fīnītĭo

fīnītĭo, ōnis, f. [finio] (post-Aug.).

A limiting, limit, boundary, Vitr. 2, 1 fin.; 5, 4 fin.; 8, 1.—

A determining, assigning, viz.,

Lit., a division, part, Hyg. Astr. 1, 6 fin. —

Trop.

A definition, explanation (esp. freq. in Quint.):

finitio est rei propositae propria et dilucida et breviter comprehensa verbis enunciatio,

Quint. 7, 3, 2 sq.; 2, 15, 34; 3, 6, 49; 5, 10, 63 et saep.; Gell. 15, 9, 11.—

A rule:

illam quasi finitionem veluti quandam legem sanxerunt, eos tantum surculos posse coalescere, qui, etc.,

Col. 5, 11, 12.—

An end; esp.,

The end of life, death, Inscr. Grut. 810, 10:

FATI,

Inscr. Orell. 4776.—

Completeness:

progressum esse ad hanc finitionem,

Vitr. 2, 1, 8.

1) ограничение, пределы Vtr

2) определение, разъяснение (f. est rei propositae verbis enuntiatio Q)

3) правило, закон (f. veluti quaedam lex Col)

4) законченность, завершённость ( progressus ad finitionem Vtr)

5) конец

fīnītio, ōnis, f. (finio), I) die Begrenzung, Vitr. 5, 4, 7 (wo Plur.) u.a. – II) übtr.: A) die Bestimmung, 1) = Einteilung, Teil, Hyg. astr. 1, 6 extr. – 2) = erklärende Bestimmung, Erklärung, Definition, Vitr., Sen. rhet., Quint. u.a. – 3) die Bestimmung = Regel, das Gesetz, Col. u. Gell. – B) die Vollendung, 1) = das Lebensende, dies finitionis, Vulg. Sirach 40, 2: dies finitionis suae, Corp. inscr. Lat. 9. 984: f. fati, Corp. inscr. Lat. 6, 26338. 2) = Grad der Vollkommenheit, enutritum et progressum esse gradatim ad hanc finitionem, Vitr. 2, 1, 8.

in-expūgnābilis, e, unbezwinglich, uneinnehmbar, unüberwindlich, I) eig.: a) im engern Sinne: murus, Sen.: urbs munitionibus et naturali situ inexpugnabilis, Liv.: inexpugnabilis terrestri ac maritimo situ urbs (v. Syrakus), Liv.: ibi alto et munito loco arcem inexpugnabilem fore, Liv. – v. Pers., inexp. exercitus, Iustin.: incolae, Curt.: Perustae angustiis saltuum paene inexpugnabiles, Vell. – b) im weitern Sinne: gramen, unausrottbares, Ov.: terra, unzerschlagbare, undurchbrechbare, Plin.: via, ungangbarer, Liv. – II) übtr.: necessitas dormiendi, Cels.: finitio verborum, Quint.: m. Dat., inexp. amori pectus, Ov.: naturalis affectio inexp. rationi, Sen. – v. Pers., volumus eum, qui beatus sit, tutum esse, inexpugnabilem, saeptum atque munitum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 41: m. adversus u. Akk., inexp. vir adversus insidias, Sen. nat. qu. 4. praef. § 11.

fīnis, is (abl. regularly fine;

fini,

Lucr. 1, 978;

also fine,

ib. 976;

and adverb. fini, ea fini, qua fini,

Cato, R. R. 21, 3; 28, 2; 154; Gell. 1, 3, 30; 7, 3, 29; Dig. 16, 2, 19), m. (f. mostly ante- and post-class. and poet., and only in sing., Att., Caecil., Varr., Sisenn. ap. Non. 205, 6 sq.; Lucr. 1, 107; 551; 555; 561 sq.; cf. Lachm. p. 43; Verg. A. 2, 554; 5, 328; 384; 12, 793 al.;

rarely in class. prose,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Att. 9, 10, 4; Liv. 4, 2, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 9, 26, 9; 22, 57, 5; Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 82; 33, 1, 1, § 3; 33, 6, 31, § 98 al.; plur. f. only Varr. L. L. 5, 1, 13; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 703) [for fidnis, root bhid-, fid-, v. findo; for the suffix, cf.: pa-nis, ig-nis, etc.], a boundary, limit, border, = terminus, horos.

Lit.:

accessit propius et jam ingrediens intra finem ejus loci, quem oleae terminabant, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

fere ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae,

Liv. 40, 16, 5; cf. id. 33, 37, 6:

Philaenōn arae, quem locum Aegyptum vorsus finem imperii habuere Carthaginienses,

Sall. J. 19, 3:

quem ad finem porrecta ac loca aperta pertinebant, cedentes (hostes) insequi,

as far as, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5:

quibus venientibus ad finem legatio Veientium obviam fuit,

Liv. 4, 58, 1; cf.:

nulla legatio ad finem praesto fuerat,

id. 38, 15, 10; 10, 35, 1:

haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris,

id. 28, 5, 5; cf. id. 35, 27, 9 Drak.—In plur.:

vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 93:

nec Mamilia lege singuli, sed ex his tres arbitri fines regemus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55 (v. rego, I. B.):

in finibus Lycaoniae, mihi litterae redditae sunt,

id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Q. Fabius Labeo arbiter Nolanis et Neapolitanis de finibus a senatu datus... fines [p. 752] terminare, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; cf.:

SEX. ATILIVS INTER ATESTINOS ET VEICETINOS FINIS TERMINOSQVE STATVI IVSIT,

Inscr. Orell. 3110:

fines proferre, propagare,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12; id. Mur. 9, 22:

inter eos fines, quos feci,

Liv. 1, 18, 9:

atque hominum finem Gades Calpenque secutus,

Sil. 1, 141.—

Transf.

