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  • 21 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

  • 22 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) nokkur; nokkurn; dálítill
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) nokkur; dálítill; sumir
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) einhverjir; nokkrir; dálítill
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) á vissan hátt; að sumu leyti
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) töluverður, umtalsverður
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) einhver
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) um það bil, í kringum
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) eitthvað; að vissu marki
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Icelandic dictionary > some

  • 23 some

    egy bizonyos, egyes, néhány, mintegy, némely, némi
    * * *
    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) néhány
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) némely
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) egy kevés
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) (egy) bizonyos
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) valamelyes
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) valami(féle)
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) körülbelül, mintegy
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) némileg
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Hungarian dictionary > some

  • 24 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) algum
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) algum
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) algum
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) certo
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) muito/grande
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) algum
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) uns/umas
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) até certo ponto
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me
    * * *
    [s∧m] adj 1 uns, umas. 2 alguns, algumas. some few guests left / alguns poucos hóspedes foram-se. 3 um pouco, certa quantidade. give me some coffee / dá-me um pouco de café. some more tea? / mais um pouco de chá? may I give you some of this? / posso dar-lhe um pouco disso? 4 um, uma. it will happen some day / acontecerá qualquer dia. 5 cerca de, mais ou menos. 6 Amer coll notável, grande, forte. • adv 1 coll um tanto, até certo grau. 2 Amer coll até alto grau ou até grande extensão. • pron 1 alguns, algumas. some came, others went / alguns vieram, outros foram. 2 um pouco, certa quantidade. after some time depois de algum tempo. some-place algum lugar. some time ago algum tempo atrás. some time or other em qualquer ocasião. to forgo some of one’s right desistir de parte de seu direito. to some extent até certo ponto ou grau.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > some

  • 25 some

    adj. bir parça, biraz, bazı, kimi, bir takım, bir, çok, epey, yaklaşık, takriben, amma, acayip, ne biçim, süper, çok iyi
    ————————
    adv. biraz, aşağı yukarı, civarında, bir dereceye kadar
    ————————
    pron. bazı, kimi, bazısı, kimisi, bazıları, herhangi bir
    * * *
    bazı
    * * *
    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) bazı, birkaç tane
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) biraz, bazı, kimi
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) bazı; biraz
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) bazı
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) epeyce, bir hayli
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) bir
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) aşağı yukarı, civarında
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) biraz, az çok
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Turkish dictionary > some

  • 26 some

    • osa
    • toinen
    • noin
    • joku
    • jonkinlainen
    • jokunen
    • jokin
    • jotkut
    • hieman
    • hiukan
    • erinäiset
    • eräs
    • erinäinen
    • vähän
    • muutama
    • muutamat
    • suunnilleen
    * * *
    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) joku, jotkut, vähän
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) tietty, jonkin verran
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) ainakin joku, edes vähän
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) tietty
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) melkoisesti, melkoinen
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) jokin
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) noin
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) jonkin verran
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Finnish dictionary > some

  • 27 while

    1. noun
    Weile, die

    quite a or quite some while, a good while — eine ganze Weile; ziemlich lange

    [for] a while — eine Weile

    where have you been all the or this while? — wo warst du die ganze Zeit?

    for a little or short while — eine kleine Weile

    stay a little while [longer] — bleib noch ein Weilchen

    in a little or short while — gleich

    be worth [somebody's] while — sich [für jemanden] lohnen

    once in a while — von Zeit zu Zeit [mal]; hin und wieder [mal]

    2. conjunction
    1) während; (as long as) solange

    while in London he took piano lessons — als er in London war, nahm er Klavierstunden

