bōs

Ăgēnor, ŏris, m., = Agênôr, a son of Belus, king of Phœnicia, father of Cadmus and Europa, and ancestor of Dido; hence, poet., Agenoris urbs, i. e. Carthage, Verg. A. 1, 338.—Agenore natus, i. e. Cadmus, Ov. M. 3, 51; 97; 257.—Whence, derivv.

Ăgēnŏrĕus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Agenor:

bos,

i. e. Jupiter, who, in the form of a bull, carried off Europa, the daughter of Agenor, Ov. F. 6, 712:

aëna,

Phœnician, Sil. 7, 642; cf. Mart. 10, 16.—Also for Carthaginian (cf. Agenor), Sil. 1, 14:

nepotes,

i.e. the Carthaginians, id. 17, 404:

ductor,

i.e. Hannibal, id. 17, 392.—

Ăgēnŏrĭdēs, ae, patr. m., a male descendant of Agenor.

His son Cadmus, Ov. M. 3, 8; so id. ib. 3, 81; 90; 4, 562; id. P. 1, 3, 77.—

Perseus, whose grandfather, on the mother's side, Danaüs, was descended from Agenor, Ov. M. 4, 771.

Ăgēnor, ŏris, m., = Agênôr, a son of Belus, king of Phœnicia, father of Cadmus and Europa, and ancestor of Dido; hence, poet., Agenoris urbs, i. e. Carthage, Verg. A. 1, 338.—Agenore natus, i. e. Cadmus, Ov. M. 3, 51; 97; 257.—Whence, derivv.

Ăgēnŏrĕus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Agenor:

bos,

i. e. Jupiter, who, in the form of a bull, carried off Europa, the daughter of Agenor, Ov. F. 6, 712:

aëna,

Phœnician, Sil. 7, 642; cf. Mart. 10, 16.—Also for Carthaginian (cf. Agenor), Sil. 1, 14:

nepotes,

i.e. the Carthaginians, id. 17, 404:

ductor,

i.e. Hannibal, id. 17, 392.—

Ăgēnŏrĭdēs, ae, patr. m., a male descendant of Agenor.

His son Cadmus, Ov. M. 3, 8; so id. ib. 3, 81; 90; 4, 562; id. P. 1, 3, 77.—

Perseus, whose grandfather, on the mother's side, Danaüs, was descended from Agenor, Ov. M. 4, 771.

Ăgēnor, ŏris, m., = Agênôr, a son of Belus, king of Phœnicia, father of Cadmus and Europa, and ancestor of Dido; hence, poet., Agenoris urbs, i. e. Carthage, Verg. A. 1, 338.—Agenore natus, i. e. Cadmus, Ov. M. 3, 51; 97; 257.—Whence, derivv.

Ăgēnŏrĕus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Agenor:

bos,

i. e. Jupiter, who, in the form of a bull, carried off Europa, the daughter of Agenor, Ov. F. 6, 712:

aëna,

Phœnician, Sil. 7, 642; cf. Mart. 10, 16.—Also for Carthaginian (cf. Agenor), Sil. 1, 14:

nepotes,

i.e. the Carthaginians, id. 17, 404:

ductor,

i.e. Hannibal, id. 17, 392.—

Ăgēnŏrĭdēs, ae, patr. m., a male descendant of Agenor.

His son Cadmus, Ov. M. 3, 8; so id. ib. 3, 81; 90; 4, 562; id. P. 1, 3, 77.—

Perseus, whose grandfather, on the mother's side, Danaüs, was descended from Agenor, Ov. M. 4, 771.

ărātor, ōris, m. [aro].

A.. Lit., one that ploughs, a ploughman; freq. poet. = agricola, a husbandman, farmer, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38: caput quassans grandis suspirat arator Crebrius, * Lucr. 2, 1164:

luce sacrā requiescat arator,

Tib. 2, 1, 5:

Concidere infelix validos miratur arator Inter opus tauros,

Ov. M. 7, 538; 8, 218; 15, 553: neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus aut aratorigni, * Hor. C. 1, 4, 3 et saep.— Adj.:

taurus arator,

Ov. F. 1, 698:

bos arator,

Suet. Vesp. 5; v. Zumpt, § 102.—

In the Rom. lang. of finance, aratores, the cultivators of public lands for a tenth of the produce; cf. aratio, II. (usu. the Roman knights):

aratorum penuria,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 55; so id. ib. 2, 1, 37; 2, 2, 13; 2, 2, 64; 2, 3, 20; 2, 3, 27; 2, 3, 50; id. Phil. 3, 9; Inscr. Orell. 3308; Suet. Aug. 42.—

Meton., The Ploughman, a constellation, Nigid. and Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 19.

ăro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cf. aroô = to plough, to till; arotron = aratrum; arotos, aroura = arvum, = Welsh ar; arotêr = arator; armentum; Goth. arjan = to plough; O. H. Germ. aran = to ear], to plough, to till.

