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21 ضمني
ضِمْنِيّ \ implicit: understood but not expressed: He did not answer my written offer of a job; this was an implicit refusal. tacit: understood but not spoken: a tacit agreement. \ ضَمِير \ conscience: the feeling that tells us whether we are doing right or wrong: If we do wrong, we have a guilty conscience. person: one of the three classes of pronoun: the first person (I, we); the second person (you); the third person (he, she, it, they). pronoun: a word (such as you, him, mine) that stands in place of a noun. \ ضَمِير الغائبة المتّصل \ her: the possessive adjective for a female: A mother loves her children, the object form of the personal pronoun she My wife wants you to help her. Tell him but don’t tell her. \ ضَمِير المُتَكلِّم الجَمْع في حالة الإضافة \ our: belonging to us: We make our own bread. \ ضَمِير المُتَكلِّم الجَمْع في حالتي النصب والجرّ \ us: the object form of we: She bought us a drink. \ ضَمِير المُتَكلِّم المُفْرَد \ I: object form me and pl.. we, also possessive forms mine and my pron. the pronoun that one uses in regard to oneself. \ ضَمِير المُتَكلِّم المُفْرَد في حالة الإضافة \ my: belonging to me: my house. \ ضَمِير المُتَكلِّم المُفْرَد في حالتي النَّصب والجَرّ \ me: the object form of the pronoun I: He hit me. he gave me a present. She gave a present to me. \ ضَمِير المخاطَب في حالة الإضافة \ your: belonging to you: This is your dinner; I’ve eaten mine. Have you cut your finger?. \ ضَمِير المذكّر الغائب المتصل المنصوب أو المجرور \ him: strong him/ pron. the object form of the pronoun he: Follow that man - stop him and give him this letter. -
22 current
1. adjective1) (in general circulation or use) kursierend, umlaufend [Geld, Geschichte, Gerücht]; verbreitet [Meinung]; gebräuchlich [Wort]; gängig [Redensart]2) laufend [Jahr, Monat]in the current year — in diesem Jahr
3) (belonging to the present time) aktuell [Ereignis, Mode]; Tages[politik, -preis]; gegenwärtig [Krise, Aufregung]current issue/edition — letzte Ausgabe/neueste Auflage
2. nouncurrent affairs — Tagespolitik, die; aktuelle Fragen
1) (of water, air) Strömung, dieair/ocean current — Luft-/Meeresströmung, die
swim against/with the current — gegen den/mit dem Strom schwimmen
3) (running stream) Strömung, die* * *1. adjective(of or belonging to the present: current affairs; the current month; the current temperature.) gegenwärtig2. noun•- academic.ru/17914/currently">currently- current account* * *cur·rent[ˈkʌrənt, AM ˈkɜ:r-]to dress according to the \current fashion sich akk modisch kleidenthe \current issue die letzte [o aktuelle] Ausgabe\current liabilities ECON laufende Verbindlichkeitenin \current use gebräuchlichthe \current vogue die aktuelle [o herrschende] Modethe \current year dieses Jahrthe \current yield der derzeitige ErtragII. n1. (of air, water) Strömung f\current of air Luftströmung focean \currents Meeresströmungen plto swim against/with the \current gegen/mit dem Strom schwimmen a. figthe \current of events der Strom der Ereignisse\current of fashion Modetrend mthe \current of opinion der Meinungstrend* * *['kʌrənt]1. adj(= present) augenblicklich, gegenwärtig; policy, price aktuell; research, month, week laufend; edition letzte(r, s); (= prevalent) opinion verbreitet; spelling, word gebräuchlichto be no longer current — nicht mehr aktuell sein; (coins) nicht mehr in Umlauf sein
a current rumour — ein Gerücht, das zurzeit in Umlauf ist
current affairs — Tagespolitik f, aktuelle Fragen pl, Aktuelle(s) nt
2. nwith/against the current — mit dem/gegen den Strom
air/ocean current — Luft-/Meeresströmung f or -strom m
to go against the current of popular opinion — gegen den Strom or die Strömung der öffentlichen Meinung anschwimmen
to go with the current of popular opinion —
if you try to go against the current of events — wenn Sie versuchen, gegen den Strom der Ereignisse anzuschwimmen
the current of public feeling is now in favour of/against... — die öffentliche Meinung tendiert zur Befürwortung/Ablehnung von...
a politician who ignores the current of popular opinion — ein Politiker, der die Tendenz(en) der öffentlichen Meinung or den Trend (in) der öffentlichen Meinung unbeachtet lässt
* * *1. laufend (Jahr, Monat etc):current business laufende Geschäfte pl2. gegenwärtig, jetzig, augenblicklich, aktuell:current value WIRTSCH gegenwärtiger Marktwert3. umlaufend, kursierend (Geld, Gerücht etc):be current kursieren, in Umlauf sein4. allgemein bekannt oder verbreitet5. üblich, geläufig, gebräuchlich:not in current use nicht allgemein üblich;the word is no longer in current use das Wort wird nicht mehr verwendet7. WIRTSCHa) (markt)gängig (Ware)b) gültig (Geld)c) kurs-, verkehrsfähig8. obs fließend, flüssig, leichtB s1. Strömung f, Strom m (beide auch fig):against the current gegen den Strom;2. figa) Trend m, Tendenz fb) (Ver)Lauf m, Gang m3. ELEK Strom mcur. abk2. currentP/C abk* * *1. adjective1) (in general circulation or use) kursierend, umlaufend [Geld, Geschichte, Gerücht]; verbreitet [Meinung]; gebräuchlich [Wort]; gängig [Redensart]2) laufend [Jahr, Monat]3) (belonging to the present time) aktuell [Ereignis, Mode]; Tages[politik, -preis]; gegenwärtig [Krise, Aufregung]current issue/edition — letzte Ausgabe/neueste Auflage
2. nouncurrent affairs — Tagespolitik, die; aktuelle Fragen
1) (of water, air) Strömung, dieair/ocean current — Luft-/Meeresströmung, die
swim against/with the current — gegen den/mit dem Strom schwimmen
3) (running stream) Strömung, die4) (tendency of events, opinions, etc.) Tendenz, die; Trend, der* * *adj.aktuell adj.derzeitig (jetzig) adj.gegenwärtig adj.geläufig adj.gängig adj.jetzig adj.laufend adj.momentan adj. n.Lauf -e m.Strom ¨-e m.Strömung -en f. -
23 fellow
1. nouna good fellow — ein guter Kumpel (ugs.)
2. attributive adjectivewell, young fellow — nun, junger Mann
fellow worker — Kollege, der/Kollegin, die
fellow man or human being — Mitmensch, der
fellow sufferer — Leidensgenosse, der/-genossin, die
my fellow teachers/workers — etc. meine Lehrer-/Arbeitskollegen usw.
fellow student — Kommilitone, der/Kommilitonin, die
* * *['feləu] 1. noun1) (a man: He's quite a nice fellow but I don't like him.) der Kerl2) ((often as part of a word) a companion and equal: She is playing with her schoolfellows.) der Gefährte/die Gefährtin3) (a member of certain academic societies; a member of the governing body or teaching staff of a college.)2. adjective(belonging to the same group, country etc: a fellow student; a fellow music-lover.) Mit-...- fellowship- fellow-feeling* * *fel·low[ˈfeləʊ, AM -oʊ]I. nhe's not the sort of \fellow who makes friends easily er ist nicht der Typ, der sich leicht mit jdm anfreundetII. adj attr, inv\fellow countryman Landsmann m, Landsmännin f\fellow countrymen Landsleute pl\fellow student Kommilitone, Kommilitonin m, f\fellow sufferer Leidensgenosse, -genossin m, f\fellow worker Arbeitskollege, -kollegin m, f* * *I ['feləʊ]na nice/friendly fellow — ein netter/freundlicher Kerl
a clever fellow — ein gescheiter Bursche, ein cleverer Typ (inf)
an old fellow — ein alter Mann or Knabe
look here, old fellow — hör mal her, alter Junge (inf)
this journalist fellow —
who is this fellow? — wer ist denn der Typ (inf) or Kerl da?
this fellow here — dieser Herr, dieser Typ (inf); (rude) dieser Kerl hier
I'm not the sort of fellow who... — ich bin nicht der Typ, der...
a fellow needs a bit of rest sometimes (inf) — man braucht doch auch mal 'ne Pause (inf)
See:→ research fellow5) (of things = one of a pair) Gegenstück ntIIprefour fellow bankers/doctors — unsere Kollegen pl (im Bankwesen/in der Ärzteschaft), unsere Berufskollegen pl
our fellow guests — die anderen Gäste
fellow member (in club) — Klubkamerad(in) m(f); (in party) Parteigenosse m/-genossin f
fellow student — Kommilitone m, Kommilitonin f
fellow sufferer — Leidensgenosse m/-genossin f
fellow worker — Kollege m, Kollegin f, Mitarbeiter(in) m(f)
"fellow Americans..." — "meine lieben amerikanischen Mitbürger..."
* * *fellow [ˈfeləʊ]A s1. Gefährte m, Gefährtin f, Genosse m, Genossin f, Kamerad(in):fellows in misery Leidensgenossen2. Mitmensch m, Zeitgenosse m, -genossin f3. umg Kerl m, Bursche m, Typ m:good fellow guter Kerl, netter Mensch;a jolly fellow ein fideles Haus;my dear fellow mein lieber Freund!;old fellow alter Knabe iron;a fellow man, einer;a fellow can’t be too careful man kann nicht vorsichtig genug sein4. umg Typ m, Kerl m, Freund m (eines Mädchens)be fellows zusammengehören;where is the fellow to this glove? wo ist der andere Handschuh?6. Gleichgestellte(r) m/f(m), Ebenbürtige(r) m/f(m):he will never find his fellow er wird nie seinesgleichen finden7. UNIV Fellow m:b) Inhaber(in) eines Forschungsstipendiumsc) US Student(in) höheren Semesters8. Fellow m, Mitglied n (einer gelehrten etc Gesellschaft):B adj Mit…:fellow citizen Mitbürger(in);fellow countryman Landsmann m;fellow countrywoman Landsmännin f;a) Mitgefühl n,b) Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl n;b) POL Mitläufer(in)c) Anhänger(in) und Verfechter(in) (kommunistischer) politischer Ideen, der (die) nicht eingeschriebenes Parteimitglied ist;consult one’s fellow doctors ( teachers, etc) seine Kollegen um Rat fragen; → townsman 2, townswoman 2* * *1. nouna good fellow — ein guter Kumpel (ugs.)
well, young fellow — nun, junger Mann
2. attributive adjectiveold or dear fellow — alter Junge od. Knabe (ugs.)
fellow worker — Kollege, der/Kollegin, die
fellow man or human being — Mitmensch, der
fellow sufferer — Leidensgenosse, der/-genossin, die
my fellow teachers/workers — etc. meine Lehrer-/Arbeitskollegen usw.
