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1 Inter Entity Boundary Line
Politico-military term: IEBLУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Inter Entity Boundary Line
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2 граничный член
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3 граничный член
boundary term мат.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > граничный член
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4 граничный член
Mathematics: boundary term -
5 अन्त
ántam. end, limit, boundary, term;
end of a texture;
end, conclusion;
end of life, death, destruction (in these latter senses some times neut.);
a final syllable, termination;
last word of a compound;
pause, settlement, definite ascertainment, certainty;
whole amount;
border, outskirt (e.g.. grāmâ̱nte, in the outskirts of the village);
nearness, proximity, presence;
inner part, inside;
condition, nature;
(e) loc. c. in the end, at last;
in the inside;
(am) ind. as far as (ifc. e.g.. udakâ̱ntam, as far as the water);
(mfn.), near, handsome, agreeable L. ;
+ cf. Goth. andeis, Theme andja;
Germ. Ende;
Eng. end:
with anta are alsoᅠ compared the Gk. ἄντα, ἀντί;
Lat. ante;
the Goth. anda in anda-vaurd, etc.;
andᅠ the Germ. ent e.g.. in entsagen
- अन्तकर
- अन्तकरण
- अन्तकारिन्
- अन्तकाल
- अन्तकृत्
- अन्तकृद्दशा
- अन्तग
- अन्तगत
- अन्तगति
- अन्तगामिन्
- अन्तगमन
- अन्तचर
- अन्तज
- अन्तजाति
- अन्ततस्
- अन्तदीपक
- अन्तपाल
- अन्तभव
- अन्तभाज्
- अन्तरत
- अन्तलीन
- अन्तलोप
- अन्तवत्
- अन्तवह्नि
- अन्तवासिन्
- अन्तवेला
- अन्तशय्या
- अन्तसत्क्रिया
- अन्तसद्
- अन्तस्थ
- अन्तस्वरित
- अन्तादि
- अन्तावसायिन्
- अन्तवशायिन्
- अन्तेवसायिन्
- अन्तेवास
- अन्तेवासिन्
- अन्तोदात्त
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6 граница
boundary, cutoff, deadline, margin, term, thresholdРусско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > граница
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7 término
m.1 term, word, definition, expression.2 end, completion, termination, tag end.3 fixed period of time, term.4 end of the line, end of the road.5 terminus.* * *1 (fin) end, finish2 (estación) terminus, terminal4 (plazo) term, time, period5 (palabra) term, word6 (estado) condition, state7 (lugar, posición) place8 (en matemáticas, gramática) term1 (condiciones) conditions, terms\dar término a algo to conclude somethingen otros términos in other wordsen términos de in terms ofen términos generales generally speakingen último término figurado as a last resortinvertir los términos to get it the wrong way roundllevar algo a buen término to carry something through successfullyponer término a algo to put an end to somethingpor término medio on averageprimer término ARTE foregroundtérmino mayor/medio/menor major/middle/minor termtérmino medio middle ground, area of compromisetérmino municipal districttérminos de un contrato DERECHO terms of a contract* * *noun m.1) term2) end* * *SM1) (=fin) end, conclusion frm•
al término del partido/del debate — at the end o frm conclusion of the match/of the debatedio término a la obra que su antecesor dejó sin concluir — he completed the work that his predecessor had left unfinished
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llegar a término — [negociación, proyecto] to be completed, come to a conclusion; [embarazo] to go to (full) term•
llevar algo a término — to bring sth to a conclusionllevar algo a buen o feliz término — to bring sth to a successful conclusion
llevar a término un embarazo — to go to (full) term, carry a pregnancy to full term
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poner término a algo — to put an end to sth2) (=lugar)en primer término podemos contemplar la torre — in the foreground, we can see the tower
de ahí se deduce, en primer término, que... — thus we may deduce, firstly, that...
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segundo término — middle distancecon la recesión el problema pasó a un segundo término — with the recession the problem took second place
la decisión, en último término, es suya — ultimately, the decision is his
la causa fue, en último término, la crisis económica de los 70 — the cause was, in the final o last analysis, the economic crisis of the 70s
en último término puedes dormir en el sofá — if the worst comes to the worst, you can always sleep on the sofa
término medio — (=punto medio) happy medium; (=solución intermedia) compromise, middle way
ni mucho ni poco, queremos un término medio — neither too much nor too little, we want a happy medium
como o por término medio — on average
3) (Ling) (=palabra, expresión) termera una revolucionaria, en el buen sentido del término — she was a revolutionary in the good sense of the word
4) pl términosa) (=palabras) termshan perdido unos 10.000 millones de dólares en términos de productividad — they have lost some 10,000 million dollars in terms of productivity
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en términos generales — in general terms, generally speaking•
(dicho) en otros términos,... — in other words...b) (=condiciones) [de contrato, acuerdo, tregua] terms•
estar en buenos términos con algn — to be on good terms with sb5) (Mat, Fil) [de fracción, ecuación] term6) (=límite) [de terreno] boundary, limit; (=en carretera) boundary stonetérmino municipal — municipal district, municipal area
7) (=plazo) period, term frmen el término de diez días — within a period o frm term of ten days
-¿qué término quiere la carne? -término medio, por favor — "how would you like the meat?" - "medium, please"
9) (Ferro) terminus* * *1) (frml) ( final) end, conclusion (frml)2) ( plazo) perioda término fijo — (Col) <contrato/inversión> fixed-term (before n)
en el término de la distancia — (Col fam) in the time it takes me/him to get there
3) (posición, instancia)en primer término — first o first of all
4) (Ling) term5) (Fil, Mat) terminvertir los términos — (Mat) to invert the terms
invirtió los términos de manera que... — he twisted the facts in such a way that...
6) términos masculino plural (condiciones, especificaciones) terms (pl)estar en buenos/malos términos con alguien — to be on good/bad terms with somebody
7) (Col, Méx, Ven) (Coc)¿qué término quiere la carne? — how would you like your meat (done)?
* * *= term, rubric, output stage, end point [endpoint].Ex. Many other terms are used to denote a regurgitation or abbreviation of document content.Ex. And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.Ex. To rephrase this in terms already used, they involve effort at the input stage in order to reduce effort at the output stage = Expresando esto con términos ya usados, suponen un esfuerzo en la etapa inicial con objeto de reducir el esfuerzo en la etapa final.Ex. The process reaches its end point when information is gathered, indexed and compiled into a useful format for public and library staff use.----* aceptar los términos de un acuerdo = enter into + agreement.* acuñar un término = coin + term.* agrupar los términos sinónimos = merge + synonyms.* análisis de coocurrencia de términos = co-word analysis.* búsqueda por términos ponderados = weighted term search.* como término medio = on average.* coocurrencia de términos = co-word [coword].* encontrar un término medio entre... y = tread + a middle path between... and.* en otros términos = in other words.* en términos absolutos = in absolute terms.* en términos actuales = in today's terms.* en términos claros = in simple terms.* en términos de = in terms of.* en términos generales = in broad terms, generally speaking.* en términos reales = in real terms, in actual practice.* en términos relativos = in relative terms.* en último término = in the last analysis, in the final analysis.* expresar en términos = couch + in terms.* ficha de término = term card.* fichero de registro por término = term record file.* hablando en términos generales = loosely speaking.* hablando en términos muy generales = crudely put.* incluir en la búsqueda los términos relacionados = explode.* índice de registro por término = term record index.* índice de términos permutados = Permuterm index.* intentar encontrar un término medio entre... y... = tread + a delicate line between... and.* llevar a buen término = bring to + a close.* lógica de términos ponderados = weighted term logic.* método de la coocurrencia de términos = co-word method.* mostrar los términos relacionados = expand.* negociar los términos de un contrato = negotiate + terms.* orden de ampliar la búsqueda a los términos relaci = explode command.* orden de mostrar los términos relacionados = expand command.* ponderación de los términos de la ecuación de búsqueda = query term weighting.* ponderación de términos = term weight, term weighting.* poner término a = put + paid to.* por término medio = on average.* presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.* que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.* que se puede identificar con un término = nameable.* referencias laterales a términos de igual especificidad = sideways link.* resolución de la ambigüedad entre términos = term disambiguation, word sense disambiguation.* seguro de vida a término = term life insurance.* selección de términos = extraction of terms, term selection.* tener por término medio = average.* término admitido = preferred term.* término al que se envía = target term.* término asociado = related term.* Término Asociado (TA) = AT (Associated Term).* término buscado = sought term.* término colectivo = collective term.* término compuesto = multi-word term.* término compuesto de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept term.* término coordinado (TC) = CT (co-ordinate term).* término de acción = action term.* término de búsqueda = search term, search word.* término de indización = indexing term.* término de indización controlado = controlled index term, controlled indexing term.* término de la búsqueda = query term.* término del índice = index term.* término del lenguaje controlado = controlled-language term.* término del lenguaje de indización controlado = controlled index-language term.* término del lenguaje natural = natural-language term.* término del que se envía = referred-from term.* término de origen = referred-from term.* término equivalente = equivalent term.* término específico = specific term, subordinate term.* término específico genérico (NTG) = narrower term generic (NTG).* término específico partitivo (NTP) = narrower term partitive (NTP).* término general = superordinate term.* término genérico (TG) = GT (generic term).* término global = umbrella, umbrella term.* término impreciso = fuzzy term.* término inicial = lead-in term, leading term.* termino inicial de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead term, main heading.* término invertido = inverted term.* término más específico = narrower term.* término más general = broader term, wider term.* término más genérico = broader term.* término medio = compromise, happy medium, balance.* término no admitido = non-preferred term, unused term.* término no buscado = unsought term.* término oculto = hidden term.* término partitivo = partitive term.* término ponderado = weighted term.* término principal = main term.* término que representa un único concepto = one concept term.* término que solapa a otro en el significado (TX) = XT (overlapping term).* término referenciado = target term.* términos = wording.* términos controlados = controlled terms.* términos de un contrato = contract stipulations.* término secundario = qualifying term.* término sinónimo = ST, synonymous term.* término sin ponderar = unweighted term.* término superior = top term, TT.* términos y condiciones = terms and conditions.* términos y condiciones de la licencia = licence terms and conditions, licence terms.* tomar por término medio = average.* TR (término relacionado) = RT (related term).* * *1) (frml) ( final) end, conclusion (frml)2) ( plazo) perioda término fijo — (Col) <contrato/inversión> fixed-term (before n)
en el término de la distancia — (Col fam) in the time it takes me/him to get there
3) (posición, instancia)en primer término — first o first of all
4) (Ling) term5) (Fil, Mat) terminvertir los términos — (Mat) to invert the terms
invirtió los términos de manera que... — he twisted the facts in such a way that...
