucho mal, it really hurt me
    mal de ojo, the evil eye
    3 (dolencia) illness, disease: padece un mal incurable, she suffers from an incurable disease
    III adverbio
    1 (de mala manera, incorrectamente) badly, wrong: oye muy mal, she can hardly hear
    todo me sale mal, everything I do turns out badly
    me siento mal del estómago, I've got an upset stomach
    menos mal que estás aquí, it's a good job you are here
    2 (difícilmente) scarcely, hardly: si no me lo cuentas, mal puedo yo ayudarte, if you don't tell me I can scarcely help you
    ♦ Locuciones: llevar uno mal algo, to take sthg badly: lleva muy mal la muerte de su padre, he took the death of his father really badly
    mal que, even if: tendremos que ir mal que nos pese, whether we like it or not, we'll have to go
    mal que bien, somehow or other: mal que bien vamos tirando, we're managing quite well somehow or other
    ponerse a mal con alguien, to fall out with sb
    tomar uno a mal, to take sthg badly: no te lo tomes a mal, don't take it badly
    ' mal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agüero
    - añadidura
    - apestar
    - apestosa
    - apestoso
    - atufar
    - avenida
    - avenido
    - azotea
    - berrear
    - bicho
    - bien
    - caber
    - cabeza
    - caer
    - café
    - calcular
    - caldo
    - camino
    - cantar
    - carácter
    - cardo
    - chabacana
    - chabacano
    - chapuza
    - comportarse
    - comunicada
    - comunicado
    - conservarse
    - contraluz
    - contraria
    - contrario
    - criada
    - criado
    - daño
    - desastre
    - desencajada
    - desencajado
    - deslucir
    - despertar
    - día
    - dinero
    - educada
    - educado
    - efecto
    - empañarse
    - encajar
    - encaminada
    - encaminado
    - encontrar
    English:
    abuse
    - acquit
    - act up
    - agree
    - along
    - amulet
    - astray
    - bad
    - bad-tempered
    - badly
    - barring
    - best
    - bile
    - cheap
    - cloud
    - come off
    - condition
    - deal
    - deliver
    - disagree
    - disapprove
    - disrepair
    - do
    - do with
    - doom
    - downhill
    - embody
    - evil
    - evil eye
    - fit
    - flare up
    - foolish
    - foot
    - frown on
    - gnawing
    - go
    - go down
    - go off
    - god
    - going
    - good
    - greasy
    - grief
    - grim
    - grin
    - grumpy
    - half-baked
    - hash
    - health
    - hinder
    * * *
    adj
    ver malo
    nm
    1. [maldad]
    el mal evil;
    Literario
    las fuerzas del mal the forces of darkness o evil
    2. [daño] harm, damage;
    nadie sufrió ningún mal no one was harmed, no one suffered any harm;
    ¿no le hará mal al bebé tanta agua? all that water can't be good for the baby;
    no te hará ningún mal salir un rato it won't harm you o it won't do you any harm to go out for a while;
    mal de ojo evil eye;
    echarle o CSur [m5] hacerle (el) mal de ojo a alguien to give sb the evil eye;
    Arquit el mal de la piedra = the problem of crumbling masonry caused by pollution etc
    3. [enfermedad] illness;
    Fig
    esto te curará todos los males this will make you feel better;
    tener mal de amores to be lovesick
    mal de (las) altura(s) altitude sickness;
    mal de montaña mountain sickness;
    Ven mal de páramo altitude sickness; Fam el mal de las vacas locas mad cow disease
    4. [problema, inconveniente] bad thing;
    el hambre y la pobreza son males que afectan al Tercer Mundo hunger and poverty are problems o ills which affect the Third World;
    entre las dos opciones, es el mal menor it's the lesser of two evils;
    un mal necesario a necessary evil
    5. Comp
    del mal, el menos it's the lesser of two evils;
    la crisis pasará, no hay mal que cien años dure the recession will end sooner or later, these things never last forever;
    a grandes males, grandes remedios drastic situations demand drastic action;
    mal de muchos, consuelo de todos o [m5]de tontos: he suspendido, pero también mis compañeros – mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos o [m5] de todos I failed, but so did my classmates – it doesn't make it all right, just because they did too;
    lo mismo pasa en otros países – mal de muchos, consuelo de tontos o [m5] de todos the same thing happens in other countries – that doesn't make it any better, though;
    no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining
    adv
    1. [incorrectamente] wrong;
    obrar mal to do wrong;
    portarse mal to behave badly;
    juzgar mal a alguien to misjudge sb;
    está mal hecho [un informe, un trabajo] it hasn't been done properly;
    [un producto, un aparato] it's badly made;
    eso está mal hecho, no debían haberlo aceptado it was wrong of them, they shouldn't have accepted it;
    está mal eso que has hecho what you've done is wrong;
    hacer algo mal to do sth wrong;
    has escrito mal esta palabra you've spelt that word wrong;
    hiciste mal en decírselo it was wrong of you to tell him;
    está mal que yo lo diga, pero esta sopa esta buenísima this soup is delicious, although I say so myself
    2. [inadecuadamente, insuficientemente] badly;
    creo que me he explicado mal I'm not sure I've explained myself clearly;
    oigo/veo mal I can't hear/see very well;
    el niño come bastante mal the boy isn't eating properly o very well;
    calculé mal el tiempo I miscalculated the time;
    canta muy mal she sings terribly, she's a terrible singer;
    esta puerta cierra mal this door doesn't shut properly;
    andar mal de dinero to be short of money;
    andamos mal de azúcar we're running out of sugar;
    la empresa/el equipo va mal the company/team isn't doing very well;
    va mal en la universidad she's not doing very well at university;
    le fue mal en la entrevista his interview didn't go very well;
    el sueldo no está nada mal the pay's pretty good, the pay isn't at all bad;
    ese chico no está nada mal that boy's not bad o pretty nice;
    la reparación quedó mal it wasn't repaired properly;
    me quedó mal el retrato my portrait didn't come out right;
    la conferencia/reunión salió mal the talk/meeting went badly;
    la fiesta salió mal the party was a failure
    3. [desagradablemente, desfavorablemente]
    encontrarse mal [enfermo] to feel ill;
    [incómodo] to feel uncomfortable;
    estar mal [de salud] to be o feel ill;
    [de calidad] to be bad;
    hablar mal de alguien to speak ill of sb;
    oler mal to smell bad;
    ¡qué mal huele! what a smell!;
    Fam Fig
    esto me huele mal this smells fishy to me;
    pasarlo mal to have a bad time;
    pensar mal de alguien to think ill of sb;
    saber mal to taste bad;
    Fig
    me supo mal que no vinieses a despedirme I was a bit put out that you didn't come to see me off;
    me sabe muy mal que hablen a mis espaldas I don't like it that they talk behind my back;
    sentar mal a alguien [ropa] not to suit sb;
    [comida] to disagree with sb; [comentario, actitud] to upset sb
    4. [difícilmente] hardly;
    mal puede saberlo si no se lo cuentas he's hardly going to know if you don't tell him, how's he supposed to know if you don't tell him?
    5. Comp
    estar a mal con alguien to have fallen out with sb;
    ir de mal en peor to go from bad to worse;
    no estaría mal que… it would be nice if…;
    tomar algo a mal to take sth the wrong way
    mal que loc conj
    although, even though;
    mal que te pese, las cosas están así whether you like it or not, that's the way things are;
    mal que bien somehow or other
    * * *
    I adjmalo
    II adv badly;
    mal que bien one way or the other;
    ¡no está mal! it isn’t bad!;
    ¡menos mal! thank goodness!;
    no hay mal que por bien no venga every cloud has a silver lining;
    hacer mal en hacer algo be wrong to do sth;
    ir de mal en peor go from bad to worse;
    estar a mal con alguien be on bad terms with s.o.;
    hablar mal de alguien speak ill of s.o.;
    poner mal a alguien criticize s.o.;
    ponerse a mal con alguien fall out with s.o.;
    tomarse algo a mal take sth badly;
    ponerse mal get sick
    III m MED illness;
    el mal menor the lesser of two evils
    * * *
    mal adv
    1) : badly, poorly
    baila muy mal: he dances very badly
    2) : wrong, incorrectly
    me entendió mal: she misunderstood me
    3) : with difficulty, hardly
    mal puedo oírte: I can hardly hear you
    4)
    de mal en peor : from bad to worse
    5)
    menos mal : it could have been worse
    mal adj malo
    mal nm
    1) : evil, wrong
    2) daño: harm, damage
    3) desgracia: misfortune
    4) enfermedad: illness, sickness
    * * *
    mal1 adj bad [comp. worse; superl. worst]
    mal2 adv
    1. (en general) badly [comp. worse; superl. worst]
    2. (de manera desagradable) bad [comp. worse; superl. worst]
    3. (enfermo) ill [comp. worse; superl. worst]
    me encuentro mal I don't feel well / I feel ill
    mal3 n
    1. (daño) harm / wrong
    2. (maldad) evil
    3. (problema) problem