    2) (although) obgleich
    3) (whereas) während
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/93733/while_away">while away
    * * *
    1. conjunction
    1) (during the time that: I saw him while I was out walking.) während
    2) (although: While I sympathize, I can't really do very much to help.) wenn auch
    2. noun
    (a space of time: It took me quite a while; It's a long while since we saw her.) die Weile
    - while away
    - worth one's while
    * * *
    [(h)waɪl]
    I. n no pl Weile f
    I only stayed for a short \while ich blieb nur eine kurze Weile
    he's been gone quite a \while er ist schon eine ganze Weile weg
    all the \while die ganze Zeit [über]
    a \while ago vor einer Weile
    in a \while in Kürze, bald
    I'll be fine in a \while mir geht's bald wieder gut
    to be worth [the] \while die Mühe wert sein, sich akk lohnen
    II. conj
    1. (during which time) während
    I don't want to be bothered \while I'm recording solange ich aufnehme, möchte ich nicht gestört werden
    \while I was in Italy... als ich in Italien war,...
    I'm going to the post office — \while you're there can you get me some stamps? ich gehe zum Postamt — kannst du mir dort ein paar Briefmarken besorgen?
    he fell asleep \while waiting er schlief beim Warten ein
    \while on duty im Dienst
    2. (although) obwohl
    \while I fully understand your point of view,... wenn ich Ihren Standpunkt auch vollkommen verstehe,...
    \while he does drive to work, he reduces the environmental impact by taking others with him er fährt zwar mit dem Wagen zur Arbeit, reduziert aber die Umweltbelastung, indem er andere mitnimmt
    3. (however) wo[hin]gegen
    he gets thirty thousand pounds a year \while I get a meagre fifteen! er bekommt dreißigtausend Pfund im Jahr, während ich gerade mal schlappe fünfzehntausend kriege fam
    III. vt
    to \while away the time sich dat die Zeit vertreiben
    * * *
    [waɪl]
    1. n
    1) Weile f, Weilchen nt (inf)

    for a while — (für) eine Weile, eine Zeit lang

    a good or long while — eine ganze or lange Weile, eine ganze Zeit lang

    for/after quite a while — ziemlich or recht lange, (für) eine geraume/nach einer geraumen Weile (geh)

    it'll be ready in a short while — es wird bald fertig sein

    a long while ago — vor einer ganzen Weile, vor längerer or langer Zeit

    2)

    the while (liter) — derweil, unterdessen

    3)

    to be worth (one's) while to... — sich (für jdn) lohnen, zu...

    2. conj
    1) während; (= as long as) solange

    he became famous while still young — er wurde berühmt, als er noch jung war

    2)

    (= although) while one must admit there are difficulties... — man muss zwar zugeben, dass es Schwierigkeiten gibt, trotzdem...

    while the text is not absolutely perfect, nevertheless... — obwohl (zwar) der Text nicht einwandfrei ist,... trotzdem

    it is difficult to be fair while at the same time being honest — es ist schwierig, fair und gleichzeitig auch gerecht zu sein

    3) (= whereas) während
    * * *
    while [waıl; hwaıl]
    A s Weile f, Zeit (-spanne) f:
    a good while ziemlich lange;
    a long while ago vor einer ganzen Weile;
    (for) a while eine Zeit lang;
    for a long while lange (Zeit), seit Langem;
    all this while die ganze Zeit, dauernd;
    in a little ( oder short) while bald, binnen Kurzem;
    the while derweil, währenddessen;
    between whiles zwischendurch; → once A 1, B 1, worth1 A 2
    B konj
    1. während (zeitlich)
    2. so lange (wie):
    while there is life, there is hope (Sprichwort) der Mensch hofft, solange er lebt; → last2 A 5
    3. während, wo(hin)gegen:
    4. wenn auch, obwohl, zwar:
    while (he is) our opponent, he is not our enemy er ist zwar unser Gegner, aber nicht unser Feind
    C v/t meist while away sich die Zeit vertreiben ([ by] playing cards mit Kartenspielen; [ by] reading a book mit einem Buch)
    * * *
    1. noun
    Weile, die

    quite a or quite some while, a good while — eine ganze Weile; ziemlich lange

    [for] a while — eine Weile

    where have you been all the or this while? — wo warst du die ganze Zeit?

    for a little or short while — eine kleine Weile

    stay a little while [longer] — bleib noch ein Weilchen

    in a little or short while — gleich

    be worth [somebody's] while — sich [für jemanden] lohnen

    once in a while — von Zeit zu Zeit [mal]; hin und wieder [mal]

    2. conjunction
    1) während; (as long as) solange

    while in London he took piano lessons — als er in London war, nahm er Klavierstunden

    2) (although) obgleich
    3) (whereas) während
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    adv.
    indem (zeitlich) adv.
    solange als adv.
    während adv. conj.
    als adv.
    während konj. n.
    Weile -n f.
    Zeitspanne f.

