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41 ἀνεξέλικτος
ἀνεξ-έλικτος, ον,A whose development cannot be fully exhausted,ταῖς ἡμετέραις ἐπιβολαῖς Dam.Pr. 177
. Adv. - τως dub. l. S.E.M.7.191.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνεξέλικτος
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42 ἐπαΐσσω
Aἐπήϊξα Od.10.322
, Iterat.ἐπαϊξασκε Il.17.462
: [var] contr. [full] ἐπᾴσσω, [dialect] Att. [suff] ἐπαίσθ-ττω, [tense] fut. - ᾴξω:— rush at or upon: c. gen. (never in Od.), ἵππων ἐπαϊξαι rush at them, Il.5.263;νεῶν 13.687
.2 c. dat. pers., Κίρκῃ ἐπαΐξαι rush upon her, Od.10.295: in Il. only c. dat. instrum., ξίφει, δουρὶ ἐ., 5.584, 10.369, etc.; soμοι.. ἐπήϊσσον μελίῃσιν Od.14.281
.3 c. acc., assail, assault,Ἕκτορα Il.23.64
;τεῖχος 12.308
(never so in Od.):—[voice] Med., ἐπαϊξασθαι ἄεθλον rush at (i.e. seize upon) the prize, Il.23.773.4 abs. (so usu. in Hom.), of a hawk, ταρφἔ ἐπαϊσσει makes frequent swoops, 22.142; of the wind,ἐπαΐξας.. ἐκ νεφελάων 2.146
, etc.;σῦς ἐπαΐσσων βίᾳ B.5.116
, cf. Ar.Ach. 1171 (lyr.);ἐπᾴξας ἐς δόμους S.Aj. 305
; rare in Prose, as Pl.Tht. 190a (metaph.), Arist.HA 629b25:—also [voice] Med.,χειμῶνος μέλλοντος ἐπαΐσσεσθαι ὁδοῖο Arat.1139
.5 τὰ νεῦρα ἐπαΐσσεται ἀμφὶ τὰς φύσιας τῶν ἄρθρων (in the development of the embryo), dub. in Hp. Nat.Puer.17.II later, with acc. of the Instrument of motion, ἐ. πόδα move with hasty step, E.Hec. 1071 (lyr.);ἐ. ξίφος A.R.1.1254
: —[voice] Pass. even in Hom., χεῖρες ὤμων ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐπαΐσσονται ἐλαφραί they move lightly, Il.23.628 (v.l. ἀπ-) . [ᾱ- [dialect] Ep., ᾰ- [dialect] Att.]Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπαΐσσω
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43 ἔκλαμψις
II metaph., sudden development, at puberty, Hp.Epid.6.114 ( ἐκλάμψιας (acc. pl.) ap. Gal. ad loc.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔκλαμψις
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44 ἅγιος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `holy' (Hdt.).Derivatives: Beside ἅγιος (3-syll.), ἅζομαι (\< *ἅγι̯ομαι) (Il.). `honour' with different development in accordance with the length of the word.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [501] *ieh₂ǵ-Etymology: The connection with Skt. yájati `honour with offers and prayer' is semantically unobjectionable and formally explained by Lubotsky's rule ( MSS 40, 1981, 133-8) that in *ieh₂ǵ- before consonant the glottal element of the (preglottalized) *ǵ was lost. Suffix -iHo- in the noun? Other formation in ἁγνός (Od.). - Not to Lat. sacer (Meillet BSL 21, 126f.).Page in Frisk: 1,10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅγιος
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45 ἀδνόν
Grammatical information: adj.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Hypercorrect form caused by the development δν \> γν? Or just a form invented to explain Άριάδνη ? Buck, Gr. Dial. 2, 777.Page in Frisk: 1,21Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀδνόν
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46 αἰγίλιψ
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `sheer, steep' (Il.).; also place name.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Generally connected with Lith. lìp-ti `clamber' (s. Solmsen Untersuchungen 73 A. 1); but the meaning `clamber' is secondary to `stick, cleave' and it is far from certain that Greek knew the same development. The whole would be `what can be climbed only by goats', which Frisk calls "weit zweifelhafter". The form αἰγι- is unexplained (see αἴξ; αἰθί-οψ does not help). Cf. ἄλιψ πέτρα H. (but s. s.v.), from `what cannot be climbed'?; the gloss λίψ πέτρα ἀφ' ἡς ὕδωρ στάζει may be due to later interpretation (Solmsen, cf. Persson Beiträge 152 m. A. 1); Marzullo Studia Pagliaro III 101f thinks it is a mistake for α[ἰγί]λιψ. Further αἰγίλιψ ὑψηλη πέτρα καὶ πόλις καὶ ἰτέα ὑπὸ Θούριων H. Improbable Wecklein MünchSb 1911: 3 (s. WP. 2, 403, Kretschmer Glotta 5, 302).Page in Frisk: 1,31Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰγίλιψ
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47 αἰώρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `swing, hammock, noose, halter' (Pl.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: One reconstructs *Ϝαι-Ϝωρ-έω, an intensive (iterative) verb, Schwyzer 423, 647: a 1, 720: 2. from which *ϜαιϜώρα \> αἰώρα was derived. Taillardat assumes *h₂uōr-eyō \> *αϜωρέω (as in πωλέω etc.); redupl. in Greek *αϜαϜωρ- which would have given *αϜαιωρ- \> αἰωρ- (like *αϜαιρω \> αἴρω). Not quite certain seems to me the redupl. αϜ-αϜ-, and the development to *αϜαy- and its continuation as ( αϜ)-αι- (before vowel). Also, it is not evident that the word has the root of ἀείρω.Page in Frisk: 1,49Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰώρα
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48 ἄλλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `other' (Il.)..Dialectal forms: Cypr. αἶλος.Compounds: ἀλλοπρόσαλλος `unreliable, fickle' from ἄλλο πρὸς ἄλλον λέγων, Bechtel, Lex. ἀλλοφρονέω `give no heed, be senseless' with a special development of ἄλλο- (improbable Aeol. ἆλλος = ἠλεός, Bechtel Lex. ἀλλοφάσσω `to be delirious' (Hp.) with unclear second element.Derivatives: ἀλλοῖος `of another kind, different' (Hom.), after τοῖος, ποῖος, οἷος. - Several adverbs: ἄλλοθεν, ἀλλαχῃ̃ etc. - From an adverb with - τρ- (cf. Skt. anyá-tra `elsewhere') comes ἀλλότριος `alienus, belonging to another' (Il.).Etymology: ἄλλος \< * al-io- as in Lat. alius, Goth. aljis, OIr. aile `other' (Gaul. Allo-broges), Toch. B alye-k, A ālak (depalatalized), Arm. ayl. Beside *ali̯o- there was *ani̯o- in Skt. anyá- `other'; on their relation Debrunner REIE 3, 1ff. - S. ἀλλά, ἀλλάσσω, ἀλλόδαπος, ἀλλήλους; Schwy 446 n. 8, 614.Page in Frisk: 1,76-77Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλλος
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49 ἀμολγός
Grammatical information: m., (adj.)Meaning: `darkness'. Only (ἐν) νυκτὸς ἀμολγῳ̃ (Il. Λ 173, Ο 324, Χ 28, 317, 4 841). As adj. (prob. a secondary, learned development), E. Fr. 104 ἀμολγὸν νύκτα Εὑριπίδης Άλκμήνῃ ζοφερὰν καὶ σκοτεινήν. οἱ δε μέρος τῆς νυκτὸς καθ' ὅ ἀμέλγουσιν.Other forms: ὀμολγῳ̃ ζόφῳ Η. (ms. ὁμολογῶ)Derivatives: ἀμολγαῖος: μάζα ἀμολγαίη Hes. Op. 590 (s. below), ἀμολγαῖον μαστὸν ἀνασχόμενος AP 7, 657 (Leon.). ἀμολγάζει μεσημβρίζει H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The meaning was already lost in antiquity. If a verbal noun of ἀμέλγω, ἀμολγός is `the milking' (oxytonesis then secondary). The expression μάζα ἀμολγαίη in Hesiod is interpreted by Proklos and in EM s. μάζα as ἀκμαία: τὸ γὰρ ἀμολγὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀκμαίου τίθεται. Thus also Eustathios on Ο 324: Άχαιοὶ δε κατὰ τοὺς γλωσσογράφους ἀμολγὸν την ἀκμήν φασι. But this meaning may have been derived from the text (Leumann Hom. Wörter 274). Nilsson Primitive Timereckoning 35f. took it as the time of milking at the beginning of the night. DELG thinks this interpretation more probable than that as `fullness'. Extensive lit. in DELG and Frisk III, e.g. Kretschmer Glotta 22, 262f.; 11, 108; 13, 166f.; Wahrmann Glotta 13, 98ff.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 164; Bolling AJPh. 78, 1958, 165-172; Szemerényi, Gnomon 43, 1971, 654. In my view (ε.) ν. α. simply means `in the darkness of the night', in Λ and Ο of beasts of prey attacking `in (the protection of) the darkness of the night', in Χ of stars being visible in the darkness. The latter excludes an indication of time, and shows that it must be a clear night, so that a connection with `milk(ing)' is excluded. It may be confirmed by the glosses ζόφῳ and ζοφερὰν καὶ σκοτεινήν. - If ὁμολογω point to *ὀμολγός, and if the ὀ- is not simply due to assimilation, the alternation ἀ\/ὀ- would point to a substr. word.Page in Frisk: 1,94Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμολγός
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50 ἄντρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `cave' (Od.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: ἄντρον cannot be connected with Arm. ayr `grotto'. The last attempt, from De Lamberterie, must be rejected. He starts from a form *antēr, which is improbable (substr. words in - ηρ are also extremely rare), but the supposed development in Armenian is quite improbable; s. Clackson 1994, 98. - Connection with ἄνεμος (Schwyzer 532) is impossible. Lat. antrum is a loan. So we can best return to Chantr. Form. 331 and assume the word may be a substr.word.Page in Frisk: 1,115Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄντρον
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51 ἄνωγα
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `command, order' (Il.),Other forms: perf. with present meaning, ppf. ἠνώγεα; sec. pres. ἀνώγω, aor. - ξα (Schwyzer 767d: α).Dialectal forms: Achaean, s. Ruijgh Élém. ach. 128ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [290] *h₁eǵ- `say', *h₂eǵ-?Etymology: From ἄν-ωγα `proclaim loudly' (\< *- h₁e-h₁og-́) ablauting with ἦ `he said' ( *h₁e-h₁eǵ-t). Further Lat. aio (\< *ăǵ-i̯ō, prob. from *h₁ǵ-, but the development remains difficult; Schrijver Larr. Lat. index), adagio `proverbium'; Arm. ar̄-ac `proverbium', pres. asem `say' (s \< ḱ); Arm. a- \< h₁- before cons. would be regular. Cf. ἠμί. Hackstein, Unters. 332-4, assumes h₂- because of Toch. B ākṣäṃ (but connection with ἄζω is improbable).Page in Frisk: 1,115Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄνωγα
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52 ἀρκέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `avert, defend; suffice' (Il.).Compounds: Often - αρκης: αὐτάρκης `sufficient in oneself'; γυιάρκης `strengthening the limbs' (Pi.) etc. Perhaps ποδάρκης (s.v.).Derivatives: ἄρκος n. `defence' (Alc.) rather deverb. (because of its limited distribution). ἄρκιος (Il.) `to be relied on, sure, certain, sufficient' (development of the meaning difficult). Perhaps here ἄρκιον `burdock, Arctium Lappa' (Dsc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [65]Etymology: Generally connected with Lat. arceo `lock, defend'. Further Arm. argel `hindrance'. Perhaps to Hitt. ḫark- `hold, have', but the meaning does not fit. Not to Lith. rãktas `key', OHG rigil `bolt'.Page in Frisk: 1,141Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀρκέω
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53 ἅρμα 1
ἅρμα 1.Grammatical information: n. (pl.)Dialectal forms: Myc. amo \/ armo\/, dat. amotei, pl. amota, but it means `wheel'; amotejonade \/armoteiōna-de\/ `to the wheel workingplace'. On traces of the meaning `wheel' in Homer s. Panagl, Papers...Szemerényi (1992) 137-44. On the development (Myc. armho-, not yet * harmo-) Ruijgh, Études 48 n. 17.Compounds: ἁρματο-πηγός (Il.) `wheel-maker' etc. ἁρμάμαξα contains ἄμαξα (Ar.), unless it is an adapted Persian word. On βητάρμων s.v.Etymology: From ἀρ- `fit' in ἀραρίσκω; spiritus asper from original suffix - sm- (Schwyzer 523, Chantr. Form. 175), also in: ἁρμός (s. ἁρμόζω), ἁρμονία, ἁρμαλια (s.s.vv.). - Outside Greek there are several forms with m-suffix, e. g.Lat. arma pl. `weapons', armentum `herd' (independent formation), Arm. y-armar `fitting'. (Not here Lat. armus m. `arm', Goth. arms id., Skt.īrmá- id. etc. (\< * h₂(e)rH-mo-).Page in Frisk: 1,142-143Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἅρμα 1
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54 ἁρπαλέος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `devouring, greed; attractive, alluring' (Od.)Derivatives: Denom. ἁρπαλίζω `be eager to receive; exact greedily' (A.), ἁρπαλίζομαι ἀσμένως δέχομαι H.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Dissimilation of ἀλπαλέος, to ἄλπνιστος (s. v.). The original form in Hesychius ἀλπαλαῖον (leg. - έον) ἀγαπητόν. Secondary connection with ἁρπάζω explains the spiritus asper and the development of the meaning. Debrunner GGA 1910, 14, Wackernagel KZ 43, 377f.Page in Frisk: 1,149Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἁρπαλέος
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55 ἀσκαρίς
ἀσκαρίς, - ίδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `worm in the intestines, larve of the gnat' (Hp.).Other forms: Also σκαρίδες εἶδος ἑλμίνθων H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Generally, e.g. Strömberg Wortstudien 24, taken from ἀσκαρίζω `spring'; "semantisch nicht ganz überzeugend" Frisk. (Germ. Springwurm is a calque from Greek.) If the prothesis \/ absence of the initial vowel is original and not a recent development, rather a substr. word.Page in Frisk: 1,163Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσκαρίς
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56 αὐχήν