    Spanish-English dictionary > mal

  • 8 meno

    1. adv less
    il meno possibile as little as possible
    di meno at least
    a meno che unless
    per lo meno at least
    sono le sei meno un quarto it's a quarter to six
    sempre meno less and less
    fare a meno di qualcosa do without something
    venir meno alla parola data not keep one's word
    2. prep except
    * * *
    meno avv.compar.
    1 (in minor quantità o grado) less; not so... (as); not as... (as): dovresti lavorare (di) meno e riposare di più, you should work less and rest more; il viaggio di ritorno mi è sembrato meno lungo, the journey back didn't seem so long (to me); quest'anno ha piovuto (di) meno, it hasn't rained so much this year; non per questo è meno intelligente, he is no less intelligent for that // più o meno, poco più poco meno, more or less // chi più chi meno, more or less (o some more some less): tutti hanno contribuito, chi più chi meno, al buon esito dell'iniziativa, everyone more or less contributed to the success of the venture (o everyone contributed to the success of the venture, some more some less) // né più né meno, just, exactly: gli ho detto né più né meno come la pensavo, I told him just (o exactly) how I felt about it; le cose sono andate né più né meno così, that's exactly what happened
    2 (nel compar. di minoranza) less... (than); not so... (as), not as... (as): l'argento è meno prezioso dell'oro, silver is less precious than gold (o silver isn't as precious as gold); lui non è meno studioso di te, he studies just as much as you do (o he studies no less than you do); oggi è meno freddo di ieri, it isn't as cold today as it was yesterday (form. it is less cold than yesterday); il traffico era meno intenso del solito, the traffic wasn't as heavy as usual (o was less heavy than usual); è andata meno bene del previsto, it didn't go as well as expected
    3 (correl.) (quanto) meno... (tanto) meno: the less... the less: meno si lavora, meno si lavorerebbe, the less you work, the less you feel like working; meno studi, meno impari, the less you study, the less you learn
    4 (nel superl. di minoranza) the least; (fra due) the less: tra tutte le conferenze, questa è stata la meno interessante, of all the lectures, this was the least interesting; la meno preparata delle due squadre, the less fit of the (two) teams; ho intenzione di scegliere la macchina che costa meno, I'm going to choose the car that costs the least (o the cheapest car); cerca di affaticarti il meno possibile, try to tire yourself as little as possible
    5 (con valore di no) not: fammi sapere se verrai o meno, let me know whether or not you're coming; mi domando se valga la pena o meno di accettare, I wonder whether or not it's worth accepting; mi hanno accreditato mille euro, meno le spese bancarie, my account was credited with one thousand euros, minus bank charges
    6 (mat.) minus: sette meno tre è uguale a quattro, seven minus three is four (o three from seven leaves four) // la temperatura è meno due, the temperature is two degrees below zero // ci sono cinque euro in meno, di meno, (mancano cinque euro) there's five euros missing; ho speso dieci euro in meno, I spent ten euros less; uno di meno!, one less!; non eravamo in meno di otto, there were no less than eight of us // se avessi vent'anni di meno!, if only I were twenty years younger! // sono le otto meno cinque, it's five to eight
    prep. (tranne) but, except: c'erano tutti meno loro, everyone was there except (o but) them; il museo è aperto tutti i giorni meno il lunedì, the museum is open every day but (o except) Monday; ho pensato a tutto meno che a fare i biglietti, I saw to everything except the tickets.
    ◆ FRASEOLOGIA: tanto meno, ancora meno, even less: non ho accettato finora, tanto meno accetterei adesso, I haven't accepted so far, and now I've got even less reason to accept // meno che mai, men che meno, let alone: non sa parlare l'italiano, meno che mai l'inglese, he can't even speak Italian, let alone English // quanto meno, (perlomeno) at least: avresti potuto quanto meno farmi una telefonata, you could at least have phoned me // fare a meno di qlcu., di (fare) qlco., to do without s.o., (doing) sthg.: non potrei fare a meno di lui, I couldn't do without him; non potei fare a meno di ridere, I couldn't help laughing // venire meno, (venire a mancare) to fail; (svenire) to faint; mi venne meno il coraggio, my courage failed me; a quella notizia, mi sentii venire meno, I felt as if I was going to faint when I heard the news // venire meno alla parola data, to break one's word // essere da meno (di qlcu.), to be less than s.o. // senza meno, (region.) certainly, for sure: le telefonerò domani senza meno, I'll phone her tomorrow for sure; a meno che, a meno di, unless: lo spettacolo si terrà all'aperto, a meno che non piova, the performance will take place outdoors, unless it rains; non farei mai una cosa simile, a meno di non esservi costretto, I would never do such a thing, unless I was forced to // niente meno nientedimeno // per lo meno perlomeno.
    meno agg.compar.invar. less; not so much, not as much; (con s. pl.) fewer; not so many, not as many: c'è meno traffico sulle strade rispetto a ieri, there's less traffic on the roads than yesterday (o there isn't as much traffic on the roads as yesterday); oggi c'è meno gente in giro, there are fewer people (o there aren't so many people) about today; se prendi l'autostrada impiegherai meno tempo, it will take you less time (o it won't take you so long) if you use the motorway; c'erano meno italiani e più stranieri, there were fewer Italians and more foreigners; ha meno amici che nemici, he has fewer friends than enemies; loro hanno meno preoccupazioni di noi, they have fewer worries than we have (o they haven't so many worries as we have); questa volta hai fatto meno errori, this time you made fewer mistakes (o you didn't make so many mistakes) // meno storie!, stop making a fuss! // meno male, thank goodness; just as well; it's a good job (o a good thing); not so bad: meno male che non si è fatto niente, thank goodness he wasn't hurt; meno male che siete arrivati in tempo, it's a good job you arrived in time; meno male, poteva andar peggio!, not so bad, things could have been worse!
    s.m.
    1 (con valore di compar.) less, not as much: ho fatto meno di quanto avrei voluto, I did less than (o I didn't do as much as) I would have liked; ha mangiato meno del solito, he ate less than usual (o he didn't eat as much as usual); meno di così non si poteva dare, you couldn't give less than that; si accontenterebbe di molto meno, he would be satisfied with much less; oggi ho dovuto aspettare molto meno, today I didn't have nearly so long to wait (o I had much less to wait); ci vorranno non meno di tre ore per arrivare, it will take no less than three hours to get there; finirò il lavoro in meno di un mese, I shall finish the job in less than a month; arriverà tra non meno di due settimane, he won't be here for a fortnight // a meno, per meno, (a minor prezzo) for less (o cheaper): vendere, acquistare per meno, to sell, to purchase for less // in men che non si dica, in less than no time
    2 (con valore di superl.) the least; as little as: questo è il meno che tu possa fare, that's the least you can do; era il meno che gli potesse capitare, it was the least that could happen to him; vorrei spendere il meno possibile, I'd like to spend as little as possible // parlare del più e del meno, to talk of this and that // quando meno ci si pensa..., when you least expect...
    3 (mat.) minus: il segno del meno, the minus sign
    4 pl.: i meno, (la minoranza) the minority; i deputati che votarono a favore della proposta di legge erano i meno, the MP s who voted in favour of the bill were in the minority.
    * * *
    ['meno]
    1. avv
    1) less

    meno caro — less expensive, cheaper

    è meno alto di suo fratello/di quel che pensavo — he is not as tall as his brother/as I thought, he is less tall than his brother/than I thought

    ha due anni meno di me — he's two years younger than me

    dovresti mangiare meno — you should eat less, you shouldn't eat so much

    meno ne discutiamo, meglio è — the less we talk about it, the better

    deve avere non meno di trent'anni — he must be at least thirty

    meno fumo più mangio — the less I smoke the more I eat

    andare all'università diventa sempre meno facile — it's getting less and less easy to go to university

    ho speso (di) meno — I spent less

    arrivo tra meno di un'ora — I'll be there in less than o in under an hour

    3) (sottrazione) Mat minus, less

    5 meno 2 — 5 minus 2, 5 take away 2

    mi hai dato due carte di meno — you gave me two cards too few

    eh, se avessi dieci anni di meno! — oh, if only I were ten years younger!

    ho una sterlina in meno — I am one pound short

    ci sono meno 25° — it's minus 25°, it is 25° below (zero)

    4)

    (fraseologia) non è da meno di lui — she is (every bit) as good as he is

    non voglio essere da meno di lui — I don't want to be outdone by him

    fare a meno di — to do o manage without

    se non c'è zucchero ne faremo a meno — if there isn't any sugar we'll do without

    potresti fare a meno di fumare in macchina? — would you mind not smoking in the car?

    non ho potuto fare a meno di ridere — I couldn't help laughing

    in men che non si dica — in less than no time, quick as a flash

    meno male! — good!, thank goodness!, just as well!

    meno male che sei arrivato — it's a good job that you have come

    men che meno gli inglesi — least of all the English

    fammi sapere se verrai o meno — let me know if you are coming or not

    quanto meno poteva avvertire — he could at least have let us know

    non mi piace come scrive e tanto meno come parla — I don't like the way he writes let alone the way he talks

    2. agg inv
    (acqua, lavoro, soldi) less, (persone, libri, errori) fewer

    meno bambini ci sono, meglio è — the fewer children there are the better

    meno storie! — stop messing around!

    3. sm inv
    1)

    (la minor cosa) il meno — the least

    era il meno che ti potesse capitare — (rimprovero) you were asking for it

    parlare del più e del meno — to talk about this and that

    i meno — (la minoranza) the minority

    2) Mat minus (sign)
    4. prep
    (fuorché, eccetto che) except (for)

    a meno che non faccia caldo — unless it is hot

    a meno di prendere un giorno di ferie — unless I (o you ecc) take a day off

    ci siamo tutti meno lui — we are all here except (for) him

    tutti meno uno — all but one

    * * *
    ['meno] 1.

    guadagno meno di lei — I earn less than she does, I don't earn as much as she does

    meno se ne parla, meglio è — the less said about that, the better

    meno esco, meno ho voglia di uscire — the less I go out, the less I feel like going out

    meno di due oreunder o less than two hours

    (il) meno, (la) meno, (i) meno, (le) meno — the least

    6) (in correlazione con "più")

    né più, né meno — neither more, nor less

    centimetro più, centimetro meno — give or take an inch (or two)

    ho fatto una torta anche io per non essere da meno — I made a cake as well, just to keep up

    10) a meno di short of
    11) a meno che unless
    12) sempre meno less and less
    13) meno male thank goodness
    14) quanto meno, per lo meno at least

    non l'ho mai visto, tanto meno gli ho parlato — I've never seen him, much less spoken to him

    era troppo malata per stare in piedi, tanto meno per camminare — she was too ill to stand let alone walk

    16) più o meno more or less, about, roughly, round about

    "ti è piaciuto il film?" - "più o meno" — "did you enjoy the film?" - "sort of"

    2.
    aggettivo invariabile
    3.
    1) (in una sottrazione) from, minus

    20 meno 5 fa 15 — 5 from 20 leaves 15, 20 minus 5 is 15, 20 take away 5 is 15

    2) (tranne, eccetto) but, besides, except
    4.
    sostantivo maschile invariabile
    1) (la cosa, quantità minore) least
    2) mat. minus (sign)
    ••

    parlare del più e del meno — to talk about this and that, to shoot the breeze AE

    in men che non si dica — before you could say knife, in the bat o wink of an eye, in (less than) no time

    fare a meno dito manage o do without, to dispense with [auto, servizi]