6) términos masculino plural (condiciones, especificaciones) terms (pl)estar en buenos/malos términos con alguien — to be on good/bad terms with somebody
7) (Col, Méx, Ven) (Coc)¿qué término quiere la carne? — how would you like your meat (done)?
* * *= term, rubric, output stage, end point [endpoint].Ex: Many other terms are used to denote a regurgitation or abbreviation of document content.
Ex: And, as another instance, it's not fair to employ rubrics for ethnic groups that are not their own, preferred names.Ex: To rephrase this in terms already used, they involve effort at the input stage in order to reduce effort at the output stage = Expresando esto con términos ya usados, suponen un esfuerzo en la etapa inicial con objeto de reducir el esfuerzo en la etapa final.Ex: The process reaches its end point when information is gathered, indexed and compiled into a useful format for public and library staff use.* aceptar los términos de un acuerdo = enter into + agreement.* acuñar un término = coin + term.* agrupar los términos sinónimos = merge + synonyms.* análisis de coocurrencia de términos = co-word analysis.* búsqueda por términos ponderados = weighted term search.* como término medio = on average.* coocurrencia de términos = co-word [coword].* encontrar un término medio entre... y = tread + a middle path between... and.* en otros términos = in other words.* en términos absolutos = in absolute terms.* en términos actuales = in today's terms.* en términos claros = in simple terms.* en términos de = in terms of.* en términos generales = in broad terms, generally speaking.* en términos reales = in real terms, in actual practice.* en términos relativos = in relative terms.* en último término = in the last analysis, in the final analysis.* expresar en términos = couch + in terms.* ficha de término = term card.* fichero de registro por término = term record file.* hablando en términos generales = loosely speaking.* hablando en términos muy generales = crudely put.* incluir en la búsqueda los términos relacionados = explode.* índice de registro por término = term record index.* índice de términos permutados = Permuterm index.* intentar encontrar un término medio entre... y... = tread + a delicate line between... and.* llevar a buen término = bring to + a close.* lógica de términos ponderados = weighted term logic.* método de la coocurrencia de términos = co-word method.* mostrar los términos relacionados = expand.* negociar los términos de un contrato = negotiate + terms.* orden de ampliar la búsqueda a los términos relaci = explode command.* orden de mostrar los términos relacionados = expand command.* ponderación de los términos de la ecuación de búsqueda = query term weighting.* ponderación de términos = term weight, term weighting.* poner término a = put + paid to.* por término medio = on average.* presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.* que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.* que se puede identificar con un término = nameable.* referencias laterales a términos de igual especificidad = sideways link.* resolución de la ambigüedad entre términos = term disambiguation, word sense disambiguation.* seguro de vida a término = term life insurance.* selección de términos = extraction of terms, term selection.* tener por término medio = average.* término admitido = preferred term.* término al que se envía = target term.* término asociado = related term.* Término Asociado (TA) = AT (Associated Term).* término buscado = sought term.* término colectivo = collective term.* término compuesto = multi-word term.* término compuesto de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept term.* término coordinado (TC) = CT (co-ordinate term).* término de acción = action term.* término de búsqueda = search term, search word.* término de indización = indexing term.* término de indización controlado = controlled index term, controlled indexing term.* término de la búsqueda = query term.* término del índice = index term.* término del lenguaje controlado = controlled-language term.* término del lenguaje de indización controlado = controlled index-language term.* término del lenguaje natural = natural-language term.* término del que se envía = referred-from term.* término de origen = referred-from term.* término equivalente = equivalent term.* término específico = specific term, subordinate term.* término específico genérico (NTG) = narrower term generic (NTG).* término específico partitivo (NTP) = narrower term partitive (NTP).* término general = superordinate term.* término genérico (TG) = GT (generic term).* término global = umbrella, umbrella term.* término impreciso = fuzzy term.* término inicial = lead-in term, leading term.* termino inicial de un encabezamiento compuesto = lead term, main heading.* término invertido = inverted term.* término más específico = narrower term.* término más general = broader term, wider term.* término más genérico = broader term.* término medio = compromise, happy medium, balance.* término no admitido = non-preferred term, unused term.* término no buscado = unsought term.* término oculto = hidden term.* término partitivo = partitive term.* término ponderado = weighted term.* término principal = main term.* término que representa un único concepto = one concept term.* término que solapa a otro en el significado (TX) = XT (overlapping term).* término referenciado = target term.* términos = wording.* términos controlados = controlled terms.* términos de un contrato = contract stipulations.* término secundario = qualifying term.* término sinónimo = ST, synonymous term.* término sin ponderar = unweighted term.* término superior = top term, TT.* términos y condiciones = terms and conditions.* términos y condiciones de la licencia = licence terms and conditions, licence terms.* tomar por término medio = average.* TR (término relacionado) = RT (related term).* * *al término de la reunión at the end o conclusion of the meetingllevar a buen término las negociaciones to bring the negotiations to a successful conclusiondio or pulso término a sus vacaciones he ended his vacationB (plazo) perioden el término de una semana within a weekC(posición, instancia): fue relegado a un segundo término he was relegated to second placeen último término as a last resorten primer término first o first of allCompuestos:happy mediumpara él no hay términos medios there's no happy medium o no in-between with himpor or como término medio on average( Esp) municipal areaen el término municipal de Alcobendas within the Alcobendas municipal area o ( AmE) city limitsD ( Ling) termglosario de términos científicos glossary of scientific termsse expresó en términos elogiosos she spoke in highly favorable termssoluciones eficientes en términos de costos y mantenimiento efficient solutions in terms of costs and maintenanceen términos generales no está mal generally speaking, it's not baden términos reales in real termsinvertir los términos ( Mat) to invert the termsinvirtió los términos de manera que yo parecía el culpable he twisted the facts in such a way that it looked as if I was to blamesegún los términos de este acuerdo according to the terms of this agreementestar en buenos/malos términos con algn to be on good/bad terms with sbnuestra relación sigue en buenos términos our relationship remains on a good footing o we are still on good termsG(Col, Méx) ( Coc): ¿qué término quiere la carne? how would you like your meat (done)?* * *
Del verbo terminar: ( conjugate terminar)
termino es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
terminó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
terminar
término
terminar ( conjugate terminar) verbo transitivo ‹trabajo/estudio› to finish;
‹casa/obras› to finish, complete;
‹discusión/conflicto› to put an end to;
término la comida con un café to end the meal with a cup of coffee
verbo intransitivo
1 [ persona]
término de hacer algo to finish doing sth;
va a término mal he's going to come to a bad end;
terminó marchándose or por marcharse he ended up leaving
2
esto va a término mal this is going to turn out o end badlyb) ( rematar) término EN algo to end in sth;
c) ( llegar a):
no terminaba de gustarle she wasn't totally happy about it
3
‹con problema/abuso› to put an end to sthb) término con algn ( pelearse) to finish with sb;
( matar) to kill sb
terminarse verbo pronominal
1 [azúcar/pan] to run out;
2 [curso/reunión] to come to an end, be over
3 ( enf) ‹libro/comida› to finish, polish off
término sustantivo masculino
1 (posición, instancia):
término medio happy medium;
por término medio on average
2 (Ling) term;
3
4 (Col, Méx, Ven) (Coc):◊ ¿qué término quiere la carne? how would you like your meat (done)?
terminar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una tarea, objeto) to finish: ya terminó el jersey, she has already finished the pullover ➣ Ver nota en finish 2 (de comer, beber, gastar) to finish: te compraré otro cuando termines este frasco, I'll buy you another one when you finish this bottle
II verbo intransitivo
1 (cesar, poner fin) to finish, end: mi trabajo termina a las seis, I finish work at six o'clock
no termina de creérselo, he still can't believe it
(dejar de necesitar, utilizar) ¿has terminado con el ordenador?, have you finished with the computer?
