complex+task

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Trans Activation Of Transcription

2) Биология: thyrosine aminotransferase, toxin-antitoxin

3) Авиация: Total Air Temperature (температура воздушного потока)

4) Военный термин: Target Area Tactics, Technologies And Tactics, tactical air transport, tactical airlift technology, tactical armament turret, target aircraft transmitter, technical acceptance team, technical assistance and training, technical assistance team, temporary ambulance train, to accompany troops, transcontinental air transport, turnaround time, two-axis tracking

5) Техника: television awareness training, terramycin animal formula, thinned aperture telescope, trace acceptance tester, transatlantic cable, type-approval test

6) Шутливое выражение: The Almighty Teen

7) Финансы: оборачиваемость активов (Total Assets Turnover)

8) Сокращение: Tactical Armament Turret (USA), Tatar, Training Advisory Team (UK), Turnaround-Time, Total Aircraft Time (Общее время налета самолета), Tactical Analysis Team, Tapas Acupressure Technique, Tatry/Poprad, Slovakia - Tatry/Poprad (Airport Code), Tattoo, Technical Assessment Team, Technology Applications Team, Teenage Travelers (Family Motor Coach Association), Teens Against Television, Termination Attempt Trigger, Terrorist Action Team, Test Analysis Table, Test Auto Test, Testing and Training (SW Development and QA Testing), Tetanus Antitoxin, Text Attribute Table, The Astonishing Tribe (Sweden), Theoretical Arrival Time, Thermally-Activated Time-Dependent (reliability model), Three Affiliated Tribes, Tiffani-Amber Thiessen, Time After Time (song), Time for Average Turnaround, Toshiba Authorized Technician, Totally Antisymmetric Tensor, Totally Awesome Trip (slang), Touraine Air Transport (airline), Tourism Authority of Thailand, Trans-Atlantic Telephone cable, Transgenic Arthropod Team, Transient Accommodations Tax, Transitional Automated Ticket (airlines), Transportation and Ammunition Tracking, Turbine Air Temperature, Turn Around Time, Tyrosine Aminotransferase, Tyumen Avia Trans

9) Вычислительная техника: Theoretical Arrival Time (GCRA)

10) Нефть: межремонтный срок службы (turnaround time), группа технической приёмки (technical acceptance team)

11) Кардиология: Thrombin-antithrombin complex

12) Иммунология: транс-действующий транскрипционный фактор (Trans-Activating Transcriptional regulation)

13) СМИ: Truth About Tver

14) Деловая лексика: время обработки заказа, turn-around time

15) Полимеры: twist against twist

16) Химическое оружие: toxic area training

17) Авиационная медицина: target acquisition task, thematic apperception test

18) Макаров: toxin-antitoxin, TA, trap-assisted tunneling

19) Молекулярная биология: trans-activating transcriptional activator

1) Общая лексика: Transmission Control Protocol (Главный транспортный протокол. Протокол управления передачей. Работает одновременно с клиентом и протоколом низкого уровня (IP). Интерфейс между TCP и пользователем есть открытие и закрытие соединения и отправка и з)

2) Компьютерная техника: Terminal Control Program, Type Constrained Programming

3) Американизм: The Common People

4) Военный термин: Tactical Control Processor, Technological Coordinating Paper, Terminal Control Protocol, Traditional CINC Programs, tactical command post, task change proposal, technical change proposal, technical cooperation program, technical coordinating paper, test and checkout procedure, test control package, traffic control point, traffic control post, Time Charter Party

5) Техника: telemetry and command processor assembly, tetracalcium phosphate, thickness-conductivity product, time limited correlation processing, timing and control panel, training controller panel, transmission control program

6) Химия: Tri Cresyl Phosphate

7) Экономика: Проект технического сотрудничества (Technical Cooperation Project)

8) Автомобильный термин: torque charger, temperature compensated accelerator pump (Ford)

9) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Connecting Program, Transmission Control Protocol (IETF)

10) Сокращение: TDATS Control Panel, Tactical Computer Processor, Tactical Cryptologic Program (USA), Tactical Cryptologic Program, Thermite Case Penetrator, Transmission Control Program / Protocol (USA), Transport Control Protocol, Travure Courte Portee (Assault treadway bridge (France)), Turret Control Panel, Topologically Close Packed, Technical Cooperation Programme (ООН)

11) Физиология: Tablet, Coated Particles

12) Электроника: Time Controlled Parameter, Transformer- Coupled Plasma, Transmission Control Protocols

13) Вычислительная техника: Tape Carrier Package, Tape-Carrier Package, Test Coordination Procedure, Transmission Control Protocol (ARPANET), Tape Carrier Package (CPU), transmission control protocol

14) Нефть: total core penetration, tubing conveyed perforating

15) Иммунология: T-cell precursor, t-complex polypeptide

16) Стоматология: бета TCP, бета ТКФ, трикальций фосфат, трикальцийфосфат, трикальциум фосфат, tricalcium phosphate, ТКФ, трикальциум-фосфат

17) Онкология: Thrombocytopenia

18) Космонавтика: Technical Cooperation Programme (FAO), Tropical Cyclone Programme (WMO)

19) Геофизика: произведение мощности на удельную проводимость

20) Транспорт: Transportation Control Plan

21) Фирменный знак: The Childrens Place

22) Экология: Tropical Cyclone Program

23) Энергетика: Turbine Control Panel, панель контроля турбины, панель управления турбиной

24) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: tubing convey gun, turnover and completion package, Tubing Conveyed Perforating (ТЭО)

25) Образование: Traditional Classroom Program

26) Сетевые технологии: корпус на ленточном носителе, протокол управления передачей данных, управляющий протокол передачи