fellow student — Kommilitone, der/Kommilitonin, die
* * *n.Bursche -n m.Gefährte -n m.Kamerad -en m.Kerl -e m.Mannsbild n. -
24 AF
of* * *prep. w. dat.I. Of place:1) off, from;G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;land af landi, from one land to the other;hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;2) out of;verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.II. Of time; past, beyond:af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.III. In various other relations:1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;2) off, of;höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;3) of, among;hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;4) with;hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;5) of (= ór which is more frequent);húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;8) by, of (after passive);ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;9) on account of, by reason of, by;úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;af ástæld hans, by his popularity;af því, therefore;af hví, wherefor why;af því at, because;10) by means of, by;framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;af sínu fé, by one’s own means;absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;11) with adjectives, in regard to;mildr af fé, liberal of money;góðr af griðum, merciful;fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to drink;12) used absol. with a verb, off away;hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.* * *prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.A. Loc.I. With motion, off, from:1. prop. corresp. to á,α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).II. WITHOUT MOTION:1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.C. In various other relations:I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.2. where an object is taken by force:α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words. -
25 KENNA
* * *(-da, -dr), v.1) to know, recognize (Flosi kenndi Kára, er hann kom í stofuna);2) to know as one’s own, claim (kenna sér land);3) to assign or attribute to one (þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey);kenna e-m barn, to father a child upon one;4) kenna e-m e-t, to lay to one’s charge, impute (ef hann væri sannr verks þessa, er honum var kennt);kenna e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing (Þorgeirr vildi ekki, at brœðrum hans mætti um kenna);5) to taste food or drink (kenna e-t or e-s);6) to feel, perceive, with acc. and gen. (ek kennda þín eigi, er þú hvíldir á brjósti mér);kenna sætan ilm, to perceive a sweet smell;kenna hita (kulda) af e-u, to feel heat (cold) from;kenna aflsmunar, liðsmunar, to feel the odds;hón kenndi í meira lagi, she felt considerable pain;absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, it began to darken;mér kennir heiptar við e-n, I feel hatred against one;kenna niðr, to touch the bottom (en er skipin kenndu niðr, þá gekk jarl á land);7) to show, bear witness of (virðist mér ákall þetta meirr kenna ranglætis en réttvísi);8) to call, name;kenna e-t við e-n, to call after one (Helgi trúði á Krist, ok kenndi því við hann bústað sinn);9) in poetry, to call by a periphrastic name (hvernig skal kenna sól, vind);10) kenna e-m e-t, to teach one a thing (kenna e-m rétta trú ok góða siðu);ek hefi kennt þér írsku at mæla, I have taught thee to speak Irish;11) to make one do a thing (kenna e-m bíta);12) refl., kennast, to seem, appear (Ulfr kennist mér vitr maðr);recipr., svá var myrkt, at þeir kenndust eigi, that they did not know one another;goldit var honum þetta svá, at hann mun lengi kennast, he was repaid for this in a way that he will long remember;kennast við, to recognize (kenndist hann af því þegar við mennina); to confess, acknowledge (at þeir mætti við kennast sinn lítilleik).* * *d, kennig, Hm. 164; part. kennandisk, Bs. i. 322, H. E. i. 499, Dipl. iv. 8; [Goth. kunnan; A. S. knáwan; Old Engl. and Scot. ken; Dan. kjende; Swed. känna]:—to ken, know, recognise; þú kennir konu þá er heitir Oddný, Fms. vii. 103, Hkv. 2. 12; hann kenndi hann þegar, Nj. 9; Flosi kenndi Kára er hann kom í stofuna, 282; hann kenndi skipit, því at hann hafði þat skip séð fyrr, Eg. 120; þar kenndi Ingimundr lönd þau er honum var til vísat, Landn. 175, Sd. 186; þóttisk hann kenna sitt mark á vísu þessari, Fms. iii. 20: with infin., þeir kenndu at þat var Eirekr viðsjá, Ísl. ii. 335; er þetta hann Skalla-grímr? Grímr sagði at hann kenndi rétt, Eg. 112; kennir þú nökkut til gripa þessara! Nj. 75.II. kenna sér e-t, to know as one’s own, claim; kenna sér land, Grág. ii. 204; hann á eigi þat er hann kennir sér, 219; Ingimundr kenndi sér fimm víntunnur … þú munt kenna þér þat er aðrir menn eigu, Bs. i. 433; því kenndi hvárr-tveggi sér nautin, Landn. 47; at enginn dirfi sik at kenna sér þat er hann görir eigi, Al. 88; ek spyrr hverr sér kenni M. M. at þingmanni, Grág. i. 19.III. to acknowledge as belonging to another, attribute to him; öll vár góðverk eru honum at kenna ok eigna, Stj. 25; þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey, Hkr. i. 16; hér er tunglinu kennt embætti sólarinnar, Skálda 211; k. e-m barn, to father a child upon one, Bs. i. 807, K. Á. 16; var sveinn sá kenndr Jóni er Þórarinn hét, Sturl. i. 223; þó at hann sé kenndr nokkurum manni at syni, Grág. ii. 113, (kenningar-son, a natural son): cp. the phrase, þar er enginn kenndr sem hann kemr ekki, no one is known where he comes not, i. e. men had better keep aloof from where they have no business to be.2. to lay to one’s charge, impute; Ásbjörn kenndi sér völd um þat harðrétti, Rd. 249; Eva kenndi sína synd orminum, Stj. 37; ef þeim eru engir laga-lestir kenndir, Grág. ii. 41; ef meiri eru ráð kennd um konu-nám þeim manni, i. 335; ef hann væri sannr verks þessa er honum var kennt, Fms. ii. 73; Sigurðr taldi þat úsatt sem Ingi konungr kenndi þeim, vii. 242; þeir kenndu honum, at hann hefði verit at vígi Benteins, 224; kenndi þat hvárr öðrum, at ekki héldi þat er mælt var, 248; það er mér að kenna, it is brought home to me; yðr er þat kenna, Am. 51: k. e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing; Þorgeirr vildi ekki at bræðrum hans mætti um kenna, hvat sem í görðisk, Nj. 252; kenndu þeir því mest um, at Kjartan hafði þegit skikkjuna, Fms. x. 295.IV. to know, perceive, feel, taste, scent; þegar hirðin hafði kennt ( tasted) fyrsta rétt, Fas. iii. 302; þeir kenna svá sætan ilm at þeir höfðu aldri fyrr slíkan kenndan, Fms. i. 228; kenna fúlt, to perceive a foul smell, Hallfred; kenna daun, Fms. viii. 230; þeir brugðu í munn sér ok þóttusk ekki jafnsætt kennt hafa, Fb. i. 539; hundarnir röktu sporin, þvíat þeir kenndu ( got scent of) af hreinstökunum, Ó. H. 152; kenndi djákninn ekki ( he felt not) at þeir lægi á honum, Bs. i. 464; hón kenndi ( she felt pain) í meira lagi, þá er nálgaðisk hátíð Þorláks biskups, 323.β. kenna niðr (or niðri), to touch the bottom; en er skipin kenndu niðr þá gékk jarl á land, Hkr. i. 206; ok er skipit kenndi niðr, hlupu þeir fyrir borð, Grett. 97, Fms. viii. 317, ix. 23; svá var djúpt á bæði borð, at forkarnir kenndu eigi niðr, it was so deep that the boat-hooks did not reach the bottom, Ld. 56; þá er skipit flaut ok eigi kenndi niðr, 78.γ. absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, i. e. it began to darken, Sturl. iii. 217 C; þá kenndi ( one could scent) ór laukinum, Fbr. 215; þá er maðr heilundi er köra (acc. or gen.?) kennir inn til heila-basta, Grág. ii. 91.2. with prepp.; kenna af (á, at), to perceive, see; þess kennir nú at (af?) at þér þykkir ek févani, it is clear that …, I see that …, Eb. 38; kenndi þess mjök á ( it was much to be seen) um marga Upplendinga, at ílla hafði líkat aftaka Þóris, Ó. H. 188; þess kenna margir af, at þú ert frændstórr, Fb. ii. 270; deyr allt þat er af kennir ( all die that taste or smell of it), þeir deyja þegar er þeir kenna af, Rb. 352:—kenna til, to smart, feel pain, ache, freq. in mod. usage.3. with gen. to have feeling of, feel; kenna mæði, lo be exhausted, Eg. 124; hjarta manns kennir alls, Skálda 169; kenna sóttar, to feel sickness; kona kennir sér sóttar, of childbirth, Fs. 26, Fas. ii. 504, Sd. 176: kenna karlmanns, to ‘know’ a man, cohabit with, Mar.; ek kennda eigi karlmanns, barn at bera, Hom. 30; kenna aflsmunar, liðsmunar, ríkismunar, to feel the odds, be overmatched, Hkr. i. 286, Fms. iv. 331, Ld. 38; kenna harðinda, Fms. vi. 110; kenna kulda af e-u, to feel cold from, Eb. 42; k. hita af e-u, Bs. i. 42; k. odds, benja, to feel the point, the wound, Am. 59, 88; virðisk mér ákall þetta meir kenna ranglætis en réttvísi, it is more prompted by overbearing than by justice, Fb. i. 19; hón kenndi þess at þar stóð ör í, ii. 365; nú má vera at mér kenni heiptar við suma menn, that I feel hatred against somebody, Sturl. iii. 233; tók þá at kenna annars litar, it began to grow dark, 171; vínviðr var efst þar sem holta kenndi, the holts were covered with vines, Þorf. Karl. 420; kenna fæðu, to taste food, Stj. 490, 492; but also k. á fæðu, 453, 517; kenna grunns, to touch the bottom, of a ship or anything afloat, Grág. ii. 353; k. endi-skeiðs, Bragi.V. to call, name; kenna e-t við e-n, to call after one; Helgi trúði á Krist, ok kenndi því við hann bústað sinn, i. e. called it after Christ (Christness), Landn. 207; í þeim fjórðungi er dómrinn er við kenndr, in the quarter by which name the court is called, Grág. i. 65; at helga Þór allt landnám sitt ok kenna við hann, Landn. 97; k. mánuðinn við þann mann sem vatnsins gætir, Rb. 104; við þann er kennt Gunnars-holt, Nj. 29; Oddbjörn er Oddbjarnar-leið er við kennd, Eg. 102; Fleiri hlupu þeir fyrir berg, þar sem við þá er kennt síðan, Landn. 36; kenna þá með margfjölda atkvæði, address them in the plural, Sks. 312; sá var kenndr ( nicknamed) Knarrar-smiðr Ór, 43; Nótt en Nörvi kennda, i. e. Night, the daughter of Norvi, Alm. 30; hvar eru Hjörvarði haugar kenndir, where are the hows called Hjorward’s? Fas. i. 519 (in a verse); Mæringr mér of kenndr, my own sword M., Bjarn. (in a verse); hlutir er þú skal varask, at þú verðir eigi við kenndr, Sks. 358, 780; kenndr við styr, morð, connected with, Korm.2. in poetry, to call by a periphrasis or descriptive name; rétt er at kenna ( to call) hana (a woman) svá, at kalla hana selju þess er hón miðlar, Edda; hvernig skal kenna Þór?—Svá at kalla hann son Óðins …, how is Thor to be called?—Thus, call him the ‘son of Odin,’ 53: hvernig skal kenna mann?—Hanna skal k. við verk sín, 67: with prep., kona er kennd við stein, Edda; ok kenn þó hvárn til sinnar iðnar, Fms. vi. 362; konu skal k. til alls kvenn-búnaðar, Edda, etc., see Edda (Skáldskm.) passim; hence kennd heiti ( compound or circumlocutory names), opp. to ókennd heiti ( plain appellatives), Edda 49.B. In a causal sense, [Goth. kannjan = γνωρίζειν]:—to teach, with acc. of the thing, dat. of the person, or with infin. of the thing or absol.; kenna e-m íþróttir, Fms. v. 334; kenna e-m rétta trú ok góða siðu, i. 17; kenn mér engan sann, iii. 85; Gunnarr fór með öllu sem honum var ráð til kennt, as he was taught, Nj. 100; kenn þú ráðit til, Fms. x. 334; kenna e-m at flýja, Hkr. i. 149; ek hefi kennt þér Írsku at mæla, Ld. 72; kenna helgar ritningar, 623. 18; þing-kenna, to proclaim in public, N. G. L. i. 7; far sem ek kenni þér, as I tell thee, Sd. 182; ek em sunr Áka, svá er mér til kennt, so I am told, Fms. xi. 153.2. to teach in school; Andresi syni þeirra lét Herra biskup kenna ok vígði síðan, Bs. i. 716; kenna kenningar, to preach, 140; þá heyrði hann til er prestlingum var kennd íþrótt sú er grammatica heitir, 163; k. prestlingum, id.; þat kann ek it átjánda er ek æva kennig mey né manns konn, Hm. 164; ungr kenndak mér annat, I was taught otherwise when young, Fms. vi. 401 (in a verse); slíkt kennir mér at sofa lítið, Fas. ii. (in a verse).3. to teach, make one to do; kenna e-m falda rauðu, Edda (Ht.); kenna e-m bíta, lúta í gras, Lex. Poët.; kenna e-m at drúpa, Sighvat; k. e-m brautir, to shew one the way, Hðm. 12, Hbl. 56; ek mun þér stöðna kenna, 6.4. to tell; kennit mér nafn konungs, Hkv. Hjörv. 12.C. REFLEX. to feel, seem to oneself; þar er hann lætr kennask svá ágætan ilm, Fms. i. 229; Úlfr kennisk mér ( appears to one to be) vitr maðr, v. 334:—with prep., kennask við, to recognise; kenndisk hann af því þegar við mennina, Nj. 267, Bret. 48; ef engi kennisk viðr, N. G. L. i. 345; dilkunum þeim er eigi kennask ær við, Grág. ii. 312: to confess, kennask við sannan Guð, 625. 66; þeir eigu at kennask við sik, at þeir hafa vald af Guði, Gþl. 43; at þeir mætti við kennask sinn lítilleik, Edda. (pref.); ekki kennumk ek við þetta, segir Hrói, Fb. ii. 76; nefndr Skeggi viðr-kenndisk, at …, Dipl. ii. 8; nú em ek eigi svá heimskr maðr, at ek kennumk eigi við at ek hefi talat ílla, Fms. ii. 33; goldit var honum þetta svá, at hann mun lengi kennask, feel it, remember it, Edda. 30; kenndisk svá Kálfr, at, Vm. 48; ek kennumst með þessu mínu bréfi, at …, Dipl. v. 5.2. to feel, taste, touch; mold sýnisk mér, ok svá kennisk ( tastes) mér eigi síðr ostrinn er ek et, Ísl. ii. 352; hón þreifar um hann,—Barði mælti, hvé kennisk þér til, how is it to the touch? 342; slíks ek mest kennumk, Am. 52.II. recipr. to know, recognise one another; svá var myrkt at þeir kenndusk eigi, Fms. ix, 50; ef þeir höfðu hér áðr við kennsk, Grág. ii. 72.III. pass., þá kenndust ( were taught) margar ástir, Edda pref. (rare).IV. part. kenndr, vinsæll ok vel kenndr af sínum undirmönnum, Mar.; ílla kenndr, having ill report, Fs. 49.2. tipsy; kenndr af drykk, Stj. 172; hann er dálítið kenndr. -
26 peculiar
pi'kju:ljə1) (strange; odd: peculiar behaviour.) curioso, estraño2) (belonging to one person, place or thing in particular and to no other: customs peculiar to France.) peculiar, propio, característico•- peculiarly
peculiar adj raro / extraño
peculiar adjetivo 1 ( característico) particular; con su peculiar buen humor with his characteristic good humor 2 (poco común, raro) ‹ sensación› peculiar, unusual
peculiar adjetivo
1 (inusual, raro) peculiar, odd: esta comida tiene un sabor peculiar, this meal has a peculiar taste
2 (que es propio de algo/alguien) characteristic, distinctive: tiene una peculiar manera de andar, she has a distinctive way of walking ' peculiar' also found in these entries: Spanish: particular - propia - propio - singular - suya - suyo - tic - hispanismo - peregrino English: peculiar - set-uptr[pɪ'kjʊːlɪəSMALLr/SMALL]2 (particular) característico,-a (to, de), propio,-a (to, de)peculiar [pɪ'kju:ljər] adj1) distinctive: propio, peculiar, característicopeculiar to this area: propio de esta zona2) strange: extraño, raro♦ peculiarly advadj.• excéntrico, -a adj.• particular adj.• peculiar adj.• propio, -a adj.• raro, -a adj.• singular adj.pɪ'kjuːljər, pɪ'kjuːliə(r)1) ( strange) raro, extrañoto feel peculiar — tener* una sensación extraña
2) (particular, exclusive) peculiar, característicopeculiar TO something: an animal peculiar to that region un animal que sólo existe en esa región; the problem is not peculiar to this country — el problema no es exclusivo or particular de este país
[pɪ'kjuːlɪǝ(r)]ADJ1) (=strange) extraño, rarohow very peculiar! — ¡qué extraño!, ¡qué raro!
funny 1., 2)I'm feeling a bit peculiar — me siento algo raro, no me siento del todo bien
2) (=exclusive, special) peculiareveryone has their own peculiar likes and dislikes — cada uno tiene sus gustos y manías peculiares or particulares
•
a species peculiar to Africa — una especie que existe únicamente en Áfricathe style of dress peculiar to that period in history — la forma de vestir peculiar or característica or propia de esa época de la historia
* * *[pɪ'kjuːljər, pɪ'kjuːliə(r)]1) ( strange) raro, extrañoto feel peculiar — tener* una sensación extraña
2) (particular, exclusive) peculiar, característicopeculiar TO something: an animal peculiar to that region un animal que sólo existe en esa región; the problem is not peculiar to this country — el problema no es exclusivo or particular de este país
-
27 Fellow
1. nouna good fellow — ein guter Kumpel (ugs.)
2. attributive adjectivewell, young fellow — nun, junger Mann
fellow worker — Kollege, der/Kollegin, die
fellow man or human being — Mitmensch, der
fellow sufferer — Leidensgenosse, der/-genossin, die
my fellow teachers/workers — etc. meine Lehrer-/Arbeitskollegen usw.
fellow student — Kommilitone, der/Kommilitonin, die
* * *['feləu] 1. noun1) (a man: He's quite a nice fellow but I don't like him.) der Kerl2) ((often as part of a word) a companion and equal: She is playing with her schoolfellows.) der Gefährte/die Gefährtin3) (a member of certain academic societies; a member of the governing body or teaching staff of a college.)2. adjective(belonging to the same group, country etc: a fellow student; a fellow music-lover.) Mit-...- fellowship- fellow-feeling* * *fel·low[ˈfeləʊ, AM -oʊ]I. nhe's not the sort of \fellow who makes friends easily er ist nicht der Typ, der sich leicht mit jdm anfreundetII. adj attr, inv\fellow countryman Landsmann m, Landsmännin f\fellow countrymen Landsleute pl\fellow student Kommilitone, Kommilitonin m, f\fellow sufferer Leidensgenosse, -genossin m, f\fellow worker Arbeitskollege, -kollegin m, f* * *I ['feləʊ]na nice/friendly fellow — ein netter/freundlicher Kerl
a clever fellow — ein gescheiter Bursche, ein cleverer Typ (inf)
an old fellow — ein alter Mann or Knabe
look here, old fellow — hör mal her, alter Junge (inf)
this journalist fellow —
who is this fellow? — wer ist denn der Typ (inf) or Kerl da?
this fellow here — dieser Herr, dieser Typ (inf); (rude) dieser Kerl hier
I'm not the sort of fellow who... — ich bin nicht der Typ, der...
a fellow needs a bit of rest sometimes (inf) — man braucht doch auch mal 'ne Pause (inf)
See:→ research fellow5) (of things = one of a pair) Gegenstück ntIIprefour fellow bankers/doctors — unsere Kollegen pl (im Bankwesen/in der Ärzteschaft), unsere Berufskollegen pl
our fellow guests — die anderen Gäste
fellow member (in club) — Klubkamerad(in) m(f); (in party) Parteigenosse m/-genossin f
fellow student — Kommilitone m, Kommilitonin f
fellow sufferer — Leidensgenosse m/-genossin f
fellow worker — Kollege m, Kollegin f, Mitarbeiter(in) m(f)
"fellow Americans..." — "meine lieben amerikanischen Mitbürger..."
