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101 Deering, William
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1826 USAd. 1913 USA[br]American entrepreneur who invested in the developing agricultural machinery manufacturing industry and became one of the founders of the International Harvester Company.[br]Deering began work in his father's woollen mill and, with this business experience, developed Deering, Milliken \& Co., a wholesale dry goods business. Deering invested $40,000 in the Marsh reaper business in 1870, and became a partner in 1872. In 1880 he gained full control of the company and took up residence in Chicago, where he set up a factory. In 1878 he saw the Appleby binders, and in November of that year he negotiated a licence agreement for their manufacture. Deering was aware that with only two twine manufacturers operating in the US, the high price of twine was discouraging sales of binders. He therefore entered into an agreement with Edwin H.Fitler of Philadelphia for the production of very large quantities of twine, and in so doing dramatically reduced its price. In 1880 Deering released onto the market 3,000 binders and ten cartloads of twine that he had manufactured secretly. By 1890 McCormick and Deering were market leaders; Deering anticipated McCormick in a number of technical areas and also diversified his business into ore, timber, and a rolling and casting mill. After several false starts, a merger between the two companies took place on 12 August 1902 to form the International Harvester Company, with Deering as chairman of the voting trust which was established to control it. The company expanded into Canada in 1903 and into Europe in 1905. It began its first experiments with tractors in that same year and produced the first production models in 1906. The company went into truck production in 1907.[br]Further ReadingC.H.Wendell, 1981, 150 Years of International Harvester, Crestlink Publishing (though more concerned with the machinery produced by International Harvester, this gives an account of its originating companies, and the personalities behind them).H.N.Casson, 1908, The Romance of the Reaper, Doubleday Page (deals with McCormick, Deering and the formation of International Harvester).AP -
102 chunuka
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] receive a special distinction[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] be enamored[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] alikuwa amemchunuka msichana huyu [Mun]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] encourage someone[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] favor someone[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] be very fond of[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] set the heart on[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] have one's heart set on[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] receive a special honor[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] finally obtain something long desired[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] set great store by[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] be well-disposed toward someone[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] yearn for[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] be very fond of[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -chunuka[English Word] pay a high price for something[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------ -
103 extra
1. n часто особая плата, приплата; наценка2. n экстренный выпускextra edition — дополнительный тираж ; экстренный выпуск
3. n высший сорт; сорт экстра4. n амер. разг. временный, сезонный рабочий5. n театр. разг. кино, статист; статистка; актёр массовки6. n тех. дополнительные, нестандартные или поставляемые за особую плату принадлежности7. a добавочный, дополнительныйextra player — кино, статист; статистка; актёр массовки
8. a подлежащий особой оплате9. a особый, специальный; экстраординарный10. a высшего качества11. a спец. лишний, избыточныйextra device fault — неисправность типа "лишний элемент"
12. adv особо, особенно; отдельно; дополнительноСинонимический ряд:1. extremely (adj.) extremely; particularly; uncommonly; unusually2. new (adj.) added; additional; fresh; further; more; new; other3. spare (adj.) accessory; auxiliary; in reserve; in store; spare; supererogatory; supplementary4. superfluous (adj.) de trop; excess; free; recrementitious; superfluent; superfluous; supernumerary; surplus5. addition (noun) addition; appendage; appurtenance; complement6. uncommon (other) extremely; rarely; uncommon; uncommonly; unusually7. very (other) awful; awfully; considerably; enormously; especially; exceedingly; exceptionally; extraordinarily; highly; immensely; jolly; mighty; particularly; quite; rather; really; remarkably; specially; too; tremendously; veryАнтонимический ряд:basic; essential -
104 stiff