A.. Lit.

Absol.:

arare mavelim quam sic amare,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:

in fundo Fodere aut arare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:

si quidem L. Quinctio Cincinnato aranti nuntiatum est etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

bene et tempestive arare,

Cato, R. R. 61, 1; Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 174:

bos est enectus arando,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 87:

die septimo cessabis arare et metere,

Vulg. Exod. 34, 21; ib. Luc. 17, 7; ib. 1 Cor. 9, 10.—

With acc.:

arare terram,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 16; Ov. F. 1, 703; cf. Col. 2, 4; Pall. 2, 3, 2:

ager non semel aratus, sed novatus et iteratus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

cum terra araretur et sulcus altius esset impressus,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50:

vallem arari,

Vulg. Deut. 21, 4:

campum arare,

Ov. Tr. 3, 328:

olivetum,

Col. 5, 9:

Capuam,

Verg. G. 2, 244:

Campaniam,

Prop. 4, 4, 5 et saep.—

Trop

Of a ship, to plough: aequor. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 76; so id. Am. 2, 10, 33 Heins.; Verg. A. 2, 780; 3, 495:

aquas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36 (cf.:

sulcare aquas,

id. M. 4, 707).—

Of age, to draw furrows over the body, i. e. to wrinkle:

jam venient rugae, quae tibi corpus arent,

Ov. A. A. 2, 118.—

In mal. part.:

fundum alienum,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 24; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 48 al.—

Prov.: arare litus, for to bestow useless labor:

non profecturis litora bobus aras,

Ov. H. 5, 116; so id. Tr. 5, 4, 48; cf. Juv. 7, 49.—

In a more extended sense.

To cultivate land, and absol. to pursue agriculture, to live by husbandry (cf. agricola and arator):

quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, virtuti omnia parent, i. e. in agriculturā, navigatione, etc., omnia ex virtute animi pendent,

Sall. C. 2, 7 Corte' arat Falerni mille fundi jugera, Hor. Epod. 4, 13:

cives Romani, qui arant in Siciliā,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5.—

To gain by agriculture, to acquire by tillage:

decem medimna ex jugero arare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47 (where, Zumpt, from conjecture, has received exarare into the text; so B. and K.).

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

aspris = asperis,

Verg. A. 2, 379;

aspro = aspero,

Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).

1.. Lit.:

lingua aspera tactu,

Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

mixta aspera levibus,

Lucr. 2, 471:

in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

lene, asperum,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

Leucas,

Luc. 1, 42:

loca,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

viae asperae,

ib. Bar. 4, 26:

vallis aspera,

ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

glacies,

Verg. E. 10, 49:

hiems,

Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

aspera signis Pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

id. ib. 5, 267:

signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

stantem extra pocula caprum,

Juv. 1, 76):

Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

Ov. M. 13, 701:

aspera pocula,

Prop. 2, 6, 17:

ebur,

Sen. Hippol. 899:

balteus,

Val. Fl. 5, 578:

cingula bacis,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

nummus,

not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

mare,

agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

barba,

Tib. 1, 8, 32:

sentes,

Verg. A. 2, 379:

rubus,

id. E. 3, 89:

mucro,

Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—

Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

Mart. 11, 86, 1.—

Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

latens in asperis radix,

Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

aspera maris,

Tac. A. 4, 6:

propter aspera et confragosa,

Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

per aspera et devia,

Suet. Tib. 60:

erunt aspera in vias planas,

Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

Tac. A. 3, 5.—

Transf.

Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

asper sapor maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

asperrimum piper,

id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

acetum quam asperrimum,

id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—

Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

(pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—

Of smell, sharp, pungent:

herba odoris asperi,

Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—

Trop.

a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

id. Brut. 34, 129:

aspera Juno,

Verg. A. 1, 279:

juvenis monitoribus asper,

Hor. A. P. 163:

patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

rebus non asper egenis,

Verg. A. 8, 365:

cladibus asper,

exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

(Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

Ov. M. 13, 803:

Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

Verg. A. 7, 647:

aspera Pholoe,

coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

Cic. Mur. 29:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

(Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

Liv. 39, 40:

(Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

Camilla aspera,

id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

Just. 2, 3:

virgo aspera,

i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—

Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

(anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

Verg. G. 3, 434:

bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

Verg. A. 9, 62:

lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

Ov. M. 11, 402:

ille (leo) asper retro redit,

Verg. A. 9, 794:

tigris aspera,

Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

(equus) asper frena pati,

Sil. 3, 387.—

Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

in periculis et asperis temporibus,

Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

venatus,

Verg. A. 8, 318:

bellum,

Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

pugna,

Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

fata,

id. ib. 6, 882:

odia,

id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

multa aspera,

Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

verba,

Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

vox,

Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.

Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—

Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.