* * *F. abk1. Fahrenheit3. FellowS. abk1. Sabbath2. Saint Hl.3. Saturday Sa.4. Saxon5. Senate6. Socialist7. Society Ges.8. Socius, Fellow9. south S10. southern südl.* * *1. nouna good fellow — ein guter Kumpel (ugs.)
well, young fellow — nun, junger Mann
2. attributive adjectiveold or dear fellow — alter Junge od. Knabe (ugs.)
fellow worker — Kollege, der/Kollegin, die
fellow man or human being — Mitmensch, der
fellow sufferer — Leidensgenosse, der/-genossin, die
my fellow teachers/workers — etc. meine Lehrer-/Arbeitskollegen usw.
fellow student — Kommilitone, der/Kommilitonin, die
* * *n.Bursche -n m.Gefährte -n m.Kamerad -en m.Kerl -e m.Mannsbild n. -
28 अन्तर् _antar
अन्तर् ind. [अम्-अरन्-तुडागमश्च Uṇ.5.6, अमेस्तुट् च]1 (Used as a prefix to verbs and regarded as a preposition or गति) (a) In the middle, between; in, into, inside; ˚हन्, ˚धा, ˚गम्, ˚भू, ˚इ, ˚ली &c. (b) Under.-2 (Used adverbially) (a) Between, be- twixt, amongst, within; in the middle or interior, inside (opp. वहिः); अदह्यतान्तः R.2.32 burnt within himself, at heart; अन्तरेव विहरन् दिवानिशम् R.19.6 in the palace, in the harem; so ˚भिन्नं भ्रमति हृदयम् Māl. 5.2; अन्तर्विभेद Dk.13; यदन्तस्तन्न जिह्वायाम् Pt.4.88; अन्तर्यश्च मृग्यते V.1.1 internally, in the mind. (b) By way of seizing or holding; अन्तर्हत्वा गतः (हतं परिगृह्य).-3 (As a separable preposition) (a) In, into, between, in the middle, inside, within, (with loc.); निवसन्नन्तर्दारुणि लङ्घ्यो वह्निः Pt.1.31; अन्तरादित्ये Ch. Up., अन्तर्वेश्मनि Ms.7 223; Y.3.31; अप्स्वन्तरमृतमप्सु Rv.1. 23.19. अप्सु मे सोमो$ब्रवीदन्तर् विश्वानि भेषजा ibid. (b) Between (with acc.) Ved. अन्तर्मही बृहती रोदसीमे Rv. 7.87.2; अन्तर्देवान् मर्त्यांश्च 8.2.4; हिरण्मय्योर्ह कुश्योरन्तर- वहित आस Śat. Br. (c) In, into, inside, in the interior, in the midst (with gen.); प्रतिबलजलधेरन्तरौर्वायमाणे Ve. 3.7; अन्तःकञ्चुकिकञ्चुकस्य Ratn.2.3; बहिरन्तश्च भूतानाम् Bg.13.15; त्वमग्ने सर्वभूतानामन्तश्चरसि साक्षिवत् Y.2.14; लघुवृत्तितया भिदां गतं बहिरन्तश्च नृपस्य मण्डलम् Ki.2.53; अन्तरीपं यदन्तर्वारिणस्तटम् Ak.; oft. in comp. at the end; कूपान्तः पतितः Pt.5; सभान्तः साक्षिणः प्राप्तान् Ms.8.79; दन्तान्तरधि- ष्ठितम् Ms.5.141 between the teeth; उत्पित्सवो$न्तर्नदभर्तुः Śi.3.77; also in compound with a following word; अहं सदा शरीरान्तर्वासिनी ते सरस्वती Ks.4.11.-4 It is fre- quently used as the first member of compounds in the sense of 'internally', 'inside', 'within', 'in the inte- rior', 'having in the interior', 'filled with', 'having concealed within', or in the sense of 'inward', 'internal', 'secret', 'hidden' &c., forming Adverbial, Bahuvrīhi or Tatpuruṣa compounds; कुन्दमन्तस्तुषारम् (Bah. comp.) Ś.5.19 filled with dew; ˚स्तोयम् (Bah. comp.) Me.66; अन्तर्गिरि (Adv. comp.) Ki.1.34; ज्वलयति तनूमन्तर्दाहः (Tat. comp.) U.3.31; so ˚कोपः, ˚कोणः, ˚आकूतम् &c.-5 It is also supposed to be a particle of assent (स्वीकारार्थक). (Note. In comp. the र् of अन्तर् is changed to a visarga before hard consonants, as अन्तः- करणम्, अन्तःस्थ &c.). [cf. L. inter; Zend antare; Goth. undar; Pers. andar; Gr. entos;].-Comp. -अंसः the breast (= अंतरा-अंस q. v.).-अग्निः inward fire, the fire which stimulates digestion; दीप्तान्तरग्निपरिशुद्धकोष्ठः Susr.-अंङ्ग a.1 inward, internal, comprehended, included (with abl.); त्रयमन्तरङ्ग पूर्वेभ्यः Pat Sūtra.-2 proximate, related to, essential to or referring to the essential part of the अङ्ग or base of a word (opp. बहिरङ्ग); धातूपसर्गयोः कार्यमन्तरङ्गम् P.VIII.3.74 Sk.-3 dear, most beloved (अत्यन्तप्रिय); स्वपिति सुखमिदा- नीमन्तरङ्गः कुरङ्गः Ś.4.v.l.(-अङ्गम्) 1 the inmost limb or organ, the heart, mind; सन्तुष्टान्तरङ्गः Dk.11; ˚वृत्ति 21; the interior.-2 an intimate friend, near or con- fidential person (forming, as it were, part of oneself); मदन्तरङ्गभूताम् Dk.81,93,11; राजान्तरङ्गभावेन 135; अन्तरङ्गेषु राज्यभारं समर्प्य*** 159.-3 an essential or indispensable part, as श्रवण, मनन & निदिध्यासन in realizing Brahman.-4 What is intimately connected or related; अन्तरङ्गबहिरङ्ग- योरन्तरङ्ग बलीयः ŚB. on MS.12.2.29.- अवयव an inner part; P.V.4.62.-आकाशः the ether or Brahman that resides in the heart of man (a term often occurring in the Upaniṣads).-आकूतम् secret or hidden intention.-आगमः an additional augment between two letters,-आगारम् the interior of a house; स्त्रीनक्तमन्तरा- गारबहिःशत्रुकृतांस्तथा Y.2.31.-आत्मन् m. (त्मा)1 the inmost spirit or soul, the soul or mind; also the internal feelings, the heart, अङ्गुष्ठमात्रपुरुषोन्तरात्मा Śvet.; नास्य प्रत्यक- रोद्वीर्यं विक्लवेनान्तरात्मना Rām.6.13.28. गतिमस्यान्तरात्मनः Ms.6.73; जीवसंज्ञोन्तरात्मान्यः सहजः सर्वदेहिनाम् 12.13; मद्- गतेनान्तरात्मना Bg.6.47 with the heart fixed on me; जातो ममायं विशदः प्रकामं...... अन्तरात्मा Ś.4.22, U.3.38, प्रायः सर्वो भवति करुणावृत्तिरार्द्रान्तरात्मा Me.95.-2 (In phil.) the inherent supreme spirit or soul (residing in the in- terior of man); अन्तरात्मासि देहिनाम् Ku.6.21.-आपणः a market in the heart (inside) of a town.-आय, -आल; See s. v.-आराम a. rejoicing in oneself, finding pleasure in his soul or heart; यो$न्तःसुखोन्तरारामस्तथान्तर्जर्यो- तिरेव सः Bg.5.24.-इन्द्रियम् an internal organ or sense.-उष्यम् Ved. a secret abode.-करणम् the internal organ; the heart, soul; the seat of thought and feeling, thinking faculty, mind, conscience; प्रमाणं ˚प्रवृत्तयः Ś.1.22; सबाह्य ˚णः अन्तरात्मा V.4 the soul in all its senses external and internal, the inner and outer man; दयार्द्रभावमाख्यातमन्तःकरणैर्विशङ्कैः R.2.11. According to the Vedānta अन्तःकरण is of four kinds: मनो बुद्धिरहङ्कार- श्चित्तं करणमान्तरम् । संशयो निश्चयो गर्वः स्मरणं विषया इमे ॥ अन्तःकरणं त्रिविधम् Sāṅkhya 33, i. e. बुद्धयहङ्कारमनांसि; सान्तःकरणा बुद्धिः 35, i. e. अहङ्कारमनःसहिता.-कल्पः a certain number of years (with Buddhists).-कुटिल a. inwardly crooked (fig. also); fraudulent. (-लः) a conch-shell.-कृ(क्रि)मिः a disease of worms in the body.-कोटरपुष्पी = अण्ड- कोटरपुष्पी.-कोपः 1 internal disturbance; H.3.-2 inward wrath, secret anger.-कोशम् the interior of a store- room.-गङ्गा the secret or hidden Ganges (supposed to communicate uuderground with a secret stream in Mysore).-गडु a. [अन्तर्मध्ये गडुरिव] useless, unprofitable, unnecessary, unavailing; किमनेनान्तर्गडुना Sar. S. (ग्रीवाप्रदेश- जातस्य गलमांसपिण्डस्य गडोर्यथा निरर्थकत्वं तद्वत्).-गम् -गत &c. See under अंतर्गम्.-गर्भ a.1 bearing young, pregnant.-2 having a गर्भ or inside; so ˚गर्भिन्.-गिरम् -रि ind. in mountains. अध्यास्तेन्तर्गिरं यस्मात् करतन्नावैति कारणम् Bk.5.87.-गुडवलयः the sphincter muscle.-गूढ a. conceal- ed inside, being inward; ˚घनव्यथः U.3.1; R.19.57; ˚विषः with poison concealed in the heart.-गृहम्, -गेहम्, -भवनम् [अन्तःस्थं गृहम् &c.]1 the inner apartment of a house, the interior of a house.-2 N. of a holy place in Benares; पञ्चक्रोश्यां कृतं पापमन्तर्गेहे विनश्यति.-घणः -णम् [अन्तर्हन्यते क्रोडीभवत्यस्मिन्, निपातः] the open space before the house between the entrance-door and the house (= porch or court); तस्मिन्नन्तर्घणे पश्यन् प्रघाणे सौधसद्मनः Bk.7.62 द्वारमतिक्रम्य यः सावकाशप्रदेशः सो$न्तर्घणः). (-नः -णः) N. of a country of Bāhīka (or Bālhīka) (P.III.3.78 बाहीकग्रामविशेषस्य संज्ञेयम् Sk.).-घातः striking in the middle Kāsi. on P.III.3.78.-चर a. pervading the body. internally situated, internal, inward अन्तश्चराणां मरुतां निरोधात् Ku.3.48; U.7.-ज a. born or bred in the interior (as a worm &c.).-जठरम् the stomach. (ind.) in the stomach.-जम्भः the inner part of the jaws (खादनस्थानं जम्भः, दन्तपङ्क्त्यो- रन्तरालम्).-जात a. inborn, innate.-जानु ind. between the knees.-जानुशयः One sleeping with hands between the knees; अन्तर्जानुशयो यस्तु भुञ्जते सक्तभाजनः Mb.3.2.75.-ज्ञानम् inward or secret knowledge.-ज्योतिस् a. enlightened inwardly, with an enlightened soul. यो$न्तःसुखो$न्तरारामस्तथान्तर्ज्योतिरेव यः Bg.5.24. (-स् n.) the inward light, light of Brahman.-ज्वलनम् inflammation. (-नः) inward heat or fire; mental anxiety.-ताप a. burning inwardly (-पः) internal fever or heat Ś.3.13.-दधनम् [अन्तर्दध्यते आधीयते मादकतानेन] distillation of spirituous liquor, or a substance used to produce fermentation.-दशा a term in astrology, the time when a particular planet exercises its influence over man's destiny (ज्योतिषोक्तः महादशान्तर्गतो ग्रहाणां स्वाधिपत्यकालभेदः).-दशाहम् an interval of 1 days; ˚हात् before 1 days. Ms.8.222; ˚हे 5.79.-दहनम् -दाहः 1 inward heat; ज्वलयति तनूमन्तर्दाहः U.3.31; ˚हेन दहनः सन्तापयति राघवम् Rām.-2 inflammation.-दुःख a. sad or afflicted at heart;-दुष्ट a. internally bad, wicked or base at heart.-दृष्टिः f. examining one's own soul, insight into oneself.-देशः an intermediate region of the compass.-द्वारम् private or secret door within the house (प्रकोष्ठद्वारम्).-धा-धि, -हित &c. See. s. v.-नगरम् the palace of a king (being inside the town); cf. ˚पुरम्; दशाननान्तर्नगरं ददर्श Rām.-निवेशनम् inner part of the house; यथा चारोपितो वृक्षो जातश्चान्तर्निवेशने Rām.6.128.6.-निहित a. being concealed within; अङ्गैरन्तर्निहितवचनैः सूचितः सम्यगर्थः M.2.8.-निष्ठ a. engaged in internal meditation.-पटः, -टम् a screen of cloth held between two persons who are to be united (as a bride and bridegroom, or pupil and preceptor) until the acctual time of union arrives.-पथ a. Ved. being on the way.-पदम् ind. in the interior of an inflected word.-पदवी = सुषुम्णामध्यगतः पन्थाः-पिरधानम् the innermost garment.-पर्शव्य a. being between the ribs (as flesh).-पवित्रः the Soma when in the straining vessel.-पशुः [अन्तर्गाममध्ये पशवो यत्र] the time when the cattle are in the village or stables (from sunset to sunrise); अन्तःपशौ पशुकामस्य सायं प्रातः Kāty; (सायं पशुषु ग्राममध्ये आगतेषु प्रातश्च ग्रामादनिःसृतेषु com.).-पातः, पात्यः 1 insertion of a letter (in Gram.).-2 a post fixed in the middle of the sacrificial ground (used in ritual works); अन्तःपूर्वेण यूपं परीत्यान्तःपात्यदेशे स्थापयति Kāty.-पातित, -पातिन् a.1 inserted.-2 included or comprised in; falling within; दण्डकारण्य˚ ति आश्रमपदम् K.2.-पात्रम् Ved. interior of a vessel.-पालः one who watches over the inner apartments of a palace.-पुरम् [अन्तः अभ्यन्तरं पुरं गृहम्, or पुरस्यान्तःस्थितम्]1 inner apartment of a palace (set apart for women); female or women's apartments, seraglio, harem (so called from their being situated in the heart of the town, for purposes of safety); व्यायम्याप्लुत्य मध्याह्ने भोक्तुमन्तःपुरं विशेत् Ms.7.216,221,224; कन्यान्तःपुरे कश्चित्प्रविशति Pt.1.-2 inmates of the female apartments, a queen or queens, the ladies taken collectively; अन्तःपुराणि सर्वाणि रुदमानानि सत्वरम् Rām.6.111.111. ˚विरहपर्युत्सुकस्य राजर्षेः Ś.3; K.58; ततो राजा सान्तःपुरः स्वगृह- मानीयाभ्यर्चितः Pt.1; कस्यचिद्राज्ञो$न्तःपुरं जलक्रीडां कुरुते ibid. ˚प्रचारः gossip of the harem Ms.7.153; ˚समागतः Ś.4; also in pl.; कदाचिदस्मत्प्रार्थनामन्तःपुरेभ्यः कथयेत् Ś.2.; न ददाति वाचमुचितामन्तःपुरेभ्यो यदा Ś.6.5. ˚जन women of the palace; inmates of the female apartments; ˚चर,-अध्यक्षः-रक्षकः, -वर्ती guardian or superintendent of the harem, chamber- lain; वृद्धः कुलोद्रतः शक्तः पितृपैतामहः शुचिः । राज्ञामन्तःपुरा- ध्यक्षो विनीतश्च तथेष्यते ॥ (of these five sorts are mentioned:- वामनक, जघन्य, कुब्ज, मण्डलक and सामिन् see Bṛi. S.) ˚सहायः one belonging to the harem.-पुरिकः [अन्तःपुरे नियुक्तः, ठक्] a chamberlain = ˚चर. (-कः, -का) a woman in the harem; अस्मत्प्रार्थनामन्तःपुरिके(का) भ्यो निवेदय Chaṇḍ. K.-पुष्पम् [कर्म.] the menstrual matter of women, before it re- gularly begins to flow every month; वर्षद्वादशकादूर्ध्वं यदि पुष्पं बहिर्न हि । अन्तःपुष्पं भवत्येव पनसोदुम्बरादिवत् Kāśyapa; ˚ष्पम् is therefore the age between 12 and the menstruation period.-पूय a. ulcerous.-पेयम् Ved. drinking up.-प्रकृतिः f.1 the internal nature or constitution of man.-2 the ministry or body of ministers of a king.-3 heart or soul. ˚प्रकोपः internal dissensions or disaffection; अणुरप्युपहन्ति विग्रहः प्रभुमन्तःप्रकृतिप्रकोपजः Ki.2.51.-प्रको- पनम् sowing internal dissensions, causing internal revolts; अन्तःप्रकोपनं कार्यमभियोक्तुः स्थिरात्मनः H.3.93.-प्रज्ञ a. knowing oneself, with an enlightened soul.-प्रतिष्ठानम् residence in the interior.-बाष्प a.1 with suppressed tears; अन्तर्बाष्पश्चिरमनुचरो राजराजस्य दध्यौ Me.3.-2 with tears gushing up inside, bedimmed with tears; कोपात्˚ ष्पे स्मरयति मां लोचने तस्याः V.4.15. (-ष्पः) suppressed tears, inward tears; निगृह्य ˚ष्पम् Bh.3.6; Māl.5.-भावः, भावना see under अन्तर्भू separately.-भिन्न a. split or broken inside, perforated, bored (said of a pearl) Pt.4 (also torn by dissensions).-भूमिः f. interior of the earth.-भेदः discord, internal dissensions; ˚जर्जरं राजकुलम् Mk.4 torn by internal dissensions; अन्तर्भेदाकुलं गेहं न चिराद्विनशिष्यति 'a house divided against itself cannot stand long.'-भौम a. subterranean, underground.-मदावस्थ a. having the rutting state concealed within; आसीदनाविष्कृतदानराजि- रन्तर्मदावस्थ इव द्विपेन्द्रः R.2.7.-मनस् a.1 sad, disconso- late, dejected, distracted.-2 one who has concentrated and turned his mind inward, lost in abstract meditation.