In plur., borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries:

propere de finibus suis exercitus deducerent,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60:

per agrum Sequanorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 1; cf.:

si suas copias Aedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint,

id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

civitatum fines incolere,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

ego his finibus ejectus sum, quos, etc.,

Sall. J. 14, 8:

neque flumen neque mons erat, qui fines eorum discerneret,

id. ib. 79, 3:

Multum interest, alienos populare fines an tuos uri exscindive videas,

Liv. 28, 44, 2:

veteres nullum animal sacrum in finibus suis esse patiebantur, sed abigebant ad fines deorum, quibus sacrum esset,

where these gods were worshipped, Macr. S. 3, 7, 6.—

Fine or fini alicujus rei, up to, as far as, a certain point (very rare):

matresfamiliae de muro pectoris fine prominentes passis manibus obtestabantur Romanos, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5 Oud. N. cr. (al. pectore nudo); so,

fine inguinum ingrediuntur mare,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 38 Gerl. (in Arus. Mess. p. 231 ed. Lind.):

fine genūs vestem ritu succincta Dianae,

Ov. M. 10, 536:

per mare umbilici fine ingressi, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 1: amphoras nolito implere nimium ansarum infimarum fini,

Cato, R. R. 113, 2: Asiam orientis fine a Macedonibus perdomitam, Justin. 30, 4.

Trop., a limit, bound:

Crassus mihi visus est oratoris facultatem non illius artis terminis, sed ingenii sui finibus, immensis paene, describere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; cf.:

certos mihi fines terminosque constituam, extra quos egredi non possim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

finem et modum transire,

to go beyond all bounds and measure, id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf.:

transcendere fines Juris,

Lucr. 3, 60:

modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultraque citraque nequit consistere rectum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 106:

intra Naturae fines vivere,

id. ib. 50:

(dixit) mulierem quinque pueros enixam... eumque esse finem multijugae hominum partionis,

Gell. 10, 2, 1:

consulta, quibus sedecim stipendiorum finem expresserant,

term, limit, Tac. A. 1, 78:

his finibus luxuriam coercere,

Gell. 2, 24, 15.—Hence, the starting-point in a race:

Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes Prosiluere suis (of vessels),

Verg. A. 5, 139.—

Transf., like telos.

An end:

in hoc (aequo judicio) uno denique falsae infamiae finis aliquis atque exitus reperiatur,

Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

dicendi finem facere,

id. Sest. 65, 136; cf.:

si placet, in hunc diem hactenus... finem disputandi facere,

id. Rep. 2, 44 fin.:

scribendi,

id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

maledictis,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 34:

injuriis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 1:

vitae finem afferre alicui,

Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

quando finem habet motus, vivendi finem habeat necesse est,

id. Rep. 6, 25:

finem judiciariae controversiae constituere,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5:

oratio lecta ad eum finem, quem, etc.,

as far as, id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

ludus repertus, et longorum operum finis,

Hor. A. P. 406:

imperium sine fine,

everlasting, Verg. A. 1, 279:

pigetque actorum sine fine mihi,

Ov. M. 2, 387:

poscens sine fine oscula,

id. ib. 4, 334 al.—Adverb.: ad eum finem, until that:

amor bestiarum in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

mansit in condicione usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: quem ad finem, till when? how long? quamdiu furor iste tuus eludet? quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

piratam vivum tenuisti: quem ad finem? dum cum imperio fuisti,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Mur. 5, 11; id. Fam. 9, 26, 1; cf.: Lu. Sequere... In. Sequor:

sed finem fore quem dicam nescio (i. e. sequendi),

Plaut. Trin. prol. 2.—

In partic.

The end of life, latter end, death (not till after the Aug. per.):

comperit invidiam supremo fine domari,

i. e. after death, Hor. Ep. 2, 11, 12: tu ne quaesieris, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem di dederint, id. C. 1, 11, 2:

nec quicquam jam de fine, si fata poscerent, recusans,

Vell. 2, 123, 2; Sen. Ep. 30, 3; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext.:

septem a Neronis fine menses sunt,

Tac. H. 1, 37:

Augusti,

id. A. 1, 4; 1, 16; 2, 39:

voluntarius,

id. ib. 4, 19; 15, 63 et saep.—

The end, extremity of an ascending series, i. e. the highest point, greatest degree, summit: sentis credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 11; and:

ad finem bonorum, quo referuntur et cujus causa sunt facienda omnia,

the chief good, id. Leg. 1, 20, 52:

fines bonorum et malorum,

id. Fin. 1, 17, 55; hence the title of Cicero's treatise De Finibus, analog. to the Gr. peri telôn; cf. id. Att. 13, 21, 4, with ib. 19, 4:

honorum populi finis est consulatus,

id. Planc. 25, 60:

quemque sperandi sibi, eundem bene dicendi finem proponerent,

id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

duodecim tabulae, finis aequi juris,

Tac. A. 3, 27. —

An end, purpose, aim, object (but an end subjectively regarded, as an intention, or design, is propositum, consilium, mens, etc.):

omnes artes habere finem aliquem propositum, ad quem tendunt,

Quint. 2, 17, 22:

laudis et gloriae,

id. 8, 3, 11:

domus finis est usus,

Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

officium ejus facultatis videtur esse, dicere apposite ad persuasionem: finis, persuadere dictione,

id. Inv. 1, 5, 6; cf. id. ib. 2, 51, 156; id. Part. Or. 4, 11; id. de Or. 1, 42, 188; 2, 34, 145; Quint. 2, 15, 6:

quem finem vel quid summum et ultimum habeat rhetorice,

id. ib. 38:

volgaris liberalitas referenda est ad illum Ennii finem, Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52:

ad finem vitae,

Quint. 2, 17, 41:

medicinae,

id. ib. 25; 2, 21, 3.—

An intention, design, end in view (very rare; cf. g supra):

quod ad eum finem memoravimus, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 64.—

In rhet. lang., i. q. finitio and definitio, qs. an explanatory limiting, a definition, explanation (perh. not in Cic., but repeatedly in Quint.):

dicuntur argumenta ex finitione seu fine,

Quint. 5, 10, 54:

est frequentissimus finis, rhetoricen esse vim persuadendi,

id. 2, 15, 3; id. ib. 11 sq.; 4, 4, 3 Spald. N. cr. —

In the later jurid. Lat., a measure, amount:

placuit, ut fructus hypothecarum usuris compensaret, fini legitimae usurae,

Dig. 20, 1, 1:

finem pretii, deminuere vel excedere,

ib. 21, 2, 66:

ad finem peculii legata praestare,

ib. 49, 17, 17.

frĕquens, entis, adj. [root phrak-, phrassô, to enclose, make close; Lat. farcio, fartilis, etc.; cf. Germ. Berg, Burg], that takes place repeatedly, often, or frequently, often, frequent (class.; syn.: celeber, creber).

Lit.

Of persons, that is often at a place, or that often does a thing, regular, constant, repeated (syn.:

assiduus, creber, multus): erat ille Romae frequens, in foro et in ore omnium cottidie versabatur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

quibuscum si frequentes sunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 80.— Comp.:

quod filium frequentiorem prope cum illis quam secum cernebat,

Liv. 39, 53, 11:

Demosthenes frequens fuit Platonis auditor,

an assiduous hearer, Cic. Or. 4, 45:

nos autem in hoc genere (orationis) frequentes,

id. ib. 50, 167:

sed in utroque frequentiores sunt poëtae,

id. ib. 60, 202; cf.

spectator,

Quint. 10, 5, 19:

conviva,

Mart. 9, 98, 10:

frequentem ad signa esse,

Liv. 3, 24, 5:

adesse senatui,

Tac. A. 4, 55; so with dat.:

contionibus,

id. H. 4, 69 fin.:

secretis,

id. A. 4, 3:

in ore frequens posteritatis eris,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 34:

frequens te audivi atque affui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 243.— Poet. with inf.:

hic hominum casus lenire et demere fatis Jura frequens,

Stat. Th. 7, 706.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things, repeated, often, frequent, common, usual:

mihi frequentem operam dedistis,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 7:

(senectus) caret epulis exstructisque mensis et frequentibus poculis,

Cic. de Sen. 13, 44:

frequentiores (lactucae) in cibo,

Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 68:

frequentes litterae,

Suet. Tib. 11:

edicta,

id. Ner. 41:

iambus et trochaeus frequens,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 182; cf.:

(verbum igitur) cum apud alios sit etiam frequens, apud alios numquam reperiatur,

Quint. 1, 5, 39:

opera (= assidua),

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 7; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 99: frequentiora latrocinia, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 1:

familiaritas,

Nep. Att. 19 fin.:

honores,

id. Phoc. 1:

comparationis usus,

Quint. 8, 6, 14:

frequentior usus anulorum,

Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 17; cf.:

nec fuit alia gemma apud antiquos usu frequentior,

id. 37, 7, 31, § 106:

frequentior fama,

Liv. 2, 32, 3: sententia, held or adopted by many, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 6:

frequens apud Graecos adagium,

Gell. 1, 8, 4; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 37:

id frequentius est, quam ut exemplis confirmandum sit,

id. 4, 1, 75; 9, 2, 53:

esse videatur, jam nimis frequens, octonarium incohat,

id. 9, 4, 73.— With a subject-clause:

erat adhuc frequens senatoribus, si quid, etc....loco sententiae promere, = usitatum,

Tac. A. 2, 33:

parere ergo exceptionem rei judicatae, frequens est,

Dig. 44, 2, 6.