    English-german dictionary > while

  • 28 some

    [sʌm] 1. adj
    1) ( a certain amount of) trochę +gen; ( a certain number of) parę +gen nvir pl, paru +gen vir pl, kilka +gen nvir pl, kilku +gen vir pl

    some tea/water — trochę herbaty/wody

    2) ( certain) ( in contrasts) niektóre +nvir pl, niektórzy +vir pl

    some people say that … — niektórzy (ludzie) mówią, że …

    2. pron
    1) ( a certain number) parę nvir pl, paru vir pl, kilka nvir pl, kilku vir pl

    have you got any friends? — yes, I've got some — (czy) masz jakichś przyjaciół? — tak, mam paru or kilku

    have you got any stamps? — yes, I've got some — (czy) masz jakieś znaczki? — tak, mam parę or kilka

    2) ( a certain amount) trochę

    have we got any money? — yes, we've got some — (czy) mamy jakieś pieniądze? — tak, mamy trochę

    3. adv
    * * *
    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) kilka, trochę
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) trochę, niektórzy
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) jakiś
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) pewny, pewien
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) nie lada
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) jakiś
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) jakieś, około
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) nieco
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Polish dictionary > some

  • 29 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) nedaudz; mazliet
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) nedaudz; daži
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) [] kāds; [] kaut cik
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) zināms; atsevišķs
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) pamatīgs; ievērojams
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) kaut kāds
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) apmēram; aptuveni
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) nedaudz; zināmā mērā
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me
    * * *
    kāds; kaut kāds; mazliet, nedaudz; krietni daudz; lielisks; mazliet; apmēram; dažs, kāds

    English-Latvian dictionary > some

  • 30 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) šiek tiek, truputis
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) šiek tiek; kai kurie
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) nors vienas, nors kas
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) kai kuris
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) nemažai, ganėtinai
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) kažkoks
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) maždaug, apie
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) kažkiek, šiek tiek
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Lithuanian dictionary > some

  • 31 some

    adj. någon, något, några; lite; speciell; ungefär; riktig (slang)
    --------
    adv. ganska, rätt så; mycket (slang)
    --------
    pron. några, en del, en viss
    * * *
    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) några, en del, lite
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) någon, något, några, en del, lite, somliga... andra
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) någon [], något [], några []
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) vissa, somliga
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) åtskillig, en hel del
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) någon, något
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) ungefär, omkring
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) något, en del
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Swedish dictionary > some

  • 32 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) několik; trochu
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) nějaký; některý
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) některý; aspoň trochu
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) určitý
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) značný, jistý
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) nějaký
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) asi
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) trochu, dost
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me
    * * *
    • trochu
    • některý
    • několik
    • nějaký
    • nějaké

    English-Czech dictionary > some

  • 33 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) niekoľko; trocha
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) nejaký; niektorý, daktorý
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) niektorý; aspoň trocha
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) určitý
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) značný, istý
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) nejaký
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) asi
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) dosť, dačo
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me
    * * *
    • väcšie množstvo
    • isté
    • istý
    • jeden
    • asi
    • daco
    • pár kusov
    • poriadny
    • pomerne velký
    • pomerne dost
    • nejaký
    • niektorý
    • niekolko
    • nieco

    English-Slovak dictionary > some

  • 34 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) μερικός,λίγος,μερικοί,κάποιοι
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) κάποιος
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) κάποιος,λίγος
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) ορισμένος
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) αρκετός,κάμποσος
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) κάποιος
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) περίπου,κάπου
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) κάπως
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me

    English-Greek dictionary > some

  • 35 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) quelque(s); un peu
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) certain(s)
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) quelques; un peu
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) certain
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) beaucoup de
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) quelconque
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) environ
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) quelque
    - someday - somehow - someone - something - sometime - sometimes - somewhat - somewhere - mean something - or something - something like - something tells me

    English-French dictionary > some

  • 36 some

    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.) algum
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) algum
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) algum, um pouco
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) certo
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!)
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) algum
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) cerca de
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) um pouco
    - someday - somehow - someone - something - sometime - sometimes - somewhat - somewhere - mean something - or something - something like - something tells me