(acabar la vida, carrera, etc) to end up: terminó amargada, she ended up being embittered
2 (eliminar, acabar) este niño terminará con mi paciencia, this boy is trying my patience
tenemos que terminar con esta situación, we have to put an end to this situation
3 (estar rematado) to end: termina en vocal, it ends with a vowel
terminaba en punta, it had a pointed end
término sustantivo masculino
1 (vocablo) term, word: respondió en términos muy corteses, he answered very politely
un término técnico, a technical term
2 (fin, extremo) end
3 (territorio) el término municipal de Arganda, Arganda municipal district
4 (plazo) contéstame en el término de una semana, give me an answer within a week
5 términos mpl (de un contrato, etc) terms
en términos generales, generally speaking 6 por término medio, on average
♦ Locuciones: figurado en último término, as a last resort
' término' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- distraerse
- fin
- índice
- infarto
- nariz
- radical
- tecnicismo
- terminar
- terminarse
- costa
- despectivo
- empate
- estación
- mico
- muela
English:
average
- baby
- culminate
- feud
- misnomer
- more
- on
- over
- rattle through
- Secretary of State
- term
- blow
- have
- liability
- medium
- next
- no
- note
- terminate
* * *término nm1. [fin] end;al término de la reunión se ofrecerá una rueda de prensa there will be a press conference at the conclusion of the meeting;dar término a algo [discurso, reunión, discusión] to bring sth to a close;[visita, vacaciones] to end;llegó a su término it came to an end;llevar algo a buen término to bring sth to a successful conclusion;poner término a algo [relación, amenazas] to put an end to sth;[discusión, debate] to bring sth to a closesu carrera como modelo ha quedado en un segundo término y ahora se dedica al cine her modelling career now takes second place to her acting;en último término [en cuadros, fotografías] in the background;[si es necesario] as a last resort; [en resumidas cuentas] in the final analysis3. [punto, situación] point;llegados a este término hay que tomar una decisión we have reached the point where we have to take a decisiontérmino medio [media] average; [arreglo] compromise, happy medium;por término medio on average4. [palabra] term;lo dijo, aunque no con o [m5] en esos términos that's what he said, although he didn't put it quite the same way;en términos generales generally speaking;en términos de Freud in Freud's words;los términos del acuerdo/contrato the terms of the agreement/contract6. [relaciones]estar en buenos/malos términos (con) to be on good/bad terms (with)8. [plazo] period;en el término de un mes within (the space of) a month9. [de línea férrea, de autobús] terminus10. [linde, límite] boundary* * *m1 end, conclusion;poner término a algo put an end to sth;llevar a término bring to an end2 ( palabra) term;en términos generales in general terms3:4:por término medio on average;en primer término in the foreground;en último término as a last resort5 ( periodo):en el término de in the period of, in the space of* * *término nm1) conclusión: end, conclusion2) : term, expression3) : period, term of office4)término medio : happy medium5) términos nmpl: terms, specificationslos términos del acuerdo: the terms of the agreement* * *término n1. (en general) term2. (fin) end -
8 límite
m.1 limit, boundary, border, borderline.2 breaking point.3 limit, cap.4 ora, edge.* * *1 (extremo) limit; (en un terreno) boundary2 (frontera) boundary\sin límites boundlesstodo tiene un límite there's a limit to everythinglímite de velocidad speed limit* * *noun m.1) limit2) border, boundary* * *1. SM1) [gen] limitpodrá presentarse cualquiera, sin límite de edad — anyone can apply, regardless o irrespective of age, anyone can apply, there's no age limit
eran exámenes larguísimos, sin límite de tiempo — the exams were very long, there was no time limit
•
como o de límite, tenemos como o de límite el sábado para presentar el trabajo — the deadline for submitting our work is Saturday•
poner (un) límite a, han puesto un límite de participantes — they have put a limit o restriction on the number of participantsnos pusieron un límite de dinero para gastar — they put a restriction on o limited the amount of money we had to spend
pretenden poner límite a la investigación sobre embriones — they aim to put tighter controls on research into embryos, they aim to restrict o curb research into embryos
•
sin límites — limitless•
no tener límites — to know no boundslímite de crédito — (Com) credit limit
2) (Geog, Pol) boundary, borderlímite forestal — tree line, timber line
3) (Inform)4) (=final) end2.ADJ INV extreme, maximum* * *1) (Geog, Pol) boundary2)a) ( cifra máxima) limitponer un límite a algo — to limit o restrict something
b) (tope, extremo) limitbondad sin límites — unlimited o boundless goodness
3) (como adj inv)* * *= bound, boundary, cut-off point, to what extent, borderline, frontier, confine, fringe, limit, cut off [cutoff], shore, breaking point, ceiling.Ex. A subject which is perceived as being entirely contained within the bounds of another will have its 'circle' totally within the boundaries of the domain for the broader subject.Ex. Note the different definitions, and the different boundaries for this one subject area.Ex. The names of Muslim authors throughout the classical period, for which the cut-off point is around the year 1800, were made up of the following elements.Ex. Clearly an index must permit access to a document by its central theme, but, to what extent should access be provided to secondary or subsidiary topics considered within a document?.Ex. Both approaches have in common, however, the problem of establishing a borderline between public interest and private initiative.Ex. Start afresh, think anew; the frontiers are boundless.Ex. For a century we have been repeating inanities and keeping up this timid, non-committal retreat from society, but if we think of ourselves as communicating librarians we may see our inescapable involvement within the confines (but the illimitable confines) of our profession.Ex. The university is located 15 miles from the center of town on the southern fringe.Ex. The Catalogue Module has no limit on the length of a record, and a single field can be up to 200 characters in length.Ex. It is assumed that the sum of those units receiving top priority status is less than the current budgeted amount and that a cut off will occur at some point.Ex. People have employed this term to encompass programmes of study stretching from the furthest shores of technology-based activity to the vaguest and most nebulous-seeming courses of study in the arts/humanities areas.Ex. Every night thousands of illegal aliens cross into Arizona and the people there are truly at the breaking point.Ex. The Taiwan government is planning to lift the subsidy ceiling for solar equipment makers aiming to increase self-sufficiency to 80%.----* alcanzar el límite de = reach + the limits of.* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + posibilidades = reach + the limits of + Posesivo + potential.* averiguar el límite de Algo = plumb + the depths of.* confudir los límites entre = blur + the lines between.* confundir los límites entre = blur + the boundaries between.* con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.* dentro de los límites de = within the bounds of.* dentro de unos límites = within limits.* desaparición de los límites = blurring of boundaries.* desdibujar los límites = blur + the lines between.* establecer límites = draw + limits.* establecer un límite = set + limit.* exceder un límite = exceed + limit.* fecha límite = cut-off date, closing date, deadline.* fijar un límite = set + cut-off point.* hasta el límite de = to the limits of.* hasta el límite de las posibilidades de Algo = to + Posesivo + full potential.* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.* límite de edad = age limit.* límite de las nieves perpetuas = snowline.* límite de tiempo = time limit.* límite de velocidad = speed limit.* límite fluctuante = moving wall.* límite inferior = lower bound.* límite máximo = upper limit.* límite, punto de ruptura = breaking point.* límites + desaparecer = boundaries + crumble.* límites de una propiedad = metes and bounds.* límite superior = upper limit, upper bound.* llegar al límite = reach + the breaking point.* llegar al límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.* llevar a Alguien al límite = push + Alguien + over the edge, drive + Alguien + over the edge.* llevar al límite = stretch.* marcar los límites = mark out.* no existir límites = there + be + no limit.* no haber límites = there + be + no limit.* no hay límite(s) = the sky is the limit.* no tener límite = have + no limit.* no tener límites = be boundless.* pasarse del límite = overrun [over-run].* ser el límite = be the limit.* sin límite = without limit, without stint, interminably.* sin límite(s) = unbounded, unfettered, unstinting, unstintingly, the sky is the limit.* * *1) (Geog, Pol) boundary2)a) ( cifra máxima) limitponer un límite a algo — to limit o restrict something
b) (tope, extremo) limitbondad sin límites — unlimited o boundless goodness
3) (como adj inv)* * *= bound, boundary, cut-off point, to what extent, borderline, frontier, confine, fringe, limit, cut off [cutoff], shore, breaking point, ceiling.Ex: A subject which is perceived as being entirely contained within the bounds of another will have its 'circle' totally within the boundaries of the domain for the broader subject.