27) Полимеры: tricresyl phosphate

28) Автоматика: tool center point

29) Сахалин Ю: tubing conveyed perforator

30) Майкрософт: протокол TCP

31) Должность: Terran Confederation Pilot

32) Чат: Totally Controllable Pixies

33) Библиотечное дело: Theodore C. Petersen manuscript collection

1) Компьютерная техника: Telecom Signaling Card

2) Спорт: Tactical Strength Challenge, Texas Ski Council, Tuscaloosa Sailing Club

3) Военный термин: TROJAN Switching Center, Tactical Support Company, Top Secret Club, Top Secret Control, Troop Support Command, tactical satellite communications, tactical support center, target selection confusion, technical subcommittee, terminal service company, test steering committee, test support controller, total system control, training support center

4) Техника: target signature classification, telephone signaling converter, television scan converter, test set computer, thermally stimulated conductivity, time sharing control task, total soluble cations, totally self-checking system, transportable communications system, twisted smectic c-phase

5) Сельское хозяйство: Tractor Sales Corporation

6) Религия: Texas Soul Clinic

7) Юридический термин: sign a contract

8) Бухгалтерия: True Stranded Costs

9) Астрономия: Thermally Stimulated Currents

10) Металлургия: thin slab caster

11) Телекоммуникации: Test System Controller

12) Сокращение: Tactical Support Centre, Technical Support Center, Theater Surface Combatant, Total Ship Computer (system), Total Ship Computing, Transport Support Command, Triple Store Carrier, термоструктурные композиты (Thermostructural Composites)

13) Университет: Taggart Student Center

14) Физиология: Thermal Shock Chamber, Triage Station Controller, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

15) Вычислительная техника: Triton System Component, Triton System Controller, transmitter start code, Time Stamp Counter (Intel), Triton System Controller (Intel, Triton, IC)

16) Транспорт: Transportable Storage Canister, Two Stroke Cycle

17) Фирменный знак: The Service Center, The Service Company, Tractor Supply Company

18) СМИ: The Space Channel

19) Деловая лексика: Time Stamp Counter

20) Производство: total annual stocking cost

21) Полимеры: thermal stress cracking, total solids concentration

22) Океанография: Transportation Systems Center

23) Расширение файла: Time Sharing Control

24) Нефть и газ: ТПК - Технический подкомитет (Technical subcommittee)

25) Электротехника: thermally stimulated current, thyristor switched capacitors

26) Майкрософт: счётчик метки времени

27) AMEX. Stephan Company

1) (not compound, not complicated) einfach; (not elaborate) schlicht [Mobiliar, Schönheit, Kunstwerk, Kleidung]

2) (unqualified, absolute) einfach; simpel

3) (easy) einfach

4) (unsophisticated) schlicht; (foolish) dumm; einfältig

* * *

1) (not difficult; easy: a simple task.) einfach

2) (not complicated or involved: The matter is not as simple as you think.) einfach

3) (not fancy or unusual; plain: a simple dress/design; He leads a very simple life.) schlicht

4) (pure; mere: the simple truth.) rein

5) (trusting and easily cheated: She is too simple to see through his lies.) naiv

6) (weak in the mind; not very intelligent: I'm afraid he's a bit simple, but he's good with animals.) einfältig

•

- academic.ru/67357/simpleton">simpleton

* * *

<-r, -st or more \simple, most \simple>

1. (not elaborate) food, dress einfach, simpel pej

I want an explanation, but keep it \simple ich möchte eine einfache Erklärung

2. (not difficult) einfach

it's not as \simple as that das ist nicht ganz so einfach

in \simple English in einfachem Englisch

3. attr (not complex) einfach

a \simple life form eine schlichte Lebensform

4. attr, inv (honest) schlicht

that's the truth, pure and \simple das ist die reine Wahrheit

the \simple fact is that... Tatsache ist, dass...

for the \simple reason that... aus dem schlichten [o einfachen] Grund, dass...

5. ( approv: ordinary) einfach

he was just a \simple fisherman er war nur ein einfacher Fischer

the \simple things in life die einfachen Dinge im Leben

6. (foolish) naiv

* * *

adj (+er)

1) (= uncomplicated, easy) einfach

2) (= plain, not elaborate) einfach; decor, dress schlicht, einfach

3) (= unsophisticated, unworldly) einfach, schlicht

4) (= foolish, mentally deficient) einfältig

5) (CHEM, MED, MATH, LING) einfach; (BIOL, BOT) life form primitiv, einfach

* * *

simple [ˈsımpl]

A adj (adv → simply)

1. einfach, simpel (Aufgabe, Erklärung etc):

it was as simple as that so einfach war das

2. einfach, schlicht (Leben, Person etc):

simple diet einfache Kost

3. einfach, schlicht:

a) schmucklos, kunstlos

b) ungekünstelt (Stil etc):

simple beauty schlichte Schönheit

4. einfach, niedrig:

5. rein, unverfälscht:

6. simpel:

a) einfältig, töricht

b) unbedarft, ungebildet

c) naiv, leichtgläubig

7. einfach, unkompliziert (Design etc);

simple fracture MED einfacher oder glatter (Knochen)Bruch

8. einfach (Diebstahl, Gleichung etc):

simple fraction MATH einfacher oder gemeiner Bruch;

simple majority PARL einfache Mehrheit;

the simple forms of life BIOL die einfachen oder niederen Lebensformen;

simple tense LING einfache Zeit(form)

9. gering(fügig), unbedeutend

10. glatt, rein (Wahnsinn etc)

11. MUS allg einfach (Ton etc)

B s obs

1. → simpleton

2. PHARM Heilkraut n, -pflanze f

* * *

1) (not compound, not complicated) einfach; (not elaborate) schlicht [Mobiliar, Schönheit, Kunstwerk, Kleidung]

2) (unqualified, absolute) einfach; simpel

3) (easy) einfach

4) (unsophisticated) schlicht; (foolish) dumm; einfältig

* * *

einfach adj.

