frangere

rŏta, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. ratha, chariot, and Germ. Rad (cf.rotundus), wheel], a wheel.

Lit.:

pro rotā me uti licet,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9; cf.:

vorsutior es quam rota figularis,

id. Ep. 3, 2, 35:

orbes rotarum,

Lucr. 6, 551; Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52:

axes rotarum,

id. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

radiata,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15:

aurea curvatura summae rotae, Ov M. 2, 108: aquaria,

Cato, R. R. 11, 3: ne currente rotā funis eat retro, while the wheel (in a hoisting machine) hurries forward, Hor. C. 3, 10, 10 et saep.—

In partic.

A potter ' s wheel (cf. supra, figularis):

amphora coepit Institui: currente rotā cur urceus exit?

Hor. A. P. 22; so,

Cumana,

Tib. 2, 3, 48:

Aristarchus invenit rotam figuli, cujus circuitu vasa formantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 31.—

A wheel for torture (trochos, among the Greeks):

in rotam beatam vitam non escendere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 24:

cervicem circumactu rotae frangere,

Sen. Ep. 70, 23; App. M. 3, p. 133; 10, p. 243; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1011.— Ixion ' s wheel, Tib. 1, 3, 74; Verg. G. 4, 484; id. A. 6, 616; Sen. Herc. Fur. 750 et saep.—

A roller:

aliquid subjectis rotis traicere,

Front. 1, 5, 7:

propellere,

Tac. H. 4, 23; Vitr. 10, 13, 2.—

Poet., transf.

(Pars pro toto.) A car, chariot: si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam, Ov.A. A. 2,230; cf. (opp. pedibus) id. M. 1, 448; so Prop. 1, 2, 20; 2, 25 (3, 20), 26;

4 (5), 10, 42: subdiderat rotas,

Verg. A. 12, 675; Ov. M. 2, 139; 312; 3, 150. —Of the span of horses:

Cynthia fraternis afflata rotis,

Sil. 4, 483.—

Of things in the shape of a wheel or disk.

The disk of the sun:

solis rota,

Lucr. 5, 432; 564; cf.:

flammea Phoebi,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1022; and simply rota, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 36 fin.; Val. Fl. 3, 559.—

A kind of sea-fish, Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8; 32, 11, 53, § 144.—

Trop., a wheel:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

i. e. fickleness, inconstancy, Cic. Pis. 10, 22; cf.:

versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70; Prop. 2, 8, 8 (10); Tac. Or. 23; Amm. 26, 8, 13.— Poet.:

imparibus vecta Thalia rotis,

i. e. in elegiac metre, Ov. A. A. 1, 264; so,

disparibus (elegorum) rotis,

id. P. 3, 4, 86: jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor, vorsor in amoris rotā miser, on the rack of love (cf. I. A. 2. b. supra), Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4.

rŭo, ŭi, ŭtum (ruiturus, a, um, Ov. M. 4, 459; Luc. 7, 404; Mart. 1, 88, 4; Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 8; gen. plur. part. ruentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. n. and a., to fall with violence, rush down; to fall down, tumble down, go to ruin (cf.: labor, procumbo, cado).

Neutr. (very freq. and class.).

Lit. Rarely of persons:

caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant Victores victique,

Verg. A. 10, 756; so Val. Fl. 7, 642.—Of things:

ruere illa non possunt, ut haec non eodem labefacta motu concidant,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

spectacula runnt,

fell down, tumbled down, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47; cf.:

parietes ruunt,

id. Most. 1, 2, 36:

lateres veteres,

id. Truc. 2, 2, 50; so,

aedes,

id. Am. 5, 1, 43; id. Most. 1, 2, 69:

omnia tecta (supra aliquem),

Lucr. 4, 403; Liv. 4, 21, 5; Quint. 8, 3, 68 al.:

altae turres,

Lucr. 5, 307:

moles et machina mundi,

id. 5, 96:

murus,

Liv. 21, 11:

templa deum,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 104;

aulaea,

id. ib. 2, 8, 71:

acervus,

id. Ep. 2, 1, 47:

murus latius quam caederetur,

Liv. 21, 11:

tecta in agris,

id. 4, 21:

silices a montibus altis,

Lucr. 5, 314:

alto a culmine Troja,

Verg. A. 2, 290.— Poet.:

caeli templa,

Lucr. 1, 1105: ruit arduus aether, it rains, or the rain descends in torrents, Verg. G. 1, 324; cf. id. A. 8, 525:

caelum imbribus immodicis,

Mart. 3, 100, 3; cf.:

caelum in se,

Liv. 40, 58:

ruit imbriferum ver,

i.e. is ending, hastening to its close, Verg. G. 1, 313; cf.:

turbidus imber aquā,

id. A. 5, 695:

tempestas,

Tac. A. 1, 30.

Prov.: caelum ruit, the sky is falling; of any thing very improbable: Cl. Quid tum, quaeso, si hoc pater resciverit? Sy. Quid si nunc caelum ruat? Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 41. —

Transf., of rapid, hasty movements, to hasten, hurry, run, rush (cf.:

volo, curro): id ne ferae quidem faciunt, ut ita ruant atque turbentur,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; cf. id. Att. 7, 7, 7:

(Pompeium) ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1:

huc omnis turba ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

Aeneadae in ferrum ruebant,

id. ib. 8, 648:

per proelia,

id. ib. 12, 526:

quidam inermes ultro ruere ac se morti offerre,

Tac. Agr. 37:

contis gladiisque ruerent,

id. A. 6, 35:

in aquam caeci ruebant,

Liv. 1, 27 fin.:

in castra fugientes,

id. 24, 16, 2: in vulnera ac tela, id. 26, 44:

promiscue in concubitus,

id. 3, 47:

eques pedesque certatim portis ruere,

id. 27, 41:

ad urbem infesto agmine,

id. 3, 3:

ad portas,

Tac. A. 1, 66:

ad convivium,

id. H. 2, 68 fin.:

per vias,

id. ib. 5, 22:

destinatā morte in proelium,

Flor. 2, 18, 12:

ruebant laxatis habenis aurigae,

Curt. 4, 15, 3:

de montibus amnes,

Verg. A. 4, 164:

flumina per campos,

Ov. M. 1, 285:

in Galliam Rhenus,

Tac. H. 5, 19.— Poet., of time:

vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano Nox,

i.e. hastens up, sets in, Verg. A. 2, 250:

revoluta ruebat dies,

was advancing, hastening on, id. ib. 10, 256; cf. of the setting of the sun, Val. Fl. 1, 274; App. M. 3, p. 136, 19.— Of sound, to break forth:

antrum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae,

Verg. A. 6, 44.—

Trop.

(Acc. to A. 1.) To fall, fail, sink (very rare):

ratio ruat omnis,

Lucr. 4, 507:

quae cum accidunt nemo est quin intellegat, ruere illam rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, § 12:

Vitellium ne prosperis quidem parem, adeo ruentibus debilitatum,

by his falling fortunes, Tac. H. 3, 64:

tam florentes Atheniensium opes ruisse,

Just. 5, 1, 9.—

(Acc. to A. 2.) To rush, dash, hurry, hasten, run, etc. (freq. and class.):

tamquam ad interitum ruerem voluntarium,

Cic. Marcell. 5, 14:

emptorem pati ruere et per errorem in maximam fraudem incurrere,

to act hastily, commit an oversight, id. Off. 3, 13, 55; cf. Liv. 3, 11:

cum cotidie rueret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133; id. Att. 2, 14, 1; Quint. 2, 20, 2:

compescere ruentes,

Tac. H. 1, 56; 2, 63 fin.; cf. id. ib. 2, 34:

ad seditiones et discordias et bella civilia,

id. ib. 1, 46:

crudelitatis odio in crudelitatem ruitis,

Liv. 3, 53:

in servitium,

Tac. A. 1, 7:

in exitium,

id. H. 1, 84:

in sua fata,

Ov. M. 6, 51:

omnia fatis In pejus,

Verg. G. 1, 200:

quo scelesti ruitis?