Ex: Note the different definitions, and the different boundaries for this one subject area.Ex: The names of Muslim authors throughout the classical period, for which the cut-off point is around the year 1800, were made up of the following elements.Ex: Clearly an index must permit access to a document by its central theme, but, to what extent should access be provided to secondary or subsidiary topics considered within a document?.Ex: Both approaches have in common, however, the problem of establishing a borderline between public interest and private initiative.Ex: Start afresh, think anew; the frontiers are boundless.Ex: For a century we have been repeating inanities and keeping up this timid, non-committal retreat from society, but if we think of ourselves as communicating librarians we may see our inescapable involvement within the confines (but the illimitable confines) of our profession.Ex: The university is located 15 miles from the center of town on the southern fringe.Ex: The Catalogue Module has no limit on the length of a record, and a single field can be up to 200 characters in length.Ex: It is assumed that the sum of those units receiving top priority status is less than the current budgeted amount and that a cut off will occur at some point.Ex: People have employed this term to encompass programmes of study stretching from the furthest shores of technology-based activity to the vaguest and most nebulous-seeming courses of study in the arts/humanities areas.Ex: Every night thousands of illegal aliens cross into Arizona and the people there are truly at the breaking point.Ex: The Taiwan government is planning to lift the subsidy ceiling for solar equipment makers aiming to increase self-sufficiency to 80%.* alcanzar el límite de = reach + the limits of.* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.* alcanzar el límite de + Posesivo + posibilidades = reach + the limits of + Posesivo + potential.* averiguar el límite de Algo = plumb + the depths of.* confudir los límites entre = blur + the lines between.* confundir los límites entre = blur + the boundaries between.* con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.* dentro de los límites de = within the bounds of.* dentro de unos límites = within limits.* desaparición de los límites = blurring of boundaries.* desdibujar los límites = blur + the lines between.* establecer límites = draw + limits.* establecer un límite = set + limit.* exceder un límite = exceed + limit.* fecha límite = cut-off date, closing date, deadline.* fijar un límite = set + cut-off point.* hasta el límite de = to the limits of.* hasta el límite de las posibilidades de Algo = to + Posesivo + full potential.* la imaginación no tiene límites = your imagination is the limit.* límite de edad = age limit.* límite de las nieves perpetuas = snowline.* límite de tiempo = time limit.* límite de velocidad = speed limit.* límite fluctuante = moving wall.* límite inferior = lower bound.* límite máximo = upper limit.* límite, punto de ruptura = breaking point.* límites + desaparecer = boundaries + crumble.* límites de una propiedad = metes and bounds.* límite superior = upper limit, upper bound.* llegar al límite = reach + the breaking point.* llegar al límite de + Posesivo + capacidad = stretch + Nombre + beyond the breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to breaking point, stretch + Nombre + to the limit.* llevar a Alguien al límite = push + Alguien + over the edge, drive + Alguien + over the edge.* llevar al límite = stretch.* marcar los límites = mark out.* no existir límites = there + be + no limit.* no haber límites = there + be + no limit.* no hay límite(s) = the sky is the limit.* no tener límite = have + no limit.* no tener límites = be boundless.* pasarse del límite = overrun [over-run].* ser el límite = be the limit.* sin límite = without limit, without stint, interminably.* sin límite(s) = unbounded, unfettered, unstinting, unstintingly, the sky is the limit.* * *el límite norte del país the country's northern border o boundarylos límites de la propiedad the boundaries of the propertyB1 (cifra máxima) limitel límite de edad es de 25 años the age limit is 25no hay límite de tiempo there is no time limitel límite de velocidad the speed limitno puede gastar lo que quiera, tiene un límite she can't spend what she likes, she has to keep within a limitpusieron un límite al número de llamadas they limited o restricted the number of calls2 (tope, extremo) limitmi paciencia ha llegado a su límite I've reached the limit of my patiencesu generosidad no conoce límites his generosity knows no limits o boundsbondad sin límites unlimited o boundless goodnessla situación está llegando a límites insostenibles the situation is becoming untenableno te lo consiento, todo tiene un límite I won't allow it, enough is enough o there are limitsCompuestos:credit limitspending limitweight limittolerance levelC ( como adj inv):tiempo límite time limitsituación límite extreme situationes un caso límite it's a borderline casefecha límite final date, deadline, closing date* * *
Del verbo limitar: ( conjugate limitar)
limité es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
limite es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
limitar
límite
limitar ( conjugate limitar) verbo transitivo ‹funciones/derechos› to limit, restrict
verbo intransitivo límite con algo [país/finca] to border on sth
limitarse verbo pronominal:◊ el problema no se limita a las ciudades the problem is not confined o limited to cities;
me limité a repetir lo dicho I just repeated what was said
límite sustantivo masculino
1 (Geog, Pol) boundary
2 ( tope) limit;
su ambición no tiene límites his ambition knows no limits;
sin límites unlimited;
¡todo tiene un límite! enough is enough!
3 ( como adj inv):
situación límite extreme situation;
fecha límite deadline
limitar
I verbo transitivo to limit, restrict: tengo que limitar mis gastos, I have to limit my spending
II verbo intransitivo to border: limita al norte con Francia, at North it borders on France
límite sustantivo masculino
1 limit
2 Geog Pol boundary, border: está en el límite de lo legal, it is on the law borderline
II adjetivo
1 (tope) limit
fecha límite, deadline
(máximo) la temperatura límite es de 200 grados, the maximum temperature is 200 degrees
situación límite, extreme situation
' límite' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bordear
- estiramiento
- extrema
- extremo
- fecha
- freno
- hasta
- rebasar
- salirse
- sobrepasar
- techo
- tope
- traspasar
- umbral
- exceder
- limitar
- salir
English:
boundary
- ceiling
- cut-off
- deadline
- designate
- exceed
- limit
- limitless
- line
- obsession
- quota
- rope
- time limit
- border
- breaking
- closing
- credit
- cut
- dead
- sell
- speed
* * *límite nm1. [tope] limit;al límite at the limit;dentro de un límite within limits;tiene una amabilidad sin límites his kindness knows no bounds;su pasión no tiene límite her passion knows no bounds;está trabajando al límite de sus posibilidades she's working at full stretch;estoy al límite de mis fuerzas I've reached the limit of my strength;me dejan estar conectado a Internet sin límite de tiempo I have unlimited access to the Internet;mi paciencia tiene un límite my patience has limits;no hay límite de edad there's no age limitFin límite de crédito credit limit;límite de velocidad speed limit2. [confín] boundary;el límite norte de la finca the northernmost boundary of the property3. Mat limit4. [como adjetivo] [precio, velocidad, edad] maximum;[situación] extreme; [caso] borderline;fecha límite de entrega: 15 de junio deadline for submissions: 15 June* * *I m1 limit;sin límites limitlessII adj:situación límite extreme situation;caso límite borderline case* * *límite nm1) : boundary, border2) : limitel límite de mi paciencia: the limit of my patiencelímite de velocidad: speed limit3)fecha límite : deadline* * *límite n1. (punto máximo) limit -
9 termine
m end( confine) limit( parola) termtermini pl di consegna terms of deliverytermine tecnico technical terma breve/lungo termine in the short/long termin altri termini in other wordsvolgere al termine come to an end* * *termine s.m.1 ( confine) boundary; ( limite) limit (anche fig.): il fiume segna il termine del podere, the river marks the boundary of the farm; porre un termine a qlco., to set a limit to sthg.; rimanere entro i termini, (fig.) to remain within limits; tutto si può dire se si resta nei termini del buongusto, you are free to say whatever you want provided you don't exceed the limits of good taste2 ( limite di tempo, data) term; date, time: termine di scadenza, due (o expiry) date; il termine per la presentazione della domanda scadrà domani, tomorrow is the expiry date for sending in the application; entro i termini prescritti, within the set time limit (o prescribed time); termine ultimo, improrogabile, deadline; il lavoro deve essere finito entro il termine convenuto, the work must be finished within the term (o period) agreed upon; nel termine di sei mesi, within (the space of) six months; fissare un termine, to fix a date (o deadline); prolungare il termine, to extend the time (limit) // (banca): a lungo, breve termine, long-term, short-term; cambiale a breve termine, short-dated bill; obbligazioni a breve termine, short bonds // (comm.): termine di consegna, delivery term (o date); vendita a termine, forward sale; pagamento entro i termini stabiliti, on-term payment // (dir.) contratto a termine, forward (o time) contract // ( assicurazioni) polizza a termine, time policy // (Borsa): termini a pronti, spot terms; mercato a termine, futures market3 ( compimento, fine) end, close: al termine della riunione, at the end (o close) of the meeting; (sport) cinque giri al termine, five laps to the end; la lezione avrà termine alle quattro, the lesson will end at four; condurre a termine, to carry out; condurre a termine un lavoro, to carry out a job; giungere a un termine, to come to an end; mettere, porre termine a qlco., to put an end to sthg.; portare a termine un affare, to conclude a deal4 ( condizione, elemento costituente) term; main point: termini di un accordo, terms of an agreement; l'affare è stato definito in questi termini, the business has been presented in these terms; non conosco ancora i termini della questione, I still don't know what the main points of the question are; la situazione sta in questi termini, these are the main points of the question; non posso accettare i suoi termini, I cannot accept his terms // essere in buoni termini con qlcu., to be on good terms with s.o. // (dir.): i termini di un contratto, the terms of a contract; termini di legge, law terms; ai termini di legge, legally (o according to the law); termini processuali, terms of proceeding; termine ordinatorio, perentorio, dilatorio, non peremptory, peremptory, dilatory term // (comm.): termini di scambio, terms of trade; questi sono i termini del pagamento, these are the terms of payment5 ( parola, espressione) term, word: termine scientifico, tecnico, scientific, technical term; contraddizione in termini, contradiction in terms; in altri termini, in other words; una lettera nei seguenti termini, a letter reading as follows; parlò di te nei termini più favorevoli, he spoke about you in the most favourable terms; misurare, pesare i termini, to weigh one's words // modera i termini!, don't use such strong language! // usare, esprimersi in mezzi termini, to beat about the bush; senza mezzi termini, frankly // a rigor di termini, strictly speaking6 (mat., log.) term: i termini di una espressione matematica, the terms of a mathematical expression; i termini di un paragone, the terms of a comparison; ridurre una frazione ai minimi termini, to reduce a fraction to its lowest terms* * *['tɛrmine] 1.sostantivo maschile1) end, conclusional termine della riunione, dell'estate — at the end of the meeting, of summer
portare a termine — to carry out [progetto, operazione, esperimento, studio]; to carry through [riforma, compito]; to bring off [ impresa]; to close [ vendita]; to finish [opera, costruzione]; to conclude [ affare]
porre termine a qcs. — to put a stop to sth., to bring sth. to an end
un bambino (nato) a termine — a baby born at term, a term baby
2) (limite di tempo fissato) time-limit, term; (data limite) final date, expiry datetermine improrogabile, massimo — deadline
entro i -i previsti o stabiliti within the agreed time-limit; entro un termine di 6 mesi within 6 months; fare qcs. entro il termine stabilito to do sth. within the prescribed time; fissare un termine to fix a deadline, to set a time-limit; termine ultimo per le iscrizioni deadline, closing date for registration; a breve, medio, lungo termine [prestito, problema, strategia] short-, medium-, long-term; [titoli, investimenti] short-, medium-, long-dated; contratto a termine — temporary o terminable contract
3) (parola) term, wordtermine tecnico, medico — technical, medical term
è una contraddizione in -i — it's a contradiction in terms o a self-contradiction
modera i -i per favore! — watch your language, please!
