-
1 for both our sakes
for both our sakes -
2 for both our sakes
Общая лексика: ради нас обоих -
3 for both our sakes
• v záujme obidvoch• kvôli nám obom -
4 both
bouƟadjective, pronoun(the two; the one and the other: We both went; Both (the) men are dead; The men are both dead; Both are dead.) begge (to)beggeIadv. \/bəʊθ\/bare i uttrykkboth... and både... ogIIdeterm. \/bəʊθ\/begge, begge toboth of us oss begge, begge (oss) to, både du og jeg, både deg og meg -
5 ради нас обоих
General subject: for both our sakes -
6 sake
[seık] nfor the sake of smb., for smb.'s sake - для /ради/ кого-л.
do it for the sake of your family [for my sake] - сделайте это для вашей семьи [для меня]
for the sake of peace - для дела /во имя/ мира
for form's sake - для проформы; для видимости
for the sake of smb.'s health - в интересах чьего-л. здоровья
for the sake of seeing [of hearing, of getting] smth. - для того, чтобы повидать [послушать, получить] что-л.
for the sake of simplicity I will assume... - для простоты /ясности/ я буду исходить из предположения
for God's /goodness', Heaven's, pity's, mercy's/ sake - ради бога!, во имя всего святого!
for God's sake don't do it! - ради бога, не делайте этого!
♢
sakes (alive)! - диал., амер. вот это да!, ну и ну! -
7 sake
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8 sake
Ⅰ.sake1 [seɪk]∎ for sb's sake (for their good) pour (le bien de) qn; (out of respect for) par égard pour qn; (out of love for) pour l'amour de qn;∎ do it for my sake/for your own sake fais-le pour moi/pour toi;∎ I only came for your sake je ne suis venu qu'à cause de toi ou que pour toi;∎ please come, for both our sakes viens s'il te plaît, fais-le pour nous deux;∎ for all our sakes, tell no one ne le dis à personne dans notre intérêt à tous;∎ they decided not to divorce for the sake of the children ils ont décidé de ne pas divorcer à cause des enfants;∎ I walk to work for its own sake, not to save money je vais travailler à pied pour le plaisir, pas par esprit d'économie;∎ they're just talking for the sake of talking or of it ils parlent pour ne rien dire;∎ art for art's sake l'art pour l'art;∎ for the sake of higher profits pour réaliser de plus gros bénéfices;∎ all that for the sake of a few dollars tout ça pour quelques malheureux dollars;∎ for old times' sake en souvenir du passé;∎ for the sake of argument, let's assume it costs £100 (pour les besoins de la discussion,) admettons que ça coûte 100 livres;∎ for goodness or God's or Christ's or pity's or heaven's sake! pour l'amour du ciel ou de Dieu!Ⅱ.sake2 ['sɑ:kɪ](drink) saké m -
9 sake
n. belang, (best)wil; (in God´s) naam--------n. saki (Japanse drank)sake1[ seek] 〈 zelfstandig naamwoord〉♦voorbeelden:1 for God's/Christ's/goodness'/pity's sake get out of there • in godsnaam/jezusnaam/vredesnaam/alsjeblieft, kom daaruit vandaanfor both our sakes • in ons beider belangwe're only doing this for your sake • we doen dit alleen maar ter wille van jou————————[ sa:kie] 〈 zelfstandig naamwoord〉 -
10 sake
seɪk сущ. (используется в словосочетаниях в значении цель;
причина, мотив) Do it for John's sake. ≈ Сделайте это ради Джона. for our sakes ≈ ради нас for the sake of ≈ ради for the sake of glory ≈ ради славы for the sake of making money ≈ из-за денег for one's sake ≈ ради for conscience' sake ≈ для успокоения совести for God's sake, for Heaven's sake ≈ ради бога, ради всего святого (для выражения раздражения, досады, мольбы) for old sake's sake ≈ в память прошлого sakes alive! ≈ вот тебе раз!, ну и ну!;