    ••
    Note:
    Meno è usato principalmente come avverbio e come aggettivo, anche con valore pronominale. - Come avverbio, si rende con less quando introduce un comparativo di minoranza e con (the) least quando introduce un superlativo di minoranza: less è seguito da than, the least è seguito da of oppure in (se ci si riferisce a un luogo o un gruppo). Gli esempi nella voce mostrano anche che il comparativo di minoranza è spesso sostituito in inglese dalla variante negativa di un comparativo di uguaglianza: ho meno esperienza di te = I have less experience than you, oppure: I don't have as much experience as you; la mia stanza è meno grande della tua = my bedroom isn't as big as yours. - Come aggettivo, in inglese standard meno si traduce con less davanti e al posto di sostantivi non numerabili ( meno denaro = less money; ne ho meno di ieri = I have less than yesterday), mentre davanti e al posto di sostantivi plurali si usa fewer con valore comparativo ( meno studenti = fewer students; non meno di = no fewer than) e (the) fewest con valore superlativo ( ho fatto meno errori di tutti = I made the fewest mistakes; ne ha dati meno di tutti = he gave the fewest); tuttavia, nel linguaggio parlato less tende a sostituire fewer anche con riferimento plurale: meno persone = less people. - Per altri esempi e per l'uso di meno come preposizione e sostantivo, si veda la voce qui sotto
    * * *
    meno
    /'meno/
    Meno è usato principalmente come avverbio e come aggettivo, anche con valore pronominale. - Come avverbio, si rende con less quando introduce un comparativo di minoranza e con (the) least quando introduce un superlativo di minoranza: less è seguito da than, the least è seguito da of oppure in (se ci si riferisce a un luogo o un gruppo). Gli esempi nella voce mostrano anche che il comparativo di minoranza è spesso sostituito in inglese dalla variante negativa di un comparativo di uguaglianza: ho meno esperienza di te = I have less experience than you, oppure: I don't have as much experience as you; la mia stanza è meno grande della tua = my bedroom isn't as big as yours. - Come aggettivo, in inglese standard meno si traduce con less davanti e al posto di sostantivi non numerabili ( meno denaro = less money; ne ho meno di ieri = I have less than yesterday), mentre davanti e al posto di sostantivi plurali si usa fewer con valore comparativo ( meno studenti = fewer students; non meno di = no fewer than) e (the) fewest con valore superlativo ( ho fatto meno errori di tutti = I made the fewest mistakes; ne ha dati meno di tutti = he gave the fewest); tuttavia, nel linguaggio parlato less tende a sostituire fewer anche con riferimento plurale: meno persone = less people. - Per altri esempi e per l'uso di meno come preposizione e sostantivo, si veda la voce qui sotto.
     1 (in un comparativo di minoranza) less; un po' meno a little less; è meno alto di Tim he is not as tall as Tim; è meno complicato di quanto pensi it's less complicated than you think
     2 (con un avverbio) less; meno spesso less often; meno del solito less than usual; canta meno bene di prima she doesn't sing as well as she used to
     3 (con un verbo) less; l'argento costa meno dell'oro silver costs less than gold; costa meno prendere il treno it works out cheaper to take the train; dovresti lavorare (di) meno you should work less; guadagno meno di lei I earn less than she does, I don't earn as much as she does; meno se ne parla, meglio è the less said about that, the better; meno esco, meno ho voglia di uscire the less I go out, the less I feel like going out; è lui quello che lavora meno di tutti he's the one who works the least of all
     4 (con un numerale) less; meno di 50 less than 50; meno di due ore under o less than two hours; un po' meno di 15 cm just under 15 cm; i bambini con meno di sei anni children under six; non troverai niente a meno di 200 euro you won't find anything for less than o for under 200 euros
     5 (in un superlativo relativo) (il) meno, (la) meno, (i) meno, (le) meno the least; le famiglie meno ricche the least wealthy families; era la meno soddisfatta di tutti she was the least satisfied of all; è quello pagato meno bene fra i due he's the least well-paid of the two; quello mi piace meno di tutti I like that one (the) least; sono quelli che ne hanno meno bisogno they are the ones who need it (the) least; proprio quando meno me l'aspettavo just when I least expected it
     6 (in correlazione con "più") né più, né meno neither more, nor less; centimetro più, centimetro meno give or take an inch (or two); né più né meno che nothing less than
     7 (con valore di negazione) not; che lo voglia o meno whether he's willing or not; non ha deciso se firmare o meno he hasn't decided whether to sign (or not)
     8 da meno è un gran bugiardo e suo fratello non è da meno he's a liar and his brother isn't any better; ho fatto una torta anche io per non essere da meno I made a cake as well, just to keep up
     9 di meno, in meno se avessi 20 anni di meno! I wish I were 20 years younger! ho preso 30 euro in meno di stipendio my wages are 30 euros short
     10 a meno di short of
     11 a meno che unless
     12 sempre meno less and less
     13 meno male thank goodness; meno male che it's a good thing that; meno male che è impermeabile! it's just as well it's waterproof! meno male che ci sono andato! it was lucky for me that I went!
     14 quanto meno, per lo meno at least
     15 tanto meno non l'ho mai visto, tanto meno gli ho parlato I've never seen him, much less spoken to him; era troppo malata per stare in piedi, tanto meno per camminare she was too ill to stand let alone walk
     16 più o meno more or less, about, roughly, round about; più o meno alto come te about your height; è successo più o meno qui it happened round about here; "ti è piaciuto il film?" - "più o meno" "did you enjoy the film?" - "sort of"; più o meno nello stesso modo in much the same way; la canzone fa più o meno così the song goes something like this
     1 (in un comparativo di minoranza) less, fewer; ho meno libri di te I have fewer books than you; ho meno caldo adesso I feel cooler now; ci è voluto meno tempo di quanto pensassimo it took less time than we expected
     2 (con valore pronominale) less, fewer; non meno di no fewer than; ne ho meno di te I have less than you; ha venduto meno di tutti he sold the fewest
     1 (in una sottrazione) from, minus; quanto fa 20 meno 8? what is 20 minus 8? 20 meno 5 fa 15 5 from 20 leaves 15, 20 minus 5 is 15, 20 take away 5 is 15
     2 (tranne, eccetto) but, besides, except
    IV m.inv.
     1 (la cosa, quantità minore) least; questo è il meno that's the least of it; fare il meno possibile to do as little as possible
     2 mat. minus (sign)
    parlare del più e del meno to talk about this and that, to shoot the breeze AE; in men che non si dica before you could say knife, in the bat o wink of an eye, in (less than) no time; fare a meno di to manage o do without, to dispense with [auto, servizi]; non posso farne a meno I can't help it.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > meno

  • 9 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 10

    m.
    * * *
    si
    2 (disyuntiva, duda) if, whether
    ¡si yo no quería! but I didn't want to!
    ¡pero si es facilísimo! ¡but it's really easy!
    \
    como si as if
    como si nada / como si tal cosa as if it were nothing at all
    por si acaso just in case
    si bien although, even though
    ————————
    si
    1 MÚSICA ti, si, B
    * * *
    conj.
    1) if
    - si no
    * * *
    I
    CONJ
    1) [uso condicional] if

    si lo quieres, te lo doy — if you want it I'll give it to you

    si lo sé, no te lo digo — I wouldn't have told you, if I'd known

    si tuviera dinero, lo compraría — if I had any money I would buy it

    si me lo hubiese pedido, se lo habría o hubiera dado — if he had asked me for it I would have given it to him

    si no[condición negativa] if not; [indicando alternativa] otherwise, or (else)

    si no estudias, no aprobarás — you won't pass if you don't study, you won't pass unless you study

    ponte crema porque si no, te quemarás — put some cream on, otherwise o or (else) you'll get sunburned

    vete, si no, vas a llegar tarde — go, or (else) you'll be late

    llevo el paraguas por si (acaso) llueve — I've got my umbrella (just) in case it rains

    ¿y si llueve? — what if it rains?

    ¿y si se lo preguntamos? — why don't we ask her?

    2) [en interrogativas indirectas] whether

    ¿sabes si nos han pagado ya? — do you know if we've been paid yet?

    3) [uso concesivo]

    no sé de qué te quejas, si eres una belleza — I don't know what you're complaining about when you're so beautiful

    si bienalthough

    si bien creó un amplio consenso político... — although it is true o while it may be true that he created a broad political consensus...

    4) [uso desiderativo]

    ¡si fuera verdad! — if only it were true!, I wish it were true!

    ¡si viniese pronto! — I wish he'd come!, if only he'd come!

    5) [indicando protesta] but

    ¡si no sabía que estabas allí! — but I didn't know you were there!

    ¡si (es que) acabo de llamarte! — but I've only just phoned you!

    ¡si tienes la tira de discos! — but you have loads of records! *

    6) [uso enfático]

    ¡si serán hipócritas! — they're such hypocrites!, they're so hypocritical!

    -es un pesado -¡si lo sabré yo! — "he's a pain" - "don't I know it!" o "you're telling me!"

    si lo sabré yo, que soy su mujer — I ought to know, I'm his wife

    que si engorda, que si perjudica a la salud... — they say it's fattening and bad for your health

    que si lavar los platos, que si limpiar el suelo, que si... — what with washing up and sweeping the floor and...

    7) [indicando sorpresa]

    ¡pero si es el cartero! — why, it's the postman!

    ¡pero si eres tú! no te había reconocido — oh, it's you, I didn't recognize you!

    SI La conjunción si se puede traducir al inglés por if o whether; si no se traduce por if not o unless. SiPor regla general, si se traduce al inglés por if en las oraciones condicionales y por whether o if en las dubitativas: Si me has mentido te arrepentirás If you have lied to me you'll regret it Si tuviera mucho dinero me compraría un caballo If I had lots of money, I'd buy myself a horse No sé si me dejará quedarme I don't know whether o if he'll let me stay ► Si se puede traducir solo por whether, y nunca por if, cuando se presentan dos opciones a elegir, cuando va detrás de una preposición, delante de un infinitivo o de una oración interrogativa indirecta: No sé si ir a Canadá o a Estados Unidos I can't decide whether to go to Canada or the United States Quiero que hablemos de si deberíamos mandar a los niños a un colegio interno I want to talk to you about whether we should send the children to boarding school Todavía no tenemos muy claro si vamos a mudarnos o no We still haven't made up our minds about whether to move or not ► Las oraciones del tipo si hubieras hecho algo... se pueden traducir, en un registro más culto, omitiendo la partícula if e invirtiendo el orden del sujeto y el verbo auxiliar: Si hubieras estado aquí esto no habría ocurrido Had you been here this would not have happened Si no Si no generalmente se traduce al inglés por if not aunque, cuando en español se puede reemplazar por a no ser que, se puede utilizar también unless y cuando equivale a de lo contrario se emplea preferentemente otherwise o or else: Iría al cine más a menudo si no fuera tan caro I would go to the cinema more often if it weren't so expensive No te puedes quedar aquí si no pagas el alquiler You can't stay here unless you pay your rent o You can't stay here if you don't pay your rent Tenemos que estar allí antes de las diez; si no, vamos a tener problemas We must be there by ten, otherwise o or else we'll be in trouble ► Las oraciones del tipo si no hubieras hecho algo... se pueden traducir, en un registro más culto, omitiendo la partícula if e invirtiendo el orden del sujeto y el verbo auxiliar: Si no hubiese robado el dinero, ahora no estaría en la cárcel Had he not stolen the money, he wouldn't be in prison now Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada II
    SM (Mús) B
    * * *
    I

    ¿has terminado? - sí — have you finished? - yes o yes, I have

    ¿te sirvo un poco más? - sí, gracias — do you want a bit more? - yes, please

    ¿por qué lo hiciste? - porque sí — why did you do it? - because I felt like it

    ¿por qué lleva tanto tiempo? - porque sí — why does it take so long? - it just does

    lo que sí quiero es que lo pienses bienwhat I do want you to do is to think it over carefully

    no puedo - sí que puedes! — I can't - yes, you can! o of course, you can!

    no es tuyo - sí que lo es — it isn't yours - oh yes, it is!

    ah, no! eso sí que no! — oh no! I'm not having that! (colloq), oh no! no way! (colloq)

    es de muy buena calidad - eso sí — it's very good quality - (yes,) that's true

    ..., pero eso sí, comen bien —... but they certainly eat well

    ¿lloverá? - puede que sí — do you think it will rain? - it might

    se fue sin permiso - ¿ah sí? — he left without asking permission - is that so? o did he now?