senza mezzi -i — in the strongest possible terms, in no uncertain terms
4) mat. termridurre qcs. ai minimi -i — fig. to reduce sth. to the lowest common denominator o to the lowest terms
5) ling.2.sostantivo maschile plurale termini1) (condizioni) termssecondo i -i del contratto — under o by the terms of the contract
a(i) -i di legge — within the meaning of the act, as by law enabled
in -i di profitto, produttività — in terms of profit, productivity
•termine di paragone — ling. element of comparison
* * *termine/'tεrmine/I sostantivo m.1 end, conclusion; al termine della riunione, dell'estate at the end of the meeting, of summer; portare a termine to carry out [progetto, operazione, esperimento, studio]; to carry through [riforma, compito]; to bring off [ impresa]; to close [ vendita]; to finish [opera, costruzione]; to conclude [ affare]; portare a termine una gravidanza to carry a pregnancy through to full term; porre termine a qcs. to put a stop to sth., to bring sth. to an end; un bambino (nato) a termine a baby born at term, a term baby2 (limite di tempo fissato) time-limit, term; (data limite) final date, expiry date; termine improrogabile, massimo deadline; entro i -i previsti o stabiliti within the agreed time-limit; entro un termine di 6 mesi within 6 months; fare qcs. entro il termine stabilito to do sth. within the prescribed time; fissare un termine to fix a deadline, to set a time-limit; termine ultimo per le iscrizioni deadline, closing date for registration; a breve, medio, lungo termine [prestito, problema, strategia] short-, medium-, long-term; [titoli, investimenti] short-, medium-, long-dated; contratto a termine temporary o terminable contract3 (parola) term, word; termine tecnico, medico technical, medical term; in altri -i in other words; è una contraddizione in -i it's a contradiction in terms o a self-contradiction; mi perdoni il termine if you'll excuse the expression; modera i -i per favore! watch your language, please! senza mezzi -i in the strongest possible terms, in no uncertain terms4 mat. term; ridurre una frazione ai minimi -i to reduce a fraction to the lowest terms; ridurre qcs. ai minimi -i fig. to reduce sth. to the lowest common denominator o to the lowest terms5 ling. complemento di termine indirect objectII termini m.pl.1 (condizioni) terms; secondo i -i del contratto under o by the terms of the contract; - i di scambio terms of trade; a(i) -i di legge within the meaning of the act, as by law enabled; la questione si pone in questi -i the question is this2 (punto di vista) in -i di in terms of; in -i di profitto, produttività in terms of profit, productivity -
10 ὅρος
Aὄρβος 700.1
); Cret. and Arg. [full] ὦρος SIG685.59, Mnemos.42.332 ; Heracl. [full] ὄρος Tab.Heracl.1.53, al., cf. ἄντορος; [dialect] Ion. [full] οὖρος GDI5518 and 5493b25, Democr.4, Hdt. (v. infr.) (also Theraean IG12(3).436); Megarian [full] ὄρρος (?) Berl.Sitzb.1888.885, cf. ὁμορέω: ὁ:—boundary, landmark,ἀμφ' οὔροισι δύ' ἀνέρε δηριάασθον Il.12.421
;λίθον.., τόν ῥ' ἄνδρες πρότεροι θέσαν ἔμμεναι οὖρον ἀρούρης 21.405
;ἐγὼ δὲ τούτων ὥσπερ ἐν μεταιχμίῳ ὅ. κατέστην Sol.
ap. Arist.Ath.12.5 : the regions separated by the boundary are usu. in gen., , etc.: in dat., (lyr.): with a single gen.,ῥεῖθρον ἠπείροιν ὅρον A.Pr. 790
; γάμου ὅ. the time within which one may marry, Pl.Lg. 785b ; οἱ ὅ. τῶν διαστημάτων the notes which limit the intervals in the musical scale, Id.Phlb. 17d, cf. Aristox. Harm.pp.49,56 M. ;ὅροι τρεῖς ἁρμονίας.., νεάτης τε καὶ ὑπάτης καὶ μέσης Pl.R. 443d
; ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα οὖρον τῆς ζόης ἀνθρώπῳ προτίθημι I set the limit of human life at seventy years, Hdt.1.32, cf. 74, 216;ζωᾶς ὅρον ἡμετέρας B.5.144
: abs., εἰς τὸν τόπον.., ἐν οἷς ἂν.. ὅρους θῶνται τῶν ὠνίων wherever (they) appoint fixed places for trading, Pl.Lg. 849e; decision of a magistrate,ὅρον δώσω PThead.15.20
(iii A.D.); soὅρον προσγράψαι D.23.40
;ὅρους τοῖς βαρβάροις πήξαντες Lycurg.73
;εἷς ὅρος παγήσεται Th.4.92
;τὸν ὅρον ὑπερβάντες Pl.R. 373d
, etc.: also in pl., bounds, boundaries,ἐν οὔροισι χώρης Hdt.4.52
, cf. 125;τοὺς Αἰγυπτίων οὔρους Id.2.17
;ὑπὸ Κυλλάνας ὅροις Pi.O.6.77
;γῆς ἐπ' ἐσχάτοις ὅροις A.Pr. 666
;τὸ ἀκόντιον ἔξω τῶν ὅ. τῆς αὑτοῦ πορείας.. ἐξενεχθὲν ἔτρωσεν αὐτόν Antipho 3.2.4
;ἐντὸς ὅρων Ἡρακλείων Pl.Ti. 25c
.2 metaph.,ὅροι θεσπεσίας ὁδοῦ A.Ag. 1154
(lyr.); θῆλυς ὅ. the boundary of a woman's mind, v. ἐπινέμω 11.3.b pillar (whether inscribed or not, cf. Harp.) set up on mortgaged property, to serve as a bond or register of the debt, Sol.36 ;ὅπως.. ὅροι τεθεῖεν Is.6.36
: with gen. of the amount, τίθησιν ὅρους ἐπὶ μὲν τὴν οἰκίαν δισχιλίων (sc. δραχμῶν),ἐπὶ δὲ τὸ χωρίον ταλάντου D.31.1
, cf. 25.69 ;δανείζειν τοὺς ἱερέας.. ἐπὶ χωρίῳ.. καὶ ὅρον ἐφιστάναι IG22.1183.29
, cf. D. 41.6, Thphr.Char.10.9 : specimens are IG12(7).412 ([place name] Amorgos), 22.2642,al.c boundary-stone marking the limits of temple-lands, ὅ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ ib.12.858, cf. 860,22.2597, al.; ὅρος· μὴ τοιχοδομεῖν ἐντὸς τῶν ὅρων ἰδιώτην ib.7.422 (Orop.), cf. 1785 (Thesp.), etc. ; ὅ. κρήνης, λεσχέων δημοσίων, ὁδοῦ, etc., ib.12.874,888,877, etc. ; similarly, ὅ. σήματος ib.903, al., 22.2568, al.; ὅ. μνημάτων ib.12.906; ὅ. μνήματος ib.22.2527, al.; ὅ. θήκης ib.2586, al.III standard, measure, ἢν δ' ἄγαν δοκῶ χρονίζειν.. Answ. τοῦδ' ὅ. τίς ἐστί μοι; E.IT 1219 ;ὅροι τῶν ἀγαθῶν καὶ κανόνες D.18.296
; rule, canon,εἷς ὅρος, μία βροτοῖσίν ἐστιν εὐτυχίας ὁδός B.Fr.7
;ὅρον πολιτείας ὁλιγαρχικῆς ταξάμενοι πλῆθος χρημάτων Pl.R. 551a
;ἀριστοκρατίας ὅρος ἀρετή, ὀλιγαρχίας πλοῦτος Arist.Pol. 1294a10
;ὁμολογίᾳ θέμενοι ὅρον, εἰς τοῦτο ἀποβλέποντες καὶ ἀναφέροντες τὴν σκέψιν ποιώμεθα Pl.Phdr. 237d
: hence, end, aim,ἕν' ὅ. θέμενος παντὶ τρόπῳ μ' ἀνελεῖν D.21.105
.IV in Logic, term of a proposition (whether subject or predicate), Arist.APr. 24b16, Cael. 282a1, al. ; ὅ. μέσος the middle term, Id.EN 1142b24, cf. APr. 25b33 sq.: hence,b definition,ἔστι ὅ. λόγος ὁ τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι σημαίνων Id.Top. 101b39
, cf. 139a24, al. ; defined asἡ τοῦ ἰδίου ἀπόδοσις Chrysipp.Stoic.2.75
: in pl., title of pseudo-Platonic work.3 pl., terms, conditions,συνθέσθαι πρός τινα ἐπὶ ὅροις, ὥστε.. CPR19.8
(iv A.D.).4 Astrol., οἱ τρεῖς ὅ. the three terms, used in various calculations, Vett. Val.304.1, al. (Spir. lenis in some dialects which have not lost spir. asper is inferred from absence of a sign for h in Corc. ὄρϝος, Arg.ὦρος, Heracl. ὄρος, cf. ἄντορος.) -
11 слой
layer, coat, thickness
- (покрытие) — coating
- (краски, смазки) — coat
- (толщина материала) — thickness
the pad consists of two thicknesses of cotton-wool and a thickness of left.
- атмосферных осадков на bпп — precipitated layer on runway
-, вялый пограничный — slow boundary layer
-, густой — heavy coat
-, защитный — protective coating
-, защитный (консервирующий) — preservative coat
-, изолирующий — insulating layer
- корда (покрышки) — fabric layer
-, ламинарный (возд. потока) (рис. 142) — laminar layer
- ламинарный, пограничный — laminar boundary layer
in fluid flow, layer next to a fixed boundary.
-, легкий — light coat
- легко срабатываемого покрытия (на лабиринтном уплотнении) — (labyrinth) seal layer
- льда — ice layer
-, нестационарный пограничный — unsteady boundary layer
-, облачный — cloud layer
-, окисный (пленка окислов) — oxide film
-, плоский пограничный — two-dimensional boundary
-, поверхностный — surface layer
-, пограничный — boundary layer
часть воздушного потока, непосредственно прилегающая к поверхности тела, в которой проявляется вязкость воздуха и происходит постепенное нарастание скорости от нуля на самой поверхности до местной скорости обтекания (рис. 142). — the layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface, in fluid mechanics, the layer affected by viscosity of the fluid, referring ambiguously the laminar boundary layer, turbulent boundary layer, or surface boundary layer.
