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by+an+early+death

  • 41 ускорявам

    accelerate, hasten, step up, quicken
    (работа) expedite
    (събитие) precipitate
    (срок, събрание) bring forward
    ускорявам крачката/вървежа си quicken/mend o.'s pace
    ускорявам смъртта на някого bring s.o. to an early grave, hasten s.o.'s death, cause the premature death of s.o.
    ускорявам ход (за кола) put on speed
    ускорявам хода си get into o.'s stride
    * * *
    ускоря̀вам,
    гл. accelerate, hasten, step up, quicken; ( изпълнение на план) speed up; ( работа) expedite; ( събитие) precipitate; ( скорост на машина) speed; ( срок, събрание) bring forward; \ускорявам крачката/вървежа си quicken/mend o.’s pace; put on the pace; разг. get cracking; \ускорявам процедура force the pace; \ускорявам смъртта на някого bring s.o. to an early grave, hasten s.o.’s death, cause the premature death of s.o.; \ускорявам ход (за кола) put on speed.
    * * *
    accelerate ; advance {xd`vEns}; expedite (работа); hasten up ; hurry on; hustle ; precipitate: ускорявам your pace! - Ускори крачка!
    * * *
    1. (изпълнение на план) speed up 2. (работа) expedite 3. (скорост на машина) speed 4. (срок, събрание) bring forward 5. (събитие) precipitate 6. accelerate, hasten, step up, quicken 7. УСКОРЯВАМ крачката/вървежа си quicken/mend o.'s pace 8. УСКОРЯВАМ смъртта на някого bring s.o. to an early grave, hasten s.o.'s death, cause the premature death of s.o. 9. УСКОРЯВАМ ход (за кола) put on speed 10. УСКОРЯВАМ хода си get into o.'s stride

    Български-английски речник > ускорявам

  • 42 hora

    f.
    media hora half an hour
    una hora y media an hour and a half
    (pagar) por horas (to pay) by the hour
    horas de luz daylight hours
    horas de oficina/trabajo office/working hours
    horas de vuelo flying time
    horas de visita visiting times
    2 time.
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?
    ¿a qué hora sale? what time does it leave?
    dar la hora to strike the hour
    poner el reloj en hora to set one's watch o clock
    hora oficial official time
    hora de salida departure time
    es hora de irse it's time to go
    a la hora on time
    a su hora when the time comes, at the appropriate time
    a primera hora first thing in the morning
    hora de cenar dinner time
    hora de cierre closing time
    4 appointment (cita).
    pedir/dar hora to ask for/give an appointment
    tener hora en/con to have an appointment at/with
    * * *
    2 (tiempo) time
    ■ ¿qué hora es? what time is it?
    ■ no es hora de... this is no time to...
    3 (cita) appointment
    \
    a altas horas in the small hours
    a buena hora (oportunamente) at the right time 2 (afortunadamente) fortunately
    ¡a buenas horas! and about time too!
    a estas horas (ahora) by now 2 (indicando sorpresa) at this time (of the day)
    ■ ¿qué haces aquí a estas horas? what are you doing here at this time?
    a la hora at the proper time, on time
    a la hora de la verdad at the moment of truth, when it comes to it
    a primera hora first thing in the morning
    a su hora at the proper time, in time
    a última hora at the last moment
    comer entre horas to eat between meals, snack
    dar hora to give an appointment
    dar la hora to strike the hour
    de última hora last-minute
    en mala hora (inoportunamente) at the wrong time 2 (desafortunadamente) unfortunately
    ir con la hora pegada al culo tabú to run around like a blue-arsed fly
    pedir hora to make an appointment
    por horas by the hour
    tener horas de vuelo figurado to be an old hand
    ¡ya era hora! and about time too!
    hora oficial standard time
    hora de cenar dinner time
    hora de comer lunch time, dinner time
    hora peninsular time in mainland Spain
    hora punta rush hour
    horas extras overtime
    horas muertas spare time
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) hour
    2) time
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=periodo de tiempo) hour

    • echar horas — to put the hours in

    • media hora — half an hour

    la media hora del bocadillo — half-hour break at work, ≈ tea break

    • por horas — by the hour

    hora puente — Arg, Uru hour off

    horas de mayor audiencia — (TV) prime time sing

    horas de oficina — business hours, office hours

    horas de vuelo — (Aer) flying time sing; (fig) (=experiencia) experience sing; (fig) (=antigüedad) seniority sing

    horas extra, horas extraordinarias — overtime sing

    horas libres — free time sing, spare time sing

    2) (=momento)
    a) [concreto] time

    ¿qué hora es? — what time is it?, what's the time?

    ¿tienes hora? — have you got the time?

    ¿a qué hora? — (at) what time?

    ¿a qué hora llega? — what time is he arriving?

    ¡la hora!, ¡es la hora! — time's up!

    • llegar a la hora — to arrive on time

    a la hora de pagar... — when it comes to paying...

    • a altas horas (de la madrugada) — in the small hours

    • a una hora avanzada — at a late hour

    • dar la hora — [reloj] to strike (the hour)

    • poner el reloj en hora — to set one's watch

    • no comer entre horas — not to eat between meals

    • a estas horas, a estas horas ya deben de estar en París — they must be in Paris by now

    b) [oportuno]

    • buena hora, es buena hora para empezar — it's a good time to start

    • es hora de hacer algo — it is time to do sth

    es hora de irnos — it's time we went, it's time for us to go

    estas no son horas de llegar a casa — this is no time to get home, what sort of a time is this to get home?

    • le ha llegado la hora — her time has come

    • mala hora, es mala hora — it's a bad time

    • en la hora de su muerte — at the moment of his death

    • a primera hora — first thing in the morning

    • a última hora — at the last moment, at the last minute

    última hora — [noticias] stop press

    • la hora de la verdad — the moment of truth

    • ¡ya era hora! — and about time too!

    ya es o va siendo hora de que te vayas — it is high time (that) you went, it is about time (that) you went

    ¡a buenas horas llegas! — this is a fine time for you to arrive!

    hora de comer — [gen] mealtime; [a mediodía] lunchtime

    hora de entrada, la hora de entrada a la oficina — the time when we start work at the office

    hora de recreo — playtime, recess (EEUU)

    hora de salida — [de tren, avión, bus] time of departure; [de carrera] starting time; [de escuela, trabajo] finishing time

    hora insular canaria — local time in the Canary Islands

    hora judicial — time when the courts start hearing cases

    hora oficial — official time, standard time

    hora peninsular — local time in mainland Spain

    hora pico — Méx rush hour

    hora punta — [del tráfico] rush hour

    horas punta — [de electricidad, teléfono] peak hours

    hora suprema — one's last hour, hour of death

    3) (Educ) period

    horas de clase — (=horas lectivas) teaching hours; (=horas de colegio) school hours

    doy ocho horas de clase — [profesor] I teach for eight hours

    4) (=cita) appointment
    5) (Rel)
    * * *

    media hora — half an hour, a half hour (AmE)

    100 kilómetros por hora — 100 kilometers per/an hour

    8.000 pesetas la hora or por hora — 8,000 pesetas an hour

    2)
    a) ( momento puntual) time

    ¿tiene hora, por favor? — have you got the time, please?

    ¿me da la hora? — can you tell me the time?

    ¿qué hora es? — what's the time?, what time is it?

    la decisión se conocerá a las 20 horas — (period) they will give their verdict at 8pm

    el ataque se inició a las 20 horas — (frml) the attack commenced at 20.00 hours (léase: twenty hundred hours) (frml)

    desde las cero horas — (period) from midnight

    ésa no da ni la hora! — I'll/you'll/he'll get nothing out of her, she's as mean as they come (colloq)

    desde que es jefa, no nos da ni la hora — now that she's been made boss, she won't even give us the time of day

    ya es hora de irnos — it's time for us to go, it's time we were going

    a altas horas de la madrugada — in the early o small hours of the morning

    una noticia de última hora — a late o last-minute news item

    a buena hora or a buenas horas: ¿y me lo dices ahora? a buenas horas! now you tell me!, it's a bit late to tell me now!; a buenas horas llegas this is a fine time to arrive!; a la hora de: a la hora traducirlo when it comes to translating it; a la hora de la verdad when it comes down to it; en buena hora: en buena hora compramos esta casa we bought this house at just the right time; en mala hora: en mala hora se nos ocurrió invitarla it was a really bad move inviting her; entre horas between meals; hacer hora (Chi) to kill time; llegarle a alguien su (última) hora: le llegó su (última) hora his time had come; no ver la hora de: no veo la hora de que lleguen — I'm really looking forward to them coming, I can't wait for them to come

    3) ( cita) appointment
    * * *
    = hour.
    Ex. Most host are not available twenty-four hours a day, seven days of the week.
    ----
    * 24 horas al día = around the clock.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * acercarse la hora de = come up for.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * aguja de las horas = hour hand.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    * cada hora = hourly.
    * cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.
    * compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.
    * cuando llegó la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio.
    * cuando llegue la hora = when the time comes.
    * decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.
    * dejarlo para última hora = leave + it until the last minute.
    * depósito de préstamos después de las horas de apertura = after-hours book drop.
    * de última hora = last minute [last-minute], up-to-the-minute, late breaking [late-breaking], hot off the griddle.
    * durante las horas de más calor = during the heat of the day.
    * durante las horas puntas = at peak periods.
    * durante muchas horas = for many long hours.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * en las horas clave = at busy times.
    * en las horas punta = at busy times.
    * fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.
    * hacer horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.
    * hacer horas extras = work + overtime.
    * hasta última hora = until the last minute.
    * hora de acostarse = bedtime.
    * hora de apertura = opening time.
    * hora de cierre = closing hour, closing time.
    * hora de clase = class period.
    * hora de comer = mealtime [meal time].
    * hora de comienzo = starting time, start time.
    * hora de conexión = connect hour.
    * hora de encerrarse = curfew.
    * hora de entrada = check-in time.
    * hora de Greenwich = GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
    * hora de inicio = trigger time, start time.
    * hora de la cerveza, la = beer time.
    * hora de la comida = mealtime [meal time].
    * hora del almuerzo = lunchtime, lunch hour.
    * hora de la verdad = moment of truth.
    * hora de la verdad, la = showdown.
    * hora del cuento = story hour [storyhour], storytelling [story-telling], storytime [story time].
    * hora de llegada = arrival time.
    * hora del té = teatime.
    * hora de mayor demanda = peak time.
    * hora de reloj = clock hour.
    * hora de salida = departure time, check-out time.
    * hora de trabajo = man-hour.
    * hora de vencimiento = time due.
    * hora de volver a casa = curfew.
    * hora feliz = happy hour.
    * hora fija = set time.
    * hora hombre = man-hour.
    * hora intempestiva = unearthly time, unearthly hour.
    * hora punta = peak period, rush hour, peak hour.
    * horas activas = waking day, waking hours.
    * horas al volante = driver's hours.
    * horas de apertura = business hours.
    * horas de clase = class time, school hours.
    * horas de consulta = surgery.
    * horas de funcionamiento = operating hours.
    * horas de menos aglomeración = off-peak times.
    * horas de oficina = office hours, business hours.
    * horas de poca actividad = slack hours.
    * horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.
    * horas después de la escuela = after-school hours, after-school time.
    * horas en las que Uno está despierto = waking time.
    * hora señalada = set time.
    * horas extraordinarias = overtime.
    * horas extras = overtime.
    * horas fuera de lo normal = unsocial hours.
    * horas intespestivas = unsocial hours.
    * horas libres = released time.
    * horas no punta = off-peak times.
    * horas posteriores al mediodía = afternoon times.
    * Hora + y media = half past + Hora.
    * información de última hora = news flash.
    * las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.
    * las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.
    * liberar horas = time off.
    * llegada la hora de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * llegar la hora de = time + come.
    * manecilla de las horas = hour hand.
    * media hora = half-hour.
    * mph [millas por hora] = mph [miles per hour].
    * muchas horas = long hours.
    * no se ganó Zamora en una hora = Rome wasn't built in a day.
    * noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).
    * noticias de última hora = breaking news.
    * pagar por horas extra = pay + overtime.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * por hora = hourly.
    * por horas = on an hourly basis.
    * precipitación de última hora = last-minute rush.
    * préstamo por horas = hourly loan.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * prisa de última hora = last-minute rush.
    * reservar hora = book + time.
    * ser hora de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser hora de definirse = time to climb off the fence.
    * ser hora de irse = be time to go.
    * ser hora de marcharse = be time to go.
    * ser hora ya de que = be about time (that), be high time (that/to/for).
    * servicio las 24 horas = 24 hour(s) service.
    * ser ya hora de que = it + be + well past the time for, be high time (that/to/for).
    * trabajador por horas = time hand [time-hand].
    * trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar a horas intespestivas = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.
    * trabajar horas extras = work + overtime.
    * trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * un + Nombre + a altas horas de la noche = a late night + Nombre.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la mañana = an early morning + Nombre.
    * un + Nombre + a última hora de la mañana = a late morning + Nombre.
    * un servicio las 24 horas = a 24-hour service.
    * veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.
    * ya era hora = not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * ya es hora (de que) = it's about time (that).
    * ya ir siendo hora de que = be high time (that/to/for), be about time (that).
    * ya ser hora de que = be high time (that/to/for).
    * * *

    media hora — half an hour, a half hour (AmE)

    100 kilómetros por hora — 100 kilometers per/an hour

    8.000 pesetas la hora or por hora — 8,000 pesetas an hour

    2)
    a) ( momento puntual) time

    ¿tiene hora, por favor? — have you got the time, please?

    ¿me da la hora? — can you tell me the time?

    ¿qué hora es? — what's the time?, what time is it?

    la decisión se conocerá a las 20 horas — (period) they will give their verdict at 8pm

    el ataque se inició a las 20 horas — (frml) the attack commenced at 20.00 hours (léase: twenty hundred hours) (frml)

    desde las cero horas — (period) from midnight

    ésa no da ni la hora! — I'll/you'll/he'll get nothing out of her, she's as mean as they come (colloq)

    desde que es jefa, no nos da ni la hora — now that she's been made boss, she won't even give us the time of day

    ya es hora de irnos — it's time for us to go, it's time we were going

    a altas horas de la madrugada — in the early o small hours of the morning

    una noticia de última hora — a late o last-minute news item

    a buena hora or a buenas horas: ¿y me lo dices ahora? a buenas horas! now you tell me!, it's a bit late to tell me now!; a buenas horas llegas this is a fine time to arrive!; a la hora de: a la hora traducirlo when it comes to translating it; a la hora de la verdad when it comes down to it; en buena hora: en buena hora compramos esta casa we bought this house at just the right time; en mala hora: en mala hora se nos ocurrió invitarla it was a really bad move inviting her; entre horas between meals; hacer hora (Chi) to kill time; llegarle a alguien su (última) hora: le llegó su (última) hora his time had come; no ver la hora de: no veo la hora de que lleguen — I'm really looking forward to them coming, I can't wait for them to come

    3) ( cita) appointment
    * * *
    = hour.

    Ex: Most host are not available twenty-four hours a day, seven days of the week.

    * 24 horas al día = around the clock.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * acercarse la hora de = come up for.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * aguja de las horas = hour hand.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    * cada hora = hourly.
    * cambio de hora estacional = daylight saving time.
    * compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.
    * cuando llegó la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio.
    * cuando llegue la hora = when the time comes.
    * decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.
    * dejarlo para última hora = leave + it until the last minute.
    * depósito de préstamos después de las horas de apertura = after-hours book drop.
    * de última hora = last minute [last-minute], up-to-the-minute, late breaking [late-breaking], hot off the griddle.
    * durante las horas de más calor = during the heat of the day.
    * durante las horas puntas = at peak periods.
    * durante muchas horas = for many long hours.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * en las horas clave = at busy times.
    * en las horas punta = at busy times.
    * fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.
    * hacer horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.
    * hacer horas extras = work + overtime.
    * hasta última hora = until the last minute.
    * hora de acostarse = bedtime.
    * hora de apertura = opening time.
    * hora de cierre = closing hour, closing time.
    * hora de clase = class period.
    * hora de comer = mealtime [meal time].
    * hora de comienzo = starting time, start time.
    * hora de conexión = connect hour.
    * hora de encerrarse = curfew.
    * hora de entrada = check-in time.
    * hora de Greenwich = GMT (Greenwich Mean Time).
    * hora de inicio = trigger time, start time.
    * hora de la cerveza, la = beer time.
    * hora de la comida = mealtime [meal time].
    * hora del almuerzo = lunchtime, lunch hour.
    * hora de la verdad = moment of truth.
    * hora de la verdad, la = showdown.
    * hora del cuento = story hour [storyhour], storytelling [story-telling], storytime [story time].
    * hora de llegada = arrival time.
    * hora del té = teatime.
    * hora de mayor demanda = peak time.
    * hora de reloj = clock hour.
    * hora de salida = departure time, check-out time.
    * hora de trabajo = man-hour.
    * hora de vencimiento = time due.
    * hora de volver a casa = curfew.
    * hora feliz = happy hour.
    * hora fija = set time.
    * hora hombre = man-hour.
    * hora intempestiva = unearthly time, unearthly hour.
    * hora punta = peak period, rush hour, peak hour.
    * horas activas = waking day, waking hours.
    * horas al volante = driver's hours.
    * horas de apertura = business hours.
    * horas de clase = class time, school hours.
    * horas de consulta = surgery.
    * horas de funcionamiento = operating hours.
    * horas de menos aglomeración = off-peak times.
    * horas de oficina = office hours, business hours.
    * horas de poca actividad = slack hours.
    * horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.
    * horas después de la escuela = after-school hours, after-school time.
    * horas en las que Uno está despierto = waking time.
    * hora señalada = set time.
    * horas extraordinarias = overtime.
    * horas extras = overtime.
    * horas fuera de lo normal = unsocial hours.
    * horas intespestivas = unsocial hours.
    * horas libres = released time.
    * horas no punta = off-peak times.
    * horas posteriores al mediodía = afternoon times.
    * Hora + y media = half past + Hora.
    * información de última hora = news flash.
    * las 24 horas = round the clock, around the clock.
    * las veinticuatro horas = day and night, day or night, night and day.
    * liberar horas = time off.
    * llegada la hora de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * llegar la hora de = time + come.
    * manecilla de las horas = hour hand.
    * media hora = half-hour.
    * mph [millas por hora] = mph [miles per hour].
    * muchas horas = long hours.
    * no se ganó Zamora en una hora = Rome wasn't built in a day.
    * noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).
    * noticias de última hora = breaking news.
    * pagar por horas extra = pay + overtime.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * por hora = hourly.
    * por horas = on an hourly basis.
    * precipitación de última hora = last-minute rush.
    * préstamo por horas = hourly loan.
    * primeras horas de la madrugada = late night.
    * prisa de última hora = last-minute rush.
    * reservar hora = book + time.
    * ser hora de = it + be + time to/for.
    * ser hora de definirse = time to climb off the fence.
    * ser hora de irse = be time to go.
    * ser hora de marcharse = be time to go.
    * ser hora ya de que = be about time (that), be high time (that/to/for).
    * servicio las 24 horas = 24 hour(s) service.
    * ser ya hora de que = it + be + well past the time for, be high time (that/to/for).
    * trabajador por horas = time hand [time-hand].
    * trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar a horas intespestivas = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.
    * trabajar horas extras = work + overtime.
    * trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * un + Nombre + a altas horas de la noche = a late night + Nombre.
    * un + Nombre + a primera hora de la mañana = an early morning + Nombre.
    * un + Nombre + a última hora de la mañana = a late morning + Nombre.
    * un servicio las 24 horas = a 24-hour service.
    * veinticuatro horas al día, siete días a la semana, 365 días al año = 24/7, 24/7/365.
    * ya era hora = not a moment too soon, not a minute too soon.
    * ya es hora (de que) = it's about time (that).
    * ya ir siendo hora de que = be high time (that/to/for), be about time (that).
    * ya ser hora de que = be high time (that/to/for).

    * * *
    hace una hora escasa/larga que se fue he left just under/over an hour ago, he left barely an hour ago/a good hour ago
    el examen dura (una) hora y media the exam is an hour and a half long
    media hora half an hour
    en un cuarto de hora in a quarter of an hour
    nos pasamos horas y horas hablando we talked for hours and hours o for hours on end
    llevo horas esperándote I've been waiting hours (for you)
    semana laboral de 40 horas 40-hour working week
    circulaba a (una velocidad de) 100 kilómetros por hora it was traveling at 100 kilometers per hour o an hour
    trabajar/cobrar por horas to work/be paid by the hour
    cobra 50 euros la horaor por hora she charges 50 euros an hour
    [ S ] horas de atención al público de ocho a una open to the public from eight to one
    se pasa horas enteras leyendo she reads for hours on end
    no le gusta trabajar fuera de horas he doesn't like working outside normal work ( o office etc) hours
    pasarse las horas muertas to while away one's time
    tener las horas contadas to be living on borrowed time
    Compuestos:
    departure time
    happy hour
    free period
    ( Chi) rush hour
    ( AmL) rush hour
    ● hora puente or sandwich
    ( RPl) free period
    ( Esp) rush hour
    weak moment
    off-peak time
    fpl doctor's office hours ( AmE), surgery hours ( BrE)
    fpl office hours (pl)
    fpl working hours (pl)
    fpl visiting hours o times (pl)
    fpl flying time
    ● horas extra(s) or extraordinarias
    fpl overtime
    trabajé dos horas extra(s) or extraordinarias I worked o did two hours overtime
    fpl free o spare time
    B
    ¿tiene hora, por favor? have you got the time, please?
    ¿me da la hora? can you tell me the time?
    ¿qué hora es? what's the time?, what time is it?
    pon el reloj en hora put the clock right, set the clock (to the right time)
    las ocho es una buena hora eight o'clock is a good time
    ¿a qué hora te viene bien salir? what time would it suit you to leave?
    ¿nos podemos ir? — todavía no es la hora can we go? — it's not time yet
    las clases siempre empiezan a la hora en punto the classes always start exactly o ( colloq) bang on time
    los trenes nunca llegan a la or a su horaor ( RPl) en hora the trains never arrive on time
    el avión llegó antes de su hora the plane arrived ahead of schedule o earlier than scheduled o early
    la decisión se conocerá a las 20 horas de hoy ( period); they will give their verdict at 8pm today
    el ataque se inició a las 20 horas ( frml); the attack commenced at 20:00 hours (léase: twenty hundred hours) ( frml)
    se ha convocado una huelga desde las cero horas ( period); a strike has been called from midnight
    dar la hora ( Chi fam) (en el vestir, comportamiento) to look ( o be etc) out of place; (al hablar) to say things that are out of place, say things that have nothing to do with the conversation
    no dar ni la hora ( fam): ¡ésa no da ni la hora! I'll/you'll/he'll get nothing out of her, she's as mean as they come ( colloq)
    que se olvide de ese muchacho, si no le da ni la hora she should forget about him, he's not the least bit interested in her o he doesn't even look at her
    desde que la nombraron jefa, no nos da ni la hora now that she's been made boss, she doesn't even give us the time of day
    ya es hora de irse a la cama it's bedtime o time for bed
    llámame a la hora de almorzar call me at lunchtime
    ya es hora de irnos it's time for us to go, it's time we were going
    hay que estar pendiente de él a todas horas you have to keep an eye on him the whole time
    el niño tiene que comer a su(s) hora(s) the baby has to have its meals at regular times
    ¡ya era hora de que llamases! it was about time you called
    ya va siendo hora de que empieces a trabajar it's about time you got a job
    es hora de que vayas pensando en tu futuro it's high time you started thinking about your future
    a altas horas de la madrugada in the early o small hours of the morning
    te llamaré a primera hora de la mañana I'll call you first thing in the morning
    a última hora decidimos no ir at the last moment we decided not to go
    una notica de última hora a late o last-minute news item
    última hora: terremoto en Santiago stop press: earthquake in Santiago
    a estas horas deben estar llegando a Roma they must be arriving in Rome about now
    normalmente a estas horas ya hemos cenado we've usually finished dinner by this time
    éstas no son horas de llamar this is no time to call people up
    ¿qué horas son éstas de llegar? what time do you call this, then?, what sort of time is this to come home?
    ¿qué haces levantado a estas horas? what are you doing up at this time?
    no puedo tomar café a estas horas porque me desvela I can't drink coffee so late in the day because it keeps me awake
    maldita sea la hora en que se le ocurrió volver I curse the day he decided to come back
    a buena horaor a buenas horas: ¿llamó ayer y me lo dices ahora? ¡a buenas horas! she phoned yesterday? now you tell me! o it's a bit late to tell me now!
    a buenas horas llegas this is a fine time to arrive!
    a la hora de: no están de acuerdo con él, pero a la hora de hablar nadie dice nada they don't agree with him, but when it comes to it, nobody dares say anything
    seguro que se encuentran con problemas a la hora de traducir esto you can be sure they'll have problems when it comes to translating this
    a la hora de la verdad when it comes down to it
    a la hora de la verdad nunca hacen nada when it comes down to it o when it comes to the crunch, they never do anything
    en buena hora: en buena hora decidimos comprar esta casa we decided to buy this house at just the right time
    en mala hora: en mala hora se nos ocurrió meternos en este lío it was a really bad move getting ourselves involved in this mess
    entre horas between meals
    no deberías comer entre horas you shouldn't eat between meals
    hacer hora ( Chi); to kill time
    llegarle a algn su (última) hora: sabía que le había llegado su (última) hora he knew his time had come
    no ver or ( Chi) hallar la hora de: no veo la hora de que lleguen las vacaciones I'm really looking forward to the start of the vacation
    no veía la hora de que se fuera she couldn't wait for him to go
    no veo la hora de salir de aquí I can't wait to get out of here
    Compuestos:
    astronomical o solar time
    zero hour
    (de un periódico) news deadline; (de una emisión) closedown
    time of arrival
    ● hora de Europa Central/Oriental
    Central/Eastern European time
    ● hora H
    zero hour
    ( fam):
    quedamos a las siete, pero a las siete hora inglesa, ¿eh? so, seven o'clock it is, but seven on the dot o seven o'clock sharp, OK?
    local time
    standard time
    astronomical o solar time
    C (cita) appointment
    el médico me ha dado hora para mañana the doctor's given me an appointment for tomorrow, I've got an appointment with the doctor tomorrow
    ¿hay que pedir hora para ver al especialista? do I have to make an appointment to see the specialist?
    tengo hora con el dentista a las cuatro I have a dental appointment at four
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    h.    
    hora
    h. (
    ◊ hora) hr

    hora sustantivo femenino
    1 ( período de tiempo) hour;

    las horas de mayor afluencia the busiest time;
    cobrar por horas to be paid by the hour;
    45 euros por hora 45 euros an hour;
    hora libre free period;
    hora pico (AmL) or (Esp) punta rush hour;
    horas extra(s) or extraordinaria(s) overtime
    2