Hor. Epod. 7, 1:

quo ruis,

Verg. A. 10, 811; Ov. M. 9, 428:

multos video, quā vel impudentiā vel fames duxit, ruentes,

Quint. 2, 20, 2.— Poet., with inf.:

quo ruis imprudens, vage, dicere fata?

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 71:

scire ruunt,

Luc. 7, 751; Stat. Th. 7, 177; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 387.— Impers. pass.:

ut ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur,

Liv. 8, 24.—

Act., to cast down with violence, to dash down, tumble down, hurl to the ground, prostrate (except the jurid. phrase ruta caesa, perh. only poet. and in post-Aug. prose, for in the passage, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 2, seu ruet seu eriget rem publicam, ruet might be neutr.)

Lit.:

imbres fluctusque... frangere malum, Ruere antennas, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 18:

naves (vis venti),

Lucr. 1, 272:

res impetibus crebris (venti),

id. 1, 293:

ceteros ruerem, agerem, raperem, funderem et prosternerem,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 21:

immanem molem volvuntque ruuntque,

Verg. A. 9, 516:

cumulos ruit pinguis harenae,

breaks down, levels, id. G. 1, 105: sese superne in praedam, to cast one ' s self upon, App. Flor. 1, p. 341, 6.—

Poet., transf., to cast up from the bottom, to turn up, throw up, rake up: cum mare permotum ventis, ruit intus harenam, casts up (syn. eruit), Lucr. 6, 726; cf.:

totum (mare) a sedibus imis (venti),

Verg. A. 1, 85:

spumas salis aere,

id. ib. 1, 35:

cinerem et confusa Ossa focis,

id. ib. 11, 211:

atram nubem ad caelum (ignis),

id. G. 2, 308:

unde Divitias aerisque ruam, dic, augur, acervos,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 22.—Hence, rŭtus, a, um, P. a., found only in the phrase rūta et caesa or rūta caesa (acc. to Varro, the u was pronounced long, although it is short in the compounds erutus, obrutus, etc.:

in venditionis lege fundi ruta caesa ita dicimus, ut U producamus,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 104).—In jurid. lang., every thing dug up (ruta) and cut down (caesa) on an estate without being wrought, and which is reserved by the owner at a sale; the timber and minerals: si ruta et caesa excipiantur in venditione, ea placuit esse ruta, quae eruta sunt, ut harena, creta et similia;

caesa ea esse, ut arbores caesas, et carbones et his similia, etc.,

Dig. 19, 1, 17:

in rutis caesis ea sunt, quae terrā non tenentur, quaeque opere structili tectoriove non continentur,

ib. 50, 16, 241:

ruta caesa dicuntur, quae venditor possessionis sui usus gratiā concidit ruendoque contraxit,

Fest. p. 262 Müll.:

ut venditores, cum aedes fundumve vendiderint rutis caesis receptis, concedant tamen aliquid emptori, quod ornandi causā apte et loco positum esse videatur,

Cic. Top. 26, 100: dicet te ne in rutis quidem et caesis solium tibl fraternum recepisse, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226.

tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, 2 ( perf. subj. tetinerim, Pac. ap. Non. 178, 15:

tetinerit,

Att. ib. 178, 12:

tetinisse,

Pac. ib. 178, 11; fut. perf. tetinero, acc. to Fest. p. 252 Müll. Another collat. form of the perf. tenivi, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; Diom. pp. 363 and 369 ib.), v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan-; Gr. tanumai, teinô; Sanscr. tanomi, to stretch, spread; this root appears in many derived meanings; cf. Lat.: tendo, tenuis, tener, tenor, tenus].

Act., to hold, keep, have in the hand, in the mouth, etc.

Lit.