einfältig adj.

dif·fi·cult [ʼdɪfɪk^əlt] adj

1) ( not easy) examination, language, task schwierig, schwer; case, problem, situation schwierig; choice, decision schwer;

this problem is \difficult to deal with dieses Problem ist schwer in den Griff zu bekommen;

it was \difficult for her to say goodbye es fiel ihr schwer, sich zu verabschieden;

\difficult climb schwieriger Aufstieg;

\difficult labour schwere Geburt;

to find it \difficult to do sth es schwer finden, etw zu tun

2) ( with hardship) age, position schwierig; life, time schwer; job, trip beschwerlich

3) ( not easy to please) schwierig;

the manager is \difficult to deal with mit dem Manager ist nicht gut Kirschen essen ( fam)

4) ( complex) author, book, concept schwierig, schwer verständlich

район; округ; площадь; участок; зона; область; пространство; категория ( действий); см. тж. ground; zone

— acoustic shadow area

— actions area

— adjoining sea area

— administrative area

— advisory area

— air covered area

— air defended area

— air defense action area

— air defense area

— air defense engagement area

— air defense operations area

— air defense restricted area

— air defense warfare area

— air drop area

— air landing area

— air materiel area

— air objective area

— air refueling area

— air target area

— airborne alert area

— airborne area of operation

— airborne objective area

— aircraft dispersal area

— aircraft exclusion area

— aircraft loading area

— airhead maintenance area

— airmobile marshaling area

— airspace coordination area

— airspace danger area

— airspace warning area

— alert area

— alighting area

— alternate assembly area

— alternate deployment area

— ammunition upload area

— amphibious objective area

— amphibious tactical deployment area

— amphibious training area

— amphibious vehicle launching area

— antisubmarine screening area

— approach area

— approach passable area

— aptitude area

— area in defilade

— area of immediate contamination

— area of influence

— area of interest

— area of military significant fallout

— area of northern operations

— area of observation

— area of operational interest

— area of operations

— area of reduction

— area of responsibility

— area of strategic importance

— area of war

— armor killing area

— armor training area

— army area

— army crossing area

— army service area

— army support area

— artillery position area

— assault area

— assembly and arming area

— assembly and service area

— assembly and test area

— assembly area

— ASW patrol area

— athletic area

— attack area

— attrition area

— aviation support area

— bacteriologically contaminated area

— barrier area

— base area

— battalion area

— battalion crossing area

— battalion rear area

— battalion task force area

— battle area

— beach area

— beach maintenance area

— beach support area

— beach transit area

— billeting area

— biologically contaminated area

— blast area

— blast damage area

— block-type construction area

— boat assembly area

— booby-trap demonstration area

— breakthrough area

— bridge preassembly area

— brigade area

— brigade defensive area

— British Forces Maintenance area

— built-up area

— burst area

— cantonment area

— cargo assembly area

— casualty area

— catchment area

— centralized storage area

— checkout area

— chemically contaminated area

— city combat training area

— civil affairs area

— clandestine assembly area

— classified conference area

— clean area

— close fire support area

— cluster warhead submunition dispersal area

— coastal support area

— collecting area

— comb an area

— combat area

— combat patrolling area

— combat service support area

— command area

— communications area

— community area

— compact built-up area

— company defense area

— complex target area

— concentration area

— contact area

— contaminated air propagation area

— contamination area

— contingency A area

— contingency area

— control area

— controlled firing area

— convoy assembly area

— convoy marshaling area

— core area

— corps area

— corps service area

— corps storage area

— corps support area

— coverage area

— covering force area

— crisis area

— critical target area

— crossing area

— cushion area

— damage area

— dangerous area

— dead area

— debarkation area

— decisive area

— decontamination area

— defense area

— defensive area

— defensive coastal area

— defensive sea area

— delaying operations area

— delineate areas

— delivery area

— demilitarize an area

— demonstration test area

— denial area

— denial objects area

— denied area

— departure area

— dependent housing area

— dependent-restricted overseas area

— deplaning area

— deployment area

— detraining area

— detrucking area

— direct air support area

— direct fire engagement area

— dirty area

— disaster area

— disembarkation area

— disengagement area

— dispersal area

— dispersal parking area

— dispersion area

— displaced persons and refugee assembly area

— display area

— distant support target area

— distribution area

— division air support area

— division area

— division crossing area

— division support area

— divisional administrative area

— divisional maintenance area

— dropping area

— dummy area

— dummy assembly area

— dummy defensive area

— duty area

— early warning area

— economy-of-force area

— effective area

— effective beaten area

— effective disease area

— effective fire area

— effective landing area

— effective lethal area

— effective reflective area

— effects area

— embarkation area

— emergency area

— EMP destructive effects area

— employment area

— enemy area

— engagement area

— entraining area

— entrucking area

— equivalent target area

— estimated casualty area

— evacuation area

— exclusion area

— exercise area

— exit passable area

— expected areas of casualty density

— explosives area

— expulsion area

— extreme forward combat area

— FA service area

— fallout area

— farthest forward area

— fatal area

— field exercise area

— field firing area

— field gun area

— fighting area

— final assembly area before crossing

— final assembly area for attack

— fire area

— fire contact area

— fire control area

— fire coordination area

— fire support area

— firing area

— firing position area

— first echelon area of responsibility

— flank area

— fleet basing area

— floating dump area

— force maintenance area

— forces separation area

— forming-up area

— fortified area

— forward airhead maintenance area

— forward area

— forward assembly area

— forward battle area

— forward bridge preassembly area

— forward brigade administrative area

— forward combat area

— forward concentration area

— forward defense area

— forward defensive area

— forward echelon area of responsibility

— forward maintenance area

— forward staging area

— free drop supplies recovery area

— free fire area

— frontier area

— fuel storage area

— full radiological exclusion area

— functional area

— garrison area

— garrison training area

— gas-contaminated area

— general position area

— greatest intelligence productivity area

— ground training area

— ground zero area