    ◊ ¿tiene hora, por favor? have you got the time, please?;

    ¿qué hora es? what's the time?, what time is it?;
    pon el reloj en hora put the clock right;
    todavía no es la hora it's not time yet;
    nunca llegan a la hora they never arrive on time;
    el avión llegó antes de (su) hora the plane arrived early

    ◊ es hora de irse a la cama it's bedtime o time for bed;

    a la hora de almorzar at lunchtime;
    ya es hora de irnos it's time for us to go;
    ¡ya era hora de que llamases! it's about time you called;
    a primera hora de la mañana first thing in the morning;
    a última hora at the last moment;
    a la hora de: a la hora de traducirlo when it comes to translating it;
    a la hora de la verdad when it comes down to it;
    entre horas between meals;
    hacer hora (Chi) to kill time
    3 ( cita) appointment;

    hora sustantivo femenino
    1 (60 minutos) hour: te veo dentro de media hora, I'll see you in half an hour
    volvimos a altas horas de la madrugada, we came back in the small hours
    me pagan por horas, they pay me by the hour
    horas extras, overtime
    2 (momento) time: ¿qué hora es?, what's the time?
    es hora de irse a la cama, it's bedtime
    3 (cita) appointment: pedir hora con el dentista, to ask for an appointment with the dentist
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar a buenas horas (mangas verdes), too late, a bit late: ¡a buenas horas me traes la caja de grapas!, isn't it a bit late to bring me the box of staples?
    a la hora de la verdad, when it comes down to the nitty gritty
    tener muchas horas de vuelo, to have been around: ¡ a ése no le engañas, tiene muchas horas de vuelo!, you won't fool him, he's been around!
    ' hora' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - adelantar
    - alargarse
    - amanecer
    - apenas
    - atusarse
    - bendita
    - bendito
    - cerca
    - cola
    - concretar
    - condicionamiento
    - cosa
    - cuarta
    - cuarto
    - dar
    - decisión
    - dedicar
    - esperar
    - fijar
    - indecente
    - informal
    - llegar
    - marcar
    - media
    - medio
    - metralla
    - pasar
    - por
    - punta
    - retrasar
    - retrasarse
    - sacar
    - sala
    - señorita
    - tarde
    - última
    - último
    - una
    - uno
    - usted
    - ustedes
    - ver
    - Y
    - ya
    - a
    - abrir
    - acercar
    - atraso
    - bueno
    English:
    A
    - about
    - appoint
    - appointment
    - arrange
    - at
    - bang
    - barbecue
    - be
    - bedtime
    - before
    - black out
    - board
    - celebration
    - character
    - check-in
    - checkout
    - chicken out
    - chip
    - clock off
    - clock out
    - closing time
    - concurrent
    - convenient
    - creep
    - crunch
    - definite
    - do
    - dress
    - early
    - exact
    - feed
    - feeding
    - fix
    - flabby
    - GMT
    - good
    - Greenwich Mean Time
    - half
    - half-an-hour
    - half-hourly
    - hesitant
    - high
    - hour
    - hourly
    - hr
    - initiative
    - instrumental
    - interrogate
    - interval
    * * *
    hora nf
    1. [del día] hour;
    una hora y media an hour and a half;
    se marchó hace una hora y media she left an hour and a half ago;
    media hora half an hour;
    a primera hora first thing in the morning;
    a altas horas de la noche in the small hours;
    (pagar) por horas (to pay) by the hour;
    cobra 80 euros por hora she charges 80 euros an hour;
    el tren circulaba a 100 kilómetros por hora the train was travelling at 100 kilometres an hour;
    comer entre horas to eat between meals;
    se pasa las horas jugando he spends his time playing;
    el enfermo tiene las horas contadas the patient hasn't got long to live;
    se rumorea que el ministro tiene las horas contadas it is rumoured that the minister's days are numbered;
    a última hora [al final del día] at the end of the day;
    [en el último momento] at the last moment;
    hasta última hora no nos dimos cuenta del error we didn't notice the mistake until the last moment;
    órdenes/preparativos de última hora last-minute orders/preparations;
    y nos llega una noticia de última hora [en telediario] and here's some news just in;
    última hora: atentado en Madrid [titular] Br stop press o US late breaking news: terrorist attack in Madrid
    horas extra(s), horas extraordinarias [trabajo] overtime; [paga] overtime pay;
    hacer horas extra(s) to do o work overtime;
    cobrar horas extras to earn o get paid overtime;
    horas libres free time;
    tengo una hora libre entre latín y griego I've got an hour free between my Latin and Greek;
    horas de oficina office hours;
    RP hora puente = free period between classes;
    hora de salida departure time;
    RP hora sándwich = free period between classes;
    horas de trabajo working hours;
    horas de visita visiting hours;
    horas de vuelo flying hours;
    Fig
    tiene muchas horas de vuelo he's an old hand
    2. [momento determinado] time;
    ¿qué hora es?, Am [m5]¿qué horas son? what time is it?;
    ¿tiene hora, por favor? have you got the time, please?;
    ¿a qué hora sale? what time o when does it leave?;
    el desfile comenzará a las 14 horas the procession will begin at 14.00 hours o at 2 p.m.;
    a esa hora no me va bien that's not a good time for me;
    es hora de irse it's time to go;
    es hora de cenar it's time for dinner;
    ha llegado la hora de marcharnos the time has come for us to leave;
    el equipo pasa por horas bajas the team's going through a bad spell o Br patch;
    a estas horas deben estar aterrizando en Managua they should be landing in Managua around now;
    estaré ahí a la hora I'll be there on time, I'll be punctual;
    hay que tener cuidado a la hora de aplicar la pintura care should be taken when applying the paint;
    a la hora de cenar at dinnertime;
    a la hora de ir de vacaciones, prefiero la playa when it comes to holidays, I prefer the seaside;
    a su hora when the time comes, at the appropriate time;
    el vuelo no llegó a su o RP [m5] en hora the flight didn't arrive on time;
    a todas horas [constantemente] all the time;
    el tren llegó antes de hora the train arrived early;
    cada hora hourly;
    dar la hora [reloj] to strike the hour;
    me dio la hora she told me the time;
    poner el reloj en hora to set one's watch o clock;
    ¡ya era hora! and about time too!;
    ya es o [m5] ya iba siendo hora de que te fueses a casa it's about time you went home;
    Fam
    ¡a buenas horas! that's a lot of good now!;
    ¡a buenas horas me avisas! now's a fine time to tell me!;
    Fam Hum
    ¡a buenas horas mangas verdes! that's a fat lot of good now!;
    Fam
    no dar ni la hora: ese tío no te dará ni la hora that guy's as stingy o tight as they come;
    Esp, Andes, Carib, RP
    la hora de la verdad, CAm, Méx [m5] la hora de la hora the moment of truth;
    Esp, Andes, Carib, RP
    a la hora de la verdad, CAm, Méx [m5] a la hora de la hora when it comes to the crunch;
    en mala hora le conté el secreto I wish I'd never told him the secret;
    en mala hora salimos de excursión we couldn't have chosen a worse time to go on a trip;
    no veo la hora de hacerlo I can't wait to do it
    la hora del bocadillo [en fábrica] = break for refreshment during morning's work, Br ≈ morning tea break;
    hora cero zero hour;
    la hora de cerrar o de cierre closing time;
    hora de Greenwich Greenwich Mean Time, GMT;
    hora H zero hour;
    hora legal standard time;
    hora local local time;
    hora muerta free hour;
    Educ free period;
    hora oficial official time;
    Esp hora peninsular = local time in mainland Spain as opposed to the Canaries, which are an hour behind; Am hora pico [de mucho tráfico] rush hour; [de agua, electricidad] peak times; Esp hora punta [de mucho tráfico] rush hour; [de agua, electricidad] peak times;
    hora del té teatime;
    hora valle off-peak times
    3. [cita] appointment;
    pedir/dar hora to make/give an appointment;
    tengo hora en la peluquería I've got an appointment at the hairdresser's;
    tengo hora con el dentista I've got a dental appointment
    4. [muerte]
    llegó su hora her time has come
    5. Rel
    horas [libro] book of hours;
    horas canónicas canonical hours
    HORA INGLESA
    In much of Latin America, punctuality is not given the same importance as in the UK or USA. In an ironic recognition of this cultural difference, some people will specify hora inglesa (literally “English time”) when they mean “punctually” or “on the dot”.
    * * *
    f
    1 hour;
    hora y media an hour and a half;
    horas muertas hour after hour
    :
    a todas horas all the time;
    a última hora at the last minute;
    a última hora de la tarde late in the afternoon;
    a altas horas de la madrugada in the (wee) small hours, in the early hours of the morning;
    a primera hora de la tarde first thing in the afternoon;
    ¡ya era hora! about time too!;
    ya es hora de que te pongas a estudiar it’s time you started studying;
    comer entre horas eat between meals;
    tocado su hora his time has come;
    a la hora de … fig when it comes to …
    3 ( cita)
    :
    pedir hora make an appointment;
    tengo hora con el dentista I have an appointment with the dentist
    :
    dar la hora de reloj strike (the hour);
    ¿tiene hora? do you have the time?, have you got the time?;
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?;
    llegó a la hora he arrived on time
    * * *
    hora nf
    1) : hour
    media hora: half an hour
    a la última hora: at the last minute
    a la hora en punto: on the dot
    horas de oficina: office hours
    2) : time
    ¿qué hora es?: what time is it?
    3) cita: appointment
    * * *
    hora n
    1. (60 minutos) hour
    2. (momento) time
    ¿qué hora es? what time is it?
    ¿tienes hora? have you got the time?
    ¿a qué hora te levantas? what time do you get up?
    3. (cita) appointment
    es hora de que... it's time...
    ¡ya era hora! about time too!

    Spanish-English dictionary > hora

  • 43 borde

    adj.
    1 rude, impolite, rough.
    2 stupid.
    f. & m.
    ratbag(informal) (unfriendly). (peninsular Spanish)
    m.
    1 edge.
    (lleno) hasta el borde full to the brim
    al borde del mar by the sea
    estoy al borde de un ataque de nervios I'm going to go off my head in a minute
    estar al borde del abismo (figurative) to be on the brink of ruin o disaster
    2 border, borderline.
    3 rim.
    4 hem.
    5 outskirt.
    6 brim, brim of the cup.
    7 threshold, brink, verge.
    8 rough person, uncouth person.
    9 stupid, stupid person.
    10 margin, acies, labrum, ora.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: bordar.
    * * *
    1 (tonto) stupid
    ■ ¡no seas borde! don't be so stupid!
    2 (antipático) unpleasant; (malhumorado) stroppy
    1 idiot
    ————————
    1 (extremo) edge
    2 (de vaso, copa) rim
    3 (de barco, carretera) side; (de río) bank; (de mar) shore
    \
    estar al borde de to be on the verge of
    * * *
    noun m.
    border, edge, brink
    * * *
    I
    SM
    1) [de asiento, andén, pañuelo] edge; [de plato] rim, lip; [de vaso, sombrero] brim; [de carretera, camino] side; [de ventana] ledge; [de río] edge, bank

    borde de ataque — (Aer) leading edge

    borde de la acera — kerb, curb (EEUU)

    borde de salida — (Aer) trailing edge

    2)

    • al borde de — [+ precipicio, lago, cráter] at o on the edge of; [+ quiebra, histeria, crisis] on the verge of

    están al borde de los cuarenta años — they're close to forty, they're hitting o pushing forty *

    • al borde del mar — beside the sea

    • al borde de la muerte — at death's door

    II Esp
    1. ADJ
    1) ** (=antipático) nasty

    estuvo toda la mañana en plan borde — he was in a strop ** o in a foul mood * all morning

    2) [planta, árbol] wild
    3) †† [niño] illegitimate
    2.
    SMF **

    ¡eres un borde! — you're a nasty piece of work! *

    * * *
    masculino (de mesa, cama) edge; (de moneda, pieza, plato) edge, rim; (de taza, vaso) rim; (de andén, piscina) edge

    al borde de algo — <de la guerra/locura> on the brink of something; <del caos/ruina> on the verge of something

    * * *
    = edge, rim, fringe, brim, verge.
    Ex. As used in an index each card acts as a surrogate for one document, and the index terms for that document are encoded around the edge of the card.
    Ex. Standing in the early morning on the balcony of her apartment, she was smote as she always was by the grandeur of the sky turning to scarlet as the rim of darkness in the east released the sun for its sluggish trek through the heavens.
    Ex. The university is located 15 miles from the center of town on the southern fringe.
    Ex. The pot was placed in a pit dug in the soil such that brim of the pot is in line with the surface of soil.
    Ex. The verges of these minor roads have had, in some cases, hundreds of years for native flora to become established.
    ----
    * al borde de = on the verge of, on the brink of, at the side of, on the edge of.
    * al borde de la carretera = at the roadside.
    * al borde de la extinción = on the verge of extinction, on the edge of extinction.
    * al borde de la ley = on the edge of the law.
    * al borde del camino = at the roadside.
    * al borde del mar = at the seaside.
    * borde de la carretera = roadside.
    * borde de la carretera ajardinado = parkway strip.
    * borde del camino = roadside, wayside.
    * borde del río = river bank [riverbank].
    * borde superior = top edge.
    * estar al borde de = teeter + on the edge of.
    * ficha de borde perforado = edge notch card.
    * llenar hasta el borde = fill + Nombre + to the brim.
    * lleno hasta el borde = full to the brim.
    * repleto hasta el borde = full to the brim.
    * vivir al borde de la pobreza = live on + the poverty line.
    * * *
    masculino (de mesa, cama) edge; (de moneda, pieza, plato) edge, rim; (de taza, vaso) rim; (de andén, piscina) edge

    al borde de algo — <de la guerra/locura> on the brink of something; <del caos/ruina> on the verge of something

    * * *
    = edge, rim, fringe, brim, verge.

    Ex: As used in an index each card acts as a surrogate for one document, and the index terms for that document are encoded around the edge of the card.

    Ex: Standing in the early morning on the balcony of her apartment, she was smote as she always was by the grandeur of the sky turning to scarlet as the rim of darkness in the east released the sun for its sluggish trek through the heavens.
    Ex: The university is located 15 miles from the center of town on the southern fringe.
    Ex: The pot was placed in a pit dug in the soil such that brim of the pot is in line with the surface of soil.
    Ex: The verges of these minor roads have had, in some cases, hundreds of years for native flora to become established.
    * al borde de = on the verge of, on the brink of, at the side of, on the edge of.
    * al borde de la carretera = at the roadside.
    * al borde de la extinción = on the verge of extinction, on the edge of extinction.
    * al borde de la ley = on the edge of the law.
    * al borde del camino = at the roadside.
    * al borde del mar = at the seaside.
    * borde de la carretera = roadside.
    * borde de la carretera ajardinado = parkway strip.
    * borde del camino = roadside, wayside.
    * borde del río = river bank [riverbank].
    * borde superior = top edge.
    * estar al borde de = teeter + on the edge of.
    * ficha de borde perforado = edge notch card.
    * llenar hasta el borde = fill + Nombre + to the brim.
    * lleno hasta el borde = full to the brim.
    * repleto hasta el borde = full to the brim.
    * vivir al borde de la pobreza = live on + the poverty line.

    * * *
    ( Esp fam)
    1 (grosero) rude, vulgar, crude; (antipático) rude, stroppy ( BrE colloq)
    2 (tonto) stupid
    ( Esp fam)
    1
    (grosero): los camareros son unos bordes the waiters are so rude
    2 (tonto) idiot, jerk ( colloq), prat ( BrE colloq)
    (de una mesa, cama) edge; (de una moneda, pieza, un plato) edge, rim; (de una taza, un vaso) rim
    no te acerques tanto al borde del andén don't go so near the edge of the platform
    llenó el vaso hasta el borde she filled the glass to the brim
    la página tiene ilustraciones en el borde inferior the page has illustrations along the bottom
    nos sentamos al borde de la piscina we sat down at o by the edge of the swimming pool
    paramos al borde de la carretera we stopped at the roadside o at the side of the road
    había un sauce al borde del río there was a willow tree at the edge of the river o on the river bank
    estar al borde de la locura to be on the brink of madness
    al borde de la muerte on the point of death, at death's door
    al borde de las lágrimas on the verge of tears
    Compuesto:
    leading edge
    * * *

     

    Del verbo bordar: ( conjugate bordar)

    bordé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    borde es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    bordar    
    borde
    bordar ( conjugate bordar) verbo transitivo ‹sábana/blusa› to embroider;

    borde sustantivo masculino (de mesa, cama, acantilado) edge;

    (de moneda, taza, vaso) rim;

    al borde de algo ‹de la guerra/locura› on the brink of sth;

    ‹de las lágrimas/del caos/de la ruina› on the verge of sth;

    bordar verbo transitivo
    1 (una interpretación, un trabajo) to do excellently
    2 Cost to embroider
    borde 1 sustantivo masculino (de una mesa, un camino) edge
    (de una taza, etc) rim, brim
    ♦ Locuciones: al borde de, (muy cerca de): tiene una casa al borde del mar, he has got a house at the seaside
    figurado estuvo al borde de la muerte, she was at death's door
    (a punto de) estamos al borde de un ataque de nervios, we are on the brink of a nervous breakdown
    borde 2
    I m,f fam crude, stupid person
    II adj fam stroppy, rude: ¡no seas borde y ven al cine! don't be rude and come along to the movies!

    ' borde' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abismo
    - bordear
    - canto
    - exasperación
    - rasa
    - raso
    - umbral
    - afilado
    - filo
    - flecos
    - mellado
    - salir
    - sobresalir
    English:
    border
    - brim
    - brink
    - edge
    - fill up
    - fringe
    - hang over
    - lip
    - madness
    - perforated
    - rim
    - roadside
    - stroppy
    - surround
    - verge
    - away
    - curb
    - edging
    - from
    - keep
    - perch
    - road
    * * *
    borde1 nm
    [límite] edge; [de carretera] side; [de río] bank; [de vaso, botella] rim; Méx
    borde (de la banqueta) Br kerb, US curb;
    lleno hasta el borde full to the brim;
    al borde del mar by the sea;
    no dejes que se acerquen al borde de la piscina don't let them go near the edge of the swimming pool;
    el delantero fue derribado al borde del área the forward was brought down on the edge of the area;
    estoy al borde de un ataque de nervios I'm going to go out of o Br off my head in a minute;
    el proceso de paz está al borde del colapso the peace process is on the brink of collapse;
    estar al borde del abismo to be on the brink of ruin o disaster
    ♦ adj
    [antipático]
    eres muy borde you're a real Br ratbag o US s.o.b.;
    no seas borde y deja que venga ella también don't be such Br a ratbag o US an s.o.b., and let her come too;
    no te pongas borde que casi no te he tocado there's no need to get in a huff o Br strop, I hardly touched you
    ♦ nmf
    [antipático] Br ratbag, US s.o.b.;
    si encuentro al borde que me ha robado la bicicleta lo mato if I find the rat that stole my bike, I'll kill him
    * * *
    1 adj fam
    persona rude, uncouth
    2 m edge;
    al borde de fig on the verge o
    brink of
    * * *
    borde nm
    1) : border, edge
    2)
    al borde de : on the verge of
    estoy al borde de la locura: I'm about to go crazy
    * * *
    borde1 adj unpleasant
    borde2 n
    1. (en general) edge
    2. (de vaso, taza) rim

    Spanish-English dictionary > borde

  • 44 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 45 muy

    adv.
    1 very.
    muy bueno/cerca very good/near
    es muy hombre he's very manly, he's a real man
    muy de mañana very early in the morning
    ¡muy bien! OK!, all right!; (vale) very good!, well done! (qué bien)
    eso es muy de ella that's just like her
    eso es muy de los americanos that's typically American
    ¡el muy fresco! the cheeky devil!
    ¡la muy tonta! the silly idiot!
    Muy Sr. mío dear Sir
    te cuidarás muy mucho de hacerlo just make absolutely sure you don't do it
    no cabe ahí, es muy grande it won't fit in there, it's too big
    * * *
    1 very
    \
    muy de mañana very early in the morning
    ser muy hombre/mujer familiar to be a real man/woman
    por muy... no matter how..., however...
    * * *
    adv.
    1) very
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=mucho) very

    muy bien/tarde/mucho — very well/late/much

    muy bien, que venga — all right, he can come (along)

    muy pero que muy guapo — really, really handsome

    • muy de, muy de noche — very late at night

    es muy de sentir — frm it is much to be regretted

    • el/la muy, el muy tonto de Pedro — that great idiot Pedro

    ¡el muy bandido! — the rascal!