Transf., of a multitude, assembled in great numbers, full, crowded, numerous:

videt multos equites Romanos, frequentes praeterea cives atque socios,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

refert etiam, qui audiant, frequentes an pauci an singuli,

id. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

major frequentiorque legatio,

Liv. 5, 5, 10:

senatus fuit frequentior quam, etc.... frequentes fuimus, omnino ad ducentos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

senatus frequens convenit,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 3; cf.:

senatus frequens vocatu Drusi in curiam venit,

id. de Or. 3, 1, 2; Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 111; cf.

also: frequentissimo senatu,

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99:

ad frequentiores consultatio dilata,

Liv. 35, 7, 1:

legem populi frequentis suffragiis abrogare,

Cic. Brut. 62, 222:

mane Germani frequentes ad eum in castra venerunt,

in great numbers, Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 4; cf.:

eodem conveniunt undique frequentes,

id. ib. 7, 63, 6; id. B. C. 1, 13, 1:

frequenti consessu,

Suet. Aug. 44:

convivio frequenti,

id. Caes. 31; id. Tib. 61:

frequenti auditorio,

id. Claud. 41:

equites Romani, qui frequentissimi in gradibus Concordiae steterunt,

Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21:

huc postero die quam frequentissimi conveniunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11, 5:

frequens ibi hic piscis,

Plin. 9, 59, 85, § 180: huc frequens Caementa demittit redemptor Cum famulis ( poet. for famulis frequentibus), Hor. C. 3, 1, 34.—

Of places filled with a multitude, filled, full, crowded, populous, much frequented, well stocked (syn.: plenus, abundans).— Constr. absol., with abl., and in Tac. also [p. 780] with gen.

Absol.:

frequentissimum theatrum,

Cic. Div. 1, 28 fin.:

sic ut nulla (praefectura) tota Italia frequentior dici possit,

more populous, id. Planc. 8, 21:

ei processit, ut est frequens municipium magna multitudo,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

Numidia,

Sall. J. 78 fin.:

celebre et frequens emporium,

much frequented, Liv. 38, 18, 11:

via,

Ov. A. A. 1, 585; cf.

compita,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 26:

ludi,

id. Carm. Sec. 22; cf.

pompa,

Ov. A. A. 1, 147.—

With abl. (since the Aug. per.):

cum situm moeniaque et frequentem tectis urbem vidissent,

Liv. 1, 9, 9:

loca aedificiis,

id. 31, 23, 5:

Aegyptus multis (urbibus),

Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 60:

terra colubris,

Ov. M. 4, 620:

Sinuessa niveis columbis,

id. ib. 15, 715:

silva trabibus,

id. ib. 8, 328; cf.:

locus piceis ilicibusque,

id. H. 16, 54:

nemus agrestium pavonum multitudine frequens,

Curt. 9, 2, 13:

Nilus feris et beluis,

Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53:

amnis vorticibus,

Ov. M. 9, 106:

vivarium piscibus,

Col. 8, 16, 4:

pharetra telis Lernaeis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1233.— Comp.:

utra pars frequentior vicis esset,

Liv. 35, 11, 5.—

With gen.:

quod talis silvae frequens fecundusque erat (mons),

Tac. A. 4, 65.—Hence, adv.: frĕ-quenter.

(Acc. to I.) Often, frequently (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

ut frequenter et assidue consequamur artis rationem studio et exercitatione,

Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69:

ad aliquem frequenter ventitare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 9 (Moser, frequentes); cf.:

gratior (erat) Alexandro frequenter in officinam ventitanti,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 85:

praecipue quidem apud Ciceronem, frequenter tamen apud Asinium,

Quint. 1, 8, 11:

frequenter in his etiam conjecturae locus est, nonnumquam tractatur aliqua finitio: aliquando etiam legales possunt incidere tractatus,

id. 3, 8, 4:

habet usum talis allegoriae frequenter oratio, sed raro totius,

id. 8, 6, 47:

continuo aut certe nimium frequenter,

id. 9, 1, 11;

opp. semper,

id. 12, 1, 3; v. infra.— Comp.:

quod et M. Cicero scripto ad Brutum libro frequentius testatur,

Quint. 1, 10, 4:

haec ad conjecturam frequentius pertinent, sed interim ad jus quoque,

id. 5, 10, 38:

ne plebs frumentationum causa frequentius a negotiis avocaretur,

Suet. Aug. 40:

non alias missi cecidere frequentius ignes,

Ov. F. 3, 287.— Sup.:

translatione frequentissime sermo omnis utitur,

Cic. Or. 24, 81:

non semper, etiamsi frequentissime, tuenda veritas erit,

Quint. 2, 17, 36; Suet. Aug. 43.—

(Acc. to II.) Numerously, in great numbers, by many (very rare):

huic frequenter interceditur,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 5:

Romam inde frequenter migratum est,

Liv. 1, 11, 4.

ĭn-expugnābĭlis, e, adj., that cannot be taken by assault, impregnable, inexpugnable (class.)

Lit.:

arx,

Liv. 2, 7, 6: urbes, [p. 942] id. 5, 6, 9; Vell. 2, 115, 3.—

Trop., unconquerable, in assured safety:

homo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 41:

terra,

impenetrable, Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 72:

gramen,

that cannot be rooted out, Ov. M. 5, 486:

pectus Amori,

id. ib. 11, 767:

finitio verborum,

Quint. 7, 3, 18:

necessitas dormiendi,

Cels. 3, 20.

rătĭōnālis, e, adj. [ratio].

