base+e

ĕpĭgramma, ătis, n. ( dat. plur. epigrammatis, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 15.— Gen. plur.:

epigrammatōn,

Mart. 1 praef.; 1, 2;

-matum,

Suet. Aug. 85), = epigramma.

An inscription; on the base of a statue, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57;

on an offering,

Nep. Paus. 1, 3;

on tombstones,

Petr. 115 fin.;

as a brand,

id. ib. 103, 4.—

An epigram, Cic. Tusc. 1, 34, 84; id. Arch. 10, 25; Quint. 1, 5, 20; Suet. Caes. 73 et saep.; so the Epigrammata of the poet Martial.

eschăra, ae, f., = eschara.

The base or pedestal of a military engine, Vitr. 10, 17, 20.—

In medic. lang., a scar, scab, Cael. Aur. Tard. 5, 1 fin.

foedus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. dhūmas, smoke; cf.: fumus, fīmus, feteo], foul, filthy, loathsome, ugly, unseemly, detestable, abominable, horrible (class.; cf.: deformis, turpis).

Physically:

cimices foedissimum animal,

Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61:

herba odoris foedi,

id. 20, 16, 63, § 171:

odor,

Cels. 2, 8; 5, 28, 3:

facies,

id. 6, 6, 9:

sapor,

Lucr. 2, 401:

species,

id. 2, 421:

nunc eo tibi videtur foedus, quia illam (vestem) non habet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 32:

immanissimum et foedissimum monstrum,

Cic. Pis. 14, 31:

foeda fit volucris (sc. bubo),

Ov. M. 5, 549:

caput impexa foedum porrigine,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 126:

foeda nigro simulacra fumo,

id. C. 3, 6, 4:

foeda cicatrix,

id. S. 1, 5, 60:

vulnus,

Ov. M. 12, 366:

tergum recentibus vestigiis vulnerum,

Liv. 2, 23, 7; cf. id. 9, 31, 2:

victus,

Hor. A. P. 392:

loca tetra, inculta, foeda, formidolosa,

Sall. C. 52, 13:

tempestates,

Liv. 25, 7, 7; Verg. G. 1, 323:

foedissima tempestas,

Liv. 29, 18, 5:

incendium,

id. 24, 47, 15.—With dat.:

pestilentia foeda homini, foeda pecori,

destructive, Liv. 3, 32, 2.—In the neutr. absol.:

foedum relatu,

Ov. M. 9, 167; cf.

foediora,

Liv. 3, 69, 2.—

Mentally, disgraceful, base, dishonorable, vile, shameful, infamous, foul, etc.:

quo (tyranno) neque tetrius, neque foedius, nec diis hominibusque invisius animal ullum cogitari potest,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius,

id. Att. 8, 11, 4:

luxuria senectuti foedissima,

id. Off. 1, 34, 123:

homo,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

scriptores carmine foedo Splendida facta linunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 236; cf.:

foedissima ludibria,

Quint. 1, 6, 32:

bellum foedissimum,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 3:

genus interitus,

id. ib. 15, 20, 2:

foedus et perniciosus exitus judicii,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

consilium,

Liv. 26, 38, 4:

facinus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

amor,

Lucr. 4, 1158:

ministeria,

Verg. A. 7, 619:

condiciones,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 15:

fuga ducum,

Val. Fl. 6, 723:

exprobratio,

Plin. 18, 26, 66, § 249:

inconsequentia rerum foedissima,

Quint. 8, 6, 50.—In the neutr. with a subject-clause: ludos vero non facere, quid foedius? (shortly before: quid turpius?) Cic. Att. 15, 10:

versum in oratione fieri multo foedissimum est,

Quint. 9, 4, 72.— Hence, adv.: foede, foully, cruelly, basely, horribly: foede divexarier, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106 (Trag. Rel. p. 84 Rib.):

aram turparunt sanguine foede,

Lucr. 1, 85:

foede aliquem distrahere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 14:

laniare crura brachiaque,

Tac. H. 1, 41:

caesa manus juvenum,

Verg. A. 10, 498:

ob admissum foede dictumve superbe,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

servire,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 48: perire Sall. J. 31, 2:

pugnatum est,

Liv. 6, 1, 11:

foedius inde pulsus quam, etc.,

id. 2, 51, 8:

causa agetur foedissime,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4.

foedus, ĕris (for foedus, Ennius wrote fidus, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 86 Müll. Archaic form of the gen. plur. foedesum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 27; v. the letter R), n. [from the root FID; Sanscr. bandh, ligare; v. fido], a league, treaty, compact (cf.: sponsio, pactio).