    • por muy, por muy cansado que estés — however tired you are, no matter how tired you are

    2) (=demasiado) too
    3) [con participio] greatly, highly
    2.
    SF † (=lengua) tongue; (=boca) trap **, mouth
    * * *
    a) very

    muy bien, sigamos adelante — OK o fine, let's go on

    por muy cansado que estés — however o no matter how tired you are

    b) ( demasiado) too

    quedó muy dulce — it's rather o too sweet

    * * *
    = highly, very, eminent + Nombre, deeply, expansively, darn.
    Ex. Even for those items that are designated relevant some may be judged to be highly relevant, whilst others may be regarded as partially relevant or only marginally relevant.
    Ex. I have been very embarrassed at their embarrassment at the kinds of subject headings used.
    Ex. 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.
    Ex. I have found in reading extracts from Scott's diary of his trip to the South Pole that pupils interrupted all the time to ask questions, until the final entries were reached, when everyone went very quiet, moved deeply by Scott's words and unwilling to bruise the emotion they felt.
    Ex. Their survey is expansively scripted and probes for a variety of information from the interviewee = Su encuesta está muy detallada y obtiene una gran variedad de información de los encuestados.
    Ex. However, as someone else said, people are pretty darn sensitive about terrorism, and the days of left-luggage may be over.
    ----
    * acento muy pronunciado = heavy accent.
    * algo muy agradable de oír = music to + Posesivo + ears.
    * algo muy diferente de = a far cry from.
    * algo muy difícil = a tough sell.
    * algo muy distinto de = a far cry from.
    * algo ya muy conocido y usado = old nag.
    * andar (muy) apurado de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) apurado de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) corto de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) corto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) escaso de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) escaso de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) falto de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) falto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * apuntar muy alto = reach for + the stars, shoot for + the stars.
    * a un precio muy razonable = at a very reasonable cost, at a very reasonable cost, at very reasonable cost.
    * avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.
    * como muy tarde = at the latest.
    * con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.
    * con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.
    * con muy pocas excepciones = with a few exceptions.
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con un plazo de tiempo muy corto = at (a) very short notice.
    * curva muy abierta = sweeping curve.
    * curva muy cerrada = hairpin bend, hairpin curve, hairpin turn.
    * curva muy pronunciada = hairpin bend, hairpin curve, hairpin turn.
    * de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.
    * de muy lejos = from afar.
    * de ritmo muy acelerado = hard-driving.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * desde muy lejos = from afar.
    * de un modo muy general = crudely, crudely.
    * encontrar muy difícil = be hard-pushed to.
    * en muy poco tiempo = before long.
    * en un pasado muy lejano = in the dim and distant past.
    * estar muy acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.
    * estar muy agradecido a = be indebted to.
    * estar muy alejado de = be a long way from.
    * estar muy arraigado en = be well embedded in.
    * estar muy bajo = be way down.
    * estar muy cerca de = be one step away from, be steps away from, come + very close to.
    * estar muy convencido de = have + strong feelings about.
    * estar muy emocionado con/por = be excited about.
    * estar muy lejano = be far off.
    * estar muy lejos = be far off.
    * estar muy por delante de = be way out ahead of.
    * estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.
    * estar muy separado = set + far apart.
    * estar muy usado = be well thumbed.
    * evaluar muy positivamente según unos criterios establecido = rate + Nombre + high on + criteria.
    * gente muy trabajadora = hard-working people.
    * haber de muy diversos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * hablar muy bien de = rant and rave.
    * hacer Algo muy bien = do + an excellent job of.
    * hasta hace muy poco = up until recently.
    * ignorancia es muy atrevida, la = ignorance is very daring.
    * ir muy atrasado = be way behind schedule.
    * ir muy por detrás de = be far behind.
    * llegar muy lejos = go + a long way, come + a long way.
    * lo que es muy importante = importantly.
    * muy abreviado = highly-abbreviated.
    * muy activo = afire.
    * muy a diferencia de = in marked contrast to/with.
    * muy + Adjetivo = extremely + Adjetivo, grossly + Adjetivo, rather + Adjetivo, severely + Adjetivo, tightly + Adjetivo, wildly + Adjetivo, extraordinarily + Adjetivo, incredibly + Adjetivo, ludicrously + Adjetivo, seriously + Adjetivo, disappointingly + Adjetivo, not least + Adjetivo, heavily + Adjetivo, much + Adjetivo, mighty + Adjetivo, prohibitively + Adjetivo, sorely + Adjetivo, supremely + Adjetivo, vastly + Adjetivo, vitally + Adjetivo, immensely + Adjetivo, hugely + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo, most + Adjetivo, impressively + Adjetivo, bloody + Adjetivo.
    * muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio = quite + Adjetivo/Adverbio.
    * muy + Adjetivo/Participio = keenly + Adjetivo/Participio.
    * muy admirado = much-admired.
    * muy + Adverbio = ever so + Adverbio.
    * muy agustito = snugly.
    * muy alejado de = a long way removed from.
    * muy al principio = in very early days, at the very outset.
    * muy amado = much-loved.
    * muy a menudo = more often than not, very often, most often than not.
    * muy antiguo = centuries-old.
    * muy anunciado = well-publicised [well-publicized, -USA].
    * muy apartado de = a long way removed from.
    * muy a + Posesivo + pesar = to + Posesivo + chagrin.
    * muy apreciado = highly appreciated, long-revered.
    * muy apreciado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.
    * muy arraigado = deep-rooted, well established, long-established.
    * muy a tiempo = in good time.
    * muy atrás = far behind.
    * muy atrasado = in the backwoods.
    * muy avanzado = well-developed, well-advanced.
    * muy beneficioso = high-payoff.
    * muy bien = nicely.
    * ¡muy bien! = the way to go!.
    * muy bien cuidado = well-kept.
    * muy bien pagado = highly paid.
    * muy bien + podría + Verbo = might + well + Verbo.
    * muy bien + puede + Verbo = may well + Verbo.
    * muy bien remunerado = highly paid.
    * muy bien tramado = carefully crafted.
    * muy bien urdido = carefully crafted.
    * muy caliente = piping hot, baking hot.
    * muy cambiado = much-changed, much-changed.
    * muy caro = high priced [high-priced].
    * muy cerca = close-by.
    * muy claramente = in no uncertain terms.
    * muy completo = populated.
    * muy concurrido = well-used [well used], well attended [well-attended].
    * muy condicionado = well-conditioned.
    * muy condimentado = spicy [spicier -comp., spiciest -sup.].
    * muy conseguido = slick, licked, well-crafted.
    * muy criticado = much-criticised [much-criticized, USA].
    * muy crítico = highly critical.
    * muy custodiado = heavily guarded.
    * muy de cerca = not far behind.
    * muy desarrollado = well-developed.
    * muy despacio = very slowly.
    * muy de tarde en tarde = once in a blue moon.
    * muy diferente de = far different... from, in marked contrast to/with.
    * muy difícil de traducir = defy + translation.
    * muy dispuesto a = all ready to.
    * muy divulgado = well-publicised [well-publicized, -USA].
    * muy documentado = well-informed.
    * muy duro = as hard as nails.
    * muy eficaz = powerful.
    * muy endeudado = heavily indebted.
    * muy escandaloso = highly visible.
    * muy especializado = highly specialised.
    * muy estimado = highly regarded, highly esteemed, highly reputed.
    * muy estrecho = poky [pokier -comp., pokiest -sup.].
    * muy estructurado = highly-structured.
    * muy extendido = commonly-held, widely held.
    * muy famoso = highly acclaimed, widely acclaimed, well-acclaimed.
    * muy frecuentado = heavily used.
    * muy frecuentemente = so often, most often than not.
    * muy frecuente y rápido = rapid-fire.
    * muy gastado = worn-out.
    * muy generalizado = commonly-held, widely held.
    * muy grande = big time.
    * muy iluminado = brightly illuminated.
    * muy importante = critical, very importantly, big time.
    * muy informado = well-informed.
    * muy leído = widely-read.
    * muy lejano = far off.
    * muy lejos = far away, far off.
    * muy lejos de = a long way from, a long way removed from.
    * muy lejos de conseguir = a long way toward.
    * muy lentamente = very slowly.
    * muy lluvioso = rain-soaked.
    * muy logrado = slickly produced.
    * muy mal tiempo = severe weather.
    * muy mayor = over the hill.
    * muy moderno = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * muy motivado = highly-motivated.
    * muy necesario = much needed [much-needed], long overdue.
    * muy nervioso = in a state of agitation, highly-strung.
    * muy nervioso, histérico = high-strung.
    * muy notorio = highly visible.
    * muy parecido a = much like.
    * muy + Participio = badly + Participio.
    * muy + Participio Pasado = widely + Participio Pasado, extensively + Participio Pasado.
    * muy peculiar = highly distinctive.
    * muy pertinente para = central to.
    * muy poblado = heavily populated.
    * muy poco = minimally.
    * muy polémico = highly controversial.
    * muy popular = widely-read, highly popular.
    * muy por delante de = far ahead of.
    * muy por detrás = far behind.
    * muy por el contrario = in marked contrast.
    * muy por encima de = far beyond.
    * muy por encima de todo = over and above all.
    * muy posiblemente = for all you know, for all we know.
    * muy practicado = much practised.
    * muy preciado = much prized, highly prized.
    * muy preciso = much needed [much-needed].
    * muy probablemente = most likely, most probably.
    * muy pronto = before long, pretty soon.
    * muy propio = highly distinctive.
    * muy provechoso = high-payoff.
    * muy pulido = licked, slick.
    * muy querido = much-loved.
    * muy rápidamente = like a house on fire, in short order.
    * muy rara vez = all too seldom, all too seldom, once in a blue moon.
    * muy recomendado = highly recommended.
    * muy reconocido = highly regarded, highly esteemed, highly reputed.
    * muy resistente = heavy-duty.
    * muy respetado = highly regarded, highly esteemed, highly reputed, widely-respected.
    * muy sazonado = spicy [spicier -comp., spiciest -sup.].
    * muy similar a = much like.
    * muy sistemático = highly-structured.
    * muy solicitado = in great demand.
    * muy trabajado = well-crafted.
    * muy trabajador = committed.
    * muy unido = close-knit, tight-knit, closely knit, well-connected, tightly knit.
    * muy usado = shabby [shabbier -comp., shabbiest -sup.], high-use, well-used [well used], well-worn, well-worn, heavily used, much-used.
    * muy útil = highly valuable.
    * muy valioso = highly valuable, highly prized.
    * muy valorado = highly valued, highly appreciated.
    * muy venerado = long-revered.
    * muy venerado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.
    * muy vigilado = heavily guarded.
    * no andar muy equivocado = be in the right realm.
    * no estar muy lejos de = be just one step away from.
    * nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.
    * no muy bien informado = not-too-well-informed.
    * no muy despierto = slow.
    * no muy lejos = within easy travelling distance, not far behind, not far off, not far away, not far, not too far.
    * no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.
    * pasarlo muy mal = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * persona muy trabajadora = hard-working person.
    * poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.
    * por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.
    * por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.
    * por muy extraño que parezca = strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough.
    * por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.
    * posibilidades muy variadas = rich possibilities.
    * puede muy bien ser = could well be.
    * puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.
    * regla muy precisa = finely graduated scale.
    * repasar Algo muy detenidamente = go over + Nombre + with a fine toothcomb.
    * sangre muy diluida = thin blood.
    * sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.
    * ser algo muy claro = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy fácil de conseguir = be there for the taking.
    * ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.
    * ser algo muy obvio = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy raro = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy revelador = be a giveaway.
    * ser muy aconsejable que = be well advised to.
    * ser muy amigo de = be pally with.
    * ser muy antiguo = go back + a long way.
    * ser muy buena señal = bode + well.
    * ser muy conocido por = be well known for.
    * ser muy diferente de = be quite apart from.
    * ser muy difícil, no ser nada fácil = be hard-pushed to.
    * ser muy escaso = be at a premium.
    * ser muy gracioso = be a right laugh.
    * ser muy melindroso = be picky.
    * ser muy necesario = be long overdue.
    * ser muy particular = be picky.
    * ser muy poco probable = be remote.
    * ser muy popular = have + mass appeal.
    * ser muy probable = chances + be.
    * ser muy prometedor = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.
    * ser muy provechoso = pay off + handsomely.
    * ser muy quisquilloso = be picky.
    * ser muy rápido = be quick off + Posesivo + feet.
    * ser muy revelador = speak + volumes, be an eye-opener.
    * ser muy superior a los demás = be way above all the others.
    * ser muy superior a los otros = be way above all the others.
    * ser muy usado = be heavily used.
    * servir muy bien = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * tejido muy delicado = gossamer.
    * tener algo muy vivo en la mente de uno = be strong in + mind.
    * tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).
    * tenerse muy en cuenta por = carry + weight with.
    * tener un día muy largo = have + a long day.
    * tiempo muy malo = severe weather.
    * una probabilidad muy alta = a sporting chance.
    * venir muy bien = fit + the bill.
    * verse muy afectado por = have + a high stake in.
    * vigilar Algo muy de cerca = keep + a watchful eye.
    * * *
    a) very

    muy bien, sigamos adelante — OK o fine, let's go on

    por muy cansado que estés — however o no matter how tired you are

    b) ( demasiado) too

    quedó muy dulce — it's rather o too sweet

    * * *
    = highly, very, eminent + Nombre, deeply, expansively, darn.

    Ex: Even for those items that are designated relevant some may be judged to be highly relevant, whilst others may be regarded as partially relevant or only marginally relevant.

    Ex: I have been very embarrassed at their embarrassment at the kinds of subject headings used.
    Ex: 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.
    Ex: I have found in reading extracts from Scott's diary of his trip to the South Pole that pupils interrupted all the time to ask questions, until the final entries were reached, when everyone went very quiet, moved deeply by Scott's words and unwilling to bruise the emotion they felt.
    Ex: Their survey is expansively scripted and probes for a variety of information from the interviewee = Su encuesta está muy detallada y obtiene una gran variedad de información de los encuestados.
    Ex: However, as someone else said, people are pretty darn sensitive about terrorism, and the days of left-luggage may be over.
    * acento muy pronunciado = heavy accent.
    * algo muy agradable de oír = music to + Posesivo + ears.
    * algo muy diferente de = a far cry from.
    * algo muy difícil = a tough sell.
    * algo muy distinto de = a far cry from.
    * algo ya muy conocido y usado = old nag.
    * andar (muy) apurado de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) apurado de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) corto de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) corto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) escaso de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) escaso de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * andar (muy) falto de dinero = be (hard) pressed for + money.
    * andar (muy) falto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.
    * apuntar muy alto = reach for + the stars, shoot for + the stars.
    * a un precio muy razonable = at a very reasonable cost, at a very reasonable cost, at very reasonable cost.
    * avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.
    * como muy tarde = at the latest.
    * con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.
    * con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.
    * con muy pocas excepciones = with a few exceptions.
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con un plazo de tiempo muy corto = at (a) very short notice.
    * curva muy abierta = sweeping curve.
    * curva muy cerrada = hairpin bend, hairpin curve, hairpin turn.
    * curva muy pronunciada = hairpin bend, hairpin curve, hairpin turn.
    * de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.
    * de muy lejos = from afar.
    * de ritmo muy acelerado = hard-driving.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * desde muy lejos = from afar.
    * de un modo muy general = crudely, crudely.
    * encontrar muy difícil = be hard-pushed to.
    * en muy poco tiempo = before long.
    * en un pasado muy lejano = in the dim and distant past.
    * estar muy acostumbrado a = be all too familiar with.
    * estar muy agradecido a = be indebted to.
    * estar muy alejado de = be a long way from.
    * estar muy arraigado en = be well embedded in.
    * estar muy bajo = be way down.
    * estar muy cerca de = be one step away from, be steps away from, come + very close to.
    * estar muy convencido de = have + strong feelings about.
    * estar muy emocionado con/por = be excited about.
    * estar muy lejano = be far off.
    * estar muy lejos = be far off.
    * estar muy por delante de = be way out ahead of.
    * estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.
    * estar muy separado = set + far apart.
    * estar muy usado = be well thumbed.
    * evaluar muy positivamente según unos criterios establecido = rate + Nombre + high on + criteria.
    * gente muy trabajadora = hard-working people.
    * haber de muy diversos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * hablar muy bien de = rant and rave.
    * hacer Algo muy bien = do + an excellent job of.
    * hasta hace muy poco = up until recently.
    * ignorancia es muy atrevida, la = ignorance is very daring.
    * ir muy atrasado = be way behind schedule.
    * ir muy por detrás de = be far behind.
    * llegar muy lejos = go + a long way, come + a long way.
    * lo que es muy importante = importantly.
    * muy abreviado = highly-abbreviated.
    * muy activo = afire.
    * muy a diferencia de = in marked contrast to/with.
    * muy + Adjetivo = extremely + Adjetivo, grossly + Adjetivo, rather + Adjetivo, severely + Adjetivo, tightly + Adjetivo, wildly + Adjetivo, extraordinarily + Adjetivo, incredibly + Adjetivo, ludicrously + Adjetivo, seriously + Adjetivo, disappointingly + Adjetivo, not least + Adjetivo, heavily + Adjetivo, much + Adjetivo, mighty + Adjetivo, prohibitively + Adjetivo, sorely + Adjetivo, supremely + Adjetivo, vastly + Adjetivo, vitally + Adjetivo, immensely + Adjetivo, hugely + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo, most + Adjetivo, impressively + Adjetivo, bloody + Adjetivo.
    * muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio = quite + Adjetivo/Adverbio.
    * muy + Adjetivo/Participio = keenly + Adjetivo/Participio.
    * muy admirado = much-admired.
    * muy + Adverbio = ever so + Adverbio.
    * muy agustito = snugly.
    * muy alejado de = a long way removed from.
    * muy al principio = in very early days, at the very outset.
    * muy amado = much-loved.
    * muy a menudo = more often than not, very often, most often than not.
    * muy antiguo = centuries-old.
    * muy anunciado = well-publicised [well-publicized, -USA].
    * muy apartado de = a long way removed from.
    * muy a + Posesivo + pesar = to + Posesivo + chagrin.
    * muy apreciado = highly appreciated, long-revered.
    * muy apreciado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.
    * muy arraigado = deep-rooted, well established, long-established.
    * muy a tiempo = in good time.
    * muy atrás = far behind.
    * muy atrasado = in the backwoods.
    * muy avanzado = well-developed, well-advanced.
    * muy beneficioso = high-payoff.
    * muy bien = nicely.
    * ¡muy bien! = the way to go!.
    * muy bien cuidado = well-kept.
    * muy bien pagado = highly paid.
    * muy bien + podría + Verbo = might + well + Verbo.
    * muy bien + puede + Verbo = may well + Verbo.
    * muy bien remunerado = highly paid.
    * muy bien tramado = carefully crafted.
    * muy bien urdido = carefully crafted.
    * muy caliente = piping hot, baking hot.
    * muy cambiado = much-changed, much-changed.
    * muy caro = high priced [high-priced].
    * muy cerca = close-by.
    * muy claramente = in no uncertain terms.
    * muy completo = populated.
    * muy concurrido = well-used [well used], well attended [well-attended].
    * muy condicionado = well-conditioned.
    * muy condimentado = spicy [spicier -comp., spiciest -sup.].
    * muy conseguido = slick, licked, well-crafted.
    * muy criticado = much-criticised [much-criticized, USA].
    * muy crítico = highly critical.
    * muy custodiado = heavily guarded.
    * muy de cerca = not far behind.
    * muy desarrollado = well-developed.
    * muy despacio = very slowly.
    * muy de tarde en tarde = once in a blue moon.
    * muy diferente de = far different... from, in marked contrast to/with.
    * muy difícil de traducir = defy + translation.
    * muy dispuesto a = all ready to.
    * muy divulgado = well-publicised [well-publicized, -USA].
    * muy documentado = well-informed.
    * muy duro = as hard as nails.
    * muy eficaz = powerful.
    * muy endeudado = heavily indebted.
    * muy escandaloso = highly visible.
    * muy especializado = highly specialised.
    * muy estimado = highly regarded, highly esteemed, highly reputed.
    * muy estrecho = poky [pokier -comp., pokiest -sup.].
    * muy estructurado = highly-structured.
    * muy extendido = commonly-held, widely held.
    * muy famoso = highly acclaimed, widely acclaimed, well-acclaimed.
    * muy frecuentado = heavily used.
    * muy frecuentemente = so often, most often than not.
    * muy frecuente y rápido = rapid-fire.
    * muy gastado = worn-out.
    * muy generalizado = commonly-held, widely held.
    * muy grande = big time.
    * muy iluminado = brightly illuminated.
    * muy importante = critical, very importantly, big time.
    * muy informado = well-informed.
    * muy leído = widely-read.
    * muy lejano = far off.
    * muy lejos = far away, far off.
    * muy lejos de = a long way from, a long way removed from.
    * muy lejos de conseguir = a long way toward.
    * muy lentamente = very slowly.
    * muy lluvioso = rain-soaked.
    * muy logrado = slickly produced.
    * muy mal tiempo = severe weather.
    * muy mayor = over the hill.
    * muy moderno = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * muy motivado = highly-motivated.
    * muy necesario = much needed [much-needed], long overdue.
    * muy nervioso = in a state of agitation, highly-strung.
    * muy nervioso, histérico = high-strung.
    * muy notorio = highly visible.
    * muy parecido a = much like.
    * muy + Participio = badly + Participio.
    * muy + Participio Pasado = widely + Participio Pasado, extensively + Participio Pasado.
    * muy peculiar = highly distinctive.
    * muy pertinente para = central to.
    * muy poblado = heavily populated.
    * muy poco = minimally.
    * muy polémico = highly controversial.
    * muy popular = widely-read, highly popular.
    * muy por delante de = far ahead of.
    * muy por detrás = far behind.
    * muy por el contrario = in marked contrast.
    * muy por encima de = far beyond.
    * muy por encima de todo = over and above all.
    * muy posiblemente = for all you know, for all we know.
    * muy practicado = much practised.
    * muy preciado = much prized, highly prized.
    * muy preciso = much needed [much-needed].
    * muy probablemente = most likely, most probably.
    * muy pronto = before long, pretty soon.
    * muy propio = highly distinctive.
    * muy provechoso = high-payoff.
    * muy pulido = licked, slick.
    * muy querido = much-loved.
    * muy rápidamente = like a house on fire, in short order.
    * muy rara vez = all too seldom, all too seldom, once in a blue moon.
    * muy recomendado = highly recommended.
    * muy reconocido = highly regarded, highly esteemed, highly reputed.
    * muy resistente = heavy-duty.
    * muy respetado = highly regarded, highly esteemed, highly reputed, widely-respected.
    * muy sazonado = spicy [spicier -comp., spiciest -sup.].
    * muy similar a = much like.
    * muy sistemático = highly-structured.
    * muy solicitado = in great demand.
    * muy trabajado = well-crafted.
    * muy trabajador = committed.
    * muy unido = close-knit, tight-knit, closely knit, well-connected, tightly knit.
    * muy usado = shabby [shabbier -comp., shabbiest -sup.], high-use, well-used [well used], well-worn, well-worn, heavily used, much-used.
    * muy útil = highly valuable.
    * muy valioso = highly valuable, highly prized.
    * muy valorado = highly valued, highly appreciated.
    * muy venerado = long-revered.
    * muy venerado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.
    * muy vigilado = heavily guarded.
    * no andar muy equivocado = be in the right realm.
    * no estar muy lejos de = be just one step away from.
    * nombre muy conocido = household name, household word.
    * no muy bien informado = not-too-well-informed.
    * no muy despierto = slow.
    * no muy lejos = within easy travelling distance, not far behind, not far off, not far away, not far, not too far.
    * no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.
    * pasarlo muy mal = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * persona muy trabajadora = hard-working person.
    * poner un precio a Algo muy alto = overprice.
    * por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.
    * por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.
    * por muy extraño que parezca = strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough.
    * por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.
    * por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.
    * posibilidades muy variadas = rich possibilities.
    * puede muy bien ser = could well be.
    * puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.
    * regla muy precisa = finely graduated scale.
    * repasar Algo muy detenidamente = go over + Nombre + with a fine toothcomb.
    * sangre muy diluida = thin blood.
    * sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.
    * ser algo muy claro = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy fácil de conseguir = be there for the taking.
    * ser Algo muy importante = loom + large.
    * ser algo muy obvio = be a dead giveaway.
    * ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy raro = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo muy revelador = be a giveaway.
    * ser muy aconsejable que = be well advised to.
    * ser muy amigo de = be pally with.
    * ser muy antiguo = go back + a long way.
    * ser muy buena señal = bode + well.
    * ser muy conocido por = be well known for.
    * ser muy diferente de = be quite apart from.
    * ser muy difícil, no ser nada fácil = be hard-pushed to.
    * ser muy escaso = be at a premium.
    * ser muy gracioso = be a right laugh.
    * ser muy melindroso = be picky.
    * ser muy necesario = be long overdue.
    * ser muy particular = be picky.
    * ser muy poco probable = be remote.
    * ser muy popular = have + mass appeal.
    * ser muy probable = chances + be.
    * ser muy prometedor = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.
    * ser muy provechoso = pay off + handsomely.
    * ser muy quisquilloso = be picky.
    * ser muy rápido = be quick off + Posesivo + feet.
    * ser muy revelador = speak + volumes, be an eye-opener.
    * ser muy superior a los demás = be way above all the others.
    * ser muy superior a los otros = be way above all the others.
    * ser muy usado = be heavily used.
    * servir muy bien = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * tejido muy delicado = gossamer.
    * tener algo muy vivo en la mente de uno = be strong in + mind.
    * tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).
    * tenerse muy en cuenta por = carry + weight with.
    * tener un día muy largo = have + a long day.
    * tiempo muy malo = severe weather.
    * una probabilidad muy alta = a sporting chance.
    * venir muy bien = fit + the bill.
    * verse muy afectado por = have + a high stake in.
    * vigilar Algo muy de cerca = keep + a watchful eye.