— guidance and control area

— guidance area

— gun area

— gun-defended area

— gunnery training area

— halt area

— hardened storage area

— hazard area

— helicopter assembly area

— helicopter liftout area

— helicopter transport area

— helicopter-launching area

— hidden area

— hide area

— high fallout/no blast area

— high jamming area

— high risk area

— high threat area

— high-rise area

— hitting area

— holding area

— hookup area

— hostile fire area

— hostile launch antipodal area

— hot area

— hot-pad area

— IGBM defense deployment area

— impact area

— inactive area

— infiltration area

— initial assembly area

— inner rendezvous area

— inner transport area

— integrated lethal area

— intensified fire area

— interdiction area

— intermediate assembly area

— intermediate staging area

— intervention area

— inundation area

— jamming area

— joint security area

— jump area

— jungle training area

— killing area

— laager site area

— land impact area

— landing area

— landing ship area

— landing-attractive area

— landing-inviting area

— large dispersed aerosol contamination area

— launch base area

— launch control area

— launcher deployment area

— launching area

— lethality area

— light damage area

— light rescue area

— limited access area

— limited forces area

— limited radiological exclusion area

— lines of communication area

— liquid-contaminated area

— loading area

— local dispersal area

— local training area

— lodgement area

— loitering area

— long tour area

— low-threat area

— main battle area

— main defense area

— main defensive area

— main fighting area

— main support area

— maintenance area

— major built-up area

— major target area

— major training area

— maneuver area

— maneuver rights area

— maritime exclusion area

— marshaling area

— material balance area

— mating area

— maximum efforts application area

— maximum security area

— maximum supporting fires area

— maximum vulnerability area

— mess area

— metropolitan defense area

— military area

— mine warfare area

— mined area

— minor support area

— missile assembly and arming area

— missile checkout area

— missile defended area

— missile dispersion area

— missile hold area

— missile shadow area

— missile transfer area

— mission area

— mobilization area

— moderate damage area

— moderately contaminated area

— mortar area

— MOS area

— motor maintenance area

— mountain warfare training area

— mounting area

— movement control area

— multiple assembly area

— multiple contamination area

— NATO Early Warning area

— NATO guidelines area

— naval area

— naval support area

— NBC area of observation

— NBC contaminated area

— no fire area

— no go area

— non-deployment area

— nonvital area

— normal ground training area

— nuclear area

— nuclear deployment area

— nuclear effects area

— nuclear killing area

— nuclear safety area

— nuclear target area

— nuclear-powered BM submarine patrol area

— objective area

— obstructions area

— OP compound area

— open skin areas

— operating area

— operational area

— operational defensive area

— operations area

— opposition area

— optimum engagement area

— orbit area

— ordnance area

— outer transport area

— out-of-fire contact area

— outpost area

— overlap area

— overlapping nuclear package area

— overseas staging area

— patrolling area

— penetration area

— peripheral responsibility area

— personnel procurement area

— petroleum area

— phoney area

— phoney contaminated area

— plans area

— POL area

— POL hardened storage area

— port staging area

— position area

— possible hostile area

— post-decontamination area

— potential battle area

— potential kill area

— potential launch area

— preference service area

— preinvestigation holding area

— prelaunch area

— primary engagement area

— production area

— PW holding area

— radar detection area

— radar surveillance area

— radar warning area

— radioactive contamination area

— radiological area

— radiological exclusion area

— rallying area

— readiness area

— rear area

— rear assembly area

— rear defense area

— rear maintenance area

— rearming and turnaround area

— rearward area

— reception area

— reconnaissance area

— reconstitution area

— recovery area

— recreation area

— regiment defensive area

— regrouping area

— reinforcement assembly area

— reloading area

— rendezvous area

— reserve area

— residual radiation area

— resistance area

— rest area

— restricted area

— restricted fire area

— risk area

— riverine area

— round-up area

— safe area

— SAM launching area

— SAM target destruction area

— satellite intercept rendezvous area

— saturation fire area

— scattering area

— scouting area

— sea echelon area

— sealed area

— search area

— secondary target area

— security area

— sensitive area

— service area

— set-down area

— severe damage area

— shell swept area

— shelter area

— ship dispersal area

— site area

— small ozone-depleted area

— smoke-blanketed area

— Sovereign Base area

— special area

— special obstructions area

— specialist area

— spotting area

— stabilized area

— staging area

— standby area

— stand-down area

— static display area

— station area

— sterile area

— storage area

— strategic area

— strategic missile support area

— striking force area

— strip area

— submarine patrol area

— subsurface sea area

— supply and service area

— supply area

— support area

— surface area

— surveillance area

— suspected assembly area

— tactical area of responsibility

— tactical area

— tactical assembly area

— tactical battle area

— tactical defensive area

— tank rallying area

— tank training area

— tank water-tightening area

— tankproof area

— target acquisition area

— target area

— target engagement area

— target probable location area

— target transfer area

— test area

— thinly defended area

— threatened area

— track initiation area

— training area

— trains area

— transfer area

— transit area

— transport area

— transport assembly area

— underdeveloped area

— undermanned area

— unloading area

— unorganized area

— unrestricted area

— uploading area

— urban area

— vehicle dispersal area

— vehicle driving water area

— vehicle processing area

— vehicle staging area

— vehicle standby area

— vital air defense area

— vital area

— waiting area

— walk-out area

— warfare area

— water fording area

— water impact area

— water training area

— white area

— yellow area

— zone of communications forward area

— zone of communications rear area

1) несложный, простой, лёгкий

2)

а) мат. неразложимый, элементарный

б) бот. простой (о листовой пластинке, состоящей из одного элемента)

3)

а) простодушный, наивный; доверчивый, легковерный

б) глуповатый, непросвещённый

4) незнатный, простой ( о происхождении)

5)

а) незамысловатый, незатейливый; простой, скромный

б) без излишеств, неукрашенный

6) прямой, честный

7) явный; истинный, настоящий

8) основной, базисный, основополагающий

9) не ограниченный условностями, простой

•

••

1) простой человек, человек незнатного происхождения

2)

а) грубиян

б) неуч, невежда

3) умственно отсталый человек

4) мед.