-मुख a. (-खी f.)1 going into the mouth, pointing or turned inward; प्रचण्डपरिपिण्डितः स्तिमितवृत्तिरन्तर्मुखः Mv. 5.26.-2 having an inward entrance of opening (बाह्यवस्तुपरिहारेण परमात्मविषयकतया प्रवेशयुक्तं चित्तादि).-3 an epithet of the soul called प्राज्ञ, when it is enjoying the sweet bliss of sleep (आनन्दभुक् चेतोमुखः प्राज्ञः इति श्रुतेः).-4 Spiritual minded, looking inwardly into the soul; 'अन्तर्मुखाः सततमात्मविदो महान्तः' Viś. Guṇā.139. (-खम्) a sort of surgical scissors (having an opening inside), one of the 2 instruments mentioned by Suśruta in chapter 8 of Sūtrasthāna.-मातृका [अन्तःस्थाः ष़ट्चक्रस्थाः मातृकाः अकारादिवर्णाः] a name given in the Tantras for the letters of the alphabet assigned to the six lotuses (पद्म) of the body; ˚न्यासः a term used in Tantra literature for the mental assignment of the seve- ral letters of the alphabet to the different parts of the body.-मुद्र a. sealed inside; N. of a form of devotion.-मृत a. still-born.-यागः mental sacrifice or worship, a mode of worship referred to in the Tantras.-यामः 1 suppression of the breath and voice.-2 ˚पात्रम्, a sacrificial vessel (ग्रहरूपं सामापराख्यं यज्ञियपात्रम्); according to others, a Soma libation made during the suppression of breath and voice; सुहवा सूर्यायान्तर्याममनु- मन्त्रयेत् Ait. Br.-यामिन् m.1 regulating the soul or internal feelings, soul; Providence, Supreme Spirit as guiding and regulating mankind. Brahman; (according to the Bṛi. Ār. Up. अन्तर्यामिन 'the internal check' is the Supreme Being and not the individual soul; who standing in the earth is other than the earth, whom the earth knows not, whose body the earth is, who internally restrains and governs the earth; the same is thy soul (and mine, the internal check अन्तर्यामिन्, &c. &c.); अन्तराविश्य भूतानि यो बिभर्त्यात्मकेतुभिः । अन्तर्या- मीश्वरः साक्षाद्भवेत् &c.-2 wind; ˚ब्राह्मणम् N. of a Brāhmaṇa included in the Bṛi. Ār. Up.-योगः deep meditation, abstraction-लम्ब a. acute-angular. (-बः) an acute-angled triangle (opp. बहिर्लम्ब) (the perpendicular from the vertex or लम्ब falling within अन्तर् the triangle).-लीन a.1 latent, hidden, concealed inside; ˚नस्य दुःखाग्नेः U.3.9; ˚भुजङ्गमम् Pt.1.-2 inherent.-लोम a. (P.V.4.117) covered with hair on the inside; (-मम्) [अन्तर्गतमाज्छाद्यं लोम अच्] the hair to be covered.-वंशः = ˚पुरम् q. v.-वंशिकः, -वासिकः [अन्तर्वंशे वासे नियुक्तः ठक्] a superintendent of the women's apartment.; Pt.3, K.93. Ak.2.8.8.-वण (वन) a. situated in a forest; ˚णो देशः P.VI.2.179 Sk. (-णम्) ind. within a forest. P.VIII.4.5.-वत् a. being in the interior; having something in the interior.-वती (वत्नी) Ved. [अन्तरस्त्यस्यां गर्भः] a pregnant woman; अन्तर्वत्नी प्रजावती R.15.13.-वमिः [अन्तः स्थित एव उद्गारशब्दं कारयति, वम्-इन्] indigestion, flatulence; belching.-वर्तिन्, -वासिन् a. being or dwelling inside, included or comprised in-वसुः N. of a Soma sacrifice (for राज्यकाम and पशुकाम).-वस्त्रम्, -वासस् n. an under- garment; गृहीत्वा तत्र तस्यान्तर्वस्त्राण्याभरणानि च । चेलखण्डं तमेकं च दत्वान्तर्वाससः कृते ॥. Ks.4.52.-वा a. [अन्तः अन्तरङ्गभावं अन्तःकरणं वा वाति गच्छति स्निग्धत्वेन, वा-विच् Tv.] forming part of oneself such as children, cattle &c. ˚वत् a. (अस्त्यर्थे मतुप् मस्य वः) having progeny, cattle &c; अन्तर्वावत्क्षयं दधे Rv.1.4.7; abounding with precious things inside. -adv. inwardly.-वाणि a. [अन्तःस्थिता शास्त्रवाक्यात्मिका वाणी यस्य] skilled or versed in scriptures, very learned (शास्त्रविद्).-विगाहः, -हनम् entering within, penetration.-विद्वस् a. Ved. (विदुषी f.) knowing correctly or exactly (knowing the paths between heaven and earth) Rv.1.72.7.-वेगः inward uneasiness or anxiety, inward fever.-वेदि a. pertaining to the inside of the sacrificial ground. -adv. within this ground. (-दिः -दी f.) [अन्तर्गता वेदिर्यत्र देशे] the tract of land (the Doab) between the rivers Gaṅgā and Yamunā, regarded as a sacred region and the principal seat of Āryan Brāhmaṇas; cf. एते भगवत्यौ भूमिदेवानां मूलमायतनमन्तर्वेदिपूर्वेण कलिन्दकन्यामन्दाकिन्यौ संगच्छेते A.R.7; it is supposed to have extended from Prayāga to Haradvāra and is also known by the names of शशस्थली and ब्रह्मावर्त. -m. (pl.) inhabitants of this land.-वेश्मन् n. the inner apartments, interior of a house.-वेश्मिकः n. a chamberlain.-वैशिकः Officer in charge of the harem. समुद्रमुपकरणमन्तर्वैशिकहस्तादादाय परिचरेयुः Kau. A.1.21.-शरः internal arrow or disease.-शरीरम् internal and spiritual part of man; the interior of the body.-शल्य a. having in the interior an arrow, pin or any such extraneous matter; rankling inside.-शीला N. of a river rising from the Vindhya mountain.-श्लेषः, -श्लेषणम् Ved. internal support (scaffolding &c.) एतानि ह वै वेदानामन्तः- श्लेषणानि यदेता व्याहृतयः Ait. Br.-संज्ञ a. inwardly con- scious (said of trees &c.); ˚ज्ञा भवन्त्येते सुखदुःखसमन्विताः Ms.1.49.-सत्त्व a. having inward strength &c. (˚त्त्वा)1 a pregnant woman.-2 the marking nut.-सन्तापः internal pain, sorrow, regret.- सरल a. upright at heart, or having Sarala trees inside; K.51.-सलिल a. with water (flowing) underground; नदीमिवान्तःसलिलां सरस्वतीम् R.3.9.-सार a. having inward strength and vigour, full of strong inside; powerful, strong, heavy or ponderous; ˚रैर्मन्त्रिभिर्घार्यते राज्यं सुस्तम्भैरिव मन्दिरम् Pt.1. 126; साराणि इन्धनानि Dk.132; ˚रं घन तुलयितुं नानिलः शक्ष्यति त्वाम् Me.2. (-रः) internal treasure or store, inner store or contents; वमन्त्युच्चैरन्तःसारम् H.2.13 internal matter or essence (and pus).-सुख a. whose delight is in self, inwardly happy यो$न्तःसुखो$न्तरारामः Bg. 5.24-सेनम् ind. into the midst of armies.-स्थ a. (also written अन्तःस्थ) being between or in the midst. (-स्थः, -स्था) a term applied to the semivowels, य्, र्, ल्, व् as standing between vowels and consonants and being formed by a slight contact of the vocal organs (ईषत्स्पृष्टं अन्तस्थानाम्); or they are so called be- cause they stand between स्पर्श (क-म) letters and ऊष्मन् (श, ष, स, ह).-स्था 1 a deity of the vital organs.-2 N. of one of the Ṛigveda hymns. ˚मुद्गरः the malleus of the ear.-स्वेदः [अन्तः स्वेदो मदजलस्यन्दनं यस्य] an elephant (in rut).-हणनम् striking in the middle.-हननम् N. of a country बाहीक P.VIII.4.24 Sk.-हस्तम् ind. in the hand, within reach of the hand.-हस्तीन a. being in the hand or within reach of the hand.-हासः laughing inwardly (in the sleeves), a secret or suppressed laugh; सान्तर्हासं कथितम् Me.113 with a suppressed laugh, with a gentle smile.-हृदयम् the interior of the heart. -
29 अशोक
a-ṡoka
N. Lalit. ;
not feeling sorrow Nalôd. ;
m. the tree Jonesia Asoka Roxb. (a tree of moderate size belonging to the leguminous class with magnificent red flowers) MBh. etc.;
N. of a minister of king Daṡaratha R. I, 7, 3 ;
of a well-known king (in Pāṭaliputra) MBh. Buddh. etc.;
(ā) f. N. of a medicinal plant L. ;
a female name, (gaṇa ṡubhrâ̱di q.v.);
N. of one of the female deities of the Jainas L. ;
(am) n. the blossom of the Aṡoka plant Vikr., (cf. Pāṇ. 4-3, 166 Siddh.);
quicksilver L. ;
á-ṡoka
- अशोककर
- अशोकतरु
- अशोकतीर्थ
- अशोकत्रिरात्र
- अशोकदत्त
- अशोकद्वादशी
- अशोकपूर्णिमा
- अशोकमञ्जरि
- अशोकमाला
- अशोकरोहिणी
- अशोकवनिका
- अशोकवर्धन
- अशोकवेग
- अशोकव्रत
- अशोकषष्ठी
- अशोकारि
- अशोकाष्टमी
- अशोकेश्वरतीर्थ
-
30 ἐκ
ἐκ, before vowels ἐξ, prep. w. gen. (Hom.+; s. lit. s.v. ἀνά and εἰς beg.)① marker denoting separation, from, out of, away fromⓐ w. the place or thing fr. which separation takes place. Hence esp. w. verbs of motion ἀναβαίνω, ἀναλύω, ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρομαι, εἰσέρχομαι, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐξέρχομαι, ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, καταβαίνω, μεταβαίνω, ῥύομαι, συνάγω, φεύγω; s. these entries. καλεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Mt 2:15 (Hos 11:1); ἐκ σκότους 1 Pt 2:9. αἴρειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 17:15. ἐξαλείφειν ἐκ τῆς βίβλου Rv 3:5 (Ex 32:32f; Ps 68:29). ἀποκυλίειν τ. λίθον ἐκ τ. θύρας Mk 16:3; cp. J 20:1; Rv 6:14; σῴζειν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγ. Jd 5; διασῴζειν ἐκ τ. θαλάσσης Ac 28:4. παραγίνεσθαι ἐξ ὁδοῦ arrive on a journey (lit. from, i.e. interrupting a journey) Lk 11:6; fig. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐξ ὁδοῦ bring back fr. the way Js 5:20; cp. 2 Pt 2:21. ἐκ τῆς χειρός τινος (Hebraistically מִיַּד פּ׳, oft. LXX; s. B-D-F §217, 2; Rob. 649) from someone’s power ἐξέρχεσθαι J 10:39; ἁρπάζειν 10:28f (cp. Plut., Ages. 615 [34, 6] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν Ἐπαμινώνδου τ. πόλιν ἐξαρπάσας; JosAs 12:8 ἅρπασόν με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἐχθροῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 12:11 (cp. Aeschin. 3, 256 ἐκ τ. χειρῶν ἐξελέσθαι τῶν Φιλίππου; Sir 4:9; Bar 4:18, 21 al.); ῥύεσθαι Lk 1:74; cp. vs. 71 (Ps 105:10; Wsd 2:18; JosAs 12:10); εἰρυσταί σε κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνόμου AcPlCor 1:8 (cp. ἐκ τούτων ἄπαντων PsSol 13:4).—After πίνειν, of the object fr. which one drinks (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 3): ἐκ τ. ποτηρίου Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; 1 Cor 11:28; cp. 10:4; J 4:12. Sim. φαγεῖν ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10.ⓑ w. a group or company fr. which separation or dissociation takes place (Hyperid. 6, 17 and Lucian, Cyn. 13 ἐξ ἀνθρώπων) ἐξολεθρεύειν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ Ac 3:23 (Ex 30:33; Lev 23:29). συμβιβάζειν ἐκ τ. ὄχλου 19:33; ἐκλέγειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 15:19; cp. Mt 13:41, 47; Ac 1:24; 15:22; Ro 9:24. For ἐκ freq. ἐκ μέσου Mt 13:49; Ac 17:33; 23:10; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Ex 31:14).—ἀνιστάναι τινὰ ἔκ τινων Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); ἐκ νεκρῶν 17:31. ἐγείρειν τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Hb 11:19; AcPlCor 2:6; ἀνίστασθαι ἐκ νεκρῶν Ac 10:41; 17:3; ἀνάστασις ἐκ νεκρ. Lk 20:35; 1 Pt 1:3; cp. Ro 10:7. Also s. ἠρεμέω.ⓒ of situations and circumstances out of which someone is brought, from: ἐξαγοράζειν ἔκ τινος redeem fr. someth. Gal 3:13; also λυτροῦν (cp. Sir 51:2) 1 Pt 1:18; σῴζειν ἔκ τινος save fr. someth. J 12:27; Hb 5:7; Js 5:20 (Od. 4, 753; MLetronne, Recueil des Inscr. 1842/8, 190; 198 σωθεὶς ἐκ; SIG 1130, 1f; UPZ 60:6f [s. διασῴζω]; PVat A, 7 [168 B.C.]=Witkowski 36, 7 διασεσῶσθαι ἐκ μεγάλων κινδύνων; Sir 51:11; EpJer 49; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ … λιμοῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 7:10 (cp. Wsd 10:1; Sir 29:12). τηρεῖν ἔκ τινος keep from someth. Rv 3:10; μεταβαίνειν ἔκ τινος εἴς τι J 5:24; 1J 3:14; μετανοεῖν ἔκ τινος repent and turn away fr. someth. Rv 2:21f; 9:20f; 16:11. ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐκ τ. κόπων rest fr. one’s labors 14:13. ἐγείρεσθαι ἐξ ὕπνου wake fr. sleep (Epict. 2, 20, 15; Sir 22:9; cp. ParJer 5:2 οὐκ ἐξυπνίσθη ἐκ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ) Ro 13:11. ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν 11:15. ζῶντες ἐκ νεκρῶν people who have risen fr. death to life 6:13 (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 454; X., An. 7, 7, 28; Demosth. 18, 131 ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς; Palaeph. 3, 2). S. ἀνάστασις 2b.ⓓ of pers. and things with whom a connection is severed or is to remain severed: τηρεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ keep them fr. the evil one J 17:15; cp. Ac 15:29. Pregnant constr.: ἀνανήφειν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 2 Ti 2:26. νικᾶν ἔκ τινος free oneself from … by victory Rv 15:2 (for possible Latinism s. reff. to Livy and Velleius Paterculus in OLD s.v. ‘victoria’; but s. also RCharles, ICC Rv II, 33). ἐλεύθερος ἐκ 1 Cor 9:19 (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 1010 ἐλευθεροῦντες ἐκ δρασμῶν πόδα ‘freeing our feet from flight’ [=we recovered from our flight]). καθαρός εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐξ αὐτῆς I practiced abstinence with her GJs 15:4.② marker denoting the direction fr. which someth. comes, from καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους (Il. 13, 17; X., An. 7, 4, 12; Ex 19:14; 32:1 al.; JosAs 4:1 ἐκ τοῦ ὑπερῴου) Mt 17:9. θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται Lk 21:18. ἐκπίπτειν ἐκ τ. χειρῶν Ac 12:7. διδάσκειν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου Lk 5:3. ἐκ τῆς βάτου χρηματισμοῦ διδομένου 1 Cl 17:5 (cp. Just., A I, 62:3). ἐκ τῆς πρύμνης ῥίψαντες τὰς ἀγκύρας Ac 27:29. κρέμασθαι ἔκ τινος (Hom. et al.; 1 Macc 1:61; 2 Macc 6:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 107) 28:4. ἐκ ῥιζῶν to (lit. from) its roots (Job 28:9; 31:12) Mk 11:20; B 12:9.—Since the Greek feeling concerning the relation betw. things in this case differed fr. ours, ἐκ could answer the question ‘where?’ (cp. Soph., Phil. 20; Synes., Ep. 131 p. 267a ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας μερίδος=on the other side; BGU 975, 11; 15 [45 A.D.]; PGM 36, 239; LXX; JosAs 16:12 εἱστήκει … ἐξ εὐωνύμων; 22:7) ἐκ δεξιῶν at (on) the right (δεξιός 1b) Mt 20:21, 23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 25:33; Lk 1:11; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8), 34 (Ps 109:1); 7:55f; B 11:10. ἐξ ἐναντίας opposite Mk 15:39 (Hdt. 8, 6, 2; Thu. 4, 33, 1; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 461, 6; Sir 37:9; Wsd 4:20 al.); ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας the opponent (Sext. Emp., Adv. Phys. 1, 66 [=Adv. Math. 9, 66]; 2, 69 [=Adv. Math. 10, 69], Adv. Eth. 1, 25; Bias in Diog. L. 1, 84) Tit 2:8.—ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου … προσευχομένου Ἰωνᾶ AcPlCor 2:30.③ marker denoting origin, cause, motive, reason, from, ofⓐ in expr. which have to do w. begetting and birth from, of, by: ἐκ introduces the role of the male (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9 ἐκ θεοῦ ἔστι; JosAs 21:8 συνέλαβεν Ἀσενὲθ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ; Tat. 33, 3 συλλαμβάνουσιν ἐκ φθορέως; Ath. 22, 4 ἐκ τοῦ Κρόνου; SIG 1163, 3; 1169, 63; OGI 383, 3; 5 [I B.C.]) ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Mt 1:18. κοίτην ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Ro 9:10; also of the female (SIG 1160, 3; PEleph 1, 9 [311/10 B.C.] τεκνοποιεῖσθαι ἐξ ἄλλης γυναικός; PFay 28, 9 γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 14 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 191; Ath. 20, 3 ἐξ ἧς παῖς Διόνυσος αὐτῷ) γεννᾶν τινα ἐκ beget someone by (a woman; s. γεννάω 1a) Mt 1:3, 5, etc. ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννῄθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5; γίνεσθαι ἐκ γυναικός (Jos., Ant. 11, 152; Ar. 9, 7) Gal 4:4; cp. vs. 22f.—γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ αἱμάτων κτλ. J 1:13; ἐκ τ. σαρκός 3:6; ἐκ πορνείας 8:41. ἐγείρειν τινὶ τέκνα ἐκ Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. (τὶς) ἐκ καρποῦ τ. ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ Ac 2:30 (Ps 131:11). γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ τ. θεοῦ J 1:13; 1J 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18 (Just., A I, 22, 2); ἐκ τ. πνεύματος J 3:6 (opp. ἐκ τ. σαρκός). εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ (Menand., Sam. 602 S. [257 Kö.]) J 8:47; 1J 4:4, 6; 5:19; opp. εἶναι ἐκ τ. διαβόλου J 8:44; 1J 3:8 (cp. OGI 90, 10 of Ptolemaeus Epiphanes ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ κ. θεᾶς).ⓑ to denote origin as to family, race, city, people, district, etc.: ἐκ Ναζαρέτ J 1:46. ἐκ πόλεως vs. 44. ἐξ οἴκου Lk 1:27; 2:4. ἐκ γένους (Jos., Ant. 11, 136) Phil 3:5; Ac 4:6. ἐκ φυλῆς (Jos., Ant. 6, 45; 49; PTebt I, 26, 15) Lk 2:36; Ac 13:21; 15:23; Ro 11:1. Ἑβρ. ἐξ Ἑβραίων a Hebrew, the son of Hebrews Phil 3:5 (Goodsp., Probs., 175f; on the connotation of ancestral ἀρετή Phil 3:5 cp. New Docs VII 233, no. 10, 5). ἐκ σπέρματός τινος J 7:42; Ro 1:3; 11:1. ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ac 15:23; cp. Gal 2:15. Cp. Lk 23:7; Ac 23:34. ἐκ τ. γῆς J 3:31. For this ἐκ τῶν κάτω J 8:23 (opp. ἐκ τ. ἄνω). ἐκ (τούτου) τ. κόσμου 15:19ab; 17:14; 1J 2:16; 4:5. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30.—To express a part of the whole, subst.: οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ the Israelites Ro 9:6. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας selfish, factious people 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου partisans of the law 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ πίστεως those who have faith Gal 3:7, 9; cp. the sg. Ro 3:26; 4:16. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς the circumcision party Ac 11:2; Ro 4:12; Gal 2:12. οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς Tit 1:10. For this οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς Col 4:11. οἱ ἐκ τ. συναγωγῆς members of the synagogue Ac 6:9. οἱ ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου Ro 16:10f. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22 (s. Καῖσαρ and οἰκία 3). In these cases the idea of belonging, the partisan use, often completely overshadows that of origin; cp. Dg 6:3.ⓒ to denote derivation (Maximus Tyr. 13, 3f φῶς ἐκ πυρός; Ath. 18:3 γένεσιν … ἐξ ὕδατος) καπνὸς ἐκ τ. δόξης τ. θεοῦ Rv 15:8 (cp. EpJer 20 καπνὸς ἐκ τ. οἰκίας). ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τ. Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν J 4:22. εἶναι ἔκ τινος come, derive from someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 7, 209) Mt 5:37; J 7:17, 22; 1J 2:16, 21; εἶναι is oft. to be supplied Ro 2:29; 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6 ( Plut., Mor. 1001c); 11:12; 2 Cor 4:7; Gal 5:8. ἔργα ἐκ τοῦ πατρός J 10:32. οἰκοδομὴ ἐκ θεοῦ 2 Cor 5:1; χάρισμα 1 Cor 7:7; δικαιοσύνη Phil 3:9. φωνὴ ἐκ τ. στόματος αὐτοῦ Ac 22:14. Here belongs the constr. w. ἐκ for the subj. gen., as in ἡ ἐξ ὑμῶν (v.l.) ἀγάπη 2 Cor 8:7; ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν ζῆλος 9:2 v.l.; Rv 2:9 (cp. Vett. Val. 51, 16; CIG II 3459, 11 τῇ ἐξ ἑαυτῆς κοσμιότητι; pap. [Rossberg 14f]; 1 Macc 11:33 χάριν τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐνοίας; 2 Macc 6:26). ἐγένετο ζήτησις ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου there arose a discussion on the part of John’s disciples J 3:25 (Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4 ζήτησις πολλὴ ἐκ πάντων ἐγένετο; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 24 §91 σφαγή τις ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐγένετο).ⓓ of the effective cause by, because of (cp. the ‘perfectivizing’ force of ἐκ and other prepositions in compounds, e.g. Mt 4:7; Mk 9:15. B-D-F §318, 5)α. personal in nature, referring to originator (X., An. 1, 1, 6; Diod S 19, 1, 4 [saying of Solon]; Arrian, Anab. 3, 1, 2; 4, 13, 6 of an inspired woman κατεχομένη ἐκ τοῦ θείου; Achilles Tat. 5, 27, 2; SibOr 3, 395; Just.: A I, 12, 5 ἐκ δαιμόνων φαύλων … καὶ ταῦτα … ἐνεργεῖσθαι, also D. 18, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 7, 85 H. ἐκ θεῶν σεσωσμένη; Ps.-Clem., Hom. p. 7, 19 Lag. τὸν ἐκ θεοῦ σοι ἀποδιδόμενον μισθόν): ὠφελεῖσθαι ἔκ τινος Mt 15:5; Mk 7:11. ζημιοῦσθαι 2 Cor 7:9. λυπεῖσθαι 2:2. εὐχαριστεῖσθαι 1:11. ἀδικεῖσθαι Rv 2:11. ἐξ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα J 12:49 (cp. Soph., El. 344 οὐδὲν ἐξ σαυτῆς λέγεις).β. impersonal in nature (Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 10 ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τ. τραυμάτων; 6, 25, 4; JosAs 29:8 ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος τοῦ λίθου; POxy 486, 32 τὰ ἐμὰ ἐκ τ. ἀναβάσεως τ. Νίλου ἀπολωλέναι): ἀποθανεῖν ἐκ τ. ὑδάτων Rv 8:11. πυροῦσθαι 3:18. σκοτοῦσθαι 9:2. φωτίζεσθαι 18:1. κεκοπιακὼς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας J 4:6 (Aelian, VH 3, 23 ἐκ τοῦ πότου ἐκάθευδεν). ἔκαμον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1.ⓔ of the reason which is a presupposition for someth.: by reason of, as a result of, because of (X., An. 2, 5, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 42 §185 ἐκ προδοσίας; POxy 486, 28f ἐκ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς; Just., A I, 68, 3 ἐξ ἐπιστολῆς; numerous examples in Mayser II/2 p. 388; Philo, De Jos. 184 ἐκ διαβολῆς; Jos., Vi. 430; JosAs 11 παραλελυμένη … ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ταπεινώσεως; Ar. 8, 6 ἐκ τούτων … τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῆς πλάνης; Just., A I, 4, 1 ἐκ τοῦ … ὀνόματος; also inf.: 33, 2 ἵνα … ἐκ τοῦ προειρῆσθαι πιστευθῇ 68, 3 al.): δικαιοῦσθαι ἔκ τινος Ro 4:2; Gal 2:16; 3:24; cp. Ro 3:20, 30 (cp. εἴ τις ἐκ γένους [δίκαι]ος=has the right of citizenship by descent [i.e. has the law on his side]: letter of MAurelius 34, ZPE 8, ’71, 170); οὐκ … ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ he does not live because of his possessions Lk 12:15. ἐκ ταύτης τ. ἐργασίας Ac 19:25. ἐξ ἔργων λαβεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα Gal 3:2, 5; cp. Ro 11:6. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως λαβεῖν τ. νεκρούς Hb 11:35. ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας 2 Cor 13:4. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν as far as it depends on you Ro 12:18.—ἐκ τοῦ πόνου in anguish Rv 16:10; cp. vs. 11; 8:13.—ἐκ τούτου for this reason, therefore (SIG 1168, 47; 1169, 18; 44; 62f; BGU 423, 17=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 480, 17) J 6:66; 19:12.ⓕ Sim. ἐκ can introduce the means which one uses for a definite purpose, with, by means of (Polyaenus 3, 9, 62 ἐξ ἱμάντος=by means of a thong) ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ Lk 16:9 (X., An. 6, 4, 9; PTebt 5, 80 [118 B.C.] ἐκ τ. ἱερῶν προσόδων; ParJer 1:7 [of Jerusalem] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἀφανισθήτω; Jos., Vi. 142 ἐκ τ. χρημάτων); cp. 8:3.ⓖ of the source, fr. which someth. flows or comes:α. λαλεῖν ἐκ τ. ἰδίων J 8:44. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας Mt 12:34. τὰ ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ the food from the temple 1 Cor 9:13. ἐκ τ. εὐαγγελίου ζῆν get one’s living by proclaiming the gospel vs. 14.β. information, insight, etc. (X., An. 7, 7, 43 ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κατέμαθες; Just., A I, 28, 1 ἐκ τῶν ἡμετέρων συγγραμμάτων … μαθεῖν 34, 2 al.) κατηχεῖσθαι ἐκ Ro 2:18. ἀκούειν ἐκ J 12:34. γινώσκειν Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 3:24; 4:6. ἐποπτεύειν 1 Pt 2:12. δεικνύναι Js 2:18 (cp. ἀποδεικνύναι Just., D. 33, 1).γ. of the inner life, etc., fr. which someth. proceeds (since Il. 9, 486): ἐκ καρδίας Ro 6:17; 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. (cp. Theocr. 29, 4; M. Ant. 3, 3). ἐκ ψυχῆς Eph 6:6; Col 3:23 (X., An. 7, 7, 43, Oec. 10, 4; Jos., Ant. 17, 177; 1 Macc 8:27). ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. διανοίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ἰσχύος σου Mk 12:30; cp. Lk 10:27 (Dt 6:5; cp. Wsd 8:21; 4 Macc 7:18; Epict. 2, 23, 42 ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς). ἐκ πίστεως Ro 14:23; cp. 2 Cor 2:17. Also of circumstances which accompany an action without necessarily being the source of it: γράφειν ἐκ πολλῆς θλίψεως write out of great affliction 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 1:17.ⓗ of the material out of which someth. is made (Hdt. 1, 194; Pla., Rep. 10, 616c; OGI 194, 28 [42 B.C.] a statue ἐκ σκληροῦ λίθου; PMagd 42, 5 [221 B.C.]=PEnteux 83, 5; POxy 707, 28; PGM 13, 659; Wsd 15:8; 1 Macc 10:11; Jdth 1:2; En 99:13; JosAs 3:9; Just., A I, 59, 1) of, from στέφανος ἐξ ἀκανθῶν Mt 27:29; J 19:2; cp. 2:15; 9:6; Ro 9:21; 1 Cor 15:47; Rv 18:12; 21:21; perh. also 1 Cor 11:12 ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρός.ⓘ of the underlying rule or principle according to, in accordance with (Hdt., Pla. et al. [Kühner-G. I 461g], also OGI 48, 12 [III B.C.] ἐκ τ. νόμων; PEleph 1, 12 [312/11 B.C.] ἐκ δίκης; PPetr III, 26, 9 ἐκ κρίσεως; LXX, e.g. 1 Macc 8:30; Jos., Ant. 6, 296 ἐκ κυνικῆς ἀσκήσεως πεποιημένος τὸν βίον) ἐκ τ. λόγων Mt 12:37 (cp. Wsd 2:20). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε by what you have said Lk 19:22 (cp. Sus 61 Theod.; also X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21 ἐκ τ. ἔργων κρίνεσθαι). ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων on the basis of things written Rv 20:12. ἐκ τ. καλοῦντος Ro 9:12. ἐκ τ. ἔχειν in accordance w. your ability 2 Cor 8:11. ἐξ ἰσότητος on the basis of equality vs. 13.④ marker used in periphrasis, from, ofⓐ for the partitive gen. (B-D-F §164, 1 and 2; 169; Rob. 599; 1379).α. after words denoting number εἷς, μία, ἕν (Hdt. 2, 46, 2 ἐκ τούτων εἷς; POxy 117, 14ff [II/III A.D.] δύο … ἐξ ὧν … ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν; Tob 12:15 BA; Sir 32:1; Jos., Bell. 7, 47; JosAs 20:2 ἐκ τῶν παρθένων μία Just., D. 126, 4) Mt 10:29; 18:12; 22:35; 27:48; Mk 9:17 al.; εἷς τις J 11:49; δύο Mk 16:12; Lk 24:13; J 1:35; 21:2. πέντε Mt 25:2. πολλοί (1 Macc 5:26; 9:69) J 6:60, 66; 7:31; 11:19, 45. οἱ πλείονες 1 Cor 15:6. οὐδείς (Epict. 1, 29, 37; 1 Macc 5:54; 4 Macc 14:4; Ar. 13, 6; Just., D. 16, 2) J 7:19; 16:5. χιλιάδες ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς Rv 7:4.β. after the indef. pron. (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Herodian 5, 3, 9; 3 Macc 2:30; Jos., Vi. 279) Lk 11:15; J 6:64; 7:25, 44, 48; 9:16; 11:37, 46 al. Also after the interrog. pron. Mt 6:27; 21:31; Lk 11:5; 12:25; 14:28 al.γ. the partitive w. ἐκ as subj. (2 Km 11:17) εἶπαν ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ J 16:17.—Rv 11:9. As obj., pl. Mt 23:34; Lk 11:49; 21:16; 2J 4 (cp. Sir 33:12; Jdth 7:18; 10:17 al.).