    English-Portuguese (Brazil) dictionary > some

  • 37 odd

    od
    1) (unusual; strange: He's wearing very odd clothes; a very odd young man.) extraño, raro
    2) ((of a number) that cannot be divided exactly by 2: 5 and 7 are odd (numbers).) impar
    3) (not one of a pair, set etc: an odd shoe.) suelto, desparejado
    4) (occasional; free: at odd moments.) ocasional
    •
    - oddly
    - oddment
    - odds
    - odd jobs
    - odd job man
    - be at odds
    - make no odds
    - oddly enough
    - odd man out / odd one out
    - odds and ends
    - what's the odds?
    odd adj
    1. raro / extraño
    2. desparejado
    3. impar
    the odd one out el que es distinto / la excepción
    tr[ɒd]
    1 (strange) extraño,-a, raro,-a
    ■ the odd thing is that... lo raro es que...
    2 (number) impar
    4 (shoe, glove, etc) suelto,-a, desparejado,-a
    5 (left over, spare) suelto,-a, de más
    ■ have you got any odd coins? ¿tienes algunas monedas sueltas?
    6 (occasional) ocasional
    1 (probability, chances) probabilidades nombre femenino plural, posibilidades nombre femenino plural
    ■ the odds are that... lo más probable es que...
    ■ the odds are in your favour llevas ventaja, tienes las de ganar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    against (all) the odds contra todo pronóstico
    it makes no odds lo mismo da, da lo mismo
    to be at odds with somebody estar reñido,-a con alguien, estar peleado,-a con alguien
    to be the odd man out (be over) estar de más 2 (be different) ser la excepción
    to fight against the odds luchar contra fuerzas superiores
    to lay odds ofrecer puntos de ventaja
    to pay over the odds pagar más de la cuenta
    what's the odds? ¿qué más da?, ¿qué importa?
    odd ['ɑd] adj
    1) : sin pareja, suelto
    an odd sock: un calcetín sin pareja
    2) uneven: impar
    odd numbers: números impares
    3) : y pico, y tantos
    forty odd years ago: hace cuarenta y pico años
    4) : alguno, uno que otro
    odd jobs: algunos trabajos
    5) strange: extraño, raro
    adj.
    • desacostumbrado, -a adj.
    • desparejado, -a adj.
    • estrambótico, -a adj.
    • extraño, -a adj.
    • impar (Matemática) adj.
    • original adj.
    • raro, -a adj.
    • singular adj.
    • suelto, -a adj.
    ɑːd, ɒd
    adjective -er, -est
    1) ( strange) raro, extraño

    the odd thing is that... — lo raro or lo curioso es que...

    2) (occasional, random) (no comp)

    she smokes the odd cigarette — se fuma algún or alguno que otro cigarrillo

    except for the odd fisherman... — a excepción de algún or alguno que otro pescador...

    a) (unmatched, single) desparejado, sin pareja

    the odd one o the odd man out — la excepción

    b) ( Math) < number> impar
    a) (being left over, spare)
    b) ( approximately) (colloq)

    it cost me 30 pounds odd o 30-odd pounds — me costó 30 y tantas libras or 30 y pico libras (fam)

    she must be 80 odd by now — debe tener 80 y tantos años or 80 y pico (de) años (fam)

    [ɒd]
    1. ADJ
    (compar odder) (superl oddest)
    1) (=strange) raro, extraño

    that's very odd, I could have sworn I'd left my keys here — qué raro or qué cosa más rara, juraría que había dejado aquí mis llaves

    • how odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué curioso!, ¡qué extraño!

    how odd that we should meet here — qué raro or qué extraño que nos hayamos encontrado aquí

    • it was odd of him to leave suddenly like that — fue raro que se fuese así, tan de repente

    • the odd thing about it is... — lo raro or lo extraño que tiene es que...

    See:
    STRANGE, RARE in strange
    2) (=occasional) algún que otro

    he enjoys the odd glass of champagne — le gusta tomar una copa de champán de vez en cuando, le gusta tomar alguna que otra copa de champán

    at odd moments — en los ratos or momentos libres

    3) (Math) [number] impar
    4) (=unpaired) [shoe, sock] desparejado, sin pareja

    you're wearing odd socks — llevas los calcetines desparejados, llevas dos calcetines distintos

    5) (=extra, left over)

    • to be the odd one out — (=be over) ser el que sobra, estar de más; (=be different) ser distinto

    these clowns are all identical except one - which is the odd one out? — estos payasos son todos iguales excepto uno, ¿cuál es distinto?

    but everybody will be wearing a tie, I don't want to be the odd one or man out — pero todo el mundo va a llevar corbata, yo no quiero ser la excepción

    • would you like the odd penny? — ¿quiere el penique?