Polit.:

FOEDERVM, PACIS, BELLI, INDVCIARVM ORATORES FETIALES IVDICESVE SVNTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf. id. Rep. 1, 32:

esse autem tria genera foederum, quibus inter se paciscerentur amicitias civitates regesque,

Liv. 34, 57, 7:

pacem foedusque facere,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; cf.:

oratrices pacis et foederis,

id. Rep. 2, 8:

Ambiorigem sibi societate et foedere adjungunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2, 2:

ne societates, ne foedera nova acciperemus,

Sall. J. 14, 18:

societatem foedere confirmare,

Cic. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

quibus (foederibus) etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

amicitiam et foedus petere, Sall J. 104, 4: foedus facere cum aliquibus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 30, 91; so,

foedus facere,

id. Rep. 3, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 108, 3; Sall. J. 38, 9 al.: ferire, icere, pangere, percutere, v. h. vv.: de foedere decedere, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 1, 10:

foedera negligere, violare, rumpere,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.:

sociorum nominisque Latini jura negligere ac foedera,

id. Rep. 3, 29:

rumpere,

Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10:

violare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; Liv. 28, 44, 7:

rescindere,

Vell. 2, 90, 3:

solvere,

Verg. A. 10, 91:

turbare,

id. ib. 12, 633:

contra foedus facere,

Cic. Balb. 4, 10; Gell. 10, 1, 10:

foedus aequum dare,

Liv. 23, 5, 9 (for which:

ex aequo venire in amicitiam,

id. 7, 30, 2); cf.:

foedere iniquo alligari,

id. 35, 46, 10:

ex foedere,

according to agreement, id. 1, 23, 7; 8, 39, 13. —

Transf., beyond the polit. sphere, in gen., a compact, covenant, agreement, stipulation, bargain:

foedus fecerunt cum tribuno plebis palam, ut ab eo provincias acciperent, quas ipsi vellent, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24; cf.:

foedus frangere,

id. Pis. 12, 28:

inter se facere,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 83:

amorum turpissimorum foedera ferire,

id. Cael. 14, 34:

amicitiae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 1:

hospitii,

Just. 7, 3:

thalami,

i. e. marriage contract, marriage, Ov. M. 7, 403; so,

vitae,

Stat. Th. 2, 112:

communia studii,

Ov. P. 4, 13, 43.—

Poet., of inanim. and abstr. things, a law:

continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis Inposuit natura locis,

Verg. G. 1, 60:

omnes Foedere naturae certo discrimina servant,

Lucr. 5, 924; 5, 57; 6, 906:

foedere certo et premere et laxas dare habenas,

Verg. A. 1, 62:

neve potentis naturae pollue foedus,

Ov. M. 10, 353: caeli foedera, Col. Poët. 10, 219.

ignōbĭlis, e, adj. [in-nobilis (gno-)], unknown.

Lit., in gen. (mostly anteclass.): ubi ego Sosia nolim esse, tu esto sane Sosia;

nunc, quando ego sum, vapulabis, ni hinc abis, ignobilis,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 284:

quis hic est qui oculis meis ob viam ignobilis obicitur?

id. Ps. 2, 1, 18:

peregrina facies hominis atque ignobilis,

id. ib. 4, 2, 9.—

Esp.

Unknown to fame, not renowned, undistinguished, obscure (class.):

quod inglorius sit atque ignobilis ad supremum diem perventurus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 24, 57:

humilis in plebe et ideo ignobilis puerpera,

Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121:

non ignobilis dicendi magister,

Cic. Brut. 91, 315:

ignobilis aevum exigeret,

Verg. A. 7, 776:

maritus,

unknown, App. M. 5, p. 160:

ignobilissimi artifices,

Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 28: civitas ignobilis atque humilis Eburonum, obscure and insignificant, * Caes. B. G. 5, 28, 1:

facies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 9:

vinum ignobilius,

Plin. 23, 1, 20, § 34:

M. Fulcinius Romae argentariam non ignobilem fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 10.—

Of low birth, base-born, ignoble (class.):

ex aliqua familia non ignobili,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 28:

virgo,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 70:

vulgus,

Verg. A. 1, 149:

agmen,

Liv. 10, 20:

regnum Tulli,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 9:

hic novus Arpinas, ignobilis et modo Romae municipalis eques,

Juv. 8, 287.— Adv.: ignōbĭlĭter (late Lat.), meanly:

sepultum,

Eutr. 7, 23:

aedes fastigiata,

Sol. 56, 16.

ignōtus, a, um, Part., from ignosco.

ignōtus, a, um, adj. [in-gnotus, notus].

Pass., unknown.

In gen.:

quamquam ad ignotum arbitrum me appellis: si adhibebit fidem, Etsi est ignotus, notus: si non, notus ignotissimus est,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.:

dubitabitis, judices, quin ab hoc ignotissimo Phryge nobilissimum civem vindicetis?

Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

ignoti homines et repentini quaestores celeriter facti sunt,

id. Brut. 64, 242:

homo ignotus et novus,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

nos pluribus ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17:

longinqua eoque ignotior gens,

Liv. 5, 32, 5:

procedam in aciem adversus ignotos inter se ignorantesque,

Liv. 21, 43, 18; cf.

§ 13: omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 27:

jus applicationis obscurum sane et ignotum patefactum atque illustratum est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

obscurioribus et ignotioribus verbis,

Quint. 7, 3, 13; cf. id. 8, 3, 73; 8, 6, 74:

haec nova et ignota ratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

alter (dies) in vulgus ignotus,

id. Att. 9, 5, 2:

ille tibi non ignotus cursus animi mei,

id. ib. 5, 15, 1:

terrae,

unknown, distant, Tib. 1, 3, 3; ib. 39; cf.: nobilis ignoto diffusus consule Bacchus, unknown, remote with respect to time, i. e. old, Luc. 4, 379.— Subst.: ignō-tum, i, n., that which is unknown. —

Prov.: ignoti nulla cupido,

Ov. A. A. 3, 397.—

In partic., pregn. (for ignobilis, II.), of low birth or condition, lowborn, base, vulgar ( poet.):

quo patre sit natus, num ignota matre inhonestus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 36; cf.:

naso suspendis adunco Ignotos, ut me libertino patre natum,

id. ib. 6 and 24:

Achivi,

the ignoble Greeks, Ov. M. 12, 600:

progenuit tellus ignoto nomine Ligdum,

id. ib. 9, 670:

ignotis perierunt mortibus illi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 108.—

Act. (cf. the Gr. agnôstos), unacquainted with a thing, ignorant of (very rare for ignarus, insciens, inscitus): ignotae iteris sumus, Naev. ap. Non. 124, 28:

simulacra ignotis nota faciebant,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

producere ad ignotos (aliquem),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; Auct. Her. 3, 6, 12; cf.:

ignotos fallit, notis est derisui,

Phaedr. 1, 11, 2; so,

ignoti, faciem ejus cum intuerentur, contemnebant,

Nep. Ages. 8, 1.

ignōtus, a, um, Part., from ignosco.

ignōtus, a, um, adj. [in-gnotus, notus].

Pass., unknown.

In gen.:

quamquam ad ignotum arbitrum me appellis: si adhibebit fidem, Etsi est ignotus, notus: si non, notus ignotissimus est,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.:

dubitabitis, judices, quin ab hoc ignotissimo Phryge nobilissimum civem vindicetis?

Cic. Fl. 17, 40:

ignoti homines et repentini quaestores celeriter facti sunt,

id. Brut. 64, 242:

homo ignotus et novus,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

nos pluribus ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17:

longinqua eoque ignotior gens,

Liv. 5, 32, 5:

procedam in aciem adversus ignotos inter se ignorantesque,

Liv. 21, 43, 18; cf.

§ 13: omnes illacrimabiles Urgentur ignotique longa Nocte,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 27:

jus applicationis obscurum sane et ignotum patefactum atque illustratum est,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

obscurioribus et ignotioribus verbis,

Quint. 7, 3, 13; cf. id. 8, 3, 73; 8, 6, 74:

haec nova et ignota ratio,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16:

alter (dies) in vulgus ignotus,

id. Att. 9, 5, 2:

ille tibi non ignotus cursus animi mei,

id. ib. 5, 15, 1:

terrae,

unknown, distant, Tib. 1, 3, 3; ib. 39; cf.: nobilis ignoto diffusus consule Bacchus, unknown, remote with respect to time, i. e. old, Luc. 4, 379.— Subst.: ignō-tum, i, n., that which is unknown. —

Prov.: ignoti nulla cupido,

Ov. A. A. 3, 397.—

In partic., pregn. (for ignobilis, II.), of low birth or condition, lowborn, base, vulgar ( poet.):

quo patre sit natus, num ignota matre inhonestus,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 36; cf.:

naso suspendis adunco Ignotos, ut me libertino patre natum,

id. ib. 6 and 24:

Achivi,

the ignoble Greeks, Ov. M. 12, 600:

progenuit tellus ignoto nomine Ligdum,

id. ib. 9, 670:

ignotis perierunt mortibus illi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 108.—

Act. (cf. the Gr. agnôstos), unacquainted with a thing, ignorant of (very rare for ignarus, insciens, inscitus): ignotae iteris sumus, Naev. ap. Non. 124, 28:

simulacra ignotis nota faciebant,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

producere ad ignotos (aliquem),

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; Auct. Her. 3, 6, 12; cf.:

ignotos fallit, notis est derisui,

Phaedr. 1, 11, 2; so,

ignoti, faciem ejus cum intuerentur, contemnebant,

Nep. Ages. 8, 1.

imprŏbus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

Lit.

Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

opera araneorum et textura inproba,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 24:

panis,

Mart. 10, 5, 5:

improbiores postes,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

tua sum opera et propter te inprobior,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.—

Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive:

genua,

Col. 6, 1, 3:

arva,

Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22):

Chilones a labris improbioribus,

Charis. p. 78 P.:

mons,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

tegmina plantae,

Val. Fl. 6, 702:

improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora,

Mart. 12, 18, 13:

villus barbarum in capris,

Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

reptatus (vitium),

id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838:

imber improbior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).—

Transf., of mind and character.

Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.:

pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus,

Verg. G. 1, 146:

tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce,

id. ib. 1, 388:

quatit improbus hastam,

id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.—

Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).

Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.:

qui improbi essent et scelesti,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137:

nequam et improbus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

longe post natos homines improbisssimus,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum in me tam improbus fuit,

id. Att. 9, 15, 5:

ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

ut alias res est impense improbus,

id. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63:

anus,

id. S. 2, 5, 84:

cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus,

Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21:

(anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet,

voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431:

lupus,

id. A. 9, 62:

Jovis ales,

id. ib. 12, 250:

annis,

by his youth, Juv. 3, 282:

Fortuna arridens infantibus,

mischievous, id. 6, 605. — Comp.:

inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo,

Juv. 4, 106. —

With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. [p. 909] 7, 300. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

improbo Iracundior Hadria,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.:

oris improbi homo,

Suet. Gramm. 15:

divitiae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 62:

improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato,

Mart. 8, 24, 2:

satureia,

exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4:

ingenio improbo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16:

facta,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 4:

dicta,

licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686:

verba,

id. A. A. 3, 796; cf.

carmina,

id. Tr. 2, 441:

legis improbissimae poena,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

testamentum,

illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107:

mala et improba defensio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §

101: amor,

Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.:

improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes,

Quint. 12, 1, 13:

improba ventris rabies,

Verg. A. 2, 356:

quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.:

improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 3.— Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).

Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare):

ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet,

Marc. Emp. 31 med.:

de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato,

i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23:

Chilones improbius labrati,

Charis. p. 78 P. —

(Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly:

multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

facere aliquid,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

quibus improbe datum est,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79:

quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur?

id. Sull. 10, 30:

praeda improbe parta,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

aliquid petere,

Quint. 6, 3, 95:

non improbe litigabunt,

id. 12, 7, 5:

ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt,

incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1;

so with indocte,

id. 15, 9, 4.— Comp.:

estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

decerpere oscula,

Cat. 68, 126. — Sup.:

quas (res) improbissime fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 23:

respondere,

id. Pis. 6, 13.

imprŏbus ( inpr-), a, um, adj. [2. inprobus], not according to the standard.

Lit.

Below the standard, i. e. of bad quality, bad, poor, inferior (rare;

mostly post-Aug.): merces,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 43:

opera araneorum et textura inproba,

id. Stich. 2, 2, 24:

panis,

Mart. 10, 5, 5:

improbiores postes,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139:

tua sum opera et propter te inprobior,

id. Bacch. 5, 2, 84.—

Above or beyond the standard, i. e. enormous, monstrous, excessive:

genua,

Col. 6, 1, 3:

arva,

Val. Fl. 1, 510; 2, 631 (cf. Forbig. ad Verg. G. 1, 119; Orell. ad Hor. C. 3, 9, 22):

Chilones a labris improbioribus,

Charis. p. 78 P.:

mons,

Verg. A. 12, 687:

tegmina plantae,

Val. Fl. 6, 702:

improbo somno, quem nec tertia saepe rumpit hora,

Mart. 12, 18, 13:

villus barbarum in capris,

Plin. 12, 17, 37, § 73:

reptatus (vitium),

id. 14, 1, 3, § 13; Stat. Th. 6, 838:

imber improbior,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 4 fin. (in Sall. ap. Non. 366, 13; Hist. Fragm. 4, 40 Dietsch, the true read. is in prora).—

Transf., of mind and character.

Restless, indomitable, persistent (cf.:

pervicax, perstans, vehemens, acer): labor omnia vincit improbus,

Verg. G. 1, 146:

tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce,

id. ib. 1, 388:

quatit improbus hastam,

id. A. 11, 767; cf. Hor. C. 3, 9, 23; Mart. 1, 105, 2; Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 41.—

Morally bad; wicked, reprobate, abandoned, vile, base, impious, ungodly, unjust, dishonest; bold, shameless, impudent; violent, fierce, outrageous (syn.: malus, malignus, pravus, depravatus, nequam).