Transf.:

loqui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

dicere,

id. 2, 8, 15:

syllabae aspere coëuntes,

id. 1, 1, 37.—

Trop.:

aspere accipere aliquid,

Tac. A. 4, 31:

aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

aspere agere aliquid,

Liv. 3, 50:

aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

aspere et vehementer loqui,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

asperius loqui aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

asperius scribere de aliquo,

id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

asperrime loqui in aliquem,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

asperrime pati aliquid,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

asperrime saevire in aliquem,

Vell. 2, 7.

Asper, eri, m.

A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

Liv. 3, 65, 4. —

Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

auctōrĭtas (not autōr- nor authōr-), ātis, f. [auctor], acc. to the different signiff. of that word,

In gen., a producing, production, invention, cause (very rare;

syn.: auctoramentum, sententia, judicium, consilium, vis, pondus, favor, gratia): quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas (sc. rumoris),

originator, inventor, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

ejus facti qui sint principes et inventores, qui denique auctoritatis ejus et inventionis comprobatores,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

utrum poëtae Stoicos depravārint, an Stoici poëtis dederint auctoritatem, non facile dixerim,

id. N. D. 3, 38, 91.—

Esp.,

A view, opinion, judgment:

errat vehementer, si quis in orationibus nostris auctoritates nostras consignatas se habere arbitratur,

Cic. Clu. 50, 139:

reliquum est, ut de Q. Catuli auctoritate et sententiā dicendum esse videatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20; 22:

Mihi quidem ex animo eximi non potest, esse deos, id tamen ipsum, quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate majorum, cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 7:

plus apud me antiquorum auctoritas valet,

id. Lael. 4, 13.—

Counsel, advice, persuasion, encouragement to something (esp. if made with energy and sustained by the authority and influence of the counsellor; cf.

auctor, I. C.): auctoritatem defugere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19:

Jubeo, cogo atque impero. Numquam defugiam auctoritatem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 99 Ruhnk.: attende jam, Torquate, quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatūs mei, how little pleased (ironically) I am that the occurrences of my consulship are ascribed to my exertions, my influence, Cic. Sull. 11, 33:

cujus (Reguli) cum valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

jure, legibus, auctoritate omnium, qui consulebantur, testamentum fecerat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42:

ejus (Sexti) mihi vivit auctoritas,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

his rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3: ut per auctoritatem earum civitatium suae preces nuper repudiatae faciliorem aditum ad senatum haberent, i. e. agentibus, intervenientibus, Liv. 38, 3 al.—Also consolatory exhortation, consolation, comfort:

his autem litteris animum tuum...amicissimi hominis auctoritate confirmandum etiam atque etiam puto,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—

Will, pleasure, decision, bidding, command, precept, decree:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, consilium autem eorum, qui scripserunt, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquamus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 51:

verba servire hominum consiliis et auctoritatibus,

id. ib. 18, 52:

legio auctoritatem Caesaris persecuta est,

id. Phil. 3, 3:

nisi legiones ad Caesaris auctoritatem se contulissent,

under his command, guidance, id. Fam. 10, 28 fin. —Hence,

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Senatūs auctoritas,

The will of the senate:

agrum Picenum contra senatūs auctoritatem dividere,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—More freq.,

A decree of the senate, = Senatūs consultum:

Senatūs vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37:

sine senatūs auctoritate foedus facere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Senatūs auctoritas gravissima intercessit,

id. Fam. 1, 2 fin.:

responditque ita ex auctoritate senatūs consul,

Liv. 7, 31:

imperio non populi jussu, non ex auctoritate patrum dato,

id. 26, 2:

Neminem exulum nisi ex Senatūs auctoritate restituit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

citra senatūs populique auctoritatem,

id. Caes. 28 al. —Hence the superscription to the decrees of the Senate:

SENATVS. CONSVLTI. AVCTORITAS., abbrev., S. C. A.,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—Sometimes between senatūs auctoritas and senatūs consultum this distinction is to be made, that the former designates a decision of the senate, invalidated by the protestation of the tribune of the people or by the people themselves;

the latter, one that is passed without opposition,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8; Liv. 4, 57.—

Auctoritas populi, the popular will or decision:

isti principes et sibi et ceteris populi universi auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22; so,

publica,

Vell. 2, 62, 3; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—

Auctoritas collegii (pontificum), Liv. 34, 44; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 19 and 21.—

Liberty, ability, power, authority to do according to one's pleasure:

qui habet imperium a populo Romano auctoritatem legum dandarum ab senatu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49:

Verres tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 58: Invita in hoc loco versatur oratio;

videtur enim auctoritatem adferre peccandi,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

Senatūs faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8.—

Might, power, authority, reputation, dignity, influence, weight (very freq.):

ut vostra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adjutrixque sit, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 40: aequitate causae et auctoritate suā aliquem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48:

id maximā auctoritate philosophi adfirmant,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