    £5 and some odd pennies — cinco libras y algunos peniques

    • any odd piece of wood — cualquier trozo de madera

    • an odd scrap of paper — un trozo de papel

    30 odd — treinta y pico, treinta y tantos

    £20 odd — unas 20 libras

    I haven't seen him for forty odd years — llevo cuarenta y tantos or cuarenta y pico años sin verlo

    2.
    ADV
    3.
    CPD

    odd lot N — (St Ex) cantidad f irregular (y normalmente pequeña) de acciones or valores

    * * *
    [ɑːd, ɒd]
    adjective -er, -est
    1) ( strange) raro, extraño

    the odd thing is that... — lo raro or lo curioso es que...

    2) (occasional, random) (no comp)

    she smokes the odd cigarette — se fuma algún or alguno que otro cigarrillo

    except for the odd fisherman... — a excepción de algún or alguno que otro pescador...

    a) (unmatched, single) desparejado, sin pareja

    the odd one o the odd man out — la excepción

    b) ( Math) < number> impar
    a) (being left over, spare)
    b) ( approximately) (colloq)

    it cost me 30 pounds odd o 30-odd pounds — me costó 30 y tantas libras or 30 y pico libras (fam)

    she must be 80 odd by now — debe tener 80 y tantos años or 80 y pico (de) años (fam)

    English-spanish dictionary > odd

  • 38 minimum

    1. 'miniməm adjective
    (smallest or lowest (possible, obtained, recorded etc): the minimum temperature last night.) mínimo

    2. -mə noun
    (the smallest possible number, quantity etc or the lowest level: Tickets will cost a minimum of $20.) mínimo
    - minimize
    - minimise
    minimum1 adj mínimo
    minimum2 n mínimo
    tr['mɪnɪməm]
    1 mínimo,-a
    1 mínimo
    ■ it'll cost a minimum of £200 costará como mínimo £200
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    minimum lending rate tipo de interés mínimo
    minimum wage salario mínimo
    minimum ['mɪnəməm] adj
    : mínimo
    minimum n, pl -ma ['mɪnəmə] or - mums : mínimo m
    adj.
    • mínimo, -a adj.
    n.
    (§ pl.: minimums, or: minima) = mínimo (Matemática) s.m.
    • mínimum s.m.

    I 'mɪnəməm, 'mɪnɪməm
    noun mínimo m

    he always does the absolute minimum — siempre sigue la ley del menor or mínimo esfuerzo

    to reduce something to a minimum — reducir* algo al mínimo


    II
    adjective (before n) mínimo
    ['mɪnɪmǝm]
    1.
    ADJ [amount, charge, age, temperature] mínimo
    2.
    N
    (pl minimums or minima) mínimo m

    to keep costs down to a or the minimum — mantener los costos al mínimo

    3.
    CPD

    minimum lending rate N — tipo m de interés mínimo

    minimum wage N — salario m mínimo

    * * *

    I ['mɪnəməm, 'mɪnɪməm]
    noun mínimo m

    he always does the absolute minimum — siempre sigue la ley del menor or mínimo esfuerzo