δ. used w. εἶναι belong to someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 12, 399) καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ you also belong to them Mt 26:73; cp. Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58; J 7:50; 10:26; Ac 21:8; cp. 2 Cl 18:1. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τ. σώματος I do not belong to the body 1 Cor 12:15f; cp. 2 Cl 14:1.ε. after verbs of supplying, receiving, consuming: ἐσθίειν ἔκ τινος (Tob 1:10; Sir 11:19; Jdth 12:2; JosAs 16:8) 1 Cor 9:7; 11:28; J 6:26, 50f; Rv 2:7. πίνειν Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25; J 4:13f; Rv 14:10; χορτάζειν ἔκ τινος gorge w. someth. 19:21 (s. ζ below); μετέχειν 1 Cor 10:17; λαμβάνειν (1 Esdr 6:31; Wsd 15:8) J 1:16; Rv 18:4; Hs 9, 24, 4. τὸ βρέφος … ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ the child took its mother’s breast GJs 19:2; διδόναι (Tob 4:16; Ezk 16:17) Mt 25:8; 1J 4:13. διαδιδόναι (Tob 4:16 A) J 6:11.ζ. after verbs of filling: ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς was filled w. the fragrance J 12:3 cp. Rv 8:5. χορτασθῆναι ἔκ τινος to be satisfied to the full w. someth. Lk 15:16. γέμειν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς be full of greed Mt 23:25.ⓑ in periphrasis for the gen. of price or value for (Palaeph. 45; PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.]; 119, 5 [c. 100 A.D.]; 131, 5; PLond II, 277, 9 p. 217 [23 A.D.]; BGU III, 916, 19 [I A.D.]; PAmh II, 133, 19 [II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 34; B-D-F §179) ἀγοράζειν τι ἔκ τινος Mt 27:7 (POxy 745, 2 [c. 1 A.D.] τ. οἶνον ἠγόρασας ἐκ δραχμῶν ἕξ; EpJer 24); cp. Ac 1:18; Mt 20:2.⑤ marker denoting temporal sequence, fromⓐ of the time when someth. begins from, from … on, for, etc. ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός from birth (Ps 21:11; 70:6; Is 49:1) Mt 19:12 al.; also ἐκ γενετῆς J 9:1 (since Il. 24, 535; Od. 18, 6; s. also γενετή). ἐκ νεότητος (since Il. 14, 86; Ps 70:5; Sir 7:23; Wsd 8:2; 1 Macc 2:66; JosAs 17:4) Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21. ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων for a long time 23:8. ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων a long time before 1 Cl 42:5 (cp. Epict. 2, 16, 17 ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου. Cp. ἐκ πολλοῦ Thu. 1, 68, 3; 2, 88, 2; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν Lysias, Epitaph. 1). ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:21 (cp. X., Hell. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ πάντων προγόνων). ἐκ τ. αἰῶνος since the world began J 9:32 (cp. ἐξ αἰῶνος Sext. Emp., Adv. Math. 9, 76; Diod S 4, 83, 3; Aelian, VH 6, 13; 12, 64; OGI 669, 61; Sir 1:4; 1 Esdr 2:17, 21; Jos., Bell. 5, 442). ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτώ for eight years Ac 9:33; cp. 24:10. ἐξ ἀρχῆς (PTebt 40, 20 [117 B.C.]; Sir 15:14; 39:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1) J 6:64. ἐκ παιδιόθεν fr. childhood Mk 9:21 (s. παιδιόθεν. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων. On the use of ἐκ w. an adv. cp. ἐκ τότε POxy 486 [II A.D.]; ἐκ πρωίθεν 1 Macc 10:80).ⓑ of temporal sequenceα. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 445; Henioch. Com. 5:13 K.; Theocr. 18, 35; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Sir 5:7; Esth 3:7; En 98:8; 103:10).β. ἐκ δευτέρου for the second time, again, s. δεύτερος 2. ἐκ τρίτου Mt 26:44 (ParJer 7:8; cp. PHolm 1, 32 ἐκ τετάρτου).⑥ various uses and unitsⓐ blending of constructions, cp. Rob. 599f: ἐκ for ἐν (Hdt., Thu. et al., s. Kühner-G. I 546f; LXX, e.g. Sus 26 Theod.; 1 Macc 11:41; 13:21; Jdth 15:5) ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει Lk 11:13. μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ Mt 24:17. τὴν ἐκ Λαοδικείας (ἐπιστολὴν) ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀναγνῶτε Col 4:16.ⓑ like the OT use of מִן: ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her Rv 18:20 (cp. Ps 118:84; Is 1:24; En 100:4; 104:3). ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τ. δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς 19:2, cp. 6:10 (both 4 Km 9:7).ⓒ adv. expressions (Just., A I, 2, 1 ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ‘in every way’): ἐξ ἀνάγκης (ἀνάγκη 1). ἐκ συμφώνου by mutual consent (BGU 446, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 257, 13; CPR I, 11, 14 al. in pap; cp. Dssm., NB 82f [BS 225]) 1 Cor 7:5. ἐκ λύπης reluctantly 2 Cor 9:7. ἐκ περισσοῦ extremely (Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 64; Lucian, Pro Merc. Cond. 13; Da 3:22 Theod.; Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 284, 17 [-ττ]) Mk 6:51; 1 Th 5:13 v.l.; ἐκ μέτρου by measure = sparingly J 3:34. ἐκ μέρους (Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 83, 24) part by part = as far as the parts are concerned, individually 1 Cor 12:27 (distributive; cp. PHolm 1, 7 ἐκ δραχμῶν Ϛ´=6 dr. each); mostly in contrast to ‘complete’, only in part 13:9 (BGU 538, 35; 574, 10; 887, 6; 17 al. in pap; EpArist 102). ἐξ ὀνόματος individually, personally, by name IEph 20:2; IPol 4:2; 8:2.ⓓ ἐκ … εἰς w. the same word repeated gives it special emphasis (Plut., Galba 1058 [14, 2] ἐκ προδοσίας εἰς προδοσίαν; Ps 83:8) ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν Ro 1:17.—2 Cor 2:16 (twice).—The result and goal are thus indicated Ro 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54.—DELG s.v. ἐξ. M-M. -
31 fellow
'feləu 1. noun1) (a man: He's quite a nice fellow but I don't like him.) fyr, kar2) ((often as part of a word) a companion and equal: She is playing with her schoolfellows.) venn, kamerat, kollega3) (a member of certain academic societies; a member of the governing body or teaching staff of a college.) (styre)medlem; stipendiat; universitetslektor2. adjective(belonging to the same group, country etc: a fellow student; a fellow music-lover.) med-, sam-, -kamerat- fellow-feelingfyr--------kar--------medlem--------stipendiatsubst. \/ˈfeləʊ\/, \/ˈfelə\/ eller fella1) ( hverdagslig) fyr, kar, gutt, mann• this fellow Jones \/ this Jones fellow• what a fellow!2) menneske• what sort of a fellow are you?3) (amer., hverdagslig) dings, sak, greie• see all those little fellows? They're supposed to go in this slot here4) ( vanlig flertall) kamerater, kolleger, følgesvenner, likemennhan ble skilt fra sitt selskap \/ dem han var sammen med5) medmenneske6) medlem7) ( universitet) forklaring: medlem av styret på et college eller universitet8) forskningsstipendiat, (innehaver av et stipendium for vitenskapelige studier9) ( gammeldags) make, kjærestegutten \/ kjæresten hennes10) motstykke, pendantdisse hanskene er ikke like \/ hører ikke sammen• what is a fellow to do? thefellow ( nedsettende) fyren, hanfellow actor medspiller skuespillerkollegafellow applicant eller fellow candidate annen søker, motkandidatfellow author forfatterkollegafellow being eller fellow creature medmenneske, medskapningfellow believer trosfellefellow Christian medkristenfellow citizen eller fellow countryman medborger, landsmannfellow commoner forklaring: student som har rett til å spise ved samme bord som et styremedlem (ved visse colleger\/universiteter)fellow partisan partifelle, meningsfellefellow poet dikterbror, dikterkollegafellows in crime medskyldigefellows in misfortune lidelsesfellerfellow sufferer lidelsesfellefellow traveller reisekamerat, reisefelle ( politikk) medløper, sympatisørfellow worker arbeidskamerat, kollegalittle fellow guttunge, liten krabatmy dear fellow! kjære deg!poor fellow! stakkars fyr!, stakkars!• what's a poor fellow to do?a queer fellow en raring, en eiendommelig fyrunlucky fellow ulykkesfuglwell, fellow me lad! nå, unge mann! -
32 own
əun 1. verb1) (to have as a possession: I own a car.) eie2) (to admit that something is true: I own that I have not been working very hard.) innrømme, vedgå2. adjective, pronoun(belonging to (the person stated): The house is my own; I saw it with my own eyes.) egen- owner- ownership
- get one's own back
- own upeieIverb \/əʊn\/1) eie, ha2) erkjenne, innrømme, stå ved, vedgå3) kjennes ved, erkjenne, vedkjenne segbe owned by somebody tilhøre noen, være eiet av noenown oneself in the wrong erkjenne at man tar feilown (up) to having done something innrømme å ha gjort noe, tilstå å ha gjort noeown (up) to something innrømme noe, tilstå noe, erkjenne noe, vedgå noe, bekjenne noejeg må tilstå at jeg kjenner\/kjente meg forargetown up tilstå, si det som det erIIadj. \/əʊn\/1) ( vanligvis etter determinativer eller genitiv) egen, eget, egnehun lot henne få sitt eget \/ sin egen• my ownjeg er min egen herre\/jeg er uavhengighun har (sin) egen vilje\/hun vet hva hun vildet har sin (egen) skjønnhet \/ det har en særpreget skjønnhet2) forklaring: som blir gjort egenhendig eller av en selvat one's own expense på egen bekostning, for egen regningat\/in one's own (good) time ved leilighet, når det passer en bestby one's own efforts ved egne anstrengelsercome\/enter into one's own få det som tilkommer en komme til sin rett, få vise hva man duger tileach in his own way hver og én på sin måteget one's own back se ➢ gethold one's own se ➢ hold, 3in one's own mind i sitt stille sinn, innerst innemake something one's own gjøre noe til sitt, tilegne seg noebe one's own man\/woman være sin egen herreon one's own alene, for seg selv, selv, selvstendig, på egen håndhun er sin egen sjef \/ hun er selvstendig næringsdrivendei særklasse• for craftsmanship, he is on his own -
33 fellow
['feləu] 1. noun1) (a man: He's quite a nice fellow but I don't like him.) tipo2) ((often as part of a word) a companion and equal: She is playing with her schoolfellows.) companheiro3) (a member of certain academic societies; a member of the governing body or teaching staff of a college.)2. adjective(belonging to the same group, country etc: a fellow student; a fellow music-lover.) companheiro- fellow-feeling* * *fel.low[f'elou] n 1 companheiro, camarada, colega, sócio, confrade, associado. 2 contemporâneo. 3 membro de um colégio (nas universidades inglesas). 4 membro do conselho de certas universidades. 5 usufruidor de bolsa de estudos. 6 membro de sociedade científica ou literária. 7 parelha, pessoa ou coisa que emparelha com outra, ou que lhe é muito semelhante. 8 igual, par, semelhante, equivalente. these stockings are not fellows / estas meias não são do mesmo par. where is the fellow of this shoe? / onde está o par deste sapato. 9 homem, rapaz. 10 Amer coll galã, galanteador, namorado. 11 coll sujeito, indivíduo. • adj que é da mesma condição, classe, categoria, etc. a good fellow um bom rapaz, um homem jovial. a naughty fellow, a saucy fellow um velhaco. a young fellow moço, mancebo. best fellow melhor amigo. my dear fellow meu caro amigo. old fellow coll meu velho. poor fellow coitado! regular fellow pessoa honesta, agradável, com valores burgueses de moral. to be fellows convir, fazer jogo, emparelhar, andar juntos. what can a fellow do? que se pode fazer? que posso fazer? -
34 fellow
['feləu] 1. noun1) (a man: He's quite a nice fellow but I don't like him.) dečko2) ((often as part of a word) a companion and equal: She is playing with her schoolfellows.) sošolec, kolega3) (a member of certain academic societies; a member of the governing body or teaching staff of a college.) kolega2. adjective(belonging to the same group, country etc: a fellow student; a fellow music-lover.) pripadajoč (isti generaciji, deželi...)- fellow-feeling* * *I [félou]noundružabnik, tovariš; član; deček, fant, človek; štipendist; sodelavec, sošolec, sotrpin; par; član znanstvenega društva; visokošolski profesor; archaic surovežcolloquially let alone a fellow! — daj mi mir!II [félou]adjectiveistega mišljenja, istega poklica, somišljenik -
35 adjuncta
I.Lit., of cattle, to yoke, to harness (cf.:II.jugo, jugum, jungo, etc.): adjunxere feras (preceded by bijugos agitare leones),
Lucr. 2, 604:tauros aratro,
Tib. 1, 9, 7:plostello mures,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 247:tigribus adjunctis aurea lora dabat,
Ov. A. A. 1, 552; so id. Am. 1, 1, 26; Gell. 20, 1.—Hence,Transf.A.Of persons or things, to join or add to. —With ad or dat.:B.ad probos te adjunxeris,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 59;where the figure of yoking is closely adhered to (v. the connection): adjunge te ad currum,
Vulg. Act. 8, 29:socium quaerit, quem adjungat sibi,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 22:comitem T. Volturcium,
Cic. Cat. 3, 4:se comitem fugae,
id. Att. 9, 10, 2:ei proxime adjunctus frater fuit,
id. Brut. 28:viro se,
Verg. A. 8, 13:adjuncti sunt Paulo et Silae,
Vulg. Act. 17, 4:accessionem aedibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 39:ulmis vites,