    * * *
    1 very
    muy poca gente very few people
    soy muy consciente de mis limitaciones I'm very o acutely aware of my limitations
    es muy trabajador he's a very hard worker, he works very hard
    son muy amigos they're great friends
    está muy bien escrito it's extremely o very well written
    su carne es muy apreciada its meat is highly prized
    muy admirado much admired
    muy respetado highly respected
    muy bien, sigamos adelante OK o fine, let's go on
    muy bien, si eso es lo que tú quieres very well, if that's what you want
    estoy muy, pero muy disgustado I'm very, very upset
    es un gesto muy suyo it's a typical gesture of his
    ella es muy de criticar a los demás she's very fond of criticizing others
    por muy cansado que estés however o no matter how tired you are
    ¿sabes lo que hizo el muy sinvergüenza? do you know what he did, the swine?
    te ha quedado muy dulce it's rather o too sweet
    no me gusta sentarme muy adelante I don't like sitting too near the front/too far forward
    * * *

     

    muy adverbio
    a) very;


    son muy amigos they're great friends;
    muy admirado much admired;
    muy respetado highly respected;
    muy bien, sigamos adelante OK o fine, let's go on;
    por muy cansado que estés however o no matter how tired you are
    b) ( demasiado) too;

    ◊ quedó muy dulce it's rather o too sweet

    muy adverbio
    1 (modificando a un adjetivo o adverbio) very: muy pronto llegará, he will arrive very soon
    muy tierno, very tender
    2 (modificando al sustantivo) es muy española, she's a real Spaniard
    3 (demasiado) está muy caliente, it's too hot
    ' muy' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abertura
    - abisal
    - abominable
    - abrigada
    - abrigado
    - acalorada
    - acalorado
    - acaramelada
    - acaramelado
    - accidentada
    - accidentado
    - acertada
    - acertado
    - achacosa
    - achacoso
    - ácida
    - ácido
    - acto
    - actual
    - aferrada
    - aferrado
    - agitada
    - agitado
    - agradecida
    - agradecido
    - ahora
    - alentador
    - alentadora
    - amena
    - ameno
    - amiga
    - amigo
    - ancha
    - ancho
    - antojadiza
    - antojadizo
    - aparte
    - aperreada
    - aperreado
    - apretada
    - apretado
    - apurada
    - apurado
    - arraigada
    - arraigado
    - auspicio
    - avenida
    - avenido
    - baja
    - bajo
    English:
    abandon
    - abject
    - abominable
    - abrupt
    - abysmal
    - actual
    - afield
    - Afro
    - aggressive
    - agony
    - also
    - ambience
    - appealing
    - appreciative
    - arch
    - archaic
    - argument
    - article
    - articulate
    - aware
    - baby
    - bad
    - badly
    - baking
    - be
    - bear
    - beating
    - become
    - behind
    - big
    - blare
    - boiling
    - bolt
    - bookmobile
    - boom
    - boy
    - brilliant
    - burn
    - burning
    - businesslike
    - bustle
    - candid
    - capable
    - celebrity
    - chance
    - charmer
    - chart
    - chirpy
    - civil
    - clever
    * * *
    muy adv
    1. [en alto grado] very;
    muy bueno/cerca very good/near;
    estoy muy cansado I'm very tired;
    es muy hombre he's very manly, he's a real man;
    muy de mañana very early in the morning;
    ¡muy bien! [vale] OK!, all right!;
    [qué bien] very good!, well done!;
    eso es muy de ella that's just like her;
    eso es muy de los americanos that's typically American;
    ¡el muy fresco! the cheeky devil!;
    ¡la muy tonta! the silly idiot!;
    me gusta muy mucho I really, really like it;
    te cuidarás muy mucho de hacerlo just make absolutely sure you don't do it
    2. [demasiado] too;
    no cabe ahí, es muy grande it won't fit in there, it's too big;
    ahora ya es muy tarde it's too late now
    * * *
    adv
    1 very;
    muy valorado highly valued;
    Muy Señor mío Dear Sir
    2 ( demasiado) too
    * * *
    muy adv
    1) : very, quite
    es muy inteligente: she's very intelligent
    muy bien: very well, fine
    eso es muy americano: that's typically American
    2) : too
    es muy grande para él: it's too big for him
    * * *
    muy adv very
    muy bien (de acuerdo) OK / fine (para felicitar) very good / well done
    por muy... que however...

    Spanish-English dictionary > muy

  • 46 separar

    v.
    1 to separate.
    las hojas se han pegado y no las puedo separar the pages have stuck together and I can't separate them o get them apart
    son muchas las cosas que nos separan there are many differences between us
    María separó las galletas Mary separated the cookies.
    2 to move away.
    separa un poco las sillas move the chairs apart a bit
    3 to put aside.
    4 to split, to draw apart, to pull away, to pull apart.
    El adulterio separa a las parejas Adultery splits couples.
    5 to set apart, to put away.
    6 to abduce.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to separate
    2 (hacer grupos) to separate, sort out
    3 (guardar aparte) to set aside, put aside
    4 (apartar) to move away (de, from)
    5 (de empleo, cargo) to remove (de, from), dismiss (de, from)
    6 figurado (mantener alejado) to keep away (de, from)
    1 (tomar diferente camino) to separate, part company
    2 (matrimonio) to separate
    3 (apartarse) to move away (de, from)
    4 (desprenderse) to separate (de, from), come off (de, -)
    5 (de amigo etc) to part company (de, with)
    6 separarse de (dejar algo) to part with
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=apartar) to separate

    la maestra nos separó para que no habláramos — the teacher split us up o separated us so that we wouldn't talk

    si no los llegan a separar se matan — if no one had pulled them apart o separated them, they would have killed each other

    separar algn/algo de algn/algo — to separate sb/sth from sb/sth

    al nacer los separaron de sus padres — they were taken (away) o separated from their parents at birth

    los separaron del resto de los pasajeros — they were split up o separated from the rest of the passengers

    2) (=distanciar)

    éramos buenos amigos, pero la política nos separó — we were good friends but politics came between us

    3) (=existir entre)

    el abismo que separa a los ricos de los pobres — the gulf between o separating (the) rich and (the) poor

    4) (=deslindar)

    unas barreras de protección separaban el escenario de la plaza — there were crash barriers separating the stage from the rest of the square

    la frontera que separa realidad y ficción — the dividing line between reality and fiction, the line that separates reality from o and fiction

    5) (=dividir) to divide
    6) (=poner aparte)

    ¿me puedes separar un poco de tarta? — can you put aside some cake for me?

    7) (=destituir) [de un cargo] to remove, dismiss

    ser separado del servicio — (Mil) to be discharged

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (apartar, alejar) to separate; < boxeadores> to separate, part
    b) ( dividir un todo) to divide
    2)
    a) ( deslindar) to separate, divide
    b) ( despegar)
    3) (frml) ( destituir) to dismiss (frml)

    fue separado de su cargo/sus funciones — he was removed from office/relieved of his duties (frml)

    2.
    separarse v pron
    a) matrimonio to separate

    se separaron hace un mes — they separated o split up a month ago

    b) (apartarse, alejarse) to split up

    no se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder — please stay together in case the children get lost

    separarse DE algo/alguien: esta niña no se separa del televisor this child is always glued to the television; no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children; no se separen de su equipaje — do not leave your luggage unattended

    c) (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside
    * * *
    = carry off, cut off, detach, put by, segregate, separate, sift, screen out, tell out into, sort out + Nombre + from + Nombre, drive + a wedge between, hive off, disaggregate, sever, prise + Nombre + apart, unbundle, spread out, sift out, cleave, tease apart, balkanize, sunder, decouple, strip off, splay.
    Ex. The 'sweated' rags were pounded to a pulp (or stuff) by water-powered hammers, impurities being carried off through filters by running water.
    Ex. The stages are not cut off from one another, are not sharply defined.
    Ex. The words from the deleted abstract in the abstract word file will be detached when DOBIS/LIBIS is not busy with other work.
    Ex. The raw material of white paper was undyed linen -- or in very early days hempen -- rags, which the paper-maker bought in bulk, sorted and washed, and then put by in a damp heap for four or five days to rot.
    Ex. In summary, the advantages of the electronic catalog is the ability to segregate the fast searches from the slowest.
    Ex. The description of the component part is separated from that of the host document by a double slash.
    Ex. Thus many non-relevant documents have been retrieved and examined in the process of sifting relevant and non-relevant documents.
    Ex. Most journals rely for a substantial part of their income on advertisements; how would advertisers view the prospect of being selectively screened out by readers?.
    Ex. The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.
    Ex. Ward's study is likely to remain a standard reference source for years to come, but trying to sort out the generalities from the particularities is a very difficult business.
    Ex. While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    Ex. Non-fiction is normally shelved according to the Dewey decimal system with perhaps a major category such as autobiography and biography hived off as a completely separate ad hoc classification.
    Ex. Outcomes can be disaggregated along age, class, ethnic, racial, & gender dimensions.
    Ex. This art is is mass produced, often mechanically, and thus severed from tradition.
    Ex. The symbiotic relationship between scholarly discourse and scholarly publication that has existed for 3 centuries is being prised apart by new technology.
    Ex. It is recommended that CD-ROM producers unbundle the retrieval software from the data.
    Ex. For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.
    Ex. Whichever he chooses he will still have to sift out and categorize the numerous errors that disfigure all the early texts of the play.
    Ex. Ethnic and racial differences cleaved the American working class.
    Ex. The author and his colleagues embarked on a series of studies to tease apart hereditary and environmental factors thought to be implicated in schizophrenia.
    Ex. The scholarly system has become balkanized into autonomous, even antagonistic, cultures or camps based on differing technological competencies and interests.
    Ex. Both novels tell essentially the same story, that of a woman sundered from her high estate and her betrothed.
    Ex. The physical library will probably become less viable over time and so it is important to decouple the information professional from the library unit.
    Ex. They gathered a whole sackful, stripped off the husks, and filled the sack again.
    Ex. Walk your feet up the wall, then take the belt and place it on your upper arms right above your elbows to keep your arms from splaying.
    ----
    * Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.
    * que se puede separar = detachable.
    * separar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.
    * separar con una cortina = curtain off.
    * separar de = wean from, isolate from, divide from, wean away from.
    * separar el grano de la paja = divide into + Adjetivo + sheep and + Adjetivo + goats, sort the + Adjetivo + sheep from the + Adjetivo + goats, separate + the wheat from the chaff, sort out + the wheat from the chaff, sift + the wheat from the chaff.
    * separar haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + out, prise + Nombre + out.
    * separar la realidad de la ficción = distinguish + fact from fiction.
    * separar las manos = spread out + hands.
    * separar + Nombre + de + Nombre = discern + Nombre + from + Nombre.
    * separarse = drift apart, part, divorce, go (our/their) separate ways, fork.
    * separarse (de) = become + parted from, move away from, turn away from, secede (from).
    * separarse descendiendo = droop away from.
    * separar una pelea = break up + fight, break up + fight.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (apartar, alejar) to separate; < boxeadores> to separate, part
    b) ( dividir un todo) to divide
    2)
    a) ( deslindar) to separate, divide
    b) ( despegar)
    3) (frml) ( destituir) to dismiss (frml)

    fue separado de su cargo/sus funciones — he was removed from office/relieved of his duties (frml)

    2.
    separarse v pron
    a) matrimonio to separate

    se separaron hace un mes — they separated o split up a month ago

    b) (apartarse, alejarse) to split up

    no se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder — please stay together in case the children get lost

    separarse DE algo/alguien: esta niña no se separa del televisor this child is always glued to the television; no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children; no se separen de su equipaje — do not leave your luggage unattended

    c) (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside
    * * *
    = carry off, cut off, detach, put by, segregate, separate, sift, screen out, tell out into, sort out + Nombre + from + Nombre, drive + a wedge between, hive off, disaggregate, sever, prise + Nombre + apart, unbundle, spread out, sift out, cleave, tease apart, balkanize, sunder, decouple, strip off, splay.

    Ex: The 'sweated' rags were pounded to a pulp (or stuff) by water-powered hammers, impurities being carried off through filters by running water.

    Ex: The stages are not cut off from one another, are not sharply defined.
    Ex: The words from the deleted abstract in the abstract word file will be detached when DOBIS/LIBIS is not busy with other work.
    Ex: The raw material of white paper was undyed linen -- or in very early days hempen -- rags, which the paper-maker bought in bulk, sorted and washed, and then put by in a damp heap for four or five days to rot.
    Ex: In summary, the advantages of the electronic catalog is the ability to segregate the fast searches from the slowest.
    Ex: The description of the component part is separated from that of the host document by a double slash.
    Ex: Thus many non-relevant documents have been retrieved and examined in the process of sifting relevant and non-relevant documents.
    Ex: Most journals rely for a substantial part of their income on advertisements; how would advertisers view the prospect of being selectively screened out by readers?.
    Ex: The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.
    Ex: Ward's study is likely to remain a standard reference source for years to come, but trying to sort out the generalities from the particularities is a very difficult business.
    Ex: While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    Ex: Non-fiction is normally shelved according to the Dewey decimal system with perhaps a major category such as autobiography and biography hived off as a completely separate ad hoc classification.
    Ex: Outcomes can be disaggregated along age, class, ethnic, racial, & gender dimensions.
    Ex: This art is is mass produced, often mechanically, and thus severed from tradition.
    Ex: The symbiotic relationship between scholarly discourse and scholarly publication that has existed for 3 centuries is being prised apart by new technology.
    Ex: It is recommended that CD-ROM producers unbundle the retrieval software from the data.
    Ex: For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.
    Ex: Whichever he chooses he will still have to sift out and categorize the numerous errors that disfigure all the early texts of the play.
    Ex: Ethnic and racial differences cleaved the American working class.
    Ex: The author and his colleagues embarked on a series of studies to tease apart hereditary and environmental factors thought to be implicated in schizophrenia.
    Ex: The scholarly system has become balkanized into autonomous, even antagonistic, cultures or camps based on differing technological competencies and interests.
    Ex: Both novels tell essentially the same story, that of a woman sundered from her high estate and her betrothed.
    Ex: The physical library will probably become less viable over time and so it is important to decouple the information professional from the library unit.
    Ex: They gathered a whole sackful, stripped off the husks, and filled the sack again.
    Ex: Walk your feet up the wall, then take the belt and place it on your upper arms right above your elbows to keep your arms from splaying.
    * Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.
    * que se puede separar = detachable.
    * separar aun más = widen + the gap between... and.
    * separar con una cortina = curtain off.
    * separar de = wean from, isolate from, divide from, wean away from.
    * separar el grano de la paja = divide into + Adjetivo + sheep and + Adjetivo + goats, sort the + Adjetivo + sheep from the + Adjetivo + goats, separate + the wheat from the chaff, sort out + the wheat from the chaff, sift + the wheat from the chaff.
    * separar haciendo palanca = pry + Nombre + out, prise + Nombre + out.
    * separar la realidad de la ficción = distinguish + fact from fiction.
    * separar las manos = spread out + hands.
    * separar + Nombre + de + Nombre = discern + Nombre + from + Nombre.
    * separarse = drift apart, part, divorce, go (our/their) separate ways, fork.
    * separarse (de) = become + parted from, move away from, turn away from, secede (from).
    * separarse descendiendo = droop away from.
    * separar una pelea = break up + fight, break up + fight.

    * * *
    separar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (apartar, alejar) to separate
    dos transeúntes intentaron separarlos two passersby tried to separate o part them
    ha hecho todo lo posible por separarnos he has done everything he can to split us up
    las consonantes dobles no se separan en español in Spanish, double consonants should not be split up
    la maestra las separó porque charlaban mucho the teacher separated them o split them up because they were talking so much
    separa la cama de la pared move the bed away from the wall
    no se aconseja separar a la madre de su ternero it is not advisable to take the calf away from its mother
    separar la yema de la clara separate the white from the yolk
    separar los machos de las hembras to separate the males from the females
    2 (dividir un todo) to divide
    separar las palabras en sílabas divide the words into syllables
    la guerra separó a muchas familias the war divided many families
    3 (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside
    sepárame un trocito para Pablo, que va a venir más tarde can you put o set aside a slice for Pablo, he'll be coming later
    separa la ropa que llevarás puesta put the clothes you're going to wear on one side
    B
    1 (deslindar) to separate, divide
    una valla separa a los hinchas de los dos equipos there is a fence separating the fans of the two teams
    los separan profundas diferencias they are divided by deepseated differences
    separar algo DE algo to separate sth FROM sth
    los Andes separan Argentina de Chile the Andes separate Argentina from Chile
    2
    (despegar): no puedo separar estas dos fotos I can't get these two photographs apart
    separa las lonchas de jamón separate the slices of ham
    no separe la etiqueta antes de rellenarla do not remove o detach the label before filling it in
    C ( frml) (destituir) to dismiss ( frml)
    fue separado de su cargo/sus funciones he was removed from office/relieved of his duties ( frml)
    separar del servicio ( Mil) to discharge
    1 «matrimonio» to separate
    se separaron tras diez años de matrimonio they separated o split up after ten years of marriage
    es hijo de padres separados his parents are separated
    separarse DE algn to separate FROM sb
    se separó de su marido en octubre she separated from her husband in October
    2 (alejarse, apartarse) to split up
    a mitad de camino nos separamos we split up half way
    los socios se separaron en 1996 they dissolved their partnership in 1996 ( frml), the partners split up in 1996
    no se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder please don't split up o divide up o please stay together in case the children get lost
    separarse DE algo/algn:
    esta niña no se separa del televisor this child is always glued to the television
    no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children
    no se separen de su equipaje do not leave your luggage unattended
    * * *

     

    separar ( conjugate separar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) (apartar, alejar) to separate;


    separa la cama de la pared move the bed away from the wall

    c) (guardar, reservar) to put o set aside

    2
    a) ( actuar de división) [valla/línea] to separate;


    b) ( despegar):


    separarse verbo pronominal

    separarse DE algn to separate from sb


    c) (apartarse, alejarse):

    ◊ no se separen, que los pequeños se pueden perder please stay together in case the children get lost;

    no me he separado nunca de mis hijos I've never been away o apart from my children
    separar verbo transitivo
    1 (aumentar la distancia física) to move apart
    2 (poner aparte) to separate: separa las rosas de los claveles, separate the roses from the carnations
    3 (reservar) to save
    4 (algo pegado, grapado) to detach
    5 (distanciar, disgregar) to divide
    ' separar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abrir
    - desgajar
    - desunir
    - paja
    - quitar
    - segregar
    - aislar
    - apartar
    - cortar
    - desmontar
    - desprender
    English:
    detach
    - divide
    - divorce
    - fence off
    - part
    - peel off
    - prise
    - pull apart
    - screen off
    - separate
    - sort out
    - space
    - split up
    - twist off
    - wall off
    - fence
    - pull
    - screen
    - sort
    - splay
    - split
    - wall
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [alejar, dividir, aislar] to separate (de from);
    lo han separado de sus hijos they've taken his children away from him;
    tuvo que venir la policía para separarlos the police had to be called to break them up o separate them;
    el muro que separa los dos campos the wall separating o that separates the two fields;
    separar algo en grupos/partes iguales to divide sth into groups/equal parts;
    son muchas las cosas que nos separan there are many differences between us;
    quiere separar su vida privada de su vida pública she wants to keep her private life separate from her public life
    2. [apartar, dejar espacio entre] to move away (de from);
    separe el cuerpo del volante keep your body away from the steering wheel;
    separa un poco las sillas move the chairs apart a bit;
    separa bien las piernas open your legs wide
    3. [desunir, quitar]
    las hojas se han pegado y no las puedo separar the pages have stuck together and I can't separate them o get them apart;
    separe la carne del caldo remove the meat from the stock;
    no separaba los ojos del reloj she never took her eyes off the clock
    4. [reservar] to put aside
    5. [destituir]
    separar de to remove o dismiss from;
    fue separado del cargo he was removed (from his post), he was dismissed (from his job);
    separaron al coronel del servicio the colonel was removed from active service
    * * *
    v/t separate
    * * *
    1) : to separate, to divide
    2) : to split up, to pull apart
    ♦ separarse vr
    * * *
    1. (en general) to separate
    2. (apartar) to move away

    Spanish-English dictionary > separar

  • 47 muerte

    f.
    fallecer de muerte natural to die of natural causes
    fallecer de muerte violenta to die a violent death
    ha sido herido de muerte he has been fatally wounded
    la odio a muerte I hate her with all my heart, I absolutely loathe her
    un susto de muerte a terrible shock
    de mala muerte (informal) third-rate, lousy
    muerte cerebral brain death
    2 murder (homicidio).
    se le acusa de la muerte de varias mujeres he has been accused of murdering o of the murder of several women
    * * *
    1 death
    2 (asesinato) murder
    3 la muerte death
    \
    a vida o muerte life-and-death
    dar muerte a alguien to kill somebody
    de mala muerte familiar grotty, crummy, rotten
    estar de muerte familiar (comida) to be scrumptious 2 (persona) to be gorgeous
    a muerte to the death
    hasta que la muerte nos separe till death do us part
    odiar a muerte to detest, loathe
    muerte cerebral brain death
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=por enfermedad, accidente) death

    tuvo una buena muerte — he had a good death, he died a good death

    • una lucha a muerte — a fight to the death

    odiar algo/a algn a muerte — to detest sth/sb, loathe sth/sb

    • causar la muerte a algn — to kill sb, cause the death of sb

    • encontrar la muerte — to die, meet one's death

    • herido de muerte — fatally injured

    • pena de muerte — death sentence

    • estar a las puertas de la muerte — to be at death's door

    • un susto de muerte — a terrible fright

    me diste un susto de muerte — you scared me to death, you gave me a terrible fright

    era un hotel de mala muerte — the hotel was a real dump **, the hotel was really grotty **

    muerte clínica, en situación de muerte clínica — clinically dead

    muerte súbita — (Med) sudden death; (Tenis) tie-break; (Golf) sudden death play-off; (Ftbl) sudden death

    vida 1)
    2) (=asesinato) murder

    • dar muerte a algn — to kill sb

    3) (=desaparición) [de imperio, civilización] death, demise frm

    la muerte de las civilizaciones indígenas — the death o demise of native civilizations

    * * *
    a) ( de ser vivo) death

    muerte natural/repentina — natural/sudden death

    odiar a muerte — to loathe, detest

    cada muerte de obispo — (AmL fam) once in a blue moon

    de mala muerte — (fam) < pensión> grotty (colloq), cheesy (AmE colloq)

    un pueblo de mala muerte — a dump (colloq), a really grotty place

    ser de muerte lenta — (Ven fam) to be fantastic (colloq)

    ser la muerte — (fam) ( ser atroz) to be hell o murder (colloq); ( ser estupendo) to be great o fantastic (colloq)

    b) ( homicidio)

    dar muerte a alguien — (frml) to kill somebody

    c) ( fin) death
    * * *
    = death, loss of life, last breath, passing, fatality, die-off.
    Ex. Typically, the additions to the name will fall within the following categories: title of nobility, title of honour, address, date of birth, and date of death.
    Ex. The war involved not only extensive loss of life and destruction of property, but also widespread damage to cultural monuments and objects.
    Ex. When she died in a bus accident in Bolivia while serving in a women's cooperative, her legacy did not stop with her last breath.
    Ex. The Rutgers University Libraries are sad to report on the passing of Thelma Tate.
    Ex. A summary is then presented of the number and percentage of snowmobile fatalities in these three states during winter 2002-03.
    Ex. We all know that there is no guarantee that, even if we do everything we can, the result won't be human die-off and environmental devastation.
    ----
    * afligido por la muerte de un familiar cercano = bereaved.
    * agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * apedrear hasta la muerte = stone to + death.
    * coger un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).
    * condenado a muerte = death row.
    * condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death.
    * condenar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * con peligro de muerte = life threatening.
    * corredor de la muerte = death row.
    * cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.
    * dar un susto de muerte = frighten + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, scare + the hell out of.
    * dar un susto de muerto = scare + the living daylights out of.
    * derecho a la muerte = right to die.
    * de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.
    * encuentro con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.
    * enemistad a muerte = blood feud.
    * enfrentarse a la muerte = face + death.
    * enzarzarse en una lucha a muerte = get into + a fight to the death.
    * escuadrón de la muerte = death squadron, death squad.
    * experiencia cercana a la muerte = near death experience.
    * firmar la sentencia de muerte = sound + the death knell for.
    * firmar una sentencia de muerte = sign + a death warrant (for).
    * frío de muerte = freezing cold.
    * hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.
    * Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.
    * herido de muerte = mortally wounded.
    * herir de muerte = fatally + shoot.
    * lecho de muerte = deathbed [death bed].
    * lucha a muerte = fight to death.
    * lucha hasta la muerte = fight to death.
    * luchar a muerte = fight to + death, get into + a fight to the death.
    * luchar hasta la muerte = fight to + death.
    * morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.
    * morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.
    * muerte accidental = accidental death.
    * muerte aparente = suspended animation.
    * muerte asistida = assisted death, assisted dying.
    * muerte cerebral = brain death.
    * muerte clínica = brain death, clínical death.
    * muerte de un familiar = bereavement, death in the family.
    * muerte digna = dignified death.
    * muerte embrionaria = embryonal death.
    * muerte fetal = foetal death.
    * muerte, la = Reaper, the, Grim Reaper, the.
    * muerte natural = natural death.
    * muerte neonatal = neonatal death.
    * muerte por suicidio = suicidal death.
    * muerte prematura = premature death, untimely death.
    * muerte súbita = cot death, crib death, sudden death.
    * pelea a muerte = fight to death.
    * pelea hasta la muerte = fight to death.
    * pelear a muerte = fight to + death.
    * pelear hasta la mueerte = fight to + death.
    * pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.
    * penado con la muerte = punishable by death.
    * pillar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).
    * pulsión de muerte = death-wish.
    * roce con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.
    * sentencia de muerte = death sentence, death warrant, death knell.
    * sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * sentenciar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.
    * síndrome infantil de muerte súbita (SIMS) = sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
    * tener una muerte digna = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.
    * tener una muerte horrible = die + a horrible death, suffer + a horrible death.
    * una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.
    * ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.
    * vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].
    * vida or muerte = life or death.
    * * *
    a) ( de ser vivo) death

    muerte natural/repentina — natural/sudden death

    odiar a muerte — to loathe, detest

    cada muerte de obispo — (AmL fam) once in a blue moon

    de mala muerte — (fam) < pensión> grotty (colloq), cheesy (AmE colloq)

    un pueblo de mala muerte — a dump (colloq), a really grotty place

    ser de muerte lenta — (Ven fam) to be fantastic (colloq)

    ser la muerte — (fam) ( ser atroz) to be hell o murder (colloq); ( ser estupendo) to be great o fantastic (colloq)

    b) ( homicidio)

    dar muerte a alguien — (frml) to kill somebody

    c) ( fin) death
    * * *
    la muerte
    = Reaper, the, Grim Reaper, the

    Ex: The film parades a frenzy between an old woman being taken by the Reaper and being saved continuously by a playboy doctor with a team of pin-up nurses.