вот это да! для, ради чего-либо, кого-либо - for the * of smb., for smb.'s * для /ради/ кого-л. - do it for the * of your family сделайте это для вашей семьи - for safety's * в целях безопасности - for the * of money из-за денег - for the * of peace для дела /во имя/ мира - for their own *s для них самих - for both our *s ради нас обоих - for conscience's * для успокоения совести - for form's * для проформы;
для видимости - for the * of our old friendship во имя нашей старой дружбы - for the * of smb.'s health в интересах чьего-л. здоровья - for the * of seeing smth. для того, чтобы повидать что-л. - art for art's * искусство для искусства - he argues for the * of arguing он спорит ради самого спора - he talks for talking's * ему лишь бы говорить - for the * of simplicity I will assume... для простоты /ясности/ я буду исходить из предположения... - for God's /goodness', Heaven's, pity's, mercy's/ * ради бога!, во имя всего святого! - for God's * don't do it! ради бога, не делайте этого! - for old time's * во имя прошлого > sakes (alive) ! (диалектизм) (американизм) вот это да!, ну и ну! (японское) сакэ (рисовая водка) - * cup японская рюмка (в виде маленькой пиалы) for the ~ of, for one's ~ ради;
do it for Mary's sake сделайте это ради Мэри;
for our sakes ради нас sake: for God's ~, for Heaven's ~ ради бога, ради всего святого (для выражения раздражения, досады, мольбы) ;
for conscience' sake для успокоения совести sake: for God's ~, for Heaven's ~ ради бога, ради всего святого (для выражения раздражения, досады, мольбы) ;
for conscience' sake для успокоения совести sake: for God's ~, for Heaven's ~ ради бога, ради всего святого (для выражения раздражения, досады, мольбы) ;
for conscience' sake для успокоения совести for old ~'s ~ в память прошлого;
for the sake of glory ради славы for the ~ of, for one's ~ ради;
do it for Mary's sake сделайте это ради Мэри;
for our sakes ради нас for the ~ of, for one's ~ ради;
do it for Mary's sake сделайте это ради Мэри;
for our sakes ради нас for the ~ of, for one's ~ ради;
do it for Mary's sake сделайте это ради Мэри;
for our sakes ради нас for old ~'s ~ в память прошлого;
for the sake of glory ради славы for the ~ of making money из-за денег;
sakes alive! амер. вот тебе раз!, ну и ну!;
вот это да! for the ~ of making money из-за денег;
sakes alive! амер. вот тебе раз!, ну и ну!;
вот это да! -
11 beide
♦voorbeelden:in jullie beider belang • for both your sakeseen opvallend verschil tussen hun beide dochters • a striking difference between their two daughtersin beide gevallen • in either case/both casesje kunt het op beide manieren doen • you can do it either way/both waysons beider vriend • our mutual friendze kunnen het beiden gedaan hebben • either of them could have done itze zijn beiden getrouwd • they are both married, both (of them) are marriedwie van beiden kies je? • which of the two do you choose?wij beiden • both of us, the two of uséén van beiden heeft het gedaan • one of the two did itze weten het geen van beiden • neither of them knowsgeen van beide kandidaten • neither candidate -
12 skyld
blame, debt, fault, guilt, guiltiness* * *(en)( også = det at være skyldig) guilt ( fx find out where the guilt (el.blame) lies; prove his guilt);[ med vb:][ bære skylden] be responsible;( i fadervor) forgive us our trespasses;[ få skylden] get the blame;[ give én skylden for noget] put (el. lay) the blame for something on somebody, hold somebody responsible for something, blame somebody for something,T blame something on somebody;[ skylden ligger hos ham] he is to blame, the blame is his,F the guilt lies with him;[ påtage sig skylden] take (el. bear) the blame, accept the blame;[ skyde