αὐχήν, - ένοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `neck, throat; isthmus' (Il.).Other forms: Aeol. acc. ἄμφενα (Theoc. 30. 28). αὔφην in Jo. Gramm. Comp. 3, 16 is very doubtful, cf. Solmsen, Wortforsch. 118 n. 2. ἄμφην· αὐχήν, τράχηλος H.; also ἀμφήν· αὐλήν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On ἄμφην beside αὐχήν see Pisani, RiLi 1 (1950) 182f. Schwyzer 296 assumed for ἄμφην *ἀγχϜ-ήν, connecting Skt. aṃhú- `narrow' etc. (s. ἄγχω), which with anticipation of the labial would have given αὐχήν. This is an improbable construction, the process unparallelled. One connects Arm. awji-k` (pl.) `neck', but the connection is quite difficult, Clackson 1994, 107ff. - The variants cannot be explained as Greek or IE, so the word will come from the substr. Variation labial\/velar is rare (Fur. 388, φωριαμός \/ χ.; but cf. γέφυρα \/ βέφυρα); also α\/αυ is rare; m\/w occurs mostly before n or intervocalic (Fur. 242 - 247). Therefore I think we must compare the type δάφνη \/ δαυχνα-, which Furnée 229 - 233 explains as showing variation labial\/w. I think that these forms had a labio-velar, gʷ, which either gave φ (in Aeolic) or - υχ- with anticipation of the labial element (Beekes Pre-Greek). Thus we have *ἀφ-ην\/ αὐ-χήν; ἄμφ-ην then has the well-known prenasalisation. Whatever the exact development, it is clear that substr. origin, and only that, can explain the variants. The Armenian form does not prove IE origin, as it can be a loan from an Anatolian language, cf. γέφυρα - kamurǰ (Beekes, Glotta 2003?).Page in Frisk: 1,192Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐχήν
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57 ἀφρατίας
Grammatical information: m.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀφρατίας
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58 ἄχερδος
Grammatical information: f. (m. Theoc.)Meaning: `wild pear, Pyrus amygdaliformis' (Od.).Other forms: ἀγέρδα (cod. -αα)· ἄπιος, ὄγχνη H. ἄχηρον· ἀκρίδα Κρῆτες H., with Cretan ερδ \> ηρ; ἀκρίδα is changed by Latte into ἀχράδα; doubtful; cf. ἀκρίς.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: See Chantr. Form. 359. - ἀγέρδα can be Macedonian; if not, the variation shows a Pre-Gr. word. Jokl, Festschrift Kretschmer 89ff., derived it from *ǵher(s)- `stretch' (WP. 1, 610; Pok. 445f.) assuming a development `thornbush' \> `wild pear'; the ἀ- would be copulative; both quite improbable. Comprared with Alb. dardhë `pear' (* ghord-). The ἀ- must then be a real prothesis and the word a non-IE loan word. Connection with ἀχράς is evident; q.v.Page in Frisk: 1,199Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄχερδος
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59 βασκαύλης
Grammatical information: m\/f?Meaning: unknown utensil ( POxy. 1, 109, 22, III-IVp).Other forms: Perhaps μασκαύληςOrigin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.Etymology: Grenfell-Hunt suggest Lat. vasculum, but this wil hardly give the Greek form. WH thought that it was a loan from Lat. bascauda, m-. (Mart.) `eherner Spülnapf'. Thus Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 660, but his proposal that the Greek word is due to a mis reading of Λ for Δ is improbable; it could well be a phonetic development. Fur. 212 thinks that the word is Pre-Greek, as shown by b\/m and d\/l. He further recalls Talmud. maskel `basin', which would confirm origin in an Anatolian language. But Martialis 14, 99 seems to prove that the word is Celtic (or perhaps a Eur. substratum word).Page in Frisk: 1,224Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βασκαύλης
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60 βασκευταί
Grammatical information: m.\/f?Other forms: Cf. βάσκιοι δεσμαὶ φρυγάνων H.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.Etymology: The word has been considered Macedonian and cognate with Lat. fascia `binding, Germ. Band'. Szemerényi, KZ 71 (1954) 212f, thought it was Illyrian. φασκίδες would then be the real Greek development. The word seems rather a European substratum word, s. Beekes, 125 Jahre Idg. (2000) 21-31. Not to φάσκωλος.Page in Frisk: 1,224Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βασκευταί
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