    to reduce something to a minimum — reducir* algo al mínimo


    II
    adjective (before n) mínimo

    English-spanish dictionary > minimum

  • 39 tanto


    tanto 1 adverbio 1 [ see note under ( aplicado a verbo) so much; ¡es una chica tan amable! she's such a nice girl!; tanto mejor so much the better; tan solo only; tanto es así que … so much so that …; ya no salimos tanto we don't go out so often o so much now; llegó tan tarde que … he arrived so late (that) …; no es tan tímida como parece she's not as shy as she looks; sale tanto como tú he goes out as much as you do; tan pronto como puedas as soon as you can; tanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra both Suárez and Vargas voted against 2 (AmL exc RPl)
    ◊ qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tanto te duele? how much does it hurt?;
    ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he? ■ sustantivo masculino 1 ( cantidad): hay que dejar un tanto de depósito you have to put down a certain amount as a deposit 2 ( punto — en fútbol) goal; (— en fútbol americano, tenis, juegos) point 3 ( en locs)
    ◊ al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture;
    mantenerse al tanto de algo to keep up to date with sth; estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq); está al tanto de lo ocurrido he knows what's happened; un tanto somewhat, rather; un tanto triste somewhat sad
    tanto 2
    ◊ -ta adjetivo
    a) ( sing) so much;
    (pl) so many;
    ◊ había tanto espacio/tantos niños there was so much space/there were so many children;
    ¡tanto tiempo sin verte! it's been so long!; tanto dinero/tantos turistas como … as much money/as many tourists as … ■ pronombre 1
    a) ( sing) so much;
    (pl) so many;
    ◊ ¡tengo tanto que hacer! I've so much to do!;
    vinieron tantos que … so many people came (that) …; ¿de verdad gana tanto? does he really earn that much?; no ser para tanto (fam): duele, pero no es para tanto it hurts, but it's not that bad treinta y tantas thirty or so aún faltan dos horas — ¿tanto? there's still two hours to go — what? that long? 2 ( en locs) entre tanto meanwhile, in the meantime; otro tanto as much again; me queda otro tanto por hacer I have as much again still to do; por (lo) tanto therefore
    tanto,-a
    I adjetivo & pron
    1 (gran cantidad, mucho) (con singular) so much (con plural) so many: ¿cómo puedes ahorrar tanto (dinero)?, how are you able to save so much money?
    no necesito tantos folios, I don't need so many sheets of paper
    ¡hace tanto tiempo!, it's been so long!
    no es para tanto, it's not that bad
    2 (cantidad imprecisa) le costó cuarenta y tantos dólares, it cost her forty-odd dollars
    tiene cincuenta y tantos años, he's fifty something o fifty-odd
    3 (en comparaciones: con singular) as much (: en plural) as many: tiene tantos amigos como tú, he has as many friends as you
    II adverbio tanto 1 (hasta tal punto) so much: no deberías beber tanto, you shouldn't drink so much
    si vienes con nosotros, tanto mejor, if you come with us, so much the better
    tanto peor, so much the worse
    2 (referido a tiempo) so long: tardé un mes en escribirlo, - ¿tanto?, I spent one month writing it, - so long? (a menudo) ya no sale tanto, nowadays he doesn't go out so often
    III sustantivo masculino tanto 1 Dep point Ftb goal
    2 (una cantidad determinada) a certain amount Locuciones: figurado apuntarse un tanto, to score a point
    estar al tanto, to be up-to-date
    poner al tanto, to put sb in the picture
    a las tantas: me llamó a las tantas de la madrugada/de la noche, she phoned me in the early hours of the morning/very late at night
    entre tanto, meanwhile
    otro tanto, as much again
    por lo tanto, therefore
    tanto (...) como (...), both: tanto Pedro como María, both Pedro and María
    tanto por ciento, percentage
    un tanto, somewhat, rather, a bit
    un tanto cansado, rather tired
    ¡y tanto!, and how! ' tanto' also found in these entries: Spanish: alquilar - amargada - amargado - atonía - bar - calva - calvo - ciento - cuñada - cuñado - embrutecerse - empañar - escarnio - fastidio - griterío - gusto - hartar - hermano - histórica - histórico - idiotizar - licuación - marcar - mejor - mientras - mucha - mucho - normal - objeto - padre - para - parecerse - permitirse - que - ronca - ronco - satisfacción - sobrino - tanta - tela - toda - todo - tutearse - ver - vencerse - anotar - anular - apuntar - arreglar - así English: acquaint - all - alone - as - awaken - ball - better - bog down - both - critical - delay - din - ear - excitement - fall apart - fuss over - hence - labour - lie down - meantime - meanwhile - monopolize - much - must - name - neither - packaging - picture - point - privy - rupture - score - scorer - so - somewhat - song - spin out - stretch out - such - that - therefore - this - whereas - work - alike - begrudge - cope - every - fail - follow