-, пространственный пограничный — three-dimensional boundary layer
- протектора (шины) — tire tread
- протектора (шины), резиновый — (tire) tread filler gum
-, равномерный (клея, краски) — uniform coat apply uniform coat of adhesive.
- снега, тонкий — light coating of snow
тонкий слой снега на крылe не влияет на взлетные характеристики самолета. — а light coating of snow on the wing will not affect takeoff performance.
- стекла — layer of glass
- стекла (остекления кабин) — pane
данный термин относится к одному из слоев многослойного стекла. напр., внешнее стекло окна состоит из двух секлянных слоев, одного винилового слоя и одного токопроводящего слоя (для обогрева). — the term оpaneп refers to one of the layers that make up а window panel. for example, the window outer panel has two plate glass panes, one vinyl pane and an electric conductive film (to heat the window).
-, теплоизоляционный — heat-insulating layer
-, термоизоляционный (воздуxa для защиты сгорания от перегрева) — thermal boundary. air serves as tflermal boundary to protect combustion chamber from extreme temperatures.
-, толстый — heavy coating
-, тонкий — light coat
нанести тонкий слой масла на поверхности стальных деталей, не имеющие покрытий. — apply а light coat of lubrieating oil to any bare steel surfaces.
-, турбулентный — turbulent layer
-, фрикционный (тормозного диска) — friction pad (material)
-, фрикционный (феррадо) протяженность облачного с. давать высохнуть после нанесения каждого слоя (краски) — (iron-based) friction pad horizontal extent of cloud let dry between coats (or coatings)
наносить с. — apply coat
смазывать тонким с. масла — apply а light coat of oilРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > слой
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12 предел
1) General subject: Pillars (Straits) of Hercules, bitter end, border, bound, bounds, bracket, butt, butting, circumscription, compass, confine, dead-line, delimitation, end, extent, flash point, flash-point, limit, line, marge, margin, mark, measure, outpass, pale, precinct, range, reach, scope, stint, term, termination, tether, tiptop, top notch, ultimate, verge4) Colloquial: corker6) Literal: low-water mark (чего-либо), summit7) Military: overhead8) Engineering: boundary value, extreme, limen (физиологический), limitation, margin (рабочего режима)9) Agriculture: (допускаемый) margin10) Rare: terminus12) Railway term: audible limit, dangerous point, extremity (напр. подошвы рельса)13) Economy: ceiling, dent (напр. при повышении цен)14) Accounting: margin (напр. доходности), point15) Automobile industry: terminal16) Diplomatic term: dent (при повышении цен), margin (чего-л.)17) Forestry: range (измерений), tolerance18) Metallurgy: breaking point, range (напр. содержания, температуры)19) Oil: cutoff20) Banking: cap22) Mass media: horizon23) Business: extreme limit, utmost25) Sakhalin energy glossary: cutoff26) Automation: containment boundary, deadline, level change value, limit value, limiting value27) Quality control: (допустимый) margin29) Makarov: Pillars of Hercules, Straits of Hercules, bounding, brim, circumference, confidence limit, confines, flashing-point, low-water mark (низший), margin (допускаемый), mete, terminating30) Cement: limited range -
13 ограничение
1) General subject: abridgement, abridgement (свободы, прав), abridgment (прав), abridgment (свободы, прав), banking (хода маятника), bordering, bound, bounds, circumscription, confinement, constraint (свободы), constriction, contraction, corset, entailment, holdback, lid, limitation, localizing, prejudice, qualification, reserve, restraint, restriction, stint, swaddle, tether, curb, minimisation, rationing, shortage2) Computers: compatibility constraints, contingency3) Medicine: limit4) Colloquial: (резкое) lid, soft pedal5) American: string6) Literal: red line7) Military: localization (распространения), overhead, taboo9) Agriculture: boundary10) Mathematics: assumption, bracketing (с обеих сторон), condition, delimitation, hypotheses, hypothesis, predicate, reduit, term11) Railway term: chopping12) Law: abridgement (напр. прав, привилегий), abridgement (например, прав, привилегий), abridgement (прав), abridgment (например, прав, привилегий), circumscription (прав, интересов), coercion (свободы), disablement, restraint (свободы)13) Economy: bar, bars, brake, clamp (напр. роста цен), clampdown, constraint (в математическом смысле), crackdown (напр. заработной платы)14) Accounting: curb (напр. роста цен), drag (напр. роста инвестиций), squeeze (кредита), termination15) Automobile industry: limiting16) Diplomatic term: austerity, cap, clamp (роста цен), curb (напр., роста цен), limitation (какого-л. права, полномочия)17) Logics: reduct18) Telecommunications: bottleneck, saturation19) Jargon: crimp21) Oil: restraining22) Special term: banking (хода маятника и т.п.)23) Astronautics: confining, constrain, constraint24) Geophysics: obstacle25) Advertising: limiting factor, safeguard26) Business: control, curtailment, cutoff, demarcation, narrowing27) SAP. delimiting, handicap28) Microelectronics: terracing29) Automation: containment boundary, ease-off30) leg.N.P. proviso, restrain31) Makarov: abridgement (of) (прав и т.п.), abridgment (напр. прав, привилегий), abridgment (of) (прав и т.п.), bounding, circumscription (прав и т.п.), confinedness, confinement (свободы, движения), constraint (деформации, степеней свободы), cut (цен), cutting (цен), delimitation (одного элемента от другого), hedge, imitation, pinching, prevention, terminating, truncation32) Security: containment, screening (доступа)33) Electrical engineering: (одностороннее) clipping -
14 terminus
terminus ī, m [1 TER-], a boundary-line, boundary, bound, limit: de terminis contentio: templi, L.: possessionum.—Person., Termmus, the deity presiding over boundaries, L., H., O.— Fig., a bound, limit, end, term <*> in amicitiā fines, et quasi termini diligendi: nullis terminis circumscribere aut definire ius suum: terminos pangere: gloriae, Cu.— An end, term: vitae: senectutis.* * *boundary, limit, end; terminus -
15 mpaka
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] boundary[English Plural] boundaries[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka[Swahili Example] ilikuwa nje kidogo ya mipaka ya kijiji [Mun][English Example] it was a little outside the village boundaries------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] border[English Plural] borders[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka[Swahili Example] Amin alitangaza kwa jeuri kabisa kuwa amebadili mipaka [Nyerere, Masomo 274]; Kwa upande wa uvuvi, sehemu inayosifika sana ni ile kati ya Kipini na mpaka wa Kenya na Somalia [Masomo 155][English Example] Amin announced completely arbitrarily that he had changed the borders; With respect to fishing the place that is most highly regarded is that between Kipini and the border of Kenya and Somalia.------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] frontier[English Plural] frontiers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] limit[English Plural] limits[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] division[English Plural] divisions[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] barrier[English Plural] barriers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -piga mpaka[English Word] set a boundary[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] piga------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -piga mpaka[English Word] establish a boundary[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] piga------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -piga mpaka[English Word] draw a limit[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] piga------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -weka mpaka[English Word] set a boundary[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] weka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -weka mpaka[English Word] establish a boundary[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] weka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -weka mpaka[English Word] draw a limit[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] weka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka mmoja[English Word] bordering[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] mmoja------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka mmoja[English