In gen.: Eu. Porrige bracchium, prehende: jam tenes? Cha. Teneo. Eu. Tene, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 42; cf.

argentum,

id. Pers. 3, 3, 9:

cum pyxidem teneret in manu,

Cic. Cael. 26, 63;

for which: aliquid manu,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; Ov. M. 11, 560; id. A. A. 1, 320; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 34:

aliquid dextrā,

Ov. F. 1, 99:

digitis,

id. ib. 2, 102; id. M. 9, 86; 9, 522:

lacertis,

id. ib. 2, 100 al.:

radicem ore,

Cic. Div. 2, 68, 141:

cibum ore,

Phaedr. 1, 4, 6;

for which: decoctum diu in ore,

Plin. 25, 13, 105, § 166:

aliquem in sinu,

Ov. H. 3, 114;

for which: aliquem sinu,

id. ib. 13, 157:

flabellulum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:

facem,

Verg. A. 6, 224:

telum,

Liv. 2, 19. — Prov.: manu tenere aliquid, to seize, grasp, or comprehend a thing which is palpable or evident: aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias: leges, quātenus manu tenere possunt;

philosophi, quātenus ratione et intellegentiā,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; cf.:

cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur,

id. Clu. 7, 20. —

In partic.

With the accessory idea of possession, to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one ' s power, possess, etc. (syn.:

possideo, habeo): multa hereditatibus, multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuriā,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:

quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 21:

Evander qui multis ante tempestatibus tenuerat loca,

Liv. 1, 5:

provinciam a praedonibus liberam,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 32:

colles praesidiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 43:

Formiarum moenia et Lirim,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 8:

tenente Caesare terras,

id. ib. 3, 14, 15:

rem publicam,

Cic. Mur. 39, 83; id. Sest. 19, 44:

summam imperii,

Caes. B. G. 3, 22:

equitum centurias,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3:

alterum cornu,

to command, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3:

provincias aliaque omnia,

Sall. C. 39, 2: scenam, to have sole possession of. [p. 1854] rule over, Suet. Tit. 7. —

Of the possession of the object of affection: te tenet,

Tib. 1, 6, 35; 2, 6, 52; Verg. E. 1, 32; Ov. H. 2, 103 Ruhnk.; 15, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 3; Phaedr. 2, 2, 4.—In colloq. lang., teneo te, I have you once more, of again seeing the beloved person:

teneone te, Antiphila, maxime animo exoptata meo?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 27 Ruhnk.; Sen. Ben. 7, 4; Ov. H. 18, 183; cf.:

et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat Ingrediens,

Verg. A. 8, 308.—Also like our I have you (fast, bound, etc.):

teneo te, inquam, nam ista Academiae est propria sententia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Quint. 20, 63.— Absol.: qui tenent (sc. rem publicam), who are in possession of the State, of public affairs:

qui tenent, qui potiuntur,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 2, 18, 1. —

With the accessory idea of firmness, persistence, to hold fast, occupy; to watch, guard, defend; to maintain, retain a thing:

legio locum non tenuit atque in proximum collem se recepit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44:

montes teneri,

id. B. G. 3, 2:

haec noctu firmis praesidiis tenebantur,

id. ib. 7, 69:

Capitolia celsa tenebat,

Verg. A. 8, 653:

quo teneam Protea nodo?

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 90:

te neque intra Claustra tenebo,

id. C. 3, 11, 44; cf.:

in manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: laqueis (se) sensit teneri... fugam frustra tentabat;

at illam Lenta tenet radix exsultantemque coërcet,

Ov. M. 11, 74 sq.; 1, 535:

Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

agri qui diu aquam tenent,

Pall. Apr. 2, 4:

classem ibi tenebat,

Liv. 31, 46, 8: secundissimo vento cursum tenere, to hold or keep one ' s course, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:

vento intermisso cursum non tenuit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 4, 28; so,

cursum,

Cic. Planc. 21, 52; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3 fin.; Quint. 4, 3, 13:

quo iter,

Verg. A. 1, 370; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 10:

(lunam) fingunt cursus viam sub sole tenere,

Lucr. 5, 714:

tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar,

Liv. 29, 32, 6.—

With the accessory idea of reaching the object aimed at, to reach, attain a place:

montes effuso cursu Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere,

Liv. 1, 37, 4:

regionem,

id. 30, 25, 11:

Tenum,

id. 36, 21, 1:

terram,

id. 37, 16, 4; 37, 11, 5; 37, 13, 4;

26, 29, 4: Hesperiam,

Ov. F. 1, 498:

portus,

id. H. 18, 198; Tac. Agr. 38 fin.:

cum quibus (navibus) Cythnum insulam tenuit,

id. H. 2, 9.—

With the accessory idea of movement impeded, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay, etc.:

naves, quae vento tenebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 22:

quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit, quem diutius tenui, quia, etc.,

Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1:

si id te non tenet, advola,

id. Fam. 16, 19:

septimum jam diem Corcyrae tenebamur,

id. ib. 16, 7 init.:

Marcellum ab gerundis rebus valetudo adversa Nolae tenuit,

Liv. 24, 20, 7:

non tenebo te pluribus,

Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; cf. absol.:

ne diutius teneam,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34: solutum (corpus) tenere, Cels. praef. med.; cf.

ventrem,

id. 4, 19 med.:

tene linguam,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

pecus omne tenendum,

Verg. G. 2, 371:

vix a te videor posse tenere manus,

Ov. Am. 1, 4, 10; so,

manus,

id. M. 13, 203; cf.:

manum stomachumque teneto,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 44:

saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana,

id. C. 1, 18, 13:

et Phoebi tenuere viam,

i. e. impeded, closed up, Luc. 5, 136:

quo me decet usque teneri?

Verg. A. 5, 384:

lacrimas,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,

lacrimas in morte miserā non tenebamus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:

dictator exercitum in stativis tenebat,

Liv. 6, 14, 1. —

Esp.: se tenere, to keep back, remain, stay:

Sabinus castris sese tenebat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 45, 2:

nullā clade acceptā castris se pavidus tenebat,

id. 3, 26, 3:

Hasdrubal procul ab hoste intervallo tenebat se,

id. 23, 26, 2:

se domi a conventu remotum tenere,

Nep. Dion, 9, 1:

ego tamen teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,

restrain myself, refrain, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:

nec se tenuit, quin, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 4, 12; cf.

mid.: teneri non potui, quin tibi apertius illud idem his litteris declararem,

id. Att. 15, 14, 2; Just. 6, 7, 10; cf.:

se intra silentium tenuit,

Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8:

multum me intra silentium tenui,

id. ib. 7, 6, 6.—

Trop.

In gen., to hold, contain in the mind, to conceive, comprehend, know (syn.:

percipio, intellego): nunc ego teneo, nunc scio, Quid sit hoc negotii,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 39: tenes Quorsum haec tendant quae loquor, id. Ps. 1, 2, 81:

tenes, quid dicam?

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22:

teneo,

I understand, id. And. 1, 1, 59:

teneo quid erret,

id. 3, 2, 18; Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quibus capiatur Caesar, tenes, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 5:

quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus... Lyciis tenentur,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 25:

quoniam ea, quae tenebatis ipsi, etiam ex me audire voluistis,

id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

alicujus reconditos sensus,

id. Sest. 10, 22:

quo pacto cuncta tenerem,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 8:

et teneo melius ista,

Mart. 4, 37, 7.—With inf.:

nullus frugi esse homo potest, nisi qui et bene facere et male tenet,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 10; Lucr. 3, 647.—

In partic.