Verg. G. 1, 2:classem lateri castrorum,
id. A. 9, 69; so esp. freq. of places, lying near, adjacent:huic fundo continentia quaedam praedia et adjuncta mercatur,
Cic. Caec. 4; Nep. Dion. 5; Curt. 8, 1; cf. id. 5, 4; Sil. 8, 642.— Trop.: ad malam aetatem adjungere cruciatum, Pac. ap. Non. 2, 1:imperium credat gravius esse, vi quod fit, quam illud quod amicitia adjungitur,
the command which is put upon him, given him, with kind feeling, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 42.—Hence, adjungere aliquem sibi, to bind to one's self, to enter into friendship with, to make one a friend:familiam colere, adjuvare, adjungere,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 4; Cic. Mur. 19; so Q. Cic. Pet. 7; Nep. Alc. 5, 9; id. Eum. 2; so,agros populo Romano,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2:totam ad imperium pop. R. Ciliciam,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:urbem in societatem,
Liv. 37, 15: sibi aliquem beneficio, to lay one under obligation to one's self, to oblige:quem beneficio adjungas,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 47;also without beneficio: ut parentes propinquosque eorum adjungeret,
Tac. A. 3, 43.—Met. of mental objects, to apply to, to direct to (very freq. and class.):C.animum ad aliquod studium,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 29:fidem visis,
to give credit to, Cic. Ac. 1, 11; id. Div. 2, 55:huc animum ut adjungas tuum,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61:diligentia vestra nobis adjungenda est,
Cic. Clu. 1:ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,
id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24:suspicionem potius ad praedam quam ad egestatem,
to direct suspicion rather to him who possesses the booty, than to him who lives in poverty, id. Rosc. Am. 31.—To add or join something to a thing as an accompaniment, to annex, to subjoin, to let follow or attend: audi atque auditis hostimentum adjungito, hear and let requital follow what is heard, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 154 Vahl.):D.huic voluptati hoc adjunctum est odium,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 34:istam juris scientiam eloquentiae tamquam ancillulam pedisequamque adjunxisti,
Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 236.— Hence of a new thought or circumstance, to add it to the preceding:quod cum dicerem, illud adjunxi: mihi tecum ita, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2:satis erit dictum, si hoc unum adjunxero,
Nep. Epam. 10:His adjungit, Hylan nautae quo fonte relictum Clamassent,
Verg. E. 6, 43 (v. addo, adjicio, etc.):ad ceteras summas utilitates, haec quoque opportunitas adjungatur, ut, etc.,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Adjuncto vero, ut iidem etiam prudentes haberentur,
id. Off. 2, 12.—Hence,In rhet.: adjuncta, n., collateral circumstances:A.loci argumentorum ex adjunctis repeti possunt, ut quaeratur, quid ante rem, quid cum re, quid postea evenerit,
Cic. Top. 12; so id. ib. 18; cf. consequens.—Hence, adjunctus, a, um, P. a.Joined, added to, or connected with a thing:B.quae propiora hujus causae et adjunctiora sunt,
Cic. Clu. 10:ventum ad veram et adjunctissimam quaestionem,
Arn. 7, p. 243.—Hence,adjuncta, ōrum, n., additional circumstances, adjuncts, things closely connected with, belonging or suitable to:semper in adjunctis aevoque morabimur aptis,
Hor. A. P. 178.— Adv. not used. -
36 adjunctus
I.Lit., of cattle, to yoke, to harness (cf.:II.jugo, jugum, jungo, etc.): adjunxere feras (preceded by bijugos agitare leones),
Lucr. 2, 604:tauros aratro,
Tib. 1, 9, 7:plostello mures,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 247:tigribus adjunctis aurea lora dabat,
Ov. A. A. 1, 552; so id. Am. 1, 1, 26; Gell. 20, 1.—Hence,Transf.A.Of persons or things, to join or add to. —With ad or dat.:B.ad probos te adjunxeris,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 59;where the figure of yoking is closely adhered to (v. the connection): adjunge te ad currum,
Vulg. Act. 8, 29:socium quaerit, quem adjungat sibi,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 22:comitem T. Volturcium,
Cic. Cat. 3, 4:se comitem fugae,
id. Att. 9, 10, 2:ei proxime adjunctus frater fuit,
id. Brut. 28:viro se,
Verg. A. 8, 13:adjuncti sunt Paulo et Silae,
Vulg. Act. 17, 4:accessionem aedibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 39:ulmis vites,
Verg. G. 1, 2:classem lateri castrorum,
id. A. 9, 69; so esp. freq. of places, lying near, adjacent:huic fundo continentia quaedam praedia et adjuncta mercatur,
Cic. Caec. 4; Nep. Dion. 5; Curt. 8, 1; cf. id. 5, 4; Sil. 8, 642.— Trop.: ad malam aetatem adjungere cruciatum, Pac. ap. Non. 2, 1:imperium credat gravius esse, vi quod fit, quam illud quod amicitia adjungitur,
the command which is put upon him, given him, with kind feeling, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 42.—Hence, adjungere aliquem sibi, to bind to one's self, to enter into friendship with, to make one a friend:familiam colere, adjuvare, adjungere,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 4; Cic. Mur. 19; so Q. Cic. Pet. 7; Nep. Alc. 5, 9; id. Eum. 2; so,agros populo Romano,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2:totam ad imperium pop. R. Ciliciam,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:urbem in societatem,
Liv. 37, 15: sibi aliquem beneficio, to lay one under obligation to one's self, to oblige:quem beneficio adjungas,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 47;also without beneficio: ut parentes propinquosque eorum adjungeret,
Tac. A. 3, 43.—Met. of mental objects, to apply to, to direct to (very freq. and class.):C.animum ad aliquod studium,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 29:fidem visis,
to give credit to, Cic. Ac. 1, 11; id. Div. 2, 55:huc animum ut adjungas tuum,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61:diligentia vestra nobis adjungenda est,
Cic. Clu. 1:ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,
id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24:suspicionem potius ad praedam quam ad egestatem,
to direct suspicion rather to him who possesses the booty, than to him who lives in poverty, id. Rosc. Am. 31.—To add or join something to a thing as an accompaniment, to annex, to subjoin, to let follow or attend: audi atque auditis hostimentum adjungito, hear and let requital follow what is heard, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 154 Vahl.):D.huic voluptati hoc adjunctum est odium,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 34:istam juris scientiam eloquentiae tamquam ancillulam pedisequamque adjunxisti,
Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 236.— Hence of a new thought or circumstance, to add it to the preceding:quod cum dicerem, illud adjunxi: mihi tecum ita, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2:satis erit dictum, si hoc unum adjunxero,
Nep. Epam. 10:His adjungit, Hylan nautae quo fonte relictum Clamassent,
Verg. E. 6, 43 (v. addo, adjicio, etc.):ad ceteras summas utilitates, haec quoque opportunitas adjungatur, ut, etc.,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Adjuncto vero, ut iidem etiam prudentes haberentur,
id. Off. 2, 12.—Hence,In rhet.: adjuncta, n., collateral circumstances:A.loci argumentorum ex adjunctis repeti possunt, ut quaeratur, quid ante rem, quid cum re, quid postea evenerit,
Cic. Top. 12; so id. ib. 18; cf. consequens.—Hence, adjunctus, a, um, P. a.Joined, added to, or connected with a thing:B.quae propiora hujus causae et adjunctiora sunt,
Cic. Clu. 10:ventum ad veram et adjunctissimam quaestionem,
Arn. 7, p. 243.—Hence,adjuncta, ōrum, n., additional circumstances, adjuncts, things closely connected with, belonging or suitable to:semper in adjunctis aevoque morabimur aptis,
Hor. A. P. 178.— Adv. not used. -
37 adjungo
I.Lit., of cattle, to yoke, to harness (cf.:II.jugo, jugum, jungo, etc.): adjunxere feras (preceded by bijugos agitare leones),
Lucr. 2, 604:tauros aratro,
Tib. 1, 9, 7:plostello mures,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 247:tigribus adjunctis aurea lora dabat,
Ov. A. A. 1, 552; so id. Am. 1, 1, 26; Gell. 20, 1.—Hence,Transf.A.Of persons or things, to join or add to. —With ad or dat.:B.ad probos te adjunxeris,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 59;where the figure of yoking is closely adhered to (v. the connection): adjunge te ad currum,
Vulg. Act. 8, 29:socium quaerit, quem adjungat sibi,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 22:comitem T. Volturcium,
Cic. Cat. 3, 4:se comitem fugae,
id. Att. 9, 10, 2:ei proxime adjunctus frater fuit,
id. Brut. 28:viro se,
Verg. A. 8, 13:adjuncti sunt Paulo et Silae,
Vulg. Act. 17, 4:accessionem aedibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 39:ulmis vites,
Verg. G. 1, 2:classem lateri castrorum,
id. A. 9, 69; so esp. freq. of places, lying near, adjacent:huic fundo continentia quaedam praedia et adjuncta mercatur,
Cic. Caec. 4; Nep. Dion. 5; Curt. 8, 1; cf. id. 5, 4; Sil. 8, 642.— Trop.: ad malam aetatem adjungere cruciatum, Pac. ap. Non. 2, 1:imperium credat gravius esse, vi quod fit, quam illud quod amicitia adjungitur,
the command which is put upon him, given him, with kind feeling, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 42.—Hence, adjungere aliquem sibi, to bind to one's self, to enter into friendship with, to make one a friend:familiam colere, adjuvare, adjungere,
Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 4; Cic. Mur. 19; so Q. Cic. Pet. 7; Nep. Alc. 5, 9; id. Eum. 2; so,agros populo Romano,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2:totam ad imperium pop. R. Ciliciam,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:urbem in societatem,
Liv. 37, 15: sibi aliquem beneficio, to lay one under obligation to one's self, to oblige:quem beneficio adjungas,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 47;also without beneficio: ut parentes propinquosque eorum adjungeret,
Tac. A. 3, 43.—Met. of mental objects, to apply to, to direct to (very freq. and class.):C.animum ad aliquod studium,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 29:fidem visis,
to give credit to, Cic. Ac. 1, 11; id. Div. 2, 55:huc animum ut adjungas tuum,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 61:diligentia vestra nobis adjungenda est,
Cic. Clu. 1:ut aliquis metus adjunctus sit ad gratiam,
id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24:suspicionem potius ad praedam quam ad egestatem,
to direct suspicion rather to him who possesses the booty, than to him who lives in poverty, id. Rosc. Am. 31.—To add or join something to a thing as an accompaniment, to annex, to subjoin, to let follow or attend: audi atque auditis hostimentum adjungito, hear and let requital follow what is heard, Enn. ap. Fest. s. v. redhostire, p. 270 Müll. (Trag. v. 154 Vahl.):D.huic voluptati hoc adjunctum est odium,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 34:istam juris scientiam eloquentiae tamquam ancillulam pedisequamque adjunxisti,
Cic. de Or. 1, 55, 236.— Hence of a new thought or circumstance, to add it to the preceding:quod cum dicerem, illud adjunxi: mihi tecum ita, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2:satis erit dictum, si hoc unum adjunxero,
Nep. Epam. 10:His adjungit, Hylan nautae quo fonte relictum Clamassent,
Verg. E. 6, 43 (v. addo, adjicio, etc.):ad ceteras summas utilitates, haec quoque opportunitas adjungatur, ut, etc.,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Adjuncto vero, ut iidem etiam prudentes haberentur,
id. Off. 2, 12.—Hence,In rhet.: adjuncta, n., collateral circumstances:A.loci argumentorum ex adjunctis repeti possunt, ut quaeratur, quid ante rem, quid cum re, quid postea evenerit,
Cic. Top. 12; so id. ib. 18; cf. consequens.—Hence, adjunctus, a, um, P. a.Joined, added to, or connected with a thing:B.quae propiora hujus causae et adjunctiora sunt,
Cic. Clu. 10:ventum ad veram et adjunctissimam quaestionem,
Arn. 7, p. 243.—Hence,adjuncta, ōrum, n., additional circumstances, adjuncts, things closely connected with, belonging or suitable to:semper in adjunctis aevoque morabimur aptis,
Hor. A. P. 178.— Adv. not used. -
38 θετικός
A fit for placing, ὀνομάτων θ. prompt at giving names, D.H.Comp.16, cf. Ph.2.101. Adv. - κῶς appositely, D.H.Rh.3.5.III belonging to a θέσις, disputable,ὑπόθεσις Philostr.VS2.6
; τὰ θ. τῶν χωρίων ib.29; so τὰ θ. alone, Phld.Rh.1.206S.;θ. κεφάλαιον Theon Prog.2
; τὴν ζήτησιν θ. ποιεῖσθαι to make the question a matter of argument, Str.2.3.7; Lat. genus instituendi θετικώτερον, addressed to reason rather than feeling, Cic.QF3.3.4. Adv. [comp] Comp.- κώτερον Aps. p.333H.