Digna est memoriā Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia,

Vell. 2, 32:

optimatium auctoritatem deminuere,

Suet. Caes. 11; so,

auctoritatem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10 fin.; id. Sen. 17, 60:

adripere,

id. ib. 18, 62; id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

facere,

to procure, obtain, id. Imp. Pomp. 15: Grandis auctoritatis es et bene regis regnum Israël, * Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

imminuere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37 fin.:

levare,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

fructus capere auctoritatis,

id. Sen. 18, 62:

Quae sunt voluptates corporis cum auctoritatis praemiis comparandae?

id. ib. 18, 64 et saep. — Transf. to things, importance, significance, weight, power, worth, value, estimation:

bos in pecuariā maximā debet esse auctoritate,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

sunt certa legum verba... quo plus auctoritatis habeant, paulo antiquiora,

more weight, force, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

totius hujusce rei quae sit vis, quae auctoritas, quod pondus, ignorant,

id. Fl. 4:

utilitatis species falsa ab honestatis auctoritate superata est,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109: cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem, of this honorable place, i. e. the rostra, id. Imp. Pomp 1:

bibliothecas omnium philosophorum mihi videtur XII. tabularum libellus auctoritatis pondere superare,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; id. Fam. 1, 7; Dolab. ap. Cic. ib. 9, 9 fin.:

auctoritas praecipua lupo (pisci),

Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61: Post eum (Maecenatum) interiit auctoritas sapori (pullorum [p. 200] asinorum), id. 8, 43, 68, § 170 Jan:

unguentorum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 4:

auctoritas dignitasque formae,

Suet. Claud. 30.—Also of feigned, assumed authority:

nec cognovi quemquam, qui majore auctoritate nihil diceret,

that said nothing with a greater air of authority, Cic. Div. 2, 67, 139.—

An example, pattern, model:

omnium superiorum auctoritatem repudiare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

memoriā digna juventuti rei publicae capessendae auctoritas disciplinaque,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 93; 2, 5, 32:

tu is es qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, sed auctoritati aliorum pareas,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16 al.—

A warrant, security for establishing a fact, assertion, etc., credibility:

cum ea (justitia) sine prudentiā satis habeat auctoritatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

desinant putare, auctoritatem esse in eo testimonio, cujus auctor inventus est nemo,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

Quid vero habet auctoritatis furor iste, quem divinum vocatis?

id. Div. 2, 54, 110:

tollitur omnis auctoritas somniorum,

id. ib. 2, 59, 123:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. Lael. 25, 94.—

Meton., the things which serve for the verification or establishment of a fact.

A record, document:

videt legationes, cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

nihil putas valere in judiciis civitatum auctoritates ac litteras,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146.—

The name of a person who is security for something, authority:

cum auctoritates principum conjurationis colligeret,

Cic. Sull. 13, 37:

sed tu auctoritates contemnis, ratione pugnas,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 9.—Hence for the names of persons present at the drawing up of a decree of the senate:

quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis exstat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 5: Senatūs consultum, quod tibi misi, factum est auctoritatesque perscriptae, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—

Right of possession (cf. auctor, II. F. 1.):

lex usum et auctoritatem fundi jubet esse biennium,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 54:

usūs auctoritas fundi biennium est,

id. Top. 4, 23; so id. Caecin. 26, 74; id. Har. Resp. 7; Lex Atin. ap. Gell. 17, 6; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 217 sq.—So in the laws of the XII. Tables: ADVERSVS. HOSTEM. AETERNA. AVCTORITAS., against a stranger the right of possession is perpetual (i. e. a stranger cannot, by prescription, obtain the right of possession to the property of a Roman), ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37.—

In jurid. lang., a guaranty, security, Paul. Sent. 2, 17.

auctōrĭtas (not autōr- nor authōr-), ātis, f. [auctor], acc. to the different signiff. of that word,

In gen., a producing, production, invention, cause (very rare;

syn.: auctoramentum, sententia, judicium, consilium, vis, pondus, favor, gratia): quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas (sc. rumoris),

originator, inventor, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

ejus facti qui sint principes et inventores, qui denique auctoritatis ejus et inventionis comprobatores,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

utrum poëtae Stoicos depravārint, an Stoici poëtis dederint auctoritatem, non facile dixerim,

id. N. D. 3, 38, 91.—

Esp.,

A view, opinion, judgment:

errat vehementer, si quis in orationibus nostris auctoritates nostras consignatas se habere arbitratur,

Cic. Clu. 50, 139:

reliquum est, ut de Q. Catuli auctoritate et sententiā dicendum esse videatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20; 22:

Mihi quidem ex animo eximi non potest, esse deos, id tamen ipsum, quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate majorum, cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 7:

plus apud me antiquorum auctoritas valet,

id. Lael. 4, 13.—

Counsel, advice, persuasion, encouragement to something (esp. if made with energy and sustained by the authority and influence of the counsellor; cf.

auctor, I. C.): auctoritatem defugere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19:

Jubeo, cogo atque impero. Numquam defugiam auctoritatem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 99 Ruhnk.: attende jam, Torquate, quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatūs mei, how little pleased (ironically) I am that the occurrences of my consulship are ascribed to my exertions, my influence, Cic. Sull. 11, 33:

cujus (Reguli) cum valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

jure, legibus, auctoritate omnium, qui consulebantur, testamentum fecerat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42:

ejus (Sexti) mihi vivit auctoritas,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

his rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3: ut per auctoritatem earum civitatium suae preces nuper repudiatae faciliorem aditum ad senatum haberent, i. e. agentibus, intervenientibus, Liv. 38, 3 al.—Also consolatory exhortation, consolation, comfort:

his autem litteris animum tuum...amicissimi hominis auctoritate confirmandum etiam atque etiam puto,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—

Will, pleasure, decision, bidding, command, precept, decree:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, consilium autem eorum, qui scripserunt, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquamus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 51:

verba servire hominum consiliis et auctoritatibus,

id. ib. 18, 52:

legio auctoritatem Caesaris persecuta est,

id. Phil. 3, 3:

nisi legiones ad Caesaris auctoritatem se contulissent,

under his command, guidance, id. Fam. 10, 28 fin. —Hence,

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Senatūs auctoritas,

The will of the senate:

agrum Picenum contra senatūs auctoritatem dividere,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—More freq.,

A decree of the senate, = Senatūs consultum:

Senatūs vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37:

sine senatūs auctoritate foedus facere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Senatūs auctoritas gravissima intercessit,

id. Fam. 1, 2 fin.:

responditque ita ex auctoritate senatūs consul,

Liv. 7, 31:

imperio non populi jussu, non ex auctoritate patrum dato,

id. 26, 2:

Neminem exulum nisi ex Senatūs auctoritate restituit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

citra senatūs populique auctoritatem,

id. Caes. 28 al. —Hence the superscription to the decrees of the Senate:

SENATVS. CONSVLTI. AVCTORITAS., abbrev., S. C. A.,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—Sometimes between senatūs auctoritas and senatūs consultum this distinction is to be made, that the former designates a decision of the senate, invalidated by the protestation of the tribune of the people or by the people themselves;

the latter, one that is passed without opposition,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8; Liv. 4, 57.—

Auctoritas populi, the popular will or decision:

isti principes et sibi et ceteris populi universi auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22; so,

publica,

Vell. 2, 62, 3; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—

Auctoritas collegii (pontificum), Liv. 34, 44; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 19 and 21.—

Liberty, ability, power, authority to do according to one's pleasure:

qui habet imperium a populo Romano auctoritatem legum dandarum ab senatu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49:

Verres tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 58: Invita in hoc loco versatur oratio;

videtur enim auctoritatem adferre peccandi,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

Senatūs faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8.—

Might, power, authority, reputation, dignity, influence, weight (very freq.):

ut vostra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adjutrixque sit, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 40: aequitate causae et auctoritate suā aliquem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48:

id maximā auctoritate philosophi adfirmant,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

Digna est memoriā Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia,

Vell. 2, 32:

optimatium auctoritatem deminuere,

Suet. Caes. 11; so,

auctoritatem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10 fin.; id. Sen. 17, 60:

adripere,

id. ib. 18, 62; id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

facere,

to procure, obtain, id. Imp. Pomp. 15: Grandis auctoritatis es et bene regis regnum Israël, * Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

imminuere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37 fin.:

levare,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

fructus capere auctoritatis,

id. Sen. 18, 62:

Quae sunt voluptates corporis cum auctoritatis praemiis comparandae?

id. ib. 18, 64 et saep. — Transf. to things, importance, significance, weight, power, worth, value, estimation:

bos in pecuariā maximā debet esse auctoritate,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

sunt certa legum verba... quo plus auctoritatis habeant, paulo antiquiora,

more weight, force, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

totius hujusce rei quae sit vis, quae auctoritas, quod pondus, ignorant,

id. Fl. 4:

utilitatis species falsa ab honestatis auctoritate superata est,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109: cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem, of this honorable place, i. e. the rostra, id. Imp. Pomp 1:

bibliothecas omnium philosophorum mihi videtur XII. tabularum libellus auctoritatis pondere superare,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; id. Fam. 1, 7; Dolab. ap. Cic. ib. 9, 9 fin.:

auctoritas praecipua lupo (pisci),

Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61: Post eum (Maecenatum) interiit auctoritas sapori (pullorum [p. 200] asinorum), id. 8, 43, 68, § 170 Jan:

unguentorum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 4:

auctoritas dignitasque formae,

Suet. Claud. 30.—Also of feigned, assumed authority:

nec cognovi quemquam, qui majore auctoritate nihil diceret,

that said nothing with a greater air of authority, Cic. Div. 2, 67, 139.—

An example, pattern, model:

omnium superiorum auctoritatem repudiare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

memoriā digna juventuti rei publicae capessendae auctoritas disciplinaque,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 93; 2, 5, 32:

tu is es qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, sed auctoritati aliorum pareas,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16 al.—

A warrant, security for establishing a fact, assertion, etc., credibility:

cum ea (justitia) sine prudentiā satis habeat auctoritatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

desinant putare, auctoritatem esse in eo testimonio, cujus auctor inventus est nemo,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

Quid vero habet auctoritatis furor iste, quem divinum vocatis?

id. Div. 2, 54, 110:

tollitur omnis auctoritas somniorum,

id. ib. 2, 59, 123:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. Lael. 25, 94.—

Meton., the things which serve for the verification or establishment of a fact.