а) лекарственная трава

б) растительный препарат, изготовленный на основе одного ингредиента

5) ингредиент, компонент, элементарная составляющая (чего-л.)

difficult adj

1 (hard, not easy to do) [task, choice, question, puzzle] difficile ; it is difficult to learn Russian il est difficile d'apprendre le russe ; Russian is difficult to learn le russe est difficile à apprendre ; it will be difficult to decide il sera difficile de décider ; it will be difficult for me to decide il me sera difficile de décider ; to find it difficult to do avoir du mal à faire ; it's difficult to accept that on a du mal à accepter que (+ subj) ;

2 (complex, inaccessible) [author, novel, piece, concept] difficile ;

3 ( awkward) [period, age, position, personality, client, case] difficile ; to make life difficult for rendre la vie difficile à ; it's a difficult area (of law, policy, ethics) c'est un sujet délicat ; difficult to live with, difficult to get on with difficile à vivre.

hard

A adj

1 [consistency, object, surface, skin, muscle, snow, butter, bread, ground, bed, pencil lead] dur ; [paint, wax, mud, glue] dur, durci ; to go ou grow ou become hard durcir ; to set hard [concrete, plaster etc] durcir complètement ; a hard frost une forte gelée ; frozen hard complètement gelé ; ⇒ hard lens ;

2 (difficult, complex) [problem, question, puzzle] dur, difficile ; [choice] difficile, dur à faire ; [decision] difficile, dur à prendre ; (arduous, demanding) [task, study, training, climb] dur, difficile ; [bargaining, negotiations, fight] dur, serré ; I've had a hard day j'ai eu une dure journée ; a hard day's work/filming une dure journée de travail/de tournage ; to be hard to open/cut/find/read être dur or difficile à ouvrir/couper/trouver/lire ; it's a hard poem to translate c'est un poème difficile à traduire ; to be hard to please être exigeant ; it's hard to do c'est dur or difficile à faire ; it was hard not to laugh il était dur or difficile de ne pas rire ; his decision was hard for us to understand il était dur or difficile de comprendre sa décision, nous avions du mal à comprendre sa décision ; it is hard for sb to do sth il est difficile à or pour qn de faire qch ; it was hard for us to understand his decision il nous était difficile de comprendre sa décision, nous avions du mal à comprendre sa décision ; it's hard for old people to change their ways il est difficile pour les personnes âgées de changer leurs habitudes ; to find it hard to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch, trouver dur or difficile de faire qch ; to find sth hard to do trouver qch dur or difficile à faire ; it's hard to accept/believe on a du mal à accepter/croire (that que) ; I'm not afraid of hard work le travail ne me fait pas peur ; it was hard work ou going ça a été dur or difficile ; it's hard work doing sth c'est difficile or dur de faire qch ; it was hard work persuading her to sell c'était difficile or dur de la persuader de vendre ; I found the article rather hard going j'ai trouvé l'article plutôt ardu or difficile ; he made hard work of moving the table il a fait tout un plat ○ pour déplacer la table ; hard work never hurt ou killed anybody! le travail n'a jamais fait de mal à personne! ; it's too much like hard work c'est trop fatigant ; to be a hard worker [student, pupil, employee] être travailleur/-euse ; [manual worker] être dur à la tâche ; to do things the hard way se compliquer la tâche ; he got the job the hard way il a beaucoup travaillé pour en arriver là ; to find sth out ou learn sth the hard way apprendre qch à ses dépens ;

3 (harsh, unpleasant) [life, childhood, year] difficile ; [blow, knock] fig dur, terrible ; [climate, winter] rude ; he has to learn to take the hard knocks il faut qu'il apprenne à encaisser ○ ; this is a hard world nous vivons dans un monde cruel or sans pitié ; to be hard on sb [person, court] être dur envers qn ; don't be so hard on yourself! ne sois pas si dur avec toi-même! ; this tax is very hard on the unemployed cet impôt frappe durement les chômeurs ; this print is hard on the eyes ces caractères ne ménagent pas la vue ; hard luck ou lines ○ GB! ( sympathetic) pas de chance! ; hard luck ou lines ○ GB ou cheese ○ GB! ( unsympathetic) tant pis pour toi!, manque de pot ○ ! ; to take a hard line adopter une attitude ferme (on sth à propos de qch ; with sb envers qn) ; it's a hard life gen, hum, iron la vie est dure ; it's a hard life being a millionaire iron c'est dur d'être (un) millionnaire ; no hard feelings! sans rancune! ; I bear her no hard feelings je ne lui en veux pas, je ne lui en tiens pas rancune ; these are hard times les temps sont durs ; to fall on hard times connaître des revers de fortune ; he's having a hard time (of it) il traverse une période difficile ; to have a hard time (of it) doing sth avoir du mal à faire qch ; to give sb a hard time ○ ( make things difficult) rendre la vie impossible à qn ; ( tell off) passer un savon ○ à qn ;

4 (stern, cold) [person, voice, look, words] dur, sévère ; their hearts are hard ils ont le cœur dur ;

5 ( forceful) [shove, push, knock] bon/bonne (before n) ; I gave the door a hard push j'ai poussé fortement la porte ;

6 ( concrete) [evidence, proof] solide ; [facts] concret/-ète, solide ; [news] sérieux/-ieuse ; the paper that brings you the hard news le journal qui vous donne des nouvelles sérieuses ; the hard facts about sth la vérité sur qch ;

7 ( stark) [outline, colour, light] dur ; [sound] violent ;

8 ( strong) [drink, liquor] fort ; [drug] dur ; [pornography] hard ; to be a hard drinker boire des alcools forts ; a drop of the hard stuff ○ une goutte d'alcool (fort) ;

9 Pol the hard left/right la gauche/droite (pure et) dure ;

10 Chem [water] dur, calcaire ;

11 Ling [consonant] dur ;

12 ○ ( tough) [person] dur ; so you think you're hard, do you? tu te prends pour un dur, hein ○ ?