    Ex: These days, the Grim Reaper is usually portrayed as a skeleton or a cadaverous figure, garbed from head to foot in a black habit and hood, and carrying a large scythe.

    = death, loss of life, last breath, passing, fatality, die-off.

    Ex: Typically, the additions to the name will fall within the following categories: title of nobility, title of honour, address, date of birth, and date of death.

    Ex: The war involved not only extensive loss of life and destruction of property, but also widespread damage to cultural monuments and objects.
    Ex: When she died in a bus accident in Bolivia while serving in a women's cooperative, her legacy did not stop with her last breath.
    Ex: The Rutgers University Libraries are sad to report on the passing of Thelma Tate.
    Ex: A summary is then presented of the number and percentage of snowmobile fatalities in these three states during winter 2002-03.
    Ex: We all know that there is no guarantee that, even if we do everything we can, the result won't be human die-off and environmental devastation.
    * afligido por la muerte de un familiar cercano = bereaved.
    * agarrar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * apedrear hasta la muerte = stone to + death.
    * coger un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).
    * condenado a muerte = death row.
    * condenar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death.
    * condenar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * con peligro de muerte = life threatening.
    * corredor de la muerte = death row.
    * cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.
    * dar un susto de muerte = frighten + the living daylights out of, frighten + Nombre + to death, scare + the hell out of.
    * dar un susto de muerto = scare + the living daylights out of.
    * derecho a la muerte = right to die.
    * de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.
    * encuentro con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.
    * enemistad a muerte = blood feud.
    * enfrentarse a la muerte = face + death.
    * enzarzarse en una lucha a muerte = get into + a fight to the death.
    * escuadrón de la muerte = death squadron, death squad.
    * experiencia cercana a la muerte = near death experience.
    * firmar la sentencia de muerte = sound + the death knell for.
    * firmar una sentencia de muerte = sign + a death warrant (for).
    * frío de muerte = freezing cold.
    * hasta la muerte = until the end, forever, until the bitter end.
    * Hasta que la muerte nos separe = Till death do us part.
    * herido de muerte = mortally wounded.
    * herir de muerte = fatally + shoot.
    * lecho de muerte = deathbed [death bed].
    * lucha a muerte = fight to death.
    * lucha hasta la muerte = fight to death.
    * luchar a muerte = fight to + death, get into + a fight to the death.
    * luchar hasta la muerte = fight to + death.
    * morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.
    * morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.
    * muerte accidental = accidental death.
    * muerte aparente = suspended animation.
    * muerte asistida = assisted death, assisted dying.
    * muerte cerebral = brain death.
    * muerte clínica = brain death, clínical death.
    * muerte de un familiar = bereavement, death in the family.
    * muerte digna = dignified death.
    * muerte embrionaria = embryonal death.
    * muerte fetal = foetal death.
    * muerte, la = Reaper, the, Grim Reaper, the.
    * muerte natural = natural death.
    * muerte neonatal = neonatal death.
    * muerte por suicidio = suicidal death.
    * muerte prematura = premature death, untimely death.
    * muerte súbita = cot death, crib death, sudden death.
    * pelea a muerte = fight to death.
    * pelea hasta la muerte = fight to death.
    * pelear a muerte = fight to + death.
    * pelear hasta la mueerte = fight to + death.
    * pena de muerte = death penalty, death row.
    * penado con la muerte = punishable by death.
    * pillar un resfriado de muerte = catch + Posesivo + death (of cold).
    * pulsión de muerte = death-wish.
    * roce con la muerte = close shave with death, close encounter with death.
    * sentencia de muerte = death sentence, death warrant, death knell.
    * sentenciar a la pena de muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * sentenciar a muerte = sentence + Nombre + to death, condemn + Nombre + to death.
    * sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.
    * síndrome infantil de muerte súbita (SIMS) = sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
    * tener una muerte digna = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.
    * tener una muerte horrible = die + a horrible death, suffer + a horrible death.
    * una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.
    * ver la muerte de cerca = have + brushes with death.
    * vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].
    * vida or muerte = life or death.

    * * *
    muerte natural/repentina natural/sudden death
    el veneno le produjo la muerte instantánea the poison killed him instantly
    200 personas encontraron la muerte en el incendio 200 people lost their lives o ( liter) met their death in the fire
    condenado a muerte sentenced to death
    amenaza de muerte death threat
    hasta que la muerte nos separe till death us do part
    a la muerte de su padre heredó una fortuna she inherited a fortune on her father's death o when her father died
    herido de muerte fatally wounded
    me dio un susto de muerte ( fam); she scared the living daylights out of me ( colloq), she scared me to death ( colloq)
    luchó or se debatió varios días con la muerte he was at death's door o fighting for his life for several days
    odiar a muerte to loathe, detest
    cada muerte de obispo ( AmL fam); once in a blue moon
    de mala muerte ( fam); ‹pensión› grotty ( colloq), cheesy ( AmE colloq)
    es un pueblo de mala muerte it's a dump o a hole ( colloq), it's a really grotty place
    ser de muerte lenta ( Ven fam); to be fantastic ( colloq)
    ser la muerte ( fam) (ser atroz) to be hell o murder ( colloq); (ser estupendo) to be great o fantastic ( colloq)
    meterse de profesor es la muerte en vida it's murder going into teaching ( colloq)
    se cree/te crees la muerte he thinks he's/you think you're the bee's knees o the cat's whiskers ( colloq)
    2
    (homicidio): lo acusan de la muerte de tres personas he is accused of killing three people o of causing the deaths of three people
    dar muerte a algn ( frml); to kill sb
    3 (fin) death
    la muerte de una civilización the death o demise of a civilization
    Compuestos:
    brain death
    certificaron la muerte clínica dos horas despúes he/she was pronounced clinically dead two hours later
    cot death, sudden infant death syndrome ( tech)
    (literal) sudden death; (en fútbol, etc) sudden death; (en tenis) tiebreaker, tiebreak
    violent death
    * * *

     

    muerte sustantivo femenino
    death;

    a la muerte de su padre on her father's death;
    muerte de cuna crib death (AmE), cot death (BrE);
    me dio un susto de muerte (fam) she scared me to death (colloq);
    dar muerte a algn (frml) to kill sb;
    de mala muerte (fam) ‹pueblo/hotel› grotty (colloq);
    ser la muerte (fam) ( ser atroz) to be hell o murder (colloq);

    ( ser estupendo) to be fantastic (colloq)
    muerte sustantivo femenino
    1 death: murió de muerte natural, she died a natural death
    2 (homicidio) killing
    (asesinato) murder: al criminal se le imputan tres muertes, the criminal is charged with three murders
    ♦ Locuciones: a muerte, to death: defender a muerte, to defend to the death
    odiar a muerte, to loathe sb
    familiar de mala muerte, lousy, rotten
    (buenísimo) de muerte, fantastic, great
    ' muerte' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonarse
    - afectar
    - amenazar
    - borde
    - cabecilla
    - caer
    - condenar
    - condenada
    - condenado
    - conmutar
    - desafiar
    - ejecución
    - enloquecer
    - enterada
    - enterado
    - garito
    - garrote
    - genuina
    - genuino
    - hasta
    - instantánea
    - instantáneo
    - lamentar
    - lecho
    - local
    - mal
    - marcar
    - obsesionar
    - origen
    - palo
    - pena
    - pérdida
    - puerta
    - reciente
    - sabrosa
    - sabroso
    - sacudir
    - semblante
    - sentida
    - sentido
    - simbolizar
    - sobreponerse
    - tugurio
    - vida
    - violenta
    - violento
    - amenaza
    - apenar
    - baja
    - desafío
    English:
    afterlife
    - anarchy
    - brain death
    - cheat
    - commute
    - curtain
    - cutthroat
    - death
    - death penalty
    - death row
    - death squad
    - deathbed
    - demise
    - dice
    - doom
    - drive
    - dump
    - early
    - fatal
    - fatally
    - get
    - hole
    - inquest
    - lead to
    - matter
    - meet
    - misadventure
    - mortally
    - mourn
    - natural
    - opposed
    - pain
    - penalty
    - point
    - punishable
    - register
    - release
    - scare
    - sentence
    - shock
    - silly
    - snuff movie
    - squad
    - upset
    - wit
    - accidental
    - against
    - bereaved
    - bereavement
    - blow
    * * *
    muerte nf
    1. [fin de la vida] death;
    la malaria le produjo la muerte malaria was the cause of death;
    ha sido herido de muerte he has been fatally wounded;
    una lucha a muerte a fight to the death;
    la odio a muerte I hate her with all my heart, I absolutely loathe her;
    hasta que la muerte nos separe till death us do part;
    tener una muerte dulce to die peacefully;
    Am Fam
    cada muerte de obispo once in a blue moon;
    Fam
    de muerte: vas a agarrar un resfriado de muerte you're going to catch your death of cold;
    me he llevado un susto de muerte I got the fright of my life;
    hace un frío de muerte it's absolutely freezing;
    esta sopa está de muerte this soup is yummy;
    Fam
    de mala muerte [cine, restaurante] third-rate;
    un pueblo/una casa de mala muerte a hole, a dump;
    Ven Fam
    ser de muerte [muy bueno] to be fantastic;
    [muy malo] to be the pits muerte aparente suspended animation;
    muerte cerebral brain death;
    Der muerte civil civil death, attainder;
    muerte natural: [m5] morir de muerte natural to die of natural causes;
    vivió en una residencia hasta su muerte natural she lived in a home until she died of old age;
    muerte súbita [del bebé] sudden infant death;
    [en tenis] tie break; [en golf] play-off;
    muerte violenta violent death;
    morir de muerte violenta to die a violent death
    2. [homicidio] murder;
    se le acusa de la muerte de varias mujeres he has been accused of murdering o of the murder of several women;
    3.
    la muerte [ser imaginario] death
    4. [final, desaparición] death, demise;
    la muerte de los regímenes comunistas the demise of the Communist regimes
    * * *
    f death;
    a muerte to the death;
    odiar a muerte loathe, detest;
    me dio un susto de muerte it frightened me to death;
    de mala muerte fig fam lousy fam, awful fam
    * * *
    muerte nf
    : death
    * * *
    muerte n death

    Spanish-English dictionary > muerte

  • 48 Tod

    m; -es, -e, meist Sg.
    1. death; bes. fig. demise; JUR. decease, death; Tod durch Ersticken / Verhungern death by suffocation / from starvation; zu Tode kommen die, perish lit., be killed, lose one’s life; zum Tod(e) führen allg. cause (s.o.’s) death; Krankheit etc.: be fatal; Schlag etc.: auch be mortal geh.; eines natürlichen Todes sterben die a natural death; zu Tode stürzen fall to one’s death; einen leichten / schönen Tod haben (just) slip peacefully away / have a beautiful ( oder lovely) death; dem Tod(e) geweiht sein Soldaten etc.: be doomed (to die); Schwerkranke: be dying ( oder approaching death), be doomed lit.; der Arzt konnte nur noch den Tod feststellen by the time the doctor arrived he ( oder she) was dead; zum Tode verurteilen sentence to death; etw. mit dem Tod(e) bestrafen punish s.th. by death, impose the death penalty for s.th.; jemanden zum Tod durch den Strang verurteilen sentence s.o. to death by hanging ( oder to the noose lit.); zu Tode hetzen / prügeln / quälen harry / beat ( oder batter)/ torture s.o. to death; jemanden in den Tod treiben drive s.o. to his ( oder her) death; über den Tod hinaus beyond the grave; sie hat sich zu Tode gefixt she died from abuse of drugs
    2. nur Sg.: der Tod als Gestalt: death, Death lit.; dem Tod ins Auge sehen come face to face with death; mit dem Tod(e) ringen be fighting for life, be at death’s door; der Tod hält reiche Ernte death is reaping a rich harvest; Wettlauf mit dem Tod race with ( oder against) death; dem Tod von der Schippe springen escape from the jaws of death, cheat death; aussehen wie der Tod look like death (warmed up [Am. over] umg.); der schwarze / weiße / nasse Tod the Black Death / the white death / a watery grave; umsonst ist der Tod Sprichw. nothing in life is free - except death
    3. fig.: sich (Dat) den Tod holen (sich erkälten) catch one’s death (of cold); sich zu Tode arbeiten work o.s. to death; das wäre der Tod der Demokratie that would be the end ( oder death) of democracy; das war der Tod für die Firma that was what did ( oder the coup de grace) for the company, that finished the company (off); Misstrauen ist der Tod jeder Beziehung mistrust is poison to a relationship; einen tausendfachen Tod sterben, tausend Tode sterben vor Angst, Sorge etc.: die a thousand deaths; jemanden zu Tode erschrecken / langweilen scare ( oder frighten) / bore s.o. to death; ich bin zu Tode erschrocken I got the shock ( oder fright) of my life; sich zu Tode schämen nearly die of shame ( oder embarrassment), be (utterly) mortified; ich habe mich zu Tode geschämt auch I wished the earth would open up and swallow me; ich kann ihn auf den Tod nicht leiden I can’t stand ( stärker: I hate) the sight of him, I (utterly) detest ( oder loathe) him; das kann ich auf den Tod nicht leiden I hate it like poison; Leben
    * * *
    der Tod
    end; death; quietus; decease; fate
    * * *
    [toːt]
    m -(e)s, -e
    death[-də]

    ein früher Tód — an early or premature death

    der Tód als Schnitter — the Grim Reaper

    Tód durch Erschießen/Ersticken/Erhängen — death by firing squad/suffocation/hanging

    eines natürlichen/gewaltsamen Tódes sterben — to die of natural causes/a violent death

    er ist des Tódes (geh) — he is doomed

    er muss des Tódes sterben (geh) — he will have to die

    sich zu Tóde fallen — to fall to one's death

    sich zu Tóde trinken — to drink oneself to death

    den Tód holen — to catch one's death (of cold)

    den Tód finden, zu Tóde kommen — to die

    in den Tód gehen — to go to one's death

    für jdn in den Tód gehen — to die for sb

    bis in den Tód — until death

    jdn in den Tód treiben — to drive sb to his/her death

    jdm in den Tód folgen — to follow sb

    Tód und Teufel! (old) — by the devil! (old)

    weder Tód noch Teufel werden mich davon abhalten! — I'll do it, come hell or high water!

    jdn/etw auf den Tód nicht leiden or ausstehen können (inf) — to be unable to abide or stand sb/sth

    etw zu Tóde hetzen or reiten (fig) — to flog sth to death

    sich zu Tód(e) langweilen — to be bored to death

    sich zu Tód(e) schämen — to be utterly ashamed

    zu Tóde betrübt sein — to be in the depths of despair

    See:
    → Leben
    * * *
    der
    1) (the act of dying: There have been several deaths in the town recently; Most people fear death.) death
    2) (something which causes one to die: Smoking too much was the death of him.) death
    3) (the state of being dead: eyes closed in death.) death
    4) (death: The soldiers met their end bravely.) end
    * * *
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [to:t]
    m (Lebensende) death
    ▪ der \Tod (liter) Death, the Grim Reaper liter
    ▪ \Tod durch etw akk death by sth
    \Tod durch Erschießen execution by firing squad
    \Tod durch Ertrinken death by drowning
    \Tod durch Fahrlässigkeit negligent homicide
    \Tod durch Unfall accidental death
    von \Todes wegen on account of death
    eines friedlichen \Todes sterben to die a peaceful death
    etw mit dem \Tode bezahlen (geh) to pay for sth with one's life
    jdn ereilt der \Tod (geh) sb is overtaken by death
    den \Tod finden (geh) to meet one's death, to perish
    jdm in den \Tod folgen (geh) to follow sb to the grave
    [für jdn/etw] in den \Tod gehen (geh) to die [for sb]
    jdn in den \Tod reißen to kill sb
    bis dass der \Tod uns scheidet 'til death do us part
    des \Todes sein (geh) to be doomed
    bis in den \Tod until death
    ▶ jdn/etw auf den \Tod nicht ausstehen können [o leiden] (fam) to be unable to stand sb/sth fam
    ▶ zu \Tode betrübt sein to be deeply despaired
    ▶ sich dat den \Tod holen (fam) to catch one's death [of cold] fam
    ▶ sich akk zu \Tode langweilen to be bored to death
    ▶ sich akk zu \Tode schämen to be utterly ashamed; s.a. Kind, Leben
    * * *
    der; Tod[e]s, Tode (auch fig.) death

    eines natürlichen/gewaltsamen Todes sterben — die a natural/violent death

    jemanden zum Tod durch den Strang/zum Tod durch Erschießen verurteilen — sentence somebody to death by hanging/by firing squad

    für jemanden/etwas in den Tod gehen — die for somebody/something

    sich zu Tode stürzen/trinken — fall to one's death/drink oneself to death

    jemanden/etwas auf den Tod nicht leiden/ausstehen können — (ugs.) not be able to stand or abide somebody/something

    sich zu Tode schämen/langweilen — be utterly ashamed/bored to death

    sich (Dat.) den Tod holen — (ugs.) catch one's death [of cold]

    * * *
    Tod m; -es, -e, meist sg
    1. death; besonders fig demise; JUR decease, death;
    Tod durch Ersticken/Verhungern death by suffocation/from starvation;
    zu Tode kommen die, perish liter, be killed, lose one’s life;
    zum Tod(e) führen allg cause (sb’s) death; Krankheit etc: be fatal; Schlag etc: auch be mortal geh;
    eines natürlichen Todes sterben die a natural death;
    zu Tode stürzen fall to one’s death;
    einen leichten/schönen Tod haben (just) slip peacefully away/have a beautiful ( oder lovely) death;
    dem Tod(e) geweiht sein Soldaten etc: be doomed (to die); Schwerkranke: be dying ( oder approaching death), be doomed liter;
    der Arzt konnte nur noch den Tod feststellen by the time the doctor arrived he ( oder she) was dead;
    zum Tode verurteilen sentence to death;
    etwas mit dem Tod(e) bestrafen punish sth by death, impose the death penalty for sth;
    jemanden zum Tod durch den Strang verurteilen sentence sb to death by hanging ( oder to the noose liter);
    zu Tode hetzen/prügeln/quälen harry/beat ( oder batter)/torture sb to death;
    jemanden in den Tod treiben drive sb to his ( oder her) death;
    über den Tod hinaus beyond the grave;
    sie hat sich zu Tode gefixt she died from abuse of drugs
    2. nur sg:
    der Tod als Gestalt: death, Death liter;
    dem Tod ins Auge sehen come face to face with death;
    mit dem Tod(e) ringen be fighting for life, be at death’s door;
    der Tod hält reiche Ernte death is reaping a rich harvest;
    Wettlauf mit dem Tod race with ( oder against) death;
    dem Tod von der Schippe springen escape from the jaws of death, cheat death;
    aussehen wie der Tod look like death (warmed up [US over] umg);
    der Schwarze/Weiße/nasse Tod the Black Death/the white death/a watery grave;
    umsonst ist der Tod sprichw nothing in life is free - except death
    3. fig:
    sich (dat)
    den Tod holen (sich erkälten) catch one’s death (of cold);
    sich zu Tode arbeiten work o.s. to death;
    das wäre der Tod der Demokratie that would be the end ( oder death) of democracy;
    das war der Tod für die Firma that was what did ( oder the coup de grace) for the company, that finished the company (off);
    Misstrauen ist der Tod jeder Beziehung mistrust is poison to a relationship;
    einen tausendfachen Tod sterben, tausend Tode sterben vor Angst, Sorge etc: die a thousand deaths;
    jemanden zu Tode erschrecken/langweilen scare ( oder frighten)/bore sb to death;
    ich bin zu Tode erschrocken I got the shock ( oder fright) of my life;
    sich zu Tode schämen nearly die of shame ( oder embarrassment), be (utterly) mortified;
    ich habe mich zu Tode geschämt auch I wished the earth would open up and swallow me;
    ich kann ihn auf den Tod nicht leiden I can’t stand ( stärker: I hate) the sight of him, I (utterly) detest ( oder loathe) him;
    das kann ich auf den Tod nicht leiden I hate it like poison; → Leben
    * * *
    der; Tod[e]s, Tode (auch fig.) death

    eines natürlichen/gewaltsamen Todes sterben — die a natural/violent death

    jemanden zum Tod durch den Strang/zum Tod durch Erschießen verurteilen — sentence somebody to death by hanging/by firing squad

    für jemanden/etwas in den Tod gehen — die for somebody/something

    sich zu Tode stürzen/trinken — fall to one's death/drink oneself to death

    jemanden/etwas auf den Tod nicht leiden/ausstehen können — (ugs.) not be able to stand or abide somebody/something

    sich zu Tode schämen/langweilen — be utterly ashamed/bored to death

    sich (Dat.) den Tod holen — (ugs.) catch one's death [of cold]

    * * *
    -e m.
    death n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Tod