A record, document:

videt legationes, cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

nihil putas valere in judiciis civitatum auctoritates ac litteras,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146.—

The name of a person who is security for something, authority:

cum auctoritates principum conjurationis colligeret,

Cic. Sull. 13, 37:

sed tu auctoritates contemnis, ratione pugnas,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 9.—Hence for the names of persons present at the drawing up of a decree of the senate:

quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis exstat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 5: Senatūs consultum, quod tibi misi, factum est auctoritatesque perscriptae, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—

Right of possession (cf. auctor, II. F. 1.):

lex usum et auctoritatem fundi jubet esse biennium,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 54:

usūs auctoritas fundi biennium est,

id. Top. 4, 23; so id. Caecin. 26, 74; id. Har. Resp. 7; Lex Atin. ap. Gell. 17, 6; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 217 sq.—So in the laws of the XII. Tables: ADVERSVS. HOSTEM. AETERNA. AVCTORITAS., against a stranger the right of possession is perpetual (i. e. a stranger cannot, by prescription, obtain the right of possession to the property of a Roman), ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37.—

In jurid. lang., a guaranty, security, Paul. Sent. 2, 17.

auctōrĭtas (not autōr- nor authōr-), ātis, f. [auctor], acc. to the different signiff. of that word,

In gen., a producing, production, invention, cause (very rare;

syn.: auctoramentum, sententia, judicium, consilium, vis, pondus, favor, gratia): quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas (sc. rumoris),

originator, inventor, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

ejus facti qui sint principes et inventores, qui denique auctoritatis ejus et inventionis comprobatores,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43:

utrum poëtae Stoicos depravārint, an Stoici poëtis dederint auctoritatem, non facile dixerim,

id. N. D. 3, 38, 91.—

Esp.,

A view, opinion, judgment:

errat vehementer, si quis in orationibus nostris auctoritates nostras consignatas se habere arbitratur,

Cic. Clu. 50, 139:

reliquum est, ut de Q. Catuli auctoritate et sententiā dicendum esse videatur,

id. Imp. Pomp. 20; 22:

Mihi quidem ex animo eximi non potest, esse deos, id tamen ipsum, quod mihi persuasum est auctoritate majorum, cur ita sit, nihil tu me doces,

id. N. D. 3, 3, 7:

plus apud me antiquorum auctoritas valet,

id. Lael. 4, 13.—

Counsel, advice, persuasion, encouragement to something (esp. if made with energy and sustained by the authority and influence of the counsellor; cf.

auctor, I. C.): auctoritatem defugere,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 19:

Jubeo, cogo atque impero. Numquam defugiam auctoritatem,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 99 Ruhnk.: attende jam, Torquate, quam ego defugiam auctoritatem consulatūs mei, how little pleased (ironically) I am that the occurrences of my consulship are ascribed to my exertions, my influence, Cic. Sull. 11, 33:

cujus (Reguli) cum valuisset auctoritas, captivi retenti sunt,

id. Off. 3, 27, 100:

jure, legibus, auctoritate omnium, qui consulebantur, testamentum fecerat,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 42:

ejus (Sexti) mihi vivit auctoritas,

id. Att. 10, 1, 1:

his rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3: ut per auctoritatem earum civitatium suae preces nuper repudiatae faciliorem aditum ad senatum haberent, i. e. agentibus, intervenientibus, Liv. 38, 3 al.—Also consolatory exhortation, consolation, comfort:

his autem litteris animum tuum...amicissimi hominis auctoritate confirmandum etiam atque etiam puto,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—

Will, pleasure, decision, bidding, command, precept, decree:

si ad verba rem deflectere velimus, consilium autem eorum, qui scripserunt, et rationem et auctoritatem relinquamus?

Cic. Caecin. 18, 51:

verba servire hominum consiliis et auctoritatibus,

id. ib. 18, 52:

legio auctoritatem Caesaris persecuta est,

id. Phil. 3, 3:

nisi legiones ad Caesaris auctoritatem se contulissent,

under his command, guidance, id. Fam. 10, 28 fin. —Hence,

Esp., in political lang., t. t.