stiff [stɪf]∎ stiff paper/cardboard papier/carton rigide;∎ a stiff brush une brosse à poils durs;∎ to be stiff with terror être glacé de terreur∎ as stiff as a poker raide comme un piquet;∎ to keep a stiff upper lip garder son flegme(b) (thick, difficult to stir) ferme, consistant;∎ beat the mixture until it is stiff battez jusqu'à obtention d'une pâte consistante;∎ beat the eggwhites until stiff battre les blancs en neige jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient (bien) fermes(c) (difficult to move) dur;∎ this door handle is very stiff cette poignée de porte est très dure;∎ the drawers have got a bit stiff les tiroirs sont devenus un peu durs à ouvrir∎ I'm still stiff after playing squash the other day j'ai encore des courbatures d'avoir joué au squash l'autre jour;∎ to have a stiff back avoir mal au dos;∎ to have a stiff neck avoir un ou le torticolis(e) (over-formal → smile, welcome) froid; (→ person, manners, behaviour) froid, guindé; (→ style) guindé(f) (difficult) dur, ardu;∎ to face stiff competition avoir affaire à forte concurrence;∎ it will be a stiff match la partie sera dure;∎ competition for university places is getting stiffer la compétition pour les places à l'université devient de plus en plus acharnée∎ a stiff sentence une condamnation sévère, une lourde condamnation;∎ I sent them a stiff letter je leur ai envoyé une lettre bien sentie(h) (strong → breeze, drink) fort;∎ you need a stiff drink tu as besoin d'un remontant;∎ she poured herself a stiff whisky elle s'est versé un whisky bien tassé(i) (high → price, bill) élevé∎ the place was stiff with men in suits l'endroit était plein de mecs en costume2 adverb∎ familiar to be bored stiff mourir d'ennui□ ;∎ to be worried/scared stiff être mort d'inquiétude/de peur;∎ I was frozen stiff j'étais frigorifié3 noun∎ to have a stiff bander -
105 ♦ command
♦ command /kəˈmɑ:nd/n.1 comando; ordine: I did it at his command, l'ho fatto per suo ordine (o dietro suo ordine); Wait till I give the command, aspettate che io dia l'ordine!; Fire on my command, quando do l'ordine, sparate!; by his command, per suo ordine; secondo i suoi ordini2 [u] comando; ordini (pl.): to be in command (of), essere al comando (di); essere il comandante (di); comandare; to take command of, prendere il comando di; to be under sb. 's command, essere agli ordini di q.; prendere ordini da q.; chain of command, linea gerarchica3 [u] padronanza; dominio; controllo: He has a good command of Italian, ha una buona padronanza della lingua italiana; Command of the seas was very important to England, il dominio del mare era molto importante per l'Inghilterra; command over oneself, padronanza di sé; to be in command of, essere padrone di; dominare; avere sotto controllo; She's always in command of herself, è sempre padrona di sé; to be in command of the situation, essere padrone della situazione; avere sotto controllo la situazione● (mil. ed estens.) command and control, (sost.) direzione strategica; (agg. attr.) ( anche command-and-control) strategico □ (comput.: di programma) command-driven, comandato dalla tastiera □ command economy, economia dirigista □ (miss.) command module, modulo di comando □ (teatr.) command performance, spettacolo su invito del sovrano o del presidente □ (mil.) command post, sede del comando, comando ( di un'unità in combattimento) □ (mil.) command structure, struttura gerarchica; organico degli ufficiali □ at one's command, a propria disposizione.(to) command /kəˈmɑ:nd/A v. t.1 comandare a; ordinare a; dare ordine (o ordini) a: to command sb. to do st., comandare a q. di fare qc.4 dominare; offrire ( una vista): The castle commands the valley, il castello domina la vallata; The house commands a good view, la casa offre una buona vista5 disporre di, poter contare su; essere padrone di: He commands considerable popularity, dispone di una notevole popolarità; to command a firm majority, disporre di (o poter contare su) una solida maggioranza; He commands a large vocabulary, è padrone di un vocabolario assai ampio; to command a great fortune, disporre di un grosso patrimonio7 incutere; ispirare; suscitare: to command respect, incutere rispetto; to command admiration, suscitare ammirazione8 (riuscire a) ottenere ( un prezzo, un pagamento): ( di oggetto) to command a high price, (riuscire a) ottenere un prezzo alto; costare caro; to command a high fee, poter chiedere una parcella elevataB v. i.● (econ.) to command a market, avere il controllo di un mercato □ (prov.) God commands and man obeys, l'uomo propone e Dio dispone. -
106 duur
duur1〈de〉1 [tijdruimte die iets beslaat] duration ⇒ length, 〈 met betrekking tot apparatuur〉 life, 〈 met betrekking tot gevangenisstraf, ambt〉 term2 [tijd dat men het ergens uithoudt] 〈zie voorbeelden 2〉♦voorbeelden:het geschil is al van lange duur • the dispute is of long standingvoor onbepaalde duur in staking gaan • strike for an indefinite periodop de lange duur • in the long run, finallyhet leven is kort van duur • life is short————————duur22 [zwaarwegend, bindend] solemn♦voorbeelden:dure gewoontes • expensive/luxurious habitseen duur hotel • an expensive/plush hotelaan de dure kant • on the pricey sideeen dure tijd • a period/time of high pricesdure vaklui • highly-paid craftsmendie auto is duur (in het gebruik) • that car is expensive to runde stookolie wordt weer duurder • heating oil is going up againhoe duur is die fiets? • how much is that bicycle?dat is te duur voor mij/me te duur • I can't afford itergens duur mee uit zijn • get a bad bargaineen dure plicht • a bounden duty3 dure mensen • chic/posh peoplehij gebruikt graag dure woorden • he likes to use big wordsII 〈 bijwoord〉♦voorbeelden:1 onze duur betaalde/bevochten vrijheid • our dearly bought/hard-won freedomiets duur betalen • pay a high price for something 〈 ook figuurlijk〉; 〈 figuurlijk〉 pay dearly for something -
107 ratio
ˈreɪʃɪəu сущ.