    ¿te gusta? a mí sí — do you like it? I do

    que no vas! - que sí! — you're not going! - oh, yes I am!

    ¿a que no te atrees? - a que sív — I bet you wouldn't dare - (do you) want to bet?

    II III
    pronombre personal
    1) (3a pers sing)
    a) (refl)

    lo hizo por sí mismo or por sí solo — he did it by himself o on his own

    cerró la puerta tras de sí — (liter) she closed the door behind her

    2) (3a pers pl)
    a) (refl)

    lo pensó para sí, pero no dijo nada — she thought it but didn't say anything

    b)

    entre sí — ( entre dos) between themselves; ( en un grupo) among themselves

    3) (refl)
    a) ( usted) yourself
    b) ( ustedes)

    de por sí: es de por sí nervioso he is nervous by nature; el sistema es de por sí complicado the system is in itself complicated; en sí: el hecho en sí (mismo) no tenía demasiada importancia this in itself was not so important; el sueldo en sí no es maravilloso, pero... — the salary itself isn't great but...

    * * *
    I
    1)

    si lo sé, no vengo — (fam) if I'd known, I wouldn't have come

    si pudiera, se lo compraba — (fam) if I could, I'd buy it for him

    si lo hubiera or hubiese sabido... — if I'd known..., had I known...

    empezó a decir que si esto, que si lo otro — he said this, that and the other

    si bien: si bien el sueldo es bueno, el horario es malísimo the pay may be good but the hours are terrible; si no otherwise; pórtate bien, si no, te vas a la cama behave yourself, or else you're going straight to bed; date prisa, que si no nos vamos sin ti — hurry up, otherwise we're going without you

    2)
    b) ( cada vez que) if

    si hacía sol salíamos a pasearif o when it was sunny we used to go out for a walk

    3)

    si + subj: si yo lo supiera! if only I knew!; si me hubieras avisado a tiempo! — if only you had let me know in time!

    b) (en frases que expresan protesta, indignación, sorpresa)

    pero si te avisé...! — but I warned you...!

    c) (fam) ( uso enfático)

    si lo sabré yo! — don't I know it!, you're telling me!

    d) (planteando eventualidades, sugerencias)

    y si no quiere hacerlo ¿qué? — and if she doesn't want to do it, what then?

    ¿y si lo probáramos? — why don't we give it a try?

    me pregunto si lo encontraránI wonder if o whether they'll find it

    II
    masculino ( nota) B; ( en solfeo) ti, te (BrE)

    si bemol/sostenido — B flat/sharp

    en si mayor/menor — in B major/minor

    * * *
    si1
    = if, if only, to the extent that, whether, should, to the degree that.

    Ex: If our data are going to be used in other countries, we have to remember that English users would prefer standard English.

    Ex: A large proportion of the earth's population has not yet recognized the enormous advantages that would accrue if only everybody spoke English.
    Ex: A future with online catalogues will still require analytical entries, to the extent that records need to contain notes of contents of works.
    Ex: The question I will address is whether our acting on what I believe to be an invalid assumption provides valid cataloging.
    Ex: Should they have misjudged the availability of such a source, they can anticipate alternate approaches.
    Ex: To the degree that this argument is true, it paints a rather pessimistic picture of the quality of much published research.
    * ¿y si... ? = what if... ?.
    * como si = as though.
    * como si nada = unfazed.
    * como si (se tratase de) = as if.
    * como si tal cosa = unfazed, just like that.
    * comprobar si el contenido de un vídeo es adecuado o no = vet + video.
    * con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....
    * cuando..., si es que... = if and when.
    * ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?.
    * no importa si... o = no matter whether... or.
    * o si no = or else.
    * porque sí = for the love of it.
    * por si = in the chance that.
    * por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec.
    * por si casualidad = in the chance that.
    * por si fuera poco = to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.
    * por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * ¿qué pasa si... ? = what if... ?.
    * ¿qué sucede si... ? = what if... ?.
    * ¿quién si no...? = who else but...?.
    * si acaso = if ever, if at all, if and when.
    * si alguna vez lo fue = if it ever was.
    * si así lo desean = should they so wish, should they so wish.
    * si así lo prefieres = if you will.
    * si bien = admittedly.
    * si bien es cierto que = albeit (that).
    * si bien se mira = all things considered.
    * si contiene alguno = if any.
    * si corresponde = if applicable.
    * si Dios quiere = God willing.
    * si el tiempo lo permite = weather permitting.
    * si es así = if so, if this is the case.
    * si es necesario = if need be.
    * si eso no es posible = failing that/these.
    * si es posible = if at all possible, if at all feasible, if possible.
    * si es que sucede alguna vez = if ever.
    * si éste es el caso = if this is the case.
    * si éste no es el caso = if this is not the case.
    * si existe alguno = if any.
    * si fuera pertinente = if applicable.
    * si fuese pertinente = if applicable.
    * si hace buen tiempo = weather permitting.
    * si hay tiempo = time permitting.
    * si + Infinitivo + o no = whether or not to + Infinitivo.
    * si las miradas mataran... = if looks could kill....
    * si los comparamos = in comparison.
    * si mal no + Pronombre + acordarse = to the best of + Posesivo + recollection.
    * si mi olfato no me engaña = if my hunch is right, if I am not mistaken.
    * si no = if not.
    * si no aguantas el calor, sal de la cocina = if you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.
    * si no es así = if this is not the case.
    * si no estoy equivocado = if my hunch is right, if I am not mistaken.
    * si no fuera así = if it were not.
    * si no hay ningún contratiempo = all being well.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = ceteris paribus.
    * si no intervienen otros factores = all (other) things being equal.
    * si no lo impide el tiempo = weather permitting.
    * si no me equivoco = AFAIK (as far as I know).
    * si no ocurre ningún imprevisto = all (other) things being equal.
    * si no + Pronombre + fallar la memoria = to the best of + Posesivo + recollection.
    * si nos detenemos a reflexionar sobre ello = on reflection.
    * si no te gusta, te aguantas = like it or lump it, if you don't like it you can lump it, if you don't like it you can lump it.
    * si procede = if applicable, if appropriate.
    * si queda tiempo = time permitting.
    * si + se + Indicativo = if + Participio Pasado.
    * si se llega a un acuerdo = subject to + agreement.
    * si se necesita = if need be.
    * si se parece a un pato, anda como un pato y grazna como un pato, entonces es = If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck.
    * si se quiere que + Nombre + sea = if + Nombre + be + to be.
    * si + SER + Adjetivo = if + Adjetivo.
    * si + ser + posible = whenever possible, when possible.
    * si sigue así = at this rate.
    * si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.
    * si todo va bien = all being well.
    * si todo va de acuerdo a lo planeado = all (other) things being equal.
    * si vamos a eso = for that matter.

    * * *
    SI
    (= sistema de información) IS
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    si    

    si conjunción
    1
    a) ( en general) if;


    sí lo hubiera or hubiese sabido … if I'd known …, had I known …;
    empezó a decir que sí esto, que sí lo otro he said this, that and the other

    ¡sí yo lo supiera! if only I knew!

    c) (en frases que expresan protesta, indignación, sorpresa):

    ¡pero sí te avisé …! but I warned you …!

    d) (planteando eventualidades, sugerencias):

    y sí no quiere hacerlo ¿qué? and if she doesn't want to do it, what then?;

    ¿y sí lo probáramos? why don't we give it a try?
    e) ( en locs)


    2 ( en interrogativas indirectas) whether;

    ■ sustantivo masculino ( nota) B;
    ( en solfeo) ti, te (BrE);
    sí bemol/sostenido B flat/sharp

    adverbio
    1 ( respuesta afirmativa) yes;
    ¿has terminado? — sí have you finished?yes (I have);

    decir que sí con la cabeza to nod
    2 ( uso enfático):

    tú sí que sabes vivir you certainly know how to live!;
    eso sí que es caro that is expensive;
    no puedo — ¡sí que puedes! I can't — yes, you can! o of course, you can!;
    que sí cabe it does fit;
    es de muy buena calidadeso sí it's very good quality — (yes,) that's true
    3 ( sustituyendo a una cláusula):

    me temo que sí I'm afraid so;
    ¿lloverá? — puede que sí do you think it will rain?it might;
    un día sí y otro no every other day;
    no puedo ir pero ella sí I can't go but she can
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    yes
    ■ pron pers
    1
    a) ( refl) (él) himself;

    ( ella) herself;
    (ellos, ellas) themselves;

    parece muy segura de sí (misma) she seems very sure of herself;
    fueron para convencerse a sí mismos/mismas they went to convince themselves
    b) ( refl) ( usted) yourself;

    ( ustedes) yourselves;

    léanlo para sí (mismos) read it (to) yourselves
    c) ( impers):


    2 ( en locs)


    ( entre varios) among themselves;
    lo discutieron entre sí they discussed it between/among themselves;

    no se respetan entre sí they don't respect each other;
    de por sí: es de por sí nervioso he is nervous by nature;
    el sistema es de por sí complicado the system is in itself complicated;
    en sí (mismo): el hecho en sí (mismo) no tenía demasiada importancia this in itself was not so important
    si conj
    1 (expresando una condición) if: si vienes te lo cuento, if you come I will tell you
    si pudiera, se lo daría, if I could, I would give it to him
    2 fam (uso enfático) ¡si ya te lo decía yo!, but I told you!
    (expresando deseo) if only: ¡si tuviera más tiempo!, if only I had more time!
    3 (en interrogativas indirectas) if, whether: me pregunto si llegará pronto, I wonder if o whether she'll come soon
    (disyuntiva) whether: quisiera saber si te gusta o no, I'd like to know whether you like it or not
    4 si no, otherwise, if not, or else: ponte el abrigo, si no, cogerás un catarro, put your coat on, otherwise you'll catch a cold
    ♦ Locuciones: como si, as if: camina como si estuviese herido, he walks as if he were hurt
    por si acaso, just in case
    si m Mús (nota) B
    (en solfeo) te, ti
    pron pers reflexivo
    1 (3ª persona de singular) (masculino) himself: logró hacerlo por sí solo, he was able to do it by himself o on his own
    (femenino) herself: lo dijo para sí, she said it to herself
    (3ª persona de plural) themselves: tenían un gran parecido entre sí, they all looked very similar
    2 (referido a uno mismo) uno debe hacerlo por sí mismo, one has to do it oneself
    3 (usted) compruébelo por sí mismo, see for yourself
    (ustedes) yourselves
    ♦ Locuciones: dar de sí: no da más de sí, he can't do any more
    de por sí: es de por sí amable, she's kind by nature
    esta teoría es de por sí difícil, this theory is in itself difficult