  • 49 bis

    I Präp.
    1. bei Zeitdauer: till, until; bis heute so far, to date; betont: to this day; bis dato förm. to date allg.; bis jetzt up to now; so far; bis jetzt noch nicht not (as) yet; ich habe bis jetzt nichts gehört I haven’t heard anything yet ( oder so far); bis dahin until then; (in der Zwischenzeit) in the meantime; siehe auch 2; bis auf weiteres for the present; Amtsspr. until further notice; bis in die Nacht into the night; bis spät in die Nacht until the early ( oder wee) hours; die Sonne schien bis zum Sonntag the sun shone (up) until Sunday; bis zum späten Nachmittag till late in the afternoon; bis vor einigen Jahren until a few years ago; bis Ende Mai habe ich zu tun I’m busy until the end of May, Am. auch I’m busy through May; bis zum Ende (right) to the end; bis wann wird es dauern? how long will it last?; mit Datum: in der Zeit vom... bis... between... and...; von morgens acht bis abends sechs from eight in the morning until six at night; von Montag bis Freitag Monday to (Am. auch through) Friday; bis einschließlich / ausschließlich up to and including / not including; bis morgen / Montag / bald! see you tomorrow / (on) Monday / soon; bis dann / später / gleich! umg. see you then ( oder later) / later / in a moment
    2. (bis spätestens) by; mit Verbkonstruktion: by the time...; bis er zurückkommt, ist es schon dunkel by the time he gets back, it will be dark; es muss bis Freitag eingereicht werden it has to be handed in by Friday; bis wann ist es fertig? when will it be ready by?; bis wann hast du Zeit? how much time have you got?; bis wann willst du es wieder haben? when do you want it back by?; bis ( spätestens) morgen weiß ich Bescheid I’ll know for definite (Am. sure) by tomorrow (at the latest); die Fotos sind bis frühestens übermorgen fertig the photos will be ready the day after tomorrow at the earliest; ich bin noch bis sechs Uhr im Büro I’ll be at work until six o’clock; bis Ende April ist er wieder zurück he will be back by the end of April; alle bis... eingegangenen Bewerbungen all applications received by ( oder before)...; er hätte bis jetzt da sein müssen he should have been there by now; bis dahin werden wir fertig sein etc. by then, by that time
    3. räumlich: to, up to, as far as; fährt der Bus bis Glasgow? does this bus go to Glasgow?; bis hierher up to here; bis hierher und nicht weiter auch fig. this far and no further; bis dahin as far as that ( oder there); bis dahin ist es nicht weit that’s not far; bis wohin? how far?; bis ans Knie up to one’s knees; Kleid: down to the knee; von hier bis New York from here to New York; wie weit ist es noch bis nach Innsbruck? how far is it to Innsbruck?, how far have we got to go (before we get) to Innsbruck?; weiterlesen bis Seite zwölf continue to read to page twelve; bis vor das Haus fahren drive up to the front door of the house, drive (right) up to the house; er folgte mir bis ins Hotelfoyer he followed me (right) into the lobby of the hotel ( nicht weiter: as far as the lobby of the hotel); der Blick reicht bis weit ins Tal the view stretches right into the valley; der Ball flog bis hinter den Zaun the ball went over the fence; hier 1, oben etc.
    4. Zahlenangabe: bis zu 100 Mann up to..., as many as...; bis zu 9 Meter hoch up to..., as high as...; bis 20 zählen count (up) to 20; Kinder bis zwölf Jahre children up to the age of twelve oder up to twelve years of age; bis auf das letzte Stück down to the last bit (Kuchen etc.: piece)
    5. bis aufs Höchste to the utmost; bis ins Kleinste down to the last detail; bis zur Tollkühnheit to the point of rashness; bis zum Überdruss ad nauseam; bis auf die Haut nass werden be soaked to the skin; Bewusstlosigkeit etc.
    6. (mit Ausnahme von) bis auf except, with the exception of; alle bis auf einen all except ( oder but) one; bis auf drei sind alle gekommen all except three have come; letzt... 1, 4
    II Konj.
    1. till, until; (bis spätestens) by the time; es wird eine Zeitlang dauern, bis er es merkt it will take a while for him to find out ( oder before he finds out); er kommt nicht, bis ich ihn rufe he won’t come until ( oder unless) I call him; du gehst nicht, bis du aufgeräumt hast you’re not going until ( oder before) you’ve tidied (Am. cleaned) up; bis dass der Tod euch scheidet until death do you part; bis ich das gefunden habe! verärgert: if I don’t find it soon!, by the time I find it...!
    2. zwischen Zahladjektiven: to; 7 bis 10 Tage from 7 to 10 days, between 7 and 10 days; 5 bis 6 Wagen 5 to 6 cars
    3. heiter bis wolkig / sonnig bis leicht bedeckt im Wetterbericht: generally fine, cloudy in places / sunny with light cloud cover; die Tendenz war lustlos bis verhalten an der Börse: the tendency was slack to cautious
    * * *
    until (Präp.); to (Präp.); by (Präp.); unto (Präp.); as far as (Präp.); till (Präp.)
    * * *
    bịs I [bɪs]
    adv (MUS)
    bis, twice II [bɪs]
    1. PRÄPOSITION (+acc)
    1) zeitlich until; (= bis spätestens) byIm Sinne von bis spätestens wird bis meist mit by übersetzt.

    bis 5 Uhr mache ich Hausaufgaben, und dann... — I do my homework until 5 o'clock, and then...

    das muss bis Ende Mai warten — that will have to wait until or till the end of May

    ich kann nur ( noch) bis nächste Woche warten — I can only wait until next week, no longer

    er ist bis gegen 5 Uhr noch da — he'll be there (up) until or till about 5 o'clock

    bis zum Schluss war unklar, wie der Prozess ausgehen würde — the outcome of the trial was in doubt right up to the end

    es dauert mindestens/höchstens bis nächste Woche — it will take until next week at the very least/most

    bis jetzt hat er nichts gesagt — up to now or so far he has said nothing

    bis spätestens Montag darfst du es behalten — you can keep it until Monday, no longer

    die Wäsche ist frühestens bis nächsten Montag fertig — the laundry won't be ready until or before next Monday at the earliest

    dieser Brauch hat sich bis ins 19. Jahrhundert gehalten — this custom continued into the 19th century

    bis in den Sommer/die Nacht hinein — into the summer/night

    bis 5 Uhr kann ich das unmöglich machen/gemacht haben — I can't possibly do it/get it done by 5 o'clock

    das sollte bis zum nächsten Sommer fertig sein — it should be finished by next summer

    das hätte eigentlich bis jetzt fertig sein müssen — that should really have been finished by now

    bis einschließlich 5. Mai — up to and including 5th May

    bis ausschließlich 5. Mai — up to but not including 5th May

    bis bald/später/morgen! — see you soon/later/tomorrow!

    bis wann bleibt ihr hier? — how long are you staying here?

    sie geht bis auf Weiteres auf die Schule in der Kantstraße — for the time being, she'll continue going to the school on Kantstraße

    bis dann! — see you then!diams; von... bis... from... to or till or through (US)...; (mit Uhrzeiten) from... till or to...

    vom 10. Mai bis 12. Oktober — from 10th May until 12th October

    vom 10. Mai bis einschließlich 12. Oktober — from 10th May until 12th October inclusive

    2) räumlich to; (in Buch, Film, Erzählung) up to

    bis durch/über/unter — right through/over/under

    bis ins Letzte or Kleinste — down to the smallest detail

    bis wo/wohin? — how far?

    wie weit ist es zum nächsten Supermarkt? – bis dorthin sind es nur 5 km — how far is the nearest supermarket? – it's only 5km (away)

    bis hierher hast du ja recht gehabt — so or this far you've been right

    ich gehe bis hierher, aber nicht weiter — I'll go as far as that, but no further

    bis einschließlich Kapitel 3 — up to the end of chapter 3

    Kinder bis sechs Jahre, bis sechs Jahre alte Kinder — children up to the age of six

    4) andere Wendungendiams; bis zu (= bis zu einer oberen Grenze von) up to; (= bis zu einer unteren Grenze von) (down) to

    es sind alle gekommen, bis auf Sandra — they all came, except Sandra

    das Schiff ging unter und sie ertranken alle, bis auf den letzten Mann — the ship sank and every single one of them drowned

    2. BINDEWORT
    2) unterordnend zeitlich until, till; (= nicht später als) by the time

    ich warte noch, bis es dunkel wird — I'll wait until or till it gets dark

    bis es dunkel wird, möchte ich zu Hause sein — I want to get home before it gets dark

    das muss gemacht sein, bis ich nach Hause komme — it must be done by the time I come home

    du gehst hier nicht weg, bis das (nicht) gemacht ist — you're not leaving until or before it's done

    3) = sobald Aus inf when

    gleich bis er kommt — the moment he comes (inf), as soon as he comes

    * * *
    1) (to the place or point mentioned: We walked as far as the lake.) as far as
    2) (as far, or as much, as: He counted up to 100; Up to now, the work has been easy.) up to
    3) (to the time of or when: I'll wait till six o'clock; Go on till you reach the station.) till
    4) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) to
    5) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) to
    6) (to the time of or when: He was here until one o'clock; I won't know until I get a letter from him.) until
    * * *
    [bɪs]
    I. präp + akk
    1. (zeitlich) till, until; (nicht später als) by
    \bis anhin SCHWEIZ up to now
    \bis bald/gleich see you soon/in a little while [or a minute]
    \bis dahin/dann by then
    \bis dann! till then!
    \bis dahin bin ich alt und grau! I'll be old and grey by then!
    \bis dahin war alles gut gegangen until then everything had gone well
    \bis einschließlich [o SCHWEIZ und mit] up to and including
    das Angebot läuft noch \bis einschließlich 15.Oktober the offer runs up to and including October 15
    ich habe noch \bis einschließlich Dienstag Urlaub I am on holidays until Wednesday
    \bis jetzt up to now, so far; (spätestens jetzt) by now
    \bis jetzt haben wir 200.000 Ausgaben verkauft up to now [or so far] we've sold 200,000 copies
    \bis jetzt ist noch alles ruhig so far everything is still quiet
    das hätte \bis jetzt erledigt sein sollen that should have been done by now
    \bis jetzt noch nicht not yet
    irgendwelche Beschwerden? — nein, \bis jetzt jedenfalls noch nicht! any complaints? — no, nothing so far anyway
    \bis Montag/morgen/nächste Woche/später till Monday/tomorrow/next week/later
    \bis Montag/morgen/nächste Woche fertig sein müssen to have to be ready by Monday/tomorrow/next month
    dann bis später/Montag! see you later/on Monday!
    \bis spätestens... by... at the latest
    er bleibt \bis spätestens Freitag he is going to stay until Friday at the latest
    der Text muss \bis spätestens Montag fertig sein the text hast to be ready by Monday at the latest
    \bis [gegen] 8 Uhr until [about] 8 o' clock
    \bis wann until when
    \bis wann gilt der Fahrplan? when is the timetable valid till?, how long is the timetable valid?
    \bis wann weiß ich, ob Sie das Angebot annehmen? [by] when will I know, whether you're going to accept the offer?
    \bis wann bleibst du? how long are you staying [for]?
    \bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt up to this time
    ▪ \bis in etw akk into sth
    \bis spät in die Nacht long into the night
    \bis in die frühen Morgenstunden until the early hours [of the morning]
    ▪ von... [an] \bis... from... until...
    von Montag \bis Samstag from Monday to Saturday, Monday through Saturday AM
    ich bin von heute [an] \bis einschließlich Mittwoch auf einer Tagung I'm at a meeting from today until the end of Wednesday [or until Wednesday inclusive]
    ▪ \bis zu etw dat until [or till] sth; (nicht später als) by sth
    \bis zu dieser Stunde habe ich davon nichts gewusst! I knew nothing about it until now
    das Projekt dürfte \bis zum Jahresende abgeschlossen sein the project should be finished by [or before] the end of the year
    sie war \bis zum 17. Lebensjahr im Internat she was at boarding school until she was 17
    jetzt sind es nur noch zwei Stunden \bis nach Hause it's only another two hours until we get home
    2. (räumlich) to; (nicht weiter als) as far as
    der Zug geht nur \bis Wertheim the train's only going as far as Wertheim
    jdn von oben \bis unten mustern to look sb up and down
    er musterte ihn von oben \bis unten he looked him up and down
    der Hof geht genau \bis dahinten hin the yard runs right through to the back
    \bis dahin/dorthin [up] to there
    \bis dorthin sind es nur 3 Kilometer it's only 3 kilometres there
    siehst du die Sandbank? wir schwimmen \bis dahin can you see the sandbank? we'll swim out to there
    \bis dahin/hierhin [o hierher] up to that/this point
    \bis dahin kenne ich den Film I know the film up to that point
    \bis hierher und nicht weiter as far as here [or up to here] and no further
    \bis wohin [o (fam) wo] where to
    bis wohin können Sie mich mitnehmen? where can you take me to?, how far can you take me?
    \bis wohin sind wir in der letzten Stunde gekommen? where did we get to [or how far did we get] in the last lesson?
    ▪ \bis an/in/über/unter etw akk up to/into/over/under sth
    die Äste reichen [ganz] \bis ans Haus the branches reach [right] up to the house
    der Rock ging ihr \bis ans Knie the skirt reached down to her knees
    ▪ \bis vor etw akk/zu etw dat [up] to sth
    3. (bei Zahlenangaben) up to
    die Tagestemperaturen steigen \bis 30°C daytime temperatures rise to 30°C
    ich zähle \bis drei I'll count [up] to three
    Kinder \bis 6 Jahre children up to [the age of] 6
    ▪ \bis zu etw dat up to sth
    wir erwarten \bis zu 100 Personen we expect as many as 100 people
    die Pflanze kann \bis zu 2 Metern hoch wachsen the plant can grow as high as 2 metres
    Jugendliche \bis zu 18 Jahren adolescents up to [the age of] 18
    4. (mit Ausnahme von)
    ▪ \bis auf [o SCHWEIZ an] jdn/etw except [for] sb/sth
    ▪ \bis auf jdn/etw down to sb/sth
    II. konj
    400 \bis 500 Gramm Schinken 400 to 500 grams of ham
    5 \bis 10 Tage from 5 to [or between 5 and] 10 days
    das Wetter morgen: bewölkt \bis bedeckt und strichweise leichter Regen the weather for tomorrow: cloudy or overcast with light rain in places
    2. (unterordnend) till, until; (bevor) by the time; (bevor nicht) till, until
    ich möchte mit meiner Entscheidung warten, \bis ich mehr Informationen habe I'd like to wait with my decision until I've got more information
    \bis es dunkel wird, möchte ich zu Hause sein I want to be home by the time it gets dark
    ich warte noch, \bis es dunkel wird I'll wait until it gets dark
    \bis die Hausaufgaben gemacht sind, geht ihr nicht raus! you're not going out until your homework's done!
    III. adv MUS bis spec
    * * *
    1.
    1) (zeitlich) until; till; (die ganze Zeit über und bis zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt) up to; up until; up till; (nicht später als) by

    bis gestern glaubte ich... — [up] until yesterday I had thought...

    von Dienstag bis Donnerstag — from Tuesday to Thursday; Tuesday through Thursday (Amer.)

    von sechs bis sieben [Uhr] — from six until or till seven [o'clock]

    bis Ende März ist er zurück/verreist — he'll be back by/away until the end of March

    bis wann dauert das Konzert? — till or until when does the concert go on?

    bis dann/gleich/später/morgen/nachher! — see you then/in a while/later/tomorrow/later!

    2) (räumlich, fig.) to

    nur bis Seite 100 — only up to or as far as page 100

    bis 5 000 Euro — up to 5,000 euros

    Kinder bis 6 Jahre — children up to the age of six or up to six years of age

    2.
    1)

    Städte bis zu 50 000 Einwohnern — towns of up to 50,000 inhabitants

    2)

    bis auf — (einschließlich) down to; (mit Ausnahme von) except for

    3.
    2) (unterordnend) until; till; (österr.): (sobald) when
    * * *
    A. präp
    1. bei Zeitdauer: till, until;
    bis heute so far, to date; betont: to this day;
    bis dato form to date allg;
    bis jetzt up to now; so far;
    bis jetzt noch nicht not (as) yet;
    ich habe bis jetzt nichts gehört I haven’t heard anything yet ( oder so far);
    bis dahin until then; (in der Zwischenzeit) in the meantime; → auch 2;
    bis auf weiteres for the present; ADMIN until further notice;
    bis in die Nacht into the night;
    bis spät in die Nacht until the early ( oder wee) hours;
    die Sonne schien bis zum Sonntag the sun shone (up) until Sunday;
    bis zum späten Nachmittag till late in the afternoon;
    bis vor einigen Jahren until a few years ago;
    bis Ende Mai habe ich zu tun I’m busy until the end of May, US auch I’m busy through May;
    bis zum Ende (right) to the end;
    bis wann wird es dauern? how long will it last?; mit Datum:
    in der Zeit vom … bis … between … and …;
    von morgens acht bis abends sechs from eight in the morning until six at night;
    von Montag bis Freitag Monday to (US auch through) Friday;
    bis einschließlich/ausschließlich up to and including/not including;
    bis morgen/Montag/bald! see you tomorrow/(on) Monday/soon;
    bis dann/später/gleich! umg see you then ( oder later)/later/in a moment
    2. (bis spätestens) by; mit Verbkonstruktion: by the time …;
    bis er zurückkommt, ist es schon dunkel by the time he gets back, it will be dark;
    es muss bis Freitag eingereicht werden it has to be handed in by Friday;
    bis wann ist es fertig? when will it be ready by?;
    bis wann hast du Zeit? how much time have you got?;
    bis wann willst du es wieder haben? when do you want it back by?;
    bis (spätestens) morgen weiß ich Bescheid I’ll know for definite (US sure) by tomorrow (at the latest);
    die Fotos sind bis frühestens übermorgen fertig the photos will be ready the day after tomorrow at the earliest;
    ich bin noch bis sechs Uhr im Büro I’ll be at work until six o’clock;
    bis Ende April ist er wieder zurück he will be back by the end of April;
    alle bis … eingegangenen Bewerbungen all applications received by ( oder before) …;
    er hätte bis jetzt da sein müssen he should have been there by now;
    bis dahin werden wir fertig sein etc by then, by that time
    3. räumlich: to, up to, as far as;
    fährt der Bus bis Glasgow? does this bus go to Glasgow?;
    bis hierher up to here;
    bis hierher und nicht weiter auch fig this far and no further;
    bis dahin as far as that ( oder there);
    bis dahin ist es nicht weit that’s not far;
    bis wohin? how far?;
    bis ans Knie up to one’s knees; Kleid: down to the knee;
    von hier bis New York from here to New York;
    wie weit ist es noch bis nach Innsbruck? how far is it to Innsbruck?, how far have we got to go (before we get) to Innsbruck?;
    weiterlesen bis Seite zwölf continue to read to page twelve;
    bis vor das Haus fahren drive up to the front door of the house, drive (right) up to the house;
    er folgte mir bis ins Hotelfoyer he followed me (right) into the lobby of the hotel ( nicht weiter: as far as the lobby of the hotel);
    der Blick reicht bis weit ins Tal the view stretches right into the valley;
    der Ball flog bis hinter den Zaun the ball went over the fence; → hier 1, oben etc
    bis zu 100 Mann up to …, as many as …;
    hoch up to …, as high as …;
    bis 20 zählen count (up) to 20;
    Kinder bis zwölf Jahre children up to the age of twelve oder up to twelve years of age;
    bis auf das letzte Stück down to the last bit (Kuchen etc: piece)
    5.
    bis aufs Höchste to the utmost;
    bis ins Kleinste down to the last detail;
    bis zur Tollkühnheit to the point of rashness;
    bis zum Überdruss ad nauseam;
    bis auf die Haut nass werden be soaked to the skin; → Bewusstlosigkeit etc
    bis auf except, with the exception of;
    alle bis auf einen all except ( oder but) one;
    bis auf drei sind alle gekommen all except three have come; → letzt…
    B. konj
    1. till, until; (bis spätestens) by the time;
    es wird eine Zeitlang dauern, bis er es merkt it will take a while for him to find out ( oder before he finds out);
    er kommt nicht, bis ich ihn rufe he won’t come until ( oder unless) I call him;
    du gehst nicht, bis du aufgeräumt hast you’re not going until ( oder before) you’ve tidied (US cleaned) up;
    bis dass der Tod euch scheidet until death do you part;
    bis ich das gefunden habe! verärgert: if I don’t find it soon!, by the time I find it …!
    7 bis 10 Tage from 7 to 10 days, between 7 and 10 days;
    5 bis 6 Wagen 5 to 6 cars
    3.
    heiter bis wolkig/sonnig bis leicht bedeckt im Wetterbericht: generally fine, cloudy in places/sunny with light cloud cover;
    die Tendenz war lustlos bis verhalten an der Börse: the tendency was slack to cautious
    * * *
    1.
    1) (zeitlich) until; till; (die ganze Zeit über und bis zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt) up to; up until; up till; (nicht später als) by

    bis gestern glaubte ich... — [up] until yesterday I had thought...

    von Dienstag bis Donnerstag — from Tuesday to Thursday; Tuesday through Thursday (Amer.)

    von sechs bis sieben [Uhr] — from six until or till seven [o'clock]

    bis Ende März ist er zurück/verreist — he'll be back by/away until the end of March

    bis wann dauert das Konzert? — till or until when does the concert go on?

    bis dann/gleich/später/morgen/nachher! — see you then/in a while/later/tomorrow/later!

    2) (räumlich, fig.) to

    nur bis Seite 100 — only up to or as far as page 100

    bis 5 000 Euro — up to 5,000 euros

    Kinder bis 6 Jahre — children up to the age of six or up to six years of age

    2.
    1)

    Städte bis zu 50 000 Einwohnern — towns of up to 50,000 inhabitants

    2)

    bis auf — (einschließlich) down to; (mit Ausnahme von) except for

    3.
    2) (unterordnend) until; till; (österr.): (sobald) when
    * * *
    (dass) konj.
    until conj. (zu) konj.
    till conj. konj.
    till conj.
    unless conj. präp.
    as far as prep.
    by prep.
    until conj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > bis

  • 50 покосявам

    mow down (и прен.)
    прен. cut/strike down
    смъртта рано покоси живота му death put an early end to his life
    * * *
    покося̀вам,
    гл. mow down (и прен.); прен. cut/strike down; смъртта рано покоси живота му death put an early end to his life.
    * * *
    1. mow down (и прен.) 2. прен. cut/strike down 3. смъртта рано покоси живота му death put an early end to his life