1) мат. отношение, пропорция;
коэффициент, соотношение (between;
of;
to) at a ratio of three to one ≈ в отношении трех к одному compression ratio ≈ коэффициент сжатия (данных) inverse ratio ≈ обратное отношение ratio of exchange in direct ratio in inverse ratio
2) тех. передаточное число отношение, коэффициент;
пропорция;
соотношение - net profit * (экономика) коэффициент рентабельности - * of exchange( экономика) меновое отношение - in direct * (математика) прямо пропорционально - in the * of one to six в отношении один к шести - the population contains a very high * of young people очень большой процент населения составляет молодежь( техническое) передаточное число( экономика) коэффициент покрытия, норма обеспечения устанавливать отношение, соотношение, пропорцию ( фотографическое) увеличивать или уменьшать снимок в определенной кратности accounting ~ учетный показатель acid test ~ коэффициент критической оценки( отношение ликвидности фирмы к сумме долговых обязательств) acid-test ~ вчт. коэффициент критической оценки activity ~ показатель экономической активности aspect ~ вчт. коэффициент сжатия availability ~ вчт. коэффициент готовности capacity ~ коэффициент использования производственных мощностей capital-output ~ капиталоемкость capital-to-assets ~ выч. отношение суммы капиталовложений к стоимости активов capitalization ~ процентное соотношение элементов структуры капитала компании cash ~ коэффициент ликвидности cash ~ коэффициент наличных средств cash ~ норма кассовых резервов compaction ~ вчт. коэффициент уплотнения compression ~ вчт. коэффициент сжатия consumption ~ относительный показатель потребления contribution margin ~ коэффициент выручки conversion ~ коэффициент пересчета correlation ~ корреляционное отношение cover ~ отношение покрытия current ~ отношение оборотного капитала к долгосрочным обязательствам current ~ отношение текущих активов к текущим пассивам компании debt-equity ~ отношение задолженности к собственному капиталу debt-equity ~ соотношение собственных и заемных средств банка distribution ~ коэффициент распределения equity capital ~ отношение собственного капитала компании к общей сумме активов equity ~ отношение собственного капитала к общей сумме активов expense ~ соотношение расходов и доходов financial ~ финансовый коэффициент fixed capital ~ доля вложений в основной капитал floor-area ~ процент застройки gearing ~ соотношение собственных и заемных средств банка gross margin ~ коэффициент валовой прибыли hit ~ вчт. коэффициент нахождения данных in direct (inverse) ~ прямо (обратно) пропорционально incremental capital-output ~ капиталоемкость input-output ~ коэффициент материалоемкости input-output ~ отношение единицы затрат к единице выпуска продукции input-output ~ технологический коэффициент inventory turnover ~ показатель движения товарных запасов inverse price ~ обратное отношение цен inverse ~ обратная пропорциональность inverse ~ обратное отношение land use ~ процент землепользования liquidity ~ коэффициент ликвидности long-term debt ~ отношение суммы долгосрочного долга к активам loss ~ уровень убыточности minimum reserve ~ минимальная норма резервного покрытия miss ~ коэффициент неудач money-income ~ отношение суммы денег к доходу net profit ~ уровень чистой прибыли numerical ~ числовой коэффициент operating ~ коэффициент издержек operating ~ операционный коэффициент output-capital ~ капиталоотдача ownership ~ доля владения ownership ~ доля собственности payout ~ коэффициент выплаты прибыли компании в форме дивидендов plot ~ коэффициент использования земельного участка production capacity ~ коэффициент использования производственного оборудования production volume ~ относительный объем производства profit ~ коэффициент рентабельности profit ~ норма прибыли quantitative ~ количественное соотношение quick ~ коэффициент критической оценки quick ~ отношение ликвидности фирмы к сумме долговых обязательств quick ~ эк.произ. отношение текущих активов за вычетом запасов и незавершенного производства к текущим пассивам ratio доля ~ коэффициент ~ норма покрытия ~ относительная величина ~ относительный показатель ~ отношение ~ (pl -os) мат. отношение, пропорция;
коэффициент, соотношение;
ratio of exchange эк. (количественное) меновое отношение ~ тех. передаточное число ~ пропорция ~ процент ~ соотношение ~ степень ~ (pl -os) мат. отношение, пропорция;
коэффициент, соотношение;
ratio of exchange эк. (количественное) меновое отношение ~ of subscription подписной коэффициент ~ of the progression знаменатель прогрессии recall ~ норма возврата reciprocal ~ обратное отношение required reserve ~ требуемая норма резервного покрытия required reserve ~ требуемая резервная норма reserve ~ норма резервного покрытия reserve ~ резервная норма response ~ вчт. коэффициент реактивности reverse ~ обратное отношение sampling ~ доля выборки savings ~ норма накопления savings ~ норма сбережений sex ~ процентное соотношение между полами solvency ~ коэффициент платежеспособности solvency ~ отношение акционерного капитала к суммарным активам stock turnover ~ оборот товарных запасов stock turnover ~ отношение товарных запасов к сумме продаж subscription ~ подписной коэффициент turnover ~ коэффициент оборачиваемости капитала turnover ~ оборачиваемость капитала utilization ~ коэффициент загрузки utilization ~ коэффициент использования variance ~ отношение дисперсий -
108 standard
1. сущ.1) упр. стандарт; норма; образец, эталон (характеристики, которым должен соответствовать продукт или процесс; принимаются внутри организации, в рамках отрасли или на международном уровне; могут иметь формальный или неформальных характер)to establish [set\] a standard — установить стандарт
to lower [raise\] standards — снижать [повышать\] требования
We have very high safety standards in this laboratory. — В этой лаборатории очень строгие правила техники безопасности.
Her technique became a standard against which all future methods were compared. — Ее техника стала стандартом, с которым сравнивали все последующие методы.
Most people agree that there are standards of behaviour which need to be upheld, but agreeing on them is rather more difficult. — Большинство людей считают, что существуют нормы поведения, которые стоит поддерживать, но прийти к согласию, каковы эти нормы, гораздо труднее.