Senatūs auctoritas,

The will of the senate:

agrum Picenum contra senatūs auctoritatem dividere,

Cic. Sen. 4, 11.—More freq.,

A decree of the senate, = Senatūs consultum:

Senatūs vetus auctoritas de Bacchanalibus,

Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 37:

sine senatūs auctoritate foedus facere,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109:

Senatūs auctoritas gravissima intercessit,

id. Fam. 1, 2 fin.:

responditque ita ex auctoritate senatūs consul,

Liv. 7, 31:

imperio non populi jussu, non ex auctoritate patrum dato,

id. 26, 2:

Neminem exulum nisi ex Senatūs auctoritate restituit,

Suet. Claud. 12:

citra senatūs populique auctoritatem,

id. Caes. 28 al. —Hence the superscription to the decrees of the Senate:

SENATVS. CONSVLTI. AVCTORITAS., abbrev., S. C. A.,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—Sometimes between senatūs auctoritas and senatūs consultum this distinction is to be made, that the former designates a decision of the senate, invalidated by the protestation of the tribune of the people or by the people themselves;

the latter, one that is passed without opposition,

Cic. Fam. 8, 8; Liv. 4, 57.—

Auctoritas populi, the popular will or decision:

isti principes et sibi et ceteris populi universi auctoritati parendum esse fateantur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22; so,

publica,

Vell. 2, 62, 3; Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—

Auctoritas collegii (pontificum), Liv. 34, 44; cf. Cic. Leg. 2, 19 and 21.—

Liberty, ability, power, authority to do according to one's pleasure:

qui habet imperium a populo Romano auctoritatem legum dandarum ab senatu,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49:

Verres tantum sibi auctoritatis in re publicā suscepit, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 5, 58: Invita in hoc loco versatur oratio;

videtur enim auctoritatem adferre peccandi,

id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

Senatūs faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque populi Romani,

id. Phil. 8, 8.—

Might, power, authority, reputation, dignity, influence, weight (very freq.):

ut vostra auctoritas Meae auctoritati fautrix adjutrixque sit, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 40: aequitate causae et auctoritate suā aliquem commovere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48:

id maximā auctoritate philosophi adfirmant,

id. Off. 3, 29, 105:

Digna est memoriā Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia,

Vell. 2, 32:

optimatium auctoritatem deminuere,

Suet. Caes. 11; so,

auctoritatem habere,

Cic. Phil. 11, 10 fin.; id. Sen. 17, 60:

adripere,

id. ib. 18, 62; id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

facere,

to procure, obtain, id. Imp. Pomp. 15: Grandis auctoritatis es et bene regis regnum Israël, * Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

imminuere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 37 fin.:

levare,

id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

fructus capere auctoritatis,

id. Sen. 18, 62:

Quae sunt voluptates corporis cum auctoritatis praemiis comparandae?

id. ib. 18, 64 et saep. — Transf. to things, importance, significance, weight, power, worth, value, estimation:

bos in pecuariā maximā debet esse auctoritate,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

sunt certa legum verba... quo plus auctoritatis habeant, paulo antiquiora,

more weight, force, Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 18:

totius hujusce rei quae sit vis, quae auctoritas, quod pondus, ignorant,

id. Fl. 4:

utilitatis species falsa ab honestatis auctoritate superata est,

id. Off. 3, 30, 109: cum antea per aetatem nondum hujus auctoritatem loci attingere auderem, of this honorable place, i. e. the rostra, id. Imp. Pomp 1:

bibliothecas omnium philosophorum mihi videtur XII. tabularum libellus auctoritatis pondere superare,

id. de Or. 1, 44, 195; id. Fam. 1, 7; Dolab. ap. Cic. ib. 9, 9 fin.:

auctoritas praecipua lupo (pisci),

Plin. 9, 17, 28, § 61: Post eum (Maecenatum) interiit auctoritas sapori (pullorum [p. 200] asinorum), id. 8, 43, 68, § 170 Jan:

unguentorum,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 4:

auctoritas dignitasque formae,

Suet. Claud. 30.—Also of feigned, assumed authority:

nec cognovi quemquam, qui majore auctoritate nihil diceret,

that said nothing with a greater air of authority, Cic. Div. 2, 67, 139.—

An example, pattern, model:

omnium superiorum auctoritatem repudiare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:

memoriā digna juventuti rei publicae capessendae auctoritas disciplinaque,

id. Sest. 6, 14:

valuit auctoritas,

id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 3, 93; 2, 5, 32:

tu is es qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare, sed auctoritati aliorum pareas,

id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16 al.—

A warrant, security for establishing a fact, assertion, etc., credibility:

cum ea (justitia) sine prudentiā satis habeat auctoritatis,

Cic. Off. 2, 9, 34:

desinant putare, auctoritatem esse in eo testimonio, cujus auctor inventus est nemo,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

Quid vero habet auctoritatis furor iste, quem divinum vocatis?

id. Div. 2, 54, 110:

tollitur omnis auctoritas somniorum,

id. ib. 2, 59, 123:

cum ad vanitatem accessit auctoritas,

id. Lael. 25, 94.—

Meton., the things which serve for the verification or establishment of a fact.