Of living beings: NI TESTIMONIVM FARIATVR IMPROBVS INTESTABILISQVE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 15, 13 fin.:

qui improbi essent et scelesti,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137:

nequam et improbus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 21:

illud vero improbi esse hominis et perfidiosi,

id. de Or. 2, 73, 297: Cresphontes, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):

populum aut inflammare in improbos aut incitatum in bonos mitigare,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

longe post natos homines improbisssimus,

id. Brut. 62, 224:

cum in me tam improbus fuit,

id. Att. 9, 15, 5:

ab ingenio est improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

ut alias res est impense improbus,

id. Ep. 4, 1, 39:

negat improbus et te Neglegit, aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 63:

anus,

id. S. 2, 5, 84:

cum eum, qui sit improbus, latronem dicimus,

Quint. 8, 4, 1; 1, 8, 21:

(anguis) piscibus atram inprobus ingluviem explet,

voracious, Verg. G. 3, 431:

lupus,

id. A. 9, 62:

Jovis ales,

id. ib. 12, 250:

annis,

by his youth, Juv. 3, 282:

Fortuna arridens infantibus,

mischievous, id. 6, 605. — Comp.:

inprobior satiram scribente cinaedo,

Juv. 4, 106. —

With gen.: conubii, Stat. Th. [p. 909] 7, 300. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

improbo Iracundior Hadria,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

lavit improba taeter Ora (leonis) cruor,

Verg. A. 10, 727:

perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

shameless, impudent, Quint. 11, 3, 160; cf.:

oris improbi homo,

Suet. Gramm. 15:

divitiae,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 62:

improba non fuerit si mea charta, dato,

Mart. 8, 24, 2:

satureia,

exciting lust, id. 3, 75, 4:

ingenio improbo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 16:

facta,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 4:

dicta,

licentious, Ov. F. 5, 686:

verba,

id. A. A. 3, 796; cf.

carmina,

id. Tr. 2, 441:

legis improbissimae poena,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 2:

testamentum,

illegal, id. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 107:

mala et improba defensio,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41, §

101: amor,

Verg. A. 4, 412; Hor. S. 1, 3, 24 (cf.:

improbus, turpis, Schol. Cruq. ad loc.): spes,

Quint. 12, 1, 13:

improba ventris rabies,

Verg. A. 2, 356:

quo apertior adulatio, quo improbior, hoc citius expugnat,

Sen. Q. N. 4 praef. med.:

improba quamvis gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 3.— Adv., in two forms, imprŏbē (class.) and improbĭter (perh. only once in Petr. 66).

Beyond measure, immoderately, enormously (very rare):

ad eos, quibus intestinum improbe prominet,

Marc. Emp. 31 med.:

de quodam procerae staturae improbiusque nato,

i. e. uncommonly well furnished, Suet. Vesp. 23:

Chilones improbius labrati,

Charis. p. 78 P. —

(Acc. to II.) Badly, wrongly, improperly:

multa scelerate, multa audacter, multa improbe fecisti,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

facere aliquid,

Quint. 1, 3, 13:

quibus improbe datum est,

Cic. Off. 2, 22, 79:

quid ego miror, si quid ab improbis de me improbe dicitur?

id. Sull. 10, 30:

praeda improbe parta,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

aliquid petere,

Quint. 6, 3, 95:

non improbe litigabunt,

id. 12, 7, 5:

ignorantia et inscitia improbe dicentium, quae non intellegunt,

incorrectly, Gell. 15, 5, 1;

so with indocte,

id. 15, 9, 4.— Comp.:

estne aliquid, quod improbius fieri possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 140:

decerpere oscula,

Cat. 68, 126. — Sup.:

quas (res) improbissime fecit,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 23:

respondere,

id. Pis. 6, 13.

mālŏbăthron ( mālŏbăthrum), i, n., = malobathron.

Lit., an Indian or Syrian plant, from which a costly oint ment was prepared, perh. betel or base cin namon, Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129; Sid. Carm. 2, 415.—

Transf., the oil procured from this plant, malobathrum:

coronatus nitentes Malobathro Syrio capillos,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 7;

also used in medicine,

Cels. 5, 23; Plin. 23, 4, 48, § 93.

mālŏbăthron ( mālŏbăthrum), i, n., = malobathron.

Lit., an Indian or Syrian plant, from which a costly oint ment was prepared, perh. betel or base cin namon, Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129; Sid. Carm. 2, 415.—

Transf., the oil procured from this plant, malobathrum:

coronatus nitentes Malobathro Syrio capillos,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 7;

also used in medicine,

Cels. 5, 23; Plin. 23, 4, 48, § 93.

plinthis, ĭdis, f., = plinthis (a square tile).