B adv

1 (strongly, energetically) [push, pull, punch, laugh, cry] fort ; [work] dur ; [study, think] sérieusement ; [rain] fort, à verse ; [snow] abondamment ; [look, listen] attentivement ; to hit sb/sth hard lit frapper qn/qch fort ; fig frapper qn/qch durement ; to be hard hit fig être durement frappé (by par) ; think hard! réfléchissez bien or sérieusement! ; to try hard ( intellectually) faire beaucoup d'efforts ; ( physically) essayer de toutes ses forces ; as hard as one can [run, try, push, pull, work] de toutes ses forces ; no matter how hard I try/work, I… j'ai beau essayer/travailler, je… ; to be hard at it ○ ou at work être en plein boulot ○ or travail ; she works ou drives her students very hard elle fait travailler très dur ses étudiants ; to take sth (very) hard prendre (très) mal qch ;

2 ( with directions) turn hard left at the traffic lights aux feux tournez tout de suite à gauche ; go hard astern Naut machine arrière toute ; hard a-port/a-starboard Naut à babord/à tribord toute ;

3 ( indicating proximity) hard behind juste derrière ; hard by† sth tout près de qch ; hard (up)on sth juste sur qch ; ⇒ heel.

to play hard to get se faire désirer ; to be hard put to do avoir du mal à faire ; to be/feel hard done by être/se sentir brimé.

perform [pə'fɔ:m]

1 transitive verb

(a) (carry out → manoeuvre, task) exécuter, accomplir; (→ calculation) effectuer, faire; (→ miracle) accomplir; (→ wedding, ritual) célébrer;

∎ the robot can perform complex movements le robot peut exécuter des mouvements complexes;

∎ Medicine to perform an operation opérer

(b) (fulfil → function, duty) remplir;

∎ the agency performs a vital service l'agence remplit une fonction vitale

(c) (stage → play) jouer, donner; (→ ballet, opera) interpréter, jouer; (→ concert) donner; (→ piece of music) exécuter;

∎ to perform a part Theatre jouer ou interpréter un rôle; (in ballet) danser un rôle

2 intransitive verb

(a) (actor, comedian, musician) jouer; (dancer) danser; (singer) chanter;

∎ the Berlin Philharmonic is performing tonight l'Orchestre philharmonique de Berlin donne un concert ou joue ce soir;

∎ she performed superbly in the role of Lady Bracknell elle a magnifiquement interprété le rôle de Lady Bracknell

(b) (person → in job, situation) se débrouiller;

∎ to perform well/badly bien/ne pas bien s'en tirer;

∎ he'd never spoken in public before, but he performed well il n'avait jamais parlé en public avant, mais il s'en est bien tiré ou il s'est bien débrouillé;

∎ how does she perform under pressure? comment réagit-elle lorsqu'elle est sous pression?;

∎ I couldn't perform (sexually) je n'ai pas pu

(c) (company, business) fonctionner; (shares, investment, currency) se comporter;

∎ to perform well/badly (company) avoir de bons/mauvais résultats;

∎ the Miami branch is not performing well les résultats de la succursale de Miami ne sont pas très satisfaisants;

∎ how did the company perform in the first quarter? comment la société a-t-elle fonctionné au premier trimestre?;

∎ shares performed well yesterday les actions se sont bien comportées hier

(d) (function → vehicle, machine) marcher, fonctionner;

∎ the car performs well/badly in wet conditions cette voiture a une bonne/mauvaise tenue de route par temps de pluie

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Civil engineering

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Albert received a sound education in the arts and sciences, carefully designed to fit him for a role as consort to the future Queen Victoria. After their marriage in 1840, Albert threw himself into the task of establishing his position as, eventually, Prince Consort and uncrowned king of England. By his undoubted intellectual gifts, unrelenting hard work and moral rectitude, Albert moulded the British constitutional monarchy into the form it retains to this day. The purchase in 1845 of the Osborne estate in the Isle of Wight provided not only the growing royal family with a comfortable retreat from London and public life, but Albert with full scope for his abilities as architect and planner. With Thomas Cubitt, the eminent engineer and contractor, Albert erected at Osborne one of the most remarkable buildings of the nineteenth century. He went on to design the house and estate at Balmoral in Scotland, another notable creation.

Albert applied his abilities as architect and planner in the promotion of such public works as the London sewer system and, in practical form, the design of cottages for workers, such as those in south London, as well as those on the royal estates. Albert's other main contribution to technology was as educationist in a broad sense. In 1847, he was elected Chancellor of Cambridge University. He was appalled at the low standards and narrow curriculum prevailing there and at Oxford. He was no mere figurehead, but took a close and active interest in the University's affairs. With his powerful influence behind them, the reforming fellows were able to force measures to raise standards and widen the curriculum to take account, in particular, of the rapid progress in the natural sciences. Albert was instrumental in ending the lethargy of centuries and laying the foundations of the modern British university system.