Syn:See:advertising standards, African Regional Standard, basic standards, eco-standards, ethical standard, international standard, labour standard, performance standard, professional standard, quality standard, retention standard, service delivery standard, time standard, work standard, workmanship standard, standards department, International Accounting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards2) общ. уровеньSee:3) комп. стандарт (технические характеристики какого-л. алгоритма, файла или ПО)See:4)а) общ. мераб) фин. (денежный) стандарт ( принцип организации расчетов в конкретной денежной системе)See:bimetallic standard, dollar standard, gold-dollar standard, gold exchange standard, gold standard, silver standard, monometallic standard5) тех. проба (золота, серебра)6) общ. знамя, штандартSyn:2. прил.1) общ. стандартный, типовой; общепринятый, традиционныйSee:2) учет нормативный, заданный, плановый (напр., о затратах, об объеме выпуска, о доходе, размер которых запланирован)See:standard cost, standard cost card, standard cost centre, standard costing, standard performance, standard level of output, standard price, standard bill of materials, standard direct labour cost, standard direct labour rate, standard direct materials cost, standard overhead cost, standard fixed overhead cost, standard manufacturing overhead cost, standard fixed manufacturing overhead rate, standard production cost, standard hour, standard materials usage, standard mix, standard quantity allowed, standard rate, standard time, actual* * *. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
109 tunuka
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] desire[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] be very fond of[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] received a special honor for something[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] finally obtain something long desired[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] pay a high price for something[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] set one's heart on[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] set great store by[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -tunuka[English Word] yearn for[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------ -
110 Steuer
n; -s, -; MOT. (steering) wheel; NAUT. helm; FLUG. controls Pl.; (Seitensteuer) rudder; am Steuer sitzen be seated at the wheel (NAUT. helm, FLUG. controls); das Steuer herumreißen wrench the wheel (NAUT. helm) hard over; das Steuer übernehmen take over at the wheel (NAUT., fig. at the helm); FLUG. take over (at) the controls; am Steuer sein fig. be at the helm ( oder controls); das Steuer fest in der Hand haben fig. be firmly in control; das Steuer herumwerfen fig. alter course (radically)—f; -, -n tax ( auf + Dat on); kommunale: local tax; in GB: council tax; auf Gütern: duty; direkte / indirekte Steuern direct / indirect taxes ( oder taxation); von der Steuer absetzen set against tax; erheben 5* * *das Steuer(Auto) wheel; steering wheel;(Schiff) helm; rudder;die Steuerlevy; impost; tax* * *Steu|er I ['ʃtɔyɐ]nt -s, - (NAUT)helm, tiller; (AUT) (steering) wheel; (AVIAT) control column, controls plor sein (fig) — to be at the helm
am Stéúer sitzen or sein, hinter dem Stéúer sitzen (inf) (Aut) — to be at or behind the wheel, to drive; (Aviat) to be at the controls
jdn ans Stéúer lassen (Aut) — to let sb drive, to let sb take the wheel
das Stéúer übernehmen (lit, fig) — to take over; (lit auch) to take (over) the helm/wheel/controls; (fig auch) to take the helm
das Stéúer fest in der Hand haben (fig) — to be firmly in control, to have things firmly under control
IIdas Stéúer herumwerfen or herumreißen (fig) — to turn the tide of events
f -, -n1) (= Abgabe) tax; (an Gemeinde) council tax (Brit), local tax (US); (von Firmen) rates pl (Brit), corporate property tax (US)Stéúern — tax
Stéúern zahlen — to pay tax
ich bezahle 35% Stéúern — I pay 35% tax
in Schweden zahlt man hohe Stéúern — in Sweden tax is very high, in Sweden people are highly taxed
die Stéúern herabsetzen — to reduce taxation, to cut tax or taxes
der Stéúer unterliegen (form) — to be liable or subject to tax, to be taxable
Gewinn vor/nach Stéúern — pre-/after-tax profit, profit before/after tax
2) (inf = Steuerbehörde)die Stéúer — the tax people pl (inf) or authorities pl, the Inland Revenue (Brit), the Internal Revenue Service (US)
* * *(money, eg a percentage of a person's income or of the price of goods etc taken by the government to help pay for the running of the state: income tax; a tax on tobacco.) tax* * *Steu·er1<-s, ->[ˈʃtɔyɐ]nt1. AUTO [steering] wheeljdn ans \Steuer lassen to let sb drive [or get behind the wheel]2. NAUT [ship's] wheel, helmam \Steuer stehen [o sein] to be at the helm [or wheel3.Steu·er2<-, -n>[ˈʃtɔyɐ]f ÖKON taxfällige \Steuern matured taxeskommunale \Steuern community chargeprogressive \Steuer graduated tax\Steuern abführen [o entrichten] to pay taxesetw von der \Steuer absetzen to set off sth sep against taxjdn zur \Steuer heranziehen to tax sbder \Steuer unterliegen to be subject to taxation, to be taxable\Steuern zahlen to pay tax[es]nach \Steuern after tax\Steuern vom Einkommen taxes on incomevor \Steuer before tax [or pre-tax]Steu·er3<->[ˈʃtɔyɐ]▪ die [Leute von der] \Steuer the taxman* * *Idas; Steuers, Steuer (von Fahrzeugen) [steering-]wheel; (von Schiffen) helmsich ans od. hinters Steuer setzen — get behind the wheel
das Steuer übernehmen — take over the wheel or the driving; (bei Schiffen, fig.) take over the helm