skylden på én] put (el. lay) the blame on somebody;[ tage skylden], se ovf: påtage sig skylden;[ være skyld i] be the cause of, cause;[ det er hans skyld, han er skyld i det] he is to blame (for it), it is his fault;[ han er selv skyld i det] he has only himself to blame, it is his own fault;( også) he has brought his troubles on himself;[ med præp:][ for ens skyld] for somebody's sake, for the sake of somebody;( af hensyn til) for the sake of something ( fx of the rhyme),( på grund af) for ( fx marry somebody for his money);[ for begges skyld] for both their sakes;[ for min skyld] for my sake ( fx do it for my sake),(dvs jeg er da ligeglad) for all I care ( fx he can go hang forall I care);[ for min skyld gerne] I don't mind;[ uden skyld] blameless;[ han var uden skyld i ulykken] he did not cause the accident, he was in no way to blame for the accident;T the accident wasn't his fault;[ uden egen skyld] through no fault of one's own. -
13 sake
[seik]* * *I [sá:ki]nounsake, riževo vino (pri Japoncih)II [séik]nounrazlog; obzirfor the sake of — zavoljo, zaradi, na ljubofor God's ( —ali heaven's) sake — zaboga, za božjo voljofor goodness' sake — za božjo voljo, zabogafor my sake — meni na ljubo, zavoljo menefor mercy's sake, for pity's sake — iz usmiljenjasakes alive! — je to mogoče! -
14 sake
I nounfor my etc. sake — um meinetwillen usw.; mir usw. zuliebe
for your/its own sake — um deiner/seiner selbst willen
II nounfor Christ's or God's or goodness' or Heaven's or (coll.) Pete's sake — um Gottes od. Himmels willen
(drink) Sake, der* * *[seik]- academic.ru/116227/for_the_sake_of">for the sake of* * *sake1[seɪk]n1. (purpose)for the \sake of sth [or for sth's \sake] um einer S. gen willenyou're only arguing for the \sake of arguing du streitest dich nur um des Streitens willenfor economy's \sake aus wirtschaftlichen Gründenfor the \sake of peace um des [lieben] Friedens willen2. (benefit)for the \sake of sb [or for sb's \sake] jdm zuliebeplease do it, for my \sake tu es bitte mir zuliebeI hope for both of our \sakes that you're right! ich hoffe für uns beide, dass du Recht hastto stay together for the \sake of the children der Kinder wegen zusammenbleiben3.for Christ's \sake, turn that music off! nun stell doch [in Gottes Namen] endlich diese Musik ab!▶ for goodness [or heaven's] [or Pete's] [or pity's] \sake um Gottes [o Himmels] willensake2, saki[ˈsɑ:ki]n Sake m* * *I [seɪk]nfor the sake of... — um (+gen)... willen
for your own sake —
for your family's sake — um Ihrer Familie willen, Ihrer Familie wegen
for the sake of your career/my health — wegen deiner Karriere/meiner Gesundheit, deiner Karriere/meiner Gesundheit zuliebe
for heaven's or Christ's sake shut up (inf) — nun halt doch endlich die Klappe (inf)
for old times' sake — in Erinnerung an alte Zeiten
for the sake of those who... —
for whose sake is the writer writing, his own or the public's? — für wen schreibt der Schriftsteller, (für) sich selbst oder den Leser?
I'd do anything for your sake — für dich tue ich alles
I did it just for the sake of having a new experience — ich habe es nur getan, um eine neue Erfahrung zu machen
II ['sAːkɪ]to talk for talking's sake — reden, nur damit etwas gesagt wird
n(= drink) Sake m* * *sake1 [seık] s:for appearances’ sake um den Schein zu wahren;art for art’s sake Kunst f als Selbstzweck, L’art pour l’art n;for convenience’s sake der Einfachheit halber, aus Bequemlichkeitsgründen;for God’s (heaven’s) sake um Gottes (Himmels) willen;for his sake ihm zuliebe, seinetwegen;for my own sake as well as yours um meinetwillen ebenso wie um deinetwillen;for the sake of peace um des lieben Friedens willen;for safety’s sake sicherheitshalber;sake2 [ˈsɑːkı] s Sake m, Reiswein m* * *I nounfor the sake of — um... (Gen.) willen