A square; in architect., a square base, a plinth, for plinthus, Vitr. 3, 3, 2;

in land-surveying, for plinthus,

Hyg. Condit. Agror. p. 210 Goes.—

Plur.: plinthĭ-des, a register in the hydraulic organ, Vitr. 10, 8, 8; v. pleuritis.

plinthis, ĭdis, f., = plinthis (a square tile).

A square; in architect., a square base, a plinth, for plinthus, Vitr. 3, 3, 2;

in land-surveying, for plinthus,

Hyg. Condit. Agror. p. 210 Goes.—

Plur.: plinthĭ-des, a register in the hydraulic organ, Vitr. 10, 8, 8; v. pleuritis.

plinthus ( - os), i, m. and f., = plinthos (a tile).

In archit., the large flat member under the inferior moulding of a column, the base, plinth, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 7, 3.—

In land-surveying, a tile-shaped figure, containing a hundred acres of land:

quae centuriae nunc appellantur plinthi, id est laterculi,

Hyg. Condit. Agror. p. 205 Goes.

plinthus ( - os), i, m. and f., = plinthos (a tile).

In archit., the large flat member under the inferior moulding of a column, the base, plinth, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 7, 3.—

In land-surveying, a tile-shaped figure, containing a hundred acres of land:

quae centuriae nunc appellantur plinthi, id est laterculi,

Hyg. Condit. Agror. p. 205 Goes.

prō-ĭcĭo ( projĭcĭo), jēci, jectum, 3, v. a. [jacio].

Lit.

In gen., to throw forth or before; to fling away, throw down; to throw, thrust, drive, or put out; to stretch out, hold out, extend: projectum odoraris cibum, thrown before or to you, Hor. Epod. 6, 10:

frusto cibarii panis ei projecto,

App. M. 6, p. 177, 36:

cadavera projecta,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 25 Müll.:

crates,

Caes. B. G. 7, 81:

aquilam intra vallum,

id. ib. 5, 37:

aurum in mediā Libyā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 100:

aliquid in ignem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 25:

geminos cestus in medium,

Verg. A. 5, 402:

tela manu,

id. ib. 6, 835:

arma, of one in flight (cf.: abicere arma,

Just. 8, 2, 4), Caes. B. C. 3, 98; id. B. G. 7, 40; 8, 29; Hirt. B. Alex. 76:

omnibus projectis fugae consilium capere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 20:

insepultos,

Liv. 29, 9; Suet. Vesp. 21, 3, 19:

Diogenes proici se jussit inhumatum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104:

parvam,

to cast out, expose, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 74:

artus,

to stretch out, Val. Fl. 7, 141:

hastam,

to hold out, extend, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2:

strato graves artus,

Val. Fl. 7, 141: scutum, to hold in front, to oppose, Sisenn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4; Liv. 7, 10; cf.:

projecto prae se clipeo,

id. 32, 25:

proicere se ad pedes alicujus,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

ad genua alicujus se proicere,

Liv. 26, 32, 8:

se ex navi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

se super exanimem amicum,

Verg. A. 9, 444:

se in forum,

Liv. 2, 23; cf.:

projecturus semet in flumen,

Curt. 9, 4, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 219.—

In partic.

To cast out, expel; to exile, banish:

tantam pestem evomere et proicere,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

in exilium proici,

Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

aliquem ab urbe,

Ov. M. 15, 504:

vix duo projecto (mihi) tulistis opem,

id. P. 2, 3, 30:

Agrippam in insulam,

Tac. A. 1, 3; 4, 71:

a facie tuā,

Vulg. Psa. 50, 12. —

In architecture, to let any part of a building jut out, to cause to project:

tectum,

Cic. Top. 4, 24:

jus immittendi tigna in parietem vicini, proiciendi, protegendi, etc.,

Dig. 8, 2, 1.—

Trop.

To throw away, i. e. to give up, yield, resign, renounce, reject, disdain, etc. (cf. depono):

nec pro his libertatem, sed pro libertate haec proicias,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

patriam virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

spem salutis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 3:

ampullas et sesquipedalia verba,

Hor. A. P. 97:

pudorem,

Ov. M. 6, 544:

senatūs auctoritatem,

Tac. A. 1, 42; cf. Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 8:

diem,

to deprive one's self of the light of day, to blind one's self, Stat. Th. 2, 237.—Esp. of life:

animas,

Verg. A. 6, 436:

vitam,

Luc. 4, 526.—With personal objects:

aliquem,

to neglect, desert, forsake, abandon, Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 8:

Deum,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 19.—

With se, to rush into any thing:

si qui se in hoc judicium forte projecerint,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22.—

In partic.