IITrunkenheit am Steuer — drunken driving; being drunk at the wheel
die; Steuer, Steuern1) taxSteuern zahlen — (Lohn-/Einkommensteuer) pay tax
* * *das Steuer herumreißen wrench the wheel (SCHIFF helm) hard over;das Steuer übernehmen take over at the wheel (SCHIFF, fig at the helm); FLUG take over (at) the controls;das Steuer fest in der Hand haben fig be firmly in control;das Steuer herumwerfen fig alter course (radically)Steuer2 f; -, -n tax (direkte/indirekte Steuern direct/indirect taxes ( oder taxation);* * *Idas; Steuers, Steuer (von Fahrzeugen) [steering-]wheel; (von Schiffen) helmsich ans od. hinters Steuer setzen — get behind the wheel
das Steuer übernehmen — take over the wheel or the driving; (bei Schiffen, fig.) take over the helm
IITrunkenheit am Steuer — drunken driving; being drunk at the wheel
die; Steuer, Steuern1) taxSteuern zahlen — (Lohn-/Einkommensteuer) pay tax
* * *-n (auf) f.tax (on) n. -n (indirekte) f.duty n. -n f.duty (tax) n.tax n. n.helm n.rudder n.steering wheel (Auto) n.steering wheel n. -
111 steuer
n; -s, -; MOT. (steering) wheel; NAUT. helm; FLUG. controls Pl.; (Seitensteuer) rudder; am Steuer sitzen be seated at the wheel (NAUT. helm, FLUG. controls); das Steuer herumreißen wrench the wheel (NAUT. helm) hard over; das Steuer übernehmen take over at the wheel (NAUT., fig. at the helm); FLUG. take over (at) the controls; am Steuer sein fig. be at the helm ( oder controls); das Steuer fest in der Hand haben fig. be firmly in control; das Steuer herumwerfen fig. alter course (radically)—f; -, -n tax ( auf + Dat on); kommunale: local tax; in GB: council tax; auf Gütern: duty; direkte / indirekte Steuern direct / indirect taxes ( oder taxation); von der Steuer absetzen set against tax; erheben 5* * *das Steuer(Auto) wheel; steering wheel;(Schiff) helm; rudder;die Steuerlevy; impost; tax* * *Steu|er I ['ʃtɔyɐ]nt -s, - (NAUT)helm, tiller; (AUT) (steering) wheel; (AVIAT) control column, controls plor sein (fig) — to be at the helm
am Stéúer sitzen or sein, hinter dem Stéúer sitzen (inf) (Aut) — to be at or behind the wheel, to drive; (Aviat) to be at the controls
jdn ans Stéúer lassen (Aut) — to let sb drive, to let sb take the wheel
das Stéúer übernehmen (lit, fig) — to take over; (lit auch) to take (over) the helm/wheel/controls; (fig auch) to take the helm
das Stéúer fest in der Hand haben (fig) — to be firmly in control, to have things firmly under control
IIdas Stéúer herumwerfen or herumreißen (fig) — to turn the tide of events
f -, -n1) (= Abgabe) tax; (an Gemeinde) council tax (Brit), local tax (US); (von Firmen) rates pl (Brit), corporate property tax (US)Stéúern — tax
Stéúern zahlen — to pay tax
ich bezahle 35% Stéúern — I pay 35% tax
in Schweden zahlt man hohe Stéúern — in Sweden tax is very high, in Sweden people are highly taxed
die Stéúern herabsetzen — to reduce taxation, to cut tax or taxes
der Stéúer unterliegen (form) — to be liable or subject to tax, to be taxable
Gewinn vor/nach Stéúern — pre-/after-tax profit, profit before/after tax
2) (inf = Steuerbehörde)die Stéúer — the tax people pl (inf) or authorities pl, the Inland Revenue (Brit), the Internal Revenue Service (US)
* * *(money, eg a percentage of a person's income or of the price of goods etc taken by the government to help pay for the running of the state: income tax; a tax on tobacco.) tax* * *Steu·er1<-s, ->[ˈʃtɔyɐ]nt1. AUTO [steering] wheeljdn ans \Steuer lassen to let sb drive [or get behind the wheel]2. NAUT [ship's] wheel, helmam \Steuer stehen [o sein] to be at the helm [or wheel3.Steu·er2<-, -n>[ˈʃtɔyɐ]f ÖKON taxfällige \Steuern matured taxeskommunale \Steuern community chargeprogressive \Steuer graduated tax\Steuern abführen [o entrichten] to pay taxesetw von der \Steuer absetzen to set off sth sep against taxjdn zur \Steuer heranziehen to tax sbder \Steuer unterliegen to be subject to taxation, to be taxable\Steuern zahlen to pay tax[es]nach \Steuern after tax\Steuern vom Einkommen taxes on incomevor \Steuer before tax [or pre-tax]Steu·er3<->[ˈʃtɔyɐ]▪ die [Leute von der] \Steuer the taxman* * *Idas; Steuers, Steuer (von Fahrzeugen) [steering-]wheel; (von Schiffen) helmsich ans od. hinters Steuer setzen — get behind the wheel
das Steuer übernehmen — take over the wheel or the driving; (bei Schiffen, fig.) take over the helm
IITrunkenheit am Steuer — drunken driving; being drunk at the wheel
die; Steuer, Steuern1) taxSteuern zahlen — (Lohn-/Einkommensteuer) pay tax
* * *…steuer f im subst:Bundessteuer federal tax;Ländersteuer tax imposed by a Land;Besitzsteuer property tax;Objektsteuer impersonal tax;Subjektsteuer personal tax;Substanzsteuer tax on assets;Verkehrssteuer transaction tax* * *Idas; Steuers, Steuer (von Fahrzeugen) [steering-]wheel; (von Schiffen) helmsich ans od. hinters Steuer setzen — get behind the wheel
das Steuer übernehmen — take over the wheel or the driving; (bei Schiffen, fig.) take over the helm
IITrunkenheit am Steuer — drunken driving; being drunk at the wheel
die; Steuer, Steuern1) taxSteuern zahlen — (Lohn-/Einkommensteuer) pay tax
* * *-n (auf) f.tax (on) n. -n (indirekte) f.duty n. -n f.duty (tax) n.tax n. n.helm n.rudder n.steering wheel (Auto) n.steering wheel n. -
112 costar caro / salir caro
costar caro / salir caro(ser costoso) to cost a lot 2 (causar daño) to cost dear -
113 escala
Del verbo escalar: ( conjugate escalar) \ \
escala es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: escala escalar
escala sustantivo femenino 1 ( en general) scale;◊ escala centígrada/Fahrenheit centigrade o Celsius/Fahrenheit scale;escala de valores set of values; escala musical (musical) scale; la escala social the social scale; hecho a escala done to scale; a gran escala on a large scale 2 (Aviac, Náut) stopover;