To have possession of, have the mastery of, to control any thing:

cum rem publicam opes paucorum non virtutes tenere coeperunt,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51.—

To hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist (syn. servo):

sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publicā semper habui, tenuero,

Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27:

ordinem,

id. ib. 5, 13, 35:

portum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

statum,

id. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

non tenebat ornatum suum civitas,

id. ib. 1, 27, 43:

si jus suum populi teneant,

id. ib. 1, 32, 48:

nec diutius umquam tenetur idem rei publicae modus,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

est boni viri, haec duo tenere in amicitiā, etc.,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

morem,

id. Off. 3, 10, 44; so id. Fl. 7, 15; Verg. A. 3, 408:

foedus,

Cic. Balb. 15, 34:

tenebat non modo auctoritatem, sed etiam imperium in suos,

id. Sen. 11, 37:

silentium,

Liv. 1, 28, 8.—

To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist:

illud arcte tenent accurateque defendunt, voluptatem esse summum bonum,

hold fast, maintain, Cic. Par. 1, 3, 14; cf.:

illud, quod multos annos tenuisset,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 71; and:

quod idem Peripatetici non tenent,

id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

propositum tenere,

to maintain, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 1:

suas leges,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 13:

causam apud centumviros,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

quo causae teste tenentur,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 43:

locum quendam cum aliquo,

Cic. Brut. 21, 81.— With ne:

plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur,

Liv. 4, 30, 16:

ne quid ferretur ad populum, patres tenuere,

id. 3, 29, 8; 24, 19, 7. — With ut:

tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur,

Liv. 2, 42, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:

scripseram tenuisse Varenum ut sibi evocare testes liceret,

Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 1.—

Of memory:

alicujus memoriam cum summā benevolentiā tenere,

to recollect, preserve a recollection of, Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1.—Esp.:

memoriā tenere: memoriā tenetis, compluris in Capitolio res de caelo esse percussas,

you remember, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 9, 12; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; cf.:

memoriā teneo, C. Sulpicium Gallum, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 14, 21; v. memoria; so without memoria, to bear in mind, remember, recollect:

satin' haec meministi et tenes?

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

numeros memini, si verba tenerem,

Verg. E. 9, 45:

dicta tenere,

Hor. A. P. 336; id. S. 2, 4, 8:

quem (Cyrum) omnia militum tenuisse creditum est nomina,

Quint. 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 45.—

To reach an object striven after, to gain, acquire, obtain, attain (syn. assequor):

per cursum rectum regnum tenere,

Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:

Servium Tullium post hunc captivā natum, ingenio virtute regnum tenuisse,

Liv. 4, 3, 12:

teneri res aliter non potest,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

multa tenuisse,

Liv. 42, 11, 8:

causam,

Ov. M. 13, 190.—

To hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter, etc. (syn.:

refreno, retineo): iracundiam teneat, avaritiam coërceat,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

dolorem,

id. Att. 12, 38, 2:

cupiditates,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:

somnum,

id. Brut. 80, 278:

risum,

id. Vatin. 8, 20; Hor. A. P. 5:

iram,

Curt. 4, 2, 5:

ea, quae occurrant, tenere,

to hold back, keep to themselves, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.—

Of laws, etc., to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control, etc.:

quamquam leges eum non tenent,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11; cf.:

interdicto non teneri,

id. Caecin. 14, 41:

voto quodam et promisso teneri,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent,

Liv. 8, 12, 14; cf.:

olim patricii dicebant se plebi scitis non teneri,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3:

cum velut in controverso jure esset, tenerenturne patres plebi scitis, legem tulere, ut quod tributim plebis jussisset, populum teneret,

Liv. 3, 55, 3:

teneri alienis foederibus,

id. 24, 29, 11: poenā teneri, to be subject or liable to, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

testibus in re perspicuā teneri,

to be convicted, id. Caecin. 2, 4; cf.: nemo ita in manifesto peccatu tenebatur, ut, etc., id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:

caedis teneri,

Quint. 5, 14, 11:

teneri repetundarum,

Tac. A. 11, 7 fin.:

furti,

Dig. 6, 1, 4:

injuriarum,

ib. 47, 10, 11:

mandati,

ib. 17, 1, 10.— Transf.:

nisi illi ipsi, qui eas (libidines) frangere deberent, cupiditatis ejusdem tenerentur,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31 Mos. and Orell. N. cr. —