In 1847 the Prince became Secretary of the Royal Society of Arts. With Henry Cole, the noted administrator who shared Albert's concern for the arts, he promoted a series of exhibitions under the auspices of the Society. From these grew the idea of a great exhibition of the products of the decorative and industrial arts. It was Albert who decided that its scope should be international. As Chairman of the organizing committee, by sheer hard work he drove the project through to a triumphant conclusion. The success of the Exhibition earned it a handsome profit for which Albert had found a use even before it closed. The proceeds went towards the purchase of a site in South Kensington, for which he drew up a grand scheme for a complex of museums and colleges for the education of the people in the sciences and the arts. This largely came to fruition and South Kensington today is a fitting memorial to the Prince Consort's wisdom and concern for the public good.

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[əˈnæləsɪs]

accounts analysis анализ статей баланса ad hoc analysis анализ специального вида analysis (pl -ses) анализ analysis анализ analysis исследование analysis подробное рассмотрение analysis психоанализ analysis грам. разбор; sentence analysis синтаксический разбор analysis хим. разложение analysis of accounts ревизия счетов analysis of balance sheet анализ балансового отчета analysis of economic trends полит.эк. анализ экономических тенденций analysis of profitability анализ прибыльности analysis of variance стат. дисперсионный анализ authorized program analysis вчт. санкционированный анализ программы backwarderror analysis вчт. обратный анализ ошибок balance sheet analysis анализ балансового отчета bayesian analysis байесовский анализ best-route analysis вчт. анализ оптимального маршрута bottom-up analysis восходящий анализ breakeven analysis анализ безубыточности bus state analysis вчт. анализ состояния шины cash flow analysis анализ движения денежной наличности cash flow analysis анализ движения ликвидности circulation analysis анализ распространения информации cluster analysis анализ путем разбиения на группы cluster analysis группирование cluster analysis стат. кастерный анализ cluster analysis классификация cluster analysis вчт. кластерный анализ comparative external analysis сравнительное наружное обследование complex analysis вчт. комплексный анализ congestion analysis вчт. анализ системы массового обслуживания correlation analysis корреляционный анализ cost analysis анализ затрат cost-benefit analysis (CBA) анализ затрат и результатов cost-benefit analysis (CBA) межотраслевой анализ covariance analysis ковариационный анализ critical path analysis анализ методом критического пути cross-section analysis стат. структурный анализ cross-sectional analysis статический анализ decision-flow analysis вчт. анализ потока решений differential analysis дифференциальный анализ discontinuance analysis анализ причин прекращения производства discriminant analysis дискриминантный анализ dynamic analysis динамический анализ economic analysis экономический анализ (например, экономический анализ деревенской бедности в развивающихся странах) economic analysis экономический анализ error analysis вчт. анализ погрешностей extrapolative analysis экстраполятивный анализ factor analysis факторный анализ factorial analysis факторный анализ failure tree analysis вчт. анализ дерева отказов feasibility analysis анализ осуществимости financial analysis анализ финансового состояния flow analysis анализ потоков данных functional analysis функциональный анализ funds flow analysis анализ источников и использования средств funds flow analysis отчет об источниках и использовании средств game-theoretic analysis теоретико- игровой анализ graphical analysis графический анализ impact analysis анализ влияния факторов in the last (или final) analysis в конечном счете incoming orders analysis анализ поступающих заказов incremental analysis анализ приращений invariant analysis инвариантный анализ investment analysis анализ капиталовложений job analysis анализ вида работы job analysis изучение особенностей работы job analysis изучение трудовых операций layout analysis анализ топологии least-squares analysis анализ методом наименьших квадратов linear analysis линейный анализ linear programming analysis анализ методом линейного программирования liquidity analysis анализ ликвидности logistic analysis логистический анализ market analysis анализ рынка marketing analysis анализ сбыта markovian analysis марковский анализ matrix analysis матричный анализ means-ends analysis анализ цели-средства media analysis анализ рекламной деятельности motivational analysis исследование мотиваций motivational analysis мотивационный анализ multiple factor analysis многофакторный анализ multivariate statistical analysis многомерный статистический анализ needs analysis анализ потребностей network analysis сетевой анализ (частный случай системного анализа) network analysis сетевой анализ numerical analysis вчт. численный анализ occupational analysis анализ профессии (описание выполняемых задач и операций) operations analysis анализ производственного процесса по операциям operations analysis исследование операций organizational analysis организационный анализ parameter analysis анализ изменения параметров parameter variation analysis вчт. анализ изменения параметров partial analysis частичный анализ peak hour analysis анализ пикового периода period analysis анализ последовательностей periodogram analysis анализ периодических зависимостей perspective analysis перспективный анализ postoptimality analysis анализ после нахождения оптимального решения probabilistic analysis вероятностный анализ production analysis анализ производства profitability analysis анализ рентабельности protocol analysis протокольный анализ proximate analysis приближенный анализ quadratic analysis квадратический анализ qualitative analysis качественный анализ quantitative analysis количественный анализ quasilinear analysis квазилинейный анализ queueing analysis анализ системы массового обслуживания ranging analysis классификационный анализ regresslon analysis регрессионный анализ relevance analysis анализ важности факторов response analysis анализ ответов risk analysis анализ степени риска sales analysis анализ возможностей сбыта sales order analysis анализ заказов на закупку scenary analysis анализ сцен scene analysis вчт. анализ изображений security analysis изучение финансовой деятельности компании analysis грам. разбор; sentence analysis синтаксический разбор sequence analysis вчт. анализ последовательностей share analysis анализ акций short-period analysis анализ за короткий период времени simulation analysis исследование методом моделирования skill analysis анализ квалификации socio-economic analysis социально-экономический анализ spectral analysis спектральный анализ statistic analysis статистический анализ statistical analysis статистический анализ structural analysis структурный анализ syntax analysis синтаксический анализ systems analysis анализ систем tabular analysis анализ табличных данных task analysis анализ рабочего задания technical analysis технический анализ time-series analysis анализ временных рядов top-down analysis нисходящий анализ trace analysis анализ кривых transverse analysis поперечный анализ trend analysis анализ тренда value analysis стоимостно-функциональный анализ variance analysis дисперсионный анализ variance analysis выч. дисперсионный анализ wave analysis гармоничный анализ wave-form analysis гармоничный анализ work load analysis анализ рабочей нагрузки