escalar ( conjugate escalar) verbo transitivo ‹montaña/pared› to climb, scale; (en jerarquía, clasificación) to climb (up) verbo intransitivo (Dep) to climb, go climbing
escala sustantivo femenino
1 (serie, gradación) scale: la maqueta se realizó a escala, the model was made to scale
la escala decimal, decimal scale
2 (de colores) range
escala de valores, set of values
3 (parada provisional) Náut port of call Av stopover: el avión hace escala en Barcelona, the plane stops over in Barcelona
escala técnica, refuelling stop
4 (escalera portátil) ladder, stepladder
5 (clasificación del personal de una empresa) position: subió de escala en la organización, he was promoted to a higher position in the company
6 (Mús) scale: tocó una escala muy alta, difícil de seguir con la voz, she played a very high scale which was difficult to sing
escalar
I verbo transitivo to climb, scale
II adjetivo Elec Locuciones: magnitud escalar, scalar quantitity ' escala' also found in these entries: Spanish: bastante - do - fa - la - re - sol - abajo - arriba - descendente - mayor - modelo - nivel - tarifa English: call in - full-scale - grade - kit - ladder - large-scale - model - nationally - nationwide - originate - point - port of call - price range - put in - range - Richter scale - rise - scale - scale down - sliding scale - small-scale - stop - stop off - stop over - stopover - wholesale - country - full - global - put - rope - sliding - time -
114 exorbitant
[iɡ'zo:bitənt]((of prices or demands) very high or unreasonable.) pretiran- exorbitance* * *[igzɔ:bitənt]adjective ( exorbitantly adverb)pretiran, brezmejen -
115 aplicar el oído
• listen very carefully• pay a high price• pay a note -
116 caro
['karo] caro (-a)1. agg1)mi è tanto caro — it (o he) is very dear to me
Caro Paolo — (nelle lettere) Dear Paul
tener caro il ricordo di qn/qc — to cherish the memory of sb/sth
2) (costoso) dear, expensive2. sm/fmio caro, mia cara — my dear
3. avv(costare, pagare) a lot, a great deal -
117 gravis
grăvis, e, adj. [Sanscr. gurus (root gar-); Gr. barus, heavy; gravis, for gar-uis; cf. also Brutus]. With respect to weight, heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome; or pass., loaded, laden, burdened (opp. levis, light; in most of its significations corresp. to the Gr. barus; cf. onerosus, onerarius).I.Lit. Absol. or with abl.1.In gen.: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; so,2.tellus,
Ov. M. 7, 355:corpora,
Lucr. 2, 225 sq.; cf. id. 5, 450 sq.:limus,
id. 5, 496:in eo etiam cavillatus est, aestate grave esse aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum,
Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83:navigia,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8, 4; cf.:tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere,
Hor. Epod. 4, 17:cum gravius dorso (aselli) subiit onus,
id. S. 1, 9, 21:sarcina,
id. Ep. 1, 13, 6: inflexi grave robur aratri, Verg. G. 1, 162:cujus (tibicinae) Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26: terra, burdened (by the heavy body), Ov. M. 12, 118:naves hostilibus spoliis graves,
heavily laden, Liv. 29, 35, 5; cf.:agmen grave praedā,
id. 21, 5, 8;for which also simply: grave agmen,
id. 31, 39, 2:miles,
heavy-armed, Tac. A. 12, 35:gravis aere dextra,
Verg. E. 1, 36:cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo,
i. e. filled, full, id. A. 6, 516 (an imitation of Maximo saltu superavit Gravidus armatis equus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; v. gravidus, II. b):graves imbre nubes,
Liv. 28, 15, 11:graves fructu vites,
Quint. 8, 3, 8:gravis vinculis,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 10.—In partic.a.With respect to value or number, heavy, great. So, aes grave, heavy money, money of the oldest standard, in which an as weighed a full pound: grave aes dictum a pondere, quia deni asses, singuli pondo libras, efficiebant denarium, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 98 Müll.:b.et quia nondum argentum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris quidam (ex patribus) ad aerarium convehentes, etc.,
Liv. 4, 60, 6; 10, 46, 5; 22, 33, 2 et saep.:populus Romanus ne argento quidem signato ante Pyrrhum regem devictum usus est: librales appendebantur asses. Quare aeris gravis poena dicta,
Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42: argentum, i. e. uncoined = rude:placet argentum grave rustici patris sine ullo opere et nomine artificis,
Sen. Tranq. 1, 4:notavit aliquos, quod pecunias levioribus usuris mutuati graviore fenore collocassent,
at a higher rate, Suet. Aug. 39; cf.:in graviore annona,
id. ib. 25: grave pretium, a high price, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 314, 25.—With respect to number: graves pavonum greges, great or numerous flocks, Varr. ap. Non. 314, 31. —For the usual gravidus, with young, pregnant ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):B.regina sacerdos Marte gravis,
Verg. A. 1, 274; cf.uterus (shortly after: gravidus tumet venter),
Ov. M. 10, 495:balaenae utero graves (shortly before, gravidae),
Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 13.—Transf.1.Of hearing or sound, deep, grave, low, bass (opp. acutus, treble):2.vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,
Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. id. ib. 3, 57, 216:qui (sonus) acuta cum gravibus temperans, varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,
id. Rep. 6, 18:vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 17; 42: sonus, 2, 8, 15; 5, 10, 125; 11, 3, 41; Ov. M. 12, 203:tenor,