    I adverbio yes: ¿te gusta?, - sí, do you like it?, yes o - yes, I do
    ¿estás seguro?, - sí, are you sure?, - yes o -yes, I am
    ellos no irán, pero yo sí, they will not go, but I will
    creo que sí, I think so
    dijo que sí, he said yes o he accepted
    me temo que sí, I'm afraid so
    ¡sí que la has hecho buena!, you've really done it!
    es un actor famoso, - ¿sí?, he's a famous actor, - really?
    un día sí y otro no, every other day
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 yes: con el sí de tu familia, with your family's approval
    2 Pol los síes, the ayes
    ♦ Locuciones: dar el sí, to accept sb's proposal
    (el novio, la novia) me dio el sí, she consented to marry me
    '' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acaso
    - acercar
    - aclararse
    - algo
    - año
    - anquilosarse
    - apenas
    - aspen
    - aunque
    - ayudarse
    - berrinche
    - bien
    - bilis
    - bombera
    - bombero
    - caber
    - cabeza
    - calor
    - camelar
    - camiseta
    - casa
    - casualidad
    - chimenea
    - clara
    - claro
    - clásica
    - clásico
    - colar
    - como
    - compasiva
    - compasivo
    - conceder
    - concesión
    - concienciarse
    - confianza
    - conformista
    - constructor
    - constructora
    - contención
    - contraponer
    - creer
    - crecida
    - crecido
    - cuando
    - cuestión
    - dar
    - decir
    - dejar
    - delgada
    - delgado
    English:
    ability
    - accountable
    - add to
    - add up
    - affirmative
    - afraid
    - agree
    - agreeable
    - all
    - all right
    - aloud
    - amok
    - antsy
    - any
    - anybody
    - anything
    - appreciate
    - arguable
    - arise
    - as
    - assurance
    - autograph
    - avoid
    - B
    - bankrupt
    - barrel
    - be
    - beat
    - begin
    - believe
    - beside
    - blind
    - boat
    - bolster
    - bonus
    - boost
    - boot
    - bop
    - bother
    - but
    - card
    - care
    - carry through
    - case
    - certainly
    - chain letter
    - chance
    - check
    - come round
    - come to
    * * *
    SI nm (abrev de Sistema Internacional)
    SI
    * * *
    si
    I conj if;
    si no if not;
    me pregunto si vendrá I wonder whether he’ll come;
    como si as if;
    por si in case;
    ¡si no lo sabía! but I didn’t know!
    II m MÚS B;
    si bemol B flat
    * * *
    si conj
    1) : if
    lo haré si me pagan: I'll do it if they pay me
    si lo supiera te lo diría: if I knew it I would tell you
    2) : whether, if
    no importa si funciona o no: it doesn't matter whether it works (or not)
    3) (expressing desire, protest, or surprise)
    si supiera la verdad: if only I knew the truth
    ¡si no quiero!: but I don't want to!
    4)
    si bien : although
    si bien se ha progresado: although progress has been made
    5)
    si no : otherwise, or else
    si no, no voy: otherwise I won't go
    adv
    1) : yes
    sí, gracias: yes, please
    creo que sí: I think so
    2)
    sí que : indeed, absolutely
    esta vez sí que ganaré: this time I'm sure to win
    3)
    porque sí fam : because, just because
    lo hizo porque sí: she did it just because
    nm
    : yes
    dar el sí: to say yes, to express consent
    pron
    1)
    en sí : by itself, in itself, per se
    2)
    fuera de sí : beside oneself
    3)
    para sí (mismo) : to himself, to herself, for himself, for herself
    4)
    entre si : among themselves
    * * *
    si conj
    si deja de llover, saldremos if it stops raining, we'll go out
    si me tocara la lotería, me compraría una moto if I won the lottery, I would buy a motorbike
    si lo hubiera sabido, no habría venido if I had known, I wouldn't have come
    2. (petición, deseo) if only
    ¡si me dejaran ir! if only they would let me go!
    3. (duda) if / whether
    4. (énfasis) but / really