Of or belonging to accounts (post-Aug.): LITTERAE, Inscr. (a. p. Chr. 193) Orell. 39.—Hence, subst.

rătĭōnālis, is, m., an accountant, receiver of revenue, treasurer, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45; 46; Capitol. Gord. 7; Commod. ap. Capitol. Albin. 2; Amm. 15, 3, 4; Inscr. Orell. 1090.—

rătĭōnāle, is, n., the oracular breastplate of the Jewish highpriest, Vulg. Exod. 25, 7; id. Lev. 8, 8; also called rationale judicii (transl. of LXX. to logeion tês kriseôs), id. Exod. 28, 15.—

Of or belonging to reason, reasonable, rational, endowed with reason:

falsa est (finitio), si dicas, Equus est animal rationale: nam est equus animal, sed irrationale,

Quint. 7, 3, 24:

homo est animal rationale,

id. 5, 10, 56; cf. id. 5, 8, 7; and:

nec si mutis finis voluptas, rationalibus quoque: quin immo ex contrario, quia mutis, ideo non rationalibus,

id. 5, 11, 35; so without a subst.:

a rationali ad rationale (translatio),

id. 8, 6, 13.—

Reasonable, depending on reason:

in causā rationali,

Auct. Her. 2, 12, 18:

philosophia,

i. e. logic, Sen. Ep. 89, 17;

also called rationalis pars philosophiae,

Quint. 12, 2, 10: disciplina, i. e. theoretical science (opp. to usus and experimenta), Cels. praef.;

also ars,

id. ib.; hence, rationalis medicina, theoretical therapeutics;

and rationales medici,

medical theorists, id. ib. —

In rhet., i. q. ratiocinativus, of or belonging to a syllogism, syllogistic:

genus (quaestionum),

Quint. 3, 5, 4; 6, 54; 78; 86; cf.

status,

id. 3, 6, 56; 66.— Hence, adv.: rătĭōnālĭter, in a reasonable manner, reasonably, rationally, Sen. Ep. 109; Tert. Anim. 16 al.

rătĭōnālis, e, adj. [ratio].

Of or belonging to accounts (post-Aug.): LITTERAE, Inscr. (a. p. Chr. 193) Orell. 39.—Hence, subst.

rătĭōnālis, is, m., an accountant, receiver of revenue, treasurer, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 45; 46; Capitol. Gord. 7; Commod. ap. Capitol. Albin. 2; Amm. 15, 3, 4; Inscr. Orell. 1090.—

rătĭōnāle, is, n., the oracular breastplate of the Jewish highpriest, Vulg. Exod. 25, 7; id. Lev. 8, 8; also called rationale judicii (transl. of LXX. to logeion tês kriseôs), id. Exod. 28, 15.—

Of or belonging to reason, reasonable, rational, endowed with reason:

falsa est (finitio), si dicas, Equus est animal rationale: nam est equus animal, sed irrationale,

Quint. 7, 3, 24:

homo est animal rationale,

id. 5, 10, 56; cf. id. 5, 8, 7; and:

nec si mutis finis voluptas, rationalibus quoque: quin immo ex contrario, quia mutis, ideo non rationalibus,

id. 5, 11, 35; so without a subst.:

a rationali ad rationale (translatio),

id. 8, 6, 13.—

Reasonable, depending on reason:

in causā rationali,

Auct. Her. 2, 12, 18:

philosophia,

i. e. logic, Sen. Ep. 89, 17;

also called rationalis pars philosophiae,

Quint. 12, 2, 10: disciplina, i. e. theoretical science (opp. to usus and experimenta), Cels. praef.;

also ars,

id. ib.; hence, rationalis medicina, theoretical therapeutics;

and rationales medici,

medical theorists, id. ib. —

In rhet., i. q. ratiocinativus, of or belonging to a syllogism, syllogistic:

genus (quaestionum),

Quint. 3, 5, 4; 6, 54; 78; 86; cf.

status,

id. 3, 6, 56; 66.— Hence, adv.: rătĭōnālĭter, in a reasonable manner, reasonably, rationally, Sen. Ep. 109; Tert. Anim. 16 al.

verso ( vorso), āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. vorsarier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53), v. freq. a. [verto], to turn, wind, twist, or whirl about often or violently (freq. and class.; syn.: verto, contorqueo).

Lit.: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.): Sisyphus versat Saxum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

turbinem puer,

Tib. 1, 5, 4:

turdos in igni,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 72:

ova non acri favillā,

Ov. M. 8, 667:

cum versati appositi essent pisces,

Quint. 6, 3, 90:

vinclorum inmensa volumina,

Verg. A. 5, 408:

manum,

Ov. M. 12, 493:

lumina,

id. ib. 5, 134; 6, 247;

7, 579: cardinem,

id. ib. 4, 93:

fusum,

id. ib. 4, 221;