Quint. 1, 5, 26:syllaba,
i. e. unaccented, id. 1, 5, 22 sq.; 12, 10, 33.—Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive:3.an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis,
rank, Hor. Epod. 12, 5:chelydri,
Verg. G. 3, 415:ellebori,
id. ib. 3, 451:odor calthae,
strong, Plin. 21, 6, 15, § 28; cf.:herba odore suaviter gravi,
id. 25, 9, 70, § 118; cf.117: habrotonum odore jucunde gravi floret,
id. 21, 10, 34, § 60: absynthium ut bibam gravem, i. e. bitter, Varr. ap. Non. 19, 27, and 314, 14.—Of the state of the body or health, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe; sick:II.(Cleanthes) negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24; so,genera cibi graviora,
Cels. 2, 18:gravissima bubula (caro),
id. ib.:pisces gravissimi,
id. ib.:neque ex salubri loco in gravem, neque ex gravi in salubrem transitus satis tutus est,
id. 1, 3; cf.:solum caelumque juxta grave,
Tac. H. 5, 7:solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra,
Verg. E. 10, 75:anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 1; cf.:gravis auctumnus in Apulia circumque Brundisium ex saluberrimis Galliae et Hispaniae regionibus, omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:grave tempus et forte annus pestilens erat urbi agrisque,
Liv. 3, 6, 1; cf. also id. 3, 8, 1:aestas,
Verg. G. 2, 377:morbo gravis,
sick, id. ib. 3, 95; cf.:gravis vulnere,
Liv. 21, 48, 4:aetate et viribus gravior,
id. 2, 19, 6:gravior de vulnere,
Val. Fl. 6, 65:non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fetas,
sick, feeble, Verg. E. 1, 50; so absol.:aut abit in somnum gravis,
heavy, languid, Lucr. 3, 1066.Trop.A.In a bad sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant (syn.: molestus, difficilis, arduus): qui labores morte finisset graves, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115:B.quod numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse senserim... quibus nihil est in ipsis opis ad bene beateque vivendum, iis omnis aetas gravis est,
Cic. de Sen. 2, 4; cf.:onus officii,
id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; id. Rep. 1, 23:et facilior et minus aliis gravis aut molesta vita est otiosorum,
id. Off. 1, 21, 70; id. Rep. 1, 4:miserior graviorque fortuna,
Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:haec si gravia aut acerba videantur, multo illa gravius aestimare debere, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 14 fin.:velim si tibi grave non erit, me certiorem facias,
Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2:grave est homini pudenti petere aliquid magnum,
id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 4:est in populum Romanum grave, non posse, etc.,
id. Balb. 7, 24:verbum gravius,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret... quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 1 and 4:gravissimum supplicium,
id. ib. 1, 31, 15:habemus senatusconsultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave,
Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:edictum,
Liv. 29, 21, 5:gravioribus bellis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 40:gravis esse alicui,
id. Fam. 13, 76, 2; cf.:adversarius imperii,
id. Off. 3, 22, 86:gravior hostis,
Liv. 10, 18, 6:senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, ne sint iis odiosi et graves,
Cic. Rep. 1, 43:gravis popularibus esse coepit,
Liv. 44, 30, 5.—Prov.:gravis malae conscientiae lux est,
Sen. Ep. 122.—In a good sense, weighty, important, grave; with respect to character, of weight or authority, eminent, venerable, great:1.numquam erit alienis gravis, qui suis se concinnat levem,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:ea (honestas) certe omni pondere gravior habenda est quam reliqua omnia,
id. Off. 3, 8, 35; id. Deiot. 2, 5:cum gravibus seriisque rebus satisfecerimus,
id. ib. 1, 29, 103:auctoritas clarissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti,
id. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf. causa, Lucil. ap. Non. 315, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 3; Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:gravius erit tuum unum verbum ad eam rem, quam centum mea,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 107:ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur: quae tamen gravis et magna remanebat,
Cic. Rep. 2, 34:sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis,
id. Brut. 95, 325:gravior oratio,
id. de Or. 2, 56, 227:nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 6, 16:inceptis gravibus et magna professis,
Hor. A. P. 14:exemplum grave praebet ales, etc.,
id. C. 4, 11, 26:non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloria clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, aut humanitate politiores,
Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:et esse et videri omnium gravissimus et severissimus,
id. ib. 2, 56, 228:homo prudens et gravis,
id. ib. 1, 9, 38:neque oratio abhorrens a persona hominis gravissimi,
id. Rep. 1, 15 fin.:auctor,
id. Pis. 6, 14:testis,
id. Fam. 2, 2:non idem apud graves viros, quod leviores (decet),
Quint. 11, 1, 45:vir bonus et gravis,
id. 11, 3, 184:gravissimi sapientiae magistri,
id. 12, 1, 36:tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere,
Verg. A. 1, 151:gravissima civitas,
Cic. Rep. 1, 3:gravem atque opulentam civitatem vineis et pluteis cepit,
an important city, Liv. 34, 17, 12.— Hence, adv.: grăvĭter.Weightily, heavily, ponderously (very rare):b.aëra per purum graviter simulacra feruntur,
Lucr. 4, 302; cf.:graviter cadere,