To rush into danger:

epistulae tuae monent et rogant, ne me proiciam,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam si una projeceris te,

id. ib. 9, 10, 8; cf.:

in miserias projectus sum,

Sall. J. 14, 21.—

To degrade one's self:

se in muliebres et inutiles fletus,

Liv. 25, 37, 10.—

To obtrude itself:

quae libido non se proripiet ac proiciet occultatione propositā,

Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 73.—

To put off as to time, to defer, delay (post-Aug.):

quantum odii fore ab iis qui ultra quinquennium proiciantur,

Tac. A. 2, 36.— Hence, prōjectus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., stretched out, extended, jutting out, projecting:

urbs projecta in altum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 21:

projecta saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 699:

ova,

Liv. 22, 20; and:

insula a septentrione in meridiem projecta,

Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80:

ventre projecto,

projecting, prominent, Suet. Ner. 51; cf. in comp.:

ventre paulo projectiore,

id. Tit. 3.—Hence,

Subst.: prō-jectum, i, n., a jutty, projection, projecture in a building, Dig. 50, 16, 242; 43, 17, 6; 43, 24, 22.—

Trop.

Prominent, manifest:

projecta atque eminens audacia,

Cic. Clu. 65, 183; id. Rep. 3, 7, 11 (from Non. 373, 25):

cupiditas,

id. Dom. 44, 115.—

Inclined, addicted to any thing, immoderate in any thing:

homo ad audendum projectus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:

homines in verba projecti,

Gell. 1, 15, 20: in libidinem, [p. 1462] Just. 41, 3, 9.— Sup.:

projectissima ad libidinem gens,

Tac. H. 5, 5.—

Thrown away; hence, abject, mean, base, contemptible, = abjectus, contemptus:

non esse projectum consulare imperium,

Liv. 2, 27:

projecta patientia,

Tac. A. 3, 65 fin.:

projectā vilior algā,

Verg. E. 7, 42.— Comp.: quid esse vobis aestimem projectius? Prud. steph. 10, 153.—

Downcast:

vultus projectus et degener,

Tac. H. 3, 65.—Hence, adv.: prō-jectē, carelessly, indifferently (post-class.): Tert. Pud. 13.

prō-ĭcĭo ( projĭcĭo), jēci, jectum, 3, v. a. [jacio].

Lit.

In gen., to throw forth or before; to fling away, throw down; to throw, thrust, drive, or put out; to stretch out, hold out, extend: projectum odoraris cibum, thrown before or to you, Hor. Epod. 6, 10:

frusto cibarii panis ei projecto,

App. M. 6, p. 177, 36:

cadavera projecta,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 25 Müll.:

crates,

Caes. B. G. 7, 81:

aquilam intra vallum,

id. ib. 5, 37:

aurum in mediā Libyā,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 100:

aliquid in ignem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 25:

geminos cestus in medium,

Verg. A. 5, 402:

tela manu,

id. ib. 6, 835:

arma, of one in flight (cf.: abicere arma,

Just. 8, 2, 4), Caes. B. C. 3, 98; id. B. G. 7, 40; 8, 29; Hirt. B. Alex. 76:

omnibus projectis fugae consilium capere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 20:

insepultos,

Liv. 29, 9; Suet. Vesp. 21, 3, 19:

Diogenes proici se jussit inhumatum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43, 104:

parvam,

to cast out, expose, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 74:

artus,

to stretch out, Val. Fl. 7, 141:

hastam,

to hold out, extend, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2:

strato graves artus,

Val. Fl. 7, 141: scutum, to hold in front, to oppose, Sisenn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4; Liv. 7, 10; cf.:

projecto prae se clipeo,

id. 32, 25:

proicere se ad pedes alicujus,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26; Caes. B. G. 1, 31:

ad genua alicujus se proicere,

Liv. 26, 32, 8:

se ex navi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

se super exanimem amicum,

Verg. A. 9, 444:

se in forum,

Liv. 2, 23; cf.:

projecturus semet in flumen,

Curt. 9, 4, 12; Gai. Inst. 3, 219.—

In partic.

To cast out, expel; to exile, banish:

tantam pestem evomere et proicere,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

in exilium proici,

Sen. Prov. 3, 2:

aliquem ab urbe,

Ov. M. 15, 504:

vix duo projecto (mihi) tulistis opem,

id. P. 2, 3, 30:

Agrippam in insulam,

Tac. A. 1, 3; 4, 71:

a facie tuā,

Vulg. Psa. 50, 12. —

In architecture, to let any part of a building jut out, to cause to project:

tectum,

Cic. Top. 4, 24:

jus immittendi tigna in parietem vicini, proiciendi, protegendi, etc.,

Dig. 8, 2, 1.—

Trop.