Word] neighboring[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] mmoja------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka mmoja[English Word] contiguous[Part of Speech] adjective[Related Words] mmoja------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] time limit[English Plural] time limits[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] mipaka[English Word] term[English Plural] terms[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka wa mwisho[Swahili Plural] mipaka ya mwisho[English Word] deadline[English Plural] deadlines[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Related Words] mwisho------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[English Word] until[Part of Speech] preposition[Swahili Example] Hatakuwemo ofisini mwake mpaka saa tano kasa robo; mpaka lini[English Example] She will not be in her office until 10:45; until when/ how long------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[English Word] up to[Part of Speech] preposition------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[English Word] to[Part of Speech] preposition[Swahili Example] kutoka mwanzo mpaka mwisho[English Example] from beginning to end------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka sasa[English Word] up to now[Part of Speech] conjunction[Related Words] sasa------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka lini?[English Word] how long?[Part of Speech] phrase[Related Words] lini------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka lini?[English Word] until when?[Part of Speech] phrase[Related Words] lini------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] wapaka[English Word] one who spreads something[English Plural] ones who spread things[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] paka[Swahili Example] mpaka chokaa[English Example] plasterer------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka[Swahili Plural] wapaka[English Word] one who applies something[English Plural] ones who apply things[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] paka------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka chokaa[Swahili Plural] wapaka chokaa[English Word] plasterer[English Plural] plasterers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] chokaa------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mpaka rangi[Swahili Plural] wapaka rangi[English Word] painter[English Plural] painters[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] rangi------------------------------------------------------------ -
16 межевой знак
1) General subject: landmark, boundary marker2) Geology: land-mark3) Obsolete: merestone4) Agriculture: boundary stone5) Railway term: benchmark6) Automobile industry: boundary post7) Cartography: boundary mount -
17 пограничный знак
1) General subject: mete2) Military: frontier mark3) Law: border mark, border marker, boundary4) Diplomatic term: border sign5) Cartography: boundary post, boundary stone (камень)6) leg.N.P. bound (e.g., of a plot of land)7) Makarov: boundary sign -
18 ὁρίζω
A , ([etym.] δι-) Isoc. 4.174 : [tense] aor. , Pl.Lg. 864e ; [dialect] Ion.οὔρισα Hdt.3.142
: [tense] pf.ὥρικα D.26.24
, Arist.Mete. 382a19 :—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. , Lg. 737d: [tense] aor. , Epicr.11.18, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ὁρισθήσομαι Pl.Tht. 158d
: [tense] aor. : [tense] pf.ὥρισμαι Th.1.71
, Pl.Smp. 182a, etc.; but in med. sense, E.Hec. 801, D.31.5 : ([etym.] ὅρος):— divide or separate from, as a border or boundary, c.acc. et dat., : c. acc. et gen., S.Ph. 636 :—[voice] Pass.,θύρᾳ βαλανωτῇ ὡρισμένην ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνδρωνίτιδος X.Oec. 9.5
; orb with two accs. joined by καί, separate,[λίμνη] οὐρίζει τήν τε Σκυθικὴν καὶ τὴν Νευρίδα γῆν Hdt.4.51
, cf. 56,7.123, Arist.HA 501b16, OGI335.112 (Pergam., ii B. C.), Lyc.1289, etc.;ἐὰν.. κύκλος.. ὁρίζῃ τό τε ἀφανὲς καὶ τὸ φανερὸν ἡμισφαίριον Autol.Sph.4
: henceὁρίζων κύκλος Id.1.1
; v. ὁρίζων.2 bound,τὴν ἀρχὴν ὥριζεν αὐτῷ ἡ Ἐρυθρὰ θάλαττα X.Cyr.8.6.21
;τὰ δὲ πρὸς Τριβαλλοὺς.. Τρῆρες ὥριζον Th.2.96
; of a line (or surface) as limiting a surface (or solid), Arist. Metaph. 1017b17:—[voice] Pass., : metaph., ὡρίσθω μέχρι τοῦδε so far let it go and no further, Th.1.71.4 part, divide,χειμὼν ἄλλοσ' ἄλλον ὥρισεν Id.Hel. 128
; ὁ. τινὰ ἀπὸ.. banish one from.., Id.Hec. 941 (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., ματρὸς ἐκ χερῶν ὁ. depart from.., Id. Ion 1459(lyr.), but very dub. in Ar.Ec. 202; cf. ἐξορίζω (A) 11, 111.II mark out by boundaries, mark out, , cf. 6.108, S.Tr. 754, E.Hel. 1670, IG12.76.54, 42(1).76.19 ([voice] Pass., Epid., ii B.C.), etc.; v. infr. IV. 1: metaph., ὁ. τι ἔς τι limit one thing according to another, Th.3.82.III ordain, determine, lay down, αἶσα τόνδε σοὐρίζει (i.e. σοι ὁρίζει) ( σοι πορίζει M1, σ' ὁ. M2) ;ἡμῖν ὥρισεν σωτηρίαν E.IT 979
;ἐς τήνδε παῖδα ψῆφον ὥρισαν φόνου Id.Hec. 259
;ἡ Δίκη.. ἐν ἀνθρώποισιν ὥρισεν νόμους S.Ant. 452
;[τὸν χρόνον] ὁ νόμος ὁ. Pl.Lg. 864e
;ἀριθμὸς ὁ ὁρίζων τὸ πολὺ καὶ τὸ ὀλίγον X.An.7.7.36
;τὸ δοῦλον γένος πρὸς τὴν ἐλάσσω μοῖραν ὥρισεν θεός E.Fr. 218
;ὁρίσατέ μοι μέχρι πόσων ἐτῶν δεῖ νομίζειν νέους X.Mem.1.2.35
: c. inf.,ἄνακτες ὥρισαν.. θανεῖν ἐμὴν δέσποιναν οὐ ψήφῳ μιᾷ E. Ion 1222
, cf. S.Fr.24 ; ὁ. τινὰ θεόν determine one to be a god, deify, AP12.158.7 (Mel.) ;ὁ. θάνατον εἶναι τὴν ζημίαν Lycurg.65
, cf. Din.1.61 ([voice] Med.) ;θάνατον ὡρικέναι τὴν ζημίαν D.26.24
:—[voice] Pass.,ὧραι ἑκάστοις εἰσὶν ὡρισμέναι Arist.HA 542a19
, etc.; ἐπί τισι ὡρισμένοις on certain definite terms (cf. ῥητός), Id.Pol. 1285b22 ; ἀρχαὶ ἀριθμῷ ὡρισμέναι limited, definite, opp. ἄπειροι, Id.Metaph. 1002b18 ;τόποι ὡ. Id.Cael. 273
a14 ;τὸ ὡρισμένον Id.Mete. 369b29
.2 define a thing, Pl.Chrm. 171a ([voice] Pass.), X.Mem.4.6.4, al.: more freq. in [voice] Med. than [voice] Act., v. infr. IV. 3.IV [voice] Med., mark out for oneself, τίνα ὅρον ὁρίζῃ what criterion do you assign, Pl.Grg. 470b ; στήλας ὁ. set up stones as boundary marks, X.An.7.5.13 ;ὁ. χθόνα
take possession of, take to oneself,A.
Supp. 256 ;γαῖα.. ἣν Πέλοψ ὁρίζεται E.Fr. 696
;ὁ. ἑαυτῷ μέρος τῆς οὐσίας Lys.17.6
: with inf. added,ἱερὸν ὡρίσαντ' ἔχειν E.IT 969
; set up,S.
Tr. 237 (just like ὁρίζειν ib. 754) ; v. ὕπαστρος.2 determine for oneself, get or have a thing determined,ἃ ὡρίσω σὺ δίκαια D.19.241
, cf. v.l. in Lys.2.19 : c. acc. et inf., αὐτὸν πολεμεῖν ὁρίζομαι I lay it down that.., D.9.19 ; τί ποτ' ἄρ' ὡρίσαντο καὶ τίνος γένους εἶναι τὸ φυτόν; Epicr.11.18.3 define a thing,τὴν ἡδονὴν ἀγαθὸν ὁ. Pl.R. 505c
, cf.Sph. 246b ;ὁ. τὰς ἀρετὰς ἀπαθείας τινάς Arist.EN 1104b24
, al. ;ἡδονῇ τε καὶ ἀγαθῷ ὁ. τὸ καλόν Pl.Grg. 475a
;τὸ ζῆν ὁ. δυνάμει αἰσθήσεως Arist.EN 1170a16
, al.: c. acc. et inf.,ὁ. δικαίους εἶναι τοὺς εἰδότας κτλ. X.Mem.4.6.6
, cf. Pl.Tht. 190e, etc.:— [voice] Pass., to be defined,[ἡ αἰδὼς] ὁρίζεται φόβος τις ἀδοξίας Arist.EN 1128b11
; οἷς αἱ φιλίαι ὁρίζονται ib. 1166a2 ;τὸ ὁριζόμενον Id.Top. 141b24
, al.V intr., border upon, .VI as [dialect] Att. law-term, δισχιλίων ὡρισμένος τὴν οἰκίαν having the house marked with ὅροι (cf. ὅρος II) to secure a claim on it for 2, 000 drachmas, D.31.5 ; soχωρίον ὡρισμένον Poll.9.9
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19 ὅρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `border, boundary mark (pole, column, stone), term, limit, mark, appointment, definition' (Att. Cf. Koller Glotta 38, 70ff.).Compounds: Sometimes as 1. member, e.g. ὁρο-θεσία f. `the fixing of boundaries' (hell. inscr., Act. Ap., pap.), as νομο-θεσία a.o., formal from ὁρο-θέ-της (gloss.), comp. of ὅρον θεῖναι with τη-suffix; often as 2. member, e.g. δί-ωρος `with two boundary stones' (Arc. IVa), ἀμφ-ούρ-ιον n. `toll, paid by the seller to the owner of the neighbouring estate as a fixation of the sale' (pap. IIIa, Rhod. inscr. IIa), ἀμφουριασμός m. (*ἀμφουρι-άζω); s. Wilhelm Glotta 14, 68ff., 83, Preisigke Wb. s.v.; zu εὑθυωρία s. v.Derivatives: 1. ὅρία n. pl. (rarely sg.) `borderline, border areas etc.' (Hp., Att., Arc.); 2. ὁρία f. `border' (Att. inscr.); 3. ὅριος `belonging to the border' ( Ζεὺς ὅρ., Pl., D.) = Lat. Terminus (D.H., Plu.); 4. ὁρικός `belonging to definition' (Arist.); 5. ὁρ-αία τεκτονική = gruma, - ιαῖος λίθος (gloss.); 6. ὁρίζω, aor. - ίσαι (Ion. οὑρ-), often w. prefix, e.g. δι- ( ἐπι-δι- etc.), ἀφ-, περι-, προσ-, `to border, to demarcate, to separate, to determine, to define' (IA.) with ( ἀφ-, περι-, δι-)ὅρισμα ( οὔρ-) `limitation, border' (Hdt., E.), ( ἀφ-, περι- etc.) ὁρισμός `limitation, determination etc.' (Att.), ( δι-)ὅρισις (Pl., Arist.), ὁρισ-τής m. `landmarker' (Att., Tab. Heracl.), - τικός `belonging to limitation or determination, limiting, defining' (Arist.). -- 7. ὀρεύς s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [?] *(u̯)eru̯-?Etymology: Not certainly explained. -- An orig. (h) όρϜος (= Corc.) can stand for still older *ϜόρϜος (Schwyzer 306 a. 226 f.) and can be connected wih Lat. urvāre ( amb-) `surround with a (boundary)furrow' (Fest. from Enn., Dig.) as a cognate; the basic noun urvus `circuitus civitatis' (gloss.; transm. urus) can agree except for he ablaut (IE *u̯r̥u̯os against *u̯oru̯os). Here also Osc. uruvú from PItal. * urvā, if with Schulze ZGLE 549 n. 1 a.o. `boundaryfurrow, border' (cf. Vetter Hb. d. ital. Dial. 1, 442). Further connection wih ἐρύω `draw' (s.v.) is then possible. -- Also an alternative basis *ὄρϜος (w. second. asper) can be combined with Lat. urvus (then from *r̥u̯os; to ὀρύ-σσω?, s.v.). -- WP. 1, 293 a. 2, 352 f., W.-Hofmann s. urvus w. further lit. S. also οὑροί and 2. οὖρον.Page in Frisk: 2,425-426Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅρος
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20 Ἰουδαῖος
Ἰουδαῖος, αία, αῖον (Clearchus, the pupil of Aristotle, Fgm. 6 [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 179]; Theophr., Fgm. 151 W. [WJaeger, Diokles v. Karystos ’38, 134–53: Theophrastus and the earliest Gk. report concerning the Judeans or Jews]; Hecataeus of Abdera [300 B.C.]: 264 Fgm. 25, 28, 2a Jac. [in Diod S 1, 28, 2] al.; Polyb.; Diod S; Strabo; Plut.; Epict. 1, 11, 12f, al.; Appian, Syr. 50 §252f, Mithrid. 106 §498, Bell. Civ. 2, 90 §380; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 13; Diog. L. 1, 9; OGI 73, 4; 74, 3; 726, 8; CIG 3418; CB I/2, 538 no. 399b τ. νόμον τῶν Εἰουδέων [on Ἰ. in ins s. RKraemer, HTR 82, ’89, 35–53]; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55; 56 [both III B.C.]; 57 [II B.C.]; BGU 1079, 25 [41 A.D.]; PFay 123, 16 [100 A.D.]; POxy 1189, 9; LXX; TestSol; AscIs 2:7; EpArist; SibOr; Philo, Joseph., Ar., Just., Tat. For a variety of synonyms s. Schürer III 87–91.). Gener. as description of ‘one who identifies with beliefs, rites, and customs of adherents of Israel’s Mosaic and prophetic tradition’ (the standard term in the Mishnah is ‘Israelite’). (Since the term ‘Judaism’ suggests a monolithic entity that fails to take account of the many varieties of thought and social expression associated with such adherents, the calque or loanword ‘Judean’ is used in this and other entries where Ἰ. is treated. Complicating the semantic problem is the existence side by side of persons who had genealogy on their side and those who became proselytes [on the latter cp. Cass. Dio 37, 17, 1; 67, 14, 2; 68, 1, 2]; also of adherents of Moses who recognized Jesus as Messiah [s. Gal 2:13 in 2d below; s. also 2eα] and those who did not do so. Incalculable harm has been caused by simply glossing Ἰ. with ‘Jew’, for many readers or auditors of Bible translations do not practice the historical judgment necessary to distinguish between circumstances and events of an ancient time and contemporary ethnic-religious-social realities, with the result that anti-Judaism in the modern sense of the term is needlessly fostered through biblical texts.)① pert. to being Judean (Jewish), with focus on adherence to Mosaic tradition, Judean, as a real adj. (Philo, In Flacc. 29; Jos., Ant. 10, 265) ἀνὴρ Ἰ. (1 Macc 2:23; 14:33) Judean Ac 10:28; 22:3. ἄνθρωπος 21:39. ἀρχιερεύς 19:14. ψευδοπροφήτης 13:6. ἐξορκισταί 19:13. γυνή (Jos., Ant. 11, 185) 16:1. χώρα Mk 1:5.—But γῆ J 3:22 is to be taken of Judea in the narrower sense (s. Ἰουδαία 1), and means the Judean countryside in contrast to the capital city. Of Drusilla, described as οὔσα Ἰουδαία being Judean or Jewish, but for the view that Ἰ. is here a noun s. 2b.② one who is Judean (Jewish), with focus on adherence to Mosaic tradition, a Judean, Ἰουδαῖος as noun (so predom.). Since Jerusalem sets the standard for fidelity to Israel’s tradition, and since Jerusalem is located in Judea, Ἰ. frequently suggests conformity to Israel’s ancestral belief and practice. In turn, the geographical name provided outsiders with a term that applied to all, including followers of Jesus, who practiced customs variously associated with Judea (note the Roman perception Ac 18:15 [‘Judeans’ at Corinth]; 23:28).ⓐ (ὁ) Ἰ. Judean (w. respect to birth, nationality, or cult) J 3:25; (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 57, 5 [II B.C.] παρʼ Ἰουδαίου=from a Judean) 4:9; 18:35; Ac 18:2, 24; 19:34; Ro 1:16; 2:9f, 17, 28f (on the ‘genuine’ Judean cp. Epict. 2, 9, 20f τῷ ὄντι Ἰουδαῖος … λόγῳ μὲν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἔργῳ δʼ ἄλλο τι); 10:12; Gal 2:14; 3:28; Col 3:11.—Collective sing. (Thu. 6, 78, 1 ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, ὁ Συρακόσιος; EpArist 13 ὁ Πέρσης; B-D-F §139; Rob. 408) Ro 3:1.ⓑ of Drusilla οὔσα Ἰουδαία being a Judean Ac 24:24, but for the simple adjectival sense s. 1 end.ⓒ (οἱ) Ἰουδαῖοι (on the use of the art. B-D-F §262, 1; 3) the Judeans οἱ Φαρισαῖοι κ. πάντες οἱ Ἰ. Mk 7:3; τὸ πάσχα τῶν Ἰ. J 2:13; cp. 5:1; 6:4; 7:2; ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰ. (Appian, Mithrid. 117 §573 Ἰουδαίων βασιλεὺς Ἀριστόβουλος) Mt 2:2; 27:11, 29 (in these three last pass., Ἰ. is used by non-Israelites; Mt’s preferred term is Ἰσραήλ); Mk 15:2 and oft. πόλις τῶν Ἰ. Lk 23:51; ἔθνος τῶν Ἰ. Ac 10:22; λαὸς τῶν Ἰ. 12:11. χώρα τῶν Ἰ. 10:39 (Just., A I, 34, 2; cp. A I, 32, 4 ἡ γῆ Ἰουδαίων). ἄρχων τῶν Ἰ. J 3:1; συναγωγὴ τῶν Ἰ. Ac 14:1a. Cp. J 2:6; 4:22; 18:20. Ἰ. καὶ Ἕλληνες (on the combination of the two words s. B-D-F §444, 2: w. τε … καί) Judeans and Hellenes Ac 14:1b; 18:4; 19:10; 20:21; 1 Cor 1:24; 10:32; 12:13; PtK 2 p. 15, 7; ἔθνη τε καὶ Ἰ.= non-Judeans and Judeans Ac 14:5; cp. ISm 1:2. Ἰ. τε καὶ προσήλυτοι Judeans and proselytes Ac 2:11; cp. 13:43; οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη Ἰ. the Judeans who live among the nations (in the Diaspora) 21:21. Judeans and non-Judeans as persecutors of Christians MPol 12:2; cp. also 13:1; 17:2; 18:1; 1 Th 2:14 (Polytheists, Jews, and Christians Ar. 2, 1).—Dg 1.—Without the art. (cp. 19:3 φαρισαῖοι) Mt 28:15, suggesting that not all ‘Judeans’ are meant, and without ref. to Israel, or Jews, as an entity.ⓓ a Mosaic adherent who identifies with Jesus Christ Judean Gal 2:13; cp. Ac 21:20 and eα below. On Rv 2:9; 3:9 s. Mussies 195.ⓔ in J Ἰουδαῖοι or ‘Judeans’ for the most part (for exceptions s. a and c) constitute two groupsα. those who in various degrees identify with Jesus and his teaching J 8:52; 10:19–21; 11:45; 12:11 al.β. those who are in opposition to Jesus, with special focus on hostility emanating from leaders in Jerusalem, center of Israelite belief and cult; there is no indication that John uses the term in the general ethnic sense suggested in modern use of the word ‘Jew’, which covers diversities of belief and practice that were not envisaged by biblical writers, who concern themselves with intra-Judean (intra-Israelite) differences and conflicts: 1:19; 2:18, 20; 5:10, 15f; 6:41, 52 (a debate); 7:1, 11, 13; 9:18, 22; 10:24, 31, 33 (in contrast to the πολλοί from ‘beyond the Jordan’, 10:40–42, who are certainly Israelites) 11:8; 13:33; 18:14. S. Hdb. exc. on J 1:19 and, fr. another viewpoint, JBelser, TQ 84, 1902, 265ff; WLütgert, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 147ff, Schlatter Festschr. 1922, 137–48; GBoccaccini, Multiple Judaisms: BRev XI/1 ’95, 38–41, 46.—J 18:20 affirms that Jesus did not engage in sectarian activity. Further on anti-Judean feeling in J, s. EGraesser, NTS 11, ’64, 74–90; DHare, RSR, July, ’76, 15–22 (lit.); Hdb. exc. on J 1:19; BHHW II 906–11, 901f, 905.—LFeldman, Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World ’93.—MLowe, Who Were the Ἰουδαῖοι?: NovT 18, ’76, 101–30; idem Ἰουδαῖοι of the Apocrypha [NT]: NovT 23, ’81, 56–90; UvonWahlde, The Johannine ‘Jews’—A Critical Survey: NTS 28, ’82, 33–60; JAshton, ibid. 27, ’85, 40–75 (J).—For impact of Ἰουδαῖοι on gentiles s. ESmallwood, The Jews under Roman Rule fr. Pompey to Diocletian ’81; SCohen, Crossing the Boundary and Becoming a Jew: HTR 82, ’89, 13–33; PvanderHorst, NedTTs 43, ’89, 106–21 (c. 200 A.D.); PSchäfer, Judeophobia, Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World ’97.—On the whole word s. Ἱσραήλ end. For Ἰουδαῖοι in ins s. SEG XXXIX, 1839. M-M. EDNT. TW.
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