    English-spanish dictionary > tanto

  • 40 right

    1. adjective
    1) (on or related to the side of the body which in most people has the more skilful hand, or to the side of a person or thing which is toward the east when that person or thing is facing north (opposite to left): When I'm writing, I hold my pen in my right hand.) direito
    2) (correct: Put that book back in the right place; Is that the right answer to the question?) certo
    3) (morally correct; good: It's not right to let thieves keep what they have stolen.) certo
    4) (suitable; appropriate: He's not the right man for this job; When would be the right time to ask him?) certo
    2. noun
    1) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) direito
    2) (that which is correct or good: Who's in the right in this argument?) razão
    3) (the right side, part or direction: Turn to the right; Take the second road on the right.) direita
    4) (in politics, the people, group, party or parties holding the more traditional beliefs etc.) direita
    3. adverb
    1) (exactly: He was standing right here.) exactamente
    2) (immediately: I'll go right after lunch; I'll come right down.) imediatamente
    3) (close: He was standing right beside me.) bem
    4) (completely; all the way: The bullet went right through his arm.) totalmente
    5) (to the right: Turn right.) à direita
    6) (correctly: Have I done that right?; I don't think this sum is going to turn out right.) bem
    4. verb
    1) (to bring back to the correct, usually upright, position: The boat tipped over, but righted itself again.) endireitar
    2) (to put an end to and make up for something wrong that has been done: He's like a medieval knight, going about the country looking for wrongs to right.) corrigir
    5. interjection
    (I understand; I'll do what you say etc: `I want you to type some letters for me.' `Right, I'll do them now.') com certeza
    - righteously
    - righteousness
    - rightful
    - rightfully
    - rightly
    - rightness
    - righto
    - right-oh
    - rights
    - right angle
    - right-angled
    - right-hand
    - right-handed
    - right wing     6. adjective
    ((right-wing) (having opinions which are) of this sort.) da direita
    - by rights
    - by right
    - get
    - keep on the right side of
    - get right
    - go right
    - not in one's right mind
    - not quite right in the head
    - not right in the head
    - put right
    - put/set to rights
    - right away
    - right-hand man
    - right now
    - right of way
    - serve right
    * * *
    [rait] n 1 direito, o que é justo ou correto. we had a right to do so / tínhamos o direito de assim proceder. 2 justiça, eqüidade. 3 reivindicação, pretensão. 4 privilégio, prerrogativa, regalia. 5 direitos. 6 lado direito ou o que fica no lado direito, mão direita. 7 Sport soco com a direita. 8 direita: o partido conservador. 9 opção (para compra de ações) ou o certificado negociável referente a essa opção. • vt+vi 1 corrigir, pôr em ordem, regularizar, retificar, endireitar. 2 fazer justiça, reabilitar, defender. 3 reassumir ou restaurar posição correta. • adj 1 direito, reto. 2 vertical, a prumo. 3 correto, justo, honesto. 4 bom, próprio, adequado, conveniente, indicado. 5 sadio, são, normal. he is not in his right mind / ele não está com a cabeça no lugar. 6 exato, correto, certo. 7 verdadeiro, genuíno, real, legítimo. 8 à direita, do lado direito. 9 direito. 10 externo, superior (lado de um tecido, etc.). • adv 1 corretamente, justamente, de acordo com os princípios de justiça e moral, verdadeiramente, propriamente. 2 exatamente, corretamente, bem, satisfatoriamente, precisamente. he did quite right to leave / ele fez bem em sair ou partir. 3 muito, bastante, extremamente. 4 para a direita. 5 diretamente, em linha reta, de modo reto. 6 imediatamente, sem demora, logo, neste instante. all right muito bem, está certo, está em ordem. all rights reserved todos os direitos reservados. as of right de direito. as right as perfeitamente bem, em boa saúde, pronto para outra. at the right of the table à direita da mesa. by right of por força de. by rights por direito. he is in the right ele tem razão. human rights direitos humanos. I am not right a) não estou bem, não estou disposto. b) não tenho razão. in one’s own right por si mesmo, por seus próprios méritos. in one’s right mind em sã consciência. it is all right está bem, não importa. it serves you right! bem feito! on the right à direita. right about turn meia-volta (à direita). right ahead! para a frente! para diante! right along sem parar, continuamente. right away imediatamente. right down completamente, perfeitamente, inteiramente. right enough a) satisfatório. b) sem sombra de dúvida. right here aqui mesmo. right in bem para dentro. right now agora mesmo. right off imediatamente. right oh! certo! confere! right there aí, ali ou lá mesmo. right you are perfeitamente. she is on the right side of thirty ela ainda não fez trinta anos, ela ainda não chegou aos trinta. to be right out estar de saída, sair já. the right man in the right place o homem certo no lugar certo. the right way modo, método, caminho certo, a seguir. to put ( to set) to rights pôr em ordem, acertar. to spend money right and left esbanjar dinheiro a torto e a direito. we got it right esclarecemos o caso. you are right você está certo, tem razão.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > right

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