6, 22: corpus,

id. Am. 1, 2, 4:

sortem urnā,

to shake, Hor. C. 2, 3, 26:

ligonibus glaebas,

to turn up, hoe, id. ib. 3, 6, 39; so,

rura (juvenci),

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 129:

terram,

Ov. R. Am. 173:

desectum gramen,

hay, id. M. 14, 646:

currum in gramine,

i. e. to wheel about, Verg. A. 12, 664:

oves,

to drive about, pasture, id. E. 10, 68:

pulsat versatque Dareta,

id. A. 5, 460:

me versant in litore venti,

id. ib. 6, 362: vos exemplaria Graeca Nocturnā versate manu, versate diurnā, turn them over, i. e. read, study them, Hor. A. P. 269:

et nummulario non ex fide versanti pecunias manus amputavit,

handling, accounting for, Suet. Galb. 9.—With se, or mid., to turn one's self often, to turn, revolve, etc.: versabat se in utramque partem, non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74.—Prov.:

satis diu jam hoc saxum vorso,

I have wasted time enough with this man, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—Mid.:

mundum versari circum axem caeli,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52:

qui (orbes) versantur retro,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

pars superior mundi non versatur in turbinem,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 1:

suāpte naturā et cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putat,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

ne versari aves possent,

Col. 8, 7, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn, twist, bend:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere et flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam coepit,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

eadem multis modis,

id. Or. 40, 137:

causas,

i. e. to treat, manage, id. ib. 9, 31; Quint. 10, 5, 9; cf. absol.:

non mille figuris variet ac verset (orator)?

id. 5, 14, 32:

verba,

to pervert, alter, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56:

fors omnia versat,

turns, changes, Verg. E. 9, 5;

so mid.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70:

huc et illuc, Torquate, vos versetis licet, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99:

in quo, utrum respondebo, verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. ib. 5, 28, 86:

versabat se ad omnis cogitationes,

Curt. 6, 6, 27.—

In partic. (rare in Cic.).

Qs. to turn upside down, i. e. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate:

versabo ego illum hodie, si vivo, probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 6; id. Pers. 5, 2, 17:

haerere homo, versari, rubere,

to be disturbed, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: si quid te adjuero curamve levasso Quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 340 Vahl.):

miserum toto cubili,

Prop. 1, 14, 21:

illum toto versant suspiria lecto,

id. 2, 22, 47 (3, 16, 5):

odiis domos,

to overthrow, ruin, subvert, Verg. A. 7, 336:

ille placet, versatque domum, neque verbera sentit,

i. e. disturbs without being punished, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 29:

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

alternated with, treated each in turn, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin.:

pectora,

id. ib. 2, 45:

muliebrem animum in omnes partes,

Liv. 1, 58, 3:

patrum animos,

id. 1, 17, 1:

pectora (nunc indignatio nunc pudor),

id. 2, 45, 5; cf.:

spesque timorque animum versat utroque modo,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 12.—

To turn over a thing in the mind, to think over, meditate, or reflect upon, revolve, consider; to transact, carry on (cf.:

volvo, agito): multas res simitu in meo corde vorso,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 1:

versarent in animis secum unamquamque rem,

Liv. 3, 34, 4:

illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectere versat, Certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 563; so,

dolos,

id. ib. 2, 62:

versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 39:

ubi maxima rerum momenta versantur,

Quint. 8, 3, 13:

versenturque omni modo numeri,

examined, considered, id. 10, 3, 5; 10, 5, 9:

somnia decies,

to interpret, Prop. 2, 4, 16:

multum igitur domi ante versandi sunt (testes), variis percontationibus, etc.,

examined, practised, Quint. 5, 7, 11.—

Transf., in the mid. form, versor ( vor-sor), ātus, 1, prop. to move about in a place, i. e. to dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be in a place or among certain persons; constr. most freq. with in aliquā re; also with inter, intra, apud, and cum.

Lit.:

vorsari crebro hic cum viderent me domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 128:

in medio pariete,

id. Cas. 1, 52:

non ad solarium, non in campo, non in conviviis versatus est,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

in fundo,

id. Mil. 20, 53:

in castris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

inter aciem,

id. ib. 1, 52; cf.:

nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 3:

intra vallum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

alicui inter femina,

Suet. Tib. 44:

nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10;

apud praefectos regis,

Nep. Con. 2, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to be; to be circumstanced or situated:

nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 25:

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,

Cat. 64, 149:

ergo illi nunc in pace versantur,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6:

in clarissimā luce,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

Minturnenses aeternā in laude versantur,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

in simili culpā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

mihi ante oculos dies noctesque versaris,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

nec versantur omnino scripta eorum inter manus hominum,

i. e. are read, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Of abstract subjects: numquam tibi populi Romani dignitas, numquam species ipsa hujusmodi multitudinis in oculis animoque versata est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

mors, exsilium mihi ob oculos versabantur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

haec omnia in eodem errore versantur,

id. N. D. 3, 10, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

aliquid in dubitatione versatur,

id. Rep. 2, 15, 29:

Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum,

waged with many vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21.—

In partic., to occupy or busy one's self with any action, to be engaged in any thing.

Of persons.

With in and abl. (class.):

opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

in omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

versabor in re difficili,

id. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

in re publicā atque in his vitae periculis laboribusque,

id. Arch. 12, 30;

ullā in cogitatione acrius ac diligentius versari,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

si diutius in hoc genere verser,

id. ib. 1, 46, 70:

multum in imperiis,

Nep. Milt. 8, 2.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

circa mensuras ac numeros non versabitur (orator)?