for my etc. sake — um meinetwillen usw.; mir usw. zuliebe
for your/its own sake — um deiner/seiner selbst willen
II nounfor Christ's or God's or goodness' or Heaven's or (coll.) Pete's sake — um Gottes od. Himmels willen
(drink) Sake, der -
15 sake
1) ( purpose)you're only arguing for the \sake of arguing du streitest dich nur um des Streitens willen;for economy's \sake aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen;for the \sake of peace um des [lieben] Friedens willen2) ( benefit)for the \sake of sb [or for sb's \sake] jdm zuliebe;please do it, for my \sake tu es bitte mir zuliebe;I hope for both of our \sakes that you're right! ich hoffe für uns beide, dass du Recht hast;to stay together for the \sake of the children der Kinder wegen zusammenbleibenPHRASES:for Christ's \sake, turn that music off! nun stell doch [in Gottes Namen] endlich diese Musik ab!;for goodness [or heaven's] [or Pete's] [or pity's] \sake um Gottes [o Himmels] willenSake m -
16 ἁμαρτία
ἁμαρτία, ίας, ἡ (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake/ error to serious offenses against a deity: Aeschyl., Antiphon, Democr.+; ins fr. Cyzicus JHS 27, 1907, p. 63 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτίαν μετανόει; PLips 119 recto, 3; POxy 1119, 11; LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 12:14; ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos; EpArist 192; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 69 al.; Ar. [Milne 76, 42]; Just., A I, 61, 6; 10; 66, 1, D. 13, 1 al.; Tat. 14, 1f; 20, 1; Mel., P. 50, 359; 55, 400; s. ClR 24, 1910, 88; 234; 25, 1911, 195–97).① a departure fr. either human or divine standards of uprightnessⓐ sin (w. context ordinarily suggesting the level of heinousness), the action itself (ἁμάρτησις s. prec.), as well as its result (ἁμάρτημα), πᾶσα ἀδικία ἁ. ἐστίν 1J 5:17 (cp. Eur., Or. 649; Gen 50:17). ἁ. w. ἀνομήματα Hv 1, 3, 1; descr. as ἀνομία (cp. Ps 58:3; TestJob 43:17) 1J 3:4; but one who loves is far from sin Pol 3:3, cp. Js 5:20; 1 Pt 4:8, 1 Cl 49:5; Agr 13. ἀναπληρῶσαι τὰς ἁ. fill up the measure of sins (Gen 15:16) 1 Th 2:16. κοινωνεῖν ἁ. ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22. ποιεῖν ἁ. commit a sin (Tob 12:10; 14:7S; Dt 9:21) 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Pt 2:22; Js 5:15; 1J 3:4, 8. For this ἁμαρτάνειν ἁ. (Ex 32:30; La 1:8) 1J 5:16; ἐργάζεσθαι ἁ. Js 2:9; Hm 4, 1, 2 (LXX oft. ἐργάζ. ἀδικίαν or ἀνομίαν). μεγάλην ἁ. ἐργάζεσθαι commit a great sin m 4, 1, 1; 8:2. Pl. (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a τὰ μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα κ. ἀδικήματα) Hs 7:2. ἐπιφέρειν ἁ. τινί Hv 1, 2, 4. ἑαυτῷ ἁ. ἐπιφέρειν bring sin upon oneself m 11:4; for this ἁ. ἐπισπᾶσθαί τινι m 4, 1, 8 (cp. Is 5:18). προστιθέναι ταῖς ἁ. add to one’s sins (cp. προσέθηκεν ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίας PsSol 3:10) Hv 5:7; m 4, 3, 7; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 11, 3; φέρειν ἁ. 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). ἀναφέρειν vs. 14 (Is 53:12). γέμειν ἁμαρτιῶν B 11:11. εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 1 Cor 15:17 (cp. Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 9 II 2 p. 129, 13 ἐν ἁμαρτήμασιν εἶναι).