IV positive, affirmative, opp. negative ([etym.] ἀρνητικός), Numen. ap. Eus.PE14.8. Adv. - κῶς positively, affirmatively, D.L.9.75; οὐ λίαν θ. not very positively, Phld.Rh.1.371S.2 Gramm., positive, τὸ θετικόν the positive degree, Sch.D Il.4.277.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θετικός
-
39 sense
sense [sens]sens ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c), 1 (e), 1 (f) sensation ⇒ 1 (b) sentiment ⇒ 1 (b) notion ⇒ 1 (c) bon sens ⇒ 1 (d) sentir ⇒ 2 (a) raison ⇒ 31 noun∎ the five senses les cinq sens mpl;∎ to have a keen sense of smell/hearing avoir l'odorat fin/l'ouïe fine;∎ she seemed to have a sixth sense elle semblait posséder un sixième sens;∎ to be in possession of all one's senses jouir de toutes ses facultés;∎ to excite the senses exciter les sens∎ a sense of pleasure/warmth une sensation de plaisir/chaleur;∎ I felt a certain sense of pleasure j'ai ressenti un certain plaisir;∎ a sense of achievement/injustice un sentiment d'accomplissement/d'injustice;∎ to have a sense of belonging avoir le sentiment d'être intégré;∎ I felt a sense of shame je me suis senti honteux;∎ children need a sense of security les enfants ont besoin de se sentir en sécurité;∎ there's a new sense of foreboding in her writing ses écrits sont maintenant empreints d'un sentiment d'angoisse devant l'avenir∎ she seems to have lost all sense of reality elle semble avoir perdu le sens des réalités;∎ I lost all sense of time j'ai perdu toute notion de l'heure;∎ to have a (good) sense of direction avoir le sens de l'orientation;∎ figurative she lost her sense of direction when her husband died elle s'est sentie complètement désorientée après la mort de son mari;∎ he has a good sense of humour il a le sens de l'humour;∎ I try to teach them a sense of right and wrong j'essaie de leur inculquer la notion du bien et du mal;∎ she acted out of a sense of duty/of responsibility elle a agi par sens du devoir/des responsabilités;∎ they have no business sense at all ils n'ont aucun sens des affaires;∎ he has an overdeveloped sense of his own importance il est trop imbu de lui-même(d) (practical wisdom) bon sens m;∎ to show good sense faire preuve de bon sens;∎ there's a lot of sense in what she says il y beaucoup de bon sens dans ce qu'elle dit, ce qu'elle dit est tout à fait sensé;∎ to have the (good) sense to do sth avoir l'intelligence ou le bon sens de faire qch;∎ to have more sense than to do sth avoir assez de bon sens pour ne pas faire qch;∎ they didn't even have enough sense to telephone ils n'ont même pas eu l'idée de téléphoner(e) (reason, rational quality) sens m;∎ there's no sense in all of us going cela ne rime à rien d'y aller tous;∎ I can't see any sense or the sense in continuing this discussion je ne vois pas l'intérêt de continuer cette discussion;∎ to see sense entendre raison;∎ to talk sense dire des choses sensées;∎ oh, come on, talk sense! voyons, ne dis pas n'importe quoi!;∎ can you make (any) sense of this message? est-ce que vous arrivez à comprendre ce message?;∎ it makes no sense ça n'a pas de sens;∎ it makes/doesn't make sense to wait c'est une bonne idée/idiot d'attendre;∎ it makes more sense to do this first c'est plus logique de commencer par cela;∎ that makes good sense c'est logique, c'est une bonne idée;∎ it makes good political/business sense to… il est bon sur le plan politique/commercial de…∎ don't take what I say in its literal sense ne prenez pas ce que je dis au sens propre ou au pied de la lettre;∎ in every sense of the word dans tous les sens du terme;∎ in the normal sense (of the word) à proprement parler;∎ I got the general sense j'ai saisi le sens général;∎ I think we have, in a very real sense, grasped the problem je crois que nous avons parfaitement saisi le problème;∎ this is not in any real sense a change of policy ça ne représente pas du tout un changement de politique;∎ in a sense dans un sens;∎ in no sense en aucune manière;∎ in more senses than one dans tous les sens;∎ in the sense that… en ce sens que…, dans le sens où…∎ I sensed something was wrong j'ai senti que quelque chose n'allait pas;∎ I sensed as much c'est bien l'impression ou le sentiment que j'avais;∎ I sensed her meaning j'ai compris ce qu'elle voulait dire(sanity, reason) raison f;∎ to come to one's senses (become conscious) reprendre connaissance; (be reasonable) revenir à la raison;∎ to take leave of one's senses perdre la raison ou la tête;∎ to bring sb to his/her senses ramener qn à la raison►► sense organ organe m sensoriel ou des sens -
40 κοινωνία
κοινωνία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Pind.+; ins, pap, LXX; JosAs 7:6 cod. A; Philo [Mos. 1, 158 of communion w. God]; Joseph.; loanw. in rabb.; Just.; Tat. 18, 2; Ath.; Iren. 4, 18, 5 [Harv. II 205, 4] w. ἕνωσις).① close association involving mutual interests and sharing, association, communion, fellowship, close relationship (hence a favorite expr. for the marital relationship as the most intimate betw. human beings Isocr. 3, 40; BGU 1051, 9 [I A.D.]; 1052, 7; POxy 1473, 33; 3 Macc 4:6; Jos., Ant. 1, 304; Did., Gen 235, 18. But s. also Diod S 10, 8, 2 ἡ τοῦ βίου κ.=the common type or bond of life that unites the Pythagoreans) τινός with or to someone (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 20, 3; Herodian 1, 10, 1; τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 56, 6); hence there is linguistic warrant to transl.: κ. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ fellowship with God’s Son 1 Cor 1:9 (s. 4 below) and κ. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος fellowship w. the Holy Spirit 2 Cor 13:13 (so JSickenberger comm. [Bonnerbibel 1919; 4th ed. ’32] ad loc. in the Trinitarian sense but s. WKümmel, appendix to HLtzm. comm. [Hdb]). Others take the latter gen. as a subjective gen. or gen. of quality fellowship brought about by the Holy Spirit (APlummer, w. reservations, comm. 2 Cor [ICC] et al.; TSchmidt, D. Leib Christi 1919, 135; s. 4 below). Corresp. κ. πνεύματος fellowship w. the Spirit Phil 2:1 (Synes., Prov. 1, 15 p. 108c κ. γνώμης=community of will and s. 2 below).—κοινωνία(ν ἔχειν) μετά τινος ( have) fellowship w. someone (cp. Job 34:8) w. God 1J 1:3b, 6 (cp. Epict. 2, 19, 27 περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν Δία κοινωνίας βουλευόμενον; Jos., Bell. 7, 264, C. Ap. 1, 35 [both πρός w. acc.]); w. fellow Christians vss. 3a, 7. εἴς τι (POxf 5f) ἡ κ. εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον close relationship w. the gospel Phil 1:5. ηὐδόκησαν κ. τινὰ ποιήσασθαι εἰς τοὺς πτωχούς they have undertaken to establish a rather close relation w. the poor Ro 15:26 (sim. GPeterman, Make a Contribution or Establish Fellowship: NTS 40, ’94, 457–63; but some prefer 3 below).—κ. πρός w. acc. connection with, relation to (Pla., Symp. 188c; Galen, Protr. 9 p. 28, 7 J.; SIG 646, 54 [170 B.C.]; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 110 τίς οὖν κοινωνία πρὸς Ἀπόλλωνα τῷ μηδὲν οἰκεῖον ἐπιτετηδευκότι; cp. Jos., C. Ap. 2, 208; τοῦ πατρὸς πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν κ. Ath. 12, 2; πρὸς τὸ θειότερον κ. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 47) τίς κ. φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος; what does darkness have in common with light? 2 Cor 6:14 (cp. Sir 13:2, 17f; Aristoph., Thes. 140 τίς κατόπτρου καὶ ξίφους κοινωνία;).—Abs. fellowship, (harmonious) unity (Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 26) Ac 2:42 (s. JFitzmyer, PSchubert Festschr. ’66, 242–44 [Acts-Qumran] suggests that ‘community of goods’ [יחד] may be meant here, as 1QS 1, 11–13; 6, 17. On the problem of this term s. HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT, I, ’66; 143–50; s. also ACarr, The Fellowship of Ac 2:42 and Cognate Words: Exp. 8th ser., 5, 1913, 458ff). δεξιὰς κοινωνίας διδόναι τινί give someone the right hand of fellowship Gal 2:9 (JSampley, Pauline Partnership in Christ ’80, argues for a legal notion of ‘consensual societas’ but s. New Docs 3, 19).—κ. also has the concrete mng. society, brotherhood as a closely knit majority, naturally belonging together: Maximus Tyr. 15, 4b τί ἐστὶν τὸ τῆς κοινωνίας συμβόλαιον; what is the contribution (i.e., of the philosopher) to the community or (human) society? 16, 2m δημώδεις κοινωνίαι=meetings of the common people.—On ancient clubs and associations s. Poland; also JWaltzing, Étude historique sur les corporations professionnelles chez les Romaine, 4 vols. 1895–1900; EZiebarth, Das griechische Vereinswesen 1896.② attitude of good will that manifests an interest in a close relationship, generosity, fellow-feeling, altruism (Epict. in Stob. 43 Sch. χρηστότητι κοινωνίας; Arrian, Anab. 7, 11, 9 κ. beside ὁμόνοια; Herm. Wr. 13, 9 [opp. πλεονεξία]) ἁπλότης τῆς κ. εἴς τινα 2 Cor 9:13. W. εὐποιί̈α Hb 13:16. The context permits this mng. also Phil 2:1 (s. 1 above). The transition to the next mng. is easy.③ abstr. for concr. sign of fellowship, proof of brotherly unity, even gift, contribution (Lev 5:21; ins of Asia Minor: κ.=‘subsidy’ [Rdm.2 10]) Ro 15:26 (s. 1 above). Under this head we may perh. classify κοινωνία τ. αἵματος (σώματος) τοῦ Χριστοῦ a means for attaining a close relationship with the blood (body) of Christ 1 Cor 10:16ab (s. 4 below).④ participation, sharing τινός in someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 67 §306 κ. τῶν παρόντων=in the present undertakings; 5, 71 §299 κ. τῆς ἀρχῆς in the rule; Polyaenus 6, 7, 2 κ. τοῦ μιάσματος in the foul deed; Maximus Tyr. 19, 3b τῆς ἀρετῆς; Synes., Kgdm. 13 p. 12c. κ. τῶν ἔργων=in the deeds of others; Wsd 8:18; Jos., Ant. 2, 62) ὅπως ἡ κ. τῆς πίστεώς σου ἐνεργὴς γένηται that your participation in the faith may be made known through your deeds Phlm 6. γνῶναι κοινωνίαν παθημάτων αὐτοῦ become aware of sharing his sufferings Phil 3:10. ἡ κ. τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους taking part in the relief of God’s people 2 Cor 8:4. Perh. this is the place for 1 Cor 1:9 (s. 1 above); 2 Cor 13:13 ( participation in the Holy Spirit: Ltzm., Kümmel in appendix to Ltzm. comm., Windisch, Seesemann [s. below] 70; Goodsp., Probs. 169f; s. 1 above.—Cp. τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος κ. of ecstasy Did., Gen. 230, 16); 1 Cor 10:16 (participation in the blood [body] of Christ. So ASchlatter, Pls der Bote Jesu ’34, 295f et al.; s. 3 above. But perh. here κοινωνία w. gen. means the common possession or enjoyment of someth. [Diod S 8, 5, 1 ἀγελῶν κ.= of the flocks; Maximus Tyr. 19, 3b ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ τῆς ἀρετῆς=for the common possession of excellence; Diog. L. 7, 124; Synes., Kgdm. 20 p. 24b; Hierocles 6, 428: we are to choose the best man as friend and unite ourselves with him πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀρετῶν κοινωνίαν=for the common possession or enjoyment of virtues; 7, 429 τῶν καλῶν τὴν κ.]. Then 1 Cor 10:16 would be: Do not the cup and the bread mean the common partaking of the body and blood of Christ? After all, we all partake of one and the same bread). Eph 3:9 v.l. (for οἰκονομία)—JCampbell, Κοινωνία and Its Cognates in the NT: JBL 51, ’32, 352–80; EGroenewald, Κοινωνία (gemeenskap) bij Pls, diss. Amst. ’32; HSeesemann, D. Begriff Κοινωνία im NT ’33; PEndenburg, Koinoonia … bij de Grieken in den klass. tijd ’37; HFord, The NT Conception of Fellowship: Shane Quarterly 6, ’45, 188–215; GJourdan, Κοινωνία in 1 Cor 10:16: JBL 67, ’48, 111–24; KNickle, The Collection, A Study in Paul’s Strategy, ’66.—EDNT additional bibl. S. also RAC IX 1100–1145.—DELG s.v. κοινός. M-M. TW. Sv.
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