Quint. 2, 21, 19.—

With inter:

inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.—

Of abstract subjects.

With in and abl. (class.):

haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur,

depend on, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur,

is occupied with, concerns, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 57, 244; cf.:

imitatio est posita fere in eludendo, sed versatur etiam in factis,

Quint. 9, 2, 58: ipsae res in perfacili cognitione versantur Cic. Or. 35, 122;

quae omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

omnia quae in causā versarentur,

Quint. 7, 1, 4:

epilogi omnes in eādem fere materiā versari solent,

id. 7, 4, 19; 2, 4, 1:

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur,

id. 5, 2, 1.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

haec pars (tragoedia) circa iram, odium, metum, miserationem fere tota versatur,

Quint. 6, 2, 20:

circa quae versari videatur omnis quaestio,

id. 3, 6, 23:

quidam circa res omnes, quidam circa civiles modo versari rhetoricen putaverunt,

id. 2, 15, 15.—

With abl.:

itaque (finitio) pluribus legibus isdem quibus conjectura versatur,

Quint. 7, 3, 1 (dub.; Halm, ex conj. in isdem).—

Part. perf.:

homo in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3:

viri in rerum publicarum varietate versati,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

semper inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.— Absol.:

is missum ad dilectus agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 7.

verso ( vorso), āvi, ātum, 1 ( inf. vorsarier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 53), v. freq. a. [verto], to turn, wind, twist, or whirl about often or violently (freq. and class.; syn.: verto, contorqueo).

Lit.: qui caelum versat stellis fulgentibus aptum, Enn. ap. Macr. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 30 Vahl.): Sisyphus versat Saxum, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 10:

turbinem puer,

Tib. 1, 5, 4:

turdos in igni,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 72:

ova non acri favillā,

Ov. M. 8, 667:

cum versati appositi essent pisces,

Quint. 6, 3, 90:

vinclorum inmensa volumina,

Verg. A. 5, 408:

manum,

Ov. M. 12, 493:

lumina,

id. ib. 5, 134; 6, 247;

7, 579: cardinem,

id. ib. 4, 93:

fusum,

id. ib. 4, 221;

6, 22: corpus,

id. Am. 1, 2, 4:

sortem urnā,

to shake, Hor. C. 2, 3, 26:

ligonibus glaebas,

to turn up, hoe, id. ib. 3, 6, 39; so,

rura (juvenci),

Prop. 4 (5), 1, 129:

terram,

Ov. R. Am. 173:

desectum gramen,

hay, id. M. 14, 646:

currum in gramine,

i. e. to wheel about, Verg. A. 12, 664:

oves,

to drive about, pasture, id. E. 10, 68:

pulsat versatque Dareta,

id. A. 5, 460:

me versant in litore venti,

id. ib. 6, 362: vos exemplaria Graeca Nocturnā versate manu, versate diurnā, turn them over, i. e. read, study them, Hor. A. P. 269:

et nummulario non ex fide versanti pecunias manus amputavit,

handling, accounting for, Suet. Galb. 9.—With se, or mid., to turn one's self often, to turn, revolve, etc.: versabat se in utramque partem, non solum mente, verum etiam corpore, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30, § 74.—Prov.:

satis diu jam hoc saxum vorso,

I have wasted time enough with this man, Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 55.—Mid.:

mundum versari circum axem caeli,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52:

qui (orbes) versantur retro,

id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

pars superior mundi non versatur in turbinem,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 1:

suāpte naturā et cylindrum volvi et versari turbinem putat,

Cic. Fat. 18, 42:

ne versari aves possent,

Col. 8, 7, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to turn, twist, bend:

versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus atque huc et illuc torquere et flectere,

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam coepit,

id. Clu. 26, 70:

eadem multis modis,

id. Or. 40, 137:

causas,

i. e. to treat, manage, id. ib. 9, 31; Quint. 10, 5, 9; cf. absol.:

non mille figuris variet ac verset (orator)?

id. 5, 14, 32:

verba,

to pervert, alter, Cic. Fin. 4, 20, 56:

fors omnia versat,

turns, changes, Verg. E. 9, 5;

so mid.: versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70:

huc et illuc, Torquate, vos versetis licet, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99:

in quo, utrum respondebo, verses te huc atque illuc necesse est,

id. ib. 5, 28, 86:

versabat se ad omnis cogitationes,

Curt. 6, 6, 27.—

In partic. (rare in Cic.).