—Sin viewed from the perspective of God’s or Christ’s response: ἀφιέναι τὰς ἁ. let go = forgive sins (Lev 4:20 al.) Mt 9:2, 5f; Mk 2:5, 7, 9f; Lk 5:20ff; Hv 2, 2, 4; 1 Cl 50:5; 53:5 (Ex 32:32) al. (ἀφίημι 2); hence ἄφεσις (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (Iren. 1, 21, 2 [Harv. I 182, 4]) forgiveness of sins Mt 26:28; Mk 1:4; Lk 1:77; 3:3; 24:47; Ac 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; Hm 4, 3, 2; B 5:1; 6:11; 8:3; 11:1; 16:8. διδόναι ἄφεσιν ἁ. AcPl Ha 2, 30; λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁ. receive forgiveness of sins Ac 26:18 (Just., D. 54 al); καθαρίζειν τὰς ἁ. cleanse the sins (thought of as a stain) Hs 5, 6, 3; καθαρίζειν ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4; cp. Sir 23:10; PsSol 10:1); also καθαρισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἁ. Hb 1:3; ἀπολούεσθαι τὰς ἁ. Ac 22:16 ([w. βαπτίζειν] Just., D. 13, 1 al.). λύτρον ἁ. ransom for sins B 19:10.—αἴρειν J 1:29; περιελεῖν ἁ. Hb 10:11; ἀφαιρεῖν (Ex 34:9; Is 27; 9) vs. 4; Hs 9, 28, 3; ῥυσθῆναι ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 60:3; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. ἀποσπασθῆναι AcPlCor 2:9. Sin as a burden αἱ ἁ. κατεβάρησαν Hs 9, 28, 6; as a disease ἰᾶσθαι Hs 9, 28, 5 (cp. Dt 30:3); s. also the verbs in question.—Looked upon as an entry in a ledger; hence ἐξαλείφεται ἡ ἁ. wiped away, cancelled (Ps 108:14; Jer 18:23; Is 43:25) Ac 3:19.—Opp. στῆσαι τὴν ἁ. 7:60; λογίζεσθαι ἁ. take account of sin (as a debt; cp. the commercial metaphor Ro 4:6 and s. FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. 104, n. 2) Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); 1 Cl 60:2 (Just., D. 141, 3). Pass. ἁ. οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται is not entered in the account Ro 5:13 (GFriedrich, TLZ 77, ’52, 523–28). Of sinners ὀφειλέτης ἁ. Pol 6:1 (cp. SIG 1042, 14–16 [II A.D.] ὸ̔ς ἂν δὲ πολυπραγμονήσῃ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ περιεργάσηται, ἁμαρτίαν ὀφιλέτω Μηνὶ Τυράννωι, ἣν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξειλάσασθαι).—γινώσκειν ἁ. (cp. Num 32:23) Ro 7:7; Hm 4, 1, 5. ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας Ro 3:20; ὁμολογεῖν τὰς ἁ. 1J 1:9; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁ. B 19:12; ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τὰς ἁ. Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Hv 3, 1, 5f; Hs 9, 23, 4; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁ. confess your sins to each other Js 5:16.—ἐλέγχειν τινὰ περὶ ἁ. convict someone of sin J 8:46; cp. ἵνα σου τὰς ἁ. ἐλέγξω πρὸς τὸν κύριον that I might reveal your sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5.—σεσωρευμένος ἁμαρτίαις loaded down w. sins 2 Ti 3:6; cp. ἐπισωρεύειν ταῖς ἁ. B 4:6; ἔνοχος τῆς ἁ. involved in the sin Hm 2:2; 4, 1, 5. μέτοχος τῆς ἁ. m 4, 1, 9.—In Hb sin is atoned for (ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁ. 2:17) by sacrifices θυσίαι ὑπὲρ ἁ. 5:1 (cp. 1 Cl 41:2). προσφορὰ περὶ ἁ. sin-offering 10:18; also simply περὶ ἁ. (Lev 5:11; 7:37) vss. 6, 8 (both Ps 39:7; cp. 1 Pt 3:18); προσφέρειν περὶ ἁ. bring a sin-offering Hb 5:3; cp. 10:12; 13:11. Christ has made the perfect sacrifice for sin 9:23ff; συνείδησις ἁ. consciousness of sin 10:2; ἀνάμνησις ἁ. a reminder of sins of the feast of atonement vs. 3.ⓑ special sins (ἁ. τῆς ἀποστασίας Iren. 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 397, 4]): πρὸς θάνατον that leads to death 1J 5:16b (ἁμαρτάνω e); opp. οὐ πρὸς θάνατον vs. 17. μεγάλη ἁ. a great sin Hv 1, 1, 8 al. (Gen 20:9; Ex 32:30 al.; cp. Schol. on Pla., Tht. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα). μείζων ἁ. m 11:4; ἥττων 1 Cl 47:4. μεγάλη κ. ἀνίατος Hm 5, 2, 4; τέλειαι ἁ. Hv 1, 2, 1; B 8:1, cp. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁ. 5:11 (Philo, Mos. 1, 96 κατὰ τῶν τέλεια ἡμαρτηκότων); ἡ προτέρα ἁ. (Arrian, Anab. 7, 23, 8 εἴ τι πρότερον ἡμάρτηκας) sin committed before baptism Hm 4, 1, 11; 4, 3, 3; Hs 8, 11, 3; cp. v 2, 1, 2.② a state of being sinful, sinfulness, a prominent feature in Johannine thought, and opposed to ἀλήθεια; hence ἁ. ἔχειν J 9:41; 15:24; 1J 1:8. μείζονα ἁ. ἔχειν J 19:11; ἁ. μένει 9:41. γεννᾶσθαι ἐν ἁμαρτίαις be born in sin 9:34 (ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ v.l).; opp. ἐν ἁ. ἀποθανεῖν die in sin 8:21, 24; AcPl Ha 1, 16. ἁ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν 1J 3:5.③ a destructive evil power, sinⓐ Paul thinks of sin almost in pers. terms (cp. Sir 27:10; Mel., P. 50, 359; PGM 4, 1448 w. other divinities of the nether world, also Ἁμαρτίαι χθόνιαι; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 119ff) as a ruling power that invades the world. Sin came into the world Ro 5:12 (JFreundorfer, Erbsünde u. Erbtod b. Ap. Pls 1927; ELohmeyer, ZNW 29, 1930, 1–59; JSchnitzer, D. Erbsünde im Lichte d. Religionsgesch. ’31; ROtto, Sünde u. Urschuld ’32; FDanker, Ro 5:12: Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’67/68, 424–39), reigns there vs. 21; 6:14; everything was subject to it Gal 3:22; people serve it Ro 6:6; are its slaves vss. 17, 20; are sold into its service 7:14 or set free from it 6:22; it has its law 7:23; 8:2; it revives (ἀνέζησεν) Ro 7:9 or is dead vs. 8; it pays its wages, viz., death 6:23, cp. 5:12 (see lit. s.v. ἐπί 6c). As a pers. principle it dwells in humans Ro 7:17, 20, viz., in the flesh (s. σάρξ 2cα) 8:3; cp. vs. 2; 7:25. The earthly body is hence a σῶμα τῆς ἁ. 6:6 (Col 2:11 v.l.).—As abstr. for concr. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁ. ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (God) made him, who never sinned, to be sin (i.e. the guilty one) for our sakes 2 Cor 5:21.ⓑ In Hb (as in OT) sin appears as the power that deceives humanity and leads it to destruction, whose influence and activity can be ended only by sacrifices (s. 1a end): ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Hb 3:13.—On the whole word s. ἁμαρτάνω, end. GMoore, Judaism I 445–52; ABüchler, Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabb. Lit. of the I Cent. 1928; WKnuth, D. Begriff der Sünde b. Philon v. Alex., diss. Jena ’34; EThomas, The Problem of Sin in the NT 1927; Dodd 76–81; DDaube, Sin, Ignorance and Forgiveness in the Bible, ’61; AGelin and ADescamps, Sin in the Bible, ’65.—On the special question ‘The Christian and Sin’ see PWernle 1897; HWindisch 1908; EHedström 1911; RBultmann, ZNW 23, 1924, 123–40; Windisch, ibid. 265–81; RSchulz, D. Frage nach der Selbsttätigkt. d. Menschen im sittl. Leben b. Pls., diss. Hdlb. ’40.—JAddison, ATR 33, ’51, 137–48; KKuhn, πειρασμός ἁμαρτία σάρξ im NT: ZTK 49, ’52, 200–222; JBremer, Hamartia ’69 (Gk. views).—B. 1182. EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW. -
17 χαίρω
χαίρω mid. by-form χαίρεται TestAbr s. below; impf. ἔχαιρον; fut. χαρήσομαι (B-D-F §77; Mlt-H. 264); 2 aor. pass. ἐχάρην (Hom.+).① to be in a state of happiness and well-being, rejoice, be glad opp. κλαίειν J 16:20; Ro 12:15ab (Damasc., Vi. Isid. 284 χαρίεις πρὸς τοὺς χαρίεντας); 1 Cor 7:30ab; Hv 3, 3, 2. Opp. λύπην ἔχειν J 16:22. W. ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (Hab 3:18; TestJob 43:15; ParJer 6:20; cp. TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 17 [Stone p. 26]) Mt 5:12; 1 Pt 4:13b; cp. Rv 19:7; GJs 17:2. W. εὐφραίνεσθαι (Jo 2:23 al. in LXX) Lk 15:32; Rv 11:10. W. σκιρτᾶν Lk 6:23. W. acc. of inner obj. (B-D-F §153, 1; Rob. 477) χ. χαρὰν μεγάλην be very glad (Jon 4:6; JosAs 3:4 al.) Mt 2:10. τῇ χαρᾷ ᾗ (by attraction for ἥν) χαίρομεν 1 Th 3:9. Also χαρᾷ χ., which prob. betrays the infl. of the OT (Is 66:10), J 3:29 (B-D-F §198, 6; Rob. 531; 550). The ptc. is used w. other verbs with joy, gladly (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 40 §169 ἄπιθι χαίρων; 3 Km 8:66; Eutecnius 4 p. 43, 7 ἄπεισι χαίρουσα; Laud. Therap. 12 χαίρων ἐστέλλετο) ὑπεδέξατο αὐτον χαίρων Lk 19:6; cp. vs. 37; 15:5; Ac 5:41; 8:39.—The obj. of or reason for the joy is denoted in var. ways: w. simple dat. τοῖς τὰ πολλὰ λέγουσιν those who are (merely) garrulous Papias (2:3) (Aristonous 1, 45 [p. 164 Coll. Alex.]; Just., A I, 5, 3 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 69, 20; s. also below on Ro 12:12) or prep. χαίρειν ἐπί τινι rejoice over someone or someth. (Soph. et al.; X., Cyr. 8, 4, 12, Mem. 2, 6, 35; Pla., Leg. 5, 729d; Diod S 1, 25, 2; Plut., Mor. 87e; 1088e; BGU 531 I, 4 [I A.D.]; POxy 41, 17; Tob 13:15ab; Pr 2:14; 24:19; Bar 4:33; JosAs 4:4; Jos., Ant. 1, 294; 3, 32; Ar. 15, 7; Just., D. 28, 4; Iren. 1, 16, 3 [Harv I 163, 9]) Mt 18:13; Lk 1:14; 13:17; Ac 15:31; Ro 16:19; 1 Cor 13:6; 16:17; 2 Cor 7:13; Rv 11:10; Hs 5, 2, 5 and 11; 8, 1, 16; 8, 5, 1 and 6; Dg 11:5. Also διά w. acc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 102 §428; EpArist 42) J 3:29; 11:15 the ὅτι-clause gives the reason, and δί ὑμᾶς is for your sakes = in your interest; cp. 1 Th 3:9. ἔν τινι (Soph., Trach. 1118; Pla., Rep. 10, 603c; En 104:13) Hs 1:11. ἐν τούτῳ over that Phil 1:18a (for other functions of ἐν s. below). περί τινος in someth. (Pla., Ep. 2, 310e.—περὶ πλοῦτον Did., Gen. 150, 8) 1 Cl 65:1. ἵνα μὴ λύπην σχῶ ἀφʼ ὧν ἔδει με χαίρειν (either ἀπὸ τούτων ἀφʼ ὧν or ἀπὸ τούτων οἷς) 2 Cor 2:3. The reason or object is given by ὅτι (Lucian, Charon 17; Ex 4:31; Just., A II, 2, 7) Lk 10:20b; J 11:15 (s. above); 14:28; 2 Cor 7:9, 16; Phil 4:10; 2J 4. χ. ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι Lk 10:20a. χ. ὅταν 2 Cor 13:9. χ. … γάρ Phil 1:18b (19). The reason or obj. is expressed by a ptc. (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 12; Pla., Rep. 5, 458a; Dio Chrys. 22 [39], 1 al.; PGM 4, 1212 χαίρεις τοὺς σοὺς σῴζων; 1611; Just., D. 114, 4): ἰδόντες τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν Mt 2:10; cp. Lk 23:8; J 20:20; Ac 11:23; Phil 2:28; Hv 3, 12, 3. ἀκούσαντες ἐχάρησαν they were delighted by what they heard Mk 14:11; cp. Ac 13:48; Hv 3, 3, 2.—1 Cl 33:7; Dg 5:16. λαβόντες τὰ ἐδέμσματα ἐχάρησαν Hs 5, 2, 10. W. gen. and ptc. (as Just., D. 85, 6) 9, 11, 7. If χαίρειν is also in the ptc., καί comes betw. the two participles: χαίρων καὶ βλέπων (and) it is with joy that I see Col 2:5. ἐχάρην ἐρχομένων ἀδελφῶν καὶ μαρτυρούντων I was glad when some fellow-Christians came and testified 3J 3.—τῇ ἐλπίδι χαίρ. Ro 12:12 is not ‘rejoice over the hope’ (the dat. stands in this mng. X., Mem. 1, 5, 4; Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 114 Jac.; Epict., App. D, 3 [p. 479 Sch.] ἀρετῇ χ.; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 137 οἷς ὁ θεὸς χ.; Pr 17:19), but rather rejoice in hope or filled with hope (B-D-F §196). τὸ ἐφʼ ὑμῖν χαίρω as far as you are concerned, I am glad Ro 16:19 v.l. In the majority of cases in our lit. ἐν does not introduce the cause of the joy (s. above): χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήμασιν I rejoice in the midst of (though because of is also poss.) (the) suffering(s) Col 1:24 (the Engl. ‘in’ conveys both ideas). χαίρ. ἐν κυρίῳ Phil 3:1; 4:4a, 10 (the imperatives in 3:1; 4:4ab are transl. good-bye [so Hom. et al.] by Goodsp., s. Probs. 