    Spanish-English dictionary >

  • 11 μή

    μή (Hom.+) negative particle, ‘not’: ‘μή is the negative of will, wish, doubt. If οὐ denies the fact, μή denies the idea’ (Rob. 1167). For the Koine of the NT the usage is simplified to such a degree that οὐ is generally the neg. used w. the indicative, and μή is used w. the other moods (B-D-F §426; Rob. 1167).
    marker of negation, not
    in negative clauses
    α. in conditional clauses after ἐάν Mt 5:20; 6:15; 10:13; 12:29; 18:3, 16, 35; 26:42; Mk 3:27; 7:3f; 10:30; 12:19; Lk 13:3, 5; J 3:2f, 5, 27 al. After ὸ̔ς ἄν (=ἐάν) Mt 10:14; 11:6; 19:9; Mk 6:11; 10:15; 11:23; Lk 8:18; 18:17. After ὅσοι ἄν Lk 9:5; Rv 13:15. After ὅστις ἄν Ac 3:23. After εἰ in a simple condition (B-D-F §428, 1) Lk 6:4; 1 Ti 6:3. After εἰ in a contrary to fact condition (B-D-F §428, 2; Rob. 1169) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; J 9:33; 15:22, 24; 18:30; 19:11; Ac 26:32; Ro 7:7. εἰ μή if not, except (that), εἰ δὲ μήγε otherwise with verb and elliptically (B-D-F §428, 3; 439, 1; Rob. 1024f; cp. POxy 1185, 30) Mt 5:13; 6:1; 9:17; 11:27; 12:4, 24 and very oft. (GHarder, 1 Cor 7:17: TLZ 79, ’54, 367–72).
    β. in purpose clauses ἵνα μή in order that…not Mt 5:29f; 7:1; 17:27; Mk 3:9; 4:12; Lk 8:10, 12; 16:28; J 3:20; 7:23; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8); 4:17; 24:4; Ro 11:25; 15:20 al. ὅπως μή in order that…not Mt 6:18; Lk 16:26; Ac 20:16; 1 Cor 1:29. μὴ ἵνα IRo 3:2. On the inf. w. neg. as periphrasis for purpose clauses s. below.
    γ. in result clauses ὥστε μή w. inf. foll. (cp. PHib 66, 5) so that not Mt 8:28; Mk 3:20; 1 Cor 1:7; 2 Cor 3:7; 1 Th 1:8; w. impv. foll. 1 Cor 4:5.
    δ. in interrog. clauses w. an element of doubt: δῶμεν ἢ μὴ δῶμεν; should we pay (them) or should we not? Mk 12:14.
    ε. in a few relative clauses (B-D-F §428, 4; Mlt. 171; 239f) διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ Tit 1:11 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Deor. 13, 1; PGM 4, 2653 ὸ̔ μὴ θέμις γενέσθαι; CPR I, 19, 17; 2 Macc 12:14; Sir 13:24). The literary language is the source of ᾧ μὴ πάρεστιν ταῦτα τυφλός ἐστιν 2 Pt 1:9, where the relat. clause has a hypothetical sense. ὅσα μὴ θέλετε Ac 15:29 D. Cp. Col 2:18 v.l. On ὸ̔ μὴ ὁμολογεῖ (v.l. ὸ̔ λύει) 1J 4:3 s. ARahlfs, TLZ 40, 1915, 525.
    ζ. in a causal clause contrary to the rule, which calls for οὐ: ὅτι μὴ πεπίστευκεν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα J 3:18 (cp. Epict. 4, 4, 8; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 217 διήμαρτον, ὅτι μὴ ταῖς ἱεραῖς ἡμῶν βίβλοις ἐνέτυχον; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 8, 4; 11, 8; 32; Ath. 14, 2 ὅτι μὴ κοινῶς ἐκείνοις θεοσεβοῦμεν; Dio Chrys. 31, 94; 110.—B-D-F §428, 5; Mlt. 171; 239; Mlt-Turner 284; Rahlfs, loc. cit.).
    w. various moods
    α. w. inf. (B-D-F §399, 3; 400, 4; 5; Mlt-Turner 285f)
    א. after verbs expressing a negative concept, usu. omitted in translation ἀντιλέγοντες ἀνάστασιν μὴ εἶναι Lk 20:27 (v.l. λέγοντες). ἀπαρνεῖσθαι 22:34. παραιτεῖσθαι Hb 12:19. ἐγκόπτειν τινά Gal 5:7. προσέχειν Mt 6:1. οὐ δύναμαι μὴ I can do nothing else than Ac 4:20.
    ב. gener., after verbs of saying, reporting, ordering, judging, etc.—in declarative clauses: after ἀποκρίνεσθαι Lk 20:7. λέγειν Mt 22:23; Mk 12:18; Lk 20:27 v.l.; Ac 23:8; AcPlCor 2:19. ὀμνύναι Hb 3:18. θέλειν Ro 13:3. χρηματίζεσθαι Lk 2:26.—In clauses denoting a summons or challenge: after λέγειν Mt 5:34, 39; Ac 21:4; Ro 2:22; 12:3. γράφειν 1 Cor 5:9, 11. κηρύσσειν Ro 2:21. παραγγέλλειν Ac 1:4; 4:18; 5:28, 40; 1 Cor 7:10f (w. acc.); 1 Ti 1:3; 6:17. αἰτεῖσθαι Eph 3:13. εὔχεσθαι 2 Cor 13:7 (w. acc.). χρηματίζεσθαι Mt 2:12. ἀξιοῦν Ac 15:38. βοᾶν 25:24.
    ג. after predicates that contain a judgment upon the thing expressed by the inf. (with or without the art.; cp. Just., D. 68, 8 ταῦτα τολμῶσι λέγειν μὴ οὕτως γεγράφθαι): καλόν (sc. ἐστιν) 1 Cor 7:1 (ApcEsdr 1, 6, 21); Gal 4:18; cp. Ro 14:21. ἄλογον Ac 25:27 (w. acc.). κρεῖττον ἦν 2 Pt 2:21. αἱρετώτερον ἦν αὐτοῖς τὸ μὴ γεννηθῆναι Hv 4, 2, 6. Cp. δεῖ Ac 27:21 (cp. use w. ἐχρῆν TestJob 37:6).
    ד. w. gen. of the subst. inf.: τοῦ μή that not (Lat. ne): after verbs of hindering κατέχειν Lk 4:42. παύειν 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:14). καταπαύειν Ac 14:18. κωλύειν 10:47. κρατεῖσθαι Lk 24:16; cp. ἀνένδεκτόν ἐστιν τοῦ…μὴ ἐλθεῖν 17:1.—Also after other expressions: ὀφθαλμοὶ τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν eyes that should not see, ears that should not hear Ro 11:8, 10 (Ps 68:24). In place of a result clause: τοῦ μὴ εἶναι αὐτὴν μοιχαλίδα so that she commits no adultery, if... 7:3.
    ה. w. subst. inf. after prepositions: εἰς τὸ μή so that…not; to the end that…not Ac 7:19; 1 Cor 10:6; 2 Cor 4:4. W. acc. and inf. foll. 2 Th 2:2; 1 Pt 3:7.—διὰ τὸ μή because…not (PPetr II, 11, 1, 7 [III B.C.] τοῦτο δὲ γίνεται διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀθροῦν ἡμᾶς; 2 Macc 2:11; ApcMos 42 διὰ τὸ μὴ γινώσκειν; Just., D. 95, 1 διὰ τὸ μὴ πάντα φυλάξαι; Tat. 2, 1 διὰ τὸ μὴ βούλεσθαι) Mt 13:5f; Mk 4:5f; Lk 8:6; Js 4:2 (w. acc.).—πρὸς τὸ μὴ in order that…not (Ptolem. Pap. aus Alexandria 4, 3 in Witkowski p. 51 πρὸς τὸ μὴ γίνεσθαι τῷ βασιλεῖ τὸ χρήσιμον; Esth 3:13d, e; Bar 1:19; 2:5) 2 Cor 3:13; 1 Th 2:9; 2 Th 3:8.
    ו. w. dat. of the subst. inf. τῷ μή because…not 2 Cor 2:13.
    ז. w. nom. or acc. of the subst. inf. (2 Esdr 6:8; s. B-D-F §399, 3; s. Rob. 1038) Ro 14:13; 2 Cor 2:1; 10:2; 1 Th 4:6.
    β. very oft. w. the ptc., in keeping w. the tendency of later Gk. to prefer μή to οὐ; exceptions in B-D-F §430; s. Rob. 1172.
    א. μή is regularly used to negative the ptc. used w. the article, when the ptc. has a hypothet. sense or refers to no particular person, and has a general mng. (Artem. 4, 22 p. 215, 14 οἱ μὴ νοσοῦντες; ParJer 6:24 ὁ δὲ μὴ ἀκούων; Just., A I, 4, 2 τοὺς μὴ ἐλεγχομένους): ὁ μὴ ὢν μετʼ ἐμοῦ every one who is not with me Mt 12:30ab; Lk 11:23ab; ὁ μὴ πιστεύων J 3:18. πᾶς ὁ μή... Mt 7:26; 1J 3:10ab; 2J 9. πάντες οἱ μή 2 Th 2:12. μακάριοι οἱ μή J 20:29; cp. Ro 14:22. τῶν τὴν ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι Mt 10:28b and oft.
    ב. w. the ptc. when it has conditional, causal, or concessive sense: πᾶν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν Mt 3:10; 7:19. Cp. 9:36; 13:19; Lk 11:24. θερίσομεν μὴ ἐκλυόμενοι we will reap, if we do not become weary (before the harvest) Gal 6:9. μὴ ὄντος νόμου when there is no law Ro 5:13. νόμον μὴ ἔχοντες although they have no law 2:14. μὴ ὢν αὐτὸς ὑπὸ νόμον though I am not under the law 1 Cor 9:20 (cp. TestAbr B 11 p. 115, 22 [Stone p. 78] μὴ ἰδὼν θάνατον). μὴ μεμαθηκώς without having learned (them) J 7:15 (cp. TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 1 [Stone p. 60] μὴ εἰδὼς τίς ἐστιν; TestJob 11:7 μὴ λαμβάνων…ἐνέχυρα; Just., A I, 5, 1 μὴ φροντίζοντες, D. 110, 2 μὴ συνιέντες). μὴ ἔχοντος δὲ αὐτοῦ ἀποδοῦναι but since he could not pay it back Mt 18:25. μὴ βουλόμενος since (God) did not wish to AcPlCor 2:12 (cp. TestAbrB 5 p. 109, 24f [Stone p. 66] μὴ θέλων…παρακοῦσαι).
    ג. when it is to be indicated that the statement has subjective validity (Just., D. 115, 3 ὡς μὴ γεγενημένου ἱερέως): ὡς μὴ λαβών as though you had not received 1 Cor 4:7. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου vs. 18.
    ד. but also very freq. where earlier Gk. would require οὐ (on developments s. Schwyzer II 595f; B-D-F §430, 3; Burton §485 [464 Z.]; cp. οὐ 2b; for μή here, cp. Just., A I, 3, 9, 3 ἄνδρες δεκαδύο…λαλεῖν μὴ δυνάμενοι; D. 85, 4 διὰ τοὺς μὴ…συνόντας ἡμῖν; Mel., P. 71, 518f): τὰ μὴ ὄντα what does not exist (in reality, not only in Paul’s opinion) Ro 4:17; 1 Cor 1:28 (Philo, Op. M. 81 τὸ τὰ μὴ ὄντα εἰς τὸ εἶναι παραγαγεῖν; Ath. 4:2 τὸ ὸ̓ν οὐ γίνεται ἀλλὰ τὸ μὴ ὄν); Hv 1, 1, 6. τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα what is unseen 2 Cor 4:18ab. τὰ μὴ δέοντα 1 Ti 5:13. τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα (3 Macc 4:16) Ro 1:28. τὰ μὴ σαλευόμενα Hb 12:27. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν 2 Cor 5:21. τυφλὸς μὴ βλέπων Ac 13:11. S. also μὴ ἀσθενήσας τῇ πίστει κατενόησεν Ro 4:19 where, as oft., the main idea is expressed by the ptc.
    in a prohibitive sense in independent clauses, to express a negative wish or a warning
    α. w. subjunctive let us not, we should not: pres. subj. μὴ γινώμεθα κενόδοξοι Gal 5:26. μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν 6:9. μὴ καθεύδωμεν 1 Th 5:6; cp. 1 Cor 5:8. W. aor. subj. μὴ σχίσωμεν αὐτόν J 19:24.
    β. w. optative (B-D-F §427, 4; Rob. 1170) μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη 2 Ti 4:16 (cp. Job 27:5). ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι Gal 6:14 (cp. 1 Macc 9:10; 13:5). Esp. in the formula μὴ γένοιτο (s. γίνομαι 4a) Lk 20:16; Ro 3:4, 31; 6:2, 15; 7:7, 13; 9:14; 11:1, 11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; 3:21.
    γ. w. pres. impv.
    א. to express a command that is generally valid (TestReub 2:10) μὴ γίνεσθε ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταί Mt 6:16; cp. vs. 19. μὴ μεριμνᾶτε τῇ ψυχῇ ὑμῶν vs. 25; Lk 12:22.—Mt 7:1; 10:31; 19:6; Lk 6:30; 10:4, 7; 1 Cor 6:9; 7:5, 12f, 18; Eph 4:26 (Ps 4:5), 29 and oft.
    ב. to bring to an end a condition now existing (Aeschyl., Sept. 1036; Chariton 2, 7, 5 μὴ ὀργίζου=‘be angry no longer’; PHib 56, 7 [249 B.C.]; PAmh 37, 7; POxy 295, 5; Wsd 1:12 and elsewh. LXX; TestAbr B 9 p. 113, 20 [Stone p. 74]; JosAs 14:11; GrBar 7:6 and ApcMos 16 μὴ φοβοῦ; Just., D. 87, 1 μὴ…λοιπὸν ὑπολάμβανε; Mlt. 122ff) μὴ φοβεῖσθε do not be afraid (any longer) Mt 14:27; 17:7; Lk 2:10; cp. 1:13, 30. μὴ κλαῖε do not weep (any more) 7:13; cp. 23:28 (GrBar16:1) μὴ σκύλλου do not trouble yourself (any further) 7:6; cp. 8:49 v.l. (TestAbr B 2 p. 107, 2 [Stone p. 62] μὴ σκύλλε τὸ παιδάριον).—9:50; Mk 9:39; J 2:16; 6:43. μὴ γράφε do not write (any longer)=it must no longer stand written 19:21. μή μου ἅπτου do not cling to me any longer = let go of me 20:17. μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος vs. 27.—Ac 10:15; 20:10; Ro 11:18, 20; 1 Th 5:19; Js 2:1 and oft.
    δ. w. aor. impv. (Od. 16, 301; Lucian, Paras. μὴ δότε; 1 Km 17:32; TestJob 45:1 μὴ ἐπιλάθεσθε τοῦ κυρίου) μὴ ἐπιστρεψάτω Mt 24:18; Lk 17:31b. μὴ καταβάτω Mt 24:17; Mk 13:15; Lk 17:31a. μὴ γνώτω Mt 6:3.
    ε. w. aor. subj.
    א. almost always to prevent a forbidden action fr. beginning (Plut., Alex. 696 [54, 6] μὴ φιλήσῃς=‘don’t kiss’; PPetr II, 40a, 12 [III B.C.]; POxy 744, 11; BGU 380, 19; LXX; TestAbr A 2 p. 79, 8 [Stone p. 6] μὴ ἐνέγκωσιν ἵππους; 16 p. 97, 5 [Stone p. 42] μὴ ἐκφοβήσῃς αὐτόν; TestJob 39:11 μὴ κάμητε εἰκῇ; ParJer 3:5 μὴ ἀπολέσητε τὴν πόλιν; ApcEsdr 7:11 μὴ μνησθῇς; Just., D. 137, 1 μὴ κακόν τι εἴπητε.—This is the sense of μὴ θαυμάσῃς Herm. Wr. 11, 17; s. ב below) μὴ φοβηθῇς Mt 1:20; 10:26 (JosAs 23:15; cp. TestJob 17:6 μὴ φοβηθῆτε ὅλως). μὴ δόξητε 3:9; cp. 5:17. μὴ ἅψῃ Col 2:21. μὴ ἀποστραφῇς Mt 5:42. μὴ κτήσησθε 10:9 and oft. Also w. the third pers. of the aor. subj. μή τις αὐτὸν ἐξουθενήσῃ no one is to slight him 1 Cor 16:11. μή τίς με δόξῃ εἶναι 2 Cor 11:16. μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ 2 Th 2:3. μὴ σκληρύνητε Hb 3:8, 15 (quot. fr. Ps 94:8) is hardly a pres. subj.; it is rather to be regarded as an aor.
    ב. only rarely to put an end to a condition already existing (the pres. impv. is regularly used for this; s. above 1 cγב) (TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 19 [Stone p. 70] μὴ κλαύσῃς weep no more) μὴ θαυμάσῃς you need no longer wonder J 3:7 (‘you needn’t be surprised’: s. Mlt. 124; 126; and s. א above).
    ζ. in abrupt expressions without a verb (ParJer 1:7 μὴ κύριέ μου): μὴ ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ (we must) not (proceed against him) during the festival Mt 26:5; Mk 14:2. Cp. J 18:40. καὶ μὴ (ποιήσωμεν) Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §427, 4). μὴ ὀκνηροὶ (γίνεσθε) 12:11. Cp. 14:1; Gal 5:13; Eph 6:6 al. (B-D-F §481).
    after verbs of fearing, etc. that…(not), lest B-D-F §370.
    α. w. pres. subj. (3 Macc 2:23) ἐπισκοποῦντες…μή τις ῥίζα…ἐνοχλῇ Hb 12:15
    β. w. aor. subj. (Pla., Apol. 1, 17a) φοβηθεὶς μὴ διασπασθῇ Ac 23:10. Also after a pres. 27:17 (cp. Tob 6:15). After βλέπειν in the mng. take care (PLond III, 964, 9 p. 212 [II/III A.D.] βλέπε μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ μηδέν) Mt 24:4; Mk 13:5; Lk 21:8; Ac 13:40; 1 Cor 10:12; Gal 5:15; Hb 12:25. σκοπῶν σεαυτὸν, μὴ καὶ σὺ πειρασθῇς Gal 6:1. στελλόμενοι τοῦτο, μή τις ἡμάς μωμήσηται 2 Cor 8:20. ὁρᾶν Mt 18:10; 1 Th 5:15. Elliptically, like an aposiopesis ὅρα μή take care! you must not do that! Rv 19:10; 22:9 (B-D-F §480, 5; Rob. 932; 1203).
    γ. w. fut. ind. instead of the subj. following (X., Cyr. 4, 1, 18 ὅρα μὴ πολλῶν ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν χειρῶν δεήσει) βλέπετε μή τις ἔσται Col 2:8; cp. Hb 3:12
    taking the place of a purpose clause=so that…not: w. aor. subj. Mk 13:36; Ac 27:42; 2 Cor 12:6.
    marker of expectation of a negative anwer to a question (B-D-F §427, 2; 4; 440; Rob. 1168; 1175; Mlt-Turner 283).
    in direct questions (X. Eph. 398, 26 H.; Job 1:9; 8:11; TestAbr A 2 p. 79, 9f [Stone p. 6]; B 6 p. 110, 6 [Stone p. 68]; TestJob 15, 6; 27, 1; ApcSed 7:2; ApcMos 8:27) somewhat along the lines ‘it isn’t so, is it, that...?’, with expectation of a neg. answer; in tr. the negation can in fact be variously expressed in a form suggesting that an inappropriate answer would be met with complete dismay, e.g. μή τινος ὑστερήσατε; you didn’t lack anything, did you? Lk 22:35; μὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ; will one give the person a stone? Mt 7:9; sim. vs. 10; 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 11:11 v.l.; 17:9; J 3:4; 4:12, 33; 6:67; 7:35, 51f; 21:5 (cp. μήτι); Ac 7:28 (Ex 2:14), 42 (Am 5:25); Ro 3:3, 5 (cp. Job 8:3); 9:14, 20 (Is 29:16); 1 Cor 1:13; 9:8f; 10:22 al. μὴ γάρ J 7:41; 1 Cor 11:22.—In cases like Ro 10:18f; 1 Cor 9:4f μή is an interrog. word and οὐ negatives the verb. The double negative causes one to expect an affirmative answer (B-D-F §427, 2; s. Rob. 1173f; Tetrast. Iamb. 17, 2 p. 266 μὴ οὐκ ἔστι χλόη;=‘there is grass, is there not?’).
    in indirect questions whether…not Lk 11:35 (cp. Epict. 4, 5, 18a; Arrian, Anab. 4, 20, 2 μή τι βίαιον ξυνέβη=whether anything violent has happened [hopefully not]; Jos., Ant. 6, 115).
    marker of reinforced negation, in combination w. οὐ, μή has the effect of strengthening the negation (Kühner-G. II 221–23; Schwyzer II 317; Mlt. 187–92 [a thorough treatment of NT usage]; B-D-F §365; RLudwig: D. prophet. Wort 31 ’37, 272–79; JLee, NovT 27, ’85, 18–23; B-D-F §365.—Pla., Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. loc. cit.]; SIG 1042, 16; POxy 119, 5, 14f; 903, 16; PGM 5, 279; 13, 321; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 11 [Stone p. 46]; JosAs 20:3; GrBar 1:7; ApcEsdr 2:7; Just., D. 141, 2). οὐ μή is the most decisive way of negativing someth. in the future.
    w. the subj.
    α. w. aor. subj. (TestAbr A 17 p. 99, 7 οὐ μὴ δυνηθῇς θεάσασθαι; JosAs 20:3; ParJer 2:5; 8:5; ApcSed 12:5; 13:6; Just., D. 141, 2; Ael. Aristid. 50, 107 K.=26 p. 533 D.: οὐ μὴ ἡμῶν καταφρονήσωσι; Diogenes, Ep. 38, 5; UPZ 62, 34; 79, 19) never, certainly not, etc. Mt 5:18, 20, 26; 24:2; Mk 13:2; Lk 1:15; 6:37ab; 10:19; J 8:52; 10:28; 11:26; 13:8; 1 Cor 8:13; Hb 8:12 (Jer 38:34); 13:5; 1 Pt 2:6 (Is 28:16); Rv 2:11; 3:12; 18:21–23 al.—Also in a rhetorical question, when an affirmative answer is expected οὐ μὴ ποιήσῃ τὴν ἐκδίκησιν; will he not vindicate? Lk 18:7. οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτό; shall I not drink it? J 18:11. τίς οὐ μὴ φοβηθῇ; who shall not fear? Rv 15:4.—In relative clauses Mt 16:28; Mk 9:1; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); cp. Lk 18:30.—In declarative and interrogative sentences after ὅτι Mt 24:34; Lk 22:16 (οὐκέτι οὐ μή v.l.); J 11:56; without ὅτι Mt 26:29; Lk 13:35.—Combined w. οὐδέ: οὐδʼ οὐ μὴ γένηται (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 122, 4 [6 A.D.]) Mt 24:21 (B-D-F §431, 3).
    β. w. pres. subj. Hb 13:5 v.l. ἐγκαταλείπω (accepted by Tdf., whereas most edd. read ἐγκαταλίπω)
    w. fut. ind. (En 98:12; 99:10; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 11 [Stone p. 20] οὐ μή σοι ἀκολουθήσω; GrBar 1:7 οὐ μὴ προσθήσω; ApcEsdr 2:7 οὐ μὴ παύσομαι) οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο Mt 16:22.—Hm 9:5; Hs 1:5; 4:7. Cp. Mt 15:6; 26:35; Lk 10:19 v.l.; 21:33; J 4:14; 6:35b; 10:5 (ἀκολουθήσωσιν v.l.); Hb 10:17. οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν Rv 18:14. οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10 v.l.); but the tradition wavers mostly betw. the fut. and aor. subj. (s. Mlt. and B-D-F loc. cit.).—DELG. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μή