Qs. to turn upside down, i. e. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate:

versabo ego illum hodie, si vivo, probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 5, 6; id. Pers. 5, 2, 17:

haerere homo, versari, rubere,

to be disturbed, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187: si quid te adjuero curamve levasso Quae nunc te coquit et versat in pectore fixa, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 340 Vahl.):

miserum toto cubili,

Prop. 1, 14, 21:

illum toto versant suspiria lecto,

id. 2, 22, 47 (3, 16, 5):

odiis domos,

to overthrow, ruin, subvert, Verg. A. 7, 336:

ille placet, versatque domum, neque verbera sentit,

i. e. disturbs without being punished, Ov. Am. 2, 2, 29:

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit, ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

alternated with, treated each in turn, Caes. B. G. 5, 44 fin.:

pectora,

id. ib. 2, 45:

muliebrem animum in omnes partes,

Liv. 1, 58, 3:

patrum animos,

id. 1, 17, 1:

pectora (nunc indignatio nunc pudor),

id. 2, 45, 5; cf.:

spesque timorque animum versat utroque modo,

Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 12.—

To turn over a thing in the mind, to think over, meditate, or reflect upon, revolve, consider; to transact, carry on (cf.:

volvo, agito): multas res simitu in meo corde vorso,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 1:

versarent in animis secum unamquamque rem,

Liv. 3, 34, 4:

illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectere versat, Certa mori,

Verg. A. 4, 563; so,

dolos,

id. ib. 2, 62:

versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri,

Hor. A. P. 39:

ubi maxima rerum momenta versantur,

Quint. 8, 3, 13:

versenturque omni modo numeri,

examined, considered, id. 10, 3, 5; 10, 5, 9:

somnia decies,

to interpret, Prop. 2, 4, 16:

multum igitur domi ante versandi sunt (testes), variis percontationibus, etc.,

examined, practised, Quint. 5, 7, 11.—

Transf., in the mid. form, versor ( vor-sor), ātus, 1, prop. to move about in a place, i. e. to dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be in a place or among certain persons; constr. most freq. with in aliquā re; also with inter, intra, apud, and cum.

Lit.:

vorsari crebro hic cum viderent me domi,

Plaut. Am. prol. 128:

in medio pariete,

id. Cas. 1, 52:

non ad solarium, non in campo, non in conviviis versatus est,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

in fundo,

id. Mil. 20, 53:

in castris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

inter aciem,

id. ib. 1, 52; cf.:

nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero,

Cic. Att. 10, 8, 3:

intra vallum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 96:

alicui inter femina,

Suet. Tib. 44:

nobiscum versari jam diutius non potes,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10;

apud praefectos regis,

Nep. Con. 2, 4.—

Trop.

In gen., to be; to be circumstanced or situated:

nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 25:

certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui,

Cat. 64, 149:

ergo illi nunc in pace versantur,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 6:

in clarissimā luce,

id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

Minturnenses aeternā in laude versantur,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

in simili culpā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110:

mihi ante oculos dies noctesque versaris,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

nec versantur omnino scripta eorum inter manus hominum,

i. e. are read, Dig. 1, 2, 2.—Of abstract subjects: numquam tibi populi Romani dignitas, numquam species ipsa hujusmodi multitudinis in oculis animoque versata est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

mors, exsilium mihi ob oculos versabantur,

id. Sest. 21, 47:

haec omnia in eodem errore versantur,

id. N. D. 3, 10, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107:

aliquid in dubitatione versatur,

id. Rep. 2, 15, 29:

Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum,

waged with many vicissitudes, id. Arch. 9, 21.—

In partic., to occupy or busy one's self with any action, to be engaged in any thing.

Of persons.

With in and abl. (class.):

opifices omnes in sordidā arte versantur,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150:

in omnibus ingenuis artibus,

id. Fam. 4, 3, 4:

versabor in re difficili,

id. Leg. 3, 15, 33:

in re publicā atque in his vitae periculis laboribusque,

id. Arch. 12, 30;

ullā in cogitatione acrius ac diligentius versari,

id. Rep. 1, 22, 35:

si diutius in hoc genere verser,

id. ib. 1, 46, 70:

multum in imperiis,

Nep. Milt. 8, 2.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

circa mensuras ac numeros non versabitur (orator)?

Quint. 2, 21, 19.—

With inter:

inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.—

Of abstract subjects.

With in and abl. (class.):

haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur,

depend on, Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur,

is occupied with, concerns, Cic. de Or. 1, 3, 12:

ejus omnis oratio versata est in eo, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 57, 244; cf.:

imitatio est posita fere in eludendo, sed versatur etiam in factis,

Quint. 9, 2, 58: ipsae res in perfacili cognitione versantur Cic. Or. 35, 122;

quae omnes artes in veri investigatione versantur,

id. Off. 1, 6, 19:

omnia quae in causā versarentur,

Quint. 7, 1, 4:

epilogi omnes in eādem fere materiā versari solent,

id. 7, 4, 19; 2, 4, 1:

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur,

id. 5, 2, 1.—

With circa and acc. (post-Aug.):

haec pars (tragoedia) circa iram, odium, metum, miserationem fere tota versatur,

Quint. 6, 2, 20:

circa quae versari videatur omnis quaestio,

id. 3, 6, 23:

quidam circa res omnes, quidam circa civiles modo versari rhetoricen putaverunt,

id. 2, 15, 15.—

With abl.:

itaque (finitio) pluribus legibus isdem quibus conjectura versatur,

Quint. 7, 3, 1 (dub.; Halm, ex conj. in isdem).—

Part. perf.:

homo in aliis causis exercitatus et in hac multum et saepe versatus,

Cic. Quint. 1, 3:

viri in rerum publicarum varietate versati,

id. Rep. 3, 3, 4:

semper inter arma ac studia versatus,

Vell. 1, 13, 3.— Absol.:

is missum ad dilectus agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc.,

Tac. Agr. 7.