174f; this would class them under 2a below). Abs. Lk 22:5; J 4:36; 8:56 (EbNestle, Abraham Rejoiced: ET 20, 1909, 477; JMoulton, ‘Abraham Rejoiced’: ibid. 523–28); 2 Cor 6:10; 7:7; 13:11; Phil 2:17f; 4:4b (s. Goodsp. above); 1 Th 5:16; 1 Pt 4:13a; cp. 13b; GPt 6:23; Hv 3, 3, 3f; Hs 1:11; 5, 3, 3; GJs 16:3.—On the rare mid. χαιρόμενος (TestAbr A 11 p. 89, 21 [Stone p. 26] χαίρεται καὶ ἀγάλλεται) Ac 3:8 D, s. Mlt. 161 w. note 1; B-D-F §307.② in impv., a formalized greeting wishing one well, also in indicative, to use such a greeting (in effect, to express that one is on good terms w. the other, cp. Soph., Oed. R. 596 νῦν πᾶσι χαίρω=now I bid everyone good day)ⓐ in spoken address, oft. on meeting people (Hom. et al.; also χαίροις TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 21 [Stone p. 42]; B 13 p. 117, 18 [82]; JosAs 8:2; GrBar 11:6f; loanw. in rabb.) χαῖρε, χαίρετε welcome, good day, hail (to you), I am glad to see you, somet. (e.g. Hermas)=how do you do? or simply hello Mt 26:49; 27:29; 28:9 (here perh. specif. good morning [Lucian, Laps. inter Salutandum 1 τὸ ἑωθινὸν … χαίρειν; also scholia p. 234, 13 Rabe; Cass. Dio 69, 18; Nicetas Eugen. 2, 31 H.; so Goodsp., Probs. 45f; he translates Lk 1:28 and the 2J and H passages in the same way]); Mk 15:18; Lk 1:28; GJs 11:1 (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 4, 2 Nectanebos says to Olympia upon entering her room: χαίροις Μακεδόνων βασίλεια); J 19:3 (on the sarcastic greeting as king cp. Diod S 34 + 35, Fgm. 2, 8f [Eunus]); Hv 1, 1, 4; 1, 2, 2ab; 4, 2, 2ab. χαίρειν τινὶ λέγειν greet someone, bid someone the time of day (Epict. 3, 22, 64; pass.: χαίρειν αὐτοῖς ὑφʼ ἡμῶν λέγεσθαι Iren. 1, 16, 3 [Harv. I 162, 11]) 2J 10f.—On the poss. sense farewell, good-bye for Phil 3:1; 4:4 s. 1 above, end.ⓑ elliptically at the beginning of a letter greetings (X., Cyr. 4, 5, 27; Theocr. 14, 1; Plut., Ages. 607 [21, 10]=Mor. 213a; Aelian, VH 1, 25; Jos., Vi. 217; 365; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; pap [Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 477–82; HLietzmann, Griech. Pap.: Kl. T. 142, 1910; Witkowski, Epistulae; GMilligan, Selections fr. the Gk. Pap.2 1911]; LXX.—B-D-F §389; 480, 5; Rob. 944; 1093. GGerhard, Untersuchungen zur Gesch. des griech. Briefes, diss. Heidelb. 1903, Philol 64, 1905, 27–65; FZiemann, De Epistularum Graecarum Formulis Sollemnibus: Dissertationes Philologicae Halenses XVIII/4, 1911; PWendland, Die urchristl. Literaturformen2, 3 1912, 411–17 [Suppl. 15: Formalien des Briefes]; WSchubart, Einführung in die Papyruskunde 1918; Dssm., LO 116ff=LAE 146ff [lit.]; FExler, The Form of the Ancient Gk. Letter 1923; ORoller, D. Formular d. paul. Briefe ’33; RArcher, The Ep. Form in the NT: ET 63, ’51f, 296–98; Pauly-W. III 836ff; VII 1192ff; Kl. Pauly II 324–27; BHHW I 272f) τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς … χαίρειν greetings to the brethren Ac 15:23; cp. 23:26; Js 1:1; AcPlCor 1:1; 2:1. Ign. uses the common formula πλεῖστα χαίρειν (πολύς 3bα) IEph ins; IMg ins; ITr ins; IRo ins; ISm ins; IPol ins.—The introduction to B is unique: χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου, ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1:1.—JLieu, ‘Grace to you and Peace’, The Apostolic Greeting: BJRL 68, ’85, 161–78.—Schmidt, Syn. II 550–73. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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