  • 12 presente

    adj.
    1 present.
    siempre está presente en mí su recuerdo her memory is always present in my mind
    aquí presente here present
    hacer presente algo a alguien to notify somebody of something
    ¡presente! present!
    Carlos Muñoz — ¡presente! Carlos Muñoz — present! (al pasar lista)
    2 current.
    del presente mes of this month
    intj.
    present, here.
    m.
    1 present (gen) & (grammar).
    presente histórico historical present
    2 gift, present (regalo).
    3 attendee, person who is present.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: presentar.
    * * *
    1 present
    1 (tiempo) present
    2 LINGÚÍSTICA present tense
    3 (obsequio) gift
    1 those present
    \
    mejorando lo presente present company excepted
    por el presente for the moment
    por la presente... (en cartas) hereby
    tener presente to bear in mind
    presente histórico present historic
    * * *
    1. noun m.
    2) gift
    2. adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [en el espacio]

    -¡Miguel García! -¡presente! — "Miguel García!" - "here!"

    estar presente — to be present

    ¿estabas tú presente en esa reunión? — were you present at that meeting?

    esa posibilidad está siempre presente — there is always that possibility, that possibility always exists

    hacerse presente — to manifest o.s.

    tener algo presente — to bear sth in mind

    siempre os tendré presentes en mis pensamientos — you will always be in my thoughts, I will never forget you

    es muy buena actriz, mejorando lo presente — she's a very good actress, as you are yourself o just like you

    cuerpo 2)
    2) [en el tiempo] [año, mes, temporada] current; [momento] present
    3) LAm [en sobre]

    "presente" — "by hand"

    2.
    SMF

    los/las presentes — those present

    3. SM
    1) (tb: momento presente) present
    2) (Ling) present, present tense
    participio
    3) (=regalo) present, gift
    4.
    SF frm

    le comunico por la presente que... — I hereby inform you that... frm

    * * *
    I
    1) ( en un lugar) present

    Juan Prado - presente! — ( al pasar lista) Juan Prado - present o here!

    Presente — (CS) (Corresp) ≈ by hand

    hacerle presente a alguien — (frml) to notify somebody (frml)

    mejorando lo presente: es muy inteligente, mejorando lo presente he's very intelligent, as indeed are you; tener algo presente to bear something in mind; tener presente a alguien — to think of somebody, remember somebody

    2) ( actual) present

    el día 15 del presente mes — the 15th of this month, the 15th inst. (frml)

    en su atenta carta del 3 presente — (Méx frml) (Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o (frml) of the 3rd inst.

    el presente documento/contrato — (frml) (Corresp) this document/contract; ver tb presente III

    II
    1)
    b) (Ling) present (tense)
    2) los presentes masculino plural, las presentes femenino plural ( asistentes) those present
    3) ( regalo) gift, present
    III
    femenino (frml)

    por la presente me complace informarle que... — I am pleased to inform you that... (frml)

    por la presente pongo en su conocimiento que... — I am writing to inform you that... (frml)

    * * *
    I
    1) ( en un lugar) present

    Juan Prado - presente! — ( al pasar lista) Juan Prado - present o here!

    Presente — (CS) (Corresp) ≈ by hand

    hacerle presente a alguien — (frml) to notify somebody (frml)

    mejorando lo presente: es muy inteligente, mejorando lo presente he's very intelligent, as indeed are you; tener algo presente to bear something in mind; tener presente a alguien — to think of somebody, remember somebody

    2) ( actual) present

    el día 15 del presente mes — the 15th of this month, the 15th inst. (frml)

    en su atenta carta del 3 presente — (Méx frml) (Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o (frml) of the 3rd inst.

    el presente documento/contrato — (frml) (Corresp) this document/contract; ver tb presente III

    II
    1)
    b) (Ling) present (tense)
    2) los presentes masculino plural, las presentes femenino plural ( asistentes) those present
    3) ( regalo) gift, present
    III
    femenino (frml)

    por la presente me complace informarle que... — I am pleased to inform you that... (frml)

    por la presente pongo en su conocimiento que... — I am writing to inform you that... (frml)

    * * *
    el presente
    (n.) = present, the, immediate time

    Ex: While the reading habits of the elite form the leading edge of intellectual thought, the vast majority of humanity have had, in the past as well as the present, different habits and aims.