Of dispositions, desires, etc., to possess, occupy, control:

quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc.,

has had possession of you, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:

summum me eorum (librorum) studium tenet,

id. Att. 1, 11, 3:

magna me spes tenet,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

de triumpho nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit,

id. Att. 7, 2, 6:

si consilio pulso libidines iracundiaeve tenerent omnia,

id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

nisi forte quem inhonesta et perniciosa libido tenet,

Sall. J. 3, 4: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled or influenced, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45; so,

teneri desiderio,

id. Sen. 10, 33:

studio philosophiae,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:

magno amore,

Verg. A. 1, 675:

pompā, ludis atque ejusmodi spectaculis teneri,

to be enchained, fascinated, Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48; cf.:

ut oculi picturā teneantur, aures cantibus,

id. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

is qui audit, ab oratore jam obsessus est ac tenetur,

id. Or. 62, 210.—With ne, Ov. M. 7, 146. —

To take in, comprise, comprehend, include:

haec magnos formula reges, Excepto sapiente, tenet,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 46.—More freq. pass.: teneri aliquā re, to be contained, comprised, grounded, to consist in a thing:

ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:

id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate,

id. Off. 1, 45, 160:

quae (causae) familiaritate et consuetudine tenentur,

id. Fam. 13, 29, 1:

dixi jam antea, ipsam rationem arandi spe magis et jucunditate quadam quam fructu atque emolumento teneri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227.

Neutr. (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.).

Lit.

To hold a position anywhere, maintain one ' s self:

quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat,

Liv. 32, 5, 12:

duo extra ordinem milia tenuere,

id. 3, 62, 7:

tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis,

Verg. A. 2, 505.—

For cursum tenere, to hold or take one ' s way, to sail, steer in any direction:

Aeneam... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse,

Liv. 1, 1, 4:

Cassandream petentes, primo ad Mendin tenuere,

Liv. 31, 45, 14:

ad Mendaeum,

id. 21, 49, 2:

Diam,

Ov. M. 3, 690:

Creten,

id. ib. 13, 706:

Hesperiam,

id. F. 1, 498:

Ausoniam,

id. ib. 4, 290 al.:

medio tutissimus ibis... Inter utrumque tene,

Ov. M. 2, 140.—

Trop., with the accessory idea of continuance (cf. I. A. 2. b. and B. 2. b. supra), to hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail, etc. (cf. obtineo):

imber per noctem totam tenuit,

Liv. 23, 44, 6; cf.:

incendium per duas noctes ac diem unum tenuit,

id. 24, 47, 15:

per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit,

id. 2, 3, 5; 3, 47, 6:

tenet fama, lupam, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 6:

quod nunc quoque tenet nomen,

id. 1, 17, 6:

fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio,

id. 23, 12, 2; 21, 46, 10:

tenuit consuetudo, quae cottidie magis invalescit, ut, etc.,

Quint. 2, 1, 1 Spald.; so,

consuetudo, ut, etc.,

id. 8, 5, 2:

nomen illud tenet,

id. 9, 4, 47 Spald.; cf. Ov. M. 1, 712.

torreo, torrui, tostum ( part. gen. plur. torrentum, Stat. Th. 2, 6; Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 46; abl. torrenti, Sen. Brev. Vit. 9, 2), 2, v. a. [Sanscr. tarsh, to thirst; Gr. tersomai, to become dry; Germ. Durst.; Engl. thirst], to dry a thing by heat, to parch, roast, bake, scorch, burn, etc. (syn. frigo):

fruges receptas Et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo,

Verg. A. 1, 179; Ov. M. 14; 273:

aristas sole novo,

Verg. A. 7, 720:

pisces sole,

Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 30:

apes mortuas sole verno,

id. 11, 20, 22, § 69:

uvam in tegulis,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84 et saep.; Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 2:

etiamsi in Phalaridis tauro inclusus succensis ignibus torrebatur,

Cic. Pis. 18, 42: e quibus (terrae cingulis) medium illum et maximum solis ardore torreri, id. Rep. 6, 20, 21:

cum undique flamma torrerentur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 43:

montes quos torret Atabulus,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 78; cf.:

torrentia agros sidera,

id. C. 3, 1, 31: tosti alti stant parietes, i. e. consumed, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 116 Vahl.):