To throw away, i. e. to give up, yield, resign, renounce, reject, disdain, etc. (cf. depono):

nec pro his libertatem, sed pro libertate haec proicias,

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

patriam virtutem,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

spem salutis,

Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 3:

ampullas et sesquipedalia verba,

Hor. A. P. 97:

pudorem,

Ov. M. 6, 544:

senatūs auctoritatem,

Tac. A. 1, 42; cf. Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 8:

diem,

to deprive one's self of the light of day, to blind one's self, Stat. Th. 2, 237.—Esp. of life:

animas,

Verg. A. 6, 436:

vitam,

Luc. 4, 526.—With personal objects:

aliquem,

to neglect, desert, forsake, abandon, Caes. B. C. 2, 32, 8:

Deum,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 10, 19.—

With se, to rush into any thing:

si qui se in hoc judicium forte projecerint,

Cic. Cael. 9, 22.—

In partic.

To rush into danger:

epistulae tuae monent et rogant, ne me proiciam,

Cic. Att. 9, 6, 5:

non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam si una projeceris te,

id. ib. 9, 10, 8; cf.:

in miserias projectus sum,

Sall. J. 14, 21.—

To degrade one's self:

se in muliebres et inutiles fletus,

Liv. 25, 37, 10.—

To obtrude itself:

quae libido non se proripiet ac proiciet occultatione propositā,

Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 73.—

To put off as to time, to defer, delay (post-Aug.):

quantum odii fore ab iis qui ultra quinquennium proiciantur,

Tac. A. 2, 36.— Hence, prōjectus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., stretched out, extended, jutting out, projecting:

urbs projecta in altum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 21:

projecta saxa,

Verg. A. 3, 699:

ova,

Liv. 22, 20; and:

insula a septentrione in meridiem projecta,

Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80:

ventre projecto,

projecting, prominent, Suet. Ner. 51; cf. in comp.:

ventre paulo projectiore,

id. Tit. 3.—Hence,

Subst.: prō-jectum, i, n., a jutty, projection, projecture in a building, Dig. 50, 16, 242; 43, 17, 6; 43, 24, 22.—

Trop.

Prominent, manifest:

projecta atque eminens audacia,

Cic. Clu. 65, 183; id. Rep. 3, 7, 11 (from Non. 373, 25):

cupiditas,

id. Dom. 44, 115.—

Inclined, addicted to any thing, immoderate in any thing:

homo ad audendum projectus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2:

homines in verba projecti,

Gell. 1, 15, 20: in libidinem, [p. 1462] Just. 41, 3, 9.— Sup.:

projectissima ad libidinem gens,

Tac. H. 5, 5.—

Thrown away; hence, abject, mean, base, contemptible, = abjectus, contemptus:

non esse projectum consulare imperium,

Liv. 2, 27:

projecta patientia,

Tac. A. 3, 65 fin.:

projectā vilior algā,

Verg. E. 7, 42.— Comp.: quid esse vobis aestimem projectius? Prud. steph. 10, 153.—

Downcast:

vultus projectus et degener,

Tac. H. 3, 65.—Hence, adv.: prō-jectē, carelessly, indifferently (post-class.): Tert. Pud. 13.

quā̆dra, ae, f., a square.

In gen.: qui locus gradibus in quadram formatus est, Fest. s. v. Romanam, p. 262 Müll.—

In partic.

In arch.

The lowest and largest member of the base of a pedestal, the foundation-stone, socle, plinth, Vitr. 3, 3.—

Any small member for the separation of larger ones, a platband, list, fillet, Vitr. 3, 3; 10, 2.—

A table to eat from, a dining-table (as these were usually square; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 118 Müll.):

patulis nec parcere quadris, of the pieces of bread used as plates,

Verg. A. 7, 115.— Hence, alienā vivere quadrā, to live from another ' s table (as a parasite), Juv. 5, 2. —

A (square) bit, piece, morsel:

et mihi dividuo findetur munere quadra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 49:

casei,

Mart. 12, 32, 18:

placentae,

id. 6, 75, 1; 9, 92, 18:

panis,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2.

Quā̆dra, ae, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Hostius Quadratus, Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1.

quā̆dra, ae, f., a square.

In gen.: qui locus gradibus in quadram formatus est, Fest. s. v. Romanam, p. 262 Müll.—

In partic.

In arch.

The lowest and largest member of the base of a pedestal, the foundation-stone, socle, plinth, Vitr. 3, 3.—

Any small member for the separation of larger ones, a platband, list, fillet, Vitr. 3, 3; 10, 2.—

A table to eat from, a dining-table (as these were usually square; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 118 Müll.):

patulis nec parcere quadris, of the pieces of bread used as plates,

Verg. A. 7, 115.— Hence, alienā vivere quadrā, to live from another ' s table (as a parasite), Juv. 5, 2. —

A (square) bit, piece, morsel:

et mihi dividuo findetur munere quadra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 49:

casei,

Mart. 12, 32, 18:

placentae,

id. 6, 75, 1; 9, 92, 18:

panis,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2.

Quā̆dra, ae, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Hostius Quadratus, Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1.