    Български-английски речник > покосявам

  • 51 DAGR

    (gen. dags, dat. degi; pl. dagar), m.
    1) day;
    at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised;
    dagr kemr upp í austri, sezt í vestri, the day rises in the east, sets in the west;
    öndverðr dagr, the early day, forenoon;
    miðr dagr, midday;
    hallandi dagr, declining day;
    at kveldi dags, síð dags, late in the day;
    sannr sem dagr, true as day;
    í dag, today;
    á (or um) daginn, during the day;
    sama dags, the same day;
    annan dag, the next day;
    annars dag, another day;
    hindra dags, the day after, tomorrow;
    dag frá degi, hvern dag frá öðrum, from day to day;
    dag eptir dag, day after day;
    nótt ok dag, night and day;
    dögunum optar, more times than there are days, over and over again;
    á deyjanda degi, on one’s death-day;
    2) pl., days, times;
    ef aðrir dagar (better days) koma;
    góðir dagar, happy days;
    3) esp. pl., lifetime;
    á dögum e-s, um daga e-s, in the days of, during or in the reign of;
    eptir minn dag, when I am dead (gaf honum alla sína eign eptir sinn dag);
    mátti hann eigi lengr gefa en um sína dagi, than for his lifetime;
    ráða (taka) e-n af dögum, to put to death.
    * * *
    m., irreg. dat. degi, pl. dagar: [the kindred word dœgr with a vowel change from ó (dóg) indicates a lost root verb analogous to ala, ól, cp. dalr and dælir; this word is common to all Teutonic dialects; Goth. dags; A. S. dag; Engl. day; Swed.-Dan. dag; Germ. tag; the Lat. dies seems to be identical, although no interchange has taken place]
    I. a day; in different senses:
    1. the natural day:—sayings referring to the day, at kveldi skal dag leyfa, at eventide shall the day be praised, Hm. 80 ; allir dagar eiga kveld um síðir; mörg eru dags augu, vide auga; enginn dagr til enda tryggr, no day can be trusted till its end; allr dagr til stefnu, Grág. i. 395, 443, is a law phrase,—for summoning was lawful only if performed during the day; this phrase is also used metaph. = ‘plenty of time’ or the like: popular phrases as to the daylight are many—dagr rennr, or rennr upp, and kemr upp, the day rises, Bm. 1; dagr í austri, day in the east, where the daylight first appears; dagsbrún, ‘day’s brow,’ is the first streak of daylight, the metaphor taken from the human face; lysir af degi, it brightens from the day, i. e. daylight is appearing; dagr ljómar, the day gleams; fyrir dag, before day; móti degi, undir dag, about daybreak; komið at degi, id., Fms. viii. 398; dagr á lopti, day in the sky; árla, snemma dags, early in the morning, Pass. 15. 17; dagr um allt lopt, etc.; albjartr dagr, hábjartr d., full day, broad daylight; hæstr dagr, high day; önd-verðr d., the early day = forenoon, Am. 50; miðr dagr, midday, Grág. i. 413, 446, Sks. 217, 219; áliðinn dagr, late in the day, Fas. i. 313; hallandi dagr, declining day; at kveldi dags, síð dags, late in the day, Fms. i. 69. In the evening the day is said to set, hence dag-sett, dag-setr, and dagr setzt; in tales, ghosts and spirits come out with nightfall, but dare not face the day; singing merry songs after nightfall is not safe, það kallast ekki Kristnum leyft að kveða þegar dagsett er, a ditty; Syrpuvers er mestr galdr er í fólginn, ok eigi er lofat at kveða eptir dagsetr, Fas. iii. 206, Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 7, 8: the daylight is symbolical of what is true or clear as day, hence the word dagsanna, or satt sem dagr, q. v.
    2. of different days; í dag, to-day, Grág. i. 16, 18, Nj. 36, Ld. 76, Fms. vi. 151; í gær-dag, yesterday; í fyrra dag, the day before yesterday, Háv. 50; í hinni-fyrra dag, the third day; annars dags, Vígl. 23, Pass. 50. I; hindra dags, the hinder day, the day after to-morrow, Hm. 109; dag eptir dag, day after day, Hkr. ii. 313; dag frá degi, from day to day, Fms. ii. 230; hvern dag frá öðrum, id., Fms. viii. 182; annan dag frá öðrum. id., Eg. 277; um daginn, during the day; á dögunum. the other day; nótt ok dag, night and day; liðlangan dag, the ‘life-long’ day; dögunum optar, more times than there are days, i. e. over and over again, Fms. x. 433; á deyjanda degi, on one’s day of death, Grág. i. 402.
    β. regu-dagr, a rainy day: sólskins-dagr, a sunny day; sumar-dagr, a summer day; vetrar-dagr, a winter day; hátíðis-dagr, a feast day; fegins-dagr, a day of joy; dóms-dagr, the day of doom, judgment day, Gl. 82, Fms. viii. 98; hamingju-dagr, heilla-dagr, a day of happiness; gleði-dagr, id.; brúðkaups-dagr, bridal-day; burðar-dagr, a birthday.
    3. in pl. days in the sense of times; aðrir dagar, Fms. i. 216; ek ætlaða ekki at þessir dagar mundu verða, sem nú eru orðnir, Nj. 171; góðir dagar, happy days, Fms. xi. 286, 270; sjá aldrei glaðan dag (sing.), never to see glad days.
    β. á e-s dögum, um e-s daga eptir e-s daga, esp. of the lifetime or reign of kings, Fms.; but in Icel. also used of the lögsögumaðr, Jb. repeatedly; vera á dögum, to be alive; eptir minn dag, ‘after my day,’ i. e. when I am dead.
    γ. calendar days, e. g. Hvíta-dagar, the White days, i. e. Whitsuntide; Hunda-dagar, the Dog days; Banda-dagr, Vincula Petri; Höfuð-dagr, Decap. Johannis; Geisla-dagr, Epiphany; Imbru-dagar, Ember days; Gang-dagar, ‘Ganging days,’ Rogation days; Dýri-dagr, Corpus Christi; etc.
    4. of the week-days; the old names being Sunnu-d. or Drottins-d., Mána-d., Týs-d., Öðins-d., Þórs-d., Frjá-d., Laugar-d. or Þvátt-d. It is hard to understand how the Icel. should be the one Teut. people that have disused the old names of the week-days; but so it was, vide Jóns S. ch. 24; fyrir bauð hann at eigna daga vitrum mönnum heiðnum, svá sem at kalla Týrsdag Óðinsdag, eðr Þórsdag, ok svá um alla vikudaga, etc., Bs. i. 237, cp. 165. Thus bishop John (died A. D. 1121) caused them to name the days as the church does (Feria sccunda, etc.); viz. Þriði-d. or Þriðju-d., Third-day = Tuesday, Rb. 44, K. Þ. K. 100, Ísl. ii. 345; Fimti-d., Fifth-day—Thursday, Rb. 42, Grág. i. 146, 464, 372, ii. 248, Nj. 274; Föstu-d., Fast-day = Friday; Miðviku-d., Midweek-day = Wednesday, was borrowed from the Germ. Mittwoch; throughout the 12th and 13th centuries, however, the old and new names were used indiscriminately. The question arises whether even the old names were not imported from abroad (England); certainly the Icel. of heathen times did not reckon by weeks; even the word week (vika) is probably of eccl. Latin origin (vices, recurrences). It is curious that the Scandinavian form of Friday, old Icel. Frjádagr, mod. Swed.-Dan. Fredag, is A. S. in form; ‘Frjá-,’ ‘Fre-,’ can hardly be explained but from A. S. Freâ-, and would be an irregular transition from the Norse form Frey. The transition of ja into mod. Swed.-Dan. e is quite regular, whereas Icel. ey (in Frey) would require the mod. Swed.-Dan. ö or u sound. Names of weekdays are only mentioned in Icel. poems of the 11th century (Arnór, Sighvat); but at the time of bishop John the reckoning by weeks was probably not fully established, and the names of the days were still new to the people. 5. the day is in Icel. divided according to the position of the sun above the horizon; these fixed traditional marks are called dags-mörk, day-marks, and are substitutes for the hours of modern times, viz. ris-mál or miðr-morgun, dag-mál, há-degi, mið-degi or mið-mundi, nón, miðr-aptan, nátt-mál, vide these words. The middle point of two day-marks is called jafn-nærri-báðum, in modern pronunciation jöfnu-báðu, equally-near-both, the day-marks following in the genitive; thus in Icel. a man asks, hvað er fram orðið, what is the time? and the reply is, jöfnubáðu miðsmorguns og dagmála, half-way between mid-morning and day-meal, or stund til (to) dagmála; hallandi dagmál, or stund af ( past) dagmálum; jöfnu-báðu hádegis og dagmúla, about ten or half-past ten o’clock, etc. Those day-marks are traditional in every farm, and many of them no doubt date from the earliest settling of the country. Respecting the division of the day, vide Pál Vídal. s. v. Allr dagr til stefnu, Finnus Johann., Horologium Island., Eyktamörk Íslenzk (published at the end of the Rb.), and a recent essay of Finn Magnusson.
    II. denoting a term, but only in compounds, dagi, a, m., where the weak form is used, cp. ein-dagi, mál-dagi, bar-dagi, skil-dagi.
    III. jis a pr. name, Dagr, (freq.); in this sense the dat. is Dag, not Degi, cp. Óðinn léði Dag (dat.) geirs síns, Sæm. 114.
    COMPDS: dagatal, dagsbrun, dagshelgi, dagsljós, dagsmark, dagsmegin, dagsmunr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > DAGR

  • 52 Hunter, John

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 14 (registered 13) February 1728 East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotland
    d. 16 October 1793 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish surgeon and anatomist, pioneer of experimental methods in medicine and surgery.
    [br]
    The younger brother of William Hunter (1718–83), who was of great distinction but perhaps of slightly less achievement in similar fields, he owed much of his early experience to his brother; William, after a period at Glasgow University, moved to St George's Hospital, London. In his later teens, John assisted a brother-in-law with cabinet-making. This appears to have contributed to the lifelong mechanical skill which he displayed as a dissector and surgeon. This skill was particularly obvious when, after following William to London in 1748, he held post at a number of London teaching hospitals before moving to St George's in 1756. A short sojourn at Oxford in 1755 appears to have been unfruitful.
    Despite his deepening involvement in the study of comparative anatomy, facilitated by the purchase of animals from the Tower menagerie and travelling show people, he accepted an appointment as a staff surgeon in the Army in 1760, participating in the expedition to Belle Isle and also serving in Portugal. He returned home with over 300 specimens in 1763 and, until his appointment as Surgeon to St George's in 1768, was heavily involved in the examination of this and other material, as well as in studies of foetal testicular descent, placental circulation, the nature of pus and lymphatic circulation. In 1772 he commenced lecturing on the theory and practice of surgery, and in 1776 he was appointed Surgeon-Extraordinary to George III.
    He is rightly regarded as the founder of scientific surgery, but his knowledge was derived almost entirely from his own experiments and observations. His contemporaries did not always accept or understand the concepts which led to such aphorisms as, "to perform an operation is to mutilate a patient we cannot cure", and his written comment to his pupil Jenner: "Why think. Why not trie the experiment". His desire to establish the aetiology of gonorrhoea led to him infecting himself, as a result of which he also contracted syphilis. His ensuing account of the characteristics of the disease remains a classic of medicine, although it is likely that the sequelae of the condition brought about his death at a relatively early age. From 1773 he suffered recurrent anginal attacks of such a character that his life "was in the hands of any rascal who chose to annoy and tease him". Indeed, it was following a contradiction at a board meeting at St George's that he died.
    By 1788, with the death of Percival Pott, he had become unquestionably the leading surgeon in Britain, if not Europe. Elected to the Royal Society in 1767, the extraordinary variety of his collections, investigations and publications, as well as works such as the "Treatise on the natural history of the human teeth" (1771–8), gives testimony to his original approach involving the fundamental and inescapable relation of structure and function in both normal and disease states. The massive growth of his collections led to his acquiring two houses in Golden Square to contain them. It was his desire that after his death his collection be purchased and preserved for the nation. It contained 13,600 specimens and had cost him £70,000. After considerable delay, Par-liament voted inadequate sums for this purpose and the collection was entrusted to the recently rechartered Royal College of Surgeons of England, in whose premises this remarkable monument to the omnivorous and eclectic activities of this outstanding figure in the evolution of medicine and surgery may still be seen. Sadly, some of the collection was lost to bombing during the Second World War. His surviving papers were also extensive, but it is probable that many were destroyed in the early nineteenth century.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1767. Copley Medal 1787.
    Bibliography
    1835–7, Works, ed. J.F.Palmer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Hunter, John

  • 53 grób

    - obu; - oby; loc sg - obie; m

    stać nad grobem — (przen) to be at death's door

    wpędzić ( perf) kogoś do grobu — to send sb to an early grave

    * * *
    mi
    -o- grave, tomb; grób rodzinny family grave; modlić się nad grobem prey at a grave; składać kwiaty na grobie lay flowers at a grave; złożyć ciało do grobu lay l. put sb in their grave; Grób Nieznanego Żołnierza Tomb of the Unknown Soldier; do (samego) grobu till death do us part; zza grobu from the other l. next world; ciemno jak w grobie pitch dark; być jedną nogą w grobie l. stać nad grobem be at death's door, have (got) one foot in the grave; kopać sobie/komuś grób be digging one's own/sb's grave; leżeć w grobie rest l. lie in a grave; chodzić na groby visit graves; milczeć jak grób be (as) silent as the grave; przewracać się w grobie turn over in one's grave; wpędzać kogoś do grobu send sb to an early grave; zabrać tajemnicę do grobu carry a secret to the grave; on wygląda, jakby wstał z grobu he looks like death warmed over; he looks like a body that's been buried and dug up again.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > grób

  • 54 rondar

    v.
    1 to patrol.
    2 to court.
    3 to be around (edad, cifra).
    ronda los cuarenta años he's about forty
    4 to wander.
    me ronda una idea por la cabeza I've been turning over an idea in my head
    5 to hover around, to circle, to haunt, to hang round.
    * * *
    1 (vigilar) to patrol, do the rounds of
    2 peyorativo (merodear) to prowl around, hang about, haunt
    3 (cortejar) to woo, court
    5 figurado (años) to be about
    1 (vigilar) to patrol
    2 (merodear) to prowl around, roam around
    4 (andar de noche) to roam at night, wander at night
    * * *
    verb
    1) to patrol, police
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [policía, soldado] to patrol
    2) [+ cifra, edad]
    3) (=perseguir)
    4) † (=cortejar) to court
    2. VI
    1) [policía, soldado] to (be on) patrol
    2) (=deambular) to prowl
    3) [pensamiento, idea]
    4) † [enamorado, la tuna] to serenade
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) vigilante/patrulla to patrol
    3) < lugar> to hang around
    4) ( cortejar) to court (dated or liter)

    la rentabilidad ronda el 3% — the yield is hovering around the 3% mark

    6) ( dar serenata a) to serenade
    2.
    rondar vi
    1) vigilante/patrulla to be on one's round o beat, be on patrol
    2) ( merodear) to hang around
    3) ( dar serenata) to serenade
    * * *
    = be one step away from, walk (a)round, hang around, loiter (about/around), loaf (about/around), bum around, linger, prowl, hang about.
    Ex. Denigrating the ideas of others is just one step away from a personal attack and reflects the speaker's ineptness.
    Ex. He got up, and, putting hands in the pockets of his trousers, began to walk around the room.
    Ex. His characters are gullible and easily led, dependent on the kindness of strangers and vulnerable to parasites and touts who hang around train stations and hotels.
    Ex. A high-pitched sound said to be only audible to young people will be used to deter teenagers from loitering at night.
    Ex. The less you work, the less you spend and the more time you have for loafing about.
    Ex. He spent his early twenties bumming around the world and became fascinated by the differences and similarities in all of us.
    Ex. He lingered round the bookstall looking at the books and papers till a pert girl behind the counter asked him if he wouldn't like a chair.
    Ex. Told in rhyme, this is the story of a slinky black cat who prowls at night and becomes a thief.
    Ex. A new report says that we waste three hours a day faffing around, doing nothing in particular, pootling, dawdling, pottering, hanging about.
    ----
    * pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.
    * rondar + Número = hover around + Número.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) vigilante/patrulla to patrol
    3) < lugar> to hang around
    4) ( cortejar) to court (dated or liter)

    la rentabilidad ronda el 3% — the yield is hovering around the 3% mark

    6) ( dar serenata a) to serenade
    2.
    rondar vi
    1) vigilante/patrulla to be on one's round o beat, be on patrol
    2) ( merodear) to hang around
    3) ( dar serenata) to serenade
    * * *
    = be one step away from, walk (a)round, hang around, loiter (about/around), loaf (about/around), bum around, linger, prowl, hang about.

    Ex: Denigrating the ideas of others is just one step away from a personal attack and reflects the speaker's ineptness.

    Ex: He got up, and, putting hands in the pockets of his trousers, began to walk around the room.
    Ex: His characters are gullible and easily led, dependent on the kindness of strangers and vulnerable to parasites and touts who hang around train stations and hotels.
    Ex: A high-pitched sound said to be only audible to young people will be used to deter teenagers from loitering at night.
    Ex: The less you work, the less you spend and the more time you have for loafing about.
    Ex: He spent his early twenties bumming around the world and became fascinated by the differences and similarities in all of us.
    Ex: He lingered round the bookstall looking at the books and papers till a pert girl behind the counter asked him if he wouldn't like a chair.
    Ex: Told in rhyme, this is the story of a slinky black cat who prowls at night and becomes a thief.
    Ex: A new report says that we waste three hours a day faffing around, doing nothing in particular, pootling, dawdling, pottering, hanging about.
    * pensamiento que ronda la cabeza de uno = thought + run through + Posesivo + head.
    * rondar + Número = hover around + Número.

    * * *
    rondar [A1 ]
    vt
    A «vigilante/patrulla» to patrol
    B
    «idea/pensamiento»: hace días que me ronda esa idea I've had that idea going around in my head for days
    debemos ahuyentar los malos pensamientos que nos rondan we must chase away the evil thoughts that beset us
    C ‹lugar› to hang around
    la gentuza que ronda el bar the rabble who hang around the bar
    era como si la muerte lo estuviese rondando it was as if death were stalking him
    D (cortejar) to court ( datedor liter)
    lleva varios años rondándola he's been courting her for several years
    E ‹cifra/edad›
    debe estar rondando los 60 she must be around/getting on for 60
    la rentabilidad ronda el 3% the yield is hovering around the 3% mark
    F (dar serenata a) to serenade
    ■ rondar
    vi
    A (para vigilar) «vigilante/patrulla» to be on one's round o beat, be on patrol
    B (merodear) to hang around
    C (dar serenata) to serenade
    * * *

    rondar ( conjugate rondar) verbo transitivo
    a) [vigilante/patrulla] to patrol






    verbo intransitivo ( merodear) to hang around
    rondar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (a una mujer) to court frml
    (a alguien con algún fin) to be after sb
    2 (vagar, pasear de noche con un fin poco claro) to loiter, prowl around: un extraño ronda la casa desde ayer, a stranger has been prowling around the house since yesterday
    3 (vigilar) to patrol
    4 (estar en torno a, aproximarse a) to be about: el precio ronda los dos millones, the price is about two million
    5 (gripe, sueño, enfermedad) to approach: me está rondando la gripe, I think I'm coming down with flu
    (una idea) to think about: no sé qué le está rondando en la cabeza, I don't known what he has in his mind
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (un vigilante, etc) to do the rounds
    2 (un delicuente, alguien sospechoso) to loiter, prowl around
    ' rondar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    andar
    English:
    prowl
    - haunt
    - push
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [vigilar] to patrol;
    rondaban las calles en parejas they patrolled the streets in pairs
    2. [parecer próximo]
    me está rondando un resfriado I've got a cold coming on;
    le ronda el sueño he's about to drop off;
    me ronda una idea por o [m5] en la cabeza I've been turning over an idea in my head
    ♦ vi
    1. [vigilar] to patrol;
    rondaban en parejas they patrolled in pairs
    2. [merodear] to wander ( por around)
    3. [edad, cifra] to be around;
    ronda los cuarenta años he's about forty;
    las pérdidas rondan los tres millones the losses are in the region of three million
    4. [cortejar] to serenade
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 zona patrol
    2
    :
    me ronda una idea I have an idea going around in my head
    3 mujer serenade
    4
    :
    rondar los treinta be around thirty
    II v/i fam
    hang around fam
    * * *
    rondar vt
    1) : to patrol
    2) : to hang around
    siempre está rondando la calle: he's always hanging around the street
    3) : to be approximately
    debe rondar los cincuenta: he must be about 50
    rondar vi
    1) : to be on patrol
    2) : to prowl around, to roam about
    * * *
    rondar vb
    1. (patrullar) to patrol [pt. & pp. patrolled]
    2. (frecuentar) to hang around [pt. & pp. hung]
    3. (rayar) to be nearly
    ronda los 30 años he's nearly 30 / he's about 30

    Spanish-English dictionary > rondar

  • 55 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

    Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:
    IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis
    JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)
    PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)
    PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    \
    О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts
    \
    1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.
    2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.
    3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.
    5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.
    6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.
    7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.
    9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.
    10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.
    11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.
    12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.
    14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.
    15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.
    16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.
    17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
    18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.
    19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
    20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.
    21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.
    22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.
    23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.
    24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.
    25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.
    27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.
    28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
    29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.
    31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.
    32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.
    33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.
    34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.
    36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.
    37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.
    38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.
    39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.
    40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.
    41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).
    42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.
    43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.
    44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.
    45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.
    47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.
    48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.
    49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.
    50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.
    51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.
    52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.
    53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.
    54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.
    55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.
    56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.
    57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.
    58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.
    59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.
    60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.
    61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.
    62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.
    63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.
    64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.
    65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.
    66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.
    67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.
    68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.
    69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.
    70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.
    71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.
    72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.
    73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.
    74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.
    75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.
    76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.
    77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).
    78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.
    79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.
    80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.
    81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.
    82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.
    83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.
    85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.
    86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.
    88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.
    89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.
    90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.
    91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.
    92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.
    93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
    94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.
    96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.
    98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.
    99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.
    100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.
    101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.
    102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.
    103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.
    104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.
    105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.
    106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.
    107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.
    110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.
    111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.
    112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.
    113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.
    114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.
    115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.
    116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.
    117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.
    118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.
    119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.
    120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.
    121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.
    122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.
    123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
    124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.
    125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.
    126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.
    127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.
    128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.
    130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.
    133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.
    134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.
    136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.
    137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.
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    141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.
    142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.
    143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.
    144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.
    145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
    146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.
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    148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.
    149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.
    150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.
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    155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.
    156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.
    157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
    158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.
    159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.
    160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.
    161. Deutsch, H. (1942) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.
    162. Deutsch, H. (1955) The impostor. In: Neuroses and Character Types. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1965.
    163. Devereux, G. (1953) Why Oedipus killed Lains. IJP, 34.
    164. Dewald, P. (1982) Psychoanalytic perspectives On resistance. In: resistance, Psychodynamics. and Behavioral Approaches, ed. P. Wachtel. New York: Plenum Press.
    165. Dickes, R. (1963) Fetishistic behavior. JAPA. 11.
    166. Dickes, R. (1965) The defensive function of an altered state of consciousness. JAPA, 13.
    167. Dickes, R. (1967) Severe regressive disruption of the therapeutic alliance. JAPA, 15.
    168. Dickes, R. (1981) Sexual myths and misinformation. In: Understanding Human Behaviour in Health and Illness, ed. R. C. Simon & H. Pardes. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
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    170. Downey, T. W. (1978) Transitional phenomena in the analysis of early adolescent males. PSOC, 33.
    171. Dunbar, F. (1954) Emotions and Bodily Functions. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    172. Easson, W. M. (1973) The earliest ego development, primitive memory traces, and the Isakower phenomenon. PQ, 42.
    173. Edelheit, H. (1971) Mythopoiesis and the primal scene. Psychoanal. Study Society, 5.
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    175. Edgcumbe, R. & Burgner, M. (1975) The phallicnarcissistic phase. PSOC, 30.
    176. Eidelberg, L. (1960) A third contribution to the study of slips of the tongue. IJP, 41.
    177. Eidelberg, L. (1968) Encyclopedia of Psychoanalysis. New York: The Free Press; London: Collier-MacMillan.
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    183. Engel, G. L. (1962) Psychological Development in Health and Disease. New York Saunders.
    184. Engel, G. L. (1967) Psychoanalytic theory of somatic disorder. JAPA, 15.
    185. Engel, G. L. (1968) A reconsideration of the role of conversion in somatic disease. Compr. Psychiat., 94.
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    189. Erikson, E. H. (1950) Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.
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    191. Erikson, E. H. (1956) The problem of ego identity. JAPA, 4.
    192. Esman, A. H. (1973) The primal scene. PSOC, 28.
    193. Esman, A. H. (1975) The Psychology of Adolescence. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    194. Esman, A. H. (1979) Some reflections on boredom. JAPA, 27.
    195. Esman, A. H. (1983) The "stimulus barrier": a review and reconsideration. PSOC, 38.
    196. Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952) Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
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    199. Fawcett, J., Clark, D. C., Scheftner, W. H. & Hedecker, D. (1983) Differences between anhedonia and normal hedonic depressive states. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 40.
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    204. Fenichel, O. (1954) Ego strength and ego weakness. Collected Papers. New York: Norton, vol. 2.
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    209. Fink, G. (1967) Analysis of the Isakower phenomenon. JAPA, 15.
    210. Fink, P. J. (1970) Correlation between "actual" neurosis and the work of Masters and Johson. P. Q, 39.
    211. Finkenstein, L. (1975) Awe premature ejaculation. P. Q, 44.
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    214. Fisher, C. et. al. (1968) Cycle of penile erection synchronous with dreaming (REM) sleep. Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 12.
    215. Fliess, R. (1942) The metapsychology of the analyst. PQ, 12.
    216. Fliess, R. (1953) The Revival of Interest in the Dream. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    217. Fodor, N. & Gaynor, F. (1950) Freud: Dictionary of Psycho-analysis. New York: Philosophical Library.
    218. Fordham, M. (1969) Children as Individuals. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
    219. Fordham, M. (1976) The Self and Autism. London: Academic Press.
    220. Fraiberg, S. (1969) Object constancy and mental representation. PSOC, 24.
    221. Frank, A. Metapsychology. PMS. Forthcoming.
    222. Frank, A. & Muslin, H. (1967) The development of Freud's concept of primal repression. PSOC, 22.
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    Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

  • 56 trabajar

    v.
    1 to work (en empleo, tarea) (hierro, barro, tierra).
    ¿de qué trabaja? what does she do (for a living)?
    trabajar de/en to work as/in
    trabajar en una empresa to work for a firm
    ponerse a trabajar to get to work
    Ellos trabajan hoy They work today.
    Ellos trabajan la madera They work the wood.
    2 to act (Cine & Teatro).
    ¡qué bien trabajan todos! the acting is really good!
    3 to sell, to stock (vender) (producto, género, marca).
    4 to work on or at.
    5 to run.
    Eso trabaja con gasolina That runs on gasoline.
    6 to operate.
    El condensador trabaja The condenser operates.
    7 to work out for.
    Me trabajó el diagrama The diagram worked out for me.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to work
    2 (en obra, película) to act, perform
    ■ ¿quién trabaja en la obra? who's in the play?
    3 figurado (soportar) to be under stress
    1 (materiales) to work (on)
    2 (idea, idioma, etc) to work on
    3 (la tierra) to till
    4 COCINA (pasta) to knead
    1 (idea, idioma, etc) to work on
    2 figurado (a alguien) to persuade
    \
    trabajar a alguien para que haga algo to talk somebody into doing something, try to persuade somebody to do something
    trabajar a destajo to do piecework
    trabajar como un,-a condenado,-a / trabajar como una bestia familiar to slave away
    trabajar de to be, work as
    trabajar de balde to work for nothing
    trabajar el hierro / trabajar la madera to work iron / work wood
    trabajar en balde familiar to work in vain
    trabajar por horas to be paid by the hour
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) [persona] to work

    • trabajar de algo — to work as sth

    • trabajar en algo, ¿en qué trabajas? — what's your job?

    ¿ha trabajado antes en diseño gráfico? — do you have any previous work experience in graphic design?

    • trabajar por horas — to work by the hour

    • trabajar jornada completa — to work full-time

    • trabajar por hacer algo, estamos trabajando por conseguir nuestros derechos — we are working towards getting our rights

    • trabajar a tiempo parcial — to work part-time

    2) (=funcionar) [fábrica] to work; [máquina] to run, work

    • hacer trabajar, si quiere hacer trabajar su dinero llámenos — if you want to make your money work for you, give us a call

    3) [tierra, árbol] to bear, yield
    2. VT
    1) [+ tierra, cuero, madera] to work; [+ masa] to knead; [+ ingredientes] to mix in
    2) [+ detalle, proyecto] to work on; [+ mente] to exercise
    3) (Com) (=vender) to sell
    4) [+ caballo] to train
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( en empleo) to work

    trabajar jornada completa or a tiempo completo — to work full-time

    trabajar media jornada or (AmL) medio tiempo or (Esp) a tiempo parcial — to work part-time

    ¿en qué trabajas? — what do you do (for a living)?

    trabaja en publicidad — she works o is in advertising

    trabajar DE or COMO algo — to work as something

    2) (en tarea, actividad) to work

    trabajar como una bestia or un negro or (un) chino — to work like a slave

    3) ( actuar) to act, perform

    ¿quién trabaja en la película? — who are the actors o who's in the movie?