carmina flammā,

Tib. 1, 9, 50:

tostos en aspice crines,

Ov. M. 2, 283:

in veribus exta,

to roast, Verg. G. 2, 396:

aliquid in igne,

Ov. F. 2, 578:

artus subjecto igni,

id. M. 1, 229:

carnem,

id. ib. 12, 155 et saep.—Of fever heat, to dry up:

at mihi (vae miserae) torrentur febribus artus,

Ov. H. 21, 169:

febris viscera ipsa torrens,

Sen. Ep. 14, 6; Juv. 9, 17.—Of thirst:

et Canis arenti torreat arva siti,

Tib. 1, 4, 42.—Of the heat of love:

si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum (Venus),

Hor. C. 4, 1, 12; cf.:

correptus saevo Veneris torrebar aëno,

Prop. 3 (4). 24, 13:

torret amor Cyri Lycorida,

Hor. C. 1, 33, 6:

me torret face mutuā Calais,

id. ib. 3, 9, 13:

me amor Glycerae,

id. ib. 3, 19, 28:

femineus pectora torret amor,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 40.—

Transf., of cold, to nip, pinch (cf. uro and aduro): frigore torret, Varr. ap. Non. 452, 11. — Hence, torrens, entis, P. a., in a neutr. sense, burning, hot, inflamed.

Lit. (rare):

terra torrens aestu,

Col. 4, 19, 3:

miles torrens meridiano sole,

Liv. 44, 38, 9:

Sirius,

Verg. G. 4, 425:

flammae,

id. A. 6, 550.— Comp.: Sirius torrentior, Claud. Nupt. Hon. et Mar. 20.— Sup.:

torrentissimus axis,

Stat. S. 3, 1, 52.—

Transf., of streams, rushing, roaring, boiling, impetuous, rapid, etc. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

fluvii,

Varr. R. R. 1, 12, 3:

flumina,

Verg. E. 7, 52:

Nilus toto gurgite,

Val. Fl. 4, 409; cf.:

fluvius Novanus solstitiis torrens,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 229; 3, 4, 5, § 33:

aqua,

Verg. A. 10, 603:

unda,

id. G. 2, 451:

torrentes rapidique cursus amnium,

Just. 44, 1, 7; 4, 1, 9:

impetus (aquae),

Sen. Ep. 23, 8:

sanguis,

Luc. 2, 220; cf.

fatum,

id. 7, 505.— Comp.:

Padus torrentior,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.— Sup.:

Asopos torrentissimus,

Stat. Th. 7, 316.—Hence,

Subst.: torrens, entis, m., a torrent:

cum fertur quasi torrens oratio,

Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 3; Liv. 33, 18, 12; 35, 28, 8:

rapidus montano flumine torrens Sternit agros,

Verg. A. 2, 305:

fragosus,

id. ib. 7, 567; Ov. R. Am. 651:

tumidus,

id. Am. 1, 7, 43; Sen. Theb. 71; Juv. 6, 319; Luc. 7, 637.—Prov.:

numquam direxit bracchia contra torrentem,

Juv. 4, 90. —

Transf.:

armorum et virorum,

Sil. 12, 189:

umbrarum,

id. 13, 760; cf.

fortunae,

Flor. 2, 7, 1.—

Trop., of speech:

torrens dicentis oratio,

Quint. 3, 8, 60; so,

oratio,

Plin. 26, 3, 7, § 12:

copia dicendi,

Juv. 10, 9; Val. Fl. 4, 261.— Comp.:

sermo Promptus et Isaeo torrentior,

Juv. 3, 74.—Of an orator:

quem (Demosthenem) mirabantur Athenae Torrentem,

Juv. 10, 128.—

Subst.:

se inani verborum torrenti dare,

a stream of words, Quint. 10, 7, 23; cf.:

quo torrente, quo impetu,

Tac. Or. 24.—

* Adv.: torrenter (acc. to B.), violently, impetuously:

torrentius amne Hiberno,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 198.