A record, document:

videt legationes, cum publicis auctoritatibus convenisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

nihil putas valere in judiciis civitatum auctoritates ac litteras,

id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146.—

The name of a person who is security for something, authority:

cum auctoritates principum conjurationis colligeret,

Cic. Sull. 13, 37:

sed tu auctoritates contemnis, ratione pugnas,

id. N. D. 3, 4, 9.—Hence for the names of persons present at the drawing up of a decree of the senate:

quod in auctoritatibus praescriptis exstat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 5: Senatūs consultum, quod tibi misi, factum est auctoritatesque perscriptae, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8.—

Right of possession (cf. auctor, II. F. 1.):

lex usum et auctoritatem fundi jubet esse biennium,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 54:

usūs auctoritas fundi biennium est,

id. Top. 4, 23; so id. Caecin. 26, 74; id. Har. Resp. 7; Lex Atin. ap. Gell. 17, 6; cf. Hugo, Rechtsgesch. p. 217 sq.—So in the laws of the XII. Tables: ADVERSVS. HOSTEM. AETERNA. AVCTORITAS., against a stranger the right of possession is perpetual (i. e. a stranger cannot, by prescription, obtain the right of possession to the property of a Roman), ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37.—

In jurid. lang., a guaranty, security, Paul. Sent. 2, 17.

bĭdens (old form duidens), entis (abl. bidenti, Lucr. 5, 209; Verg. Cir. 212; Pomp. ap. Gell. 16, 6, 7:

bidente,

Tib. 2, 3, 6; Verg. Cat. 8, 9; Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159; gen. plur. bidentium, Hor. C. 3, 23, 14:

bidentum,

Ov. M. 15, 575), adj. [bis-dens], with two teeth (not in Cic.).

Adj.

Lit.:

amica, i.e. anus,

Auct. Priap. 82: bos, Paul. ex Fest. p. 35 Müll.:

hostiae,

Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 206.—

Transf., with two prongs, points, etc.:

ancora,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 209:

forfex,

Verg. Cat. 8, 9:

ferrum = forfex,

id. Cir. 212.—

Subst.

Masc., a heavy hoe or mattock with two crooked iron teeth; Gr. dikella: valido bidenti ingemere, Lucr. 5, 209: Tib. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 49; 2, 3, 6:

glaebam fran/gere bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400:

duros jactare bidentis,

id. ib. 2, 355:

durus bidens et vomer aduncus,

Ov. F. 4, 927:

bidentibus soli terga convertere,

Col. 4, 14, 1; 4, 17, 8; Pall. Jul. 5; cf. id. ib. 1, 43, 1; Dig. 33, 7, 8 al.—Hence, meton. for agriculture:

bidentis amans,

Juv. 3, 228.—

Fem. (old form duidens, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66 Müll.; cf. the letter B), an animal for sacrifice (swine, sheep, ox): bidentes hostiae, quae per aetatem duos dentes altiores habent, Jul. Hyg. ap. Gell. 16, 6, 14: bidentes sunt oves duos dentes longiores ceteris habentes, Paul. ex Fest. p. 33 Müll.; Isid. Orig. 12, 1, 9. It is more correct to understand by bidens an animal for sacrifice whose two rows of teeth are complete; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 4 Müll.: ambidens sive bidens ovis appellabatur, quae superioribus et inferioribus est dentibus, and in Heb., the dual of, of the two rows of teeth; v. Gesen. Heb. Lex. under:

mactant lectas de more bidentīs Legiferae Cereri,

Verg. A. 4, 57 Forbig. ad loc; id. ib. 7, 93; 12, 170; * Hor. C. 3, 23, 14; Ov. M. 10, 227; 15, 575; Pompon. ap. Gell. 16, 6, 7; Plin. 8, 51, 77, § 206.— Transf. from the lang. of offerings to a general use = ovis, a sheep, Phaedr. 1, 17, 8.

bŏa (also bŏva in the MSS. of Pliny and Festus), ae, f. [bos; cf. boubôn], a large Italian serpent: in Italiă appellatae bovae in tantam amplitudinem exeuntes ut divo Claudio principe occisae in Vaticano solidus in alvo spectatus infans, Plin. 8, 14, 14, § 37; 30, 14, 47, § 138 sq.; Sol. 2; acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 30 Müll., a water-serpent, so called because it milked cows, Sol. 2, 33; or because it could swallow an ox, quas boas vocant, ab eo quod tam grandes sint ut boves gluttire soleant, Hier. Vit. Hil. Erem. 39.—

A disease producing red pustules, the measles or small-pox, Plin. 24, 8, 35, § 53: boam id est rubentes papulas. id. 26, 11, 73, § 120:

boas fimum bubulum abolet: unde et nomen traxere,

id. 28, 18, 75, § 244; Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v. tama, p. 360 Müll.—

Crurum quoque tumor viae labore collectus bova appellatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 30 Müll. (the same author explains with these words the disease tama).