    4) (operar, funcionar) to work
    2.
    1)
    a) <campo/tierra> to work
    b) <madera/cuero> to work
    c) < masa> ( con las manos) to knead, work; ( con tenedor) to mix
    2) <género/marca> to sell, stock
    3) (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
    4) (fam) ( intentar convencer) < persona> to work on (colloq)
    3.
    trabajarse v pron (fam)
    a) <premio/ascenso> to work for
    b) (enf) (fam) < persona> to work on (colloq)
    * * *
    = function, work.
    Ex. The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.
    Ex. He represents how much can be accomplished by someone who has worked from the outside.
    ----
    * acabar de trabajar = clock off + work.
    * dejar de trabajar temporalmente = career break.
    * dejarse el pellejo trabajando = work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * dejarse la piel trabajando = work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * deslomarse trabajando = work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * empezar a trabajar = take + job.
    * en edad de trabajar = working-age.
    * espacio para trabajar = workspace.
    * estudiante que trabaja como auxiliar = student assistant, student aid.
    * familia en la que los dos miembros trabajan = two-parent working family.
    * forma de trabajar = working practice, work practice, business model.
    * hacer que Alguien trabaje exhaustivamente = work + Nombre + to death.
    * manera de trabajar = work practice.
    * matarse trabajando = work + Reflexivo + to death, work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * menú de herramientas para trabajar con gráficos = tool palette.
    * mientras se trabaja = on-the-job.
    * ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.
    * ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.
    * que trabaja desde casa = home-based.
    * que trabajan para él = in its employ.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando un defecto = work (a)round + shortcoming.
    * seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.
    * terminar de trabajar = clock off + work.
    * trabajando = in post.
    * trabajando con ahínco = hard at work.
    * trabajando intensamente = hard at work.
    * trabajando mucho = hard at work.
    * trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.
    * trabajar a distancia = telecommute.
    * trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar a horas intespestivas = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar Algo exhaustivamente = work + Nombre + to death.
    * trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * trabajar a partir de = work forward.
    * trabajar como persona en prácticas = intern.
    * trabajar como prostituta en la calle = work + the streets.
    * trabajar como residente = intern.
    * trabajar como una hormiguita = beaver away.
    * trabajar como un bellaco = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death.
    * trabajar como un loco = work off + Posesivo + shoes.
    * trabajar con = operate to, get into.
    * trabajar conjuntamente = work + back to back, interwork.
    * trabajar con plazos de entrega estrictos = work to + deadlines.
    * trabajar con tesón = work + hard.
    * trabajar de = serve as.
    * trabajar de aprendiz con Alguien = apprentice.
    * trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.
    * trabajar de sol a sol = burn + the candle at both ends, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar durante un período de tiempo = serve + stint.
    * trabajar duro = labour [labor, -USA], toil, slave away.
    * trabajar en = make + a life's work of.
    * trabajar en colaboración = team, interwork.
    * trabajar en colaboración (con) = team up (with).
    * trabajar en común = interwork, pull together.
    * trabajar en equipo = work as + a team.
    * trabajar en grupo = team.
    * trabajar en grupo (con) = team up (with).
    * trabajar en red = network.
    * trabajar estrechamente = work + closely together.
    * trabajar hacia atrás = work backward.
    * trabajar hacia delante = work forward.
    * trabajar hasta caer muerto = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death.
    * trabajar hasta muy tarde = burn + the midnight oil.
    * trabajar horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.
    * trabajar horas extras = work + overtime.
    * trabajar intensamente = work + hard.
    * trabajar juntos = work together, pull together.
    * trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar mejor = work + best.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar mucho = work + hard.
    * trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.
    * trabajar para = in the employ of, act for.
    * trabajar por debajo de su potencia ideal = underload.
    * trabajar por turnos = work on + a rota, work on + a rota system, work + shifts.
    * trabajar sin descanso = work off + Posesivo + shoes, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar sin parar = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar sin preocupaciones = work along.
    * trabajar sin respiro = work at + full tilt.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) ( en empleo) to work

    trabajar jornada completa or a tiempo completo — to work full-time

    trabajar media jornada or (AmL) medio tiempo or (Esp) a tiempo parcial — to work part-time

    ¿en qué trabajas? — what do you do (for a living)?

    trabaja en publicidad — she works o is in advertising

    trabajar DE or COMO algo — to work as something

    2) (en tarea, actividad) to work

    trabajar como una bestia or un negro or (un) chino — to work like a slave

    3) ( actuar) to act, perform

    ¿quién trabaja en la película? — who are the actors o who's in the movie?

    4) (operar, funcionar) to work
    2.
    1)
    a) <campo/tierra> to work
    b) <madera/cuero> to work
    c) < masa> ( con las manos) to knead, work; ( con tenedor) to mix
    2) <género/marca> to sell, stock
    3) (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
    4) (fam) ( intentar convencer) < persona> to work on (colloq)
    3.
    trabajarse v pron (fam)
    a) <premio/ascenso> to work for
    b) (enf) (fam) < persona> to work on (colloq)
    * * *
    = function, work.

    Ex: The DOBIS/LIBIS allows both the library and the computer center to function efficiently and at a lower cost by sharing one system.

    Ex: He represents how much can be accomplished by someone who has worked from the outside.
    * acabar de trabajar = clock off + work.
    * dejar de trabajar temporalmente = career break.
    * dejarse el pellejo trabajando = work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * dejarse la piel trabajando = work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * deslomarse trabajando = work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * empezar a trabajar = take + job.
    * en edad de trabajar = working-age.
    * espacio para trabajar = workspace.
    * estudiante que trabaja como auxiliar = student assistant, student aid.
    * familia en la que los dos miembros trabajan = two-parent working family.
    * forma de trabajar = working practice, work practice, business model.
    * hacer que Alguien trabaje exhaustivamente = work + Nombre + to death.
    * manera de trabajar = work practice.
    * matarse trabajando = work + Reflexivo + to death, work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Posesivo + fingers to the bone.
    * menú de herramientas para trabajar con gráficos = tool palette.
    * mientras se trabaja = on-the-job.
    * ponerse a trabajar en serio = get on with + Posesivo + work, buckle down to, pull up + Posesivo + socks, pull + (a/Posesivo) finger out.
    * ponerse a trabajar por cuenta propia = strike out on + Posesivo + own.
    * que trabaja desde casa = home-based.
    * que trabajan para él = in its employ.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.
    * seguir trabajando aceptando un defecto = work (a)round + shortcoming.
    * seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.
    * seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.
    * terminar de trabajar = clock off + work.
    * trabajando = in post.
    * trabajando con ahínco = hard at work.
    * trabajando intensamente = hard at work.
    * trabajando mucho = hard at work.
    * trabajar a cambio de nada = work for + nothing.
    * trabajar a distancia = telecommute.
    * trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar a horas intespestivas = work + unsocial hours.
    * trabajar Algo exhaustivamente = work + Nombre + to death.
    * trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.
    * trabajar a partir de = work forward.
    * trabajar como persona en prácticas = intern.
    * trabajar como prostituta en la calle = work + the streets.
    * trabajar como residente = intern.
    * trabajar como una hormiguita = beaver away.
    * trabajar como un bellaco = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death.
    * trabajar como un loco = work off + Posesivo + shoes.
    * trabajar con = operate to, get into.
    * trabajar conjuntamente = work + back to back, interwork.
    * trabajar con plazos de entrega estrictos = work to + deadlines.
    * trabajar con tesón = work + hard.
    * trabajar de = serve as.
    * trabajar de aprendiz con Alguien = apprentice.
    * trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.
    * trabajar de sol a sol = burn + the candle at both ends, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar durante un período de tiempo = serve + stint.
    * trabajar duro = labour [labor, -USA], toil, slave away.
    * trabajar en = make + a life's work of.
    * trabajar en colaboración = team, interwork.
    * trabajar en colaboración (con) = team up (with).
    * trabajar en común = interwork, pull together.
    * trabajar en equipo = work as + a team.
    * trabajar en grupo = team.
    * trabajar en grupo (con) = team up (with).
    * trabajar en red = network.
    * trabajar estrechamente = work + closely together.
    * trabajar hacia atrás = work backward.
    * trabajar hacia delante = work forward.
    * trabajar hasta caer muerto = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death.
    * trabajar hasta muy tarde = burn + the midnight oil.
    * trabajar horas extraordinarias = work + overtime.
    * trabajar horas extras = work + overtime.
    * trabajar intensamente = work + hard.
    * trabajar juntos = work together, pull together.
    * trabajar las veinticuatro horas del día = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar mejor = work + best.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar mucho = work + hard.
    * trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.
    * trabajar para = in the employ of, act for.
    * trabajar por debajo de su potencia ideal = underload.
    * trabajar por turnos = work on + a rota, work on + a rota system, work + shifts.
    * trabajar sin descanso = work off + Posesivo + shoes, work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar sin parar = work (a)round + the clock.
    * trabajar sin preocupaciones = work along.
    * trabajar sin respiro = work at + full tilt.

    * * *
    trabajar [A1 ]
    vi
    A (en un empleo) to work
    empiezo a trabajar mañana I start work tomorrow
    ¿a qué hora entras a trabajar ? what time do you start work?
    el lunes no se trabaja Monday is a holiday
    trabajar por su cuenta or por cuenta propia to be self-employed
    los que trabajamos jornada completa or a tiempo completo those of us who work full-time
    trabajar fuera (de casa) or ( AmL) trabajar afuera to go out to work
    trabajar en las minas/en el campo to work in o down the mines/on the land
    trabaja para una compañía extranjera she works for a foreign company
    trabajan a jornal fijo they are paid a fixed daily rate
    trabaja bien aunque le falta experiencia she does her job well o she's a good worker although she lacks experience
    los ponían a trabajar desde niños they were sent out to work from an early age
    trabajar EN algo:
    ¿en qué trabajas? what do you do (for a living)?, what line are you in?, what sort of work do you do?
    trabaja en publicidad she works in o she is in advertising
    trabajar DE or COMO algo to work AS sth
    trabaja de camarero por las noches he works as a waiter in the evenings
    B (en una tarea, actividad) to work
    deja de perder el tiempo y ponte a trabajar stop wasting time and start doing some work o get working
    voy a ir a trabajar un poco a la biblioteca I'm going to go and do some work in the library
    trabajó mucho he worked hard
    nos han tenido trabajando todo el día they've kept us (hard) at it all day ( colloq)
    trabajar EN algo to work ON sth
    estoy trabajando en una novela I'm working on a novel
    trabajamos en la búsqueda de una solución we are working on o working to find a solution
    trabajar EN CONTRA DE/ POR algo:
    trabajamos en contra de la aprobación de la ley we are working to prevent o we are trying to stop the law being passed
    siempre ha trabajado por la paz she has always worked for peace o to promote peace
    trabajar como una bestia or un negro or un enano or un chino ( fam); to work like a slave, to work one's butt off ( AmE colloq), to slog one's guts out ( BrE colloq)
    C (actuar) to act, perform
    ¿quién trabaja en la película? who's in the movie?, who are the actors in the movie?
    ella trabaja muy bien she's a very good performer o actress o she's very good
    trabajó en una película de Saura he was in one of Saura's films
    D
    (operar, funcionar): la empresa trabaja a pérdida the company is running o operating at a loss
    la fábrica está trabajando a tope the factory is working o operating at full capacity
    tienen mucha maquinaria ociosa, sin trabajar they have a lot of spare machinery standing idle
    los motores trabajan al máximo al despegar the engines work o operate o run at full throttle during take off
    haga trabajar su dinero make your money work for you
    hemos logrado que las mareas trabajen para nosotros we have succeeded in harnessing the tides
    el tiempo trabaja en contra nuestra/en nuestro favor time is (working) against us/is on our side
    un problema que hace trabajar el cerebro a problem which exercises the mind
    ■ trabajar
    vt
    A
    1 ‹masa› (con las manos) to knead, work; (con un tenedor) to mix
    2 ‹madera/cuero/oro› to work
    3 ‹campo/tierra› to work
    B ‹género/marca› to sell, stock
    C (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
    hay que trabajar la escena final we must work on the last scene
    tengo que trabajarlo un poco más I have to work on it a bit more o do some more work on it
    D ( fam) (intentar convencer) to work on ( colloq)
    ( fam)
    1 ‹premio/ascenso› to work for
    2 ( enf) ( fam); ‹persona› to work on ( colloq)
    todavía me lo estoy trabajando I'm still working on him
    * * *

     

    trabajar ( conjugate trabajar) verbo intransitivo
    1 ( en general) to work;

    trabajar jornada completa or a tiempo completo to work full-time;
    trabajar media jornada to work part-time;
    trabajar mucho to work hard;
    ¿en qué trabajas? what do you do (for a living)?;
    estoy trabajando en una novela I'm working on a novel;
    trabajar DE or COMO algo to work as sth
    2 ( actuar) to act, perform;
    ◊ ¿quién trabaja en la película who's in the movie?

    verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹campo/tierra/madera› to work


    2 (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
    trabajar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 to work: trabaja de secretaria, she works as a secretary
    trabaja en los astilleros, she works in the shipyard
    trabaja bien, he's a good worker
    2 Cine (actuar) to act: en esta película trabaja mi actriz favorita, my favourite actress is in this movie
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (pulir, ejercitar, estudiar) to work on: tienes que trabajar más el estilo, you have to work on your style
    2 (la madera) to work
    (un metal) to work
    (la tierra) to work, till
    (cuero) to emboss
    2 (comerciar) to trade, sell: nosotros no trabajamos ese artículo, we don't stock that item
    ' trabajar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ánimo
    - bestia
    - bregar
    - cuenta
    - equipo
    - hecha
    - hecho
    - herniarse
    - hormiguita
    - pausa
    - por
    - señorito
    - seria
    - serio
    - vida
    - aunque
    - balde
    - bartola
    - burro
    - campo
    - chequeo
    - clandestinidad
    - comisión
    - deber
    - demasiado
    - deprisa
    - desgana
    - desmayo
    - destajo
    - duro
    - exceder
    - exceso
    - firme
    - grupo
    - huevada
    - ir
    - jornada
    - jornal
    - junto
    - justificar
    - mucho
    - noche
    - rápido
    - servir
    - sistema
    English:
    act
    - agree
    - attuned to
    - away
    - beaver away
    - bone
    - branch out
    - burn
    - bustle
    - clock
    - cut out
    - done
    - dungarees
    - entitlement
    - exercise
    - expect
    - face
    - finger
    - fit
    - flag
    - for
    - free
    - get down to
    - graft
    - habit
    - hard
    - hindrance
    - keep at
    - knock off
    - knuckle down
    - labour
    - mad
    - mean
    - midnight
    - model
    - must
    - nonstop
    - object
    - often
    - overwork
    - pack up
    - plod
    - probation
    - pull together
    - ridesharing
    - set
    - settle down
    - shift
    - slave
    - slog
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [tener un empleo] to work;
    no trabajes tanto you shouldn't work so hard;
    trabajar a tiempo parcial/completo to work part time/full time;
    ¿de qué trabaja? what does she do (for a living)?;
    trabaja de o [m5] como taxista he's a taxi driver, he works as a taxi driver;
    trabajar de autónomo to be self-employed;
    trabajar de voluntario to do voluntary work;
    trabajar en una empresa to work for a firm;
    trabaja en personal she works in personnel;
    trabaja para una multinacional she works for a multinational;
    trabajar por horas to work by the hour;
    trabajar por cuenta propia/ajena to be self-employed/an employee;
    Am
    trabajar afuera to work outside the home;
    Am
    trabajar en casa to work at o from home
    2. [realizar una tarea] to work;
    tiene que trabajar más si quiere aprobar she has to work harder if she wants to pass;
    ponerse a trabajar to get to work;
    está trabajando en un nuevo guión he's working on a new script;
    trabajamos mucho con empresas japonesas we do a lot of business with Japanese companies
    3. [actor] to act;
    trabajaba en “Vértigo” she was in “Vertigo”;
    ¡qué bien trabajan todos! the acting is really good!
    4. [funcionar] to work;
    la central nuclear trabaja ya a pleno rendimiento the nuclear power station is now operating at maximum capacity;
    los pulmones son los que trabajan it demands a lot of your lungs;
    hacer trabajar una máquina to load a machine;
    hacer trabajar un músculo to exercise a muscle
    ♦ vt
    1. [hierro, barro, madera, cuero] to work;
    [la tierra, el campo] to work; [masa] to knead
    2. [vender] [producto, género, marca] to sell, to stock;
    sólo trabajamos esta marca we only sell o stock this brand
    3. [mejorar] to work on o at;
    debes trabajar la pronunciación you need to work on o at your pronunciation;
    trabajar los músculos to build up one's muscles
    4. Fam [convencer]
    trabajar a alguien (para que haga algo) to work on sb (to get them to do sth)
    * * *
    I v/i work;
    trabajar de camarero work as a waiter
    II v/t work; tema, músculos work on;
    trabajar media jornada work part-time
    * * *
    1) : to work
    trabaja mucho: he works hard
    trabajo de secretaria: I work as a secretary
    2) : to strive
    trabajan por mejores oportunidades: they're striving for better opportunities
    3) : to act, to perform
    trabajar en una película: to be in a movie
    1) : to work (metal)
    2) : to knead
    3) : to till
    4) : to work on
    tienes que trabajar el español: you need to work on your Spanish
    * * *
    trabajar vb to work
    ¿de qué trabajas? what do you do?

    Spanish-English dictionary > trabajar

  • 57 früh

    früh [fry:] adj
    1) ( nicht spät) early;
    \früh am [o am \frühen] Morgen early in the morning;
    in \früher/\früh[e]ster Kindheit in one's early childhood/very early in one's childhood
    2) ( vorzeitig) early;
    ein \früher Tod an early [or untimely] death
    der \frühe Goethe the young Goethe; Werke early;
    ein \früher Picasso an early Picasso;
    ein Werk des \frühen Mozart an early work by Mozart, a work by the young Mozart
    adv early;
    Montag \früh Monday morning;
    \früh genug in good time;
    daran wirst du dich noch \früh genug gewöhnen müssen there's no two ways about it. you'll just have to get used to it;
    etw nicht \früh genug tun to not do sth soon enough;
    sich zu \früh freuen, zu \früh jubeln to crow too soon;
    freu' dich bloß nicht zu \früh! don't count your chickens before they're hatched ( prov)
    von \früh bis spät from morning till night, from dawn till dusk; s. a. heute, morgen

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > früh

  • 58 Г-396

    ВГОНЯТЬ/ВОГНАТЬ (ЗАГНАТЬ, УЛОЖИТЬ, СВОДИТЬ/СВЕСТИ) В ГРОБ кого coll VP subj: human or, less often, abstr usu. pfv) to cause s.o. 's death (by treating him cruelly, worrying him excessively etc)
    X Y-a в гроб вгонит - X will drive Y to the (to an early) grave
    X will send Y to the (to Y's, to an early) grave X will be the death of Y.
    «Мой муж - тиран, он - ужасный, ужасный человек... Он меня в гроб вгонит...» (Сологуб 1). "My husband is a tyrant.
    Не is a terrible, terrible man....He is driving me to the grave..." (1a).
    «Господи, за что же мне это такое наказание! - трясясь от негодования, причитала мать. -...Ты скоро вгонишь меня в гроб раньше времени, негодяй!.. Сил моих больше нет!» (Максимов 2). "Lord, what have I done to deserve this punishment?" his mother wailed, shaking with indignation. "You'll drive me to an early grave, you little horror!...I've reached the end of my tether!" (2a).
    Стрельба идет темная, веб живое похоронилось, а он (Григорий) в одну душу: пНайди ее (Аксинью), иначе в гроб вгоню!"» (Шолохов 4). "Неге they are blazing away at us, every living thing's taken cover, but he (Grigory) keeps at me, 'Find her (Aksinya) or IH send you to your grave!'" (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Г-396

  • 59 вгонять в гроб

    • ВГОНЯТЬ/ВОГНАТЬ <ЗАГНАТЬ, УЛОЖИТЬ, СВОДИТЬ/СВЕСТИ> В ГРОБ кого coll
    [VP; subj: human or, less often, abstr; usu. pfv]
    =====
    ⇒ to cause s.o.'s death (by treating him cruelly, worrying him excessively etc):
    - X Y-a в гроб вгонит≈ X will drive Y to the < to an early> grave;
    - X will send Y to the <to Y's, to an early> grave;
    - X will be the death of Y.
         ♦ "Мой муж - тиран, он - ужасный, ужасный человек... Он меня в гроб вгонит..." (Сологуб 1). "My husband is a tyrant. He is a terrible, terrible man.... He is driving me to the grave..." (1a).
         ♦ "Господи, за что же мне это такое наказание! - трясясь от негодования, причитала мать. -...Ты скоро вгонишь меня в гроб раньше времени, негодяй!.. Сил моих больше нет!" (Максимов 2). "Lord, what have I done to deserve this punishment?" his mother wailed, shaking with indignation. "You'll drive me to an early grave, you little horror!...I've reached the end of my tether!" (2a).
         ♦ "Стрельба идёт темная, всё живое похоронилось, а он [Григорий] в одну душу: "Найди ее [Аксинью], иначе в гроб вгоню!"" (Шолохов 4). "Here they are blazing away at us, every living thing's taken cover, but he [Grigory] keeps at me, 'Find her [Aksinya] or I'll send you to your grave!'" (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вгонять в гроб

  • 60 вогнать в гроб

    • ВГОНЯТЬ/ВОГНАТЬ <ЗАГНАТЬ, УЛОЖИТЬ, СВОДИТЬ/СВЕСТИ> В ГРОБ кого coll
    [VP; subj: human or, less often, abstr; usu. pfv]
    =====
    ⇒ to cause s.o.'s death (by treating him cruelly, worrying him excessively etc):
    - X Y-a в гроб вгонит≈ X will drive Y to the < to an early> grave;
    - X will send Y to the <to Y's, to an early> grave;
    - X will be the death of Y.
         ♦ "Мой муж - тиран, он - ужасный, ужасный человек... Он меня в гроб вгонит..." (Сологуб 1). "My husband is a tyrant. He is a terrible, terrible man.... He is driving me to the grave..." (1a).
         ♦ "Господи, за что же мне это такое наказание! - трясясь от негодования, причитала мать. -...Ты скоро вгонишь меня в гроб раньше времени, негодяй!.. Сил моих больше нет!" (Максимов 2). "Lord, what have I done to deserve this punishment?" his mother wailed, shaking with indignation. "You'll drive me to an early grave, you little horror!...I've reached the end of my tether!" (2a).
         ♦ "Стрельба идёт темная, всё живое похоронилось, а он [Григорий] в одну душу: "Найди ее [Аксинью], иначе в гроб вгоню!"" (Шолохов 4). "Here they are blazing away at us, every living thing's taken cover, but he [Grigory] keeps at me, 'Find her [Aksinya] or I'll send you to your grave!'" (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > вогнать в гроб

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  • death — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ early, premature, untimely ▪ The president s untimely death has thrown the country into chaos. ▪ sudden, unexpected ▪ immediate …   Collocations dictionary

  • early — 1. adjective 1) early copies of the book Syn: advance, forward; initial, preliminary, first; pilot, trial Ant: late 2) an early death Syn: untimely …   Thesaurus of popular words

  • early — 1. adjective 1) early copies of the book Syn: advance, initial, preliminary, first 2) an early death Syn: untimely, premature, unseasonable 3) early man S …   Synonyms and antonyms dictionary

  • Death by Stereo — Origin Orange County, California, USA Genres Hardcore punk Metalcore[1] Years active 1996 – pr …   Wikipedia

  • Death of Jeremiah Duggan — Date 27 March 2003 (2003 03 27) Location Berliner Straße, Bundesstraße 455, Wiesbaden, Germany Burial …   Wikipedia

  • Early Roman Christian Cemeteries —     Early Roman Christian Cemeteries     † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Early Roman Christian Cemeteries     This article treats briefly of the individual catacomb cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome. For general information on the Roman catacombs, see …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Death Magnetic — Studio album by Metallica Released Sept …   Wikipedia

  • Early Modern Britain — is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Major historical events in Early Modern British history include the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation,… …   Wikipedia

  • Death/doom — Stylistic origins Death metal, doom metal Cultural origins Late 1980s, various locations Typical instruments Electric guitar Bass guitar Drums Mainstream popularity Largely unde …   Wikipedia

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