[səˈlu:ʃən]

algorithm architecture solution вчт. реализация алгоритма с учетом архитектуры машины asymptotic solution асимптотическое решение asymptotical solution асимптотическое решение balanced-growth solution решение для модели сбалансированного роста basic solution основное решение complex solution комплексное решение compromise solution компромиссное решение continuous solution непрерывное решение damped solution затухающее решение degenerate solution вырожденное решение discrete solution дискретное решение dual feasible solution возможное решение двойственной задачи dual feasible solution план двойственной задачи equilibrium solution равновесное решение equitable solution справедливое решение farsighted solution дальновидное решение feasible solution допустимое решение final solution окончательное решение forward-looking solution дальновидное решение graphic solution графическое решение graphical solution графическое решение solution решение, разрешение (вопроса и т. п.); объяснение; his ideas are in solution его взгляды еще не установились initial solution исходное решение least-squares solution решение методом наименьших квадратов locally optimal solution локально оптимальное решение minimizing solution минимизирующее решение nondegenerate solution невырожденное решение nonoptimal solution неоптимальное решение numerical solution численное решение optimal solution оптимальное решение optimum solution оптимальное решение package solution комплексное решение partial solution частное решение probabilistic solution вероятностное решение propose a solution предлагать решение provisional solution предварительное решение pseudo-dual solution решение псевдодвойственной задачи pure-strategy solution решение в чистых стратегиях regular solution регулярное решение singular solution особое решение solution исполнение обязательств solution мед. микстура, жидкое лекарство solution мед. окончание болезни, разрешение solution очистка долга solution разрешение, решение (вопроса и т.п.) solution разрешение проблемы solution раствор solution растворение; распускание solution решение, разрешение (вопроса и т. п.); объяснение; his ideas are in solution его взгляды еще не установились solution решение solution of game вчт. решение игры tailored solution решение, принятое с учетом поправок task solution решение задачи temporary solution временное решение trial-and-error solution решение методом проб и ошибок unique solution однозначное решение variable solution продуктивное решение zero solution нулевое решение

   1) Cognitive Processes Truly Exist

   The basic reason for studying cognitive processes has become as clear as the reason for studying anything else: because they are there. Our knowledge of the world must be somehow developed from stimulus input.... Cognitive processes surely exist, so it can hardly be unscientific to study them. (Neisser, 1967, p. 5).

   2) Cognitive Psychologists Construe the Abstract Mechanisms Underlying Behavior

   The task of the cognitive psychologist is a highly inferential one. The cognitive psychologist must proceed from observations of the behavior of humans performing intellectual tasks to conclusions about the abstract mechanisms underlying the behavior. Developing a theory in cognitive psychology is much like developing a model for the working of the engine of a strange new vehicle by driving the vehicle, being unable to open it up to inspect the engine itself....

   It is well understood from the automata theory... that many different mechanisms can generate the same external behavior. (Anderson, 1980, pp. 12, 17)

   3) Cognitive Psychology Does Not Deal with Whole People

   [Cognitive psychology does not] deal with whole people but with a very special and bizarre-almost Frankensteinian-preparation, which consists of a brain attached to two eyes, two ears, and two index fingers. This preparation is only to be found inside small, gloomy cubicles, outside which red lights burn to warn ordinary people away.... It does not feel hungry or tired or inquisitive; it does not think extraneous thoughts or try to understand what is going on. It is, in short, a computer, made in the image of the larger electronic organism that sends it stimuli and records its responses. (Claxton, 1980, p. 13)

   4) Cognitive Psychology Has Not Succeeded in Making a Significant Contribution to the Understanding of the Human Mind

   Cognitive psychology is not getting anywhere; that in spite of our sophisticated methodology, we have not succeeded in making a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the human mind.... A short time ago, the information processing approach to cognition was just beginning. Hopes were high that the analysis of information processing into a series of discrete stages would offer profound insights into human cognition. But in only a few short years the vigor of this approach was spent. It was only natural that hopes that had been so high should sink low. (Glass, Holyoak & Santa, 1979, p. ix)

   5) Cognitive Psychology Seeks to Understand Human Intelligence and Thinking

   Cognitive psychology attempts to understand the nature of human intelligence and how people think. (Anderson, 1980, p. 3)

   6) The Rise of Cognitive Psychology Demonstrates That the Impeccable Peripheralism of Stimulus- Response Theories Could Not Last

   The past few years have witnessed a noticeable increase in interest in an investigation of the cognitive processes.... It has resulted from a recognition of the complex processes that mediate between the classical "stimuli" and "responses" out of which stimulus-response learning theories hoped to fashion a psychology that would by-pass anything smacking of the "mental." The impeccable peripheralism of such theories could not last. One might do well to have a closer look at these intervening "cognitive maps." (Bruner, Goodnow & Austin, 1956, p. vii)

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 ■ Anderson, J. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and its implications (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman.

 ■ Archilochus (1971). In M. L. West (Ed.), Iambi et elegi graeci (Vol. 1). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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 ■ Barron, F. X. (1963). The needs for order and for disorder as motives in creative activity. In C. W. Taylor & F. X. Barron (Eds.), Scientific creativity: Its rec ognition and development (pp. 153-160). New York: Wiley.

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 ■ Bartley, S. H. (1969). Principles of perception. London: Harper & Row.

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 ■ Bierwisch, J. (1970). Semantics. In J. Lyons (Ed.), New horizons in linguistics. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

 ■ Black, H. C. (1951). Black's law dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.

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