    Ex: And so, from its hardscrabble beginnings to immediate time, Wexler has lead a varied existence, changing from shipping point for fruit to resting place for travelers = Y por lo tanto, desde sus comienzos difíciles hasta el presente, Wexler ha llevado una vida variada, pasando de ser un centro de recepción y envío de fruta a un lugar de descanso para los viajeros.

    presente1
    1 = present.

    Ex: We are going to use the data elements defined in the present document as a base from which to begin.

    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.
    * el presente = thisness.
    * hacer hasta la presente = do + all along.
    * hasta el presente = until now, so far, up to now, to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date.
    * hasta la presente = to this day, as of this time, as of now, as of today, to date, so far, up to now.
    * orientado al presente = now-oriented.
    * por la presente = hereby.
    * preocupado por el presente = present-minded.
    * presente, el = present, the, immediate time.

    presente2
    2 = at work, attendant.

    Ex: Determining costs has proven difficult for many libraries involved in a recon project as there are so many variables at work.

    Ex: Quite obviously, as most children spend their infant years aware of very few people, usually members of their family, it is from them -- parents, brothers and sisters, attendant relatives and friends -- that they learn the primary adaptive lessons.
    * estar presente = be manifest, be present.
    * mantener presente = keep before.
    * no estar presente en = be absent (from).
    * no tener presente = be oblivious of/to.
    * omnipresente = ever-present.
    * tener presente = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of.
    * tener presente las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.
    * téngase presente = witness.
    * teniendo esto presente = with this/that in mind.

    presente3
    3 = gift.

    Ex: That is the great gift literature can give one.

    * * *
    A (en un lugar) present
    no estuve presente en la reunión I wasn't present at the meeting
    el mineral estaba presente en cuatro de las muestras analizadas the mineral was found in four of the samples analyzed
    Juan Prado — ¡presente! (al pasar lista) Juan Prado — present o here!
    la guerra civil está presente en todas sus novelas the civil war is a constant feature in her novels
    [ S ] Presente (CS) ( Corresp) ≈ by hand
    hacerle presente a algn ( frml); to notify sb ( frml)
    me complace hacerle presente que su solicitud ha sido aceptada I am pleased to notify o inform you that your application has been accepted
    mejorando lo presente: es muy inteligente, mejorando lo presente he's very intelligent, as indeed are you
    tu hermana es muy simpática, mejorando lo presente your sister's very nice, just like you, your sister's very nice, it must run in the family
    tener algo presente to bear sth in mind
    tendré presente tu propuesta I'll bear your proposal in mind
    tengo siempre presentes sus consejos I always remember o bear in mind his advice
    tener presente a algn to think of sb, remember sb
    te tengo presente en mis oraciones I remember you in my prayers
    B (actual) present
    hasta el momento presente no hemos tenido noticias suyas up to the present time we have had no news of him
    a finales del presente año at the end of the current o present year
    el día 15 del presente mes the 15th of this month, the 15th inst. ( frml)
    en su atenta carta del 3 presente ( Méx frml) ( Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o ( frml) of the 3rd inst.
    el presente documento/contrato ( frml) ( Corresp) this document/contract
    ver tb presente3 (↑ presente (3))
    A
    1
    (en el tiempo): el presente the present
    2 ( Ling) present tense, present
    entre los presentes estaba el obispo among those present was the bishop
    los presentes permanecieron en silencio everyone there o those present remained silent
    ( frml)
    por la presente me complace informarle que … I am pleased to inform you that … ( frml)
    por la presente pongo en su conocimiento que … I am writing to inform you that … ( frml)
    los firmantes de la presente queremos expresar … we the undersigned wish to express … ( frml)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo presentar: ( conjugate presentar)

    presenté es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    presente es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    presentar    
    presente
    presentar ( conjugate presentar) verbo transitivo
    1

    b) ( exponer por primera vez) ‹libro/disco to launch;

    obra de arte to present;
    colección de moda to present, exhibit
    c) ( entregar) ‹informe/solicitud to submit;

    trabajo to hand in;
    renuncia to hand in, submit
    d) ( enseñar) ‹carnet/pasaporte to show

    e)disculpas/excusas to make;

    queja to file, make;
    cargos to bring;

    presente pruebas to present evidence
    f) (Mil):


    2 (TV) ‹ programa to present, introduce
    3 persona to introduce;

    4novedad/ventaja to offer;
    síntoma to show
    presentarse verbo pronominal
    1


    b) presentese a algo ‹ a examen to take sth;

    a concurso to enter sth;
    a elecciones› to take part in sth;
    se presenta como candidato independiente he's running (AmE) o (BrE) he's standing as an independent;

    presentese para un cargo to apply for a post
    2 [dificultad/problema] to arise, come up;
    [ oportunidad] to arise
    3 ( darse a conocer) to introduce oneself
    presente adjetivo
    1 ( en un lugar) [estar] present;
    ( on signs) Presente (CS) (Corresp) ≈ by hand;
    tener algo presente to bear sth in mind

    2 ( actual) present;

    el día 15 del presente mes the 15th of this month;
    en su atenta carta del 3 presente (Méx frml) (Corresp) in your letter of the 3rd of this month o (frml) of the 3rd inst.
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1


    b) (Ling) present (tense)

    2
    los presentes sustantivo masculino plural ( asistentes) those present

    presentar verbo transitivo
    1 (un programa, pruebas, etc) to present
    2 (un producto) to launch
    3 (a una persona) to introduce
    4 (síntomas, características, etc) to have, show
    5 (disculpas) to give, present
    (condolencias) to give, pay
    6 (la dimisión) to hand in
    7 (una queja) to file, make
    presente
    I adjetivo
    1 (en un lugar) present: el personal presente puede votar, the staff here can vote
    2 (en el tiempo) present
    el presente año, the current year
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 (regalo) gift, present
    2 Ling present tense
    ♦ Locuciones: hacer presente, to declare, state
    tener presente, to bear in mind
    ' presente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    corriente
    - cuerpo
    - deber
    - duplicado
    - poder
    - respeto
    - sala
    - soler
    - tener
    - ya
    - actualidad
    - ahora
    - asistir
    - ausente
    - indicativo
    - misa
    English:
    attend
    - be
    - bear
    - hereby
    - innocent
    - likelihood
    - mind
    - must
    - now
    - opportunity
    - present
    - attendance
    - certify
    - introduce
    - live
    - time
    * * *
    adj
    1. [asistente, que está delante] present;
    yo estuve presente el día que hicieron la reunión I was present on the day of the meeting;
    siempre está presente en mí su recuerdo her memory is always present in my mind;
    aquí presente here present;
    hacer presente algo a alguien to notify sb of sth;
    tener presente [recordar] to remember;
    [tener en cuenta] to bear in mind;
    lo tenemos presente en nuestros ruegos we remember him in our prayers;
    ten presente que acaba de salir del hospital bear in mind that she has just left hospital;
    Carlos Muñoz – ¡presente! [al pasar lista] Carlos Muñoz – present!;
    mejorando lo presente: es muy guapa, mejorando lo presente she's very pretty, though not as pretty as you;
    todos los hombres son idiotas, mejorando lo presente all men are stupid, present company excepted
    2. [en curso] current;
    del presente mes of this month;
    en las presentes circunstancias es mejor no decir nada in the present circumstances it is best to say nothing
    nmf
    [en un lugar]
    los/las (aquí) presentes everyone present;
    invitó a los presentes a acudir a la próxima reunión he invited everyone present to attend the next meeting
    nm
    1. [tiempo actual] present;
    2. Gram present
    presente histórico historical present;
    presente de indicativo present indicative;
    presente de subjuntivo present subjunctive
    3. [regalo] gift, present
    4. [corriente]
    el presente [mes] the current month;
    [año] the current year
    nf
    [escrito]
    por la presente le informo… I hereby inform you…;
    por la presente se le comunica su nombramiento como tesorero I am writing to inform you that you have been appointed treasurer
    * * *
    I adj present;
    en el caso presente in the present case o situation;
    tener algo presente bear sth in mind;
    ¡presente! here!;
    mejorando lo presente just like you
    II m tiempo present
    III m/f
    :
    los presentes those present
    IV f
    :
    por la presente le informamos que … we hereby wish to inform you that …
    * * *
    1) : present, in attendance
    2) : present, current
    3)
    tener presente : to keep in mind
    1) : present (time, tense)
    2) : one present
    entre los presentes se encontraban...: those present included...
    * * *
    presente adj n present

    Spanish-English dictionary > presente

См. также в других словарях:

  • Never Let Me Go (2010 film) — Never Let Me Go UK theatrical release poster Directed by Mark Romanek Produced by …   Wikipedia

  • Wakko's Wish — Infobox Film name = Wakko s Wish image size = 250px caption = Wakko s Wish VHS cover director = Liz Holzman Rusty Mills Tom Ruegger producer = Liz Holzman Rusty Mills Tom Ruegger writer = Charlie Howell Earl Kress Tom Ruegger Randy Rogell Kevin… …   Wikipedia

  • United Kingdom — a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801 1922. 58,610,182; 94,242 sq. mi. (244,100 sq. km). Cap.: London. Abbr.: U.K. Official name, United Kingdom of Great… …   Universalium

  • education — /ej oo kay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of… …   Universalium

  • religion — religionless, adj. /ri lij euhn/, n. 1. a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, esp. when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and… …   Universalium

  • India — /in dee euh/, n. 1. Hindi, Bharat. a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950.… …   Universalium

  • KABBALAH — This entry is arranged according to the following outline: introduction general notes terms used for kabbalah the historical development of the kabbalah the early beginnings of mysticism and esotericism apocalyptic esotericism and merkabah… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • painting, Western — ▪ art Introduction       history of Western painting from its beginnings in prehistoric times to the present.       Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment (but see also drawing for discussion of depictions in …   Universalium

  • western Africa, history of — Introduction       history of the region from the 11th century to the present.       A reasonable body of sources for the writing of western African history begins to be available about AD 1000. Three centuries earlier, the Arabs (Arab) had… …   Universalium

  • Views of the Arab–Israeli conflict — The Arab Israeli conflict is the result of numerous factors. Reasons cited for the conflict therefore vary from participant to participant and observer to observer. A powerful example of this divide can be found in opinion surveys of Palestinians …   Wikipedia

  • Geraldine Ferraro — Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York s 9th district In office January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985 …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»