id. 1, 741; Ov. P. 1, 7, 49.—Transf.(α).Of tones, deeply:(β).natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,
Cic. Rep. 6, 18; Lucr. 4, 543.—Far more freq.,Vehemently, strongly, violently:2.graviter crepuerunt fores,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52; so,spirantibus flabris,
Lucr. 6, 428; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 2:pertentat tremor terras,
Lucr. 6, 287:ferire aliquem,
Verg. A. 12, 295:conquassari omnia,
Lucr. 5, 105; cf.:quae gravissime afflictae erant naves,
Caes. B. G. 4, 31, 2.—Trop.a.Vehemently, violently, deeply, severely; harshly, unpleasantly, disagreeably:b.graviter aegrotare,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32:se habere,
id. Att. 7, 2, 3:neque is sum, qui gravissime ex vobis mortis periculo terrear,
Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 2:gravissime dolere,
id. ib. 5, 54 fin.:quem ego amarem graviter,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.: placere occoepit graviter, postquam est mortua, [p. 829] Caecil. ap. Non. 314, 19:tibi edepol iratus sum graviter,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 2:cives gravissime dissentientes,
Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27:si me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:graviter angi,
id. Lael. 3, 10:tulit hoc commune dedecus jam familiae graviter filius,
with chagrin, vexation, id. Clu. 6, 16; cf.:graviter et acerbe aliquid ferre,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:graviter accipere aliquid,
id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; Tac. A. 13, 36; cf.:adolescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:nolo in illum gravius dicere,
more harshly, id. Ad. 1, 2, 60; cf.:de amplissimis viris gravissime acerbissimeque decernitur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4; id. B. G. 3, 16, 4; cf.also: severe et graviter et prisce agere,
Cic. Cael. 14, 33:ut non gravius accepturi viderentur, si nuntiarentur omnibus eo loco mortem oppetendam esse,
more sorrowfully, Liv. 9, 4, 6.—In an impressive or dignified manner, impressively, gravely, seriously, with propriety or dignity:his de rebus tantis tamque atrocibus neque satis me commode dicere neque satis graviter conqueri neque satis libere vociferari posse intelligo. Nam commoditati ingenium, gravitati aetas, libertati tempora sunt impedimento,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9:(Scipio) utrumque egit graviter,
with dignity, id. Lael. 21, 77:res gestas narrare graviter,
id. Or. 9, 30; cf.:locum graviter et copiose tractare,
id. Fin. 4, 2, 5. -
118 Horse-Hair Cloth
The original cloth was made by a Paris manufacturer in the 18th century who patented a process to make horse-hair cloth for upholstery and this was very popular for some years but is now obsolete. The stuffing cloth now used as stiffening and underlining for coats is often made of glazed cotton or hemp yarn exclusively because of the high price of the horse hair. See Palmet fibre which is used as a substitute for horse hair as well as "black fibre." -
119 Iceland Wool
Iceland wools are of a character entirely their own. Gradings are usually in three qualities, whether of whites, browns, fawns, greys or blacks. The Icelandic character is of a wiry, spiral coarse-tipped staple, and a very soft, fine staple root. In combing, these soft finer fibres are removed as noil and often command a high price owing to their remarkable softness and lightness in weight. The coarse fibres are in sliver and top form, and are often blended with other carpet tops. -
120 πολυτίμητος
A highly honoured, freq. used in addressing a divinity, Ἀφροδίτη [Parm.]20;ὦ Ζεῦ πολυτίμητ' Pherecr.73
, Ar.Fr. 319;ὦ πολυτίμηθ' Ἠράκλεις Id.Ach. 807
;ὦ π. θεοί Id.V. 1001
; ;ὦ π. Νεφέλαι Id.Nu. 269
;ὦ π. Αἰσχύλε Id.Ra. 851
; and (ironically)ὦ π. Εὐθύδημε Pl.Euthd. 296d
; so τὸ π. ἰατρεῖον, of Aristotle, Timae. ap. Plb.12.8.4.II at a high price, very costly, Epich.71, Ar.Fr.387.9, Alex.Trall.1.15; with play on signf. 1, [σῖτος] π. ᾇπερ τοὶ θεοί Ar.Ach. 759
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πολυτίμητος
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High admiral — High High, a. [Compar. {Higher}; superl. {Highest}.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he[ a]h, h?h; akin to OS. h?h, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. h?h, G. hoch, Icel. h?r, Sw. h[ o]g, Dan. h[ o]i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h[… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
High altar — High High, a. [Compar. {Higher}; superl. {Highest}.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he[ a]h, h?h; akin to OS. h?h, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. h?h, G. hoch, Icel. h?r, Sw. h[ o]g, Dan. h[ o]i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h[… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
High and dry — High High, a. [Compar. {Higher}; superl. {Highest}.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he[ a]h, h?h; akin to OS. h?h, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. h?h, G. hoch, Icel. h?r, Sw. h[ o]g, Dan. h[ o]i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h[… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
High and mighty — High High, a. [Compar. {Higher}; superl. {Highest}.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he[ a]h, h?h; akin to OS. h?h, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. h?h, G. hoch, Icel. h?r, Sw. h[ o]g, Dan. h[ o]i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h[… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English